Methods and devices in the wet end, press section and drying section of a papermaking machine, embossing paper, forming discontinuous sheets of paper.

Subgroups and main groups.

If a document concerns embodiments which are covered by several subgroups dependent on a higher hierarchy group, the following rules apply:

Wet end of papermaking machines, starting at the stable section, ending at the transfer/pick up to press section

Controlling and regulating drainage rate, fiber length or degree of refining of a paper pulp suspension.

Devices or altering the distribution of the fibers in the suspension, like for example by pressure pulse or ultrasound, the suspension flowing through the headbox of a papermaking machine.

Screens or fabrics made from plastic materials and useable for forming paper webs in a paper machine by separating fibers from an aqueous suspension or also if usable for drying a paper web in the drying section of a paper machine.

Fabrics comprising two separate layers (paper side layer and machine side layer) and a system of binding yarns interconnecting said layers, the binding yarns can also contribute to the forming of the paper side layer (known as sheet support binding (SSB)).

Devices for altering the distribution of the fibers in the suspension, like for example by pressure pulse or ultrasound, the suspension being already spread on the forming screen.

Head boxes for all kind of paper machines (i.e. Fourdrinier, gapformer, twin- or hybrid-former) if not particularly suitable only for cylinder machines, in which case D21F 1/04 is appropriate.

Devices for injecting additional dilution water, dilution suspension or chemicals into a pulp flow within the headbox.

Regulating the pulp flow into and out of the headbox.

Dilution devices before or in the headbox.

Forming or drying wires only if made from metallic materials.

Shaking apparatus for wire and screen cloths, including ultrasound principles.

Shaking apparatus in all type of Fourdrinier, gapformer, twinformer or hybridformer machines.

Shaking apparatus specially adapted for being used in a cylinder machine.

Tilting, raising or lowering mechanisms for wire and screen cloths.

Tilting, raising or lowering mechanisms in all type of Fourdrinier, gapformer, twinformer or hybridformer machines.

Tilting, raising or lowering mechanisms specially adapted for being used in a cylinder machine.

Protecting wire and screen cloths from mechanical damage and contamination, coatings and impregnation agents.

Washing wire or screen cloths or felts.

Wire or screen guiding mechanisms including air border layer seals, air cushion devices, guide rolls, stretching rolls, spreading rolls for the wire or screen.

Watermarking in general, watermarking devices acting on the fibrous suspension or layer while on the forming screen or wire; producing special forming wires or screens for making watermarks; separate watermark elements.

Suction apparatus in general, including regulation, steam application by suction, removing water, suction on both sides of the screen or wire, dewatering by change of direction or centrifugal effect.

Sheet edge limiting devices; devices for setting the width of the web.

Treatment of white waters or broke, devices and processes in the short circulation of paper machines.

Pulp catching, de-watering, recovering or re-use of pulp-water by flotation.

Transferring webs between paper machine sections in general, not only from the wet end to the press section.

Press shells, jackets, covers.

Combinations of individual press elements forming a press section or part of such a section.

Web treatment rolls for press section.

Suction rolls for forming, pressing and drying sections.

Contact drying using anything except for rolls.

Drying webs on heated cylinders.

Construction details of cylinders for drying webs of paper, e.g. material of cylinder, production process like welding or casting, or isolation.

Drying sections including suction or blowing devices, for example including a single-tier drying group.

Drying paper webs on loops formed by a series of rods, e.g. GB 820910

Drying paper webs by hot air.

Steam blow boxes arranged in the paper machine.

Transfer belts, bands, felts or fabrics.

Complete machines (i.e. at least two sections combined) for making paper or for producing air-layed webs.

Methods for making patterned paper, e.g. non-planar surfaces or colour variations as obtained directly by the web-forming process.

Machines and processes specially adapted for forming tissue papers.

Making hand-made paper, restoration of paper.