The use of fatty acids, fats, oils or waxes for different purposes should be classified in appropriate application places, e.g. using fatty acids esters of higher fatty acids as emulsifiers should relate to B01F17/06; using fatty acids as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone - to C04B 24/04; using oils, fats, or waxes and derivatives thereof in cosmetics or toilet preparations - to A61K 8/92; using fats, fatty oils, ester type waxes, higher fatty acids, oxidized oils or fats as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone - to C04B 24/08; using fatty oil as lubricating composition base - to C10M 101/04.

C07 covers production or working up chemically synthesized substances, e.g. synthetic waxes, whereas subclass C11C covers synthesis of substances from natural materials.

C11B covers the production, purification/refining, recovery from waste material or working up of oils and fats (e.g. animal or vegetable oils). C11B does not cover obtaining fatty acid or chemical modification of fats, oils or fatty acid from fat, fatty oils or waxes, which are covered by C11C.

A23D covers edible oils or fats and compositions thereof, e.g. margarines, shortenings, cooking oils and provides for subject matter relating to working up or preservation of finished products. Obtaining or refining fatty acid or chemically modified fat, oils or fatty acids including edible oils or fats are covered by subclass C11C, e.g. hydrogenating is covered by C11C 3/12.

The various uses of fatty acids for different purposes is classified in corresponding places (see references).

Production of fatty acids in general.

Sources selected for production of particular types of fatty acids (e.g. HUFA, PUFA, CLA, branched fatty acids, etc.)

Processes specifically for separating fatty acids (e.g. stearic from oleic, CLA from C₁₈ in general)

Recovery and refining of fatty acids specifically.

Recovery and refining of fatty acids specifically from pre-separated oils/fats in general.

Recovery and refining of fatty acids specifically from pre-separated oils/fats using base hydrolysis.

Recovery and refining of fatty acids specifically from pre-separated oils/fats using non-base hydrolysis.

Preparation of fatty acids from fatty acid containing material, e.g. hydrolysis of fats or fatty oils using esterase, lipase to prepare fatty acids

e.g. clays, resins, etc.

Undefined processes for removing undesired material from fatty acids.

Processes for removing undesired material from fatty acids where process depends on change to gaseous phase., e.g. distillation, short path, wiped film

E.g. steam.

Refining of fatty acids by distillation after or with the addition of expandable fluids, either noble type, e.g. inert gases, inert co-solvents or molecules, e.g.CO2

Preparation of fatty acid esters where fatty acid containing material is esterified with an alcohol per se.

Fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained by combination with oxidation, e.g. epoxidation, peroxidation, lactones,

Preparation of fatty acid esters where fatty acids which are not esterified are esterified with glycerol.

Preparation of fatty acid esters where non-free fatty acid containing material is esterified.

General esterification reactions (i.e. transesterification, interesterification)

Preparation of fatty acid esters where non-free fatty acid containing material is esterified with glycerol (e.g. triglyceride reaction with glycerol)

Preparation of fatty acid esters where non-free carboxylic acid with a long unbranched aliphatic tail (fatty acid) containing material is esterified with a free carboxylic cid with a long unbranched aliphatic tail (fatty acid ), for example triglyceride reacted with oleic acid

Preparation of fatty acid esters where non-free fatty acid containing material is esterified with esterifed material by swapping one type of acid-alcohol with another acid-alcohol type, for example triglyceride with ethyl stearate, triglyceride with diglyceride, interesterification.

Preparation of fats, oils or fatty acids by hydrogenation using catalysts based principally on nickel or derivates, i.e. any compounds derived from a nickel based compound , e.g. nickel based organometallic

Preparation of fats, oils or fatty acids by hydrogenation using catalysts based principally on other metals or derivates, i.e. any compounds derived from a other metal based compound , e.g. other metal based organometallic

Wick containing products and processes to prepare.

E.g. fuel components, blends, additives, etc.

Material, usually a fiber bundle, that draws, usually by capillary action, the combustible substance to be burned, wick components, and related apparatus, wicks, wicks related accessories of a candle,eg. wick holders, wick clips, etc.

E.g. decorative, aesthetic, novelty, segmented, etc.

Methods and apparatus for candle making

Processes using pressure and no external heat

Processes whereby candle material is poured

Processes involving repetitive dipping of wick into molten candle material

Processes whereby candle material is continuously injection molded or extruded

Processes whereby the candle is carved or compressed into shape from preformed candle.