The methods and devices for working metal as follows:

Metal drawing (covered by B21C 1/00 - B21C 19/00)

Metal extrusion (covered by B21C 23/00 - B21C 35/00)

Methods for manufacturing metal sheets, bars, wires tubes or the like. (covered by B21C 37/00)

Devices for cleaning metal products adapted for use with machines of this subclass (covered by B21C 43/00)

Separating mandrels from work (covered by B21C 45/00)

Winding-up, coiling, winding-off metal wire or metal band (covered by B21C 47/00)

Devices for temporarily accumulating material (covered by B21C 49/00)

Measuring, gauging, indicating, counting, marking devices adapted for use with subclasses B21B - B21F (covered by B21C 51/00)

Other subject-matter concerning the manufacture of metal sheets, wire, rods, tubes or profiles otherwise than by rolling as well as other subject-matter concerning auxiliary operations used in connection with metal-working without essentially removing material (covered by B21C 99/00).

Methods, devices and drives for metal drawing.

Metal drawing consists in reducing the cross-section of a work piece (e.g. reducing the diameter of a metal rod or wire) by forcing it through a die. Metal drawing differs from extrusion by the lower rate of reduction.

All aspects relating to drawing special alloys with the purpose, for example, of modifying the physical properties of such alloys, and all special drawing methods.

All aspects relating to drawing metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes applying vibratory energy, for example, to the mandrel and/or the dies.

All aspects relating to the drawing action effected by drums.

All aspects relating to drawing dies operating in series.

All aspects relating to wire drawing devices and methods whereby positive slip insures that all portions of the wire are taut and that there is adequate frictional force exerted on the wire by the drums to pull the wire through the dies.

All aspects relating to wire drawing devices and methods whereby wire slips on the drawing drums are eliminated.

All aspects relating to wire drawing devices and methods whereby a certain amount of wire is accumulated in order, for example, to allow steady operation of the machine, even though the speeds of the various drums are not in exact proportion to the elongation of the wire.

All aspects relating to wire drawing devices and methods, whereby drums are controlled to apply the correct tension on the wire.

Details of drives for drums.

Stop or relief mechanisms.

All aspects relating to wire drawing capstans and gripping means cooperating with said capstans.

All aspects relating to metal drawing devices and methods not provided in the sub-groups.

All aspects relating to drawing devices and methods from solid stocks of limited length.

All aspects relating to drawing devices and methods from stock of unlimited length.

All aspects relating to drawing devices and methods specially adapted for making tubular articles, also starting from stock of limited length.

All aspects relating to drawing devices and methods specially adapted for making tubular articles by means of mandrels.

All aspects relating to drawing devices and methods specially adapted for making tubular articles by means of mandrels by push-bench drawing.

All aspects relating to drawing carriages and drives.

All aspects relating to drawing carriages, connections of grippers thereto and grippers.

All aspects relating to drives for drawing.

All aspects relating to electric linear motors for drawing.

All aspects relating to feeding or discharging the material or mandrels.

All aspects relating to guiding or supporting the material or mandrels.

All aspects relating to metal drawing tools (dies, die holders, mandrels).

Source: WO2008010614

Reducing the cross-section of the material's leading end for easing its insertion into the drawing die prior to drawing.

Source: DE3634229

All aspects of cooling, heating or lubricating the drawing material and/or the drawing devices or dies.

Source: DE19817088

Devices either:

Methods and devices for metal extrusion; products obtained by metal extrusion as well as lubrication aspects.

The title refers to impact extrusion. This is however only one specific metal extrusion technique covered by this group.

Metal extrusion consists in forcing solid metal through a suitably shaped orifice using compressive forces. Metal extrusion differs from metal drawing by the higher rate of reduction.

Source: US2007227221

All aspects relating to extrude metals with the purpose of improving the physical properties of such metals, for example, through severe plastic deformation such as ECAP and ECAE.

Dies and mandrels for metal extrusion, including dies and mandrels for coating work by extrusion or having a section variable during extruding.

The extrusion die and/or mandrel define/s the section through which the billet is forced, thereby defining the cross sectional shape of the extruded product.

Source: WO2007029888

Rams or plungers for metal extrusion; the disks therefore as well as the dummy blocks.

The extrusion ram or plunger is normally the element applying the extrusion pressure to the billet to be extruded.

Source: DE10036463

The container is the element into which the billet is placed and pressurized for extrusion.

Source: DE3342617

All aspects relating to heating or cooling in combination with metal extrusion.

Source: GB1058854

Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses.

All aspects concerning operations or devices upstream of the extrusion press or extrusion process, and specifically linked to it, including e.g.feeding conveyors and grippers used to provide a workpiece to an extrusion press.

Source: EP0486436

All aspects concerning operations or devices downstream of the extrusion press or extrusion process, and specifically linked to it, including e.g.:

Source: EP0787543

Processes and devices for the manufacture of:

Metal sheets (covered by B21C 37/02).

Metal wires (covered by B21C 37/04).

Metal tubes (covered by B21C 37/08-B21C 37/14).

Metal tubes of special shape (covered by B21C 37/15-B21C 37/298).

Finishing tubes, e.g. sizing, burnishing (covered by B21C 37/30).

All aspects relating to cleaning metal products, wherein the cleaning action is realized by using machines of B21C or wherein the cleaning action is used in combination with machines of B21C.

This group includes in particular, cleaning metal products, especially descaling, by metal drawing, or with methods associated to metal drawing or winding processes.

Source: WO2006200502

Separation of mandrels from work or vice-versa.

Source: JP61092708

Methods and devices for coiling (winding) and uncoiling (unwinding) of metal wire, band or similar metal product.

Associated operations, like feeding or guiding the material, transferring coils, joining wire or band ends, treating the material, holding on drums or coil holders.

Devices for temporarily accumulating metallic material (e.g. metal bands or wires).

Source: DE4243409

Mainly detecting flaws of metal sheets and positioning or marking said flaws.

However, this group has been conceived very generally, which is reflected in its content.

Source: WO2011145168

Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass concerning the manufacture of metal sheets, wire, rods, tubes or profiles otherwise than by rolling

Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass concerning auxiliary operations used in connection with metal-working without essentially removing material.