CPC Definition - Subclass A61F

Last Updated Version: 2024.01
FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS (dental prosthetics A61C)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Apparatus, devices or methods for physically correcting or altering the body of patients or disabled persons that are directly and for prolonged periods of time (i.e. not just during acute exceptional circumstances) used on or in the body of the patient or the disabled person:

Stents and similar devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body;

Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body that are either implantable into the body (e.g. blood vessels, eye parts, heart valves, bones, joints) or not implantable in the body (e.g. mammary prostheses, artificial arms, hands, legs or feet or parts thereof);

Specially adapted electrical, bioelectrical or fluid operating or control means for prostheses or sphincters;

Specially adapted means for connecting prostheses with or to the body (e.g. bandages, harnesses, sockets, stockings for the limb stump);

Specially adapted means for protecting prostheses;

Filters implantable into blood vessels;

Lengthening pieces for natural legs;

Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints, e.g. splints, casts, corsets, devices for stretching including equipment for beds or treatment tables, medical insertions for shoes, pressure pads, suspensory bandages;

Methods or devices for physically treating or correcting of the eyes (e.g. eye surgery using laser);

Apparatus specially adapted for guiding the blind by supplementing or replacing their visual perception;

Methods or devices for treatment of the ears, e.g. surgical.

Methods or devices (e.g. head or eye-gaze-direction actuated control devices, oral communication actuated control devices) for enabling patients or disabled persons to operate independent apparatus or machines (i.e. apparatus such as room lights or doors that is not a part of, or used in conjunction with the functioning of, artificial or natural parts of their body) without the application of direct force from the part of the human body that would normally be used by individuals for controlling operation of the independent apparatus or machine such as a hand, foot or their artificial equivalents.

Contraceptive devices for males (e.g. condoms, vas deferens occluders) or females (e.g. pessaries, intra-uterine type, fallopian occluders).

Devices for medical or hygienic care of living individuals that are worn by the individual or directly contact the body of the individual during their care:

Devices worn by the patient for reception of urine, faeces; colostomy devices;

Bandages or dressings, e.g. plasters, elastic stockings;

Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, absorbent garments, e.g. diapers, tampons, e.g. catamenial tampons, surgical swabs; supporting and fastening means for pads.

Heating or cooling devices for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body and for body cavities, e.g. compresses, warming pads, pans or mats, hot water bottles, ice bags.

Protective devices for the eyes, e.g. goggles, eye-masks worn to prevent particulates or chemicals from striking the eyes.

Devices for inserting contact lenses.

Protective devices for the ears, e.g. ear plugs or earmuffs.

Auxiliary appliances for wound dressings; dispensing containers for dressings or bandages; packages or wrapping arrangements for used pads, e.g. for disposal.

Containers having various emergency medical supplies such as bandages, simple medical tools, and medicines (i.e. first-aid kits) that are intended to be used for administering initial treatment to injured or sick individuals.

Relationships with other classification places

If an apparatus, method, device, or material is usable for both humans and animals for the same purpose and in the same manner, and it is otherwise proper for this subclass, classification is made only in subclass A61F. Similar devices or processes to those covered by subclass A61F that are usable exclusively for animals or are used in animals in a different manner or for different purposes than for humans, are classified in subclass A01K or A61D.

Surgical apparatus or processes in general are covered by subclass A61B.

Subclass A61H provides for massage, chiropractic, or physical therapy apparatus or processes used for the treatment of disease, injuries or disability (i.e. an abnormal condition of the body) by utilisation of direct mechanical energy.

Chemical and material aspects of prostheses, structures inserted into tubular structures of human bodies, bandages, dressings, absorbent pads or surgical articles are covered by subclass A61L.

With regard to human organs and their parts, the exact distinction between the artificial devices implantable into human bodies that are proper for subclass A61F and those proper for subclass A61M is somewhat imprecise. Therefore, for analogous situations that are not specifically covered by existing groups of these subclasses, the following listings are intended to provide guidance.

Subclass A61F provides for the following replacements or substitutes for internal body organs or their parts: hollow or tubular parts of organs (e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi, heart valves and blood vessels, bile ducts), structural supporting or maintaining devices for such parts (e.g. stents), artificial eyes and artificial ears.

Subclass A61M provides for the following replacements or substitutes for internal body organs or their parts: artificial hearts (based on catchword index), artificial livers, artificial lungs, artificial pancreas, artificial kidneys and catheters in general.

Devices for introducing media into or onto the body, devices for taking media from the body are also covered by subclass A61M.

Spectacles, sunglasses, contact lenses or goggles insofar as they have the features of vision correction or protection against high levels of visible and ultraviolet light are covered by subclass G02C.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Dental prostheses

A61C

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Undergarments

A41B 9/00

Baby linen

A41B 13/00

Corsets or girdles

A41C 1/00

Brassieres

A41C 3/00

Cosmetic articles, e.g. wigs, hair pieces

A41G

Caps with means for protecting the eyes or the ears

A42B 1/018

Ordinary arch supports for shoes

A43B 7/14

Artificial nails

A45D 31/00

Heating or cooling means in connection with bedsteads or mattresses

A47C 21/00

Surgical instruments

A61B 17/00

Devices for closing wounds, or holding wounds closed

A61B 17/08

Surgical drapes

A61B 46/00

Chiropractic methods or devices

A61H 1/00

Appliances for aiding patients or disabled persons to walk

A61H 3/00

Massage of the genitals

A61H 19/00

Chemical aspects of contraception

A61K

Transdermal drug delivery patches

A61K 9/70

Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads

A61L 15/00, A61L 26/00

Adhesives for colostomy devices

A61L 24/00

Surgical adhesives or cements

A61L 24/00

Materials for prostheses

A61L 27/00

Materials for colostomy devices

A61L 28/00

Artificial hearts, kidneys

A61M 1/00

Irrigators

A61M 3/02

Balloon catheters

A61M 25/10

Drainage appliances for wounds

A61M 27/00

Dilators

A61M 29/00

Valves specially adapted for medical use

A61M 39/00

Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body

A63B 23/00

Goggles for swimming

A63B 33/00

Making artificial eyes from organic plastic material

B29C, B29D 11/02

Arm rests for use as writing aids

B43L 15/00

Arrangements of tyre-inflating valves to tyres or rims

B60C 29/00

Diving masks

B63C 11/12

Safety devices for welding in general

F16P 1/06

Sunglasses or goggles having the same features as spectacles

G02C

Removable contact lenses

G02C 7/04

Electric heating elements

H05B

Special rules of classification

The breakdown symbols (i.e. the non "parallel" or non "mirror" symbols) and "orthogonal" symbols are to be used for classifying the invention information (in addition to the invention symbols) in case the invention is insufficiently classified by an invention information symbol. They are also to be used for classifying the additional information. They are stored in the additional information field.

Classify in both A61M and A61F if the disclosed utility is injecting media into the body, e.g. blood, to cool the body.

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Absorbent articles

Articles adapted to absorb liquid excreted by the body.

Dilator

A (surgical) device or instrument used to dilate, distend, enlarge, expand, stretch an opening, organ, passage, tube, canal or cavity of a human or animal body (e.g. urethrotomy, tracheotomy, nasal, anal or cervix (Hegar's dilator) or vaginal dilation, bougienage, percutaneous dilation of tissues (Byrd dilator), whereas stents are not dilators but prostheses for providing patency, or preventing collapsing of tubular structures of the body.

Disabled person

A human being that is unable to do certain basic physical tasks (e.g. walking) due to a physical or mental impairment/condition.

Patient

A human being awaiting or undergoing any form of (a) medical care (e.g. testing) or treatment by medical staff (e.g. doctors, dentists, midwives, chiropractors), or (b) physical tending (e.g. feeding) by care giver (e.g. hospice or nursing home staff) due to impairment.

Stent

Balloon- or self-expandable tubular device for use in the treatment of duct-like organs typified for example by a blood vessel, biliary tract, urinary tract, digestive tract, and the like providing patency.

Stent graft

Stent with a tubular member made of a synthetic resin affixed to the inside or outside of the stent.

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used with the meaning indicated:

Device for fluid management

incontinence article.

Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents (as cosmetic articles, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. wigs, hair pieces, A41G 3/00, A41G 5/00; artificial nails A45D 31/00; dental prostheses A61C 13/00; materials for prostheses A61L 27/00; artificial hearts A61M 60/00; artificial kidneys A61M 1/14)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Cosmetic articles, e.g. wigs, hair pieces

A41G 3/00, A41G 5/00

Artificial nails

A45D 31/00

Dental prostheses

A61C 13/00

Materials for prostheses

A61L 27/00

Artificial kidneys

A61M 1/14

Artificial hearts

A61M 60/00

Special rules of classification

The "subdivision" Indexing Code symbols (i.e. the non "parallel" Indexing Code symbols) are used for classifying as well the invention information as the additional information. They are stored only in the additional information field"

The "orthogonal" Indexing Code symbols are also used.

Prostheses classified in groups A61F 2/00 - A61F 2/26 or A61F 2/82 or A61F 9/00 or A61F 11/00 or subgroups thereof:

A61F 2210/00 Particular material properties

A61F 2220/00 Fixations or connections

A61F 2230/00 Geometry of prostheses

A61F 2240/00 Manufacturing or designing of prostheses (specific manufacturing fields take precedance)

A61F 2250/00 Special features of prostheses

{Closure means for urethra or rectum, i.e. anti-incontinence devices or support slings against pelvic prolapse}
Relationships with other classification places

Colostomy devices: A61F 5/445

Receptacles for taking up urine or feces: A61F 5/451

Drainage catheters: A61M 27/00

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Closure means for other lumina

A61B 17/12

Drainage of urine without closure

A61M 25/0017

Catheters for rectum

A61M 31/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Healthcare informatics

G16H

{placed in or outside the body opening close to the surface of the body (plugging an opening in the wall of a hollow or tubular organ A61B 17/0057)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Plugging an opening in the wall of a hollow or tubular organ

A61B 17/0057

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/0009.

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{inflatable}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/0013.

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{placed deep in the body opening (occluding blood vessels by internal devices A61B 17/12022)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Occluding blood vessels by internal devices

A61B 17/12022

Urethral drainage stents

A61M 25/0017

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/0022

media2.pngmedia3.png

{implantable (A61F 2/0018 takes precedence)}
Relationships with other classification places

Implanted gastrointestinal electrodes for the anal tract: A61N 1/0512

Implanted gastrointestinal electrodes for the urinary tract: A61N 1/0514

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Magnetic closure means placed in or outside the body opening close to the surface of the body

A61F 2/0018

Injectable solid implants

A61K 9/0024

Drainage implants in the urethral tract

A61M 27/008

Stimulation by electrodes

A61N 1/36007

{inflatable}
Relationships with other classification places

Means for transferring electromagnetic energy to implants: A61F 2250/0001

{Support slings}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Slings or meshes for pelvic prolapse

Relationships with other classification places

Hernia repair meshes: A61F 2/0063

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Treatment of female stress incontinence, i.e. especially delivery devices or other devices for implantation

A61B 2017/00805

Bone anchors for fixation of slings

A61B 17/0401

Suturing instruments

A61B 17/06

{with pressure applied to urethra by an element placed in the vagina}
Relationships with other classification places

Tampons: A61F 13/20

Pessaries, i.e. devices worn in the vagina to support the uterus: A61F 6/08

Exercising apparatus for vaginal muscles: A63B 23/20

{with pressure applied to urethra by an element placed around the penis, e.g. penis clamp}
Relationships with other classification places

Absorbent pads for male use: A61F 13/471

Penis implants: A61F 2/26

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Clamps or clips in general

A61B 17/122

{Cosmetic or alloplastic implants (A61F 2/10 - A61F 2/16, A61F 2/28 take precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Implants are structurally confined; there are no uncontained fillers

Relationships with other classification places

Cosmetic fillers: A61K 8/02

Cosmetic materials containing animal cells: A61L 27/38

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Hair or skin implants

A61F 2/10

Mammary prosthesis

A61F 2/12

Eye parts

A61F 2/14

Intraocular lenses

A61F 2/16

Bones

A61F 2/28

{Implantable repair or support meshes, e.g. hernia meshes}
Relationships with other classification places

Knitting processes for the production of meshes: D04B 21/12

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Support slings for the urethra

A61F 2/0045

Breast lifts

A61F 2/12

Heart meshes, i.e. covering the external surface of the heart

A61F 2/2481

Bandages

A61F 13/00

Implants for closing a vessel puncture or a septal defect

A61B 17/0057

Mesh patterns and the fabrication thereof

D04B 21/00

{Special surfaces of prostheses, e.g. for improving ingrowth (A61F 2/30767 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Bone surfaces

A61F 2/30767

Materials for coating prostheses

A61L 27/28

Sand blasting

B24C 1/00 - B24C 11/00

Processes for functionalising a surface

B81C 1/00206

Inorganic coating processes

C23C 14/00

{Packages or dispensers for prostheses or other implants (for intraocular lenses A61F 2/1691; for dental surgery A61C 19/02)}
Relationships with other classification places

Packages or dispensers for instruments: A61B 50/30

Packages in general: B65D 1/00 - B65D 90/00

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Packages or dispensers for intraocular lenses

A61F 2/1691

Packages or dispensers for dental surgery

A61C 19/02

Special rules of classification

Implants receive their particular Indexing Code-code together with the subgroup A61F 2/0095 (Example: a package for a soft heart valve prosthesis will be classified in A61F 2/0095 (Example: a package for a soft heart valve prosthesis will be classified in A61F 2/0095 and A61F 2/2412).

Filters implantable into blood vessels
Relationships with other classification places

Catheters for removing obstructions in lumina with perfusion capabilities: A61B 17/22

Aspiration catheters: A61M 1/84

Dilation catheters with perfusion capabilities: A61M 2025/1095

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Internal occluding devices

A61B 17/12022

Filters used as gripping instruments

A61B 17/221

Snare instruments

A61B 17/32056

{Distal protection devices, i.e. devices placed distally in combination with another endovascular procedure, e.g. angioplasty or stenting}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/013.

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The other endovascular procedure in addition to the filtering device has to be classified in the appropriate groups such as for example:

Stent or stent-graft delivery devices: A61F 2/95

Balloon catheters: A61M 25/10

Prostheses implantable into the body {(closure means for urethra or rectum or for artificial body openings therefor A61F 2/0004)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Closure means for urethra or rectum or for artificial body openings therefor

A61F 2/0004

{Artificial gland structures using bioreactors (hemodialysis A61M 1/16; hemofiltration A61M 1/34; other extracorporeal blood treatment A61M 1/36)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Devices which replace or supplement a natural gland and deliver enzymes.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Drug delivery

A61K 9/0024

Hemodialysis

A61M 1/16

Hemofiltration

A61M 1/34

Other extracorporeal blood treatment

A61M 1/36

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Bioreactors for enzymes

C12M 1/40

Processes for producing enzymes

C12N 11/00

Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts (A61F 2/18, A61F 2/20 take precedence; devices, other than stent-grafts, providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body other than stent-grafts, e.g. stents A61F 2/82; instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts A61F 2/95)
Relationships with other classification places

Urethral drainage stents: A61M 25/0017

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Internal ear or nose parts

A61F 2/18

Epiglottis, Larynxes Tracheae

A61F 2/20

Stents

A61F 2/82

Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts

A61F 2/95

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Bariatric or gastric sleeves

A61F 5/0076

Tear duct implants

A61F 9/00772

Special rules of classification

Documents receiving a symbol in A61F 2/04 have to receive a further symbol information, such as:

Urinary bladders: A61F 2/042

Oesophageal anti-reflux valves and devices: A61F 2002/044

Tubes in the stomach: A61F 2002/045

Urethrae: A61F 2002/047

{Urinary bladders}
Relationships with other classification places

Drainage implant : A61M 27/002

Blood vessels
Definition statement

This place covers:

Tubular structures that substitute natural blood vessels, e.g. bypass grafts

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Materials for artificial blood vessels

A61L 27/507

Artificial blood vessels as access point for injections e.g. for repeated puncture

A61M 1/3655

Tracheal tubes

A61M 16/00

{Apparatus for the production of blood vessels made from natural tissue or with layers of living cells (prostheses made from natural tissue or living cells A61L 27/507)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Devices for creating vascular grafts by mechanical means.

Relationships with other classification places

Materials containing animal cells: A61L 27/38

Cell culture and products made of cells: C12N 5/00

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Protheses made from natural tissue or living cells

A61L 27/36

Bioreactors for producing artificial tissue or for ex-vivo cultivation of tissue

C12M 21/08

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/062:

media5.png

{with special features to facilitate anastomotic coupling (anastomosis of natural blood vessels A61B 17/11)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

The artificial blood vessel has special technical features, e.g. hooks to provide a connection to a natural or artificial blood vessel.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Anastomosis in general; Anastomosis of natural blood vessels

A61B 17/11

Stent-grafts
Definition statement

This place covers:

Stent-grafts for blood vessels. Stent-grafts are tubular grafts with stents embedded therein or attached to the graft material. The stent-graft for blood vessels is usually deployed within an aneurysm. The stent anchors the graft to the blood vessel wall. The graft is usually made from fabric material

Relationships with other classification places

External clamps or sleeves around an aneurism: A61B 17/12

Reinforcement of blood vessels, e.g. for repeated puncture: A61M 1/3655

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Stent-grafts for tubular structures of the body other than blood vessels

A61F 2/04

Instruments for placement or removal

A61F 2/95

External stent or sleeve around aneurysm

A61B 17/12

Muscles; Tendons; Ligaments {(sutures A61B 17/04)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Artificial muscles implanted in the body

Relationships with other classification places

Tendon anastomosis: A61B 17/1146

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Sutures

A61B 17/04

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Artificial muscles as exoprostheses, i.e. not implanted but outside the body

A61F 2/68 and A61F 2002/5066

Programme-controlled manipulators with muscles or tendons

B25J 9/1075

{Implements for inserting tendons or ligaments}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Guiding means for bone drills

A61B 17/17

{Fixation devices for tendons or ligaments}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Suture anchors

A61B 17/0401

Staples for connecting tendon to bone

A61B 17/0642

Special rules of classification

Documents receiving a class in A61F 2/0811 have to receive a further class information, such as:

Structure of the anchor

A61F 2002/0817

Modular anchors comprising a plurality of separate parts

A61F 2002/0823

without deformation of anchor parts, e.g. fixation screws on bone surface, extending barbs, cams, butterflies, spring-loaded pins

A61F 2002/0829

with deformation of anchor parts, e.g. expansion of dowel by set screw

A61F 2002/0835

Longitudinal channel for insertion tool running through the whole tendon anchor, e.g. for accommodating bone drill, guidewire

A61F 2002/0841

Mode of fixation of anchor to tendon or ligament

A61F 2002/0847

Fixation of a loop or U-turn, e.g. eyelets, anchor having multiple holes

A61F 2002/0852

Fixation of tendon or ligament between anchor and bone, e.g. interference screws, wedges

A61F 2002/0858

Fixation of tendon or ligament between anchor elements, e.g. by additional screws in the anchor, anchor crimped around tendon

A61F 2002/0864

Anchor integrated into tendons, e.g. bone blocks, integrated rings

A61F 2002/087

Position of anchor in respect to the bone

A61F 2002/0876

Anchor in or on top of a bone tunnel, i.e. a hole running through the entire bone

A61F 2002/0882

Anchor in or on a blind hole or on the bone surface without formation of a tunnel

A61F 2002/0888

Hair or skin implants
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Instruments for implanting hair follicles

A61B 17/3468

Hair cells

C12N 5/0627

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Wigs

A41G 3/00

Hair pieces

A41G 5/00

{Skin implants, e.g. artificial skin}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Skin cells

C12N 5/0698

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Materials for use in artificial skin

A61L 27/60

Mammary prostheses and implants
Relationships with other classification places

External mammary prostheses: A61F 2/52

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Devices for expanding tissue

A61B 90/02

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/12

media6.png

Example for mammary support implant: WO2007004214 media7.png

Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; {Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor}; Artificial eyes
Definition statement

This place covers:

All eye prostheses and replacement parts not provided for in the subclasses

Relationships with other classification places

Retinal electrodes: A61N 1/0526

Retinal implants: A61N 1/36046

Removable contact lenses: G02C 7/04

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Artificial eyes (making thereof from organic plastic material)

B29C, B29D 11/02

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Packages or dispensers for prostheses or other implants in general

A61F 2/0095

Exercisers for the eye

A61H 5/00

{Artificial eyes}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Surgical instruments for osteosynthesis of orbital bone

A61B 17/6433

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/141

media8.png

{Cornea, e.g. artificial corneae, keratoprostheses or corneal implants for repair of defective corneal tissue}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Artificial or natural cornea replacement implant for repair of defective corneal tissue.

media9.png

Relationships with other classification places

Implantation instruments therefor: A61F 2/148

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Optically active corneal inlay or onlays for refractive correction

A61F 2/145

Corneal implants for refractive correction by alteration of the shape of the cornea

A61F 2/147

{Corneal inlays, onlays, or lenses for refractive correction}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Optically active elements inserted between corneal layers for refractive correction.

media11.png

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Corneal onlays and inlays for photoablative laser surgery

A61F 9/00812

Corneal onlays and inlays for photodisruptive laser surgery

A61F 9/00834

Reshaping the cornea assisted by thermal and/or chemical treatment and the like

A61F9/012

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Contact lenses for reshaping the cornea, i.e. orthokeratology

G02C 7/04

{Implants to be inserted in the stroma for refractive correction, e.g. ring-like implants}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Stromal or corneal implants, in general at least partial rings, shaping the cornea for refractive correction.

media13.jpg

Relationships with other classification places

Contact lenses for reshaping the cornea, i.e. orthokeratology: G02C 7/04

{Implantation instruments specially adapted therefor}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Implantation instruments for corneal implants altering the shape of the cornea for refractive correction

media14.png

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Implantation instruments for intraocular lenses

A61F 2/1662

Intraocular lenses
Definition statement

This place covers:

An intraocular lens (IOL) is an optically active element implanted in the eye, either replacing a removed natural crystalline lens (aphakic) or for additional refractive correction of the existing crystalline lens (phakic) or a separate artificial IOL (pseudo-phakic).

An intraocular prism shifting the image on the retina slightly away from the fovea (e.g. in case of macular degeneration) is considered as an IOL.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Mirrors and prisms in general

G02C 7/14

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Phakia

the presence of the natural crystalline lens.

Aphakia

the absence of the natural crystalline lens, either from natural causes or because it has been removed.

Pseudophakia

substitution of the natural crystalline lens with a synthetic lens.

Pseudophakic IOLs

are used in cataract surgery

{Corrective lenses for use in addition to the natural lenses of the eyes or for pseudo-phakic eyes}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Corrective lenses for phakic or pseudophakic eyes.

PN - US2002103537 A1 20020801

media15.png

media16.png

media17.png

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Intraocular lenses for replacing the natural cristalline lens

A61F 2/1613

Special rules of classification

Piggyback lenses: additional IOL for "fine tuning" already implanted IOL (pseudophakic), A61F 2/1602 (& A61F 2/1648) & A61F 2/1613

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Phakic eye:

having natural crystalline lens

Pseudophakic eye

having an artificial lens replacing the natural crystalline lens

{having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Having special lens configuration and particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative, having variable focus, aberration correcting, multipart, diffractive, variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation.

{Pseudo-accommodative, e.g. multifocal or enabling monovision}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Pseudo-accommodative IOL having fixed power or power distribution, the brain selects the sharp image formed on the retina, neglecting blurred images.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Accommodative IOL having variable focal power

A61F 2/1624

{Multifocal lenses}
Definition statement

This place covers:

A plurality of different but fixed powers usually distributed on concentric circles, bifocal lenses are comprised

media18.png

{enabling correction for monovision}
Definition statement

This place covers:

A different lens in each eye, with different foci, e.g. to enable near and far vision.

Term referring to a method of correcting presbyopia by using a lens corrected for distance in one eye (usually the dominant one) and a lens corrected for near in the other eye. Binocular vision is impaired with this method, especially stereoscopic vision. It is assumed that at any time one eye is focused while the other is not and the cortical visual system suppresses this latter image.

[Image taken from WIKIPEDIA]

media19.jpg

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Monovision in general

G02C

{having adjustable focus; power activated variable focus means, e.g. mechanically or electrically by the ciliary muscle or from the outside}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Actuated by external means as e.g. mechanically, by electrical or magnetic fields, or by an internal mechanisms of the eye, as e.g. mechanically or electrically by ciliary body action or by pupillary constriction (accommodating IOL).

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Pseudo-accommodative lenses simultaneously offering distinct foci to the brain

A61F 2/1616

{for changing index of refraction, e.g. by external means or by tilting}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Crosslinked regions of a polymeric lens have increased volume, and hence increased refractive index and increased dioptre power,

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Photosensitive materials with macromolecular compounds as photosensing material in general

G03C 1/733

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/1627

e.g. WO2009124231

media20.png

media21.png

For polymeric materials capable of changing focal power in response to crosslinking: A61F 2/1627 and A61F 2/1635 (or A61F 2/1635 and A61F 2/1627 depending on which effect is identified as dominant)

{for changing longitudinal position, i.e. along the visual axis when implanted}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Single optical elements changing position along its optical axis (like a slide machine) or more than one optical elements changing relative distance to alter the focal power.

media22.png

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Changing position perpendicularly to longitudinal axis

A61F 2/1632

Special rules of classification

For more than one optically active element

A61F 2/1629, A61F 2/1648

For one or more optically active element and one or more optically inactive additional elements like e.g. movement arms

A61F 2/1629, A61F 2/1648

{for changing radial position, i.e. perpendicularly to the visual axis when implanted}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Changing position vertically to visual axis, either one single optical element having irregular power distribution or at least two optic elements changing relative radial position

media23.png

Special rules of classification

For more than one optical element: A61F 2/1632 and A61F 2/1648

{for changing shape}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Changing either shape or curvature of an external surface of the lens or e.g. of an internal interface between to immiscible fluids having different index of refraction.

media24.png

Special rules of classification

Two media having different optical properties (e.g. refractive index): A61F 2250/0053

{Correcting aberrations caused by inhomogeneities; correcting intrinsic aberrations, e.g. of the cornea, of the surface of the natural lens, aspheric, cylindrical, toric lenses}
Definition statement

This place covers:

IOL adapted for correcting higher order optical errors either by a particular form or by particular treatment of the refracting surfaces

Special rules of classification

Aspheric IOL

A61F 2/164

Cylindrical IOL

A61F 2/1643

Toric IOL

A61F 2/1645

Special surface

A61F 2210/0076

{Multipart lenses}
Definition statement

This place covers:

At least two optically active components.

media25.png

Relationships with other classification places

Principle of different correction for the two eyes (far/near, colours, arrangement of power zones) in general: G02C

Special rules of classification

At least one optically active and at least one optically inactive component, both necessary for the performance of the IOL assembly: A61F 2/1648

Made from materials having different optical properties (e.g. index of refraction) : A61F 2250/0053

{Diffractive lenses}
Definition statement

This place covers:

IOL having at least one diffractive element

media26.png

Relationships with other classification places

Ophthalmic lenses having diffractive optical surfaces in general: G02C

IOL comprising a Fresnel lens, prism or plate: A61F 2/1656

{Fresnel lenses, prisms or plates}
Definition statement

This place covers:

The Fresnel lens reduces the amount of material required compared to a conventional spherical lens by dividing the lens into a set of concentric annular sections known as Fresnel zones.

media27.png

{having variable absorption coefficient for electromagnetic radiation, e.g. photochromic lenses}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Microscopically and macroscopically variable absorption, i.e. due to modification of the structure or variable size of an opening in an opaque medium (e.g. for increasing depth of focus).

media28.png

Special rules of classification

Radiopaque

K61F250/00W93

{Instruments for inserting intraocular lenses into the eye}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Any kind of instrument for inserting IOL in an eye during surgery for implantation

Relationships with other classification places

Instruments for inserting mechanical ocular implants : A61F 2/148

Instruments for directly injecting therapeutic agents or drug eluting implants in an eye: A61F 9/0008

{for manual insertion during surgery, e.g. forceps-like instruments}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Instruments for manually (folding) and inserting an IOL in an eye during surgery, e.g. forceps-like

media29.png

For manual insertion during surgery, e.g. forceps-like instruments, tweezers

{with rotatable plungers}
Definition statement

This place covers:

IOL insertion instrument having a plunger for moving and ejecting the IOL actuated by rotation

media30.png

{with pushable plungers}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Instruments for inserting an IOL in an eye during surgery, the plunger for moving and ejecting the IOL being actuated by being pushed

media31.png

{with a two-stage plunger, e.g. rotatable and pushable or rotatable at different speeds}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Instruments for inserting an IOL in an eye having a plunger that allows for different kind of actuation e.g. for advancing and for ejecting the IOL

media32.png

{with a lubricated inner surface, e.g. the lubricant being coated on the inner surface or being injected through a port}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Insertion instruments having a lubricated surface, e.g. of the barrel, the loading chamber, the folding section or the ejecting nozzle, for reducing friction

media33.png

{with a separate cartridge or other lens setting part for storage of a lens, e.g. preloadable for shipping}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Insertion device having a separate cartridge, e.g. for storing (pre-packing) or for compaction of lens in order to avoid contamination due to handling of the IOL during loading in the inserter.

media34.png

Relationships with other classification places

Packages or dispensers for IOL: A61F 2/1691

{Packages or dispensers for intraocular lenses (for contact lenses A45C 11/005)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Packages and holders for IOL ; individual containers or packages suitable for encasing and/or securing intraocular lenses e.g. for shipping and/or storage before implantation media35.png

Relationships with other classification places

IOL insertion instruments having a separate cartridge: A61F 2/1678

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Packages and holders for contact lenses

A45C 11/005

{Capsular bag spreaders therefor}
Special rules of classification

Implantable holder for an, e.g. exchangeable, IOL

A61F 2/1694, A61F 2/1648

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/1694.

For example ring-shaped elements for supporting or stretching the capsular bag for easier implantation of an IOL media36.png

Internal ear or nose parts, e.g. ear-drums {(implants for middle ear ventilation or drainage A61F 11/202)}
Special rules of classification

Implants for middle ear ventilation or drainage

A61F 11/202

Cochlear electrodes

A61N 1/0541

{Nose parts}
Special rules of classification

Implants for plugging a hole in a nasal septum: A61B 17/0057

Orthopaedic devices for correcting deformities of the nose: A61F 5/08

{Epiglottis}; Larynxes; Tracheae combined with larynxes or for use therewith (tracheae, bronchi per se A61F 2/04 {; tracheostomy tubes A61M 16/0465})
Special rules of classification

Tracheae, bronchi per se: A61F 2/04

Tracheostomy tubes: A61M 16/0465

Heart valves {; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices as this is the most suitable place for.

References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Esophageal, Lung/bronchial valves

A61F 2/2476

Plugging a cardiac septal defect

A61B 17/0057

Motor for/with heart valve

A61M 60/871

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Valvuloplasty

A61B 2017/00783

Apical access devices / heart ports

A61B 2017/3425

{with pivoting rigid closure members (check valves with hinged closure members in general F16K 15/03)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Check valves with hinged closure members in general

F16K 15/03

{Support rings therefor, e.g. for connecting valves to tissue (annuloplasty rings A61F 2/2442)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Sewing rings

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Annuloplasty rings

A61F 2/2442

{with soft flexible valve members, e.g. tissue valves shaped like natural valves (check valves with flexible valve members in general F16K 15/14)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Check valves with flexible valve members in general

F16K 15/14

Special rules of classification

Two part valves with a docking frame into which a valve is mounted during surgery get both A61F 2/2418 and A61F 2250/006 (modular).

{Manufacturing methods}
Definition statement

This place covers:

In particular cutting and forming of the prosthetic valve leaflets.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Surgical cutting instruments for a heart valve

A61B 17/32

{Scaffolds therefor, e.g. support stents}
Definition statement

This place covers:

This class includes features of the valve leaflets (e.g. geometrical) in relation to their fixation to the scaffold:

media37.png

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Annular rigid support rings

A61F 2/2409

Stents used for opening blocked vessels

A61F 2/82

Special rules of classification

Stents solely used for heart valves do not get a class in A61F 2/82 but may get codes (additional information).

Two part valves with a docking frame into which a valve is mounted during surgery get both A61F 2/2418 and A61F 2250/006 (modular).

Stent-like anchor members (no class in A61F 2/82 and subgroups is given additionally, except if a stent without valve is explicitly mentioned)

{Devices for manipulating or deploying heart valves during implantation}
References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Delivery devices for annuloplasty implants or for inserts in the coronary sinus for correcting the valve shape or for implants for improving the function of a native heart valve

A61F 2/2466

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Handle mechanisms

A61F 2/9517

Heart valve crimping devices

A61F 2/9522

{Deployment by mechanical expansion}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/243

media38.png

If an additional retractable sheath is mentioned also a code (additional information) is given A61F 2/2436.

{Expansion controlled by filaments}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/2439

media39.png

{Annuloplasty rings or inserts for correcting the valve shape; Implants for improving the function of a native heart valve}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Staples connected by a thread for plicating the annulus

A61B 17/064, A61B 2017/00783, A61B 2017/00243

Devices for joining two adjacent leaflets at a single point, e.g. clips

A61B 17/064, A61B 17/08

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Plugging a cardiac septal defect

A61B 17/0057

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/2442

media40.png

{Annuloplasty rings in direct contact with the valve annulus}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/2445

media41.png

Springs for tensioning or expanding the annulus:

media42.png

{Inserts in the coronary sinus for correcting the valve shape}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Inserts not only in the coronary sinus but also in other coronary vessels.

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{Means for preventing inversion of the valve leaflets, e.g. chordae tendineae prostheses}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/2454

media44.png

media45.png

{Chordae tendineae prostheses}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/2457

media46.png

Valves with soft leaflets with artificial chordae get a class in both A61F 2/2412 (subclass where appropriate) and A61F 2/2457

{Devices for obstructing a leak through a native valve in a closed condition}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Plugs per se

A61B 17/12022

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/246

media47.png

media48.png

{Implants forming part of the valve leaflets}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/246

media49.png

{with resilient valve members, e.g. conical spiral}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/2469

media50.png

{Devices for testing}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Devices for testing the proper functioning of the prosthetic valve in vivo or in vitro

{Venous valves}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Also annuloplasty devices for venous valves and springs inside or outside the vein for reshaping the annulus.

Special rules of classification

Annuloplasty devices for venous valves and springs inside or outside the vein for reshaping the annulus. Those also get the appropriate class in A61F 2/2442. Venous valves do not get a class in A61F 2/06 or A61F 2/07

{Devices outside the heart wall, e.g. bags, strips or bands}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Bags outside the heart wall:

media51.png

Heart splints:

media52.png

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Active ventricular assist devices, i.e. heartbags with motor

A61M 60/268

Special rules of classification

Heart splints, i.e. two anchors connected by string to reduce heart volume: A61B 2017/048

Devices for improving valve function being external to the heart wall adjacent to the valve annulus: A61F 2/2442

{Devices within the heart chamber, e.g. splints}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Also internal heart bags/meshes that pull the heart wall inside (e.g. equipped with barbs).

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Membranes dividing the heart chamber volume into an active and a passive part

A61B 17/00234, A61B 17/12022

Barbs, anchors per se

A61B 17/04

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/2487

media53.png

{Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Also implants for revascularising the myocardium, e.g. screws.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

By-pass connections, i.e. connections from heart chamber to blood vessel or from blood vessel to blood vessel

A61B 2017/00252

Anastomosis

A61B 17/11

Side-to-side connections, i.e. shunts between vessels (clips without an elongate tubular middle part)

A61B 2017/1139

{Devices for determining the dimensions of the prosthetic valve to be implanted, e.g. templates, sizers}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Also templates for artificial heart valves, annuloplasty rings or other heart implants.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Measuring per se

A61B 5/107

Penis implants
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

External devices for promoting erection

A61F 5/41

Special rules of classification

If inflatable do not classify in A61F 2250/0003

Bones (joints A61F 2/30)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Prosthetic bones, i.e. implants for replacing bones or parts of bones.

Relationships with other classification places

Surgical implants which are not prosthetic, but added to the natural bone, are classified in A61B 17/00. Examples classified in A61B 17/00 are: Bone plates, bone screws, bone fixators, devices for injection of materials into bone.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Means for introducing bone substitute, for implanting bone graft implants or for compacting them in the bone cavity

A61F 2/4601

Devices for grinding or milling bone material

A61F 2/4644

Anatomical models for scientific, medical or mathematical purposes

G09B 23/30

Special rules of classification

Additional information is classified under A61F 2002/30001 - A61F 2/48 and A61F 2310/00. Any additional information which may be useful for search must be completely classified.

{for mandibular reconstruction (temporo-mandibular joints A61F 2/3099; bone plates for the jaw A61B 17/8071)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Skull or cranium

A61F 2/2875

Temporo-mandibular joints

A61F 2/3099

Bone plates for the jaw

A61B 17/8071

Periodontal bone regeneration for consolidating natural teeth

A61C 8/0006

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/2803

media54.png

{Bone stump caps}
Relationships with other classification places

Devices for attachment of external prostheses to bone stumps are classified in both A61F 2/2814 and A61F 2/78.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Means for attaching external orthopedic prostheses to the body

A61F 2/78

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/2814

media55.png

{Support means for bone substitute or for bone graft implants, e.g. membranes or plates for covering bone defects (nets or sleeves applied to surface of endoprostheses A61F 2/30907; bone plates A61B 17/80; bone regeneration in dental surgery A61C 8/0006)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Nets or sleeves applied to surface of endoprostheses

A61F 2/30907

Bone plates

A61B 17/80

Bone regeneration in dental surgery

A61C 8/0006

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/2846

media56.png

{for cadavers (devices for autopsy A61B 16/00)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Devices for autopsy

A61B 16/00

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/2857

media57.png

{Skull or cranium (A61F 2/2803 and A61F 2/3099 take precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

For mandibular reconstruction

A61F 2/2803

Temporo-mandibular joints

A61F 2/3099

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/2875

media58.png

Joints
Definition statement

This place covers:

Prosthetic joints, i.e. implants for replacing joints or parts of joints. The classes A61F 2/30 - A61F 2/46 comprise:

Hip joints

Knee and elbow joints

Shoulder joints

Wrist, ankle, finger and toe joints

Vertebrae and vertebral joints

Tools for implanting or extracting prosthetic joints

Operating or control means

Accessories

Cartilage endoprostheses

Special articulating or bone contacting surfaces

Relationships with other classification places

Surgical implants which are not prosthetic, but added to the natural joint, are classified in A61B 17/00. Examples classified in A61B 17/00 are: Devices implanted between the natural articulating surfaces, devices implanted adjacent a natural joint for stabilising it.

A61F 2/30 contains implantable devices for replacing anatomical joints.

Special rules of classification

Additional information is classified under A61F 2/30 - A61F 2/48. Any additional information which may be useful for search must be completely classified.

Additional information concerning a particular anatomical joint is classified under the corresponding subgroup (A61F 2/32 - A61F 2/48).

Additional information concerning accessories is classified under A61F 2/30721.

Additional information concerning cartilage endoprostheses is classified under A61F 2/30756.

Additional information concerning external or bone-contacting surfaces of joint or bone prostheses is classified under A61F 2/30767.

Additional information concerning manufacturing of endoprostheses is classified under A61F 2/3094.

Additional information concerning anatomical joints not covered by A61F 2/32 - A61F 2/44 is classified under A61F 2/30988.

Further additional information applicable for joint or bone prostheses is classified under A61F 2002/30003 - A61F 2002/30667.

Additional information concerning the use of particular materials in joint or bone prostheses is classified under A61F 2310/00.

Additional information for which classes exist in neighbouring fields, is coded in said fields, e.g.

{Plugs or restrictors for sealing a cement-receiving space (tools for inserting plugs A61F 2/4614; sealing collars for use during cementing A61B 17/8808)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Tools for inserting plugs

A61F 2/4614

Sealing collars for use during cementing

A61B 17/8808

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/30723

media59.png

{Spacers for centering an implant in a bone cavity, e.g. in a cement-receiving cavity}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/30724

media60.png

{Collars; Bone edge protectors (A61F 2/30734 takes precedence; sealing collars for use during cementing A61B 17/8808)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Modular inserts, sleeves or augments

A61F 2/30734

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Sealing collars for use during cementing

A61B 17/8808

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/30728

media61.pngmedia62.png

{Modular inserts, sleeves or augments, e.g. placed on proximal part of stem for fixation purposes or wedges for bridging a bone defect}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/30734

media63.png

{Devices connected to the proximal part of an endoprosthetic femoral shaft for reinforcing or replacing the trochanters, e.g. the greater trochanter (proximal parts of endoprosthetic femoral shafts A61F 2/367; non-prosthetic trochanteric devices A61B 17/74)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Proximal parts of endoprosthetic femoral shafts

A61F 2/367

Non-prosthetic trochanteric devices

A61F 2/74

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/30739

media64.png

{Bellows or hose-like seals; Sealing membranes (A61B 17/8808 takes precedence; sealing membranes for retaining bone substitute A61F 2/2846)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Tool for implantation with bone cement and with sealing collar for bone cavity

A61B 17/8808

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Sealing membranes for retaining bone substitute

A61F 2/2846

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/30742

media65.png

{End caps, e.g. for closing an endoprosthetic cavity}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/30744

media66.png

{Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Cartilage endoprostheses

A61F 2/30756

{Cartilage endoprostheses (A61F 2/3603 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Femoral heads implanted without ablation of the shole natural femoral head

A61F 2/3603

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/30756

media67.png

{Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Materials for coating prostheses

A61L 27/28

{applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves}
Definition statement

This place covers:

The following figures show an illustrative example of subject matter classified here. Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a surgical implant (1) having a structured surface (2) for contact with bone tissue. A plurality of cavities (3) are mechanically produced on surface (2). The cavities (3) are provided with an undercut (5). Figure 2 is a top view on the surface region of the surgical implant shown in figure 1.

media153.png

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Etching into the surface

A61F 2/30767

{for designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, CT or NMR scans, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Computer-assisted sizing or machining of dental prostheses

A61C 13/0004

CAD-CAM techniques per se

G05B 19/4097

{for temporo-mandibular [TM, TMJ] joints (endoprostheses for mandibular reconstruction A61F 2/2803)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Endoprostheses for mandibular reconstruction

A61F 2/2803

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/3099

media69.png

Acetabular cups
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/34

media70.png

Femoral heads {; Femoral endoprostheses}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/36media71.png

{for replacing only the epiphyseal or metaphyseal parts of the femur, e.g. endoprosthetic femoral heads or necks directly fixed to the natural femur by internal fixation devices (non-prosthetic internal fixation devices for the femoral head or neck A61B 17/74)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Non-prosthetic internal fixation devices for the femoral head or neck

A61B 17/74

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/3601media72.png

{implanted without ablation of the whole natural femoral head (endoprosthetic cartilage A61F 2/30756)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Endoprosthetic cartilage

A61F 2/30756

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/3603

media73.png

{including proximal or total replacement of the femur}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/3607

media74.png

{Femoral heads or necks; Connections of endoprosthetic heads or necks to endoprosthetic femoral shafts (A61F 2/3601 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Femoral endoprostheses for replacing only the epiphyseal or metahpyseal parts of the femur

A61F 2/3601

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/3609

media75.pngmedia76.jpg

{Femoral shafts}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/3662

media77.pngmedia78.jpg

{Proximal or metaphyseal parts of shafts (trochanteric devices connected to said proximal parts A61F 2/30739)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Trochanteric devices connected to said proximal parts

A61F 2/30739

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/367

media80.png

{Intermediate parts of shafts}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/3672

media81.png

{Distal or diaphyseal parts of shafts}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/3676

media82.png

for elbows or knees
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/38

media83.png

{for elbows}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/3804

media84.png

{Femoral components}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/3859

media85.png

{with sliding tibial bearing}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/3868

media86.png

{Meniscus for implantation between the natural bone surfaces}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/3872

media87.png

{Patellae or trochleae}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/3877

media88.png

{for stabilising knees against anterior or lateral dislocations}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Knee prostheses with sliding tibial bearing

A61F 2/3868

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/3886

media89.png

{Tibial components (A61F 2/3868 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Knee prostheses with sliding tibial bearing

A61F 2/3868

for shoulders
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/40

media90.png

{Replacing only the epiphyseal or metaphyseal parts of the humerus, i.e. endoprosthesis not comprising an entire humeral shaft (replacing only the epiphyseal or metaphyseal parts of the femur A61F 2/3601)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Replacing only the epiphyseal or metaphyseal parts of the femur

A61F 2/3601

{Humeral heads or necks; Connections of endoprosthetic heads or necks to endoprosthetic humeral shafts}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/4014

media91.png

{Humeral shafts}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/4059

media92.png

{Glenoid components, e.g. cups}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/4081

media93.png

for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/44

media94.jpgmedia95.jpg

{for apophyseal or facet joints, i.e. between adjacent spinous or transverse processes (devices implanted between spinous or transverse processes A61B 17/7062)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • facet joint prostheses,
  • facet joint fusion implants, if the implant replaces the joint.

media152.png

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Devices implanted between spinous or transverse processes

A61B 17/7062

{made of inflatable pockets or chambers filled with fluid, e.g. with hydrogel}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/441

media97.jpgmedia98.jpg

{Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient (non-disc-shaped intervertebral inflatable pockets A61F 2/441; non-disc-shaped intervertebral fusion implants A61F 2/4455)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Non-disc-shaped intervertebral inflatable pockets

A61F 2/441

Intervertebral fusion implants

A61F 2/4455

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/442

media99.jpg

{made of articulated components}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/4425

media100.jpg

{for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages (intervertebral discs A61F 2/442)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Intervertebral discs

A61F 2/442

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/4455

media101.jpg

{having a circular or elliptical cross-section substantially parallel to the axis of the spine, e.g. cylinders or frustocones}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/446

media102.jpg

{having a circular or kidney shaped cross-section substantially perpendicular to the axis of the spine}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/4465

media103.jpgmedia104.jpg

{substantially parallelepipedal, e.g. having a rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/447

media105.jpgmedia106.jpg

Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Surgical instruments

A61B 17/00

{for introducing bone substitute, for implanting bone graft implants or for compacting them in the bone cavity}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

For introducing bone cement

A61B 17/8802

{of elbows}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/4605

media107.png

{of hip femoral endoprostheses}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/4607

media108.png

{of acetabular cups}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/4609

media109.png

{of knees}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/461

media110.png

{of spinal prostheses}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/4611

media111.jpg

{of shoulders}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/4612

media112.png

{of plugs for sealing a cement-receiving space}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/4614

media113.png

{of cartilage}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/4618

media114.png

{for connecting or disconnecting two parts of a prosthesis}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/4637

media115.png

For the concerned anatomical joint, as additional information, a classification symbol in A61F 2/30 - A61F 2/44 is given.

{Preparation of bone graft, bone plugs or bone dowels, e.g. grinding or milling bone material (bone material A61F 2/28; disintegrating or milling devices B02C)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Surgical bone cutting instruments for harvesting bone graft

A61B 17/1635

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Bone prostheses

A61F 2/28

Bone as a prosthesis material

A61F 2310/00359

Disintegrating or milling devices

B02C

Cutting in general

B26D

{Measuring instruments used for implanting artificial joints (for surgical instruments A61B 90/06)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

For surgical instruments

A61B 90/06

Special rules of classification

For the concerned anatomical joint, as additional information, a classification symbol in A61F 2/30 - A61F 2/44 is given.

{for cleaning or coating bones, e.g. bone cavities, prior to endoprosthesis implantation or bone cement introduction (for cleaning teeth cavities A61C 17/00; irrigators A61M 3/02)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

For cleaning teeth cavities

A61C 17/00

Irrigators

A61M 3/02

{Testing instruments for artificial joints (for testing non-implantable prostheses A61F 2/76)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

For testing non-implantable prostheses

A61F 2/76

Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress

G01N 3/00

Special rules of classification

For the concerned anatomical joint, as additional information, a classification symbol in A61F 2/30 - A61F 2/44 is given.

{Trial or dummy prostheses}
Special rules of classification

For the concerned anatomical joint, as additional information, a classification symbol in A61F 2/30 - A61F 2/44 is given.

Prostheses not implantable in the body {(closure means for urethra or rectum or for artificial body openings therefor A61F 2/0004)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body, which are NOT implantable in the body, as well as fitting and attaching measures for such devices.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Closure means for urethra or rectum or for artificial body openings therefor

A61F 2/0004

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Implantable devices

A61F 2/01, A61F 2/02

Bone stump

A61F 2/2814

Orthopaedic devices

A61F 5/01

Brassieres

A41C 3/00

Programme-controlled manipulators

B25J 9/00

Exoskeleton

B25J 9/0006

Gripping heads

B25J 15/00

Joints

B25J 17/00

Arms

B25J 18/00

Special rules of classification

Designing or making customized prostheses, e.g. using templates, finite-element analysis or CAD-CAM techniques: A61F 2/5046

Prostheses which are not implantable; e.g. upper and lower artificial limbs, or mammary prostheses: A61F 2/54, A61F 2/60, A61F 2/52

Operating or control means for such prostheses: A61F 2/68

Means for assembling, fitting or testing prostheses: A61F 2/76

Means for attaching such prostheses to the body: A61F 2/78

Note: Additional information is classified under A61F 2/50 - A61F 2/80.

Bioelectric control, e.g. myoelectric
Relationships with other classification places

The bioelectrical control may be in response to physiological signals or parameters recorded from the body as found in A61B 5/389 or A61B 5/4851.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric signals of the body or parts thereof

A61B 5/24

Electromyography

A61B 5/389

Means for protecting prostheses or for attaching them to the body, e.g. bandages, harnesses, straps, or stockings for the limb stump
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of stumps after amputation

A61F 2007/0051

Special rules of classification

Prosthetic liners or sockets with a heating or cooling function should also be classified under A61F 2007/0051 as Additional Information.

Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents (stent-grafts for tubular structures of the body other than blood vessels A61F 2/04; stent-grafts for blood vessels A61F 2/07; instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts A61F 2/95; for closing wounds, or holding wounds closed A61B 17/04 - A61B 17/115; dilators A61M 29/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Stents with tubular structures deployed within a stenosis in order to widen and support the vessel. The stent is usually made from a rigid material like metal or polymer.

Illustrative examples for classification:

media116.png

A61F 2/82 /low (specific stent class) A61F 2002/065, A61F 2002/828 (means for connecting a plurality of stents)

media117.png

A61F 2/82 /low (specific stent class) A61F 2002/067, A61F 2002/828, A61F 2/856 :If it is not clear if there is a portal or if there are 2 stents connected, classify both possibilities

Relationships with other classification places

Stent Manufacturing:

Laser cutting

B23K 26/00

Etching

C23F 1/00

Bending sheets of metals for making tubes

B21D 5/10

Injection Moulding

B29C 45/00

Moulds or cores

B29C 33/00

Wire-working in the manufacture of stents (e.g. bending around mandrel)

B21F 45/008

Stent braiding

D04C 1/00

Electroplating, tubes

C25D 7/04

Coating by spraying

B05B 17/00

Materials for stents

A61L 31/00

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Stent-grafts for blood vessels

A61F 2/07

Instruments for placement or removal of stents or stent grafts

A61F 2/95

Closing wounds, or holding wounds closed

A61B 17/04A61B 17/115

Dilators

A61M 29/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Stent-grafts for tubular structures of the body other than blood vessels

A61F 2/04

Urinary catheters

A61M 25/0017

Special rules of classification

The following additional information is given to stents when appropriate:

Ostial stents

A61F 2002/821

Stents, different from stent-grafts, adapted to cover an aneurysm

A61F 2002/823

having longitudinal struts

A61F 2002/825

more than one stent being applied sequentially

A61F 2002/826

Means for connecting a plurality of stents allowing flexibility of the whole structure

A61F 2002/828

folded prior to deployment
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/844

media118.png

having means for fixation to the vessel wall, e.g. barbs

The following additional information is given to stents when appropriate:

Barbs

A61F 2002/8483

provided on at least one of the ends

A61F 2002/8486

Two or more distinct overlapping stents
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/852

media119.png

Single tubular stent with a side portal passage
Definition statement

This place covers:

Single tubular stent with a passage in side of the stent for allowing access to secondary lumen (see passage 60 in the example drawing).

media120.png

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Stents or stent-grafts having a Y-shape

A61F 2002/065

the wire-like elements formed as helical or spiral coils (forming a net-like or mesh-like structure A61F 2/90)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Nets formed from intersecting coils

A61F 2/90

{comprising a coil including a plurality of spiral or helical sections with alternate directions around a central axis}
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/885

media121.png

the wire-like elements comprising two or more adjacent rings flexibly connected by separate members
Definition statement

This place covers:

Single, discrete rings joined by a connector.

Stent rings which are connected in order to allow flexibility of the whole structure (see connectors (4) between stent rings (2) in the example drawing).

media122.png

media123.png

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Stent-grafts

A61F 2/07

Means for connecting a plurality of stents allowing flexibility of the whole structure

A61F 2002/828

Stents having meander bands being connected to each other by struts

A61F 2/915

Illustrative example of a document classified in A61F 2002/828 and not A61F 2/89 to demonstrate the difference between both groups:

US2009/0254164 A

media124.png

A61F 2002/828 : Stents must be "standing alone" structures (in the absence of the connector, they would still accomplish their supporting function). Do not give A61F 2250/006 "modular" if they are joined (single structure).

Illustrative example of a document classified in A61F 2/915 and not A61F 2/89 to demonstrate the difference between both groups:

US2009105809

media125.png

Special rules of classification

The following additional information is given to stents when appropriate:

Frangible connectors

A61F 2250/0071

Biodegradable covering or connection

A61F 2210/0004

characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Woven tubular fabrics

D03D 3/02

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/90

media126.png

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:

  • "net", "net-like", "mesh" and "mesh-like"
made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
Definition statement

This place covers:

Stents made from perforated sheet material or tubes. Perforated sheet material or tubes are created by methods including, for example, laser cutting, etching or some other techniques.

media127.png

with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other
Definition statement

This place covers:

Stents having a meander or wave-like pattern. The stent comprises several meander bands. Each meander band forms peaks and throughs. The bands are connected to each other by struts (see connector 50 between bands 40 and 60 in the example drawing) or directly connected without struts.

media128.png

Special rules of classification

The meander structure receives further additional classification:

The meander having a difference in amplitude along the band: A61F 2002/91508

The meander having a change in frequency along the band: A61F 2002/91516

Within the whole structure different bands showing different meander characteristics, e.g. frequency or amplitude: A61F 2002/91525

Characterised by the phase between adjacent bands: A61F 2002/91533

Adjacent bands are arranged out of phase: A61F 2002/91541

Adjacent bands being connected to each other: A61F 2002/9155

Adjacent bands being connected peak to peak, i.e. bridge with each end connected to a convex side of an apex: A61F 2002/91558

Adjacent bands being connected trough to trough, i.e. bridge with each end connected to a concave side of an apex: A61F 2002/91566

Adjacent bands being connected peak to trough, i.e. bridge with one end connected to a convex side of an apex and with the other end connected to a concave side of an apex: A61F 2002/91575

Adjacent bands being connected by a bridge, whereby at least one of its ends is connected along the length of a strut between two consecutive apices within a band: A61F 2002/91583

Locking connectors, e.g. using male-female connections: A61F 2002/91591

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

An amplitude is: media129.png

Frequency:

Sinusoidal waves of various frequencies; the bottom waves have higher frequencies than those above. The horizontal axis represents time.

media130.jpg

Stents in the form of a rolled-up sheet expanding after insertion into the vessel {, e.g. with a spiral shape in cross-section}
Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:

  • "rolled-up" and "coiled"
circumferentially expandable by using ratcheting locks
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/93

media131.png

Stents retaining their form, i.e. not being deformable, after placement in the predetermined place
Definition statement

This place covers:

media132.png

hardenable, e.g. stents formed in situ
Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 2/945

media133.png

Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Means for mounting a stent or stent-graft onto or into a placement instrument

A61F 2/9522

Instruments for placing occluding devices

A61B 17/12022

Handles for angioplasty balloon inflation

A61M 25/1018

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Having retaining means other than an outer sleeve, e.g. male-female connector between stent or stent-graft and instrument

A61F 2002/9505

The retaining means being filaments or wires

A61F 2002/9511

Handle assemblies therefor

A61F 2/9517

For retrieval of stents or stent-grafts

A61F 2002/9528

For repositioning of stents or stent-grafts

A61F 2002/9534

Closing wounds, or holding wounds closed

A61B 17/04 - A61B 17/115

Catheters; hollow probes

A61M 25/00

for placing stents or stent-grafts in a bifurcation
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Stents or stent-grafts having a Y-shape

A61F 2002/065

Special rules of classification

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in A61F 2/954

and in particular to point out the differences between stents and their delivery devices having a secondary lumen or bifurcation:

media134.png

WO 02/056799

media135.png

media136.pngEP1031325 A

A61F 2/856 only if stent is not described A61F 2/954 (class for delivery device for bifurcations)

media137.pngUS2001/0003161

A61F 2/954, A61F 2/856, A61F 2250/006 modular if further stents are applied NEVER A61F 2002/065 These are not Y shaped

EP0904746media138.png

A61F 2/954, A61F 2/856 eventually A61F 2250/0039 (differing in diameter)

media139.png

A61F 2/954, A61F 2/82/low or A61F 2/82 /lowspecific stent class or additional information A61F 2002/067 :This additional information can be given in exceptional cases like this one, where the vessel is Y shaped even though there are no 3 distinctive stents present.

media140.png WO2006/036319

A61F 2/856, A61F 2/954, A61F 2002/821 (ostial) A61F 2/852 (overlapping)

media116.pngFR2733689

A61F 2/82 /low (specific stent class) A61F 2002/065, A61F 2002/828 (means for connecting a plurality of stents)

media117.png US5749825

A61F 2/82 /low (specific stent class) A61F 2002/067, A61F 2002/828, A61F 2/856 :If it is not clear if there is a portal or if there are 2 stents connected, classify both possibilities

Inflatable balloons for placing stents or stent-grafts
Special rules of classification

Means for holding the stent on the balloon, e.g. using protrusions, adhesives or an outer sleeve

A61F 2002/9583

the means being inside the balloon

A61F 2002/9586

with relative longitudinal movement between outer sleeve and prosthesis, e.g. using a push rod
Definition statement

This place covers:

Retractable outer sleeves

Special rules of classification

with additional retaining means

A61F 2002/9665

{the middle portion of the stent or stent-graft is released first}
Definition statement

This place covers:

The wording in the title "released" is regarded as "expanded", i.e. "the middle portion of the stent or stent-graft is expanded first"

the outer sleeve being splittable
Definition statement

This place covers:

media143.png

Lengthening pieces for natural legs
Definition statement

This place covers:

devices which are applied to natural legs for lengthening said legs, e.g. to compensate for a difference in length between the two legs of a user.

Relationships with other classification places

Artificial legs or feet or parts thereof: A61F 2/60

Shoe-like orthopaedic devices for protecting the feet against injuries after operations: A61F 5/0195

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Internal fixation devices

A61B 17/68

Methods or devices enabling patients or disabled persons to operate an apparatus or a device not forming part of the body  (operating or control means for prostheses A61F 2/48, A61F 2/68)
Definition statement

This place covers:

methods or devices enabling invalids to operate a device which, otherwise, the person would not be able to, e.g. control of computers or ambulation devices like a wheel-chair.

Relationships with other classification places

Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs: A61G 5/00

Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer: G06F 3/01

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Operating or control means for prostheses implantable into the body

A61F 2/48

Operating or control means for prostheses not implantable in the body

A61F 2/68

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer

G06F 3/01

Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints (surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints, devices specially adapted therefor A61B 17/56); Nursing devices; {Anti-rape devices} (bandages, dressings or absorbent pads A61F 13/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints, e.g. long-term immobilising or pressure directing devices for treating broken or deformed bones such as splints, casts or braces. Furthermore, it covers devices worn by the patient for reception of urine, faeces, catamenial or other discharge, e.g. colostomy devices. Also, devices for preventing snoring as well as for correcting stammering or stuttering are covered.

Relationships with other classification places

Prostheses not implantable in the body: A61F 2/50.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads

A61F 13/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Closure means for urethra or rectum

A61F 2/0004

Penile implants

A61F 2/26

Operating or control means for external prostheses

A61F 2/68

Pessaries

A61F 6/08

Insoles for arch support

A43B 7/14

Mattress underlays

A47C 21/06

Devices for taking faeces samples

A61B 10/0038

Devices for taking sperm samples

A61B 10/0058

Devices for taking urine samples

A61B 10/007

Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints

A61B 17/56

Massage of genitals

A61H 19/00

Adhesive for colostomy devices

A61L 24/00

Devices for preventing snoring by gas treatment

A61M 16/00

Handcuffs

E05B 75/00

Special rules of classification

Reference A61B 17/56 is non-limiting in subclass A61F. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

Special medical insertions for shoes for flat-feet, club-feet or the like
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Ordinary arch supports

A43B 7/14

Devices worn by the patient for reception of urine, faeces, catamenial or other discharge; {Portable urination aids} (absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, A61F 13/15; drainage appliances for wounds A61M 27/00; {emptying devices for urine bags B65B 69/0016}); Colostomy devices (adhesives for colostomy devices A61L 24/00; materials for colostomy devices A61L 28/00)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Drainage appliances for wounds

A61M 27/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels

A61F 13/15

Adhesives for colostomy devices

A61L 24/00

Materials for colostomy devices

A61L 28/00

Emptying devices for urine bags

B65B 69/0016

Special rules of classification

Looping references between A61F 5/44 and A61F 13/15 have been identified. Until this inconsistency is resolved in IPC, the current classification practice in CPC is as follows: A61F 13/15 and A61F 5/44 are informative references to each other. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

References A61L 24/00, A61L 28/00 and B65B 69/0016 are non-limiting in subgroup A61F 5/44. CPC will be updated/corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

Contraceptive devices; Pessaries; Applicators therefor (chemical aspects of contraception A61K)
Definition statement

This place covers:

contraceptive devices; pessaries and applicators therefore, which can be used by males or females, and which can be applied externally, e.g. condoms, sheaths or the like; internally, like devices worn in the vagina to support the uterus, remedy a malposition, or prevent conception; as well as implantable occluding device, e.g. for vas deferens or fallopian tubes.

Relationships with other classification places

Devices for promoting penis erection: A61F 5/41

Massage of genitals: A61H 19/00

Chemical aspects of contraception: A61K

Obstruction of tubular structures by internal devices: A61B 17/12

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Chemical aspects of contraception

A61K

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Obstruction of tubular structures by internal devices

A61B 17/12

Special rules of classification

Packages or dispensers for contraceptive devices

Contraceptive devices for males, like condoms, sheaths or the like, e.g. combined with devices protecting against contagion

Contraceptive device for females, like intra-vaginal or intra-uterine devices

Occluders for vas deferens or fallopian tubes

Note: Additional information is classified under A61F 6/00 - A61F 6/24.

Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body (heating or cooling means in connection with bedsteads or mattresses A47C 21/00 {; massage, therapeutic baths A61H}; hyperthermia using electric or magnetic fields or ultrasound A61N; electric heating elements H05B)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Heating and cooling of (parts of) a patient for therapeutic purposes not resulting in tissue destruction or intended tissue damage.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Heating or cooling for surgical purposes, such as tissue removal, ablation, coagulation etc.

A61B 18/00 - A61B 18/24

Heating or cooling of tissue immediately around tissue treated by a surgical probe

A61B 2018/00005

Temperature treatment of blood in bypass of the human or animal body

A61M 1/369

Heating or cooling media before injection into the body

A61M 5/44

Hyperthermia with electromagnetic fields

A61N 1/403

Magnetotherapy

A61N 2/00

Heating by radiation such as microwave, light or other electromagnetic waves

A61N 5/02, A61N 5/06, A61N 5/10

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Protective garmets

A41D 13/00

Gloves

A41D 19/00

Hats, caps, hoods

A42B 1/00

Attachments for beds

A47C 21/00

Bed covers, blankets, pillows

A47G 9/00

Massage and therapeutic baths

A61H 1/00

Therapeutic heating with ultrasound

A61N 7/02

Heating for divers

B63C 11/28

Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reaction

C09K 5/00

Refrigeration in general

F25B 1/00, F25C 1/00, F25D 1/00

Electrical heating means

H05B 1/00

Special rules of classification

Documents describing treatment with a device for heating alone or a device described to be able to apply both heating and cooling (with the necessary adaptations to the heat source, e.g. a self-heating exothermic pad which is described or claimed as being equally configurable as self-cooling endothermic pad by using the appropriate chemicals) should be classified in A61F 7/00 - A61F 7/08 or A61F 7/12.

Documents related to bags, pads etc. exclusively using cooling should be classified in A61F 7/10 (e.g. chemically cooled endothermic pads only described for cooling in A61F 7/106).

As an exception in A61F 7/00, A61F 2007/0056 and A61F 2007/0063 also exclusively deal with cooling.

Further details of subgroups

A61F 2007/0001: locations on the human body for heating and cooling. Not for invention information. Headgroup A61F 2007/0001 not to be used for classification.

A61F 7/0053: Cabins, rooms chairs or other equipments for treatment with a hot or cold circulating fluid. Does not cover heating pads with a circulating fluid, those are to be classified in A61F 7/02.

A61F 2007/0054: "closed fluid circuit" refers to a device in which the circulating thermal medium, e.g. water, is not in direct contact with the treatment area;

A61F 2007/0059:"open fluid circuit" refers to a device in which the circulating thermal medium, e.g. water, is in direct contact with the treatment area;

A61F 7/007: Electrically heated or cooled devices.

A61F 7/0085: Devices for generating hot or cold treatment fluids, the devices not being in direct contact with the patient. Only the fluid is transported from the device to a separate patient heating or cooling device.

A61F 7/0097: Heating blankets. Only blankets with an active heating or cooling source, no ordinary blankets keeping warm by insulation only (to be classified in A47G 9/0207).

A61F 7/02: Compresses, poultices or other pads for heating or cooling.

A61F 7/03: Chemical heating devices. Not the chemicals as such (to be classified in C09K 5/00), only as part of a device to be used on the body for therapy.

A61F 7/08: hot water bottles for heating, refillable with a non-circulating hot or cold fluid.

A61F 7/10: Cooling bags, pads etc. exclusively used for cooling.

A61F 7/106: Chemical cooling devices. Not the chemicals as such (to be classified in C09K 5/00), only as part of a cooling device used on the body.

A61F 7/12: Cooling devices for internal body cavities.

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Hyperthermia

heating of tissue up to but not beyond the point of tissue damage

Hypothermia

cooling of tissue down to but not beyond the point of tissue damage

{with a closed fluid circuit, e.g. hot water}
Definition statement

This place covers:

"closed fluid circuit" refers to a device in which the circulating thermal medium, e.g. water, is not in direct contact with the treatment area.

thermophore, i.e. self-heating, {e.g. using a chemical reaction}
Special rules of classification

Documents with self-cooling as well as self-heating devices are classified here, even though the title covers only self-heating devices

Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand (caps with means for protecting the eyes A42B 1/018; visors for helmets A42B 3/22; {retractors A61B 17/02; manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery A61B 34/70}; appliances to aid invalids to move about A61H 3/00; {exercisers for the eyes A61H 5/00}; eye baths A61H 35/02; sunglasses or goggles having the same features as spectacles G02C)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Caps with means for protecting the eyes

A42B 1/018

Visors for helmets

A42B 3/22

Retractors

A61B 17/02

Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery

A61B 34/70

Appliances to aid invalids to move about

A61H 3/00

Exercisers for the eyes

A61H 5/00

Eye baths

A61H 35/02

Sunglasses or goggles having the same features as spectacles

G02C

Special rules of classification

The "subdivision" Indexing Code symbols (i.e. the non "parallel" Indexing Code symbols) are used for classifying as well the invention information as the additional information. They are stored only in the additional information field"

The "orthogonal" Indexing Code symbols are also used.

The symbols in A61B 17/00 and A61B 18/00 are to be used for classifying additional information in case there is no appropriate symbol in A61F 9/00736, A61F 9/0079 or A61F 9/008.

{Introducing ophthalmic products into the ocular cavity or retaining products therein (putting in contact lenses A61F 9/0061; introducing or retaining media in cavities of the body in general A61M 31/00)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Eye droppers

Relationships with other classification places

Baths for the eyes : A61H 35/02

Containers with means for dispensing liquid medicaments : A61J 1/1443

Droppers : B65D 47/18

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Putting in contact lenses

A61F 9/0061

Introducing or retaining media in cavities of the body in general

A61M 31/00

{implantable in, or in contact with, the eye, e.g. ocular inserts}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Ocular inserts for drug delivery

media144.png

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Cornea implants for repair of corneal tissue

A61F 2/142

Corneal inlays or onlays for refractive correction

A61F 2/145

Stromal implants for refractive correction

A61F 2/147

Implantation instruments specially adapted therefor

A61F 2/148

Intraocular lenses

A61F 2/16

Implantation instruments for intraocular lenses

A61F 2/1662

Pharmaceutical compositions of ocular inserts or implants

A61K 9/0051

Contact lenses for reshaping the cornea

G02C 7/04

{Devices for putting-in contact lenses}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Contact lens cases

A45C 11/005

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 9/0061

media145.png

Methods or devices for eye surgery
Definition statement

This place covers:

Devices particular for surgical interventions on the eye

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Devices for general mechanical surgery

A61B 17/00

Devices for general non-mechanical surgery

A61B 18/00

Devices for therapy with ultrasound

A61N 7/00

{Instruments for removing foreign bodies (for removal of intra-ocular material A61F 9/00736)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Instruments for removal of intra-ocular material

A61F 9/00736

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Instruments other than toothpicks and pincettes for removing foreign bodies form the human body

A61B 17/50

{Restoration of lid function}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Instruments to help restore the lid function

{Instruments for removal of intra-ocular material or intra-ocular injection, e.g. cataract instruments (A61F 9/008 takes precedence)}
Relationships with other classification places

Devices using ultrasonic vibrations therefore: A61F 9/00745

Capsulotomes: A61F 9/00754

Instruments with rotating or reciprocating (other than ultrasonically) elements: A61F 9/00763

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Invasive laser devices to remove intra-ocular material

A61F 9/008

Lasers to remove corneal material

A61F9/01

Ultrasonic cutters for general surgery

A61B 17/320068

Devices using focused ultrasound for general tissue removal

A61N 7/02

{Apparatus for restoration of tear ducts}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Plugs implanted in body vessels

A61B 17/12022

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 9/00772

media146.png

Example for correcting occluded lacrimal pathways (Jones tube):

media147.png

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:

Punctum plug

Plug, implant or instrument for the lacrimal duct

{Apparatus for modifying intraocular pressure, e.g. for glaucoma treatment (drainage implants in general A61M 27/002)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Drainage implants in general

A61M 27/002

Special rules of classification

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in A61F 9/00781

media148.png

Treatment of outflow of aqueous humor.

The most practiced surgery intended to reduce aqueous humor production is the cyclodestruction technique. When cyclodestruction is performed with a laser, it is called cyclophotocoagulation. High Intensity focused Ultrasound can be used to obtain a cyclodestruction.

{using non-laser electromagnetic radiation, e.g. non-coherent light or microwaves}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for eye surgery (i.e. destruction, modification or removal of tissue) using electromagnetic radiation other than laser, e.g. non-coherent light or microwaves.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Mechanical eye surgery

A61F 9/007 - A61F 9/00781, A61F 9/013

Radiation therapy

A61N 5/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Implants of eye parts in general

A61F 2/14

Instruments for examination of the eyes

A61B 3/00

Surgery with non mechanical forms of energy in general

A61B 18/00

Laser surgery in general

A61B 18/20

Accessories for surgery or diagnosis

A61B 90/00

Photodynamic therapy

A61N 5/062 , A61N 5/062

Optical components

G02C 7/00

Contact lenses

G02C 7/04

Lasers in general

H01S 3/00

Special rules of classification

The application of non-laser electromagnetic radiation for surgical purposes covers, inter alia, applications whereby infrared or microwave radiation is applied to heat the cornea in order facilitate its shaping by a mold. The relevant information here is the application of the electromagnetic radiation, not the mold. Contact lenses in general, including orthokeratology lenses, are covered by G02C 7/04.

using laser
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for eye surgery (i.e. destruction, modification or removal of tissue) using laser.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Mechanical eye surgery

A61F 9/007 - A61F 9/00781, A61F 9/013

Radiation therapy

A61N 5/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Implants of eye parts in general

A61F 2/14

Instruments for examination of the eyes

A61B 3/00

Surgery with non mechanical forms of energy in general

A61B 18/00

Laser surgery in general

A61B 18/20

Accessories for surgery or diagnosis

A61B 90/00

Photodynamic therapy

A61N 5/062 , A61N 5/062

Optical components

G02C 7/00

Contact lenses

G02C 7/04

Lasers in general

H01S 3/00

Special rules of classification

The scheme in A61F 9/008 contains several independent classification trees covering different aspects of a laser system for eye surgery.

The effect produced by the laser beam in the tissue should be classified in A61F 9/00802, A61F 9/00821, A61F 9/00825, or A61F 2009/00842 and lower hierarchical groups thereof

Auxiliary devices contacting the eyeball like for coupling in the surgical laser light are classified in A61F 9/009

Further aspects are then classified in codes according to:

The control or steering of the laser beam during the treatment (subgroups of A61F 2009/00844)

The calibration of any component in the laser system (A61F 2009/00855 and subgroups thereof)

The part of the eye to be treated (subgroups of A61F 2009/00861),

The planning of the irradiation before the treatment, like based on particular information or measurements (A61F 2009/00878 and subgroups thereof)

The disease to be treated (subgroups of A61F 2009/00885),

Particular algorithms or mechanisms for scanning the beam (A61F 2009/00897)

This groups cover inlays, onlays and intraocular lenses for implantation but specially adapted to be molded by a photoablative or photodisruptive beam. Implantable corneal inlays and onlays and for direct refractive correction and intraocular lenses in general are covered by A61F 2/145 and A61F 2/16.

{Instruments} for compensation of ocular refraction (A61F 9/008 takes precedence){; Instruments for use in cornea removal, for reshaping or performing incisions in the cornea}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group:

media156.jpeg

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Laser eye surgery

A61F 9/008

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Methods or devices for eye surgery

A61F 9/007

{Knives or scalpels specially adapted therefor}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Surgical scalpels and knives

A61B 17/3211

Goggles {(breathing masks A62B 18/00; swimming goggles A63B 33/002; diving masks B63C 11/12)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Breathing masks

A62B 18/00

Swimming goggles

A63B 33/002

Diving masks

B63C 11/12

{Use of special optical filters, e.g. multiple layers, filters for protection against laser light or light from nuclear explosions, screens with different filter properties on different parts of the screen; Rotating slit-discs (optical filters per se G02B 5/20)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Optical filters per se

G02B 5/20

{with variable transmission, e.g. photochromic (for welding A61F 9/067)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Welding masks with variable transmission

A61F 9/067

Eye-masks {; Devices to be worn on the face, not intended for looking through; Eye-pads for sunbathing (eye-bandages A61F 13/12; protective face-masks A41D 13/11; protectors for shampooing A45D)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Sleep masks

Masks for protecting the eye after ophtalmic surgery

media150.png

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Eye-bandages

A61F 13/12

Protective face-masks

A41D 13/11

Protectors for shampooing

A45D, A45D 44/12

{Eye-shades or visors; Shields beside, between or below the eyes (caps with means for protecting the eyes A42B 1/018)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Caps with means for protecting the eyes

A42B 1/06

Glasses combined with shades or shields

G02C 7/16

Masks, shields or hoods for welders (safety devices for welding in general F16P 1/00)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Safety devices for welding in general

F16P 1/00

{use of particular optical filters (A61F 9/022, A61F 9/062 take precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Goggles comprising special optical filters

A61F 9/022

Masks with movable polarising filter discs

A61F 9/062

Devices or methods enabling eye-patients to replace direct visual perception by another kind of perception
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Walking or guiding aids for blind

A61H 3/06

Replacing visual perception by electrode stimulation

A61N 1/36046

Teaching or communicating with the blind

G09B 21/00

Methods or devices for treatment of the ears or hearing sense (implantable prostheses that substitute or replace internal ear parts, e.g. ear-drums, A61F 2/18; methods or devices to cause a change in the state of auditory consciousness A61M 21/00; electrotherapy applying electrical stimulation of the auditory system, or circuits therefor A61N 1/36; radiotherapy using optical stimulation of the auditory system A61N 5/06; electro-acoustic hearing aids H04R 25/00); Non-electric hearing aids; Methods or devices for enabling ear patients to achieve auditory perception through physiological senses other than hearing sense; Protective devices for the ears, carried on the body or in the hand (headwear, e.g. caps or helmets, with means for protecting the ears A42B 1/0188, A42B 3/16)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods or devices for surgical or non-surgical treatment of ears.

Apparatus or devices surgically implanted into the ear.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Implantable prostheses that substitute or replace internal ear parts, e.g. ear drums

A61F 2/18

Headwear, e.g. caps or helmets, with means for protecting the ears

A42B 1/0188, A42B 3/16

Methods or devices to cause a change in the state of auditory consciousness

A61M 21/00

Electrotherapy applying electrical stimulation of the auditory system, or circuits therefor

A61N 1/36

Radiotherapy using optical stimulation of the auditory system

A61N 5/06

Electro-acoustic hearing aids

H04R 25/00

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Auditory perception

the ability to detect and interpret sounds

Hearing sense

the ability to perceive sounds by detecting vibrations or changes in the pressure of the surrounding medium through time using the auditory parts of the sensory system

{Ear cleaners, e.g. curettes (cotton tips A61F 13/38; cleaning by suction A61M 1/71, by irrigation A61M 3/02)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Cotton tips

A61F 13/38

Cleaning by suction

A61M 1/71

Cleaning by irrigation

A61M 3/02

Methods or devices for enabling ear patients to achieve auditory perception through physiological senses other than hearing sense, e.g. through the touch sense {(electronic stimulation of auditory nerves A61N 1/36036)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Processes or use of devices implanted or attached to the body not limited to the ear to stimulate the body to cause an auditory perception, i.e. vibratory devices.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Cochlear implants, i.e. electronic stimulation of auditory nerves

A61N 1/36036

{using mechanical stimulation of nerves}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Any kind of stimulation of the auditory system (outer ear, middle ear, inner ear, and auditory nerve) causes "auditory perception." Usually, application of vibration on the skull (like as in so called bone anchored hearing aids) causes vibrations in the cochlea that lead to auditory perception. Therefore, vibro-stimulation does not replace the auditory perception with another kind of reception (e.g. visual or tactile perception).

Illustrative example of subject matter.

media154.png

internal, e.g. earplugs
Special rules of classification

Earplugs including an inner channel: A61F 11/085

external, e.g. earcaps or earmuffs
Definition statement

This place covers:

Only acoustic protection.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Other external protector

A61F 11/06

Earcaps or earmuffs for hairdresser's rooms

A45D 44/12

Earcaps or earmuffs for sports

A63B 71/10

Headphones

H04R 1/10

Ear surgery
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods of surgically placing or implanting a device or apparatus into the ear using either invasive or minimally invasive procedures.

Non-electric hearing aids, e.g. ear trumpets, sound amplifiers or ear-shells
Definition statement

This place covers:

Devices used with the ear to assist the ear in the ability to hear without the use of any electric power source.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Non-electric sound-amplifying devices, e.g. non-electric megaphones

G10K 11/08

Methods or devices for sound-focusing or directing sound using reflection, e.g. parabolic reflectors

G10K 11/28

Bandages or dressings (radioactive dressings {A61N 5/1029}); Absorbent pads
Definition statement

This place covers:

Articles intended to be in contact with the human skin and absorb fluids excreted by the human body other than sweat, i.e. wound dressings and bandages adapted to be attached to the injured skin or to be held against the injured place. In addition to the wound dressings, this group covers also articles which are indented to be used for injured parts of the body, e.g. plaster of Paris and any kind of stiffening bandage.

Articles intended to be attached to the body or worn in conjunction with another garment or being held in place by their shape and intended to absorb excretions from a natural opening (genital, anal, nose, mouth, ear) and during surgery.

Method and apparatuses of manufacturing these articles.

Relationships with other classification places

A61F 5/01 - A61F 5/40 cover stiffening bandages for immobilizing extremities. The difference with A61F 13/04 - A61F 13/14 is that (with the exception of A61F 13/04) in A61F 13/06 - A61F 13/14 no rigid parts are used. If rigid parts are used, then A61F 5/01 should be taken into consideration. A61F 5/44 covers devices worn by the patient for reception of urine, faeces, catamenial or other discharge which are rather receptacles or bags other than diapers or absorbent pads.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Radioactive dressings

A61N 5/1029

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Suspensory bandages

A61F 5/40

Contact avoiding wound protectors

A61F 15/008

Undergarments, e.g. garments that do not absorb excretions from a natural opening

A41B 9/00

Articles intended to absorb sweat

A42C 5/02, A41D 20/00, A41D 27/13

Bandages, poultices, compresses special adapted for veterinary purposes

A61D 9/00

Tissues, wipes or patches for cleaning the skin (e.g. wet wipes)

A61K 8/0208

Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads

A61L 15/00

Bandages or dressings with incorporated medicaments

A61L 15/44, A61M 35/006

Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, liquid, gel or powder form wound dressings or bandages

A61L 26/00

Absorbent pads for tracheostomy

A61M 16/047

Adhesive bandages or dressings
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Bandages or dressings or absorbent pads specially adapted for feet or legs; Corn-pads; Corn-rings

A61F 13/06

Bandages or dressings or absorbent pads specially adapted for fingers, hands or arms; Finger-stalls; Nail-protectors

A61F 13/10

Bandages or dressings or absorbent pads specially adapted for the head or neck

A61F 13/12

Bandages or dressings or absorbent pads specially adapted for the breast or abdomen

A61F 13/14

Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators

A61F 13/15

Vaccination diagnosis other than by injuring the skin, e.g. allergy test patches

A61B 10/0035

Surgical adhesives or cements; Adhesives for colostomy devices

A61L 24/00

Devices for applying media, e.g. remedies, on the human body

A61M 35/00

with fluid retention members
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Transdermal patches having a drug layer or reservoir

A61K 9/7084

Seal, e.g. to apply around a wound, for isolating the treatment area in combination with an absorbent pad for irrigating or draining the wound

A61M 1/90

{Tapes for dressing attachment (for stoma bags A61F 5/443; for nappies or sanitary towels A61F 13/58; wound closure tapes A61B 17/085; for surgical drapes A61B 46/00; attaching catheters A61M 25/02)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Tapes for stoma bags

A61F 5/443

Wound closure tapes

A61B 17/085

Surgical drapes

A61B 46/00

Attaching catheters

A61M 25/02

Plaster of Paris bandages; Other stiffening bandages (A61F 13/06 - A61F 13/15 take precedence)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces

A61F 5/01

Ortheses

A61F 5/0102

Shoe-like orthopaedic devices for protecting the feet against injuries after operations

A61F 5/0195

Chemical aspect of orthopaedic devices

A61L 15/07, A61L 15/08

specially adapted for use with sub-pressure or over-pressure therapy, wound drainage or wound irrigation, e.g. for use with negative-pressure wound therapy [NPWT]
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Negative pressure wound therapy devices, i.e. devices for applying suction to a wound to promote healing, e.g. including a vacuum dressing

A61M 1/90

Drainage appliances for wounds in general

A61M 27/00

Elastic stockings; for contracting aneurisms
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Devices for domestic use for assisting in putting-on or pulling-off clothing, e.g. stockings or socks

A47G 25/907

For ligaturing or otherwise compressing tubular parts of the body, e.g. blood vessels, umbilical cord

A61B 17/12

Active massage of limbs

A61H 2205/06
& A61H 2205/10

Weft knitting processes for the production of stockings

D04B 1/00, D04B 9/52, D04B 1/26

specially adapted for fingers, hands, or arms; Finger-stalls; Nail-protectors {(restraining devices for arms A61F 5/37; shoulder bandages A61F 13/14)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints

A61F 5/00, A61F 5/0118

Slings

A61F 5/3738

specially adapted for the head or neck
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Ear, face, or lip protectors

A45D 44/12

Preparations for care of the skin

A61Q 19/00

specially adapted for the breast or abdomen (corsets or bandages for support of breast or abdomen A61F 5/03)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Braces for providing support to the lower back, e.g. lumbo- sacral supports

A61F 5/028

Corsets or bandages for abdomen, teat or breast support

A61F 5/03

Brassieres for medical use or surgery

A41C 3/0064

Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body (non-absorbent catamenial receptacles A61F 5/44); Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
Definition statement

This place covers:

Articles intended to be worn or held against the human body for absorbing excretions from natural openings.

References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Articles for absorbing wound excretions

A61F 13/00 - A61F 13/02

Bandages or dressings specially adapted for absorbing wound excretions for feet or legs

A61F 13/06

Bandages or dressings specially adapted for absorbing wound excretions for fingers, hands or arms

A61F 13/10

Bandages or dressings specially adapted for absorbing wound excretions for head or neck

A61F 13/12

Bandages or dressings specially adapted for absorbing wound excretions for breast or abdomen

A61F 13/14

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Non-absorbent catamenial devices

A61F 5/44

Pessaries

A61F 6/08

Underwear

A41B 9/00

Absorption of sweat

A42C 5/00, A43B 17/00, A41D 20/00

Tissues, wipes or patches for cleaning the skin (e.g. wet wipes)

A61K 8/0208

Special rules of classification

Looping references between A61F 5/44 and A61F 13/15 have been identified. Until this inconsistency is resolved in IPC, the current classification practice in CPC is as follows:

A61F 13/15 and A61F 5/44 are informative references to each other. The title of A61F 13/15 will be updated once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

{Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency (chemical aspects A61L 15/00)}
Relationships with other classification places

Investigating or analysing materials by determining their chemical or physical properties G01N.

{Forming continuous, e.g. composite, fibrous webs, e.g. involving the application of pulverulent material on parts thereof}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

{Mechanical treatment, e.g. notching, twisting, compressing, shaping}
Relationships with other classification places

Joining or sealing of preformed parts, welding of plastics materials and apparatus therefore: B29C 65/00

Corrugating in general: B31F 1/20

{Treating webs, e.g. for giving them a fibrelike appearance, e.g. by embossing}
Relationships with other classification places
{Sealing, e.g. involving cutting}
Relationships with other classification places

Bonding B29C 45/00.

Tampons, e.g. catamenial tampons; Accessories therefor
Definition statement

This place covers:

All articles intended to be inserted within a natural opening e.g. nose plugs, dental absorbent tampons, catamenial tampons, anal plugs, ear plugs.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

A wound opening is not considered as a natural opening and articles related to wound healing

A61F 13/00- A61F 13/14

The swabs for cleaning wounds or absorbing wound liquids during surgery

A61F 13/36, A61F 13/38

with wetness indicator or alarm
Definition statement

This place covers:

All articles having means for indicating the article is wet, independently of the kind of absorbent article (napkins, diapers, tampons, wound dressings) or indicator (chemical, electrical, tactile etc.).

Relationships with other classification places

For determining moisture content, e.g. humidity, of the fluid by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means G01N 27/00.

characterised by the shape (cup-shaped type tampons A61F 13/2045)
Definition statement

This place covers:

The two- or three- dimensional shape of articles or the shape of details thereof, and is intended as a head group to branch down to either articles needing another article or adhesive to be held against the body (A61F 13/47) or articles that are self-supporting e.g. diapers (A61F 13/49).

Sanitary towels, incontinence pads or napkins (A61F 13/49 takes precedence)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Absorbent articles that need another article or adhesive to be held against the body or articles which are held in place by the specific female or male anatomy.

{having a reinforcing member}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Articles of the feminine hygiene napkin type having a reinforcing member to keep the shape in a desired form.

{having preferential bending zones, e.g. fold lines or grooves}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Articles of the feminine hygiene napkin type where the fold lines or grooves are intended for allowing the article to fold or bent around them rather than being a barrier.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Foldable male incontinence devices

A61F 13/471

Foldable interlabial articles

A61F 13/47209

{having only interlabial part, i.e. with no extralabial parts}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Articles which are intended to be placed against and to be hold by the labiae of the female anatomy.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Articles intended to be worn inside the vagina e.g. tampons

A61F 13/2051

{with a raised crotch region, e.g. hump}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Articles of the feminine hygiene napkin type having a portion which is elevated in relation to the rest of the article with the intention to be in close contact with the source of excretions for acquiring easily the fluids.

{for interlabial use}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Articles of which the dimension of the elevated portion permits the elevated portion to be inserted between the labia majora or deeper in the vagina.

{with activating means, e.g. elastic, heat or chemical activatable means}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Articles of the feminine hygiene napkin type which have means that are in a latent state. During use or just before the use of the article the means are activated to perform a function so that the shape of the article is altered, e.g. elastics that stay inactive until they become wet in order to have a flat article before use and once wet their elastic properties become active and the shape of the article changes to a curved form.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Means which upon activation perform another function than changing the shape

A61F 13/8405

Skin enhancers

A61F 13/8405, A61F 13/51113

adjustable
Definition statement

This place covers:

Articles of the feminine hygiene napkin type which are manually or elastically adjustable to fit the body shape or to increase or decrease their absorbency

characterised by edge leakage prevention means
Definition statement

This place covers:

Articles of the feminine hygiene napkin type having a kind of barrier to prevent the liquid from leaking out of the article and soil the underwear.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

The liquid impermeable backsheet per se

A61F 13/514

characterised by encircling the crotch region of the undergarment
Definition statement

This place covers:

Articles of the feminine hygiene napkin type having wings or flaps for being wrapped over the edge of the underwear. However the primary function of the flaps should be the prevention of leakage or soiling the undergarment.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Flaps intended for fastening the article on the underwear the groups

A61F 13/5605

Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers
Definition statement

This place covers:

Articles which due to their form are self sustained around the waist, e.g. diapers, or pant form diapers.

{Reusable, washable fabric diapers}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Absorbent articles that are washable and as such reusable. If a part mostly the outer cover/chassis is washable and has an exchangeable insert but the invention relies in the washable part then this document is to be classified in this subgroup and get an Indexing Code in A61F 13/505. If however only the exchangeability of parts is disclosed so that they are to be reused several times without being of a special fabric having the possibility to be washed then this document is classified in A61F 13/505.

{with fastening means}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Fastening means per se

A61F 13/56, A61F 13/58

{Form-fitting, self-adjusting disposable diapers}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Diapers or pants type diapers where the invention relies in the elastic or stretchable features intended to aid the article to conform to the body of the wearer.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Elastic barriers which are covered by the edge leaking prevention

A61F 13/49413

{characterised by the elastic material}
Relationships with other classification places

Extensible layered products B32B 5/04, B32B 5/26B32B 5/2795, B32B 27/12, B32B 37/144

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure characterised by structural features of a layer specified as extensible

B32B 5/04

Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity, or physical structure characterised by features of foamed layer material with fibrous or filamentary layers

B32B 5/26B32B 5/2795

Layered products comprising synthetic resin layer next to a fibrous or filamentary layer

B32B 27/12

Methods or apparatus for laminating characterised by layer properties having differing mechanical properties

B32B 37/144

adjustable {by adding or removing material, e.g. umbilical cord arrangements (adjustable by the fastening A61F 13/5638, A61F 13/5655)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Articles that are manually adjustable to conform the body shape or size.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

The fastening means or the adjustability of the article through the fastening means

A61F 13/58

{the edge leakage prevention means being an absorbent medium (A61F 13/49426 takes precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Articles that have secondary absorbent material located at the side edges of the article, mostly next to the main absorbent core.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Edge leakage prevention means with the barrier having an absorbent medium

A61F 13/49426

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

The difference of absorbency of the absorbent core in the X-Y direction per se

A61F 13/532, A61F 13/535

Special rules of classification

If the secondary absorbent material is located at the end edges, then this is covered by A61F 13/49466.

characterised by the outer layers {(wicking or transfer layers A61F 13/537)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

The outer layers of the absorbent articles whether feminine napkin tape or diapers. A backsheet is understood as the layer or composite layer that is intended to inhibit the liquid from flowing down of the article. A topsheet is understood as the layer which is in close contact with the skin for receiving the liquid.

Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

If the layer immediately under the topsheet is a separate layer, i.e. not laminated to the topsheet and has the function of spreading the liquid in the X-Y direction

A61F 13/537

Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin {(A61F 13/15211, A61F 13/15252 take precedence)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

If the inner layer immediately adjacent but not laminated to the backsheet is intended to distribute the liquid in the X-Y direction

A61F 13/537

{providing stretchability without the use of elastic material}
Definition statement

This place covers:

The material is. e.g. corrugated SELF or ring rolled so as to impart to the backsheet stretchability without being elastic.

{being a laminate, e.g. multi-layered or with several layers}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

If the inner layer immediately adjacent but not laminated to the backsheet is intended to distribute the liquid in the X-Y direction

A61F 13/537

characterised by the absorbing medium (A61F 13/20 takes precedence)
Definition statement

This place covers:

The absorbent core of the absorbent articles. If the structure of the core is intended for conforming the body fit or the leakage prevention then this is covered by the corresponding subgroups A61F 13/47, A61F 13/475 or A61F 13/49, A61F 13/494.

Relationships with other classification places

Chemical composition: A61L 15/16

having discontinuous areas of compression
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Grooves which are intended for leakage prevention per see or for folding

A61F 13/4756, A61F 13/4704, A61F 13/49001

Packaging before or after use {(general packaging of absorbent pads B65D 85/00)}
Relationships with other classification places

Foldable baby changing mats/supports: A47D 15/00, A47D 5/00.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

If the package or packaging is not directly related to the absorbent article

B65D

Supporting or fastening means
Definition statement

This place covers:

All means for holding in their position the absorbent articles covered by the subgroups A61F 13/45-A61F 13/51.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Fastening means for wound appliances

A61F 13/00 - A61F 13/14

{using flaps, e.g. adhesive, for attachment to the undergarment (leakage prevention means encirculing the crotch portion A61F 13/476)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

If the flaps are indented to prevent leakage soiling of the undergarment

A61F 13/476

{Mechanical fastening means, (A61F 13/5611, A61F 13/5616, A61F 13/581, A61F 13/66 take precedence);} Fabric strip fastener elements, e.g. hook and loop
Relationships with other classification places

Hook and loop in general and the manufacturing thereof: A44B 18/00

with means for attaching to the body
Definition statement

This place covers:

Articles that have means (mostly adhesive) to attached the article to the skin of the user in order to keep it in place.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Adhesive attachment of wound dressings

A61F 13/02

Auxiliary appliances for wound dressings; Dispensing containers for dressings or bandages {(packaging of absorbent articles such as diapers, feminine hygiene absorbing pads or tampons A61F 13/551; packaging of wound dressings A61F 13/00072)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Individual wrapped articles before or after use

A61F 13/551

First-aid kits
Definition statement

This place covers:

Packs, bags, packages, cases to be carried by a person and having items to be used under first aid circumstances. The items as such are not of importance.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Bags in general

A45C

Bags for midwives

A61B 17/48

Carrying bags, cases, trusses e.g. doctor bags

A61B 50/31