CPC Definition - Subclass A23K

Last Updated Version: 2017.08
FODDER
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feeding-stuffs that are specially adapted, processed or formulated for non-human animals.

Processes that are specially adapted for production of such animal feeding-stuffs.

Processes that are specially adapted for preservation of materials (e.g. grass or roots) in order to produce such animal feeding-stuffs.

Relationships with other classification places

Animal feeding-stuffs

This subclass only covers feeding-stuffs that are disclosed as being specially adapted, processed or formulated for non-human animals. Foods or foodstuffs that are of unspecified use or specially adapted for human beings are covered by other subclasses for foodstuffs (see the references below), for example the other subclasses of A23.

Production of animal feeding-stuffs

Processes for production of foods or foodstuffs that are of unspecified use, or specially adapted for human beings, are covered by the relevant subclasses therefor, see the references below.

Apparatus that is specially adapted for production of animal feeding-stuffs is covered by A23N 17/00.

Mechanical aspects that are of general utility are covered by other subclasses, see the references below.

Preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs

This subclass only covers processes for preservation that are specially adapted for production of animal feeding-stuffs. Preservation of foods or food-stuffs that are of unspecified use or specially adapted for human beings, are covered by the relevant subclasses therefor, for example A23B and A23L 3/00 (see the references below).

Mechanical aspects of processes for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs are classified in other subclasses, for example A01F 25/00 and F26B (see the references below).

Haymaking

Haymakers, i.e. apparatus for working on mown forage crop lying on the ground with the intention to make hay, are classified in A01D 76/00A01D 84/00. Haymakers may include means for mechanical treatment of mown crops in the field, for example for crop-conditioning.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Mechanical aspects of methods that are specifically adapted for storing agricultural or horticultural crops (e.g. in silos)

A01F 25/00

Apparatus specially adapted for cutting or disintegrating straw, hay or like harvested products of plant origin

A01F 29/00

Manufacture of dairy products

A01J

Animal husbandry; Care of birds, fishes or insects

A01K

Preparation of bait for angling

A01K 97/04

Preservation of plants in general

A01N 3/00

Biocides, pest repellents or pest attractants

A01N 25/00- A01N 65/00

Machines or equipment for making or processing doughs

A21C

Treating of flour or dough

A21D

Processing meat, poultry or fish

A22C

Preserving meat, fish, eggs, fruit, vegetables or edible seeds; The preserved products

A23B

Dairy products; Making dairy products

A23C

Edible oils or fats

A23D

Protein compositions for foodstuffs; Working-up proteins for foodstuffs; Phosphatide compositions for foodstuffs

A23J

Preservation of foods or foodstuffs in general

A23L 3/00

Foods or foodstuffs not covered by subclasses A23B - A23J; Their preparation or treatment

A23L 5/00- A23L 35/00

Machines or apparatus for treating harvested fruit or vegetables in bulk, not otherwise provided for

A23N 1/00- A23N 15/00

Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs

A23N 17/00

Shaping or working of foodstuffs

A23P

Veterinary methods

A61D

Medicinal preparations

A61K

Mixing in general

B01F

Granulating materials

B01J 2/00

Disintegrating in general

B02C

Cutting in general

B26D

Presses in general, e.g. for making briquettes

B30B

Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof

C08B

Derivatives of natural macromolecular compounds

C08H

Producing animal or vegetable oils, fats, fatty substances or waxes

C11B

Preparation of fats, oils, or fatty acids

C11C

Microorganisms or enzymes; Compositions thereof

C12N

Fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compound or composition

C12P

Sugar industry

C13

Drying solid materials

F26B

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the word/expression in the first column is often used instead of the word/expression in the second column, which is used in the classification scheme of this place:

"feed" and "feedstuff"

"feeding-stuffs"

Animal feeding-stuffs
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feedstuffs and processes for production in general.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Detoxicating or removing bitter tastes from seeds, e.g. lupin seeds for fodder or food

A23L 11/30

obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes (using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging of green fodder A23K 30/15)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Non-specified microbiological processes for fodder or non-specified addition of microbes in general.

by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
Definition statement

This place covers:

Use of microorganisms to produce fodder ingredients or fodders (biomass) and the ingredients of fodders per se.

Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
Definition statement

This place covers:

Treating fodder by addition of enzymes (in general and specific) for particular effects.

Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions (A23K 10/12 takes precedence)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods of adding microbes such as probiotics to fodders and the fodders per se.

of live microorganisms
Definition statement

This place covers:

Methods of adding live microbes such as probiotics to fodders and the fodders per se.

from material of animal origin (obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes A23K 10/10)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Production of fodder from animal or waste material in general, and fodders containing same as a significant ingredient.

from fish
Definition statement

This place covers:

Production of fodder from fish (including shellfish, crustaceans), and fodders containing same as a significant ingredient.

from blood
Definition statement

This place covers:

Production of fodder from blood or blood products and fodder containing these as a significant ingredient.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Proteins from blood

A23J 1/06

Medicinal preparations containing blood

A61K 35/14

from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin (A23K 10/24 takes precedence)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Production of fodder from animal (including fish, etc.) waste material, and fodders containing same as a significant ingredient.

from waste dairy products
Definition statement

This place covers:

Production of fodder from dairy wastes and fodder containing these as a significant ingredient.

from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms (obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes, e.g. using yeasts or enzymes, A23K 10/10)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Production of fodder from vegetable material in general (including plant extracts), and fodders containing same as a significant ingredient.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Preserving food

A23B, A23L

from hydrolysates of wood or straw
Definition statement

This place covers:

Production of fodder from chemical or enzymatic hydrolysates of wood or straw (including lignaceous or cellulosic) material, and fodders containing same as a significant ingredient.

from molasses
Definition statement

This place covers:

Production of fodder from molasses and fodder containing molasses as a significant ingredient.

from potatoes
Definition statement

This place covers:

Production of fodder from potatoes (including by-products), and fodders containing same as a significant ingredient.

from waste material (from hydrolysates of wood or straw A23K 10/32; from molasses A23K 10/33)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Production of fodder from vegetable waste material, and fodders containing same as a significant ingredient.

from distillers’ or brewers’ waste
Definition statement

This place covers:

Production of fodder from waste products of brewing and distilling (e.g. solubles) and fodder containing same as a significant ingredient.

Mineral licks, e.g. salt blocks
Definition statement

This place covers:

Block of salt and other minerals for livestock to lick.

Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
Definition statement

This place covers:

Animal feed or fodder supplemented with additives which may, for example, enhance the nutritional value, digestibility or appeal of the feed, may effect weight-gain of the animal, or the appearance of the flesh or meat of the animal, etc.

Specific additives being classified in the subgroups, e.g. vitamins as fodder additives are classified in A23K 20/174, sugars as fodder additives are classified in A23K 20/163.

Organic substances
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of organic substances of undefined composition, including mixtures thereof.

Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of non-aromatic carbon compounds (not including fatty, amino, or heterocyclic, etc. compounds covered by other subclasses).

Aromatic compounds
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of non-heterocyclic compounds containing at least one benzene ring.

Heterocyclic compounds
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of heterocyclic compounds in general.

containing oxygen or sulfur as hetero atom
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of saturated or unsaturated oxo- or sulfo- heterocycles (e.g. oxirane, oxetane, etc., and thiirane, thietane, etc., compounds).

Lactones
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of lactone type cyclic esters.

containing only one nitrogen as hetero atom
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of saturated or unsaturated single nitrogen containing heterocycles (e.g. aziridine, pyridine, etc.).

containing two hetero atoms, of which at least one is nitrogen
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of saturated or unsaturated heterocycles, with more than one hetero atom and containing at least one nitrogen atom (e.g. oxazepines, thiazepines, pyridazine).

Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of amino acids (including esters, salts, etc.).

Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of peptide and worked up protein material, including proteolyzates.

Nucleic acids; Hydrolysis products or derivatives thereof
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of nucleic acids and fragments (DNA, RNA, etc.).

Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of oils, fats, fatty acids, fatty materials including waxes.

Sugars; Polysaccharides
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of saccharides including simple sugars and starches as well as cellulosic materials.

Steroids
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of steroids (e.g. cortisone, prednisolone, etc.) and derivatives.

Vitamins
Definition statement

This place covers:

Animal feed or fodder supplemented with additives which may, for example, enhance the nutritional value , digestibility or appeal of the feed, may effect weight-gain of the animal, or the appearance of the flesh or meat of the animal, etc.

Colouring agents, e.g. pigmenting or dyeing agents
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of colouring agent to the fodder resulting in, for example, brightly coloured food, e.g. to attract birds, or resulting in enhanced colour of the flesh or meat, e.g. pink colouring to salmon flesh.

Hormones
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of hormones (e.g., growth hormone, oxtocin, etc.) and derivatives.

Enzymes
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of enzymes (in general and specific).

Antibiotics
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of antibiotics per se (not including probiotics - see A23K 10/16).

Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of inorganic materials, e.g. metals, salts, gases, etc.

Special rules of classification

Oligoelements are classified in the group A23K 20/30

Compounds of alkali metals
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of group 1 elements (Li, Na, K, etc.).

Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of group 2 elements (Be, Mg, Ca, etc.).

Compounds containing phosphorus
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of organic and inorganic P compounds (e.g. pyrophosphates, etc.).

Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of Si compounds (including earths, clays, etc.).

{Oligoelements}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Addition of trace elements (e.g. Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Se, I., etc.).

Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feedstuffs characterized by preservation method and the feedstuffs per se.

of green fodder
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feedstuffs characterized by preservation of green material (grasses, lucerne, etc.) and the feedstuffs per se.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Mechanical aspects of methods specially adapted for storing agricultural or horticultural crops

A01F 25/00

Silos

E04H 7/22

Dehydration
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feedstuffs characterized by dehydration preservation of green material (grasses, lucerne, etc.) and the feedstuffs per se.

using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feedstuffs characterized by addition of chemicals (or biochemicals) to produce silage and the silage per se.

using microorganisms or enzymes
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feedstuffs characterized by addition of enzymes and/or microbes to produce silage and the silage per se.

Dehydration (of green fodder A23K 30/12)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feedstuffs characterized by dehydration preservation and the feedstuffs per se.

Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
Definition statement

This place covers:

Processes for producing fodders not covered in subgroups, as well as fodders resulting from processes.

by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
Definition statement

This place covers:

Processes for producing fodders by agglomeration, granulation, powdering, as well as granular, powdered fodders resulting from processes.

by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
Definition statement

This place covers:

Processes for producing fodders by molding, pressing; as molded, compressed or pressed fodders resulting from such processes.

by extrusion
Definition statement

This place covers:

Processes for producing fodders by extrusions as well as extruded fodders resulting from such processes.

by encapsulating; by coating
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Processes for producing fodders by encapsulating, coating, covering
  • Coated, covered, or enveloped fodders resulting from these processes
Making capsules specially adapted for ruminants
Definition statement

This place covers:

Processes for making coatings designed to bypass the rumen and products per se.

Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feeds adapted for specific animals in general.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Milk Substitutes

A23C 11/00

for ruminants
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feeds for ruminant animals (e.g. cows, goats, sheep, etc.).

containing substances which are metabolically converted to proteins, e.g. ammonium salts or urea
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feeds for ruminants which contain nitrogenous protein precursors.

for horses
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feeds for equine animals (e.g. horses, donkeys, zebra).

for swines
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feeds for suidae (e.g. pig, hog, boar, etc.).

for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feeds for carnivorous animals in general (canines, felines, mink, etc.).

Dry feed
Definition statement

This place covers:

0-15% H2O.

Semi-moist feed
Definition statement

This place covers:

15-50% H2O.

Moist feed
Definition statement

This place covers:

50-100% H2O.

for rodents
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feeds for rodents (e.g. mice, rats, hamsters, etc.).

for weanlings
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feeds for young animals in general.

for birds
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feeds for avian animals in general (e.g. pigeons, wild birds, etc.).

for poultry
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feeds for domesticated farmed avians (e.g. chicken, turkey, geese, duck, etc.).

for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feeds used in aquaculture in general (including shellfish and marine mammals).

for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feeds for insects (e.g. honeybees, flies, etc.).