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CPC
COOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION
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G10L
SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
NOTE
-
This subclass does not cover:
devices for the storage of speech signals, which are covered by subclasses G11B and G11C;

encoding of compressed speech signals for transmission or storage, which is covered by group H03M 7/30.


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G10L 13/00
Speech synthesis; Text to speech systems
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G10L 13/02
.
Methods for producing synthetic speech; Speech synthesisers
G10L 13/027
. .
Concept to speech synthesisers; Generation of natural phrases from machine-based concepts (generation of parameters for speech synthesis out of text G10L 13/08)
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G10L 13/033
. .
Voice editing, e.g. manipulating the voice of the synthesiser
G10L 13/0335
. . .
{
Pitch control
}
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G10L 13/04
. .
Details of speech synthesis systems, e.g. synthesiser structure or memory management
G10L 13/043
. . .
{
Synthesisers specially adapted to particular applications
}
WARNING
-
This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from September 1, 2012. The backlog is being reclassified to G10L 13/00 and subgroups.

G10L 13/047
. . .
Architecture of speech synthesisers
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G10L 13/06
.
Elementary speech units used in speech synthesisers; Concatenation rules
G10L 13/07
. .
Concatenation rules
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G10L 13/08
.
Text analysis or generation of parameters for speech synthesis out of text, e.g. grapheme to phoneme translation, prosody generation or stress or intonation determination
G10L 13/086
. .
{
Detection of language
}
G10L 13/10
. .
Prosody rules derived from text; Stress or intonation
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G10L 15/00
Speech recognition (G10L 17/00 takes precedence)
G10L 15/005
.
{
Language recognition
}
G10L 15/01
.
Assessment or evaluation of speech recognition systems
G10L 15/02
.
Feature extraction for speech recognition; Selection of recognition unit
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G10L 15/04
.
Segmentation; Word boundary detection
G10L 15/05
. .
Word boundary detection
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G10L 15/06
.
Creation of reference templates ; Training of speech recognition systems, e.g. adaptation to the characteristics of the speaker's voice (G10L 15/14 takes precedence)
G10L 15/063
. .
{
Training
}
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G10L 15/065
. .
Adaptation
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G10L 15/07
. . .
to the speaker
G10L 15/075
. . . .
{
supervised, i.e. under machine guidance
}
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G10L 15/08
.
Speech classification or search
G10L 15/083
. .
{
Recognition networks (G10L 15/142, G10L 15/16 take precedence)
}
G10L 15/10
. .
using distance or distortion measures between unknown speech and reference templates
G10L 15/12
. .
using dynamic programming techniques, e.g. dynamic time warping [DTW]
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G10L 15/14
. .
using statistical models, e.g. hidden Markov models [HMMs] (G10L 15/18 takes precedence)
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G10L 15/142
. . .
{
Hidden Markov Models [HMMs
}
 ]
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G10L 15/144
. . . .
{
Training of HMMs
}
G10L 15/146
. . . . .
{
with insufficient amount of training data, e.g. state sharing, tying, deleted interpolation
}
G10L 15/148
. . . .
{
Duration modelling in HMMs, e.g. semi HMM, segmental models or transition probabilities
}
G10L 15/16
. .
using artificial neural networks
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G10L 15/18
. .
using natural language modelling
G10L 15/1807
. . .
{
using prosody or stress
}
G10L 15/1815
. . .
{
Semantic context, e.g. disambiguation of the recognition hypotheses based on word meaning
}
G10L 15/1822
. . .
{
Parsing for meaning understanding
}
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G10L 15/183
. . .
using context dependencies, e.g. language models
G10L 15/187
. . . .
Phonemic context, e.g. pronunciation rules, phonotactical constraints or phoneme n-grams
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G10L 15/19
. . . .
Grammatical context, e.g. disambiguation of the recognition hypotheses based on word sequence rules
G10L 15/193
. . . . .
Formal grammars, e.g. finite state automata, context free grammars or word networks
G10L 15/197
. . . . .
Probabilistic grammars, e.g. word n-grams
G10L 15/20
.
Speech recognition techniques specially adapted for robustness in adverse environments, e.g. in noise, of stress induced speech (G10L 21/02 takes precedence)
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G10L 15/22
.
Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialogue
G10L 15/222
. .
{
Barge in, i.e. overridable guidance for interrupting prompts
}
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G10L 15/24
.
Speech recognition using non-acoustical features
G10L 15/25
. .
using position of the lips, movement of the lips or face analysis
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G10L 15/26
.
Speech to text systems (G10L 15/08 takes precedence)
G10L 15/265
. .
{
Speech recognisers specially adapted for particular applications (devices for signalling identity of wanted subscriber in a telephonic communication equipment controlled by voice recognition H04M 1/271; speech interaction details in interactive information services in a telephonic communication system H04M 3/4936)
}
WARNING
-
This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from September 1, 2012. The backlog is being reclassified to G10L 15/00 and subgroups.

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G10L 15/28
.
Constructional details of speech recognition systems
G10L 15/285
. .
{
Memory allocation or algorithm optimisation to reduce hardware requirements
}
G10L 15/30
. .
Distributed recognition, e.g. in client-server systems, for mobile phones or network applications
G10L 15/32
. .
Multiple recognisers used in sequence or in parallel; Score combination systems therefor, e.g. voting systems
G10L 15/34
. .
Adaptation of a single recogniser for parallel processing, e.g. by use of multiple processors or cloud computing
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G10L 17/00
Speaker identification or verification
G10L 17/005
.
{
Speaker recognisers specially adapted for particular applications (G07C 9/00071 takes precedence)
}
WARNING
-
This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from September 1, 2012. The backlog is being reclassified to G10L 17/00 and subgroups.

G10L 17/02
.
Preprocessing operations, e.g. segment selection; Pattern representation or modelling, e.g. based on linear discriminant analysis [LDA] or principal components; Feature selection or extraction
G10L 17/04
.
Training, enrolment or model building
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G10L 17/06
.
Decision making techniques; Pattern matching strategies
G10L 17/08
. .
Use of distortion metrics or a particular distance between probe pattern and reference templates
G10L 17/10
. .
Multimodal systems, i.e. based on the integration of multiple recognition engines or fusion of expert systems
G10L 17/12
. .
Score normalisation
G10L 17/14
. .
Use of phonemic categorisation or speech recognition prior to speaker recognition or verification
G10L 17/16
.
Hidden Markov models [HMMs]
G10L 17/18
.
Artificial neural networks; Connectionist approaches
G10L 17/20
.
Pattern transformations or operations aimed at increasing system robustness, e.g. against channel noise or different working conditions
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G10L 17/22
.
Interactive procedures; Man-machine interfaces
G10L 17/24
. .
the user being prompted to utter a password or a predefined phrase
G10L 17/26
.
Recognition of special voice characteristics, e.g. for use in lie detectors; Recognition of animal voices
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G10L 19/00
Speech or audio signal analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signal, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis (in musical instruments G10H)
G10L 19/0017
.
{
Lossless audio signal coding; Perfect reconstruction of coded audio signal by transmission of coding error (G10L 19/24 takes precedence)
}
G10L 19/0018
.
{
Speech coding using phonetic or linguistical decoding of the source; Reconstruction using text-to-speech synthesis
}
G10L 19/0019
.
{
Vocoders specially adapted for particular applications
}
WARNING
-
This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from September 1, 2012. The backlog is being reclassified to G10L 19/00 and subgroups.

G10L 19/002
.
Dynamic bit allocation (for perceptual audio coders G10L 19/032)
G10L 19/005
.
Correction of errors induced by the transmission channel, if related to the coding algorithm
G10L 19/008
.
Multichannel audio signal coding or decoding, i.e. using interchannel correlation to reduce redundancies, e.g. joint-stereo, intensity-coding, matrixing (arrangements for reproducing spatial sound H04R 5/00; stereophonic systems, e.g. spatial sound capture or matrixing of audio signals in the decoded state H04S)
G10L 19/012
.
Comfort noise or silence coding
G10L 19/018
.
Audio watermarking, i.e. embedding inaudible data in the audio signal
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G10L 19/02
.
using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
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G10L 19/0204
. .
{
using subband decomposition
}
G10L 19/0208
. . .
{
Subband vocoders
}
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G10L 19/0212
. .
{
using orthogonal transformation
}
G10L 19/0216
. . .
{
using wavelet decomposition
}
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G10L 19/022
. .
Blocking, i.e. grouping of samples in time; Choice of analysis windows; Overlap factoring
G10L 19/025
. . .
Detection of transients or attacks for time/frequency resolution switching
G10L 19/028
. .
Noise substitution, i.e. substituting non-tonal spectral components by noisy source (comfort noise for discontinuous speech transmission G10L 19/012)
G10L 19/03
. .
Spectral prediction for preventing pre-echo; Temporary noise shaping [TNS], e.g. in MPEG2 or MPEG4
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G10L 19/032
. .
Quantisation or dequantisation of spectral components
G10L 19/035
. . .
Scalar quantisation
G10L 19/038
. . .
Vector quantisation, e.g. TwinVQ audio
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G10L 19/04
.
using predictive techniques
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G10L 19/06
. .
Determination or coding of the spectral characteristics, e.g. of the short-term prediction coefficients
G10L 19/07
. . .
Line spectrum pair [LSP] vocoders
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G10L 19/08
. .
Determination or coding of the excitation function ; Determination or coding of the long-term prediction parameters
G10L 19/083
. . .
the excitation function being an excitation gain (G10L 25/90 takes precedence)
G10L 19/087
. . .
using mixed excitation models, e.g. MELP, MBE, split band LPC or HVXC
G10L 19/09
. . .
Long term prediction, i.e. removing periodical redundancies, e.g. by using adaptive codebook or pitch predictor
G10L 19/093
. . .
using sinusoidal excitation models
G10L 19/097
. . .
using prototype waveform decomposition or prototype waveform interpolative [PWI] coders
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G10L 19/10
. . .
the excitation function being a multipulse excitation
G10L 19/107
. . . .
Sparse pulse excitation, e.g. by using algebraic codebook
G10L 19/113
. . . .
Regular pulse excitation
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G10L 19/12
. . .
the excitation function being a code excitation, e.g. in code excited linear prediction [CELP] vocoders
G10L 19/125
. . . .
Pitch excitation, e.g. pitch synchronous innovation CELP [PSI-CELP]
G10L 19/13
. . . .
Residual excited linear prediction [RELP]
G10L 19/135
. . . .
Vector sum excited linear prediction [VSELP]
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G10L 19/16
. .
Vocoder architecture
G10L 19/167
. . .
{
Audio streaming, i.e. formatting and decoding of an encoded audio signal representation into a data stream for transmission or storage purposes
}
G10L 19/173
. . .
{
Transcoding, i.e. converting between two coded representations avoiding cascaded coding-decoding
}
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G10L 19/18
. . .
Vocoders using multiple modes
G10L 19/20
. . . .
using sound class specific coding, hybrid encoders or object based coding
G10L 19/22
. . . .
Mode decision, i.e. based on audio signal content versus external parameters
G10L 19/24
. . . .
Variable rate codecs, e.g. for generating different qualities using a scalable representation such as hierarchical encoding or layered encoding
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G10L 19/26
. .
Pre-filtering or post-filtering
G10L 19/265
. . .
{
Pre-filtering, e.g. high frequency emphasis prior to encoding
}
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G10L 21/00
Processing of the speech or voice signal to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility (G10L 19/00 takes precedence)
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G10L 21/003
.
Changing voice quality, e.g. pitch or formants
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G10L 21/007
. .
characterised by the process used
G10L 21/01
. . .
Correction of time axis
G10L 21/013
. . .
Adapting to target pitch
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G10L 21/02
.
Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation (reducing echo effects in line transmission systems H04B 3/20 ; echo suppression in hands-free telephones H04M 9/08)
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G10L 21/0202
. .
{
Applications
}
WARNING
-
This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from September 1, 2012. The backlog is being reclassified to G10L 21/00 and subgroups.

G10L 21/0205
. . .
{
Enhancement of intelligibility of clean or coded speech
}
WARNING
-
This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from September 1, 2012. The backlog is being reclassified to G10L 21/0364, G10L 21/057.

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G10L 21/0208
. .
Noise filtering
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G10L 21/0216
. . .
characterised by the method used for estimating noise
G10L 21/0224
. . . .
Processing in the time domain
G10L 21/0232
. . . .
Processing in the frequency domain
G10L 21/0264
. . .
characterised by the type of parameter measurement, e.g. correlation techniques, zero crossing techniques or predictive techniques
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G10L 21/0272
. .
Voice signal separating
G10L 21/028
. . .
using properties of sound source
G10L 21/0308
. . .
characterised by the type of parameter measurement, e.g. correlation techniques, zero crossing techniques or predictive techniques
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G10L 21/0316
. .
by changing the amplitude
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G10L 21/0324
. . .
Details of processing therefor
G10L 21/0332
. . . .
involving modification of waveforms
G10L 21/034
. . . .
Automatic adjustment
G10L 21/0356
. . .
for synchronising with other signals, e.g. video signals
G10L 21/0364
. . .
for improving intelligibility
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G10L 21/038
. .
using band spreading techniques
G10L 21/0388
. . .
Details of processing therefor
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G10L 21/04
.
Time compression or expansion
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G10L 21/043
. .
by changing speed
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G10L 21/045
. . .
using thinning out or insertion of a waveform
G10L 21/047
. . . .
characterised by the type of waveform to be thinned out or inserted
G10L 21/049
. . . .
characterised by the interconnection of waveforms
G10L 21/055
. .
for synchronising with other signals, e.g. video signals
G10L 21/057
. .
for improving intelligibility
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G10L 21/06
.
Transformation of speech into a non-audible representation, e.g. speech visualisation or speech processing for tactile aids (G10L 15/26 takes precedence)
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G10L 21/10
. .
transforming into visible information
G10L 21/12
. . .
by displaying time domain information
G10L 21/14
. . .
by displaying frequency domain information
G10L 21/16
. .
transforming into a non-visible representation (devices or methods enabling ear patients to replace direct auditory perception by another kind of perception A61F 11/04)
G10L 21/18
. .
Details of the transformation process
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G10L 25/00
Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L 15/00-G10L 21/00
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G10L 25/03
.
characterised by the type of extracted parameters
G10L 25/06
. .
the extracted parameters being correlation coefficients
G10L 25/09
. .
the extracted parameters being zero crossing rates
G10L 25/12
. .
the extracted parameters being prediction coefficients
G10L 25/15
. .
the extracted parameters being formant information
G10L 25/18
. .
the extracted parameters being spectral information of each sub-band
G10L 25/21
. .
the extracted parameters being power information
G10L 25/24
. .
the extracted parameters being the cepstrum
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G10L 25/27
.
characterised by the analysis technique
G10L 25/30
. .
using neural networks
G10L 25/33
. .
using fuzzy logic
G10L 25/36
. .
using chaos theory
G10L 25/39
. .
using genetic algorithms
G10L 25/45
.
characterised by the type of analysis window
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G10L 25/48
.
specially adapted for particular use
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G10L 25/51
. .
for comparison or discrimination
G10L 25/54
. . .
for retrieval
G10L 25/57
. . .
for processing of video signals
G10L 25/60
. . .
for measuring the quality of voice signals
G10L 25/63
. . .
for estimating an emotional state
G10L 25/66
. . .
for extracting parameters related to health condition (detecting or measuring for diagnostic purposes A61B 5/00)
G10L 25/69
. .
for evaluating synthetic or decoded voice signals
G10L 25/72
. .
for transmitting results of analysis
G10L 25/75
.
for modelling vocal tract parameters
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G10L 25/78
.
Detection of presence or absence of voice signals (switching of direction of transmission by voice frequency in two-way loud-speaking telephone systems H04M 9/10)
G10L 25/81
. .
for discriminating voice from music
G10L 25/84
. .
for discriminating voice from noise
G10L 25/87
. .
Detection of discrete points within a voice signal
G10L 25/90
.
Pitch determination of speech signals
G10L 25/93
.
Discriminating between voiced and unvoiced parts of speech signals (G10L 25/90 takes precedence)
G10L 99/00
Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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G10L 2013/00
Speech synthesis; Text to speech systems
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G10L 2013/02
.
Methods for producing synthetic speech; Speech synthesisers
G10L 2013/021
. .
{
Overlap-add techniques
}
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G10L 2013/08
.
Text analysis or generation of parameters for speech synthesis out of text, e.g. grapheme to phoneme translation, prosody generation or stress or intonation determination
G10L 2013/083
. .
{
Special characters, e.g. punctuation marks
}
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G10L 2013/10
. .
Prosody rules derived from text; Stress or intonation
G10L 2013/105
. . .
{
Duration
}
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G10L 2015/00
Speech recognition (G10L 17/00 takes precedence)
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G10L 2015/02
.
Feature extraction for speech recognition; Selection of recognition unit
G10L 2015/022
. .
{
Demisyllables, biphones or triphones being the recognition units
}
G10L 2015/025
. .
{
Phonemes, fenemes or fenones being the recognition units
}
G10L 2015/027
. .
{
Syllables being the recognition units
}
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G10L 2015/06
.
Creation of reference templates ; Training of speech recognition systems, e.g. adaptation to the characteristics of the speaker's voice (G10L 15/14 takes precedence)
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G10L 2015/063
. .
{
Training
}
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G10L 2015/0631
. . .
{
Creating reference templates; Clustering
}
G10L 2015/0633
. . . .
{
using lexical or orthographic knowledge sources
}
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G10L 2015/0635
. . .
{
updating or merging of old and new templates; Mean values; Weighting
}
G10L 2015/0636
. . . .
{
Threshold criteria for the updating
}
G10L 2015/0638
. . .
{
Interactive procedures
}
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G10L 2015/08
.
Speech classification or search
G10L 2015/081
. .
{
Search algorithms, e.g. Baum-Welch or Viterbi
}
G10L 2015/085
. .
{
Methods for reducing search complexity, pruning
}
G10L 2015/086
. .
{
Recognition of spelled words
}
G10L 2015/088
. .
{
Word spotting
}
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G10L 2015/22
.
Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialogue
G10L 2015/221
. .
Announcement of recognition results
G10L 2015/223
. .
Execution procedure of a spoken command
G10L 2015/225
. .
Feedback of the input speech
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G10L 2015/226
. .
Taking into account non-speech caracteristics
G10L 2015/227
. . .
of the speaker; Human-factor methodology
G10L 2015/228
. . .
of application context
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G10L 2019/00
Speech or audio signal analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signal, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis (in musical instruments G10H)
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G10L 2019/0001
.
{
Codebooks
}
G10L 2019/0002
. .
{
Codebook adaptations
}
G10L 2019/0003
. .
{
Backward prediction of gain
}
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G10L 2019/0004
. .
{
Design or structure of the codebook
}
G10L 2019/0005
. . .
{
Multi-stage vector quantisation
}
G10L 2019/0006
. . .
{
Tree or treillis structures; Delayed decisions
}
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G10L 2019/0007
. .
{
Codebook element generation
}
G10L 2019/0008
. . .
{
Algebraic codebooks
}
G10L 2019/0009
. . .
{
Orthogonal codebooks
}
G10L 2019/001
. . .
{
Interpolation of codebook vectors
}
G10L 2019/0011
. .
{
Long term prediction filters, i.e. pitch estimation
}
G10L 2019/0012
. .
{
Smoothing of parameters of the decoder interpolation
}
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G10L 2019/0013
. .
{
Codebook search algorithms
}
G10L 2019/0014
. . .
{
Selection criteria for distances
}
G10L 2019/0015
. . .
{
Viterbi algorithms
}
G10L 2019/0016
. .
{
Codebook for LPC parameters
}
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G10L 2021/00
Processing of the speech or voice signal to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility (G10L 19/00 takes precedence)
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G10L 2021/003
.
Changing voice quality, e.g. pitch or formants
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G10L 2021/007
. .
characterised by the process used
Collapse
G10L 2021/013
. . .
Adapting to target pitch
G10L 2021/0135
. . . .
{
Voice conversion or morphing
}
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G10L 2021/02
.
Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation (reducing echo effects in line transmission systems H04B 3/20 ; echo suppression in hands-free telephones H04M 9/08)
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G10L 2021/0208
. .
Noise filtering
G10L 2021/02082
. . .
{
the noise being echo, reverberation of the speech
}
G10L 2021/02085
. . .
{
Periodic noise
}
G10L 2021/02087
. . .
{
the noise being separate speech, e.g. cocktail party
}
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G10L 2021/0216
. . .
characterised by the method used for estimating noise
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G10L 2021/02161
. . . .
{
Number of inputs available containing the signal or the noise to be suppressed
}
G10L 2021/02163
. . . . .
{
Only one microphone
}
G10L 2021/02165
. . . . .
{
Two microphones, one receiving mainly the noise signal and the other one mainly the speech signal
}
G10L 2021/02166
. . . . .
{
Microphone arrays; Beamforming
}
G10L 2021/02168
. . . .
{
the estimation exclusively taking place during speech pauses
}
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G10L 2021/0316
. .
by changing the amplitude
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G10L 2021/0364
. . .
for improving intelligibility
G10L 2021/03643
. . . .
{
Diver speech
}
G10L 2021/03646
. . . .
{
Stress or Lombard effect
}
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G10L 2021/04
.
Time compression or expansion
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G10L 2021/057
. .
for improving intelligibility
G10L 2021/0575
. . .
{
Aids for the handicapped in speaking
}
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G10L 2021/06
.
Transformation of speech into a non-audible representation, e.g. speech visualisation or speech processing for tactile aids (G10L 15/26 takes precedence)
G10L 2021/065
. .
{
Aids for the handicapped in understanding
}
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G10L 2021/10
. .
transforming into visible information
G10L 2021/105
. . .
{
Synthesis of the lips movements from speech, e.g. for talking heads
}
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G10L 2025/00
Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L 15/00-G10L 21/00
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G10L 2025/78
.
Detection of presence or absence of voice signals (switching of direction of transmission by voice frequency in two-way loud-speaking telephone systems H04M 9/10)
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G10L 2025/783
. .
{
based on threshold decision
}
G10L 2025/786
. . .
{
Adaptive threshold
}
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G10L 2025/90
.
Pitch determination of speech signals
G10L 2025/903
. .
{
using a laryngograph
}
G10L 2025/906
. .
{
Pitch tracking
}
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G10L 2025/93
.
Discriminating between voiced and unvoiced parts of speech signals (G10L 25/90 takes precedence)
G10L 2025/932
. .
{
Decision in previous or following frames
}
G10L 2025/935
. .
{
Mixed voiced class; Transitions
}
G10L 2025/937
. .
{
Signal energy in various frequency bands
}
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Last Modified: 04/16/2013 4:31:16 PM