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U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Electronic Information Products Division
Patent Technology Monitoring Team (PTMT)

U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES-
UTILITY PATENT GRANTS,
CALENDAR YEARS 1969-2005

- this report has been prepared with support from the National Science Foundation -

BREAKOUT BY TECHNOLOGY CLASS -
PATENTS DISTRIBUTED BY CALENDAR YEAR OF GRANT

NUMBER OF UTILITY PATENTS ASSIGNED ANNUALLY
TO U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES RANKED IN THE
TOP 200 BY R&D EXPENDITURES IN FY 2004

- Explanation of Data -

Rank Ordered Listing of Technology Classes Receiving 1 or More Utility Patents During the Period

This Summary Table Displays Patent Counts By Technology Class
For Each of the:

TOP 200 R&D UNIVERSITIES, COMBINED

( count of patent grants, as distributed by calendar year of grant )
( technology class is determined by the primary patent classification - see 'Explanation of Data' )

Annual patent counts for the university.
Counts of granted patents are either distributed by the year of patent grant
or by the year of patent filing. Multiple assignee names may be associated
with a university.
Class Class Title PRE_1985 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total
424 Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions (includes Class 514) 437 55 87 126 111 168 188 215 196 246 241 251 363 455 605 616 609 568 593 570 456 401 7557
435 Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology 256 38 54 79 82 111 100 105 143 174 197 225 329 482 655 669 562 653 550 485 428 363 6740
532 Organic Compounds (includes Classes 532-570) 400 42 46 52 42 68 90 85 113 117 124 140 128 158 168 203 179 192 233 172 157 146 3055
128 Surgery (includes Class 600) 165 16 24 28 31 44 49 50 64 58 71 75 69 71 86 99 102 93 89 116 98 78 1576
530 Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof 57 17 14 22 26 37 30 32 45 35 40 44 59 75 128 128 105 99 81 78 85 67 1304
520 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers (includes Classes 520-528) 100 10 18 14 11 18 28 32 64 63 45 50 71 48 65 68 67 66 66 79 53 50 1086
250 Radiant Energy 108 9 10 13 24 38 29 44 37 39 45 43 56 35 47 54 35 51 58 59 79 69 982
073 Measuring and Testing 162 21 15 20 11 30 22 17 25 33 32 24 21 46 33 41 42 46 43 37 47 46 814
800 Multicellular Living Organisms and Unmodified Parts Thereof and Related Processes 5 2 1 1 1 2 0 4 9 2 6 8 30 60 67 86 78 70 88 68 69 53 710
324 Electricity: Measuring and Testing 70 7 16 28 23 40 27 29 20 34 30 28 54 23 23 29 29 32 34 31 42 33 682
359 Optics: Systems and Elements 63 8 11 6 10 23 14 22 22 19 22 22 15 28 44 39 53 39 54 47 47 46 654
436 Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing 92 16 5 13 12 13 7 10 20 24 21 27 20 22 35 40 42 45 42 54 48 36 644
356 Optics: Measuring and Testing 58 9 8 18 13 17 23 18 16 10 20 19 18 25 37 37 52 45 44 59 50 42 638
257 Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes) 36 3 10 8 3 12 20 24 23 17 35 28 24 25 34 28 27 29 36 69 44 64 599
428 Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles 42 1 7 4 12 6 17 7 20 10 16 23 19 25 40 33 45 37 65 52 44 61 586
438 Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process 35 7 6 10 12 20 9 15 17 20 14 17 17 23 25 33 33 45 49 57 69 53 586
204 Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy 73 3 5 8 9 18 12 18 31 24 32 31 20 17 19 31 27 20 32 25 24 27 506
372 Coherent Light Generators 47 10 12 8 13 21 20 23 20 26 20 26 22 26 26 21 24 26 20 22 42 21 496
427 Coating Processes 24 4 8 5 7 14 18 19 27 16 29 27 21 23 30 34 36 37 28 38 22 23 490
606 Surgery (instruments) 34 3 11 11 13 9 14 13 12 12 17 22 24 25 32 49 23 22 32 35 29 21 463
210 Liquid Purification or Separation 72 11 6 11 5 13 11 22 23 29 19 22 20 16 22 27 30 10 17 17 22 21 446
604 Surgery (Medicators and Receptors) 45 8 14 14 20 9 19 16 25 18 27 28 15 19 28 22 19 14 20 21 18 19 438
385 Optical Waveguides 15 10 5 5 17 11 10 8 7 8 13 7 9 12 17 15 22 22 44 45 52 50 404
382 Image Analysis 6 1 0 3 5 11 8 8 11 9 11 10 21 20 46 34 16 37 27 42 42 28 396
423 Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds 74 4 2 2 3 5 14 10 24 12 12 16 21 17 14 20 15 17 21 26 35 26 390
426 Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products 82 10 4 5 2 10 12 16 13 9 21 15 22 15 14 24 16 20 14 13 9 7 353
378 X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices 57 6 3 8 4 14 8 9 15 15 8 19 15 13 14 14 16 14 11 19 22 18 322
422 Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing 28 2 4 5 4 10 9 11 8 15 7 14 12 9 19 18 19 22 23 28 25 16 308
264 Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes 33 6 1 4 6 10 11 20 16 11 9 10 11 14 16 15 23 23 17 16 18 9 299
623 Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor 39 9 9 10 9 7 10 12 14 5 11 4 12 13 11 17 11 20 22 19 11 7 282
702 DP: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing (Data Processing) 6 0 3 2 4 11 6 4 9 10 11 4 12 8 14 10 8 13 12 40 32 46 265
205 Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions 40 5 2 4 9 2 13 7 8 12 19 12 6 8 5 25 18 17 16 10 12 9 259
607 Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application 18 11 13 8 6 6 7 9 8 8 9 7 10 5 18 17 15 12 15 24 13 14 253
429 Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process 23 8 1 2 3 5 2 2 2 3 8 10 9 12 8 13 15 19 18 17 28 20 228
345 Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems 14 0 4 4 1 3 1 5 1 8 6 11 12 11 21 10 15 27 14 20 13 15 216
252 Compositions 24 3 5 0 3 5 1 10 8 9 8 11 14 10 12 13 11 16 9 15 11 14 212
310 Electrical Generator or Motor Structure 42 3 3 3 3 6 3 4 7 8 6 4 7 7 16 12 11 16 8 11 15 15 210
502 Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making 17 3 5 6 3 2 4 8 8 12 5 8 15 8 15 6 17 14 11 15 9 17 208
505 Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process 0 0 0 0 0 8 18 22 22 24 26 16 11 8 6 15 4 10 7 5 2 4 208
430 Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof 13 0 3 4 2 3 4 1 4 2 8 5 10 6 9 11 12 10 18 10 19 16 170
219 Electric Heating 19 1 2 4 2 3 3 8 3 7 6 8 7 6 8 11 7 10 10 20 8 13 166
700 DP: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications (Data Processing) 8 1 1 1 1 5 3 6 6 6 5 5 9 9 25 6 4 13 6 12 13 9 154
117 Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor 19 2 6 3 2 10 2 7 7 5 8 3 9 13 6 3 8 2 4 11 10 11 151
148 Metal Treatment 16 6 3 2 1 3 3 2 2 14 5 12 3 6 10 6 4 12 10 10 8 4 142
342 Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation) 17 2 0 1 1 2 5 3 6 4 7 5 15 8 11 10 4 6 8 8 8 10 141
375 Pulse or Digital Communications 10 0 1 1 1 2 4 5 4 6 7 13 6 5 7 2 9 9 13 10 12 14 141
365 Static Information Storage and Retrieval 34 1 6 2 4 10 3 3 2 6 10 8 4 3 4 5 6 10 9 3 3 4 140
062 Refrigeration 24 2 0 3 5 4 5 4 4 6 5 8 3 7 7 6 5 5 4 11 12 5 135
348 Television 16 0 0 2 6 3 3 8 7 7 5 9 3 4 5 6 6 7 7 10 2 8 124
370 Multiplex Communications 5 1 4 0 3 3 3 1 2 5 4 12 8 3 3 7 10 12 4 6 16 12 124
333 Wave Transmission Lines and Networks 33 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 6 8 2 4 4 2 6 10 2 0 3 7 11 10 121
501 Compositions: Ceramic 9 2 1 2 2 8 7 7 7 11 6 7 6 2 4 9 5 4 9 5 2 2 117
216 Etching a Substrate: Processes 3 0 0 2 1 5 4 6 2 1 5 11 5 5 5 10 14 6 7 8 13 3 116
504 Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions 12 1 3 1 2 7 6 3 10 6 8 2 6 10 0 6 3 7 6 8 5 4 116
343 Communications: Radio Wave Antennas 27 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 3 3 7 6 4 3 4 4 5 9 12 6 5 11 114
136 Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric 39 5 2 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 2 6 3 3 6 2 8 7 7 10 4 2 112
209 Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids 34 2 2 3 5 5 3 7 5 7 3 2 1 2 6 6 3 6 2 2 3 3 112
313 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices 13 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 3 4 7 9 12 12 8 8 12 7 10 111
075 Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures 25 1 2 2 4 3 2 6 3 7 4 2 4 4 6 7 4 6 4 4 3 5 108
060 Power Plants 18 0 0 2 3 1 1 0 1 6 2 6 5 6 4 6 9 5 8 10 6 6 105
315 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems 19 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 4 0 3 5 7 4 10 5 5 2 2 9 4 11 105
318 Electricity: Motive Power Systems 18 0 1 0 3 3 0 6 3 7 8 10 11 4 6 5 1 3 5 4 3 4 105
341 Coded Data Generation or Conversion 9 0 1 1 3 3 5 2 4 5 4 2 7 2 4 9 5 7 13 5 9 5 105
398 Optical Communications 9 1 1 1 2 0 2 4 2 0 5 0 5 4 8 5 2 5 8 13 19 9 105
708 Arithmetic Processing and Calculating (Electrical Computers) 23 2 0 5 6 8 5 3 6 5 7 5 7 4 3 4 2 2 4 1 1 2 105
363 Electric Power Conversion Systems 18 0 1 1 3 3 2 1 3 4 2 5 4 7 2 5 2 6 6 10 9 9 103
327 Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems 19 1 2 0 2 2 1 2 5 5 5 6 4 2 3 1 4 4 4 5 9 11 97
340 Communications: Electrical 15 2 2 2 2 2 1 4 1 5 3 3 4 2 7 3 8 6 2 4 8 11 97
029 Metal Working 10 0 1 2 0 2 3 2 2 7 5 3 4 6 4 7 4 5 8 8 9 2 94
434 Education and Demonstration 22 0 1 1 3 1 2 0 1 1 0 2 3 1 10 5 7 3 16 7 5 3 94
707 DP: Database and File Management or Data Structures (Data Processing) 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 4 9 11 9 3 11 10 7 12 11 92
095 Gas Separation: Processes 11 1 1 2 3 1 3 3 6 7 5 0 3 0 5 6 5 4 8 8 4 3 89
106 Compositions: Coating or Plastic 13 1 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 3 6 8 6 5 8 3 2 5 8 4 10 2 89
361 Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices 13 0 1 0 0 3 3 4 1 2 4 4 5 8 4 8 2 4 6 4 7 6 89
704 DP: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression (Data Processing) 7 0 0 3 0 4 1 3 0 0 6 2 3 7 12 11 7 8 7 1 5 1 88
351 Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting 6 0 2 1 6 6 2 4 2 0 5 2 2 1 3 9 8 4 6 6 6 5 86
119 Animal Husbandry 13 1 4 2 4 4 5 6 3 1 6 1 1 2 4 5 2 7 4 5 2 3 85
585 Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds 9 3 1 2 1 3 3 2 4 4 5 3 4 4 6 4 2 5 9 4 2 5 85
706 DP: Artificial Intelligence (Data Processing) 2 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 2 4 8 7 5 8 6 4 2 5 5 8 3 7 85
052 Static Structures (e.g., Buildings) 12 1 0 2 0 3 0 3 2 0 2 5 4 7 4 8 4 7 5 6 2 6 83
367 Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices 16 0 1 0 0 3 3 3 2 5 9 2 3 5 4 5 5 4 3 4 3 2 82
701 DP: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative Location (Data Processing) 1 1 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 3 2 3 7 4 3 7 8 4 7 7 9 8 80
712 Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing, e.g., Processors (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 3 0 2 1 1 4 2 3 5 3 3 2 9 3 4 5 10 6 3 2 5 4 80
703 DP: Structural Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Emulation (Data Processing) 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 5 8 3 2 3 7 10 7 5 4 6 11 76
433 Dentistry 15 1 0 2 7 3 5 1 1 3 0 2 3 2 6 4 4 8 2 3 2 1 75
714 Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery 7 1 0 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 6 5 3 7 1 6 2 3 4 5 4 73
156 Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture 5 2 0 1 1 1 5 2 1 2 5 5 4 8 4 5 3 5 2 2 6 3 72
374 Thermal Measuring and Testing 13 1 2 1 2 6 2 1 6 1 3 1 0 3 4 1 5 4 2 5 6 2 71
417 Pumps 14 0 2 0 1 2 1 5 1 3 3 2 0 2 1 2 6 6 4 6 5 2 68
118 Coating Apparatus 12 0 4 1 1 1 0 0 6 0 4 2 2 3 4 3 8 4 4 4 4 0 67
123 Internal-Combustion Engines 13 1 2 3 2 3 5 3 1 2 2 3 2 4 3 2 2 1 0 6 3 4 67
165 Heat Exchange 9 1 1 1 2 5 3 5 2 1 3 4 2 1 1 2 2 1 6 4 4 5 65
335 Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets 4 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 4 2 7 4 4 4 4 2 5 3 4 5 3 5 65
349 Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 4 2 4 1 3 6 4 4 7 6 6 3 3 3 3 65
047 Plant Husbandry 16 2 3 0 1 1 0 0 1 3 2 3 2 6 2 3 1 4 5 4 2 3 64
405 Hydraulic and Earth Engineering 7 2 0 3 1 2 1 2 1 5 3 2 2 5 1 3 4 4 3 4 3 5 63
455 Telecommunications 8 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 6 4 7 6 62
137 Fluid Handling 19 1 1 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 2 5 2 2 3 9 3 3 4 61
381 Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices 9 5 1 1 3 1 2 2 3 0 2 1 4 3 3 2 1 7 1 3 5 2 61
326 Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry 5 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 3 1 0 5 1 2 2 3 4 4 2 5 9 9 60
419 Powder Metallurgy Processes 3 1 1 1 0 3 1 3 2 2 7 4 3 4 2 4 6 2 1 4 4 2 60
709 Multicomputer Data Transferring (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 1 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 2 2 1 4 0 5 3 8 3 4 5 3 11 58
074 Machine Element or Mechanism 16 1 2 0 2 1 2 2 4 4 2 0 2 3 5 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 55
244 Aeronautics and Astronautics 10 1 2 1 1 0 0 2 3 2 1 3 1 2 1 4 5 3 4 4 2 2 54
056 Harvesters 42 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 53
601 Surgery: Kinesitherapy 4 1 1 0 0 3 6 1 1 0 1 2 4 4 5 2 2 1 4 3 3 5 53
162 Paper Making and Fiber Liberation 3 1 1 0 2 0 0 4 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 2 7 8 2 1 0 51
239 Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing 5 0 1 4 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 7 7 6 1 4 0 2 1 49
711 Memory (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 9 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 2 0 2 2 3 3 3 3 0 4 3 6 4 49
330 Amplifiers 10 1 1 1 2 0 0 4 3 1 2 3 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 7 7 48
376 Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements 7 0 0 3 0 1 0 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 5 1 5 4 2 1 6 48
044 Fuel and Related Compositions 8 1 1 5 1 2 2 2 3 0 0 2 5 2 0 2 3 2 2 0 3 0 46
331 Oscillators 13 0 2 0 0 2 0 4 1 2 0 1 1 1 4 0 2 1 2 1 2 7 46
716 DP: Design and Analysis of Circuit or Semiconductor Mask (Data Processing) 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 2 2 3 9 3 8 3 45
084 Music 10 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 4 5 3 3 5 2 1 0 0 1 1 44
134 Cleaning and Liquid Contact with Solids 11 0 0 0 1 3 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 3 3 5 1 2 1 4 3 0 43
180 Motor Vehicles 2 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 1 1 7 4 5 0 1 2 3 42
164 Metal Founding 9 1 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 4 0 1 40
166 Wells (shafts or deep borings in the earth, e.g., for oil and gas) 8 4 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 0 0 2 0 1 1 3 2 4 2 38
280 Land Vehicles 13 4 0 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 0 38
307 Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems 13 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 38
065 Glass Manufacturing 6 0 1 2 2 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 4 3 0 3 1 4 36
096 Gas Separation: Apparatus 13 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 3 1 2 35
414 Material or Article Handling 13 1 0 2 1 2 2 2 1 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 2 1 1 35
431 Combustion 3 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 4 4 1 3 4 3 2 2 35
034 Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact with Solids 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 0 2 2 3 4 2 2 3 1 1 2 34
043 Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 2 2 0 3 2 9 1 6 34
127 Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates 10 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 5 0 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 0 1 34
228 Metal Fusion Bonding 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 4 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 5 1 3 34
516 Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents, Subcombinations Thereof, Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 2 2 0 1 0 3 4 2 3 1 4 3 3 1 0 34
126 Stoves and Furnaces 22 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 33
208 Mineral Oils: Processes and Products 13 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 4 3 1 0 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 33
369 Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 2 2 1 3 0 3 6 3 1 2 0 4 0 2 33
588 Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 2 4 4 2 3 2 3 4 2 0 0 33
174 Electricity: Conductors and Insulators 5 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 2 0 2 2 3 3 3 1 3 0 32
360 Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval 13 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 4 0 0 3 3 0 32
451 Abrading 5 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 4 3 4 0 1 2 1 1 3 32
602 Surgery: Splint, Brace, or Bandage 7 0 3 4 0 0 3 0 4 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 1 32
713 Support (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 1 3 1 3 3 0 2 3 5 32