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U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Electronic Information Products Division
Patent Technology Monitoring Team (PTMT)

U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES-
UTILITY PATENT GRANTS,
CALENDAR YEARS 1969-2005

- this report has been prepared with support from the National Science Foundation -

BREAKOUT BY TECHNOLOGY CLASS -
PATENTS DISTRIBUTED BY CALENDAR YEAR OF PATENT APPLICATION

NUMBER OF UTILITY PATENTS ASSIGNED ANNUALLY
TO U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
 

- Explanation of Data -

Rank Ordered Listing of Technology Classes Receiving 1 or More Utility Patents During the Period

This Summary Table Displays Patent Counts By Technology Class For
Patents Granted To:

ALL U.S. UNIVERSITIES, COMBINED

( count of patent grants, as distributed by calendar year of patent application )
( technology class is determined by the primary patent classification - see 'Explanation of Data' )

Annual patent counts for the university.
Counts of granted patents are either distributed by the year of patent grant
or by the year of patent filing. Multiple assignee names may be associated
with a university.
Class Class Title PRE_1985 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total
424 Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions (includes Class 514) 836 134 135 166 193 202 227 226 283 391 520 844 539 618 618 619 625 486 347 97 17 0 8123
435 Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology 524 92 88 107 112 123 142 169 232 356 567 789 489 620 605 640 597 490 198 41 10 0 6991
532 Organic Compounds (includes Classes 532-570) 660 50 62 74 89 104 91 119 136 165 185 231 148 204 165 214 231 175 132 84 12 0 3331
128 Surgery (includes Class 600) 242 22 41 35 60 47 63 68 65 96 77 105 87 113 117 101 122 129 75 24 3 0 1692
530 Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof 138 24 29 38 35 46 35 40 55 66 115 141 79 102 118 109 88 70 25 6 2 0 1361
520 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers (includes Classes 520-528) 176 27 23 15 36 45 53 57 61 66 81 85 72 73 70 76 88 76 67 25 3 0 1275
250 Radiant Energy 151 12 18 33 33 41 39 39 50 48 55 51 55 53 67 68 63 62 67 46 9 0 1060
073 Measuring and Testing 215 15 18 17 27 24 35 28 35 32 34 48 42 46 43 62 37 39 44 35 10 0 886
324 Electricity: Measuring and Testing 107 18 21 20 40 41 28 37 39 27 40 45 39 39 25 28 32 39 43 23 9 0 740
800 Multicellular Living Organisms and Unmodified Parts Thereof and Related Processes 11 1 1 4 5 4 10 10 10 11 56 97 79 80 97 101 75 52 24 1 1 0 730
436 Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing 157 16 13 10 12 16 14 19 24 27 41 32 42 39 43 50 55 55 24 11 1 0 701
356 Optics: Measuring and Testing 95 15 15 14 18 29 20 11 21 17 23 32 37 46 43 62 52 62 44 19 4 0 679
359 Optics: Systems and Elements 95 8 11 16 14 25 20 22 24 17 27 32 42 35 59 34 64 42 49 35 5 0 676
428 Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles 63 11 9 10 14 14 20 11 15 26 35 38 36 51 47 47 55 40 52 32 7 0 633
257 Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes) 56 8 5 6 19 25 23 17 31 27 34 39 36 31 30 42 45 51 43 39 9 0 616
438 Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process 52 7 9 15 15 16 16 16 16 24 26 31 32 34 28 41 52 63 63 40 5 0 601
204 Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy 93 6 8 18 14 30 27 23 26 29 22 32 38 23 22 32 38 33 16 2 1 0 533
427 Coating Processes 40 4 9 18 14 22 31 16 29 28 32 41 26 34 28 52 33 31 22 13 1 0 524
372 Coherent Light Generators 75 11 9 14 22 25 19 22 29 20 26 34 26 23 27 25 37 28 27 11 0 0 510
210 Liquid Purification or Separation 103 11 7 8 19 25 24 24 30 25 22 29 22 31 28 18 25 24 24 9 0 0 508
606 Surgery (instruments) 60 10 9 11 11 18 14 13 17 22 30 32 27 44 26 34 35 42 20 4 0 0 479
604 Surgery (Medicators and Receptors) 75 10 16 18 15 17 25 25 28 22 22 38 21 20 26 22 26 25 9 10 1 0 471
385 Optical Waveguides 43 6 7 9 11 8 6 8 9 10 11 17 22 21 22 38 33 61 54 20 6 1 423
423 Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds 97 6 5 7 12 13 17 17 11 19 20 26 18 12 21 26 29 33 26 7 1 0 423
382 Image Analysis 12 4 5 11 7 4 14 15 17 13 24 29 36 34 47 42 42 31 17 8 0 0 412
426 Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products 109 2 8 4 11 8 22 10 19 19 23 24 10 19 18 26 16 7 10 3 0 0 368
378 X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices 80 1 9 9 8 12 8 17 11 14 15 18 15 19 15 13 16 20 25 15 2 0 342
422 Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing 46 5 2 10 7 10 8 12 12 15 10 22 18 20 21 33 30 27 14 2 0 0 324
264 Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes 50 5 9 8 11 13 18 14 14 12 13 14 16 20 33 17 20 17 11 6 0 0 321
623 Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor 67 9 10 5 11 15 6 11 10 12 12 12 23 15 10 21 27 16 12 4 0 0 308
702 DP: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing (Data Processing) 11 4 7 5 9 3 9 13 8 7 11 15 13 15 11 15 48 31 28 23 2 0 288
205 Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions 55 6 7 8 9 8 10 8 15 16 6 14 11 27 20 14 18 15 7 3 1 0 278
607 Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application 56 8 8 7 6 7 8 10 6 10 10 9 15 17 20 18 27 19 11 4 0 0 276
429 Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process 41 2 2 9 3 1 3 5 9 11 11 14 13 14 20 26 18 34 18 2 2 0 258
502 Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making 26 7 3 3 7 5 12 7 17 10 18 10 11 15 19 14 18 14 11 7 2 0 236
252 Compositions 41 2 4 2 6 10 11 4 15 10 12 11 21 10 16 10 12 17 12 8 0 0 234
345 Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems 26 1 3 1 6 3 6 5 14 11 11 16 17 20 29 18 15 15 14 2 0 0 233
505 Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process 0 0 0 14 28 22 22 24 23 17 15 11 8 10 5 7 5 5 6 2 0 0 224
310 Electrical Generator or Motor Structure 48 5 2 5 4 7 9 5 6 7 6 10 10 15 13 12 7 23 10 10 0 0 214
430 Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof 24 5 1 1 4 8 0 2 11 2 9 13 16 10 6 16 19 22 12 3 4 0 188
219 Electric Heating 24 1 5 4 3 10 5 3 6 6 13 6 7 9 10 12 8 18 10 14 0 0 174
342 Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation) 24 1 0 2 3 4 7 3 6 12 10 15 12 10 8 9 5 9 11 11 0 0 162
700 DP: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications (Data Processing) 11 1 1 4 6 7 5 6 3 12 9 15 20 5 11 9 12 9 8 7 1 0 162
117 Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor 29 2 4 10 7 5 5 5 9 4 8 16 3 6 6 5 9 14 11 3 0 0 161
062 Refrigeration 32 2 3 5 6 5 4 5 6 7 8 5 8 5 9 5 6 9 14 9 1 0 154
348 Television 29 2 5 9 5 8 10 2 13 4 8 3 11 8 14 6 10 5 1 0 0 0 153
148 Metal Treatment 28 3 0 3 3 3 4 10 6 10 10 11 4 10 5 10 8 13 9 0 0 0 150
375 Pulse or Digital Communications 15 0 0 4 3 6 8 5 9 10 10 9 6 3 16 14 24 7 0 0 1 0 150
365 Static Information Storage and Retrieval 47 3 5 6 5 2 5 7 9 4 7 7 3 2 6 7 10 5 6 3 0 0 149
370 Multiplex Communications 11 2 2 3 3 1 1 7 3 13 8 3 8 13 20 15 12 7 3 4 0 0 139
333 Wave Transmission Lines and Networks 39 1 2 2 2 4 7 7 4 1 5 6 4 10 3 1 5 8 11 7 0 0 129
501 Compositions: Ceramic 11 4 4 6 8 8 9 11 4 5 8 6 6 5 9 3 10 4 2 0 0 0 123
504 Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions 18 2 5 8 5 3 9 6 6 5 6 5 5 7 3 7 8 9 3 3 0 0 123
216 Etching a Substrate: Processes 4 1 1 7 4 4 6 2 5 6 7 8 8 14 8 10 12 5 10 0 0 0 122
343 Communications: Radio Wave Antennas 28 0 1 2 1 1 1 5 9 4 3 4 6 6 3 7 14 8 9 10 0 0 122
315 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems 31 0 4 1 2 6 1 1 2 7 10 7 7 3 4 6 2 10 7 9 1 0 121
209 Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids 42 2 5 3 7 5 7 6 3 3 1 3 6 3 5 10 1 1 4 1 0 0 118
313 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices 13 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 4 7 6 11 18 10 8 15 10 5 3 1 0 118
136 Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric 48 0 1 0 3 1 0 1 0 5 6 6 3 3 8 7 8 7 7 0 0 0 114
075 Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures 27 4 3 4 4 0 7 3 8 3 6 9 4 6 3 5 6 4 5 1 1 0 113
340 Communications: Electrical 20 1 4 1 3 2 3 7 6 5 4 5 6 5 8 7 9 2 9 6 0 0 113
708 Arithmetic Processing and Calculating (Electrical Computers) 41 3 3 2 5 6 8 3 8 4 7 3 4 3 4 3 1 3 2 0 0 0 113
434 Education and Demonstration 29 1 0 4 1 2 1 0 3 2 5 0 13 10 4 8 13 9 2 5 0 0 112
363 Electric Power Conversion Systems 20 0 3 2 5 2 2 6 5 4 7 4 4 2 4 3 10 8 11 8 1 0 111
060 Power Plants 20 2 0 3 1 1 0 4 6 3 6 9 4 3 11 10 6 8 6 5 1 0 109
318 Electricity: Motive Power Systems 19 1 3 3 1 5 6 5 6 10 11 8 6 3 1 4 7 3 5 2 0 0 109
341 Coded Data Generation or Conversion 11 0 2 4 6 2 3 4 5 6 5 3 4 10 4 9 8 9 5 5 2 0 107
398 Optical Communications 15 0 0 2 0 4 2 1 4 2 4 5 8 8 5 14 8 20 4 1 0 0 107
349 Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems 3 2 1 2 2 3 4 2 8 7 7 11 6 15 8 5 6 6 4 4 0 0 106
029 Metal Working 13 1 1 1 2 4 5 3 5 5 7 4 9 6 7 7 10 7 3 1 0 0 101
707 DP: Database and File Management or Data Structures (Data Processing) 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 3 7 6 10 10 15 10 12 10 6 3 0 0 101
327 Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems 22 1 1 2 2 2 6 4 8 4 2 4 1 3 3 4 6 3 8 12 1 0 99
585 Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds 16 2 1 5 5 1 1 7 6 6 9 7 5 1 6 6 10 2 1 2 0 0 99
095 Gas Separation: Processes 17 3 2 2 2 2 5 5 9 3 2 1 3 6 7 5 6 8 7 3 0 0 98
106 Compositions: Coating or Plastic 17 3 0 3 2 0 1 3 4 6 7 7 7 6 4 6 3 8 7 4 0 0 98
361 Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices 16 0 0 3 2 2 3 1 7 6 8 3 8 4 2 7 8 6 5 3 0 0 94
367 Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices 19 0 2 1 4 2 3 7 7 3 2 2 10 7 6 4 5 1 5 3 0 0 93
704 DP: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression (Data Processing) 13 0 1 1 3 4 0 5 3 3 7 11 9 6 9 9 5 2 1 1 0 0 93
706 DP: Artificial Intelligence (Data Processing) 2 0 0 2 4 3 7 3 8 9 6 7 6 4 6 7 6 7 3 0 1 0 91
119 Animal Husbandry 19 5 5 3 7 2 4 1 3 5 2 2 2 6 4 5 2 4 6 1 1 0 89
351 Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting 13 2 4 4 3 2 3 1 3 4 1 1 5 2 8 9 6 7 8 3 0 0 89
052 Static Structures (e.g., Buildings) 14 1 1 2 1 2 1 5 3 2 5 4 8 10 3 6 6 10 4 0 0 0 88
701 DP: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative Location (Data Processing) 2 0 0 2 2 1 3 4 0 6 3 7 4 8 5 7 3 13 7 4 2 1 84
712 Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing, e.g., Processors (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 6 1 4 2 6 2 4 2 2 7 8 4 4 7 7 4 6 2 4 0 0 0 82
156 Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture 9 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 1 13 7 6 8 2 6 3 3 2 2 0 0 80
374 Thermal Measuring and Testing 21 1 1 2 4 3 3 2 3 3 2 4 2 4 4 6 2 6 1 4 1 0 79
703 DP: Structural Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Emulation (Data Processing) 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 4 5 5 4 3 4 9 14 14 9 4 0 0 0 0 79
714 Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery 9 2 0 3 2 4 5 3 4 3 3 6 5 7 4 6 6 5 0 0 0 0 77
118 Coating Apparatus 15 1 3 0 1 2 4 1 3 2 3 2 8 6 5 4 8 4 3 1 0 0 76
433 Dentistry 17 3 2 6 5 2 1 1 2 2 4 4 2 4 5 6 5 2 2 1 0 0 76
123 Internal-Combustion Engines 21 2 3 1 3 4 2 5 0 4 3 2 6 2 1 1 0 5 6 2 0 0 73
417 Pumps 16 2 2 3 0 5 2 1 3 4 1 1 5 1 3 6 6 6 4 2 0 0 73
047 Plant Husbandry 25 0 1 0 2 2 0 3 2 2 5 5 4 5 3 2 3 5 2 0 0 0 71
405 Hydraulic and Earth Engineering 14 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 5 2 3 4 3 2 6 4 3 6 4 2 0 0 70
455 Telecommunications 12 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 3 7 7 4 4 3 6 7 8 3 1 0 0 69
137 Fluid Handling 24 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 5 2 3 4 5 9 3 2 0 0 67
165 Heat Exchange 12 1 1 1 5 5 4 2 4 1 2 2 4 2 0 3 6 3 7 2 0 0 67
381 Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices 21 1 0 1 4 2 2 1 0 3 3 3 3 6 7 3 2 3 0 1 0 0 66
335 Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets 4 2 1 0 1 2 3 3 4 4 7 3 8 1 2 2 5 5 6 2 0 0 65
326 Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry 6 0 0 3 1 1 1 2 1 4 2 4 1 4 3 5 4 6 9 5 2 0 64
419 Powder Metallurgy Processes 6 0 1 0 3 1 4 3 3 7 5 5 3 3 4 3 6 3 2 0 0 0 62
044 Fuel and Related Compositions 21 4 3 0 3 3 3 1 0 1 3 6 1 5 1 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 61
056 Harvesters 50 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 60
244 Aeronautics and Astronautics 16 0 0 1 0 3 1 5 3 2 3 1 1 3 6 2 4 2 6 1 0 0 60
709 Multicomputer Data Transferring (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 2 0 2 0 5 0 2 1 0 3 3 1 6 5 8 4 9 6 1 1 1 0 60
376 Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements 16 0 1 0 0 1 5 1 0 6 1 2 3 6 4 3 1 3 4 2 0 0 59
074 Machine Element or Mechanism 18 1 1 1 2 2 4 3 3 3 2 5 4 1 2 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 57
239 Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing 8 4 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 3 7 4 10 3 3 3 3 2 0 0 0 56
601 Surgery: Kinesitherapy 8 0 0 3 4 2 3 0 0 2 5 7 2 2 4 3 2 3 4 2 0 0 56
162 Paper Making and Fiber Liberation 5 1 2 0 2 1 3 1 1 4 3 3 1 7 2 4 7 3 2 0 0 0 52
330 Amplifiers 14 1 3 0 0 2 2 3 3 3 2 1 0 0 1 0 1 4 4 4 4 0 52
331 Oscillators 18 0 1 0 2 2 3 1 1 0 1 4 1 3 0 2 2 3 3 5 0 0 52
711 Memory (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 9 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 3 1 4 3 1 4 3 2 4 3 2 1 3 0 49
084 Music 12 1 0 0 1 2 2 0 1 6 6 2 3 5 3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 47
134 Cleaning and Liquid Contact with Solids 12 0 0 2 2 0 2 0 2 2 0 4 5 1 2 3 3 5 1 1 0 0 47
180 Motor Vehicles 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 5 4 4 4 5 2 3 0 4 2 0 0 46
716 DP: Design and Analysis of Circuit or Semiconductor Mask (Data Processing) 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 3 1 2 4 3 2 6 5 3 11 0 0 0 46
164 Metal Founding 12 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 2 2 3 2 4 1 5 1 4 2 1 1 0 0 45
588 Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 4 8 3 4 4 5 1 4 6 0 0 0 0 0 44
065 Glass Manufacturing 9 2 2 2 4 2 2 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 3 2 2 3 1 0 0 43
166 Wells (shafts or deep borings in the earth, e.g., for oil and gas) 15 1 1 1 1 2 2 0 3 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 5 2 2 2 0 0 43
280 Land Vehicles 17 0 4 0 0 1 1 2 0 2 1 5 0 1 1 2 4 0 1 0 0 0 42
096 Gas Separation: Apparatus 16 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 0 41
307 Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems 13 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 2 5 2 0 1 4 3 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 41
126 Stoves and Furnaces 33 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40
208 Mineral Oils: Processes and Products 15 2 1 0 1 0 0 2 3 2 1 1 1 2 0 4 1 2 2 0 0 0 40
034 Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact with Solids 9 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 1 0 2 1 3 4 2 2 4 1 2 1 0 0 38
602 Surgery: Splint, Brace, or Bandage 14 1 1 2 0 2 1 2 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 2 0 0 0 37
127 Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates 15 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 4 3 2 3 0 1 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 36
228 Metal Fusion Bonding 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 3 3 3 2 2 2 0 3 2 6 4 0 0 0 36
241 Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration 12 0 2 0 1 0 3 2 0 6 0 3 0 1 0 0 3 2 1 0 0 0 36
360 Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval 16 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 0 0 0 36
414 Material or Article Handling 14 1 2 3 1 3 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 36
451 Abrading 5 0 2 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 3 3 3 5 0 2 4 0 2 2 0 0 36
516 Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents, Subcombinations Thereof, Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting 3 1 1 1 1 3 0 2 0 1 2 6 3 1 4 2 3 2 0 0 0 0 36
008 Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers 7 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 4 1 5 0 3 2 0 0 35
043 Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying 4 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 3 5 8 3 0 0 35
425 Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus 7 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 5 2 2 0 2 5 1 4 1 1 0 0 35
431 Combustion 4 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 3 2 0 3 4 1 4 5 1 3 1 0 0 35