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U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Electronic Information Products Division
Patent Technology Monitoring Team (PTMT)

U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES-
UTILITY PATENT GRANTS,
CALENDAR YEARS 1969-2005

- this report has been prepared with support from the National Science Foundation -

BREAKOUT BY TECHNOLOGY CLASS -
PATENTS DISTRIBUTED BY CALENDAR YEAR OF PATENT APPLICATION

NUMBER OF UTILITY PATENTS ASSIGNED ANNUALLY
TO U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES RANKED IN THE
TOP 200 BY R&D EXPENDITURES IN FY 2004

- Explanation of Data -

Rank Ordered Listing of Technology Classes Receiving 1 or More Utility Patents During the Period

This Table Displays Patent Counts By Technology Class
For Patents Granted To The Following Top 200 R&D University:

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

( count of patent grants, as distributed by calendar year of patent application )
( technology class is determined by the primary patent classification - see 'Explanation of Data' )

Annual patent counts for the university.
Counts of granted patents are either distributed by the year of patent grant
or by the year of patent filing. Multiple assignee names may be associated
with a university.
Class Class Title PRE_1985 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total
435 Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology 4 2 1 0 2 1 0 4 1 4 12 12 11 10 9 22 13 14 4 2 0 0 128
250 Radiant Energy 15 1 0 2 2 0 2 1 3 2 1 4 4 7 15 9 9 7 4 3 0 0 91
520 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers (includes Classes 520-528) 36 3 2 0 2 5 0 2 2 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 4 4 7 1 0 0 79
257 Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes) 5 0 0 0 3 3 3 0 3 5 0 2 3 6 5 8 6 6 0 4 0 0 62
532 Organic Compounds (includes Classes 532-570) 4 2 2 1 1 0 0 2 2 1 2 4 7 3 3 10 7 4 4 2 0 0 61
359 Optics: Systems and Elements 6 0 1 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 5 4 6 5 7 8 3 5 0 0 59
073 Measuring and Testing 13 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 3 4 2 5 5 7 4 2 4 1 0 55
429 Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process 13 1 1 3 0 0 2 1 0 2 0 3 1 1 8 7 3 5 0 0 0 0 51
356 Optics: Measuring and Testing 8 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 3 6 6 7 2 0 0 0 41
424 Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions (includes Class 514) 5 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 4 3 5 3 5 4 2 0 0 0 40
372 Coherent Light Generators 7 3 0 1 2 0 1 1 2 2 0 1 0 1 1 0 4 3 4 1 0 0 34
385 Optical Waveguides 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 5 2 3 7 4 1 0 31
382 Image Analysis 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 5 2 2 6 3 2 4 1 1 0 0 30
438 Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 1 6 5 3 0 1 0 28
204 Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy 5 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 2 1 0 0 0 23
365 Static Information Storage and Retrieval 0 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 4 1 2 0 2 1 4 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 22
324 Electricity: Measuring and Testing 5 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 2 0 2 2 1 0 21
422 Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 4 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 20
348 Television 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 3 6 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 19
363 Electric Power Conversion Systems 11 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 19
205 Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 3 2 4 1 1 0 0 0 18
128 Surgery (includes Class 600) 4 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 1 0 3 0 0 0 17
136 Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric 6 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 17
428 Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles 9 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 17
436 Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 17
702 DP: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing (Data Processing) 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 1 2 3 3 1 0 0 17
423 Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 3 1 1 1 1 0 0 16
148 Metal Treatment 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 15
210 Liquid Purification or Separation 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 15
502 Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making 3 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 15
252 Compositions 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 2 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 14
417 Pumps 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 4 3 0 0 0 0 13
530 Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 13
330 Amplifiers 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 3 0 0 12
341 Coded Data Generation or Conversion 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 2 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 12
427 Coating Processes 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 12
700 DP: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications (Data Processing) 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 12
712 Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing, e.g., Processors (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 3 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 12
714 Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery 1 1 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 12
375 Pulse or Digital Communications 0 0 0 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
264 Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 10
333 Wave Transmission Lines and Networks 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 10
708 Arithmetic Processing and Calculating (Electrical Computers) 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
117 Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 9
342 Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation) 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 9
800 Multicellular Living Organisms and Unmodified Parts Thereof and Related Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 9
216 Etching a Substrate: Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 2 0 0 0 0 8
219 Electric Heating 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 8
315 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 8
331 Oscillators 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 0 8
343 Communications: Radio Wave Antennas 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8
345 Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 8
361 Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 8
370 Multiplex Communications 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
430 Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 8
060 Power Plants 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 7
327 Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems 2 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
706 DP: Artificial Intelligence (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 7
029 Metal Working 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
062 Refrigeration 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
137 Fluid Handling 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 6
351 Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 6
398 Optical Communications 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 6
095 Gas Separation: Processes 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
326 Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 5
349 Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 5
367 Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
369 Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 5
377 Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
710 Input/Output (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
716 DP: Design and Analysis of Circuit or Semiconductor Mask (Data Processing) 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 5
044 Fuel and Related Compositions 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
118 Coating Apparatus 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
180 Motor Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4
310 Electrical Generator or Motor Structure 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 4
313 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
320 Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or Discharging 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
338 Electrical Resistors 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
360 Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
378 X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
505 Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
084 Music 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
156 Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 3
285 Pipe Joints or Couplings 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 3
323 Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
425 Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
439 Electrical Connectors 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
455 Telecommunications 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3
585 Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
015 Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
033 Geometrical Instruments 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
048 Gas: Heating and Illuminating 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
096 Gas Separation: Apparatus 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
123 Internal-Combustion Engines 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
165 Heat Exchange 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
175 Boring or Penetrating the Earth 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
209 Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2
222 Dispensing (apparatus and process) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
251 Valves and Valve Actuation 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
332 Modulators 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
335 Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
336 Inductor Devices 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2
340 Communications: Electrical 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2
368 Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
374 Thermal Measuring and Testing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
380 Cryptography 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
381 Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
396 Photography 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
414 Material or Article Handling 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
415 Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
473 Games Using Tangible Projectile 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
501 Compositions: Ceramic 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
623 Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2
703 DP: Structural Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Emulation (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2
705 DP: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/Price Determination (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
707 DP: Database and File Management or Data Structures (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
709 Multicomputer Data Transferring (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
715 DP: Presentation Processing of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and Screen Saver Display Processing (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
719 Interprogram Communication or Interprocess Communication (Ipc) (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
034 Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact with Solids 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
052 Static Structures (e.g., Buildings) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
065 Glass Manufacturing 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
074 Machine Element or Mechanism 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
075 Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
081 Tools 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
083 Cutting 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
102 Ammunition and Explosives 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
134 Cleaning and Liquid Contact with Solids 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
141 Fluent Material Handling, with Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
166 Wells (shafts or deep borings in the earth, e.g., for oil and gas) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
200 Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
267 Spring Devices 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
294 Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
307 Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
318 Electricity: Motive Power Systems 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
329 Demodulators 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
362 Illumination 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
366 Agitating (e.g., of articles and materials) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
373 Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0