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U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Electronic Information Products Division
Patent Technology Monitoring Team (PTMT)

U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES-
UTILITY PATENT GRANTS,
CALENDAR YEARS 1969-2005

- this report has been prepared with support from the National Science Foundation -

BREAKOUT BY TECHNOLOGY CLASS -
PATENTS DISTRIBUTED BY CALENDAR YEAR OF PATENT APPLICATION

NUMBER OF UTILITY PATENTS ASSIGNED ANNUALLY
TO U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES RANKED IN THE
TOP 200 BY R&D EXPENDITURES IN FY 2004

- Explanation of Data -

Rank Ordered Listing of Technology Classes Receiving 1 or More Utility Patents During the Period

This Table Displays Patent Counts By Technology Class
For Patents Granted To The Following Top 200 R&D University:

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

( count of patent grants, as distributed by calendar year of patent application )
( technology class is determined by the primary patent classification - see 'Explanation of Data' )

Annual patent counts for the university.
Counts of granted patents are either distributed by the year of patent grant
or by the year of patent filing. Multiple assignee names may be associated
with a university.
Class Class Title PRE_1985 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total
435 Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology 51 6 5 3 7 7 6 6 9 10 14 18 3 5 13 16 6 10 2 1 0 0 198
424 Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions (includes Class 514) 48 7 6 10 12 5 8 1 4 8 13 8 9 13 11 8 8 5 3 2 0 0 189
532 Organic Compounds (includes Classes 532-570) 36 4 4 0 5 8 5 12 3 3 6 2 1 2 6 4 3 2 5 6 0 0 117
372 Coherent Light Generators 22 2 0 2 6 8 7 7 5 6 4 4 4 3 3 2 4 3 1 0 0 0 93
359 Optics: Systems and Elements 21 1 1 2 3 6 2 7 2 2 3 6 3 0 5 1 9 8 2 6 0 0 90
128 Surgery (includes Class 600) 8 1 6 3 4 4 5 4 3 3 6 8 3 4 7 5 7 3 3 2 0 0 89
438 Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process 20 2 4 6 5 6 4 1 5 3 3 1 1 2 1 5 3 1 3 5 2 0 83
257 Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes) 17 0 0 1 3 3 2 5 3 2 3 4 4 1 6 3 3 1 3 2 2 0 68
356 Optics: Measuring and Testing 13 3 1 0 3 1 2 0 3 3 2 1 5 5 5 6 6 4 4 1 0 0 68
250 Radiant Energy 20 1 1 1 2 7 1 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 3 5 3 7 2 5 0 0 67
520 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers (includes Classes 520-528) 10 5 8 3 2 3 2 5 2 2 1 5 2 5 3 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 65
073 Measuring and Testing 20 3 3 2 1 2 3 1 1 0 2 4 3 0 3 2 4 2 1 2 0 0 59
385 Optical Waveguides 3 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 4 3 4 3 15 7 4 0 0 51
324 Electricity: Measuring and Testing 14 1 1 1 4 3 1 2 0 0 4 1 3 5 4 3 0 1 1 1 0 0 50
382 Image Analysis 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 3 3 5 6 8 5 6 4 1 1 1 0 0 0 50
117 Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor 17 1 1 4 3 3 2 2 3 0 2 1 0 2 1 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 47
428 Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles 15 4 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 1 4 1 3 2 1 3 1 0 0 45
310 Electrical Generator or Motor Structure 21 2 0 1 0 3 3 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 42
427 Coating Processes 7 1 4 5 2 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 5 1 1 1 0 0 0 37
530 Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof 7 2 2 1 1 5 0 1 1 1 4 0 1 3 1 5 0 1 1 0 0 0 37
348 Television 7 0 0 3 0 6 3 0 2 2 1 1 2 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 33
204 Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy 12 1 0 1 1 3 0 2 1 3 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 29
264 Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes 6 2 0 0 0 3 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 3 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 29
365 Static Information Storage and Retrieval 23 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 29
345 Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 1 2 3 2 3 1 3 0 1 2 0 0 0 28
333 Wave Transmission Lines and Networks 12 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 3 1 0 0 27
375 Pulse or Digital Communications 4 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 0 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 27
430 Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof 3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 5 6 5 0 0 0 27
136 Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 25
436 Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing 7 3 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 1 0 1 0 2 2 3 0 0 0 0 25
164 Metal Founding 7 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 24
205 Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions 7 1 0 1 2 3 1 0 1 2 2 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24
604 Surgery (Medicators and Receptors) 3 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 5 3 0 0 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 23
318 Electricity: Motive Power Systems 13 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 22
341 Coded Data Generation or Conversion 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 1 0 2 1 2 4 1 1 0 2 0 22
398 Optical Communications 3 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 2 5 1 1 1 1 0 0 22
219 Electric Heating 8 0 1 0 0 2 3 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 21
505 Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process 0 0 0 6 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 21
606 Surgery (instruments) 3 2 0 1 2 4 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 21
623 Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor 5 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 2 2 0 0 1 2 2 0 1 0 0 21
708 Arithmetic Processing and Calculating (Electrical Computers) 12 0 1 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21
210 Liquid Purification or Separation 9 2 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20
423 Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds 7 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 1 0 1 2 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 20
148 Metal Treatment 10 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 19
712 Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing, e.g., Processors (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 2 0 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 4 2 2 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 19
342 Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation) 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 0 3 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 18
700 DP: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications (Data Processing) 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 18
711 Memory (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 7 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 18
075 Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures 7 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 16
216 Etching a Substrate: Processes 3 0 0 4 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 16
340 Communications: Electrical 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 5 0 1 0 0 0 16
370 Multiplex Communications 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 4 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 15
378 X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices 7 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 15
704 DP: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression (Data Processing) 2 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 2 0 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15
376 Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements 4 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 14
422 Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 14
327 Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems 7 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 13
123 Internal-Combustion Engines 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 12
252 Compositions 5 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 12
707 DP: Database and File Management or Data Structures (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 12
429 Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 11
029 Metal Working 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 10
118 Coating Apparatus 5 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
361 Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 10
419 Powder Metallurgy Processes 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 10
703 DP: Structural Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Emulation (Data Processing) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 10
060 Power Plants 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 9
313 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 9
315 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 9
363 Electric Power Conversion Systems 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 1 0 0 9
369 Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 9
374 Thermal Measuring and Testing 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 9
709 Multicomputer Data Transferring (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 9
715 DP: Presentation Processing of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and Screen Saver Display Processing (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 4 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 9
165 Heat Exchange 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
307 Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
455 Telecommunications 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 8
607 Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
702 DP: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing (Data Processing) 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 8
052 Static Structures (e.g., Buildings) 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
180 Motor Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 7
343 Communications: Radio Wave Antennas 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 7
349 Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 7
426 Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7
501 Compositions: Ceramic 1 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
585 Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
800 Multicellular Living Organisms and Unmodified Parts Thereof and Related Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 7
062 Refrigeration 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6
074 Machine Element or Mechanism 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
104 Railways 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
209 Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
330 Amplifiers 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
335 Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6
351 Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 6
381 Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
502 Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 6
714 Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6
716 DP: Design and Analysis of Circuit or Semiconductor Mask (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6
137 Fluid Handling 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 5
174 Electricity: Conductors and Insulators 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
188 Brakes 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
326 Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
347 Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
358 Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
360 Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
367 Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5
380 Cryptography 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
601 Surgery: Kinesitherapy 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
710 Input/Output (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
084 Music 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
181 Acoustics 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4
244 Aeronautics and Astronautics 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
323 Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
331 Oscillators 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
366 Agitating (e.g., of articles and materials) 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
377 Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
417 Pumps 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
420 Alloys or Metallic Compositions 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
425 Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
434 Education and Demonstration 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4
701 DP: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative Location (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 4
706 DP: Artificial Intelligence (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4
713 Support (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
033 Geometrical Instruments 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
095 Gas Separation: Processes 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
114 Ships 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
134 Cleaning and Liquid Contact with Solids 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
200 Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
222 Dispensing (apparatus and process) 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
251 Valves and Valve Actuation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 3
355 Photocopying 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3
384 Bearings 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
405 Hydraulic and Earth Engineering 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
415 Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
451 Abrading 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
602 Surgery: Splint, Brace, or Bandage 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
717 DP: Software Development, Installation, and Management (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
718 Virtual Machine Task or Process Management or Task Management/Control (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
044 Fuel and Related Compositions 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0