Manual of U.S. Patent Classification
as of June 30, 2000

Class
359
OPTICS: SYSTEMS (INCLUDING COMMUNICATION) AND ELEMENTS

Class definitions may be accessed by clicking on the class title, above.
Subclass definitions may be accessed by clicking on the subclass number, below.

Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by clicking on the " " icon following the subclass number, below.

( please note that links to definitions and classified patents may not be available for some classes and subclasses )

For search strategies, please refer to the Classification Index Explanation of Data web page.

Subclass		Title
ClassTitle		===> OPTICS: SYSTEMS (INCLUDING COMMUNICATION) AND ELEMENTS
1		HOLOGRAPHIC SYSTEM OR ELEMENT
2		. Authentication
3		. Having particular recording medium
4		. . Recyclable
5		. . . Magnetic material
6		. . . Sandwich having photoconductor
7		. . . Crystalline material
8		. . Having nonplanar recording medium surface
9		. For synthetically generating a hologram
10		. Using modulated or plural reference beams
11		. . Spatial, phase or amplitude modulation
12		. Copying by holographic means
13		. Head up display
14		. . Holograph on curved substrate
15		. Using a hologram as an optical element
16		. . With aberration correction
17		. . Scanner
18		. . . Flat rotating disk
19		. . Lens
20		. . . Multiple point hologram (e.g., fly-eye lens, etc.)
21		. Having defined page composer
22		. For producing or reconstructing images from multiple holograms (e.g., color, etc.)
23		. . Holographic stereogram
24		. . Superimposed holograms only
25		. . Discrete hologram only
26		. . . Sequential frames on moving film
27		. Having particular laser source
28		. Having multiple object beam or diffuse object illumination
29		. Fourier transform holography
30		. Having optical element between object and recording medium
31		. . Focused image holography
32		. For reconstructing image
33		. . Real image
34		. With optical waveguide
35		. Hardware for producing a hologram
107		OPTICAL COMPUTING WITHOUT DIFFRACTION
108		. Logic gate
109		OPTICAL COMMUNICATION
110		. Diagnostic testing of optical communication
111		. Interference signal transmission or elimination (e.g., jamming or antijamming)
112		. Eavesdropping
113		. Duplex
114		. . Wavelength division
115		. Multiplex
116		. . Mode
117		. . Spatial or switching
118		. . Optical local area network (LAN)
119		. . . Loop
120		. . . Active star
121		. . . Passive star
122		. . Polarization
123		. . Time and frequency division
124		. . Wavelength division/frequency division (includes scattering, e.g., Raman, Brillouin, etc.)
125		. . . Subscriber system
126		. . . . Optical source at only one station
127		. . . By optical coupling
128		. . . . Switch
129		. . . . Prism
130		. . . . Grating
131		. . . . Lens
132		. . . Single source, electrically controlled
133		. . . Different sources
134		. . . . With pump
135		. . Time division
136		. . . Multiple access (e.g., CSMA, CDMA)
137		. . . Subscriber system
138		. . . By specific optical element
139		. . . . Optical switch
140		. . . With delay
141		. Underwater
142		. Remote control
143		. . Bidirectional (i.e., monitoring or acknowledge)
144		. . In industrial environment (e.g., robot control)
145		. . With radio link
146		. . With television or radio system
147		. . Switching
148		. . Plural functions
149		. Photophone
150		. . Transducer, per se
151		. . . With optical fiber or waveguide
152		. Optical transceiver
153		. . Including compensation
154		. Transmitter and receiver system
155		. . Presence detection
156		. . With polarization
157		. . One transmitter, plural receivers
158		. . With synchronization
159		. . With alignment between transmitter and receiver
160		. . With pumping
161		. . With compensation
162		. . With electrical oscillator
163		. . With optical circuit board
164		. . Plural stations
165		. . . Address directing connections
166		. . . Unidirectional or loopback
167		. . . Central or master station
168		. . Passive system
169		. . . Retroreflection
170		. . Retroreflection
171		. . Received signal supplies power distribution to diverse devices
172		. . Satellite communications
173		. . Including optical waveguide
174		. Optical repeater system
175		. . Demodulating
176		. . Regenerative
177		. . . Monitoring
178		. . Star
179		. . Including optical waveguide
180		. Transmitter
181		. . With particular modulation
182		. . . Frequency modulation
183		. . . Phase modulation
184		. . . Pulse modulation
185		. . . . Pulse-code
186		. . . . Pulse time
187		. . With feedback
188		. . Including optical waveguide
189		. Receiver
190		. . Homodyne
191		. . Heterodyne
192		. . . With polarization
193		. . With optical element (e.g., lens, mirror, etc.)
194		. . Automatic gain control
195		. . With optical waveguide
196		DEFLECTION USING A MOVING ELEMENT OR MEDIUM (OFFSETTING OR CHANGING AT LEAST A PORTION OF THE BEAM)
197		. Using a periodically moving element (periodic change of optically reflecting, refracting or diffracting element)
198		. . Particular mount or driver for element
199		. . . Particular oscillating driver
200		. . . Bearing or shaft for rotary driver
201		. . Plural moving scanning elements
202		. . . X-Y scanner
203		. . . Having a common axis of rotation
204		. . Utilizing plural light beams
205		. . Having particular focusing element to receive scanned light
206		. . . High distortion lens (e.g., fO lens, etc.)
207		. . . Anamorphic element
208		. . . Concave reflector
209		. . Including transmissive type moving element
210		. . . Having moving lens
211		. . . Having moving prism
212		. . Including reflective type moving element
213		. . . Having oscillating element
214		. . . . Single plane mirror element
215		. . . . . With imaging lens
216		. . . Having multifaceted rotating element
217		. . . . With facets parallel to rotation axis
218		. . . . . Having six, seven, or eight facets
219		. . . . . Having five or fewer facets
220		. . . Having planar rotating reflector with transverse rotation axis
221		. . . Having planar rotating reflector with rotation axis in its plane
222		. By frustrated total internal reflection
223		. By moving a reflective element
224		. . Reflective element moved by deformable support
225		. . Pivoting or moving in circular arc
226		. . Rotating
227		LIGHT CONTROL BY OPAQUE ELEMENT OR MEDIUM MOVABLE IN OR THROUGH LIGHT PATH
228		. Fluid
229		. With glare or flicker elimination
230		. Electro-mechanical
231		. . String or ribbon type
232		. Slit type
233		. With relative motion of two apertured elements
234		. With rotating or pivoting element (e.g., scanning discs)
235		. . Continuously rotating apertured element
236		. . Element rotates about axis perpendicular to light path
237		OPTICAL MODULATOR
238		. Light wave temporal modulation (e.g., frequency, amplitude, etc.)
239		. . Modulator output feedback to modulator
240		. . Changing bulk optical parameter
241		. . . By actinic radiation (e.g., photochromic)
242		. . . . Display device
243		. . . . Bistable device
244		. . . . Opto-optical device
245		. . . Electro-optic
246		. . . . Modulation of polarized light via modulating input signal
247		. . . . . Using reflective or cavity structure
248		. . . . . . Semiconductor
249		. . . . . Compensation technique
250		. . . . . Using plural mediums
251		. . . . . With particular direction of the field in relation to the medium, beam direction or polarization
252		. . . . . With particular medium or state of the medium
253		. . . . . . Liquid medium
254		. . . . . With particular electrode structure or arrangement, or medium mounting structure or arrangement
255		. . . . . With particular field
256		. . . . . With birefringent element
257		. . . . . Pockel`s cell
258		. . . . . Kerr cell
259		. . . . Plural modulation cells
260		. . . . Etalon structure
261		. . . . Multiple reflections within cell
262		. . . . Excitation by electron beam
263		. . . . By reflection
264		. . . . Pulse modulation
265		. . . . Electrochromic
266		. . . . . Particular nonplanar electrode arrangement
267		. . . . . Reflection-type (e.g., display device)
268		. . . . . . Complementary device
269		. . . . . . Particular counter electrode
270		. . . . . . Particular electrolyte layer
271		. . . . . . Particular planar electrode pattern
272		. . . . . . Liquid cell
273		. . . . . . Particular electrochromic layer structure
274		. . . . . . Diverse layer
275		. . . . . Transmission-type (e.g., windows)
276		. . . . Amplitude modulation
277		. . . . . Within display element
278		. . . . Frequency modulation
279		. . . . Phase modulation
280		. . . Magneto-optic
281		. . . . Modulation of polarized light via modulating input signal
282		. . . . . Using layered structure or plural mediums
283		. . . . . With particular direction of the field in relation to the medium, beam direction or polarization
284		. . . . Amplitude modulation
285		. . . Acousto-optic
286		. . . . Amplitude modulation
287		. . . . Frequency modulation
288		. . . Thermo-optic
289		. . . . Amplitude modulation
290		. . By changing physical characteristics (e.g., shape, size or contours) of an optical element
291		. . . Shape or contour of light control surface altered
292		. . . . Light control surface forms image on projected light beam
293		. . . . . Electron beam causes surface alteration
294		. . . . Using photoconductive layer
295		. . . . Having multiple electrodes
296		. . . Changing position or orientation of suspended particles
297		. . . Light control surface formed or destroyed
298		. Light wave directional modulation (e.g., deflection or scanning is representative of the modulating signal)
299		. . Opto-optical device
300		. . Phase conjugate
301		. . Acting on polarized light
302		. . . Using reflecting or cavity structure
303		. . . Using more than one polarization (e.g., digital)
304		. . . Using single polarization
305		. . Acousto-optic
306		. . . Correlation or convolution
307		. . . Utilizing optical feedback
308		. . . Filter
309		. . . Acting on polychromatic light
310		. . . Plural cell array
311		. . . Plural transducers on single cell
312		. . . Single transducer generating composite plural frequency acoustic wave
313		. . . Particular cell shape
314		. . . Particular cell orientation
315		. . Electro-optic
316		. . . Plural modulation cells
317		. . . Multiple reflections within cell
318		. . . By reflection
319		. . . Focusing
320		. . . Switching
321		. Having particular chemical composition or structure
322		. . Electro-optic crystal material
323		. . . PLZT material
324		. . Magneto-optic crystal material
325		OPTICAL DEMODULATOR
326		OPTICAL FREQUENCY CONVERTER
327		. Raman type
328		. Harmonic generator
329		. . Third harmonic
330		. Parametric oscillator
331		. Optical laser acoustic delay line type
332		. Dielectric optical waveguide type
333		OPTICAL AMPLIFIER
334		. Raman or Brillouin process
335		. Free electron
336		. Bistable
337		. Correction of deleterious effects
338		. . Using phase conjugation
339		. . Using saturable or spatial filter
340		. Mode locked
341		. Optical fiber
342		. Particular active medium (e.g., crystal, plasma, fluid, etc.)
343		. . Glass (amorphous)
344		. . Semiconductor
345		. Particular pumping type (e.g., electrical, optical, nuclear, magnetic, etc.)
346		. Particular resonator cavity (e.g., scanning, confocal or folded mirrors, etc.)
347		. Multiple pass
348		. . Regenerative
349		. Beam combination or separation
350		HAVING SIGNIFICANT INFRARED OR ULTRAVIOLET PROPERTY
351		. Having folded optical path
352		. Having polarizing element
353		. Including alternative optical path or optical element (e.g., day-night, hi-low magnification)
354		. Including continuously variable magnification or focal length (zoom lens, adjustable lens)
355		. Lens, lens system or component
356		. . Infrared lens
357		. . . Having four or more components
358		. Fluid filter or fluid mirror
359		. Multilayer filter or multilayer reflector
360		. . Having metal layer
361		. Having ultraviolet absorbing or shielding property
362		COMPOUND LENS SYSTEM
363		. With image recorder
364		. With curved reflective imaging element
365		. . Two or more in a series
366		. . . Concave, convex combination
367		. Right angle inspector
368		. Microscope
369		. . With viewed screen
370		. . Interference
371		. . . Using polarized light
372		. . With plural optical axes
373		. . . Side-by-side fields
374		. . . Plural oculars
375		. . . . Binocular
376		. . . . . Stereoscopic
377		. . . . . . With single or parallel objectives
378		. . . . . . . For viewing stereo pairs
379		. . Spacing of optical elements axially adjustable
380		. . . Variable magnification
381		. . Imaging elements movable in and out of optical axis
382		. . Entire microscope adjustable along optical axis
383		. . . Focus adjustment
384		. . With rotatable adjustment
385		. . Illuminator
386		. . . Using polarized light
387		. . . With annular lighting structure
388		. . . With optical switching means
389		. . . With illumination and viewing paths coaxial at the image field
390		. . . With illuminator support
391		. . Stage or slide carrier
392		. . . Adjustable along optical axis
393		. . . With plural transverse movements
394		. . . With turntable
395		. . . With temperature control
396		. . Transparent slide
397		. . . Reference lines or grids
398		. . . Specimen cavity or chamber
399		. Telescope
400		. . With viewed screen
401		. . With image anti-rotation
402		. . Periscope
403		. . . With plural optical axes
404		. . . . Binocular
405		. . . With mechanical adjustment
406		. . . . Extensible structure
407		. . Binocular
408		. . . Foldable or collapsible
409		. . . Body supported or with handle
410