Manual of U.S. Patent Classification
as of June 30, 2000

Class
348
TELEVISION

Class definitions may be accessed by clicking on the class title, above.
Subclass definitions may be accessed by clicking on the subclass number, below.

Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by clicking on the " " icon following the subclass number, below.

( please note that links to definitions and classified patents may not be available for some classes and subclasses )

For search strategies, please refer to the Classification Index Explanation of Data web page.

Subclass		Title
ClassTitle		===> TELEVISION
1		USE SURVEY AND ACCOUNTING
2		. Monitoring of physical reaction of viewer
3		. With billing
4		. Monitoring of synchronization or blanking pulse (e.g., horizontal or vertical pulse signal)
5		. With video cassette recorder (VCR)
5.5		USE OR ACCESS BLOCKING (E.G., LOCKING SWITCH)
6		WIRED BROADCAST (E.G., CABLE)
7		. Broadcast on demand
8		. Local distribution (e.g., hotel, hospital, vehicle, etc.)
9		. Controlled signal substitution (e.g., emergency warning, local preemption, etc.)
10		. With subscriber terminal details
11		. . For frequency conversion
12		. Two-way
13		TWO-WAY (E.G., INTERACTIVE)
14		. With voice capability (e.g., videophone)
15		. . Conferencing
16		. . Switching
17		. . Transmission scheme
18		. . . Still frame (i.e., freeze frame)
19		. . . Field or frame difference (e.g., moving frame)
20		. . User positioning (e.g., parallax)
21		PLURAL TRANSMITTER SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS (E.G., INTERFERENCE REDUCTION)
22		SLOW SCANNING TRANSMISSION (E.G., STILL FRAME)
23		. Color TV
24		PLURAL STILL IMAGES OVER CONVENTIONAL CHANNEL
25		IMAGE FALSIFICATION TO IMPROVE VIEWER PERCEPTION OF SELECTIVE OBJECT (E.G., MOVING OBJECT OR TARGET)
26		. Contour generator
27		. Quantizer
28		. Selective contrast expander
29		. False color
30		. . Hue expander
31		BACK SCATTER REDUCTION
32		PSEUDO COLOR
33		. Multispectral to color conversion (e.g., infrared and visible, infrared bands, etc.)
34		. Including intensity to color conversion (e.g., colorizer, etc.)
35		PSEUDO BLACK AND WHITE
36		PANORAMIC
37		. With continuously rotating element
38		. Multiple channels
39		. With observer selected field of view
40		HOLOGRAPHIC
41		. Color TV
42		STEREOSCOPIC
43		. Signal formatting
44		. Pseudo
45		. Endoscope
46		. Picture signal generator
47		. . Multiple cameras
48		. . . More than two cameras
49		. . Single camera with optical path division
50		. . Single camera from multiple positions
51		. Stereoscopic display device
52		. . More than two display devices
53		. . Viewer attached
54		. . Single display with optical path division
55		. . . Separation by time division
56		. . . . With alternating shutters
57		. . . . With alternating polarization
58		. . . Separation by polarization
59		. . . Separation by lenticular screen
60		. . . Separation by color (i.e., anaglyphic)
61		SPECIAL APPLICATIONS
62		. Aid for the blind
63		. . Image magnifying
64		. Combined electronic sensing and photographic film cameras
65		. With endoscope
66		. . Dental
67		. . Laser
68		. . Illumination
69		. . . Controlled by video signal
70		. . . Color sequential illumination
71		. . Color TV
72		. . Plural endoscopes interchangeable
73		. . External camera
74		. . With additional adjunct (e.g., recorder control, etc.)
75		. . Adaptor or connector
76		. . Physical structure of circuit element
77		. Human body observation
78		. . Eye
79		. Microscope
80		. . Electronic
81		. Underwater
82		. Hazardous or inaccessible
83		. . Furnace (e.g., nuclear reactor, etc.)
84		. . Pipeline
85		. . Borehole
86		. Manufacturing
87		. . Electronic circuit chip or board (e.g., positioning)
88		. . Web, sheet or filament
89		. . Agricultural or food production
90		. . Welding
91		. . Sorting, distributing or classifying
92		. . Quality inspection
93		. . . Color TV
94		. . Position detection
95		. . . Alignment or positioning
96		. Film, disc or card scanning
97		. . Motion picture film scanner
98		. . . Mechanical optical scanning
99		. . . . Flying spot scanner
100		. . . Flying spot scanner
101		. . . . Color TV
102		. . . . Intermittent film movement
103		. . . . With modification of scanner sweep
104		. . . Color TV
105		. . . Intermittent film movement
106		. . . With modification of scanner sweep
107		. . With record location
108		. . Flying spot scanner
109		. . . Color TV
110		. . Slide
111		. . . Color TV
112		. . Microfilm
113		. Navigation
114		. . Remote control
115		. . Head-up display
116		. . Direction finding or location determination
117		. . Aircraft or spacecraft
118		. . Land vehicle
119		. . . Program control (e.g., path guidance, etc.)
120		. . . Farm vehicle
121		. Simulator
122		. . Visibility (e.g., fog, etc.)
123		. . Aircraft or spacecraft
124		. . Ship
125		. Flaw detector
126		. . Of electronic circuit chip or board
127		. . Of transparent container or content (e.g., bottle, jar, etc.)
128		. . Of surface (e.g., texture or smoothness, etc.)
129		. . By comparison with reference object
130		. . . With stored representation of reference object
131		. . With specific illumination detail
132		. . . With strobe illumination
133		. . With circuit detail
134		. . . Including line to line comparison
135		. Object or scene measurement
136		. . Projected scale on object
137		. . Scale on camera target
138		. . Pulse or clock counting
139		. . Multiple cameras on baseline (e.g., range finder, etc.)
140		. . Distance by apparent target size (e.g., stadia, etc.)
141		. . By cursor coordinate location
142		. . With camera and object moved relative to each other
143		. Observation of or from a specific location (e.g., surveillance)
144		. . Aerial viewing
145		. . . With linear array
146		. . . With rotating reflector
147		. . . With transformation or rectification
148		. . Vehicular
149		. . . Traffic monitoring
150		. . Point of sale or banking
151		. . Camera concealment
152		. . Intrusion detection
153		. . . Using plural cameras
154		. . . . Motion detection
155		. . . Motion detection
156		. . Access control
157		. . Sporting event
158		. . Portable
159		. . Plural cameras
160		. . Reading meter or data printer
161		. Object comparison (e.g., remote verification of signature, etc.)
162		RESPONSIVE TO NONVISIBLE ENERGY
163		. Sonic or ultrasonic
164		. Infrared
165		. . Pyroelectric
166		. . With linear array
167		. . . With rotating reflector
168		. . With rotating reflector
169		OBJECT TRACKING
170		. Using tracking gate
171		. . Centroidal tracking
172		. Centroidal tracking
173		CATHODE-RAY TUBE BURN-IN PREVENTION
174		. Camera
175		CAMERA WITH BUILT-IN TEST SIGNAL GENERATOR, TEST PATTERN, OR ADJUSTING ADJUNCT
176		. Setup
177		DISPLAY OR RECEIVER WITH BUILT-IN TEST SIGNAL GENERATOR, TEST PATTERN, OR ADJUSTING ADJUNCT
178		. Setup
179		. . Color match comparator
180		MONITORING, TESTING, OR MEASURING
181		. Test signal generator
182		. . Chroma or color bar
183		. . VITS or ILTS
184		. Monitor
185		. . Combined plural functions (e.g., picture and waveform monitor)
186		. . Vectorscope
187		. Testing of camera
188		. . Using test chart
189		. Testing of image reproducer
190		. . Alignment-manufacturing
191		. . Display photometry
192		. Transmission path testing
193		. . Signal to noise ratio
194		. Synchronization (e.g., H-sync to subcarrier)
195		MECHANICAL OPTICAL SCANNING
196		. Color TV
197		. With fiber optics
198		. By acoustic wave
199		. Moving aperture
200		. . Drum or belt
201		. . Multiple scanning elements
202		. Moving lens or refractor
203		. Moving reflector
204		. . Helical element
205		. . Vibrating or oscillating
206		SPECIAL SCANNING (E.G., SPIRAL, RANDOM, ZIGZAG)
207		CAMERA, SYSTEM AND DETAIL
208		. Camera image stabilization
209		. With flying spot scanner
210		. . For color scanning
211		. Remote control
212		. . By multiplexed control signals (e.g., duplexing, etc.)
213		. . Preprogrammed or stored control instructions
214		. . Body movement actuation
215		. With streak device
216		. Low light level
217		. . With image intensifier
218		. Unitary image formed by compiling sub-areas of same scene (e.g., array of cameras)
219		. Swing driven
220		. Still and motion modes of operation
221		. . Exposure control
222		. Combined image signal generator and general image signal processing
223		. . Color balance (e.g., white balance)
224		. . . Dependent upon operation or characteristic of iris, flash, lens, or filter
225		. . . With means for preventing colored object from effecting color balance
226		. . . Including flicker detection (e.g., fluorescent)
227		. . . With ambient light sensor
228		. . . Responsive to output signal
229		. . Combined automatic gain control and exposure control (i.e., sensitivity control)
230		. . . Readout of solid-state image sensor considered or altered
231		. . With details of static memory for output image (e.g., for a still camera)
232		. . . With storage of additional, non-image information (e.g., audio, time, date)
233		. . . Detachable
234		. . Details of luminance signal formation in color camera
235		. . . With means for providing high band and low band luminance signals
236		. . . . Using distinct luminance image sensor
237		. . . . For single sensor type camera supplying plural color signals
238		. . . Using distinct luminance image sensor
239		. . Camera and video special effects (e.g., subtitling, fading, or merging)
240		. . . Electronic zoom
241		. . Including noise or undesired signal reduction
242		. . . Color TV
243		. . . Dark current
244		. . . . With control of sensor temperature
245		. . . . Using dummy pixels
246		. . . Defective pixel (e.g., signal replacement)
247		. . . . With memory of defective pixels
248		. . . Smear
249		. . . . In charge coupled type sensor
250		. . . In charge coupled type sensor
251		. . . Shading or black spot correction
252		. . With transition or edge sharpening (e.g., aperture correction)
253		. . . Color TV
254		. . Gray scale transformation (e.g., gamma correction)
255		. . . Amplitude control (e.g., automatic gain control)
256		. . . . Color TV (e.g., saturation)
257		. . With DC level control
258		. . . With bias illumination
259		. . . . Combined with color separating optical system
260		. . . . For single scanning device color camera
261		. . . . . Plural bias illuminators
262		. With plural image scanning devices
263		. . Color imagery registration
264		. . Scanning devices offset in the image plane
265		. . Each supplying only one color signal
266		. With single image scanning device supplying plural color signals
267		. . Separate complete images on face of pickup device
268		. . Color sequential
269		. . . With color sequential illumination
270		. . . With moving color filters
271		. . . . Four or more color types
272		. . Solid-state multicolor image sensor
273		. . . With color filter or operation according to color filter
274		. . . . Having overlapping elements
275		. . . . Staggered or irregular elements
276		. . . . Including transparent elements
277		. . . . . With three or more colors
278		. . . . Based on more than four colors
279		. . . . Based on four colors
280		. . . . Based on three colors
281		. . . . X-Y architecture
282		. . . . Charge coupled architecture
283		. . . . . With multiple output registers
284		. . Cathode-ray tube
285		. . . Phase separable signals
286		. . . . With indexing
287		. . . . . Conductive grid at target
288		. . . . . Index elements outside of image area
289		. . . Frequency separable signals
290		. . . . Specified optical filter arrangement
291		. . . . . Combined with grating, lens array, or refractor
292		. . . . . Having diagonally arranged stripes
293		. . . . Interdigital signal electrodes
294		. Solid-state image sensor
295		. . Time delay and integration mode (TDI)
296		. . Electronic shuttering
297		. . Accumulation or integration time responsive to light or signal intensity
298		. . . In charge coupled type image sensor
299		. . . . With overflow gate or drain
300		. . With amplifier
301		. . . Pixel amplifiers
302		. . X - Y architecture
303		. . . With charge transfer type output register
304		. . . With charge transfer type selecting register
305		. . . With interlacing
306		. . . Charge injection device (CID)
307		. . . Photosensitive switching transistors or "static induction" transistors
308		. . . Including switching transistor and photocell at each pixel site (e.g., "MOS-type" image sensor)
309		. . . Exclusively passive light responsive elements in the matrix
310		. . . . With diode in series with photocell
311		. . Charge-coupled architecture
312		. . . With timing pulse generator
313		. . . With bias charge injection
314		. . . With excess charge removal (e.g., overflow drain)
315		. . . With staggered or irregular photosites or specified channel configuration
316		. . . Charges transferred to opposed registers
317		. . . Field or frame transfer type
318		. . . . With recirculation of charge
319		. . . . Charges alternately switched from vertical registers into separate storage registers; or having vertical transfer gates
320		. . . . Interline readout
321		. . . . . Using multiple output registers
322		. . . Interline readout
323		. . . . Using multiple output registers
324		. . . Line transfer type
325		. Cathode-ray tube
326		. . Automatic beam focusing or alignment
327		. . Automatic beam current control
328		. . Remanent image erasure
329		. . With emissive target or photocathode (e.g., orthicon)
330		. . . Dissector tube
331		. . With photoconductive target (e.g., vidicon)
332		. Array of photocells (i.e., nonsolid-state array)
333.01		. With electronic viewfinder or display monitor
333.02		. . With display of additional information
333.03		. . . Including display of a frame and line of sight determination
333.04		. . . Including warning indication
333.05		. . Display of multiple images (e.g., thumbnail images, etc.)
333.06		. . Movable or rotatable unit
333.07		. . . Detachable
333.08		. . Including optics
333.09		. . . With optical viewfinder (e.g., correction for parallax, etc.)
333.1		. . . With projector function
333.11		. . Use for previewing images (e.g., variety of image resolutions, etc.)
333.12		. . Modification of displayed image
333.13		. . Power saving mode
335		. Optics
336		. . Color separating optics
337		. . . Prism arrangement
338		. . . . With dichroic layer or air gap between prism sections
339		. . . Exclusively dichroic elements
340		. . With optics peculiar to solid-state sensor
341		. . Optical viewfinder
342		. . With frequency selective filter (e.g., IR cut, optical LPF, etc.)
343		. . Optical multiplexing
344		. . Optical path switching
345		. . Focus control
346		. . . With display of focusing condition or alarm
347		. . . With zoom position detection or interrelated iris control
348		. . . Using active ranging
349		. . . Using image signal
350		. . . . With auxiliary sensor or separate area on imager
351		. . . . With oscillation of lens or sensor to optimize error signal
352		. . . . With motion detection
353		. . . . By detecting contrast
354		. . . . By analyzing high frequency component
355		. . . . . Plural high frequencies
356		. . . . . Detection of peak or slope of image signal
357		. . . Servo unit structure or mechanism
358		. . Variable magnification (i.e., zoom)
359		. . Fiber optics
360		. . Lens or filter substitution
361		. . . Automatic
362		. . Exposure control
363		. . . Automatic control of iris, stop, or diaphragm
364		. . . . Based on image signal
365		. . . . . Contrast
366		. . . . Based on ambient light
367		. . . Periodic shuttering
368		. . . . Rotary
369		. . Changing viewing angle via optics
370		. With object or scene illumination
371		. . Flash or strobe
372		. Power supply
373		. Support or housing
374		. . For internal camera components
375		. . For specified accessory
376		. . Portable or hand-held
377		CATHODE-RAY TUBE DISPLAY EXCESSIVE VOLTAGE CONTROL
378		. With disabling
379		CATHODE-RAY TUBE DISPLAY AUTOMATIC BLACK LEVEL BIAS CONTROL
380		CATHODE-RAY TUBE DISPLAY BEAM CURRENT CONTROL
381		. With beam energy determining color
382		. . Variable depth of penetration of electron beam into the luminescent layer
383		MODULAR IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM
384.1		BANDWIDTH REDUCTION SYSTEM
385.1		. Plural video programs in single channel
386.1		. . Color television
387.1		. . Data rate reduction
388.1		. Multiple channel (e.g., plural carrier)
389.1		. . Including one conventional or compatible channel (e.g., two channel NTSC systems)
390.1		. Data rate reduction
391.1		. . Specified color signal
392.1		. . . Sub-Nyquist sampling
393.1		. . . Direct coding of color composite signal
394.1		. . . . Predictive coding
395.1		. . . . Transform coding
396.1		. . . Including luminance signal
397.1		. . Using separate coders for different picture features (e.g., highs, lows)
398.1		. . . Subband encoding (e.g., low horizontal/low vertical frequency, low horizontal/high vertical frequency)
399.1		. . Picture feature dependent sampling rate or sample selection
400.1		. . Involving hybrid transform and difference coding
401.1		. . . With prior difference coding
402.1		. . . . Including motion vector
403.1		. . Involving transform coding
404.1		. . . Adaptive
405.1		. . . . Sampling
406.1		. . . . Normalizer
407.1		. . . . Motion
408.1		. . . Transformed sample selection (e.g., hierarchical sample selection)
409.1		. . Involving difference transmission (e.g., predictive)
410.1		. . . Involving both base and differential encoding
411.1		. . . Plural predictors
412.1		. . . . Including temporal predictor (e.g., frame difference)
413.1		. . . . . Including motion vector
414.1		. . . . Involving pattern matching
415.1		. . . Including temporal prediction (e.g., frame difference)
416.1		. . . . Including motion vector
417.1		. . . . Involving pattern matching
418.1		. . . Involving pattern matching
419.1		. . . Coding element controlled by buffer fullness
420.1		. . Involving block coding
421.1		. . . Involving minimum, maximum, or average of block
422.1		. . Involving pattern matching
423.1		. . Arrangements for multiplexing one video signal, one or more audio signals, and a synchronizing signal
424.1		. . Sub-Nyquist sampling
424.2		. . . Adaptive
425.1		. . Associated signal processing
425.2		. . . Involving error detection or correction
425.3		. . . Involving signal formatting
425.4		. . . Involving synchronization
426.1		. Format type
427.1		. . Including frequency folding (e.g., subsampling)
428.1		. . . Spotwobble (e.g., pixels from plural lines form single transmitted line)
429.1		. . . Including video-related information
430.1		. . . Using two or more frames
431.1		. . . . Motion adaptive
432.1		. . Added video information in standard channel format
433.1		. . . Including additional modulation of picture carrier (e.g., quadrature)
434.1		. . . Including information in sync, blanking, or overscan
435.1		. . . . During vertical blanking interval
436.1		. . . Including use of a subcarrier
437.1		. . Individual processing of different parts of image frequency band (e.g., sum and difference, high band/low band)
438.1		. Individual processing of different parts of image frequency band (e.g., sum and difference, high band/low band)
439.1		. Frame field or line dropping followed by time expansion and time compression
440.1		. Scan rate variation
441		FORMAT CONVERSION
442		. Involving polar to Cartesian or vice versa
443		. Involving both line number and field rate conversion (e.g., PAL to NTSC)
444		. . Specified chrominance signal
445		. Conversion between standards with different aspect ratios
446		. Progressive to interlace
447		. Field rate type flicker compensating
448		. Line doublers type (e.g., interlace to progressive IDTV type)
449		. . Including nonstandard signal detection
450		. . Specified chrominance processing (e.g., Y/C separation)
451		. . . Motion adaptive
452		. . Motion adaptive
453		. Specified chrominance processing
454		. . PAL to NTSC or vice versa
455		. . In which simultaneous signals are converted into sequential signals or vice versa
456		. . . Field or frame sequential to simultaneous
457		. . Frequency change of subcarrier
458		. Changing number of lines for standard conversion
459		. Changing number of fields for standard conversion
460		DIVERSE DEVICE CONTROLLED BY INFORMATION EMBEDDED IN VIDEO SIGNAL
461		NONPICTORIAL DATA PACKET IN TELEVISION FORMAT
462		. Audio
463		. Full field
464		. Sync
465		. Data separation or detection
466		. Error correction or prevention
467		. Data format
468		. Including teletext decoder or display
469		FORMAT
470		. Adapted to reduce noise or for frequency modulation (e.g., variable gain)
471		. Including pulse modulation of video signal (e.g., pulse width, PAM)
472		. . Pulse code modulation
473		. Including additional information
474		. . For controlling video processing (e.g., digitally assisted video)
475		. . Additional modulation of picture carrier (e.g., quadrature)
476		. . During sync, blanking, or overscan
477		. . . During both vertical and horizontal blanking
478		. . . During vertical blanking
479		. . . During horizontal blanking
480		. . . . Sound signal
481		. . . . . Plural (e.g., stereo or SAP)
482		. . . Sound signal
483		. . . . Plural (e.g., stereo or SAP)
484		. . Sound signal
485		. . . Plural (e.g., stereo or SAP)
486		. . Including the use of a subcarrier
487		. Broadband (e.g., occupying two adjacent channels or parts thereof)
488		. Specified color signal format
489		. . Time division multiplexing of luminance and chrominance (e.g., MAC)
490		. . Field or frame sequential systems
491		. . Simultaneous and sequential (e.g., SECAM)
492		. . Simultaneous signals
493		. . . Luminance plus dual-phase modulated color carrier
494		. . . Dot sequential
495		. Of sync signal
496		. . Color
497		FLUTTER OR JITTER CORRECTION (E.G., DYNAMIC REPRODUCTION)
498		. Specified color
499		. . Using frequency shifting (e.g., heterodyne)
500		SYNCHRONIZATION
501		. Reprocessing
502		. . Specified color
503		. For sequential color components
504		. . With line rate switch (e.g., SECAM)
505		. Phase locking regenerated subcarrier to color burst
506		. . Burst gate
507		. . Including demodulator
508		. . . Digital
509		. . . With line rate switch (e.g., PAL)
510		. Locking of computer to video timebase
511		. Control of picture position
512		. Locking of video or audio to reference timebase
513		. . Frame or field synchronizers
514		. . . Color television
515		. . Audio to video
516		. . By controlling video or sync generator
517		. . . Color television
518		. . Including compensation for transmission delays
519		. . . Color television
520		. . Color
521		. Sync generation
522		. . Means on video signal generator
523		. . With addressable memory
524		. . With counter or frequency divider
525		. Sync separation
526		. . Field or frame identification
527		. . . Color
528		. . Including automatic gain control (AGC)
529		. . To produce distinct vertical output
530		. . . With distinct horizontal output
531		. . To produce distinct horizontal output
532		. . By amplitude
533		. . Noise reduction
534		. . . Amplitude limiting
535		. . . Noise inversion
536		. Automatic phase or frequency control
537		. . Of sampling or clock
538		. . . With data interpolation
539		. . . Color
540		. . Horizontal sync component
541		. . . Cascaded phase or frequency adjusting
542		. . . Plural distinct operating modes
543		. . . . Line rates
544		. . . . Locking rates
545		. . . . . Different mode during vertical blanking
546		. . . Countdown
547		. . Vertical sync component
548		. . . Countdown
549		. . Using color subcarrier
550		. To achieve interlaced scanning
551		. Of mechanical scan
552		COMBINED WITH DIVERSE ART DEVICE (E.G., COMPUTER, TELEPHONE)
553		BASIC RECEIVER WITH ADDITIONAL FUNCTION
554		. Multimode (e.g., composite, Y, C; baseband RF)
555		. . For receiving more than one format at will (e.g., NTSC/PAL)
556		. . . For format with different aspect ratio
557		. . . Color processing
558		. . Format detection
559		. Instant replay or freeze frame
560		. . Color television processing
561		. For magnification of part of image
562		. . Color television
563		. For display of additional information
564		. . Simultaneously and on same screen (e.g., multiscreen)
565		. . . Picture in picture
566		. . . . Color television
567		. . . . Memory
568		. . . . Compression
569		. . Receiver indicator (e.g., on screen display)
570		. . . Tuning indication
571		IMAGE SIGNAL PROCESSING CIRCUITRY SPECIFIC TO TELEVISION
572		. A/D converters
573		. . Analog to binary
574		. . Including dither
575		. Video reprocessing
576		. Selective image modification (e.g., touch up)
577		. . Color change type
578		. Special effects
579		. . Strobe (e.g., ball tracker)
580		. . Geometric transformation
581		. . . Size change
582		. . . . Color signal
583		. . . Rotation
584		. . Combining plural sources
585		. . . Including priority key
586		. . . Foreground/background insertion
587		. . . . Including hue detection (e.g., chroma key)
588		. . . Multiple distinct images (e.g., splitscreen)
589		. . . Including insertion of characters or graphics (e.g., titles)
590		. . . Specified details of key signal generation or processing
591		. . . . Self keyers (e.g., key generated from video being mixed
592		. . . . . Chroma key (e.g., hue detector)
593		. . . . Artificial key generation
594		. . . . . Wipes signal generator
595		. . . . . Fades signal generator
596		. . . . . Window signal generator (e.g., rectangle)
597		. . . . For generation of soft edge (e.g., blending)
598		. . . Specified details of signal combining
599		. . . . Color signal
600		. . . . Graphic or character insertion type
601		. . . Marker or pointer generator
602		. Display controlled by ambient light
603		. . Specified color (e.g., saturation and contrast control)
604		. Including nonstandard signal detection controlling processing
605		. Including vertical interval reference (e.g., VIR)
606		. Combined noise reduction and transition sharpening
607		. Noise or undesired signal reduction
608		. . Processing at encoder or transmitter (e.g., pre-correction)
609		. . . Reduction of chrominance luminance cross-talk (e.g., precomb)
610		. . . . Adaptive
611		. . . To suppress echo
612		. . . Color signals
613		. . . Complementary system (e.g., preemphasis - deemphasis)
614		. . Ghost elimination (e.g., multipath)
615		. . Blackspot or shading correction (e.g., corrects for fixed pattern defects)
616		. . Dropout compensator (e.g., replacement type)
617		. . . For color television
618		. . For removal of low amplitude random noise (e.g., variable bandwidth)
619		. . . Averaging type
620		. . . . Using frame or field delays (e.g., motion adaptive)
621		. . . . For color television
622		. . . Noise component generator, limiter, subtractor type
623		. . . Coring type
624		. . For color television
625		. Transition or edge sharpeners
626		. . Scanning velocity modulation
627		. . Including processing to prevent the addition of noise (e.g., coring enhancement signal, noise responsive peaking control)
628		. . Vertical transition
629		. . . Including horizontal transition
630		. . Color television processing
631		. . . Luminance transition controls chrominance transition
632		. Sound muting
633		. . Including picture blanking
634		. Picture blanking
635		. . For color television
636		. . At transmitter
637		. . Retrace type
638		. Chrominance signal demodulator
639		. . Digital
640		. . PAL signal
641		. . For quadrature signal (e.g., NTSC)
642		. Color encoder or chrominance signal modulator
643		. Color killer
644		. . Including chrominance signal amplitude control
645		. Chrominance signal amplitude control (e.g., saturation)
646		. . Digital
647		. . Automatic
648		. . . Picture responsive (e.g., overload)
649		. Hue control
650		. . Scene by scene color correction
651		. . Digital
652		. . Fleshtone corrector (e.g., fixed)
653		. . . By phase change of chrominance signal or subcarrier
654		. . By phase change of chrominance signal or subcarrier
655		. Color balance or temperature (e.g., white balance)
656		. . Receiver type
657		. . . Including feedback control
658		. . . . Including optical sensor to observe display (e.g., CRT)
659		. Matrixing or mixing
660		. . Digital
661		. . Masking (e.g., R, G, B to R`, G`, B`)
662		. Chrominance phase adjuster (e.g., inverter)
663		. Chrominance-luminance signal separation
664		. . Logic circuit type
665		. . Including comb filter (e.g., using line, field, frame delays)
666		. . . Including adaptive artifacts removal (e.g., switchable trap or LPF in luma channel)
667		. . . Adaptive comb filter
668		. . . . Selects or blends two or more separated signals to derive output
669		. . . . . Including frame or field delays (e.g., motion adaptive)
670		. . . Including frame or field delays
671		. Gray scale transformation
672		. . Using histogram
673		. . Combined contrast control and brightness or DC level control
674		. . Nonlinear amplitude modification (e.g., gamma)
675		. . . Color television
676		. . . By adding outputs from parallel channels
677		. . . With specified DC level control
678		. . Automatic range control (e.g., AGC, automatic contrast control)
679		. . . Color television
680		. . . At transmitter
681		. . . Carrier envelope
682		. . . Sync or blanking
683		. . . . Noise reduction or elimination
684		. . . . Keyed
685		. . . Delayed AGC
686		. . Manual contrast control (e.g., linear)
687		. Brightness control
688		. . By subtracting averaged active video portion (e.g., flare)
689		. . With DC clamping
690		. White limiter
691		. DC insertion
692		. . Color television
693		. . At transmitter
694		. . For plural signals or signal components
695		. . Level inserted during keying signals (e.g., keyed clamp)
696		. . Insertion level derived by key signals
697		. . . Level derived within feedback path
698		. . Diode
699		. Motion vector generation
700		. Motion dependent key signal generation or scene change detection
701		. . Specified processing of frame or field difference signal (e.g., noise reduction, key signal spreading)
702		. . Composite color signal
703		. Hue or saturation detector
704		. Sweep expansion or reduction
705		. Switching
706		. . receiver type
707		. Amplifiers
708		. Color television signal processing
709		. . Signal modification for one gun color tube (e.g., dot sequential)
710		. . Differential phase or amplitude responsive
711		. . Frequency response modification
712		. . Luminance channel circuitry
713		. . Chrominance channel circuitry
714		. With details of static storage device
715		. . For storing a sequence of frames or fields
716		. . Specified data formatting (e.g., memory mapping)
717		. . . Of color signal
718		. . Accessing circuitry
719		. . . Including processor interface (e.g., CPU)
720		. Digital
721		. . Plural processing units
722		STUDIO EQUIPMENT
723		TELEVISION TRANSMITTER CIRCUITRY
724		. Modulator
725		RECEIVER CIRCUITRY
726		. Demodulator
727		. . Color television
728		. Color television
729		. Television receiver adapted to receive radio broadcast or in combination with radio receiver
730		. Power supply
731		. Tuning
732		. . Search tuning
733		. . Tuning voltage
734		. Remote control
735		. Automatic frequency control
736		. Sound traps
737		. Intercarrier circuits
738		. Sound circuit
739		VIDEO DISPLAY
740		. Array of shutters
741		. Red-white phenomena
742		. Color sequential
743		. . With moving color filters
744		. Projection device
745		. . With alignment, registration or focus
746		. . . Raster shape distortion
747		. . . Raster size or position compensation
748		. . With cooling device
749		. . . Liquid
750		. . Plural parallel light modulators
751		. . . Liquid crystal
752		. . . Using birefringent or polarizing medium (e.g., Kerr cell, Pockel`s cell, etc.)
753		. . . . Electron beam addressed
754		. . . Acousto-optic (e.g., Bragg cell, etc.)
755		. . . Deformable medium
756		. . . With optical element
757		. . . . Beam combining
758		. . Plural serial light modulators
759		. . Single light modulator
760		. . . Color TV
761		. . . . Liquid crystal
762		. . . . Using birefringent or polarizing medium (e.g., Kerr cell, Pockel`s cell, etc.)
763		. . . . . Electron beam addressed
764		. . . . Deformable medium
765		. . . . . Fluid
766		. . . Liquid crystal
767		. . . Using birefringent or polarizing medium (e.g., Kerr cell, Pockel`s cell, etc.)
768		. . . . Electron beam addressed
769		. . . Acousto-optic
770		. . . Deformable medium
771		. . . . Including solid-state deflection elements (e.g., deformable mirror device (DMD))
772		. . . . Medium in tape, ribbon, or membrane form
773		. . . . Fluid medium
774		. . . . . Deformed into diffraction grating (e.g., using electron beam)
775		. . . . Having significant chemical composition
776		. . Cathode-ray tube image source
777		. . . With intensifier
778		. . . Plural CRTs
779		. . . . With optical element
780		. . . . . Beam combining
781		. . . With optical element
782		. . . . Mirror arrangement
783		. . . . . Concave mirror
784		. . . . . . With correcting plate
785		. . . . Adjustable
786		. . . . With screen or absorption filter
787		. . . Cabinet or chassis
788		. . . . Folding
789		. . Cabinet or chassis
790		. Liquid crystal
791		. . Color TV
792		. . Scanning circuit
793		. . . Interlacing
794		. . With cabinet or housing structure
795		. Direct viewed light valve
796		. Vacuum panel
797		. Gas discharge
798		. Array of lamps
799		. . Color TV
800		. Electroluminescent (e.g., scanned matrix, etc.)
801		. . Light emitting diode
802		. . . Color TV
803		. . Color TV
804		. With optical fiber device
805		. Cathode-ray tube
806		. . With distortion, alignment or focus
807		. . . Color convergence correction
808		. . Color TV
809		. . . Separate electron beams in single tube
810		. . . One electron beam supplying more than one color
811		. . . . Beam position indicating
812		. . . . . Horizontal stripes
813		. . . . . Photoelectric sensor
814		. . . . . Secondary emission sensor
815		. . . . With electron-optical color selection
816		. . . With color specific optical device
817		. . . . Electrochromic device
818		. . Protective device
819		. . . Radiation protection for user
820		. . . External electric or magnetic effect
821		. . . Implosion protection
822		. . . . Tensioned band
823		. . . . Protective glass or panel
824		. . . . . Bonded to CRT faceplate
825		. . Support
826		. . . CRT having only support at front portion
827		. . . CRT position adjustable by user
828		. . . Deflection element support
829		. . . . Yoke
830		. . . . . Supported by CRT neck
831		. . . . . . Adjustable
832		. . With optical element
833		. . . For line elimination
834		. . . Glare reduction
835		. . . Filters
836		. Cabinet or chassis
837		. . With vehicle
838		. . Portable
839		. . Modular
840		. . Multiple screens
841		. . Masking
842		. . Light shielding
843		. . Cabinet back
844		MISCELLANEOUS
		*****************************
		CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
		******************************
901		HIGH SPEED TELEVISION SYSTEM
902		PHOTOCHROMIC
903		INCLUDING SIDE PANEL INFORMATION IN SINGLE CHANNEL
904		SEPARATION OR JOINING OF SIDE AND CENTER PANELS
905		REPRODUCTION OF A COLOR FIELD OR FRAME
906		TELEVISION SCHEDULE
907		COMMERCIAL VERIFICATION
908		CONVERTIBLE CIRCUITS (E.G., Y/C SEPARATION OR NOISE REDUCTION)
909		NOISE RESPONSIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING
910		FLICKER REDUCTION
911		LINE DOUBLER ADAPTED FOR REPRODUCING PROGRAM ORIGINALLY FROM FILM (E.G., 24 FRAME PER SECOND)
912		DIFFERENTIAL AMPLITUDE CONSIDERATION (E.G., AMPLITUDE VS. FREQUENCY)
913		LETTERBOX (E.G., DISPLAY 16:9 ASPECT RATIO IMAGE ON 4:3 SCREEN)
914		DELAY FOR EQUALIZATION
		*********************************
		FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS
		*********************************
		Any foreign patents or non-patent literature from subclasses that have been classified have been transferred directly to FOR Collection listed below. These collections contain ONLY foreign patents or non-patent literature. The parenthetical references in the Collection titles refer to the abolished subclasses from which these Collections were derived.
FOR 100		BANDWIDTH REDUCTION SYSTEM (348/384)
FOR 101		. Plural video programs in single channel (348/385)
FOR 102		. . Color television (348/386)
FOR 103		. . Bit-rate reduction (348/387)
FOR 104		. Multiple channel (e.g., plural carrier) (348/388)
FOR 105		. . Including one conventional or compatible channel (e.g., two channel NTSC systems) (348/389)
FOR 106		. Bit-rate reduction (348/390)
FOR 107		. . Specified color signal (348/391)
FOR 108		. . . Sub-Nyquist sampling (348/392)
FOR 109		. . . Direct coding of color composite signal (348/393)
FOR 110		. . . . Predictive coding (348/394)
FOR 111		. . . . Transform coding (348/395)
FOR 112		. . . Including luminance signal (348/396)
FOR 113		. . Using separate coders for different picture features (e.g., highs, lows) (348/397)
FOR 114		. . . Sub-band encoding (e.g., low horizontal/low vertical frequency, low horizontal/high vertical frequency) (348/398)
FOR 115		. . Picture feature dependent sampling rate or sample selection (348/399)
FOR 116		. . Involving hybrid transform and difference coding (348/400)
FOR 117		. . . With prior difference coding (348/401)
FOR 118		. . . . Including motion vector (348/402)
FOR 119		. . Involving transform coding (348/403)
FOR 120		. . . Adaptive (348/404)
FOR 121		. . . . Quantizer (348/405)
FOR 122		. . . . Normalizer (348/406)
FOR 123		. . . . Motion (348/407)
FOR 124		. . . Transformed sample selection (e.g., hierarchical sample selection) (348/408)
FOR 125		. . Involving difference transmission (348/409)
FOR 126		. . . Involving both PCM and DPCM encoding (348/410)
FOR 127		. . . Plural predictors (348/411)
FOR 128		. . . . Including temporal predictor (e.g., frame difference) (348/412)
FOR 129		. . . . . Including motion vector (348/413)
FOR 130		. . . . Involving vector quantization (348/414)
FOR 131		. . . Including temporal prediction (e.g., frame difference) (348/415)
FOR 132		. . . . Including motion vector (348/416)
FOR 133		. . . . Involving vector quantization (348/417)
FOR 134		. . . Involving vector quantization (348/418)
FOR 135		. . . Coding element controlled by buffer fullness (e.g., adaptive quantizer) (348/419)
FOR 136		. . Involving block coding (348/420)
FOR 137		. . . PCM represents minimum, maximum, or average of block (348/421)
FOR 138		. . Involving vector quantization (348/422)
FOR 139		. . Arrangements for multiplexing one video signal, one or more audio signals, and a synchronizing signal (348/423)
FOR 140		. . Sub-Nyquist sampling (348/424)
FOR 141		. . . Adaptive (348/425)
FOR 142		. . Associated signal processing (348/845)
FOR 143		. . . Involving error detection or correction (348/845.1)
FOR 144		. . . Involving signal formatting (348/845.2)
FOR 145		. . . Involving synchronization (348/845.3)
FOR 146		. Format type (e.g., HDTV or EDTV) (348/426)
FOR 147		. . Including frequency folding (e.g., subsampling) (348/427)
FOR 148		. . . Spotwobble (e.g., pixels from plural lines form single transmitted line) (348/428)
FOR 149		. . . Including video related information (e.g., digitally assisted television) (348/429)
FOR 150		. . . Using two or more frames (348/430)
FOR 151		. . . . Motion adaptive (348/431)
FOR 152		. . Added video information in standard channel format (e.g., compatible EDTV) (348/432)
FOR 153		. . . Including additional modulation of picture carrier (e.g., quadrature) (348/433)
FOR 154		. . . Including information in sync, blanking, or overscan (348/434)
FOR 155		. . . . During vertical blanking interval (348/435)
FOR 156		. . . Including the use of a subcarrier (348/436)
FOR 157		. . Individual processing of different parts of image frequency band (e.g., sum and difference, high band/low band) (348/437)
FOR 158		. Individual processing of different parts of image frequency band (e.g., sum and difference, high band/low band) (438/438)
FOR 159		. Frame field or line dropping followed by time expansion and time compression (348/439)
FOR 160		. Scan rate variation (348/440)
		CAMERA, SYSTEM AND DETAIL (348/207)
FOR 161		. With electronic viewfinder or display monitor (348/333)
FOR 162		. . With indicium (348/334)