Manual of U.S. Patent Classification
as of June 30, 2000

Class
327
MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVE ELECTRICAL NONLINEAR DEVICES, CIRCUITS, AND SYSTEMS

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Subclass definitions may be accessed by clicking on the subclass number, below.

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Subclass		Title
ClassTitle		===> MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVE ELECTRICAL NONLINEAR DEVICES, CIRCUITS, AND SYSTEMS
1		SPECIFIC SIGNAL DISCRIMINATING (E.G., COMPARING, SELECTING, ETC.) WITHOUT SUBSEQUENT CONTROL
2		. By phase
3		. . Comparison between plural inputs (e.g., phase angle indication, lead-lag discriminator, etc.)
4		. . . With transducer
5		. . . With input derived from feedback
6		. . . With electron space discharge
7		. . . With reference signal
8		. . . . With varying frequency
9		. . . . With sampling
10		. . . . Uniform pulse waveform
11		. . . . With transformer
12		. . . With logic or bistable circuit
13		. By shape
14		. . Slope
15		. . . With direction (i.e., positive or negative)
16		. . Having feedback
17		. . With reference signal
18		. By presence or absence pulse detection
19		. . Arbitration
20		. . Monitoring (e.g., failure detection, etc.)
21		. . With variable frequency source
22		. By pulse noncoincidence
23		. By pulse coincidence
24		. . Edge sensing
25		. . With uniform spacing
26		. . With pulse width detecting
27		. . With reference
28		. By polarity
29		. . Selection of a particular polarity
30		. . Opposite polarity
31		. By pulse width or spacing
32		. . With shock-excited circuit
33		. . With sampling
34		. . Narrow pulse elimination or suppression
35		. . Separating by duration or gap (e.g., duty cycle, etc.)
36		. . Selection of a particular pulse width
37		. . Comparison by threshold or reference
38		. . With plural paths
39		. By frequency
40		. . Comparison between plural inputs
41		. . . With synchronous detection
42		. . . Fixed frequency reference signal
43		. . . With logic or bistable circuit
44		. . With predetermined frequency selection
45		. . . Including sampling or reference frequency
46		. . . Including plural frequency detection
47		. . Frequency detection
48		. . . With counting
49		. . . With logic or bistable circuit
50		. By amplitude
51		. . With sensing amplifier
52		. . . Differential amplifier
53		. . . . Current mirror
54		. . . . Having feedback
55		. . . . . Cross-coupled
56		. . . . With reference signal
57		. . . With latching type element (e.g., flip-flop, etc.)
58		. . Maximum or minimum amplitude
59		. . . Employing input compared to output
60		. . . Employing input compared to reference derived therefrom
61		. . . By diode-capacitor network
62		. . . Maximum and minimum amplitude
63		. . Comparison between plural varying inputs
64		. . . With logic or bistable circuit
65		. . . Differential input
66		. . . . Current mirror
67		. . . . Having feedback
68		. . . Input provides varying reference signal
69		. . . With plural paths
70		. . . . With single output
71		. . . Three or more inputs
72		. . Input signal compared to reference derived therefrom
73		. . . Reference derived by feedback
74		. . Input signal compared to plural fixed references
75		. . . Three or more
76		. . . With logic or bistable circuit
77		. . Input signal compared to single fixed reference
78		. . . Reference level crossover detecting
79		. . . . Zero crossover
80		. . . Reference determined by threshold of single circuit element
81		. . . . With transistor
82		. . . Plural sources of input signal
83		. . . Temperature compensation
84		. . . With bridge circuit
85		. . . Inverting input or output
86		. . . With transformer
87		. . . Having feedback
88		. . . With source as reference
89		. . . With differential amplifier
90		. . Comparison between two characteristics of an input signal
91		. . Including details of sampling or holding
92		. . . With bridge circuit
93		. . . With reference source
94		. . . Sample and hold
95		. . . . Having feedback
96		. . . . With differential amplifier
97		. . With logic or bistable circuit
98		. By separating composite signal
99		. Having selection between plural continuous waveforms
100		SIGNAL CONVERTING, SHAPING, OR GENERATING
101		. Converting input current or voltage to output frequency
102		. Converting input frequency to output current or voltage
103		. Converting input voltage to output current or vice versa
104		. Converting, per se, of an AC input to corresponding DC at an unloaded output
105		. Synthesizer
106		. . Having stored waveform data (e.g., in ROM, etc.)
107		. . Having digital device (e.g., logic gate, flip-flop, etc.)
108		. Current driver
109		. . Having semiconductive load
110		. . Having inductive load (e.g., coil, etc.)
111		. . Having capacitive load
112		. . . Push-pull
113		. Frequency or repetition rate conversion or control
114		. . Of output rectangular waveform
115		. . . Frequency division
116		. . . Frequency multiplication
117		. . Frequency division
118		. . . Having discrete active device (e.g., transistor, triode, etc.)
119		. . Frequency multiplication (e.g., harmonic generation, etc.)
120		. . . With plural outputs
121		. . . . Selective
122		. . . Doubling
123		. . . With particular tube or distributed parameter element
124		. By periodic switching (e.g., chopper, etc.)
125		. Generating parabolic or hyperbolic output
126		. Generating staircase output
127		. . With differential amplifier
128		. . With rectifying element
129		. Generating sinusoidal output
130		. Generating trapezoidal output
131		. Generating sawtooth or triangular output
132		. . With current source or current mirror
133		. . With distortion control (e.g., linearization, etc.)
134		. . With slope or duration control
135		. . Having digital element
136		. . Having particular delay or sync
137		. . Having feedback
138		. . Having temperature compensation
139		. . Having inductive load
140		. . With amplitude control
141		. Synchronizing
142		. . Reset (e.g., initializing, starting, stopping, etc.)
143		. . . Responsive to power supply
144		. . Using multiple clocks
145		. . . Having different frequencies
146		. . . With feedback
147		. . . . Phase lock loop
148		. . . . . With charge pump
149		. . . . . With variable delay means
150		. . . . . With digital element
151		. . . With counter
152		. . . With choice between multiple delayed clocks
153		. . . With delay means
154		. . With feedforward
155		. . With feedback
156		. . . Phase lock loop
157		. . . . With charge pump
158		. . . . With variable delay means
159		. . . . With digital element
160		. . With counter
161		. . With delay means
162		. . Having reference source
163		. . . By phase
164		. Generating rectangular (e.g., clock, etc.) or pulse waveform having random characteristic (e.g., random width, etc.)
165		. Regenerating or restoring rectangular (e.g., clock, etc.) or pulse waveform
166		. . Having digital device (e.g., logic gate, flip-flop, etc.)
167		. . Having network providing particular mathematical function (e.g., integrator, etc.)
168		. . Having inductive device (e.g., transformer, etc.)
169		. . Having negative resistance device (e.g., tunnel diode, etc.)
170		. Slope control of leading or trailing edge of rectangular (e.g., clock, etc.) or pulse waveform
171		. Output pulses having opposite polarities
172		. Rectangular (e.g., clock, etc.) or pulse waveform width control
173		. . Pulse narrowing
174		. . Pulse broadening
175		. . Duty cycle control
176		. . Having digital device (e.g., logic gate, flip-flop, etc.)
177		. . Having inductive device (e.g., transformer, etc.)
178		. Rectangular (e.g., clock, etc.) or pulse waveform amplitude control
179		. . Gain
180		. . Limiting, clipping, or clamping
181		. Electromagnetic pulse forming
182		. Delay line or capacitor storage element charged or discharged through or by a relaxation oscillator type circuit to form pulse
183		. Delay line or capacitor storage element charges or discharges through a tube to form pulse
184		. Rectangular (e.g., clock, etc.) or pulse waveform generating by conversion from input AC (e.g., sine, etc.) wave
185		. Particular stable state circuit (e.g., tristable, etc.)
186		. . Superconductive (e.g., cryogenic, etc.)
187		. . External effect device (e.g., light, heat, magnetic, or mechanical force sensitive devices, etc.)
188		. . Minority carrier storage effect
189		. . . Storage diode (e.g., step recovery, etc.)
190		. . With transformer or saturable core device
191		. . . Blocking oscillator
192		. . Negative resistance transistor (e.g., unijunction, etc.)
193		. . . Four or more layer device, (e.g., trigistor, etc.)
194		. . Zener or capacitive diode
195		. . Negative resistance diode having "N"-shape characteristic on I-V plot (e.g., tunnel diode, backward diode, etc.)
196		. . Negative resistance diode having "S"-shape characteristic on I-V plot (e.g., four or more layer semiconductor device, etc.)
197		. . Convertible circuit (e.g., bistable to monostable, D-type to T-type, etc.)
198		. . Initializing, resetting, or protecting a steady state condition
199		. . Circuit having only two stable states (i.e., bistable)
200		. . . Dynamic bistable
201		. . . . Complementary clock inputs
202		. . . Master-slave bistable latch
203		. . . . Including field-effect transistor
204		. . . . Including multi-emitter or multi-collector bipolar transistor
205		. . . Using hysteresis (e.g., Schmitt trigger, etc.)
206		. . . . Including field-effect transistor
207		. . . Including diverse solid state devices (e.g., FET/bipolar, etc.)
208		. . . Including field-effect transistor
209		. . . . Including enhancement and depletion devices
210		. . . . CMOS
211		. . . . . With clock input
212		. . . . With clock input
213		. . . . . Plural independent clock inputs (i.e., non complementary )
214		. . . Complementary transistors
215		. . . Having at least two cross-coupling paths
216		. . . . JK type input
217		. . . . RS or RST type input
218		. . . . D type input
219		. . . . Particular device at input, output, or in cross-coupling path
220		. . . . . With diode
221		. . . . . Parallel RC network in cross-coupling path
222		. . . . . Resistor in cross-coupling path
223		. . . Plural transistors of same conductivity type
224		. . . With single semiconductor device
225		. . . With logic element (e.g., NOR gate, etc.)
226		. . . With single electron tube
227		. . Monostable
228		. . . Having cross-coupled paths
229		. . . Having differential circuitry
230		. . . With external feedback (i.e., output to input)
231		. Phase shift by less than period of input
232		. . Dependent on frequency
233		. . Correction to specific phase shift
234		. . . Dependent on variable controlled phase shifts
235		. . . Dependent on multiple fixed phase shifts
236		. . . By phase comparator or detector
237		. . Variable or adjustable
238		. . . Quadrature related (i.e., 90 degrees)
239		. . . Non-overlapping multiple outputs
240		. . . Maintaining invariant amplitude
241		. . . With counter or shift register
242		. . . . Having multiple outputs
243		. . . With feedback
244		. . . . With phase comparator or detector
245		. . . . Having multiple outputs
246		. . . With differential amplifier
247		. . . . Having multiple outputs
248		. . . With adder
249		. . . . Having multiple outputs
250		. . . With active time delay element
251		. . . . Having multiple outputs
252		. . . With passive time delay element
253		. . . . Having multiple outputs
254		. . Quadrature related (i.e., 90 degrees)
255		. . . 90 degrees between input and output
256		. . Phase inversion (i.e., 180 degrees between input and output)
257		. . . Multiple outputs
258		. . Multiple outputs
259		. . . Non-overlapping
260		. . Producing AC power control
261		. Having specific delay in producing output waveform
262		. . Including significant compensation (e.g., temperature compensated delay, etc.)
263		. . Delay interval set by rising or falling edge
264		. . . Having specific active circuit element or structure (e.g., FET, complementary transistors, etc.)
265		. . . . With counter
266		. . . . Differential amplifier
267		. . . . Electron tube
268		. . . Having specific passive circuit element or structure (e.g., RLC circuit, etc.)
269		. . Multiple outputs with plurality of delay intervals
270		. . . Variable or adjustable
271		. . . Including delay line or charge transfer device
272		. . . Having specific active circuit element or structure(e.g., FET, complementary transistors, etc.)
273		. . . . With counter
274		. . . . Differential amplifier
275		. . . . Electron tube
276		. . Single output with variable or selectable delay
277		. . . Including delay line or charge transfer device
278		. . . Having specific active circuit element or structure (e.g., complementary transistors, etc.)
279		. . . . With counter
280		. . . . Differential amplifier
281		. . . . Field-effect transistor
282		. . . . Electron tube
283		. . . Having specific passive circuit element or structure (e.g., RLC circuit, etc.)
284		. . Including delay line or charge transfer device
285		. . Having specific active circuit element or structure (e.g., complementary transistors, etc.)
286		. . . With counter
287		. . . Differential amplifier
288		. . . Field-effect transistor
289		. . . Electron tube
290		. . Having specific passive circuit element or structure (e.g., RLC circuit, etc.)
291		. Clock or pulse waveform generating
292		. . Clock fault compensation or redundant clocks
293		. . With plural paths in network
294		. . . With common output
295		. . Plural outputs
296		. . . Plural clock outputs with multiple inputs
297		. . . Clock bus
298		. . Single clock output with multiple inputs
299		. . Single clock output with single clock input or data input
300		. . With saturable inductance
301		. . With electron beam type tube
302		. . With storage diode
303		. . With rectifier
304		. . With inductive device (e.g., transformer, etc.)
305		. . With gas tube
306		. Amplitude control
307		. . Baseline or DC offset correction
308		. . Variable attenuator
309		. . By limiting, clipping, or clamping
310		. . . Transient or signal noise reduction
311		. . . . By filtering
312		. . . . By feedback limiting-clamping
313		. . . . Using 3 or more terminal type nonlinear devices only
314		. . . . Using diode type nonlinear devices only
315		. . . Providing constant input/output amplitude level ratio
316		. . . . By feedback control
317		. . . Distortion compensation
318		. . . In input or output circuit
319		. . . . For interstage coupling
320		. . . . . Using diode
321		. . . . Clamping of output to voltage level
322		. . . . Of output current
323		. . . Feedback
324		. . . By using diverse-type nonlinear devices
325		. . . Using only diode active elements
326		. . . . Avalanche or negative resistance device (e.g., zener diode, tunnel diode, etc.)
327		. . . Using only transistor active elements
328		. . . . Field-effect type device
329		. . . With tuned circuit
330		. . . With rectifier or nonlinear impedance
331		. . Maintaining constant level output
332		. . . With feedback
333		. . Interstage coupling (e.g., level shift, etc.)
334		SPECIFIC INPUT TO OUTPUT FUNCTION
335		. By differentiating
336		. By integrating