U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
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( please note that patents for some subclasses may not be available )
For classification search strategies, please refer to the
Classification Index
Explanation of Data web page.
(definitions have been obtained from the
Patents ASSIST CD-ROM which
is produced by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Electronic Products Branch)
Class 800
MULTICELLULAR LIVING ORGANISMS AND UNMODIFIED PARTS THEREOF
AND RELATED PROCESSES
Class Definition:
This is the class for living multicellular organisms
(nonhuman animals and plants) and separated or severed parts
thereof that have not undergone any modification or treatment
subsequent to their separation. These organisms or parts
thereof may be genetically modified. This class also
includes processes of producing said multicellular organisms
and of using said organisms (nonhuman animals) in testing and
protein production processes.
This class provides for the following products:
1. Living multicellular organisms, i.e., plants and
nonhuman animals. Plants include multicellular algae,
multicellular fungi, and higher and lower multicellular plant
life.
2. Living multicellular organisms and living products: (a)
derived from traditional or conventional breeding techniques;
(b) derived from grafting processes; (c) derived from tissue
culture techniques; and/or (d) derived from techniques which
change the genetic makeup or affect the progeny of
multicellular organisms.
(1) Note. Examples of traditional or conventional breeding
techniques used in plants are self-pollination, inbreeding,
cross-pollination, hybridization, selection, emasculation,
cytoplasmic male sterility, etc.
(2) Note. Techniques which change the genetic makeup or
affect progeny of multicellular organisms include genetic
manipulations such as mutagenesis, protoplast cell fusion,
and recombinant or transgenic processes.
(3) Note. Examples of tissue culture techniques used in
plants are embryogenesis, organogenesis, etc.
3. Separated or severed parts of multicellular plants and
transgenic nonhuman animals which have not been modified or
treated subsequent to their separation.
(1) Note. Embryos, plantlets, flowers, leaves, seeds,
differentiated tissue (i.e., specific organs), buds,
meristems, shoots, roots, tubers, fruits, stems, cuttings,
bulbs, corms, rhizomes, pollen, mycelium, spores, ascocarps,
and sclerotia are considered unmodified plant parts for
purposes of this class.
(2) Note. This class includes products obtained by
modifications of multicellular living organisms and separated
or severed parts thereof wherein the organism or part thereof
is permanently changed (i.e., by genetic manipulation, by
mutation, by cell fusion, or by tissue culture) so that
subsequent progeny or offspring are likewise affected. This
class also includes products obtained by modifications of
multicellular living organisms and separated or severed parts
thereof wherein the organism is permanently changed (i.e., by
grafting) so that unique features or properties are conferred
to the organism but its offspring are not affected, i.e.,
genetic lineage is not altered.
(3) Note. This class does not include modifications of
multicellular living organisms and separated or severed parts
thereof wherein the organism or product or part thereof is
temporarily changed or treated by processes such as coating,
impregnating, dyeing, bleaching, preserving, adhesive
bonding, coloring, pitting, adding artificial limbs or
grafting arteries, etc., i.e., subsequent genetic makeup
and/or progeny of the organism will not be affected or
changed and the organism and parts thereof will still retain
its general structure and appearance.
(4) Note. A genetic modification encompasses any process of
modification or alteration of the genes of an organism which
will subsequently be passed on to its progeny (e.g.,
spontaneous and induced mutagenesis; normal cross-breeding
and hybridization; recombination; etc.).
This class provides for the following processes:
Methods of plant breeding; methods of mutating plants;
methods of producing plants using somatic cell fusion; and
methods of introducing nucleic acid into or rearrangement of
genetic material within a plant. All of these methods result
in a living plant or plant part.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
PLT, Plants, for plants which are patentable under 35 U.S.
Code, Section 161, which provides for the granting of a
patent to whoever invents or discovers and asexually
reproduces any distinct and new variety of plant, including
cultivated sports, mutants, hybrids, and newly found
seedlings other than a tuber propagated plant or a plant
found in an uncultivated state.
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, appropriate subclasses
for compositions and manipulative processes for treating
animal or plant derived fibers and tissues wherein the animal
or plant fiber or tissue may or may not be chemically
modified. Search particularly 94.1 for compositions and
processes for the treatment of hides, skins, feathers and
other animal tissues with chemicals and the resulting
products thereof; subclasses 115.51+ and those indented
thereunder for processes for the chemical modification of
hair, cellulose fibers, natural wool, silk and other fibers
and products thereof; subclasses 101+ for processes of
bleaching animal or plant derived fibers or tissue, subclass
150.5 for the fluid treatment of hides, skins, or leather;
subclass 402 for processes for dyeing wood and subclasses
404+ for processes and compositions for dyeing animal derived
natural fiber material (e.g., leather, fur, hair, feathers,
etc.) and products thereof.
47, Plant Husbandry, appropriate subclasses for apparatus and
processes for cultivating plants, multicellular fungi and
multicellular algae. Search particularly subclass 1.1 for
apparatus and processes for culture of multicellular fungi
and other edible mushrooms; subclass 1.4 for apparatus and
method of fostering growth or cultivation of multicellular
algae; subclass 1.41 for pollination methods and apparatus
where the natural generation, propagation or reproduction of
plant life is assisted by a discriminate or indiscriminate
transfer of pollen to fertilize a plant flower; subclass 3
for methods of whitening growing celery; subclass 57.5 for
processes and devices for injecting chemicals into living
plants for various purposes, e.g., injecting coloring or
preserving chemicals into trees to produce colored or
preserved wood; subclass 57.6 for coated or impregnated seeds
not provided for elsewhere; subclass 58.1 for plant husbandry
methods which do not involve breeding or recombinant
technology such as cultivation or planting methods, growing
under certain environmental conditions, etc., and subclasses
59-64 for apparatus and processes for fostering growth beyond
germination of plants in a nutrient medium and without soil,
e.g., in an aquatic medium.
71, Chemistry: Fertilizers, appropriate subclasses for
compositions and compounds which will alter plant growth as a
response to a fertilizer action. Search subclass 5 for
products of special value in cultivation of fungi (e.g.,
mushrooms, etc.).
119, Animal Husbandry, appropriate subclasses for processes
and apparatus for the propagation, rearing and care of living
animals (e.g., insects, fish, fowl, mammals, etc.). Search
204 for a process or apparatus for care and propagation of a
lobster, crab, or like aquatic crustacean, subclasses 215+
for a process or apparatus for care and propagation of fish,
subclasses 234+ for a process or apparatus for propagation
and care of an oyster, clam, or other aquatic mollusk, and
subclass 270 for a process or apparatus employed in
propagation and care of a worm or other form of a moth whose
larvae produce silk.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus, including
a step of adhesively bonding parts together. Search
particularly subclass 57 for processes in which a plant or
animal or part thereof is bonded to a support to maintain the
natural appearance thereof.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 1.11
for in vivo diagnostic testing of nontransgenic animals and
for diagnostic compositions used in said testing; and other
appropriate subclasses for therapeutic treatment methods and
compositions for treatment of living subjects.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses for products and
compositions of plant or animal origin in any physical form
which are intended to be consumed by a human being or lower
animal in whole or part via its oral cavity. Search
particularly 7 for fermentation processes wherein an enzyme
or microorganism is employed biochemically to produce or
perfect a food product or composition; subclasses 61 through
64 for edible products which contain a ferment material in a
dormant state which can be activated, food products which
contain microorganisms or food products with an ongoing
fermentation process and processes of preparing such
products; subclass 2 for processes of treating a live animal,
e.g., processes of feeding an animal or injecting the animal
with chemicals to modify the meat characteristics of the
animal followed by a slaughtering operation, etc.; subclasses
93+ for food products containing seeds which may be coated or
encapsulated or material derived therefrom; subclasses 250+
for processes of coloring food materials, e.g., citrus
fruits, beans, nuts, etc.; subclasses 253 through 261 for
processes of removing color from food material; subclass 270
for processes of preserving or modifying the original color
of a fruit or vegetable; subclasses 298+ for processes of
treating an unshelled egg; subclass 309 for processes of
coating a seed or bean with a liquid material; subclasses
331+ for processes of preserving animal flesh, citrus fruits,
beans or cereal seeds; and subclasses 484+ for processes of
removing a seed, pit, stem, or a core from a plant material.
427, Coating Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes
of coating animals, plants and parts thereof. Search
specifically subclass 4 for processes of applying a coating
to a plant member or an animal specimen with intent to
preserve the member or specimen near or in its natural
state.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for products of nature that have been modified by
processes other than coating, dyeing or bleaching. Search
particularly 15 for products of nature that have been
modified but retain their general structure and appearance;
subclasses 85+ for treated animal skin with fur; subclasses
101, 191, 511+, and 528+ for composite products where wood is
a component; subclass 270 for a product which contains hair
of sheep or hair from an animal whose hair is similar to that
of sheep and subclasses 540+ for products of nature like
leather, wood, etc., that have been impregnated with an
extraneous material.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for
propagating microorganisms and undifferentiated animal or
plant cells, for cultivation of tissue, maintenance of tissue
or organs in a viable state, for microorganisms, per se, and
subcellular parts thereof. Search particularly 440 for
mutation and genetic engineering processes where a stable
change in an animal or plant cell or microorganism is
produced by artificially inducing a structure change in a
gene or by incorporation of genetic material from an outside
source; subclasses 325+ for compositions, processes, and
media for the maintenance or in vitro propagation of
undifferentiated animal or plant cells or groups of cells;
subclasses 243+ for microorganisms, per se, including
unicellular fungi and unicellular algae, compositions thereof
and processes of propagating, maintaining, isolating, or
preserving and culture media therefore; and subclasses 174+
for processes where a microbial cell (e.g., bacteria, fungi,
algae, animal, or plant cell, etc.) is bound to a carrier
during a continuous biochemical process.
504, Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, subclasses
116.1-367 for compositions and compounds for treating
living terrestrial and aquatic plants or their habitats for
the purpose of stimulating, inhibiting or retarding growth,
defoliating, or killing said plants, and the processes of
using such compositions or compounds for such purposes which
are not more than their mere application to the plant or
habitat. The compositions or compounds included in this class
will alter the plant growth through a chemical modification
of the plant metabolism. Search particularly subclasses 150+
for compositions for retarding, inhibiting, or killing algae;
subclasses 174+ for compositions used to suppress or retard
the rate of growth or size of a plant; subclasses 184+ for
compositions which inhibit, retard, destroy, or remove a
sucker growth from a living plant. Class 504 also provides
for seeds coated with agricultural chemicals other than
fertilizers.
514, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 44 for treating living subjects with a
polynucleotide wherein the polynucleotide does not become a
part of the germ cell line and is therefor not heritable.
600, Surgery, 33 for reproduction and fertilization
techniques.
623, Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members) Parts
Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor, appropriate
subclasses for artificial substitutes or parts for a human
body, particularly manufactured or adapted to substitute or
assist a missing or defective natural body member or part
thereof for functional or cosmetic purposes. For purposes of
Class 623, an artificial body member may include a natural
other than human animal body part which has been treated or
modified to produce a different type of replacement body
part. An example is a graft usable for arteries, organs or
skin which has been made from animal intestines or umbilical
cord. Search particularly subclass 1 for artificial blood
vessels; subclass 3 for an artificial heart, regulator, power
supply, or method of operation thereof; subclass 5 for
corneal implants; subclass 15 for inventions manufactured or
adapted to replace skin or hair; and subclasses 18+ and 27+
for inventions manufactured or adapted to replace a limb or
part thereof (e.g., hand, legs, knee, feet, etc.).
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
3
METHOD OF USING A TRANSGENIC NONHUMAN ANIMAL IN AN IN VIVO
TEST METHOD (E.G., DRUG EFFICACY TESTS, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Method wherein there is a direct or indirect qualitative or
quantitative measurement or test involving a transgenic
nonhuman animal where the actual test step must occur in or
on the animal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 9.1
for in vivo testing involving non-transgenic animals
including humans.
Subclass:
4
METHOD OF USING A TRANSGENIC NONHUMAN ANIMAL TO MANUFACTURE A
PROTEIN WHICH IS THEN TO BE ISOLATED OR EXTRACTED:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Method wherein a protein is expressed by at least some of the
cells of a transgenic nonhuman animal and is then isolated or
extracted from the animal.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for the case where the
protein is encoded by an endogenous gene the expression of
which is affected by a recombinant gene.
(2) Note. The terms purifying, obtaining, separating,
removing, etc., are considered equivalent to extraction and
isolation for purposes of this and indented subclasses. The
protein may be separated from animal tissues (e.g., muscle,
etc.) or animal products (e.g., hair, etc.).
(3) Note. If the recombinant gene is not present in the
germ line cells, the animal is not transgenic, and the method
would be classified elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
appropriate subclasses for methods of therapeutically
treating an animal with physiologically active compounds or
compositions which may result in the production of protein
within the animal (e.g., vaccinating an animal in order to
get it to produce antibodies which provide active immunity,
etc.).
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 69.1 for
a method of making a nonenzyme protein or polypeptide
involving transgenic cells rather than the living transgenic
animal; and subclasses 70.1+ for methods of producing a
protein by nontransgenic cell or tissue culture. If the
protein is an enzyme, subclasses 183+ are appropriate.
514, Drug, Bio-affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 44 for the therapeutic treatment of an animal with
a polynucleotide.
Subclass:
5
The protein is isolated or extracted from blood or serum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Method
wherein the protein is isolated or extracted from blood or
serum obtained from the animal.
Subclass:
6
The protein is an immunoglobulin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Method
wherein the protein comprises at least one chain of an
immunoglobulin.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass, immunoglobulins
include antibodies, single chain antibodies, members of the
immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE),
antigen-specific fragments of antibodies, etc.
Subclass:
7
The protein is isolated or extracted from milk:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Method
wherein the protein is isolated or extracted from milk
obtained from the animal.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass, milk includes
fluids secreted by mammary glands.
Subclass:
8
NONHUMAN ANIMAL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which is a multicellular nonhuman animal.
Subclass:
9
The nonhuman animal is a model for human disease:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Subject
matter wherein the nonhuman animal mimics a human disease
state either continuously or in response to a particular
condition or treatment.
Subclass:
10
Cancer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject
matter wherein the disease state is cancer.
Subclass:
11
Immunodeficiency disease:
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject
matter wherein the disease state is immunodeficiency.
Subclass:
12
Alzheimer's disease:
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject
matter wherein the disease state is Alzheimer's disease.
Subclass:
13
Transgenic nonhuman animal (e.g., mollusks, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Subject
matter wherein the nonhuman animal is transgenic.
(1) Note. A transgenic animal is one wherein new genetic
information (e.g., foreign DNA, gene, etc.) has become
integrated into the genomes of its germ line cells.
Subclass:
14
Mammal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject
matter wherein the transgenic nonhuman animal is a mammal.
Subclass:
15
Bovine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject
matter wherein the mammal is a bovine.
(1) Note. Bovine include members of the genus Bos e.g.,
cows, oxen, etc.
Subclass:
16
Sheep:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject
matter wherein the mammal is a sheep.
(1) Note. Sheep are members of the genus Ovis.
Subclass:
17
Swine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject
matter wherein the mammal is a swine.
(1) Note. Swine are members of the family Suidae, e.g.,
domestic pigs, hogs, boars, etc.
Subclass:
18
Mouse:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject
matter wherein the mammal is a mouse.
(1) Note. Mice are members of the genus Mus, including the
common domestic mouse, i.e., laboratory mouse.
Subclass:
19
Bird (e.g., chicken, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject
matter wherein the transgenic nonhuman animal is a bird.
(1) Note. Birds are members of the class Aves.
Subclass:
20
Fish:
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject
matter wherein the transgenic nonhuman animal is a fish.
(1) Note. For the purposes of this subclass, fish include:
teleosts, i.e., bony fish, e.g., trout, perch, etc.;
elasmobranchi, i.e., cartilaginous fish, e.g., shark, ray,
etc.; and cyclostome, e.g., lamprey, hagfish, etc.
Subclass:
21
METHOD OF MAKING A TRANSGENIC NONHUMAN ANIMAL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Method wherein nucleic acid is stably inserted into nonhuman
animal cells which are or become germ line cells of the
nonhuman animal thereby producing a transgenic nonhuman
animal, or wherein a cross is performed between nonhuman
animals, where one or both are transgenic thereby producing a
transgenic nonhuman animal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 93.21 for administering already genetically altered
somatic cells into an animal.
514, Drug, Bio-affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 44 for a method of genetically altering only
somatic cells in an animal.
600, Surgery, 33 for reproduction and fertilization
techniques.
Subclass:
22
Involving breeding to produce a double transgenic nonhuman
animal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Method
wherein a double transgenic animal results from a cross
between two transgenic animals, such that a transgene from
each parent is found in a resultant progeny animal.
(1) Note. A "transgene" is genetic material which is not
wild type and which is present in the genome of germ line
cells of an animal, as a result of insertion of said genetic
material into the germ line cells of that animal or one of
its progenitors.
(2) Note. A "cross" is a sexual hybridization, i.e., a
mating or breeding.
(3) Note. The transgenes inherited from transgenic parents
may be at different chromosomal loci or may be at the same
chromosomal locus, on different copies of the same
chromosome, i.e., as alleles.
Subclass:
23
Via retrovirus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Method
wherein the nucleic acid is or is carried by a retrovirus.
(1) Note. The use of a vector which functions as a
retrovirus, i.e., a "retroviral vector," is appropriate for
this subclass.
Subclass:
24
Via microinjection of a nucleus into an embryo, egg cell, or
embryonic cell:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Method
wherein the nucleic acid is contained within an intact
nucleus, and said nucleus is microinjected into an isolated
cell which is an egg cell or embryonic cell (e.g., embryonic
stem cell, etc.) or a cell which is part of an embryo, and
which cell is, or becomes, the germ line cell.
(1) Note. The original nucleus of the microinjected cell
may or may not remain.
(2) Note. "Microinjection" involves injection into the cell
through a very small diameter tube, needle, or micropipet.
Subclass:
25
Via microinjection of DNA into an embryo, egg cell or
embryonic cell:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Method
wherein DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is microinjected into an
isolated cell which is an egg cell or embryonic cell (e.g.,
embryonic stem cell, etc.) or a cell which is part of an
embryo, and which cell is, or becomes, the germ line cell.
(1) Note. "Microinjection" involves injection into the cell
through a very small diameter tube, needle, or micropipet.
Subclass:
260
METHOD OF USING A PLANT OR PLANT PART IN A BREEDING PROCESS
WHICH INCLUDES A STEP OF SEXUAL HYBRIDIZATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Method wherein a breeding process results in a stable or
transient change in a plant with said process including
sexual hybridization resulting in a new plant genotype.
(1) Note. Breeding processes are defined as involving
sexual hybridization, i.e., involving the gametophytic phase
of the plant.
(2) Note. Changes in plant phenotype not due to genetic
changes are not proper for this class.
Subclass:
261
Breeding for altered sterol composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Method
wherein the stable or transient change produced in a plant or
plant part results in a change in the absolute or relative
amount of one or more sterol compounds in the plant.
(1) Note. A sterol is a compound with a hydroxyl group
bonded to a carbon of a cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene ring
system.
(2) Note. This subclass also provides for the case where a
qualitative change to a sterol is actually a decrease of that
sterol and an increase of the resultant sterol.
Subclass:
262
Breeding for altered pH or ion composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Method
wherein the stable or transient change produced in a plant or
plant part results in a change in the pH or the absolute or
relative amount of one or more ions in the plant.
(1) Note. A qualitative change to an ion composition
actually represents a change in relative concentrations of
the component ions, and as such, is a quantitative change
which is included in this subclass.
Subclass:
263
Breeding for altered carbohydrate composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Method
wherein the stable or transient change produced in a plant or
plant part results in a change in the absolute or relative
amount of one or more carbohydrates in the plant.
(1) Note. This subclass also provides for the case where a
qualitative change to a carbohydrate is actually a decrease
of that carbohydrate and an increase of the resultant
carbohydrate.
Subclass:
264
Breeding for altered fat, fatty oil, ester-type wax, or fatty
acid composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Method
wherein the stable or transient change produced in a plant or
plant part results in a change in the absolute or relative
amount of one or more of the fat, fatty oil, ester-type wax,
or fatty acid compounds in the plant.
(1) Note. This subclass also provides for the case where a
qualitative change to a fat, fatty oil, ester-type wax, or
fatty acid is actually a decrease of that fat, fatty oil,
ester-type wax or fatty acid and an increase of the resultant
fat, fatty oil, ester-type wax, or fatty acid.
Subclass:
265
Breeding for pathogen or pest resistance or tolerance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Method
wherein the stable or transient change results in a
resistance to or tolerance of a pathogenic or pest organism
in the plant.
(1) Note. A pathogenic or pest organism is one which is in
some way deleterious or harmful to a living plant such as a
virus, bacteria, insect, nematode, rodent, etc.
Subclass:
266
Method of breeding involving a genotypic or phenotypic
marker:
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Method
wherein the breeding process includes the linkage of specific
phenotypic traits with genotypic or phenotypic markers.
(1) Note. Introduction of a marker such as an antibiotic
resistance gene to facilitate breeding would be proper
subject matter for this subclass as well as methods involving
visual selection of a plant phenotype.
Subclass:
267
Molecular marker is used:
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Method
which includes the linkage of one or more specific phenotypic
traits with one or more genotypic markers such as the linkage
of the phenotypic trait "yield" via RFLP (restriction
fragment length polymorphism) markers to corresponding
segments of the plant genome.
(1) Note. A variant allele may be a molecular marker for
the purposes of this subclass.
Subclass:
268
Method of breeding involving a tissue culture step:
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Method
wherein a tissue culture step is used in connection with the
breeding process.
(1) Note. Subject matter included in this subclass includes
clonal propagation of a genotype for use in a breeding
process.
Subclass:
269
Method of breeding using interspecific (i.e., interspecies)
crosses:
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Method
which involves the crossing of different plant species by
breeding, e.g., introgressing traits from wild species into
cultivated crops such as introduction of genes from
Tripsacum into maize, etc.
Subclass:
270
Method of breeding involving a mutation step:
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Method
which includes both breeding and mutagenesis steps, e.g.,
mutation of pollen followed by using that pollen to breed a
hybrid or variant plant, etc.
(1) Note. Mutation encompasses the intentional or
unintentional use of mutagenic agents such as EMS (ethyl
methanesulfonate), energy sources such as x-rays, and any
process step that results in mutation.
Subclass:
271
Method of breeding using gametophyte control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Method
wherein the stable or transient change is obtained through
any method which interferes with the natural process of
pollination.
(1) Note. Proper subject matter for this and the indented
subclasses includes methods such as preventing or controlling
pollen shed, manipulation of dichogamy, etc.
(2) Note. Dichogamy is the maturation of stamens and
pistils at different periods, thus insuring cross
pollination. Protogyny is that form of dichogamy in which
the stigma matures and withers before anthers of the same
flower ripen and shed pollen, contrasted with protandry
wherein the anthers mature and shed their pollen before the
stigma of the same flower becomes receptive.
Subclass:
272
Via gametocide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Method
wherein chemical interference with gamete formation or
viability is employed.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are methods wherein a
gametocidal compound or composition is recombinantly
expressed in a plant or plant gamete as well as methods of
treating a plant with a gametocidal compound.
Subclass:
273
Via self incompatibility:
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Method
wherein fertilization is controlled by genetic
incompatibility alleles.
(1) Note. Transgenic processes involving known
incompatibility alleles, e.g., S-alleles in Brassica, etc.,
and their transfer into non-native species for breeding
purposes are proper for this subclass.
Subclass:
274
Via a male sterility genetic trait:
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Method
involving the use of genes which control or cause male
sterility.
Subclass:
275
Method of breeding maize:
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Method
involving the breeding of maize, i.e., Zea mays or corn.
Subclass:
276
METHOD OF CHEMICALLY, RADIOLOGICALLY, OR SPONTANEOUSLY
MUTATING A PLANT OR PLANT PART WITHOUT INSERTING FOREIGN
GENETIC MATERIAL THEREIN:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Method for producing a specific stable or transient change in
the genotype of a plant involving chemically, radiologically,
or spontaneously inducing structural change in a gene in the
genome of said plant, not including inserting DNA into or
rearrangement of said gene within the plant.
Subclass:
277
METHOD OF PRODUCING A PLANT OR PLANT PART USING SOMATIC CELL
FUSION (E.G., PROTOPLAST FUSION, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Method wherein cellular matter of two or more fusing partners
is combined producing a plant cell which initially contains
the genes of both the fusing partners, and wherein a plant or
plant part is regenerated from said cell.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include fusion of a
liposome to a cell unless two or more cells are also fused by
the method.
(2) Note. This subclass does not include fusion of a cell
to an enveloped virus as part of an infection or genetic
alteration method.
(3) Note. Placement of a method in this subclass does not
require fusion of nuclei.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
453 for fusing plant cells without regenerating a plant or
plant part and subclass 458 for introducing nucleic acid into
an animal cell using a liposome.
Subclass:
278
METHOD OF INTRODUCING A POLYNUCLEOTIDE MOLECULE INTO OR
REARRANGEMENT OF GENETIC MATERIAL WITHIN A PLANT OR PLANT
PART:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Method for insertion of polynucleotide molecules into, or
rearrangement of genetic material within a plant cell,
wherein said cell is part of, or regenerated into, a plant or
plant part.
(1) Note. The following glossary of terms is applicable to
this and the indented subclasses:
A ntisense RNA and DNA
An approach for inhibiting functions of endogenous cellular
genes which targets the gene's messenger RNA rather than the
gene itself. An RNA or single-stranded DNA molecule that is
complementary (antisense) to the mRNA of the target gene is
introduced into cells. This antisense molecule can base-pair
with the mRNA preventing translation of the mRNA into
protein.
E nhancer
Element is a cis-acting sequence that increases the
utilization of (some) eukaryotic promoters and can function
in either orientation and in any location (upstream or
downstream) relative to the promoter.
Exon
A continuous coding segment of a eukaryotic gene. Many
eukaryotic genes are "split" and have exons interspersed with
nonsense DNA called introns. Thus, it is a part of the gene
which encodes protein.
I ntron
DNA sequences in eukaryotes that lie within genes, but do not
code for protein. In most instances, introns have no
apparent function. Their presence "splits" the coding region
of the gene into segments called exons. In the synthesis of
messenger RNA, introns are copied into RNA, but they are
removed by splicing, which restores the continuity of the
coding sequence.
P romoter
Site on DNA where RNA polymerase binds and initiates
transcription.
Regulator
Codes for an RNA or protein product whose function is to
control the expression of other genes.
Structural gene
Codes for any RNA or protein product other than a regulator.
T erminator
A sequence of DNA, located at the end of the transcript, that
causes RNA polymerase to terminate transcription.
Transcription unit
The region between the sites of initiation and termination by
RNA polymerase.
T ransposon
Mobile genetic element that can change its position within or
between cellular genomes.
Subclass:
279
The polynucleotide confers pathogen or pest resistance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Method
wherein the polynucleotide molecule confers resistance to or
tolerance of pests or pathogenic organisms in the plant or
plant part.
(1) Note. Pests and pathogens may include viruses,
bacteria, nematodes, insects, etc.
Subclass:
280
Plant virus gene expression from the polynucleotide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 279. Method
wherein the polynucleotide molecule encodes a gene or portion
of a gene, which gene is from a virus which infects plants.
Subclass:
281
The polynucleotide alters fat, fatty oil, ester-type wax, or
fatty acid production in the plant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Method
wherein the polynucleotide confers a change in the absolute
or relative amount of one or more fat, fatty oil, ester-type
wax, or fatty acid compounds produced in the plant.
(1) Note. This subclass also provides for the case where a
qualitative change to a fat, fatty oil, ester-type wax, or
fatty acid is actually a decrease of that fat, fatty oil,
ester-type wax or fatty acid and an increase of the resultant
fat, fatty oil, ester-type wax, or fatty acid, and as such is
included in this subclass.
Subclass:
282
The polynucleotide alters pigment production in the plant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Method
wherein the polynucleotide confers a change in the absolute
or relative amount of one or more pigment compounds produced
in the plant.
(1) Note. For the purposes of this subclass, a pigment
compound is a compound which provides visible color to the
plant.
Subclass:
283
The polynucleotide alters ethylene production in the plant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Method
wherein the polynucleotide confers a change in the absolute
or relative amount of ethylene produced in the plant.
Subclass:
284
The polynucleotide alters carbohydrate production in the
plant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Method
wherein the polynucleotide confers a change in the absolute
or relative amount of one or more carbohydrate compounds
produced in the plant.
(1) Note. Carbohydrates are compounds which are saccharides
whose monomeric units are polyhydroxy mono-aldehydes or
polyhydroxy mono-ketones having the empirical formula C n(H
2O) n (wherein n is five or six) or the corresponding cyclic
hemiacetals thereof, or the reaction derivatives thereof in
which the carbon skeleton and the carbonyl function or
hemiacetal function of the saccharide unit are not
destroyed.
Subclass:
285
The polynucleotide encodes an inhibitory RNA molecule:
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Method
wherein an RNA molecule which is transcribed from a gene or a
segment thereof, acts to inhibit the function of said gene by
a mechanism other than by being translated to a polypeptide.
Subclass:
286
The RNA is antisense:
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Method
wherein the RNA molecule is transcribed in the reverse
direction from its natural direction of transcription.
(1) Note. Antisense RNA is complementary to a target gene's
mRNA thereby allowing it to base-pair with the mRNA,
preventing translation of the mRNA into protein.
Subclass:
287
The polynucleotide contains a tissue, organ, or cell specific
promoter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Method
wherein the polynucleotide comprises a promoter which is
active in cells of some, but not all, tissues, organs, or
cell types of the plant.
Subclass:
288
Nonplant protein is expressed from the polynucleotide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Method
wherein the polynucleotide encodes a polypeptide not
originating from a plant.
Subclass:
289
The polynucleotide confers resistance to heat or cold (e.g.,
chilling, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Method
wherein the polynucleotide permits the plant or plant part to
tolerate higher or lower temperatures than in the absence of
said polynucleotide.
Subclass:
290
The polynucleotide alters plant part growth (e.g., stem or
tuber length, etc.)
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Method
wherein the polynucleotide causes the plant or plant part to
be larger or smaller or to grow at a faster or slower rate
than in the absence of said polynucleotide.
(1) Note. Greater or lesser mass, or rate of gaining mass,
would be appropriate measures of growth for this subclass.
Subclass:
291
The polynucleotide comprises a transposon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Method
wherein the polynucleotide comprises a transposon.
(1) Note. A transposon is a mobile genetic element that can
change its position within or between cellular genomes.
(2) Note. Transposons are also called transposable elements
or transposable sequences.
Subclass:
292
Involving electroporation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Method
wherein the polynucleotide is inserted into the plant cell by
means of electroporation.
(1) Note. Electroporation involves the use of an electric
pulse of sufficient voltage and time to open temporary gaps
in the cell membrane to permit the polynucleotide to enter
the cell.
Subclass:
293
Involving particle-mediated transfection (e.g., biolistic,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Method
wherein the polynucleotide molecule is present upon or within
a particle which is introduced or inserted into the plant or
plant part by said particle penetrating the plant cell
membranes in a ballistic fashion, i.e., due to a relatively
high velocity.
Subclass:
294
Via Agrobacterium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Method
wherein the polynucleotide is introduced into the plant cell
by infecting the cell with an Agrobacterium which contains
the polynucleotide.
Subclass:
295
PLANT, SEEDLING, PLANT SEED, OR PLANT PART PER SE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which is a plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part.
(1) Note. Embryos, flowers, leaves, differentiated tissue
(i.e., specific organs), buds, meristems, shoots, roots,
tubers, fruits, stems, cuttings, bulbs, corms, rhizomes,
pollen, mycelium, spores, ascocarps, and sclerotia are
considered plant parts for purposes of this class.
Subclass:
296
Multicellular algae:
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Subject
matter wherein the plant, seedling, plant seed, or plant part
is multicellular algae.
(1) Note. Algae are defined as non-vascular, photosynthetic
plants, lacking true stems, roots or leaves and being aquatic
in marine or fresh water or found in damp habitats on land.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
47, Plant Husbandry, subclass 1.4 for multicellular algae
culture.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 257.1
for unicellular algae and culturing processes therefore.
Subclass:
297
Mushroom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Subject
matter wherein the plant or plant part is mushroom.
(1) Note. Mushrooms are defined as fleshy multicellular
fungi of the class Basidiomycetes or Ascomycetes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
47, Plant Husbandry, subclass 1.1 for mushroom culture.
Subclass:
298
Higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or plant part (i.e.,
angiosperms or gymnosperms):
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Subject
matter wherein the plant, seedling, plant seed, or plant part
is a higher plant, i.e., an angiosperm or gymnosperm, both of
which produce seeds.
Subclass:
299
Haploid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is haploid.
(1) Note. A haploid plant is one which contains only one of
each type of chromosome (n). Haploid multicellular plants
produce cells specialized as gametes.
Subclass:
300
Herbicide resistant plant which is transgenic or mutant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is herbicide resistant and has been made via a
transgenic method or a mutation step.
(1) Note. Transgenic means that new genetic information has
become embedded into the germ line of the plant. A mutant
plant is one wherein a change in the structure of the genetic
material (i.e., the DNA base sequence) of the plant has
occurred. Mutations result in heritable alterations in the
genotype of the plant.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
418 for a plant cell or cell line (other than tomato, corn,
tobacco, sunflower, or potato cells or cell lines which are
higher in the Class 435 schedule than subclass 418) which is
herbicide resistant.
Subclass:
300.1
The plant is maize:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject
matter wherein the herbicide resistant plant is maize, which
is also known as corn or Zea mays.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
413 for a corn cell or cell line which is herbicide
resistant.
Subclass:
301
Pathogen resistant plant which is transgenic or mutant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is pathogen resistant and has been made via a
transgenic method or a mutation step.
(1) Note. Transgenic means that new genetic information has
become embedded into the germ line of the plant. A mutant
plant is one wherein a change in the structure of the genetic
material (i.e., the DNA base sequence) of the plant has
occurred. Mutations result in heritable alterations in the
genotype of the plant.
(2) Note. Pathogens include disease-causing organisms such
as viruses, bacteria, nematodes, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
418 for a plant cell or cell line (other than tomato, corn,
tobacco, sunflower, or potato cells or cell lines which are
higher in the Class 435 schedule than subclass 418) which is
pest resistant or pest lethal.
Subclass:
302
Insect resistant plant which is transgenic or mutant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is insect resistant and has been made via a
transgenic method or a mutation step.
(1) Note. Transgenic means that new genetic information has
become embedded into the germ line of the plant. A mutant
plant is one wherein a change in the structure of the genetic
material (i.e., the DNA base sequence) of the plant has
occurred. Mutations result in heritable alterations in the
genotype of the plant.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
418 for a plant cell or cell line (other than tomato, corn,
tobacco, sunflower, or potato cells or cell lines which are
higher in the Class 435 schedule than subclass 418) which is
pest resistant or pest lethal.
Subclass:
303
Male-sterile:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is male-sterile.
(1) Note. A male sterile plant is one which produces no
viable pollen. Male sterility prevents self pollination and
the pollination of neighboring plants. These male sterile
plants are therefore useful in hybrid plant production. The
male sterile plant may still produce ova capable of being
fertilized.
Subclass:
304
Somatic cell fusion product or somatic cell fusion-derived
plant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is a somatic cell fusion product or somatic cell
fusion-derived plant.
(1) Note. Somatic cell fusion is also called somatic cell
hybridization or protoplast fusion. This technique may be
employed as a means for recombining genomes of sexually
incompatible species.
Subclass:
305
Lettuce:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is lettuce.
(1) Note. Lettuce is a member of genus Lactuca.
Subclass:
306
Brassica:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is a member of genus Brassica.
(1) Note. Brassica includes cabbage, rapeseed, broccoli,
cauliflower, kale, etc.
Subclass:
307
Cucumber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is a cucumber.
(1) Note. Cucumber is a member of genus Cucumis.
Subclass:
308
Watermelon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is a watermelon.
(1) Note. Watermelon is a member of genus Citrullus.
Subclass:
309
Melon (e.g., cantaloupe, honeydew, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is a melon such as cantaloupe, honeydew, etc.
(1) Note. Many melons are members of genus Cucumis.
Subclass:
310
Squash (e.g., pumpkin, zucchini, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is a squash such as a pumpkin, zucchini, yellow,
etc.
(1) Note. Squash are part of genus Cucurbita.
Subclass:
311
Pelargonium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is a member of genus Pelargonium.
(1) Note. Pelargonium includes various geranium species.
Subclass:
312
Soybean:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is a soybean.
(1) Note. Soybean is part of genus Glycine.
Subclass:
313
Bean:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is a bean such as a green bean, lima bean, etc.
Subclass:
314
Cotton:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is cotton.
(1) Note. Cotton is a member of genus Gossypium.
Subclass:
315
Apple:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is part of an apple tree or fruit.
(1) Note. The apple is a member of genus Malus.
Subclass:
316
Citrus (e.g., orange, lemon, lime, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is part of a citrus tree or fruit (e.g., orange,
lemon, lime, etc.)
(1) Note. The genus for citrus is Citrus.
(2) Note. The citrus genus includes grapefruit, orange,
lemon, lime, tangerine, etc.
Subclass:
317
Solanaceae (e.g., eggplant, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is a member of the Solanaceae family (e.g.,
eggplant, etc).
Subclass:
317.1
Pepper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Subject
matter wherein the Solanaceae is a pepper.
(1) Note. Peppers are members of genus Capsicum.
Subclass:
317.2
Potato:
This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Subject
matter wherein the Solanaceae is a potato.
(1) Note. Potatoes are members of genus Solanum.
Subclass:
317.3
Tobacco:
This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Subject
matter wherein the Solanaceae is a tobacco plant.
(1) Note. Tobacco is a member of genus Nicotiana.
Subclass:
317.4
Tomato:
This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Subject
matter wherein the Solanaceae is a tomato.
(1) Note. Tomato is a member of genus Lycopersicon.
Subclass:
318
Celery:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is celery.
(1) Note. Celery is a member of genus Apium.
Subclass:
319
Conifer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is a conifer.
(1) Note. Conifers (i.e., Class Coniferae) include pines,
spruces, firs, cedars, hemlocks, yews, larches, cypresses,
redwoods, junipers, etc.
Subclass:
320
Gramineae (e.g., barley, oats, rye, sorghum, millet, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is a member of the Gramineae family (e.g., barley,
oats, rye, sorghum, millet, etc.)
(1) Note. Gramineae also includes many grasses.
Subclass:
320.1
Maize:
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject
matter wherein the Gramineae is maize.
(1) Note. Maize is also known as corn and Zea mays.
Subclass:
320.2
Rice:
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject
matter wherein the Gramineae is rice.
(1) Note. Rice is a member of genus Oryza.
Subclass:
320.3
Wheat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject
matter wherein the Gramineae is wheat.
(1) Note. Wheat is a member of genus Triticum.
Subclass:
321
Lily:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is a lily.
(1) Note. Lily is a member of genus Lilium.
Subclass:
322
Sunflower:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is a sunflower.
(1) Note. Sunflower is a member of genus Helianthus.
Subclass:
323
Ornamental plant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject
matter wherein the higher plant, seedling, plant seed, or
plant part is an ornamental plant.
(1) Note. Ornamental plants are plants grown for their
beauty. Examples of plants considered ornamental are
snapdragon, delphinium, poinsettia, daisy, daffodil, iris,
tulip, etc.
Subclass:
323.1
Petunia:
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Subject
matter wherein the ornamental plant is a petunia.
Subclass:
323.2
Chrysanthemum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Subject
matter wherein the ornamental plant is a chrysanthemum.
Subclass:
323.3
Carnation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Subject
matter wherein the ornamental plant is a carnation.
FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS
The definitions of the Foreign Patent/NPL Art Collections
below correspond to the definitions of the abolished
subclasses from which these collections were formed. See the
Foreign Patent/NPL Art Collection schedule for specific
correspondences.
Subclass: FOR 100
NONHUMAN ANIMAL: Foreign art collections including products
which are multicellular nonhuman animals (e.g., transgenic
mouse).
Subclass: FOR 101
Plant, seedling or plant part: Foreign art collections
including products which are multicellular plants, seedlings
(i.e., a young plant grown from seed), seeds, or plant
parts.
Subclass: FOR 102
Recombinant plant: Foreign art collections including
products including plants derived from recombinant or
transgenic processes, e.g., transformation, which are stable
inheritable alterations to its genome and to subsequent
offspring.
Subclass: FOR 103
Somatic cell fusion product or somatic cell fusion-derived
plant: Foreign art collections including products including
plants derived from somatic cell fusion processes wherein
many genes are transferred from donor to recipient plant cell
(e.g., protoplast).
Subclass: FOR 104
Mutant plant or plant derived from mutagenesis: Foreign art
collections including products including mutant plants or
plants derived from mutagenesis by artificially and randomly
inducing a structural change in genes already present in the
plant usually without the incorporation of exogenous DNA, as
well as spontaneous or naturally occurring mutant plants.
Subclass: FOR 105
Monocotyledon (e.g., corn, rice, wheat, etc.): Foreign art
collections including products wherein the mutant plant is
one of the two major divisions of angiosperms (flowering
plants) characterized by having a single embryonic seed leaf
that appears at germination (i.e., monocotyledon).
Subclass: FOR 106
Plant having grafted product (i.e., grafted plant): Foreign
art collections including products including plants derived
from grafting processes involving the fusion of multicellular
plant parts from different plants; i.e., "stock" and
"scion".
Subclass: FOR 107
Genetically modified seed: Foreign art collections including
products which are seeds whose genetic makeup has been
altered, and which modification subsequently will be passed
on to its progeny.
Subclass: FOR 108
Dicotyledon: Foreign art collections including products
wherein the seed is from one of the two major divisions of
angiosperms (i.e., flowering plants) characterized by a pair
of seed leaves that appears at germination (i.e.,
dicotyledon) (e.g., cotton, magnolia, carrots, peas, mints,
tobacco, alfalfa, potatoes, mustards, squashes, dandelions,
sunflowers, spinach, poison ivy, beans, Brassica species,
most broad-leafed shrubs, trees, etc.).
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000