This is the generic class for apparatus and processes not elsewhere classifiable for: providing instruction about a subject or means; testing or grading a person's knowledge, skill, discipline, or mental or physical ability; displaying for purpose of comparison contrast, or demonstration; demonstrating characteristics and advantages of apparatus, objects, or processes; and cryptography apparatus.

REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, for means to display cards, pictures, and signs of both a fixed and changeable nature. Class 40 contains devices which are directed to the general purpose of conveying information by displaying words or the like (e.g.., alpha-numeric indicia). This class contains devices limited to the specific purposes of comparing, contrasting, or demonstrating the qualities of objects, machinery, and materials.
54, Harness, 71 for breaking and training harness.
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for physical measuring and testing.
84, Music, 470 for devices and methods of teaching music.
116, Signals and Indicators, for signals and indicators which may be used for educational purposes, especially 306 for hand set indicators which indicate some fact or information.
119, Animal Husbandry, 712 for animal breaking and training, and subclass 905 for a breaking and training method.
177, Weighing Scales, appropriate subclasses for a weigher not limited to mere teaching or demonstrating.
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for testing objects or materials by invisible radiation.
273, Amusement Devices: Games, for a game which tests the skill of a person in accomplishing some sought result or for a means by which a contest of skill or chance may be engaged in among two or more players.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, for general electric testing.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclasses 326 for operator interfaces.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, for the testing of visible light or material by means of visible light or optical principles, particularly subclass 51 for the testing of materials by optical means by means of ultraviolet or infrared radiation.
358, Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, subclasses 1.1-1.18 for methods or apparatus for processing data for static presentation (hard copy).
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 1 for chemical analytical processes.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, appropriate subclasses for a device whose purpose is for amusement rather than education. An amusement device having a specific modification in its design or operation to effect instruction of the individual is classified originally in Class 434.
472, Amusement Devices, for an amusement device proper therefor which may simulate an actual event or apparatus or provide an environment in which physical training may occur.
473, Games Using Tangible Projectile, for an amusement game or sport device adapted to be used in a competitive and amusing contest of skill or chance between two or more participants, whereby the results of the contest can be indicated according to rules defined for the game or sport, which device may also have an educational effect, benefit, or value. Class 473 contains devices which are to be used for practice by, or for perfecting the skill of, a person who already knows how to play the game, sport, or the like. Class 434 contains devices which are to be used for instructing an unknowledgeable person in some aspect of the game, sport, or the like. A device which is used for both instruction and practice or perfecting game skills is classifiable in Class 434 and cross-referenced into Class 473.
482, Exercise Devices, for an exercise device proper therefor which may involve training a human user in an exercise activity.
707, Data Processing: Database and File Management, Data Structures, or Document Processing, subclasses 500-542 for document processing performed by a computer for presentation.

DETECTION OR RANGE DETERMINATION OF DISTANT OBJECT BY APPARATUS USING SENSOR OF ELECTROMAGNETIC OR SOUND ENERGY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to teaching or demonstrating the operation or characteristics of a means for locating, or finding the distance to, a remote object (e.g.., an enemy aircraft, etc.) by use of electromagnetic or sound energy detecting means.
(1) Note. Instruction can be done by any means, actual or simulated; however, when using actual means the input signal representing the remote object is a simulated signal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 850 for underwater systems.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, subclass 17.7 for devices which use a simulated signal for testing or calibrating equipment.
367, Communication, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices, 87 for echo systems.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative Location, 207 for equipment which determines position.

Radar:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter relating to teaching or demonstrating the operation or characteristics of radar.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, 5 for radio wave energy object detecting and ranging systems.

Cathode ray screen display simulated by light means (e.g.., light spot projected onto screen, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter wherein light is used to provide a display that looks like a blip or sweeping line seen on the face of a cathode ray tube.

Optical means (e.g.., image projector, etc.) or light or sound sensor (e.g.., television camera, microphone, etc.) included in a simulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter wherein an apparatus simulating a radio wave sensing means includes some optical device (e.g.., a lens, etc.), a light detector, or a sound detector.

Interference simulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter relating to the limitation of means or conditions interfering with detection of reflected radio waves, such as pieces of metallic material dropped into the atmosphere (chaff or window), interfering radio waves transmitted by an enemy (jamming), or natural electrical disturbances of the atmosphere.

Sonar:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter relating to teaching or demonstrating the operation or characteristics of sonar.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 850 for underwater systems.
367, Communication, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices, subclass 1 for sonar counter-measure apparatus; and subclasses 87+ for echo systems.

Interference simulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter relating to the limitation of means or conditions interfering with the detection of reflected sound waves, such as water turbulence or propeller sound associated with a ship carrying a sound-sensing means.

Simulation of doppler shift of echo:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter relating to an imitation of the effect of the direction of movement of a distant object upon the frequency of sound waves reflected therefrom.

Simulation of plural detector system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter relating to an imitation of apparatus using multiple means for sensing sound.

Simulation by use of sound recording:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter relating to an imitation of sound produced by object detecting apparatus by employing a sound recording, e.g.., a magnetic tape or a phonos:graphic disk.

ORGANIZED ARMED OR UNARMED CONFLICT OR SHOOTING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to conducting wars between nations and states, to tactics employed by a military, police, or like unit, or to the discharging of firearms or other ordnance.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
42, Firearms, subclass 1 for dummy guns.
89, Ordnance, for means used in waging war.
124, Mechanical Guns and Projectors, subclass 28 for devices converting a firearm into a mere target masking device for practicing aiming.
273, Amusement Devices: Games, 348 for targets, per se.
348, Television, 121 for training devices utilizing television systems to simulate conditions relating to activities in war.
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 39 and 95 for motion picture methods and apparatus used in marksmanship training.

Self-propelled projectile:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter relating to a missile that is moved by some means contained therein.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
89, Ordnance, 1.8 for rocket-launching means.

Launched underwater:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter wherein the missile is released from a carrier below the surface of a body of water.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
114, Ships, 238 for torpedo-launching means.
235, Registers, subclass 403 for computers used in torpedo direction.

Aerial warfare:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter relating to conflict involving an aircraft or means carried
thereby.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
235, Registers, 400 for computers associated with ordnance or weapon systems.
273, Amusement Devices: Games, 360 for airplane-towed targets.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, subclass 18 for targets with radio wave absorbing, reflecting, or countering features.

Bombing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter relating to attacking an enemy target with an explosive or incendiary device dropped from an aircraft.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
235, Registers, 401 for computers associated with bombing apparatus.

Gunnery:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter relating to the effective use of guns.

Gunfire spotting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter relating to training in observation of the impact of projectiles, generally for the purpose of supplying information to a gun crew from an observation point.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for means for teaching the proper use of range-finding apparatus.

Gun recoil simulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter relating to an imitation of the kickback of a gun when it is fired.

Gun aiming:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter relating to pointing a gun toward something intended to be hit by a projectile discharged therefrom.
(1) Note. Devices which are used to instruct an unknowledgeable person in the use of a gun are classified in this subclass and subclasses indented hereunder. Devices which are used for practice by a person who already knows how to use a gun are classified elsewhere. (See the search notes below). Devices which are used for both instruction and practice are classified in this subclass and indented subclasses and cross-referenced into Class 463, appropriate subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
42, Firearms, subclass 1 for gun-sighting devices.
235, Registers, 404 for computers used in gun-aiming apparatus.
273, Amusement Devices: Games, 348 for combinations of targets with projectile projecting or aiming devices used for amusement.
463, Amusement Devices: Games, 2 and 49+ for a simulated projectile game.

Cinematos:graphic or cathode ray screen display:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Subject matter wherein a motion picture film or a cathode ray tube presents a representation of an object or scene to a person.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, appropriate subclasses for motion picture methods and apparatus.

Training apparatus using beam of infrared, visible light, or ultraviolet radiation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Subject matter wherein apparatus for instructing a person in pointing a gun uses a beam of electromagnetic radiation having a wave frequency in the range of infrared, visible light, or ultraviolet energy.

Beam sensor included in apparatus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter including means for detecting the electromagnetic radiation.

Means (e.g.., target, terrain model, etc.) marked or pierced to simulate projectile impact point:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Subject matter wherein the place where a projectile contacts a target or other surface is represented by applying something (e.g.., an ink spot) to, or puncturing, an object (e.g.., a simulated target or a terrain model used as a background for a target).
(1) Note. This subclass does not include a projectile such as a frangible ball that contains a dye or the like for marking a target at the point of impact of the projectile, since a projectile of this type actually strikes the target and there is no simulation of an impact of the type included in apparatus herein.

Gun loading or projectile preparation (e.g.., fuse setting, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter relating to making a projectile ready for use or placing a projectile in a gun.

Water warfare:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter relating to conflict waged on or below the surface of a body of water.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13 for training means relating to torpedoes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
114, Ships, 1 for warships.

Periscope view simulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter including means for presenting to a viewer an imitation of a scene observed through the tube used for viewing a seascape from an underwater combat vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
114, Ships, subclass 340 for actual submersible vessels having periscopes.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 402 for periscopes.

Range finding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter relating to determining the distance between an object such as an enemy target and a second point such as a gun site.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
235, Registers, subclass 414 for computers used in range finding.

AIRCRAFT WIND DRIFT SIMULATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to means for imitating the effect of wind upon the path of an aircraft.

VEHICLE OPERATOR INSTRUCTION OR TESTING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to controlling a conveyance during its movement or operation preparatory thereto.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, 121 for television systems utilized in a vehicle simulator.
472, Amusement Devices, particularly subclass 27 and 28 for an amusement roundabout having a carriage which may simulate a vehicle, subclasses 59+ for a device for causing a person to experience an illusion of being in motion, e.g.., travel simulating, etc., subclasses 88+ for a surface for a wheeled or gliding vehicle which may be used to simulate travel, e.g.., skiing, skating, etc., and subclass 130 for an amusement device for simulating an aircraft or space vehicle or the movement thereof.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative Location, 1 for vehicle operation or guidance involving data processing or calculating techniques.

Flight vehicle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Subject matter relating to an aircraft-type conveyance.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
244, Aeronautics, subclass 229 for dual control aircraft used for student instruction.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclass 7 for a toy simulation of an aircraft cockpit; and subclasses 30+ for remotely controlled tethered toy aircraft.
472, Amusement Devices, particularly subclass 130 for an amusement device for simulating an aircraft or space vehicle or the movement thereof used primarily for entertainment.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative Location, 120 for traffic control of aircraft.

Automatic pilot:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter relating to means for automatically directing the course of the conveyance.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative Location, 1 for computers used in vehicle guidance.

Model viewed and maneuvered by trainee from point remote therefrom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter including a miniature or model of a conveyance, the movement of which is controlled by a student or examinee watching the conveyance from a location spaced therefrom.

Helicopter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter wherein the conveyance is supported by blades rotating in a substantially horizontal plane and located above its passenger-carrying fuselage or framework.

Outer space vehicle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter wherein the conveyance is a type that travels outside the atmosphere of the earth.

In flight:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter wherein a real conveyance that flies through the atmosphere without restriction of its path is used for instruction.

With simulation of night or reduced visibility flight:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Subject matter wherein travel in darkness, or under conditions which restrict a pilot's view, is imitated.

Aircraft, aircraft simulator, or means connected thereto travelling on ground or water during simulated flight training:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter wherein a real aircraft, a representation of such a vehicle, or something connected to the aircraft or representation (e.g.., a boat or truck attached to an airplane by a universally pivoting boom, etc.) travels in any desired direction on land or water during simulated flight training.

Simulation of view from aircraft:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter relating to an imitation of the scene observed by a person looking out from the conveyance.

View simulating means located on belt or cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter including a continuous flexible band or a barrel-like element on which a drawing, painting, print, photograph, or other s:graphic scene imitation (e.g.., a terrain model, etc.) is carried.

View simulating means located on element having spherical surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter including a means having a surface all points on which are equidistant from a point (e.g.., a hemisphere) and on which a drawing, painting, print, photograph, or other s:graphic
scene imitation (e.g.., a terrain model, etc.) is carried.

Simulation of night or reduced visibility flight:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein travel in darkness, or under conditions which restrict a pilot's view, is imitated.

Runway outlining or approach lights simulated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter including an imitation of a light source used to show the limits of an airfield landing strip or the path leading thereto.

View simulated by cathode ray screen display:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein the scene is imitated by a cathode ray tube.

View simulated by projected image:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein the scene to be viewed is contained on a film slide, or the like, and is projected upon a viewing surface.

Simulation of feel of control means (e.g.., flight control stick, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter wherein touch-perceived handling characteristics of means for operating the conveyance are imitated.

Ground trainer agitated to simulate rough air buffeting or engine induced vibration of aircraft:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter wherein movement imparted to an aircraft by turbulent air or engine vibration is imitated.

Display or recordation of simulated flight path of ground trainer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter including an earth supported representation of the conveyance and means for exhibiting or recording the path that would be followed by the conveyance if maneuvered in accordance with a trainee's handling of its control means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 24 for means for plotting the position of a vehicle.
346, Recorders, subclass 8 for means for recording the course of a vehicle.

Aircraft sound simulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter including an imitation of noise made by an aircraft.

Aircraft or ambient condition simulated electrically or indicated by instrument or alarm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter wherein the functioning of an aircraft or a characteristic of the environment in which an aircraft is operated is imitated by electrical apparatus or is indicated by a dial, audible warning, or other informative means.

Takeoff or preparation therefor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Subject matter
wherein departure of an aircraft from the ground, or preparation therefor is imitated.

Aircraft attitude (e.g.., roll, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Subject matter wherein the condition simulated or indicated is roll, pitch, or yaw of an aircraft during its maneuvers.

Ice formation or aircraft weight:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Subject matter including means for imitating (a) an accumulation of ice on an aircraft, e.g.., on its wings or in a fuel tank, or (b) the weight of such a conveyance.

Pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Subject matter including a means for showing force per unit of area in some component of an aircraft.

Propulsion means or accessory:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Subject matter relating to apparatus for moving an aircraft, e.g.., an engine or the fuel supply means associated therewith.

Tiltable or turntable ground trainer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter wherein an earth supported representation of the conveyance is mounted so that it can be inclined or pivoted to imitate roll, pitch, yaw, or turning movement during flight.

With fan or simulated propeller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter wherein a spinning blade is mounted on or associated with the representation of the conveyance.

With means for stabilizing trainer when idle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter including apparatus for preventing movement of the representation of the conveyance when it is not being used.

By fluid actuated piston/cylinder ram:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter wherein the representation of the conveyance is moved by a fluid driven means comprising a piston slidable in a cylinder.

Simulation of flight generated force applied to aircraft occupant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter relating to an imitation of a force exerted upon a person by motion of an aircraft, e.g.., the force exerted upon a pilot when his aircraft is pulled out of a dive.

Sail-equipped vehicle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Subject matter relating to a conveyance having a panel against which wind force is exerted to propel the conveyance.

Bicycle or motorcycle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Subject matter relating to a conveyance having only two wheels and propelled either by a person or an engine.

Automobile or truck:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Subject matter relating to a powered nontrack land conveyance commonly known as an automobile or truck.

Model viewed and maneuvered by trainee from point remote therefrom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter including a miniature or model of a conveyance the movement of which is controlled by a student or examinee watching from a location spaced therefrom.

Driver's skill measured by time or vehicle travel distance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter wherein the ability of a person in controlling operation of the conveyance is appraised in terms of time lapsed or distance travelled by the conveyance during the performance of a task (e.g.., stopping the conveyance, etc.).

Recordation of driver's performance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter including apparatus for making a record of the manner in which a student or examinee controls the conveyance.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 24 for means for plotting the position of a vehicle.
346, Recorders, subclass 8 for means for recording the course of a vehicle.

Real vehicle used in instruction or testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter wherein an actual conveyance is controlled by a student or examinee.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, 321 for dual control motor vehicles used for student instruction.

Vehicle positioned on rollers, belt, or platform:
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter wherein the conveyance is supported upon (a) rotatable cylinders, wheels, or the like (b) a continuous flexible band, or (c) a generally planar man-made structure.

Obstacle or other means contacted by improperly driven vehicle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter wherein a conveyance not correctly controlled by a student or examinee contacts some object located on or near a path or parking position of the conveyance.

Simulation of view from vehicle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter relating to an imitation of the scene observed by a person looking out from a conveyance of the aforesaid type.

View simulating means located on belt or cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Subject matter including a continuous flexible band or a roller-like element on which a drawing, painting, print, photograph, or other s:graphic scene imitation (e.g.., a terrain model) is
carried.

Manipulation of gear shift lever or clutch pedal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter relating to operation of a lever or clutch pedal used for controlling the drive shaft power transmission of the conveyance.

ARCHITECTURE, INTERIOR DECORATION, OR INDUSTRIAL PLANT LAYOUT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to design or construction of a building, design or furnishings of the interior of a building, or layout of machines or other equipment used in an industrial facility.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g.., Buildings), for various types of buildings.

Magnet included in display or demonstration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter wherein an exhibiting means therefor includes a magnet.

Brick, tile, roofing, or siding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter relating to small ceramic blocks used for forming a wall or floor surface, a material such as asphalt shingles for sheathing a roof, or a material such as aluminum or wood strips for sheathing the exterior of a building.

Curtain or wall, ceiling, or floor cover:
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter relating to a material such as cloth used to cover a window or form a space divider, or any material used to cover a wall, ceiling, or floor of a house or building.

Light, mirror, or image projector included in display or demonstration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter wherein an exhibiting means therefor includes a source of illumination, a polished means such as silvered glass for reflecting an image, or a means for projecting an image upon a viewing surface.

Roller-mounted belt or strip included in display or demonstration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter wherein an exhibiting means therefor includes a rotatable cylinder on which a continuous flexible band or elongate sheet is mounted.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
426 for similar belt or reel devices used for other purposes.

Plaque (e.g.., disk, etc.) turntable relative to index (e.g.., window in card, etc.) to selectively align different points on plaque therewith:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter including a stiff sheet or board pivotal relative to a pointer, an aperture in a second stiff sheet or board, or other indexing means so that various points on the first sheet or board can be brought into register with said pointer, aperture in said second sheet or board, or other indexing means as desired.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
198 and 404, for similar devices used for other purposes.

Building or room interior represented pictorially or by model:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter wherein the appearance of a roofed structure or a room therein is exhibited by a picture or a miniature structure.

Representation of furniture, bathroom or kitchen accessory, or cabinet placeable in different locations on representation of room interior:
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter including a facsimile or illustration of (a) an item used in a house or building to support a person or an object (e.g.., a bed, chair, or table), or (b) an accessory used in a kitchen or bathroom (e.g.., a sink or dishwasher), the facsimile or illustration being movable to different places on a picture, model, or other exhibit of the inside of a room for the purpose of showing different arrangements of the furnishings.

VISUAL ART OR CRAFT, ARTISTIC ADORNMENT, OR COLOR TRAINING OR DEMONSTRATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to (a) a visually aesthetic object (e.g.., a painting), (b) a personal beautifying means, (c) a craft involving artistic skill, or (d) color training or exhibiting means.
(1) Note. To be included in this subclass as related to a color training or demonstrating means, or in subclasses indented thereunder, a patent must disclose means for teaching color recognition or must demonstrate color for its aesthetic effect. A means using color for identification or other subsidiary purpose is classified in another subclass according to the primary subject matter involved.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass or subclasses indented hereunder are certain aids for making an artistic object, e.g.., a support framework for modeling clay used in a statue or a device for facilitating creation of a perspective drawing.
(3) Note. Mechanical drawing is considered an artistic craft for purpose of this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, appropriate subclasses for drafting instruments.
248, Supports, 441.1 for an easel, book, or music score holder.

Sculpture or craft involving manual carving or shaping:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter relating to an artistic object or work involving cutting or molding by use of the hands.

Shape defined by filament (e.g.., string, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter relating to an artistic form delineated by a cord, wire, or like tenuous material.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 32 for an article having ornamentally wound or woven strands.

Color application (e.g.., painting, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter involving placement of color on a surface.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, 256 for processes of forming a nonuniform coating on a substrate.

Drawing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter involving production of a likeness or impression by making lines on a surface.

Animal or human body model having movable parts:
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter relating to an animal or human body model having limb representations or other parts which can be adjusted to different positions.
(1) Note. Models included in this subclass are used by artists drawing the body of a human being or other animal in different positions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
267 for anatomical representations used in medical training.
295 for artificial body parts used in taxidermy or specimen displays.

Stencil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter relating to a masking plaque having therein a perforation through which a marking implement or material can be applied to a surface underlying the plaque.

Tracing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter involving creation of a drawing by moving a pencil or other marking means over a path viewed through a transparent sheet.

Model support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter relating to a means for supporting a subject while it is being drawn.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, 441 for an easel.

Grid included in drawing aid or scene viewer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter relating to a means for facilitating creation of a drawing or a device through which a scene or object to be drawn is viewed, the means or device including a network of lines, usually to aid in proportioning the drawing.

Perspective:
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter relating to a drawing which gives the impression that parts thereof are at different distances from the viewer.

Orthogonal projection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter relating to drawing an object by projecting lines representing its shape onto mutually perpendicular planes.

Flower arranging or landscaping:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter relating to the artistic arrangement of a collection of flowers or the decorative features of a tract of land.

Hair or wig styling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter relating to the artistic arrangement of (a) a person's hair, or (b) a representation thereof.

Decorative sewing, needlework, weaving, or textile designing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter relating to the artistic creation of items with a needle and thread, forming fabric by interlacing strands, or creating textile patterns.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
26, Textiles: Cloth Finishing, subclass 69 for ornamental textiles.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses for a textile fabric of single or plural layers which may have an ornamental design or indicia thereon, see especially 175, 187, 190, 193+, and 196+.

Design formed of identical or complementary elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter relating to the creation of an artistic arrangement of elements which are the same or which cooperate with each other with respect to shape, color, or other design feature.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, subclass 63 for laminating processes combined with manually arranging different element to form a design.

Strips:
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter wherein said elements are narrow, flat pieces of material.

Color display:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter relating to a means for showing color or presenting color characteristics, e.g.., a chart naming harmonious colors.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 421 for an effective multicolor chart or standard.

Personal appearance or wearing apparel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter relating to color of an item or material worn to cover a person's body or to enhance appearance.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
377 for means for demonstrating characteristics of beauty aids not involving color.

Cosmetic or nail polish:
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter relating to color of a material applied to the face or nails.

Produced by spinning means (e.g.., plural rotating color disks, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter including a rapidly rotating means for producing color.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
104 for rotatably mounted color disks which are stationary when viewed.

Display produced by superposed color filters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter including color filters which are disposed in layers to produce a color.

Including mixing receptacle or holder for color material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter which includes a means for holding a color material while it is being mixed or until it is used.

Including relatively rotatable elements (e.g.., concentrically mounted color disks, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter including parts which turn relative to each other.

Automobile:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter relating to the color of an automobile.

ASTROLOGY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to the divination of the supposed influence of the stars or planets upon human affairs and terrestrial events by their positions and aspects.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
284 for teaching means relating to astronomy.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
273, Amusement Devices: Games, subclass 161 for fortune-telling devices.

BUSINESS OR ECONOMICS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to activities involved with managing a commercial or industrial enterprise or to analysis of factors involved with production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
219 for occupational training.
365 for means for demonstrating or displaying an item of manufacture or an industrial operation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
283, Printed Matter, subclass 115 for s:graphic charts for illustrating statistical information; subclass 54 for insurance; subclass 56 for advertising; subclass 57 for banking; and subclasses 66.1+ for accounting forms, books and sheets.
705, Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/price Determination, 1 for business or financial management data processing.

Work schedule:
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter relating to means for exhibiting a plan for, or the status of, labor or production matters of a commercial or industrial enterprise.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
705, Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/price Determination, subclass 5 for a work or task assignment data processing system; and subclass 32 for a time accounting data processing system.

Record keeping:
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter relating to a means for maintaining information about finance or other concerns of a commercial or industrial enterprise, such as records of income or expenses of operation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
705, Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/price Determination, 30 for an accounting data processing system.

Coin or currency identification or counterfeit detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter relating to instruction in the relative value of different denominations of money or in recognizing bogus currency.

CELESTIAL NAVIGATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to the use of a star for determining an object's position, course, or distance traveled in relation to a reference such as the surface of the earth.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
186 for means for instructing in the use of magnetic or gyro compasses.
239 for means for instructing the use of radio navigation apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative Location, subclass 200 for electrical navigation equipment.

COMMUNICATION AIDS FOR THE HANDICAPPED:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to devices which enable a handicapped person to communicate with another person.
(1) Note. Excluded from this class and subclass are devices which merely give a signal to the handicapped person upon detection of an obstacle in the person's path.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, digest 17 for tactile signalling devices.
340, Communications: Electrical, 407.1 for tactile signals in electrical communication apparatus.
348, Television, 62 for television aids for the blind.
704, Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics,
Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression, 258 for speech synthesis.

Tactile reading aid (e.g.., braille, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter wherein information is given to the handicapped person in tactile form.
(1) Note. Included here are tactile alphabets.

Converting information to tactile output:
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein the information is initially in another sensory medium (e.g.., Visual, Aural, etc.) and is changed to a tactile output.

Braille writing slate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter relating to a surface having protrusions or depressions arranged in a particular form, selected ones of which can be pressed against paper or the like to form tactile characters thereon.

Converting information to sound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter wherein information is initially in another medium (e.g.., visual, tactile, etc.) and is changed to sound output.

Writing guide for the blind:
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter relating to devices having guide means for a writing instrument, whereby handwriting by a blind person is
facilitated.

COMPUTER LOGIC, OPERATION, OR PROGRAMMING INSTRUCTION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to instruction in the operation of a computer, the logic involved in its operation, or the technique of programming a computer.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications, appropriate subclasses for particular computer applications.

FLUID FLOW OR WAVE MOTION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to movement of a fluid.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are patents dealing with the demonstration of pipeline networks, water waves, the simulation of sound waves by mechanical analogy, and devices which use fluid mechanics or hydraulics to demonstrate a machine or the like, regardless of whether the machine itself demonstrates a principle of fluid flow or wave motion.

FOOD:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to an edible substance.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are devices relating to dieting, nutrition, cooking, etc.

GAME, BOARD OR TABLE TYPE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to an amusement of the type played on a surface of limited area, e.g., chess or checkers.

Using playing card:
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter relating to an amusement using small pasteboard type cards with indicia thereon commonly referred to as playing cards.
(1) Note. Actual playing cards need not be used. A hand to be played may be displayed on a surface such as a disk, slide, or the like.

GEOGRAPHY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to the study of features of an area of the earth.

Terrestrial globe or accessory therefor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter relating to an earth-representing sphere or spherelike body or to means associated therewith to facilitate the use thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
284 for astronomy teaching apparatus including a representation of the earth which is not intended to illustrate geos:graphic features thereof.
287 for a celestial globe.

Relief globe:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter relating to a globe which represents the positions and varying elevations of different land masses.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, appropriate subclasses for making spherical articles by
laminating processes.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, appropriate subclasses for methods of shaping or molding plastic materials within the class definition.

Having diverse use (e.g.., pencil box, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter wherein the sphere or like body is also useable for a purpose not involved with study of the earth.

Having magnet associated therewith:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter wherein a magnet is used in combination with the sphere or like body.

Having plural planar or curved surfaces (e.g.., flat or frustoconical surfaces, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter relating to a spherelike body having multiple planar or curved surfaces.

Rotated by mechanical drive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter wherein the sphere or like body is turned by mechanical means (e.g.., belt, gears, etc.) about an axis passing therethrough.

Collapsible or arranged for convenient assembly, disassembly, or storage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter wherein the sphere or like body can be collapsed or is
designed so that elements thereof can easily be put together, taken apart, or stowed.

Inflatable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter wherein the sphere or like body can be distended from a collapsed state to a taut state by introducing fluid therein.

With means representing vehicle movement relative to earth:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter including a representation of a conveyance movable relative to the sphere or like body.

Space vehicle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein a conveyance travelling outside the atmosphere of the earth is represented.

With means indicating distance between points on earth:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter including means giving the distance between two locations on the earth.

With means indicating time at different points on earth:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter including means giving the relative time at various locations on the earth.

With means demonstrating solar illumination of earth:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter including means representing sunlight striking the earth.

With means demonstrating wind currents over earth:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter including means representing flow of atmospheric air streams relative to the surface of the earth.

With internal light:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter including a source of light located inside the sphere or like body.

With means to facilitate finding or reading indicia thereon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter including means for helping a user locate or read markings, printing, or other indicia on the surface of the sphere or like body, e.g.., a magnifying lens or a pointer movable relative to the surface of a globe.

With map segments attachable thereto (e.g.., continent, nation, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter including a plaque representing a portion of the surface of the earth and mountable on the sphere or like body.

With suspension type support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter including a cord or other means from which the sphere or like
body is suspended.

Means indicating time at different points on earth:
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter including means giving the relative time at various locations on the earth.

Map or terrain model:
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter relating to a representation of an area of the earth on a generally flat surface.
(1) Note. The maps in this and indented subclasses are limited to instruction in geography.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
149 for maps including means giving the time at various locations on the earth.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
283, Printed Matter, 34 for maps of general utility which merely delineate geos:graphical features.

With model or sample of natural or man-made item associated therewith:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Subject matter relating to a generally flat representation or three-dimensional model of an area of land combined with a model or sample of something occurring in nature (e.g.., animal, plant, etc.) or made by man at a particular place.

Relief:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Subject matter relating to a map or model having an irregular surface which represents the positions and varying elevations of different
land masses.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, subclass 59 for processes of making relief representations of three-dimensional surfaces.

Means for facilitating location of different points on map:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Subject matter including a device for helping a person find various points on a generally flat representation of an area of land.

HISTORY OR GENEALOGY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to the recordation or explanation of significant facts or events of the past, or to the descent of a person, family, or group from an ancestor.

IDENTIFICATION OF PERSON OR HANDWRITING ANALYSIS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to aids for identifying an individual, or for determining information concerning a person whose handwriting is being studied.
(1) Note. Included are devices comprising a plurality of elements, each bearing a portion of a facial characteristic of a person, such as eyes, nose, chin, etc., which can be selectively assembled to form a composite picture of an individual, and devices for facilitating the identification of fingerprints.

LANGUAGE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to instruction in language skills.
(1) Note. Crossword puzzle aids, because they involve
spelling and reading devices, because they involve word recognition, are indented under subclass 167, spelling, phonics, work recognition, or sentence formation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
222 for devices relating to instruction in code communication.
307 308+ and 319+, for use of audio means for teaching a subject other than language.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
283, Printed Matter, subclass 46 for printed sheets of language characters.
704, Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression, 1 for linguistics and subclasses 200+ for speech signal processing.

Foreign:
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter relating to a language not generally used in a student's native country.

Shorthand:
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter relating to writing in which characters, abbreviations, or symbols are substituted for letters, words, or phrases.

Alphabet letter formation, recognition, or sequencing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter relating to instruction in forming, recognizing, or sequentially arranging letters of the alphabet.

Letter formed by segments:
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein an alphabet letter is formed by assembling selected ones of a set of pieces, such as short of long, straight or curved elements, in the shape of the letter.

Letter displayed upon manipulation of mechanism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein some mechanism, such as a key having an alphabet letter associated therewith is manipulated (e.g.., depressed) and as a result, a letter-bearing member is brought into viewable position.

Writing or printing by hand:
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter relating to instruction in formation of letters or words with a hand-held means such as a pen or pencil.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, subclass 118.5 for a hand or arm rest movable with the hand of a writer during writing.

Tracing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein a trainee moves some means over an exhibited path (e.g.., a writing sample, etc.) to learn proper movement of his hand in writing or printing.

Slotted or grooved path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter wherein the path is a slot or groove.

Writing sample included in teaching means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter including an exhibit of a properly written or printed letter or word.

Mechanical means for teaching proper position of body part while writing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter including a mechanical structure for teaching a person how a body part should be placed during writing, e.g.., a means which holds fingers in proper gripping position on a pen or pencil.

Spelling, phonics, word recognition, or sentence formation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter relating to instruction in the way letters are arranged in words, the sound of letters, groups of letters, or words, the meanings of words, or the way in which sentences are correctly formed.

Magnet included in teaching means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter having a magnet in the instructing means.

Electrical component included in teaching means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter having an electrical part in the instructing means.

Color used in teaching means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter including color in the instructing means.

Letter or word bearing elements (e.g.., cards, blocks, etc.) with interfitting surface configurations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter including components having letters or words thereon and shaped so that surfaces thereof interfit.
(1) Note. Including are devices to ensure that the components must be properly arranged relative to each other to form a word or sentence.

Letter-bearing elements (e.g.., cards, blocks, etc.) selectively aligned to form word or sentence:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter including components which have letters thereon and which are selectively placed in order to form a word or sentence.

Letter-bearing belt or reel-mounted strip:
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Subject matter wherein a letter-bearing component consists of a strip formed into a loop or wound on a reel.

Rotatably mounted letter bearing element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Subject matter wherein a letter-bearing component is arranged to turn about an axis passing therethrough.

Letter-bearing elements slidable between different grooves:
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Subject matter including letter-bearing components slidable from one groove to another groove associated therewith, e.g.., blocks disposed in grooves in the shape of a T and slidable from the
horizontal portion of the T into the vertical stem portion or vice versa.

Display of word or picture upon correct manipulation of teaching means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter wherein a word or picture is exhibited when an instructing means is properly manipulated, e.g.., a keyboard arranged to display a word when its keys are depressed in proper sequence or plaques bearing portions of a picture and words which when placed in proper alignment complete the picture.

Crossword puzzle aid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter relating to aids for creating or working on a crossword puzzle.

Reading:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter relating to instruction in reading.

Speed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Subject matter relating to devices used to train a person to read rapidly.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
351, Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting, 237 for tachistoscope type vision testing apparatus. See also (1) Note under this subclass for the distinction between the tachistoscope type instruments as classified in Classes 351 and 434.

Projected image of reading matter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Subject matter wherein the matter to be read is contained on a film, slide, or the like and is projected upon a viewing surface.

Apertured mask moved past reading matter carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Subject matter wherein a member having a viewing opening therein passes between reading matter and a viewer, the latter attempting to read the matter during the time it is exposed through the viewing opening.

Reading matter carrier moved past viewing position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Subject matter wherein the matter to be read is located on a carrier such as a sheet or roll and is moved past a viewing position.

Pacer moved down reading matter carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Subject matter wherein an element such as a bar passes down reading matter at a controlled rate, the viewer attempting to read at the speed of the moving element.

Directionality training (e.g.., for dyslexics, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Subject matter relating to training a person to correctly read from left to right, and including aids for training a person to recognize or distinguish between letters which are mirror images of each other, such as "b" and "d" or "p" and "q".

Speech:
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter relating to instruction in proper speech, including public speaking and corrective training for persons with speech impediments.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
600, Surgery, subclass 590 for a diagnostic device placed in a person's mouth to detect the locations where a person's tongue touches the palate during speech in order to determine abnormal speech patterns.
704, Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression, 200 for speech signal processing.

MAGNETIC OR GYRO COMPASS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to a device for determining directions by means of (a) a magnetic needle turning freely on a pivot and pointing to the magnetic north, or (b) a direction indicator controlled by a gyroscope.

MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH OR VOLUME:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to determination of (a) the distance between points, or (b) volume.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, digest 47 for scale conversion means.

MATHEMATICS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to the science of numbers and their operations, interrelations, combinations, generalizations, and abstractions, and of space configurations and their structure, measurement, transformations, and generalizations.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
283, Printed Matter, subclass 44 for printed sheets of mathematical values.

Base conversion or use of base other than ten:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter relating to a set of numbers based on calculations with any number except ten, or to transformation between bases.

Magnet included in teaching means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter including a magnet.

Arithmetic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter relating to computations with real numbers.

Chalkboard or equivalent means having readily erasable surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter including a panel having a surface from which marks made by chalk or other means can easily be erased.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
408 for chalkboards and equivalent readily erasable means.

Manually manipulated numeral shaped elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter including pieces handled by hand and having the form of a symbol which represents a number.

Numeric value represented by weight placed on balance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter including a weight which represents a numeric value and which is placed on a balance to illustrate a mathematical relationship.

Manually manipulated elements having size proportional to numeric value:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter including pieces handled by hand and sized according to their numeric value.

Fraction representing elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Subject matter wherein the pieces represent two numbers whose quotient is to be determined, e.g.., 3/4.

Indicia-bearing belt or reel-mounted strip:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter including indicia such as numbers located on a continuous flexible band or on a web wound on a reel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
426 for similar devices not used for teaching mathematics.

Plaque (e.g.., disk, etc.) turntable relative to index (e.g.., window in card, etc.) to selectively align different points on plaque therewith:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter including a first stiff sheet or board pivotal relative to a pointer, an aperture in a second stiff sheet or board, or
other indexing means so that various points on the first sheet or board can be brought into register with said pointer, aperture in said second sheet or board, or other indexing means as desired.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 and 404, for similar devices not used for teaching mathematics.

Plaque slidable relative to index (e.g.., window in card, etc.) to selectively align different points on plaque therewith:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter including a first stiff sheet or board translatable relative to a pointer, an aperture in a second stiff sheet or board, or other indexing means so that various points on the first sheet or board can be brought into register with said pointer, aperture in said second sheet or board, or other indexing means as desired.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
405 for similar devices not used for teaching mathematics.

Manually manipulated pin or peg:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter including an elongate member inserted by hand into a hole or a material.

Electric component included in teaching means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter including an electrical part.

Keyboard or like manually manipulated array (e.g.., slides, levers, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter
including an assemblage of systematically arranged keys, slidable or turntable members, or the like by means of which a machine is caused to function.

Apertured elements threaded on elongate means (e.g.., abacus, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter including apertured pieces through all of which a wire, a rod, or the like extends.

Elements manually placed on or removed from elongate means during use:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Subject matter wherein the apertured pieces are placed by hand on the wire, rod, or like means during instruction of a student.

Means having number of marks (e.g.., dots, etc.) or associated physical units (e.g.., sticks, indentations, etc.) corresponding to numeric value:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter including teaching means with a collection of marks or physical elements equal in number to a particular numeric value, e.g.., a block representing the number 10 and having ten dots or ten notches on a surface thereof, or a bundle of five sticks representing the number 5.

Rotatable wheel-shaped element (e.g.., ring, disk, cylinder, etc.) having indicia on perimeter thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter including indicia such as numbers located on the circumference of a means having a circular cross section.

Color used in teaching means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter wherein color is employed to relate to a specific number or set of numbers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
98 for color training devices or charts.

Ball, block, or disk:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter including a sphere, a generally cubical element, or a thin circular object.

Division or multiplication:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter relating to dividing or multiplying one number by another.

Place value relative to decimal point:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter relating to the value of a number according to its position relative to a decimal point, e.g.., a number located two places to the left of a decimal point represents units valued at 10 each.

Geometry, trigonometry, or physical mathematical model structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter relating to the branches of mathematics that deal with (a) the measurement, properties, and relationships of points, lines, angles, surfaces, and solids, (b) the study of trigonometric functions and their applications, or (c) relating to a physical representation of some mathematical relationship, e.g.., a model of a parabola.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, appropriate subclasses for geometrical instruments.
708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating, 811 for the evaluation of trigonometric functions by analog computations.

Pythagorean theorem:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Subject matter relating to the theorem stating that for a right-angled triangle the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other sides.

Property of sphere or spheroid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Subject matter relating to characteristics of a globular body or an ellipsoid of revolution.

Property of circle or ellipse:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Subject matter relating to characteristics of a closed plane curve every point of which is equidistant from a fixed point within the curve, or characteristics of a closed plane curve generated about two points in such a way that the sums of its distances from two fixed points is a constant.

Demonstration means using relatively turnable elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Subject matter demonstrated by a means including elements that turn relative to each other.

Demonstration means using filament (e.g.., string, etc.) to define geometric shape:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Subject matter demonstrated by means including a strand such as string or wire which delineates a geometric form.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 32 for an article having ornamentally wound or woven strands.

METEOROLOGY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to atmospheric conditions, weather, or weather forecasting.

NUCLEAR ENERGY OR RADIOACTIVE RADIATION DETECTION OR SIMULATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to energy released by atomic fission or fusion, or to sensing or representing radiation released from atoms.

OCCUPATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to a vocation.

Air traffic control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter relating to guidance of airplanes along airways and during takeoff and landing.

Audiometry:
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter relating to the skill of determining a patient's hearing ability, e.g.., instruction in the use of an audiometer.

Code communication:
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter relating to a system such as Morse code signals for transmitting information.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, appropriate subclasses for mechanical signalling apparatus.
178, Telegraphy, subclass 113 for telegraph codes; and subclass 115 for electrical learner's instruments.
246, Railway Switches and Signals, appropriate subclasses for operative railway signals.
340, Communications: Electrical, for miscellaneous electric signalling.

Visual signalling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter relating to a system such as semaphore using signals that can be seen.

Electricity or electronics:
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter relating to the assembly or connection of resistors, capacitors, or other electrical components in one or more ways to complete an electrical circuit for training, demonstration, or experimental purposes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
234 for devices for teaching soldering, wherein electricity or an electrical component is only nominally disclosed.

Dairying, farming, ranching, or other occupation involving care of plants or animals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter relating to operation of a dairy, farm, or ranch, or to any other occupation involving cultivation or care of plants or animals.

Fire fighting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter relating to the art of extinguishing fires.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are devices for simulating a fire or for simulating fire-fighting equipment (e.g.., a pumper, etc.).

Keyboard operation (e.g.., typing, key punching, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter relating to the proper technique of operating the keyboard of a machine.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
84, Music, 465 and 470+ for teaching keyboard musical instruments.
199, Type Casting, for lino-type machines. 234, Selective Cutting (e.g.., Punching), appropriate subclasses, and particularly subclass 123 for keyboard means in a card or tape punch.
235, Registers, for registers and calculators.
276, Typesetting, appropriate subclasses for machines pertinent to that class.
346, Recorders, appropriate subclasses for recorders.
400, Typewriting Machines, 472 for a keyboard of a typewriter.

Means for selectively illuminating character on simulated keyboard:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter including a replica (such as a display panel) of an actual keyboard, with a light associated with each key or representation so that a character can be illuminated to indicate that it is to be typed.

Means for selectively rendering key operable or inoperable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter including means to lock one or more keys of a keyboard in an inoperable position and means to release a selected key so that it can be depressed.

Means for selectively producing sound of character:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter including means having the sounds of characters recorded thereon, and means for reproducing the sound of a selected character either before or after the key therefor is depressed.

Practice keyboard having individually depressible keys:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter wherein the training is performed on a dummy keyboard having individual keys each of which can be depressed without affecting another key.

With means to display character upon depression of key:
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter including means which will cause a character to be displayed when the key bearing the corresponding character is depressed.

Means on hand or finger for indicating finger to be used:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter including structure to be worn on the hand or finger of a trainee, the structure having characters thereon associated with individual fingers to indicate to the trainee which finger is to be used to strike a selected character.

Soldering or welding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter relating to welding or soldering, including devices for simulating the "puddle" created by a welding torch.

PARLIAMENTARY PROCEDURE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to the proper conduction of a meeting or the like according to recognized rules of order.

PSYCHOLOGY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to the behavioral characteristics of an individual or group.

Cooperation of plural pupils:
This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Subject matter involving interaction between two or more persons.

Behavior or performance display (e.g.., board for showing completed chores, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Subject matter wherein a record of a person's diligence in completing a
chore or a student's academic success is displayed.

RADIO NAVIGATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to teaching or demonstrating the operation or characteristics of a means for determining position, course, or distance traveled by use of radio waves.
(1) Note. Instruction can be done by any means, actual or simulated, however, when using actual means the input signal representing position, course, or distance is a simulated signal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, 385 for radio wave energy directive beacons for guiding aircraft along a course or on a glide path in landing operations; and subclasses 417+ for direction finding receivers.
346, Recorders, subclass 8 for recorders responsive to the direction and/or extent of motion of a translating member or vehicle.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative Location, subclass 200 for electrical navigation equipment.

Light sensor included in simulator of radio navigation equipment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter wherein an imitation of radio navigating apparatus includes a means for detecting light.
(1) Note. Light is usually substituted for the radio wave.

Simulation of upwardly directed airfield or landing approach marker radio beam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter including an imitation of a vertically directed radio beam used to designate the location of an airport or the path to be followed by an aircraft landing thereon.

Simulated radio signal generated by use of data storage means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter wherein an imitation of a radio signal is produced by means of information storing apparatus such as an electronic computer.

Simulated bearing or position of vehicle relative to radio transmitter or directional beam indicated to trainee by instrument:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter wherein an imitation of the heading or location of a conveyance with respect to a radio station or directed radio beam is exhibited to a trainee by a dial indicator or other instrument used in navigation.

Simulation of radio directional beam carrying morse code signal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter including an imitation of a directed radio beam modulated by a signal used in transmitting Morse code, generally signals for the letters A and N.

RELIGION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to the worship of God or the supernatural, or to personal or institutionalized moral attitude, belief, or practice.

Rosary:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter
relating to a string of beads used to count prayers.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
235, Registers, subclass 68 for ball calculators.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to teaching a physical activity engaged in for pleasure, or to instruction, discipline, drill, or evaluation of the body or its use.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 379.01 for devices for measuring muscular strength.
473, Amusement Devices: Games, 131 for golf equipment and devices used in practicing the game of golf and subclasses 422+ for a practice or training device for a playing field or court game such as baseball, basketball, football, soccer, tennis, etc..
482, Exercise Devices, for a muscle conditioning or developing exercising device which is selftraining or which may be used in practicing an athletic activity appropriate therefor, e.g.., track or field sports, gymnastics, etc.

Basketball:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter relating to a court game in which each of two teams tries to toss a ball through a raised hoop.

Bowling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter relating to a game in which balls are rolled on a green or down an alley at an object or group of objects.

Dancing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter relating to a rhythmic and patterned succession of bodily movements usually performed to music.

Football, soccer, or rugby:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter relating to a game played on a rectangular field by two teams whose objects is to get a ball over opposite ends of the field or between goal posts located thereon solely by the use of hands or feet, without the use of clubs or the like.

Golf:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter relating to a game whose object is to advance toward and sink a ball into each of a series of holes on a course with a club by using as few strokes as possible and avoiding various obstacles.

Skiing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter relating to the art of sliding and jumping on one or two narrow strips of wood, metal, or plastic, either on land or water.

Swimming:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter relating to the art of propelling the body through water by use of the limbs.

Traversing ground (e.g.., crawling, running, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter relating to movement of the body over a surface by use of the limbs.

Body model with articulated parts:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter including a physical representation of the body having pivotally joined segments, e.g.., a cardboard representation of the body the torso of which includes parts pivotal relative to each other for illustrating good or bad posture.

Picture or image of body included in display or demonstration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter including a drawing, painting, or photos:graphic image of the body.

Developing or testing coordination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter relating to teaching, or determining ability in, control of the body.
(1) Note. A patent which discloses utility both as a coordination testing device and as a diagnostic device is classified in this class and cross-referenced into Class 128 unless there is one or more claims directed solely to the use as a diagnostic device, in which case, the patent is classified in Class 128 and cross-referenced into this class.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
273, Amusement Devices: Games, 440 for a reaction timer used as, or in conjunction with, an amusement device or game.
600, Surgery, 300 for a device for diagnosing an abnormal physical condition wherein the diagnosis involves a response to a stimulus.

Associating dissimilar objects with apertures or pegs having matching size, shape, or color:
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Subject matter wherein elements of different size, shape, or color are respectively placed by an examinee or trainee in holes or on pegs which are identified by the same or different colors or which have corresponding size or shape.

Manipulation of tool or fastener (e.g.., zipper, shoelaces, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Subject matter wherein an examinee or trainee manually handles a work implement or a means for securing elements together.

Tracing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Subject matter wherein an examinee or trainee attempts to move a stylus or the like over or along a defined path.

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, THERAPEUTIC TREATMENT, OR SURGERY RELATING TO HUMAN BEING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to human anatomy or physiology, treatment of the human body to cure some disease or disorder, or a cutting operation on the human body to correct some improper condition.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 268 for a figure toy (e.g.., doll) or a portion thereof which is intended for amusement only.

Dentistry:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Subject matter relating to care of the teeth.

Means mounting upper and lower tooth models for relative movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Subject matter including means supporting upper and lower tooth facsimiles so that they can move toward or away from each other.

Cardiac massage or artificial respiration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Subject matter relating to manipulation of the heart to revive its beat or to assistance of breathing by any means.

Simulation of body sound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Subject matter relating to an imitation of a noise made by the body.

Anatomical representation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Subject matter including a facsimile of body structure.

Simulation of flow of body liquid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter relating to an imitation of movement of a liquid in or from the body, e.g.., simulation of blood circulation in the body or blood flow from a wound.

Including superposed sheets respectively depicting different body parts:
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter including thin panels placeable one on top of another and respectively picturing diverse portions of the body.

Head or part thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter including a facsimile of the portion of the body that contains the brain, chief sense organs, and mouth.

Eye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Subject matter including a facsimile of the visual organ or a portion thereof.

Internal organ, blood vessel, or nerve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter including a facsimile of: (a) one of the assemblages of body tissue which perform particular functions (e.g.., the heart or liver); or (b) a body conduit for carrying blood or a neural impulse.

Female genital:
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter including a facsimile of a reproductive organ of a female.

Skeleton or bone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter including a facsimile of the rigid framework which supports soft tissue of the body, or a portion of such framework.

Palpation or manual force application (e.g.., chiropractic adjustment, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter relating to feeling a bone to detect an abnormal condition thereof, or to exerting force against a bone for any purpose, e.g.., to adjust the position of a vertebra in the spinal column.

SCIENCE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to the systematic study of matter, energy, and their interrelations and transformations, or to objectively measurable phenomena of nature.

Crystal structure model or display having discrete element (e.g.., geometric shape, light, etc.) representing atom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter relating to a representation of the lattice arrangement of atoms of a crystal and including a separate means such as a ball or light bulb which serves as a representation of an atom.

Molecular model or display having discrete element representing atom or radical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter relating to a representation of the arrangement of atoms of a molecule and including a separate means which serves as a representation of an atom or a group of atoms that act as a unit in a chemical reaction.

Model having helical chain of elements (e.g.., dna model, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter including a helical string of atom representing elements, e.g.., a model of a molecule of deoxyribo nucleic acid.

Atom or radical represented by element formed of sheet material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter wherein an atom or radical is simulated by a means formed of a thin, flat material such as cardboard.

Model or display demonstrating structure or property of atom or radical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter relating to a representation of the arrangement or characteristics of an atom or group of atoms that act as a unit in a chemical reaction.

Indicia chart (e.g.., periodic table, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter including a sheet presenting information in tabular form, e.g.. an arrangement of the elements bases on Mendeleev's periodic law.

Means demonstrating physical property (e.g.., osmotic pressure, solubility, etc.) of substance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter illustrating a physical characteristic of a material, e.g.., the tendency of a substance to diffuse through a semipermeable membrane or the amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of another substance.

Astronomy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter relating to celestial bodies or material and their magnitudes, motions, and constitution.

Representation of light generating celestial body:
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Subject matter including representation of celestial body which produces light.
(1) Note. A representation may comprise a physical object such as a ball, or a dot or an aperture on a surface.

Light spot:
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter wherein the body is simulated by a dot of light on a surface.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Optics: Image Projectors, subclass 62 for projection of an image of a stencil in the sky or on a cloud.

Celestial globe:
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter wherein a simulation of the body is situated on a surface, all points on which are equidistant from a point (e.g.., a sphere).

And earth representation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter including a simulation of the earth.

Finding or identifying aid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter including means for locating or naming the body.

Simulation of sun and earth:
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter including representations of the sun and the earth.

Simulation of motion of earth and another major planet around sun:
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Subject matter including an imitation of the movement of the earth and one of the other major bodies moving around the sun.

And moon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Subject matter including a representation of the natural satellite orbiting the earth.

Moon model moved around earth model by mechanical or electrical means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 292. Subject matter wherein the satellite representation orbits the earth representation without being touched by a person.

By belt drive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter wherein the satellite representation is moved by a continuous flexible band.

Biology or taxidermy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter relating to the branch of knowledge that deals with organisms and vital processes, and the preparation, stuffing and mounting of animal skins.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers, subclass 94.11 for reactive treatment of biological specimens.
27, Undertaking, subclass 22 for manipulative methods of embalming or preserving corpses.
119, Animal Husbandry, 712 and 905 for training animals.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, 271 for processes wherein a body or element is embedded in or surrounded by shaped material in which said body or element may be a plant, flower, or a biological specimen.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclass 3 for a composition for preparing animal (including human) tissue for pathological examination including the staining and fixing of a histological tissue specimen.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus, subclass 2 for a plastic product manufacturing apparatus employing an anatomical body portion as a shaping surface.
427, Coating Processes, subclass 4 for processes of coating a plant member or animal specimen.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 15 for a three-dimensional imitation or "treated" natural product (e.g.., imitation flower, natural Christmas tree with coating, replica of an animal, etc.).
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclass 389 and 392 for an artificial eye for taxidermy use.

Specimen display:
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Subject matter relating to means for exhibiting a sample of an organism.
(1) Note. Included are forms for use in taxidermy.

Specimen enclosure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Subject matter including means for closing in the sample.

Chemistry or metallurgy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter relating to the science dealing with the composition, structure, and properties of substances such as chemicals or metals and the transformations that they undergo.

Geology:
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter relating to the history of the earth and its life, as recorded in rock or other mineral deposit.

Physics:
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter relating to the study of matter and energy.

Electricity or magnetism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter relating to the phenomena of electrically or magnetically charged particles, the interrelationship therebetween, the fields produced by charged particles, the flow of electrons in a circuit, or electrical waveforms.

Statics or dynamics:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter relating to the phenomena of mechanical energy or force, or the effect they produce on a physical body.

Optics:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter relating to light, its genesis or propagation, or the effect that it undergoes or produces when propagated through a substance or object (e.g.., a lens or prism.

TELLING TIME OR CALENDAR READING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to devices used to teach people how to tell time or read calendars.
(1) Note. Included herein are simulated watches and clocks whose hands may be manually turned.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
154 for educational devices wherein events are listed in chronological order.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, 107 for calendars, per se.
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, particularly subclass 45 for actual operative watches and clocks; and subclasses 28+ for calendar indicators combined with clocks.

VEHICLE MOVEMENT OR TRAFFIC ACCIDENT OR CONDITION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the movement of a vehicle through or over a pathway is demonstrated, e.g.., by the use of a model, or wherein a vehicle representation is positioned on a support surface (e.g.., a board) in simulation of a traffic situation or accident.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, particularly 584 for support surfaces for displaying general information.

VOTING MACHINE OR BALLOT MARKING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to the structure or operation of a ballot recording device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
235, Registers, 51 for voting machines.

CATHODE RAY SCREEN DISPLAY AND AUDIO MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein visual and sound information is presented by means including a cathode ray tube.
(1) Note. This subclass includes cathode ray screen displays which originate from wireless broadcasts, closed circuit systems, and videotape.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
323 for cathode ray screen displays which present a question or problem for eliciting a response from an examinee.

AUDIO RECORDING AND VISUAL MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein instruction is presented both audibly from a sound recording and visually.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
156 for an audio recording used in language instruction.
319 for subject matter wherein instruction is presented only from an audio recording, with no visual presentation.
322 for visual means for presenting a question or problem
for eliciting a response from an examinee, with no audio recording.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 1 for motion pictures with sound accompaniment where the invention relates to the film and/or projector structure even though the intellectual content may be educational.
353, Optics: Image Projectors, 15 for slide projectors with film accompaniment.

Common carrier for visual means and audio recording:
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Subject matter wherein both visual and sound information are included on the same carrier structure.

Carrier used with image projector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein the visual information is projected by optical means from an image carrier onto a viewing screen.

Card, sheet, or block:
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein the carrier structure is a card, sheet, block or the like.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclass 2 for cards having sound information recorded thereon where the information recorded thereon is of a noninstructional nature.

Reading head moved past stationary audio track:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter
wherein the sound information is reproduced by moving a reproducing head past an audio track on a stationary card, sheet, or block.

Manually:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Subject matter wherein the reproducing head is moved by hand.

Image projector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Subject matter wherein the visual information is projected by optical means from an image carrier onto a viewing screen.

With code on image carrier for controlling operation of apparatus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Subject matter wherein the visual information carrier carries a code (e.g.., light or opaque area, notch, aperture, etc.) to control the operation of the devices.

With code on audio carrier for controlling operation of apparatus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Subject matter wherein the sound information carrier carries a code (e.g.., a tone of selected frequency, etc.) to control the operation of the device.

Visual information in book form:
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Subject matter wherein the visual information carrier is a book or the like.
(1) Note. Included herein are devices commonly known as "talking books".

Audio recording on disk:
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Subject matter wherein the sound information carrier is a circular plaque (e.g.., a phonograph record, etc.).

AUDIO RECORDING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein instruction is reproduced from an audio carrier such as a magnetic tape or a phonograph record.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
156 for an audio recording used in language instruction.
308 for subject matter wherein instruction is presented from both an audio recording and a visual means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval, appropriate subclasses for audio reproduction from a magnetic recording.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, 84 for audio reproducing devices in general.

Listener's voiced response recorded:
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter wherein a listener makes a voice recording in response to the sound information.

Operation of apparatus controlled by listener's response to question or problem:
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter including means for receiving a listener's response (e.g.., an input key) and the quality of the response (e.g.., correct) causes the audio carrier to move to a new location to present new information.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
327 for devices for visually presenting a question or problem for eliciting a response from an examinee, with no audio recording, and the correctness of the response causes a new question or problem to be presented.

QUESTION OR PROBLEM ELICITING RESPONSE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a question or problem concerning an academic subject is presented to an examinee to obtain his or her response.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
156 188+, and other appropriate subclasses for devices presenting a problem specific to these subjects.
308 for devices which present a question or problem in both audio and visual form.
319 for devices which present a question or problem in audio form.
365 for devices for presenting educational subject matter not in question or problem form.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
273, Amusement Devices: Games, 429 for a problem eliciting game response which is based on the participant's existing knowledge.

Cathode ray screen display included in examining means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter wherein the question or problem is presented by use of a cathode ray tube.
(1) Note. This subclass includes cathode ray screen presentations which originate from wireless broadcasts, closed circuit systems, and videotape.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
307 for cathode ray screen displays accompanied by audio information.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, for television, per se.

Image projector included in examining means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter wherein the question or problem is projected by optical means from an image carrier onto a viewing screen.
(1) Note. Excluded from this subclass are devices wherein the question or problem is directly viewed through a magnifying lens.

And light detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter wherein the examining means includes a light sensing means (e.g.., photocell, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
337 for light detectors in examining means which do not have an image projector included therein.

Mark transfer sheet (e.g.., carbon paper, etc.) included in examining means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter including a first surface for receiving an examinee's marked or written response and means transferring it to a second surface.
(1) Note. The first and second surfaces may be the obverse and reverse surfaces of single sheet or they may be a first, upper, visible sheet and a second, underlying, hidden sheet.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
462, Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding, subclass 78 for leaves with mark transfer means, per se.
503, Record Receiver Having Plural Leaves or a Colorless Color Former, Method of Use, or Developer Therefor, subclass 201 for leaves with mark transfer means, per se.

Correctness of response indicated to examinee by self-operating or examinee-actuated means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter wherein after an examinee has responded to a presented question or problem, such as by manipulation of some means (e.g.., key, etc.), an indication of the correctness of the response is given.
(1) Note. The indication may be direct, such as by illumination of a green light, or indirect, such as by presentation of a new question, or it may be a negative indication, for example, the illumination of a red light or the failure to present a new question after an incorrect response.

Involving heat or chemical reaction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter wherein the correctness of the examinee's response is revealed by means of thermal energy or a chemical transformation.

Involving fluid flow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter wherein the correctness of the examinee's response is revealed by means involving movement of a fluid.

Involving magnetic attraction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter wherein the correctness of the examinee's response involves the attraction of magnetic materials.

By optical element (e.g.., mirror, color filter, lens, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter wherein the correctness of an examinee's response is indicated by optical means.

Reward dispensed for correct answer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter wherein the correctness of an examinee's response is indicated by a means which dispenses a tangible reward.

Picture or pattern completed by examinee placing plaques bearing portions thereof in correct relation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter wherein an examinee places a plurality of response-bearing elements (e.g.., blocks, tiles, etc.) in an array, the location of each element being suggested by a question or problem, each element bearing a portion of a design, drawing, or the like, and the complete, uninterrupted design or illustration being revealed if all elements are correctly placed.

Hand-held element insertable to different depths in apertures respectively representing right and wrong answers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter wherein a question or answer carrier has means (e.g.., recesses, etc.) of differing depths, the degree of depth of manual insertion of an element into the carrier indicating the correctness of the examinee's response (e.g.., a recess associated with a correct answer choice being deeper than a recess associated with an incorrect answer choice).

By means including electrical component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter wherein correctness of the examinee's response is revealed by means including an electrical part, e.g.., means wherein an electric circuit is completed by means manipulated by an examinee in the process of making a response.

Response of plural examinees communicated to monitor or recorder by electrical signals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein the response of a plurality of examinees are electrically transmitted to an examiner's station or to a recording means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
350 for similar devices where there is no means to indicate correctness of response to the examinee.

Light detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein the examining means includes a light detecting means (e.g.., photocell, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
325 for light detectors in examining means which also have an image projector.

Part of electric circuit completed when examinee places end of flexible lead, or means connected thereto (e.g.., plug, etc.), in contact with another element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein an elongated electrical conductor (e.g.., wire, etc.), or something attached thereto, such as a probe, is manually placed in contact with another element associated with an answer choice to thereby complete an electric circuit.

Part of electric circuit completed when examinee depresses portion of sheet having electric conductor associated therewith:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter arranged so that when an examinee depresses a sheet at a correct answer location thereon an electric circuit is completed.

Part of electric circuit completed when examinee places free element in contact with another element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein a freely movable element (e.g.., a conductive disk) causes an electric circuit to be completed if placed at a correct answer location on some element.
(1) Note. The manually placed element may be either conductive or nonconductive.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
338 manually placed elements having a conductive lead wire attached thereto.

Correct answer indicator lamp carried by free element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Subject matter wherein the free element includes an indicator lamp as a part thereof, the lamp being illuminated upon the closing of the electric circuit to thereby indicate a correct response.

Question or problem located on endless belt or reel mounted strip:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter including a question or problem carrier in the form of a flexible loop or a strip supported at least in part by a reel.

Size or shape of, or aperture in, free element controls indication of response correctness:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein a freely movable element (e.g.., card, etc.) has a distinctive configuration, a perforation, or other physical characteristic which is indicative of the correct response to a question or problem.
(1) Note. The "free" element is not directly connected to other means in an examining device. It may be manually placed in position on some other means to actuate the same or it may be loosely contained in a housing and moved into position by a mechanical means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
345 for similar devices which do not include an electrical component.

Correct answer illuminated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein the correct answer to a question or problem is present on a carrier surface but is not visible to an examinee until the correct response is selected, at which time the correct answer is illuminated and revealed.

Size or shape of, or aperture in, free element controls indication of response correctness:
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter wherein a freely movable element (e.g.., a card, etc.) has a distinctive configuration, a perforation, or other physical characteristic which is indicative of the correct response to a question or problem.
(1) Note. The element is not directly connected to other means in an examining device. It may be manually placed in position on some other means to actuate the same or it may be loosely contained in a housing and moved into position by a mechanical means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
343 for similar devices which include an electrical component.

Correctness of response indicated when examinee physically alters element other than by marking it:
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter wherein the examinee responds to a question or problem by altering an element in some way other than by marking it (e.g.., by abrading, erasing, puncturing, etc.) and the correctness of the response is revealed as the result of such alteration.

Correct answer displayed on side of element opposite side displaying question or problem:
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter wherein a question or problem is presented on one side of an element (e.g.., a sheet, etc.) and the correct answer appears on the reverse side of the element.

Correct answer hidden until examinee moves element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter wherein the correct answer is revealed after the examinee moves some element.
(1) Note. The movement may be manual or through a mechanism of some type.

Means for receiving examinee's written response:
This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Subject matter including a writing surface on which an examinee may enter a response prior to moving the aforesaid element to reveal the correct answer.

Response of plural examinee's communicated to monitor or recorder by electrical signals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter wherein the responses of a plurality of examinees are electrically transmitted to an examiner's station or a recording means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
336 for similar devices which also include means for indicating correctness of response to the examinee.

Wireless signals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter wherein the responses are communicated by wireless means (e.g.., radio, etc.).

With means for indicating first examinee to respond:
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter including means to identify the first examinee to respond.
(1) Note. This subclass includes structure such as "lockout circuits" which prevents subsequent responses to be record or identified.

Grading or response form:
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter wherein the examinee's response is graded.

Comparison of response form with standard answer form:
This subclass is indented under subclass 353. Subject matter including a standard form having correct answer locations indicated thereon, and an examinee's response form having response choices marked thereon is compared with the standard form to determine which of the examinee's choices are correct.

Light detector sensing response:
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Subject matter wherein the examinee's response is detected by light sensitive means (e.g.., a photocell, etc.)

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
358 for similar devices which do not include a standard answer form.

Electrical means sensing conductive mark representing response:
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Subject matter wherein the examinee's response is in the form of a mark (e.g.., a pencil mark, etc.) which is conductive and which completes an electrical circuit by bridging electrical means.

Means sensing aperture representing response:
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Subject matter including means for detecting an aperture made in a means (e.g.., a sheet, etc.) by an examinee to indicate his response.

Light detector sensing response:
This subclass is indented under subclass 353. Subject matter wherein the examinee's response is detected by light sensitive means (e.g.., a photocell, etc.)

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
355 for similar devices which include a standard answer form.

Electrical means sensing conductive mark representing
response:
This subclass is indented under subclass 353. Subject matter wherein the examinee's response is in the form of a mark (e.g.., a pencil mark, etc.) which is conductive and which completes an electric circuit by bridging electrical means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
356 for similar means including a standard answer form.

Means sensing aperture representing response:
This subclass is indented under subclass 353. Subject matter including means for detecting an aperture made in a means (e.g.., a sheet, etc.) by an examinee to indicate his response.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
357 for similar devices which include a standard answer form.

Means perforating response form at correct answer location:
This subclass is indented under subclass 353. Subject matter including means used by an examiner for placing a hole through a student test paper at a position corresponding to that of the correct answer to a question, the coincidence or lack thereof between the hole and the examinee's response then being compared.

Electrical means for recording examinee's response:
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter wherein an examinee's response is recorded by means including a electrical circuit or component.

Card or sheet for receiving examinee's written, marked, or punched response:
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter relating to a cord or sheet having areas thereon for receiving an examinee's response as indicated by writing, a mark, or a punched hole.

With apertured overlay:
This subclass is indented under subclass 363. Subject matter including a template having openings at positions corresponding to possible examinee responses to better enable an examinee to accurately locate a response by placing a marking instrument through a selected opening in the overlay.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 174 for templates, per se.

MEANS FOR DEMONSTRATING APPARATUS, PRODUCT, OR SURFACE CONFIGURATION, OR FOR DISPLAYING EDUCATION MATERIAL OR STUDENT'S WORK:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for showing the working of, or exhibiting: (a) any manufactured apparatus, (b) a natural or manufactured product, (c) the shape of a surface, or (d) instructional subject matter or the work done by a student.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for testing the quality of articles.

Means for simulating abnormal condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter wherein a malfunction is simulated in an apparatus or simulated apparatus in order to enable a trainee to recognize the malfunction and return the apparatus to its proper operating condition.

Means for comparing characteristics of plural articles or materials:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter wherein two or more similar articles or materials are displayed so that differences in quality or characteristics can be recognized.

Superposed indicia bearing sheets, one depicting interior view:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a plurality of sheets, each bearing indicia showing a portion of an item of manufacture, one or more of the sheets showing an interior view and the sheets being superposed to thereby give the viewer a composite view of the exterior and interior of the item.

Means for displaying article at various stages of manufacturer or treatment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter wherein an article is shown in several stages (such as stock material, intermediate product, and finished article) or two or more copies of the same article are shown, each copy being in a different stage of manufacture.

Transparent means permitting interior view:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter wherein an interior view of an article is obtained by forming at least a portion of the article of transparent material.

Mirror for displaying something (e.g.., apparel, hair style, etc.) as it would appear when associated with viewer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter wherein a mirror is used in conjunction with an article or other means so that a person may view his or her image and the article or means in apparent close relation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
472, Amusement Devices, particularly subclass 58 for an amusement illusion device which superimposes images by means of a transparent reflector.

Aircraft, spacecraft, or component thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter relating to an aircraft or spacecraft, or any of its mechanical or electrical parts.

Land or water vehicle (e.g.., automobile, boat, etc.) or component thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter relating to a land or water vehicle or any of its mechanical or electrical parts.

Servicing aid (e, g, lubrication chart, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter including means for showing the proper servicing of an automobile or component thereof.

Shock absorber or spring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter relating to a resilient means for absorbing shock applied to, or for resiliently supporting a land vehicle.

Tire, wheel, or brake:
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter relating to (a) a circular means on which an automobile or truck rolls, or (b) a means for stopping the motion of such a
vehicle.

Beauty aid or perfume:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter relating to perfume, a cosmetic, or means other than clothing for enhancing the physical allurement of a person.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
395 for means for exhibiting wearing apparel.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
132, Toilet, for toilet articles and methods.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, particularly subclasses 59-74 for a composition for treating or changing the appearance of the body, e.g.., face rouge or lipstick, etc.
512, Perfume Compositions, subclasses 1-27.

Burial means or grave marker:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter relating to a means for interring the remains of a deceased person or for indicating the location of such interment.

Demonstration or display of electrical apparatus or component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter relating to electrical machinery, circuitry of electrical apparatus, or a component of such equipment.

Motor or generator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter relating to a motor or generator, e.g.., a device demonstrating a magnetic flux pattern, electrical waveform,
or proper winding connection of a motor or generator.

Fluid filter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter relating to a device for filtering impurities from a fluid.

Household equipment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter relating to devices and apparatus generally used in a home.

Refrigerator or air conditioner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Subject matter relating to a cooling unit for food or a dwelling unit.

Vacuum cleaner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Subject matter relating to apparatus for cleaning by removal of dirt by air suction.

Insulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter relating to material that impedes heat transfer.

Jewelry or monogram:
Subject matter under subclasses 365 relating to a ring, bracelet, buckle, or the like adornment, or to monogram letters, e.g.., means for representing the appearance of
monogram letters as if applied to silverware or similar articles.

Lock or safe:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter relating to a locking mechanism or a means for the safekeeping of valuables.

Lubricant or lubrication:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter relating to oil, grease, or like friction-reducing material.

Mechanical power source (e.g.., engine, windmill, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter relating to the structure or operation of mechanical means for producing or harnessing power.

Mining:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter relating to a mining operation including subsurface mining means such as a tunnel or ventilator shaft.

Pen or pencil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter relating to a writing instrument.

Sport equipment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter relating to the demonstration of sport apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
247 for instructional means for sport.

Toy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter relating to devices which demonstrate the operation of a toy.

Timepiece or component thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter relating to a device for telling time, or a part thereof.

Wearing apparel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter relating to an article worn on the body.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass 458 for a receptacle with means to simulate wearing of the content.
223, Apparel Apparatus, 66 for garment display forms.

Displayed on doll or manikin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Subject matter wherein the wearing apparel is displayed on a support simulating a human figure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
223, Apparel Apparatus, 66 for manikins, per se.

Footwear:
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Subject matter relating to a boot, shoe, or other item worn on the foot.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
12, Boot and Shoe Making, subclass 1 for last pullovers intended to show how a shoe will look.

Hose:
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Subject matter relating to a fabric cover worn on the foot.

Headwear:
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Subject matter relating to an item worn on the head.

Neckwear:
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Subject matter relating to a tie or other item worn on or around the neck.

Machine mechanism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter relating to the structure or operation of an element or subassembly of machinery.

Rotatable element having indicia or picture on perimeter thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including indicia or a picture located on the circumference of a means having a circular cross section.

Block or like manually manipulatable object having indicia or picture on face thereof, or three-dimensional form for demonstrating shape:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including (a) a generally cubical element which can be handled by hand and which has a picture or letters, numbers, or the like thereon, or (b) a three-dimensional form (e.g.., an assemblage of connectable parts, etc.) for demonstrating shape.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g.., Building), subclass 105 for building or building component with indicia and other appropriate subclasses for components which in use are part of a building or other units so structurally similar thereto as to be classified therewith, e.g.., panels of general application.
84, Music, subclass 476 for cards and blocks for teaching music.
273, Amusement Devices: Games, 292 for card or tile games which may have an educational benefit, and see especially subclasses 299, 300, 302, and 308 thereof.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 85 for a construction toy (e.g.., blocks) intended for amusement only.

Plaque (e.g.., disk, etc.) turntable relative to index (e.g.., window in card, etc.) to selectively align different points on plaque therewith:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a stiff sheet or board pivotal relative to a pointer, an aperture in a second stiff sheet or board, or some other indexing means so that various points on first mentioned sheet or board can be brought into register with said pointer, said aperture in said second sheet or board, or other indexing means as desired.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 and 198, for similar devices used for teaching
architecture and mathematics, respectively.

Plaque slidable relative to index (e.g.., window in card, etc.) to selectively align different points on plaque therewith:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a stiff board or sheet translatable relative to a pointer, an aperture in a second stiff sheet or board, or some other indexing means so that various points on the first mentioned sheet or board can be brought into register with said pointer, said aperture in said second sheet or board, or other indexing means as desired.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
199 for similar devices used for teaching mathematics.

Jigsaw elements having indicia thereon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including irregularly cut pieces that fit together and have markings such as letters or numbers thereon.

Manually manipulated pin or peg inserted into display board:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including an exhibiting means wherein an elongate member is inserted by hand into a hole or a material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
200 for similar devices used for teaching mathematics.

Chalkboard or equivalent means having easily erasable surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a panel having a surface from which marks made by chalk or other means can easily be erased.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
211 for similar devices used for teaching mathematics.

Mark formed by magnetic attraction between materials (e.g.., particles in sheet made visible by movement of magnet over sheet, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter wherein a mark is made on the panel by means involving attraction of one magnetic material to another.

Mark formed by bonding sheet to underlying surface with pressure-applying stylus (e.g.., magic slate, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter wherein the panel comprises a transparent or translucent sheet and an underlying surface, a mark being made by applying pressure against the top surface of the sheet with a pen-shaped instrument to thereby cause the sheet to stick to the underlying surface along the path traced by said instrument, the line of bonding being visible.

Erasable surface on endless belt:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter wherein the erasable surface is on a continuous flexible band.

Erasable surface on reel-mounted sheet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter wherein the erasable surface is on a thin, flexible panel wound on a reel.

Separate elements having erasable surfaces:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter including multiple erasable panels.

Relatively swingable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Subject matter wherein the panels can be pivoted relative to each other.

With pencil holder or sharpener:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter including means for holding or putting a point on a pencil.

With chart, illustration, or indicia:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter including a sheet giving information in s:graphic or tabular form, a picture or diagram of something, or markings such as letters or numbers.

Chalkboard cleaning means, chalk or eraser holder, or chalk dust receiver:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter including means for removing markings from the panel, means for holding chalk or an eraser, or means for catching chalk powder.

With ruler, straight edge, or holder therefor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter including a strip used for guiding a pen or pencil in drawing lines or for measuring, or a means for holding a strip of such type.

Pivotal about horizontal axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter wherein the panel is turnable about a line parallel with the surface of the earth.

Vertically adjustable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter wherein the panel can be moved up or down.

Attached to wall:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter wherein the panel is secured to a vertical partition of a building structure.

Hand-carried school slate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter wherein the panel can be held in a student's hand as he goes to or from school classrooms.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
415 for a hand-carried school slate having a pencil holder or sharpener associated therewith.

With rigid corner cap or separate means holding slate frame elements together:
This subclass is indented under subclass 422. Subject matter including a stiff means which covers a point where edging members for the panel meet or a means which secures such edging members together.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for means
for securing frame elements together.

With cushion or noise muffler attached to slate frame:
This subclass is indented under subclass 422. Subject matter including a means for protecting an edging for the panel or a means for reducing the sound made by the edging when it strikes another object.

Artificial slate formed of plural constituents:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter wherein the panel is man-made and includes multiple materials.

Endless belt or reel-mounted strip having indicia thereon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including indicia such as numbers or letters located on a continuous flexible band or on a web wound on a reel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
197 for similar devices used for teaching mathematics.

Apertured mask placed over information bearing surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including an opaque screen having a hole or holes therein so that it can be laid on a sheet or board having information thereon to thereby reveal certain data and cover irrelevant data.

Pictorial demonstration or display:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter wherein an exhibiting means includes a picture.

Demonstration or display means combined with storage or collection means (e.g.., receptacle, scoop, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a container for holding exhibiting means, or a device for gathering such means.

Display panel, chart, or graph:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a sheet giving information in s:graphic or tabular form, a diagram that represents the variation of a variable, or a panel for displaying indicia, an apparatus or a product.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305 for a panel or chart for depicting a traffic accident or condition.

Showing seat or desk location:
This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Subject matter which exhibits the placement of one or more seats or desks.

DESK, TABLE, OR STUDY BOOTH:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to structure for facilitating study by at least partially shielding a person from surrounding objects or persons, or for supporting study material.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
297, Chairs and Seats, 135 for a chair with a desk, i.e., school desk.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, appropriate subclasses for cabinet structures.

MISCELLANEOUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter not provided for in any previous subclass.