This class is the generic class for devices which produce an electrical current by means of a chemical reaction or change in physical state (e.g., from liquid to gas, etc.). Also included are the following subject matter not provided for elsewhere.
A. Structural combinations of the device, subcombinations and elements thereof.
B. Electrolyte, compositions of the same, and process of preparation.
C. Process of operating the device.
D. Miscellaneous process involving the device.
(1) Note. The meaning to be given to the various "art" terms appearing in this class, but which have not been included in the glossary below, is the same as that generally accepted or in common usage. However, certain terms employed in this class, which are included below, have been assigned definitions tailored to meet the needs of this class and therefore those may be more restricted or less limited or even altogether different from those in common usage.

LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A. LINES WITH AND SEARCH NOTES TO COMPOUND, COMPOSITION, AND MATERIAL CLASSES.
1. A compound, per se, is classified in a compound class regardless of utility. See References to Other Classes below for an example of a class for inorganic compounds and nonmetallic elements having a Class 429 utility
2. A composition or material, per se, (except for electrolyte) for Class 429 subject matter is classified in the appropriate composition or material class. Further, a Class 429 article or product mentioned by name only (except for separator) without any inclusion of structure and defined only in terms of its composition or material is classified in the appropriate composition or material classes, particularly those listed below in References to Other Classes.
The rules for determining Class placement of the Original Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set forth in the Class Definition of Class 252 in the section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection COMPOSITION CLASS SUPERIORITY, which includes a hierarchical ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES.
a. The following guidelines are to be followed in determining whether structure is present in any of the named subject matter: (1) A recitation of any numerical dimension of the product is deemed structure; (2) a product composed of two or more layers is deemed structure; (3) randomly disposed pores or cells in a porous, cellular or foamed product is deemed structure; and (4) internal characteristics such as crystalline form, molecular orientation, etc., is not considered structure.
b. Once the determination has been made that structure exists in the composition or material noted above and it is singly disclosed or claimed for a battery, the patent is classified in this class (429).
B. LINES AND SEARCH NOTES TO ARTICLE OR PRODUCT CLASSES
1. As a general rule an article is classified, the class
providing specifically for the same or a generic class which can take the same.
An exception to this rule is an article mentioned in name only and defined in terms of its composition or material is classified in one of the composition or material classes. (See "Lines With And Search Notes To Compound, Composition, And Material Classes," 2, above, and References to Other Classes associated with the above section.)
This class (429) provides for a battery combination comprising a casing, electrodes and a separator. Also various subcombinations of the above.
Usually the application or use of a current-producing device (battery) in combination with other devices is classified in appropriate classes. See References to Other Classes, below.
C. LINES WITH AND SEARCH NOTES TO PROCESS AND APPARATUS CLASSES
See References to Other Classes below.
D. LINES BETWEEN CLASS 429, CLASS 204, AND CLASS 205
Wherein structure or process is common to both classes, the following line is to be observed. Where combined subject matter of both Class 204 and Class 429 is claimed or disclosed, classification will be based on the proximate function, e.g., current production, (Class 429) and the production of a product (Class 204). Generic claims are to be classified in the generic class (204). Also see the Search Class notes below to Class 204 and Class 205.

REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, appropriate subclasses for subject matter of that class adapted for use with battery structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
29, Metal Working, subclass 2 for apparatus and process for making metallic battery grids; subclasses 730+ for apparatus, and subclasses 623.1+ for process of making a battery not including the use of the same. (Process And Apparatus Class)
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for treating a battery or part thereof by drying or gas/vapor contact with the same. (Process And Apparatus Class)
49, Movable or Removable Closures, appropriate subclasses for closures of that class. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
53, Package Making, appropriate subclasses for methods of and apparatus for encompassing or encasing goods or materials with a separate cover or band which serves as means for identifying, protecting, or unit handling the goods or materials. (Process And Apparatus Class)
60, Power Plants, for power plants combined with battery or fuel cell structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
65, Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for process or apparatus for making a battery part of glass by a glass working operation(s). (Process And Apparatus Class)
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for apparatus adapted for use with a battery for making a measurement or test of any kind. The combination of such apparatus and a battery is proper subject matter for Class 429. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for testing processes and apparatus in general. (Process And Apparatus Class)
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, etc., 228 for a consolidated metal particle composition. (See above, "Lines With And Search Notes To Compound, Composition, And Material Classes, 2")
102, Ammunition and Explosives Devices, appropriate subclasses, especially 200 for fuses, primers, and igniting devices utilizing electrical energy. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 51 for battery holders for electric locomotives. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for a composition which is in fluent or solid noncoherent form and which is adapted for coating or impregnating and for change to a less fluent, or a solid coherent, form by setting (e.g., concrete, plastic, etc.), chemical reaction, removal or solvent, solidification from a molten state, etc. In a patent directed to a filler or pigment for a coating composition, the recitation of size or structure of the constituent particle or fibers is not sufficient to exclude said patent from Class 106. (See above, "Lines With And Search Notes To Compound, Composition, And Material Classes, 2")
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclasses for articles of general utility defined by compositions for Class 106 and see (1) Note of Class 106 for
a listing of classes having articles defined by the composition. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes.")
106, Compositions, Coating or Plastic, for processes of making subject matter of that class. (Process And Apparatus Class)
114, Ships, subclass 20.1 for the combination of torpedo and battery structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes".)
116, Signals and Indicators, appropriate subclasses for mechanical indicators adapted for use with batteries. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, 200 for thermoelectric batteries, subclasses 243+ for photoelectric batteries. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes.)
137, Fluid Handling, for process and apparatus for handling a fluid usually of general utility; and especially 260 for structure for battery or electrolytic cell replenishment. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes".)
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 43 for nonspill vents for batteries, subclasses 260+ for battery replenishment apparatus and subclasses 386+ for automatic liquid level control devices of general application even though disclosed for batteries. (Process And Apparatus Class)
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means, 32 for apparatus and subclass 111 for process for pasting (filling) battery grids. Other appropriate subclasses for the filling of a battery with fluent material, i.e., electrolyte. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes".)
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for filling batteries, particularly 1.1 for grid pasting process and subclasses 32+ for grid pasting apparatus. (Process And Apparatus Class)
148, Metal Treatment, 400 for metal stock material which is (a) produced by a process of that class (148); or (b) distinguished by (a) internal structure (e.g., crystalline, etc.), or (b) characteristics (e.g., semiconductor, etc.) of the metal. (See above, "Lines With And Search Notes To Compound, Composition, And Material Classes, 2")
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, appropriate subclasses for processes of apparatus for making
batteries by operations of that class. (Process And Apparatus Class)
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate subclasses for a nonstructural (a) single-layer waterlaid fibrous product, (b) plural-layer product including a layer of fibers applied to a second layer by a process provided for in that class (162), or (c) paper homogeneously impregnated throughout. Note particularly subclasses 141-181.1 + which include any nonstructural fiber. (See above, "Lines With And Search Notes To Compound, Composition, And Material Classes, 2")
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, 100 for paper stock material of general utility. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate subclass for process and apparatus for making battery part; especially subclass 138 for process of making paper product having specified electrical products. (Process And Apparatus Class)
164, Metal Founding, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for metal casting and processes of casting metal grids, and subclass 109 for uniting battery plates by casting. (Process And Apparatus Class)
166, Wells, subclass 248 for process of applying electrical current through the earth for treating a well. (Process And Apparatus Class)
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, appropriate subclasses for subject matter of that class not limited to battery structure, per se. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
180, Motor Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for subject matter of that class combined with battery structure and especially subclass 68.5 for battery mountings or holders combined with significant motor vehicle structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, appropriate subclass for circuit makers-breakers (e.g., switch, etc.) adapted for use with batteries. The combination of a battery or significant battery structure and a circuit maker or breaker integral with the battery is subject matter for class (429). (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, for products solely disclosed as made by a process of Class 204 except for (1) products which comprise two contiguous metallic layers and (2) products of processes classifiable in 157.15 and 450+. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product
Classes" above)
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 194 for electrolytic apparatus and other appropriate subclasses for subject matter involving the use of electrical or wave energy (e.g., short-circuited battery, internal battery, cathodic or anodic protector devices, testers which use an electrochemically produced current only to operate an indicator such as a meter (especially subclasses 400+), etc.). In cases where the combined subject matter of both Class 204 and Class 429 is claimed or disclosed, classification will be based on the proximate function, (e.g., current production is provided for in Class 429, production of a product is provided for in Class 204, etc.). Generic claims are properly classified in Class 204. (Process And Apparatus Class)
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclass 50 for a product made by electrolysis involving electrolytic marking, battery electrode active material forming, electroforming, or electrolytic coating. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for electrolytic processes, in general. In cases where the combined subject matter of both Class 205 and Class 429 is claimed or disclosed, classification will be based on the proximate function (e.g., current production is provided for in Class 429, electrolytic production of a product is provided for in Class 205, etc.). Generic claims to electrolysis are properly classified in Class 205. (Process And Apparatus Class)
206, Special Receptacle or Package, appropriate subclasses for special receptacles or packages, especially 524.1 for acid-proof receptacles, and subclasses 601+ for receptacles or packages for an electrical article and subclasses 603+ for battery package. Class 206 takes special receptacles and packages of general utility. Class 429 takes special receptacle having battery structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
219, Electric Heating, 200 for heating device adapted for use with batteries or heaters combined with batteries. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
219, Electric Heating, appropriate subclass for apparatus and process of making, repairing, etc., batteries by electric heating, e.g., welding, etc. (Process And Apparatus Class)
220, Receptacles, appropriate subclasses for metallic receptacles of general utility or metallic receptacle adapted to hold batteries. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article
Or Product Classes".)
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for dispensing apparatus adapted for use with battery structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, appropriate subclasses for bonding battery structure, especially subclass 58 for cross reference art collection on batteries. (See "Lines With And Search Notes To Process And Apparatus Classes" above.)
242, Winding, Tensioning or Guiding, 430 for a method or apparatus for making a composite article which may include a wound battery component. (Process And Apparatus Class)
249, Static Molds, appropriate subclasses for static molds for forming battery parts, especially subclass 60 for molding a grid. (Process And Apparatus Class)
252, Compositions, appropriate subclass for a general utility and subclass 62.2 for electrolyte compositions for electrical devices. (See above, "Lines With And Search Notes To Compound, Composition, And Material Classes, 2")
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, appropriate subclasses for shaping and treating plastic material, especially 614 for composite electrical article involving vitrifying or sintering of preform to make inorganic natural and subclasses 104+ for process of forming electrical articles by shaping electroconductive material. (Process And Apparatus Class)
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, cross reference art collection 903 for hand-held battery carriers. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes." above)
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, appropriate subclasses for electric connections with batteries. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass 55 for combination of load device (electric current generator) and electrical circuit structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes.")
320, Electricity: Battery and Condenser Charging and Discharging, subclass 3 for battery charging or discharging including the batteries. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
320, Electricity: Battery and Condenser Charging and Discharging, for electrical systems and the corresponding methods of battery charging and discharging; subclass 57 having the structural combination of a battery and an
electrical rectifier, regardless of whether the electrical interconnections between the battery and rectifier are claimed or not. (Process And Apparatus Class)
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 425 for battery testers. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, for process and apparatus for measuring or testing batteries including the battery a part of the claimed combination. (Process And Apparatus Class)
340, Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclass for systems of imparting communications (intelligence), a part of which has electrical components, (e.g., batteries), especially subclass 636 wherein the system is responsive to a battery condition. (Process And Apparatus Class)
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 500 for electrolytic devices not elsewhere classified and especially for capacitors and coulometers. See these subclasses for combinations and subcombinations of the same. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
362, Illumination, appropriate subclasses for the combination of illumination means and a battery. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, 73, 107+, and 203+ for battery-operated time devices. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
379, Telephonic Communications, appropriate subclasses for telephones combined with batteries. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices, appropriate subclasses for hearing aids and the like combined with a battery. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, appropriate subclasses for alloys of general utility and not having structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, for apparatus for that class adapted for use with battery structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclasses for inorganic compounds and nonmetallic elements having a Class 429 utility. (See "Lines With And Search Notes To Compound, Composition, And Material Classes" above.)
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses for stock materials of general utility and appropriate subclasses for electrodes without any structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
439, Electrical Connectors, appropriate subclasses for an electrical connector, per se; and subclass 726 and 754+ for a battery post clamp-type connector. Class 429 takes the combination of clamp with significant battery structure or the combination is constructed in such a manner that the connector is inseparable from battery. (Process And Apparatus Class)
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclass 18 for buoys combined with batteries. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 484, for electric toys having a self contained voltage source, and see the Search Notes thereunder. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses, particularly Class 523, subclass 134 for a composition specialized for use as a battery container or battery cover composition. (See above, "Lines With And Search Notes To Compound, Composition, And Material Classes, 2" above)
607, Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application, appropriate subclasses, especially 149 for battery elements which function by reason of being contacted by the body. Also, batteries especially constructed to be implanted in the body. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
623, Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor, appropriate subclasses for battery systems used with artificial body parts. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclasses for process of making inorganic chemical compounds useful in batteries. (Process And Apparatus Class)
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus, for molding apparatus useful in making batteries. (Process And Apparatus Class)

GLOSSARY:
ACTIVE MATERIAL
The element, chemical compound, or composition which
chemically reacts to produce a transfer of electrons through an external circuit.
BATTERYCELL
Two spaced electrodes provided with means to transfer an ionic current therebetween.
ELECTRODE
The electron current carrying material or structure at which the current producing chemical reaction takes place
ELECTROLYTE
A material capable of passing an ionic current.
FUEL CELL
A device used to produce an electrical current wherein one of the reactants is fed to the cell.
REACTANT
The material which includes an active material as one of its components.
SEPARATOR
A material used to space or maintain a pair of electrodes out of contact. This includes material which function only to stop dendritic growth (treeing) between the electrodes.A cell or group of cells.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having structural means to connect the terminals in a desired polarity relationship.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having bacteria or other living organism(s) as an integral part thereof and the related process.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus capable of producing periodic electrical output and the related process.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having periodic motion applied to the same by sonic or ultrasonic means and the related process.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having material which emits atomic radiation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, subclass 202 for a thermoelectric battery-nuclear energy type.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 301 for electrical generators involving a nuclear reaction.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means to equalize the pressure between the inside of a casing and the surrounding liquid environment when the apparatus is immersed.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having a nonelectrochemical current producing electrical component within a battery casing in combination with conventional components.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90 for battery having testing or indicating means.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having a function other than or in addition to that of producing electricity and the function is foreign to the electrical production.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus consisting of multiple different types of electrical cells or a support means having different types of cells at least one of which is removable from the support.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus which makes use of a magnet or a magnetic field in any of its forms and the related process.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein the electrical current is produced by maintaining a pair of electrodes at different temperatures and the related process.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
120 for a battery having heat exchange means.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for producing an electrical current having an active material supplied to a cell from an external source, e.g., fuel cell, metal/air cell, etc., subcombination of the apparatus and the process of operating the same are also included.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for tape or flexible batteries having means to sequentially or continuously move active electrode material into position to produce an electrical current.

This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Process of operating the apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
50 for process of operating a tape cell.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process having a step of circulating the electrolyte of feeding the same into or within the cell.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 for battery having means to provide relative motion between electrode and electrolyte.
72 for battery having feeding or circulating structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Process including the step of supplying active material which is dissolved in, introduced into, or carried by the electrolyte.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process having the step of maintaining the electrolyte in a fused or molten stall during cell operation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102 for active material in the molten state.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process including the step of generating the active material before use in the cell, regenerating the same from by-products of the cell or recycling unused active material through the cell.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for corresponding apparatus.
49 for battery having regeneration features.
51 for process of cell operation involving electrolyte circulation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Apparatus comprising a plurality of cells having a common electrolyte connection and means combined with the cell structure functioning to reduce or prevent ionic current from passing through the common electrolyte between the cells.

This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Apparatus having means to generate a material used in a cell, to generate a material in situ, or to regenerate a material from the cell by-products.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for corresponding process.

This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Apparatus having means providing a temperature differential.

This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Apparatus having means which allows electrical regeneration of the active material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Apparatus having automatic control means for regulating some operational feature of the cell.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for battery having control means responsive to a condition sensing means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Apparatus wherein the control is responsive to the electrical output of the cell, either current or voltage.

This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Apparatus wherein the control is responsive to temperature.

This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Apparatus wherein the control is responsive to pressure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Apparatus having means to provide a temperature differential.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18 for battery having heat exchange feature.

This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Apparatus having an electrode containing an active material or the subcombination of said electrode.

This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Apparatus wherein the cathode surrounds or envelopes the anode and subcombinations thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Apparatus wherein the electrolyte material is chemically specified.

This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Apparatus
having a solid material which functions as an electrolyte.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
304 for solid battery electrolytes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Apparatus wherein the electrolyte is tubular in form.

This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Apparatus wherein the electrolyte is constructed of plural disc or modules.

This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Apparatus wherein the electrolyte material is chemically specified.

This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Apparatus comprising separate elements having a utility in or are in combination with a fuel-type cell to provide housing, sealing, spacing of fluid distribution or fluid direction of the cell.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 27+, 41, and 46, for a matrix or support used to space electrodes and hold electrolyte therein.
27 and 40+, for matrix or support which is an integral part of the electrode.

This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Apparatus having a sealing feature specifically set forth as a part of the combination.

This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus wherein the sealing feature is composed of an integral bond between elements.

This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus wherein the sealing feature is of the mechanical pressure type produced by a clamping means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Apparatus wherein the housing member support or spacer is provided with means to allow the fluid reactants or electrolyte to enter or exit therefrom.

This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus wherein the support or spacer directs the fluid flow along the face of the electrode.

This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Apparatus having a catalytic electrode which is structurally or chemically specified.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, subclass 115 for method of producing fuel cell electrode by coating.

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Apparatus having an electrolyte matrix or barrier layer positioned between or in contact with a catalytic electrode.

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Apparatus wherein the electrode has an organic component.

This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Apparatus wherein the organic component is part of or is the catalysis of the electrode.

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Apparatus having distinct inorganic materials functioning as the matrix, substrate or support in the electrode.

This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus composed of sintered particles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter where the electrolyte composition is chemically defined.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein a portion of the earth constitutes a part of the battery.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
119 for sea water-type battery.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process and apparatus for maintaining a battery in storage.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus or process having means for or the step of restoring, or aid in restoring the battery to its former condition after decay, injury, or partial destruction.
(1) Note. Since the addition of electrolyte, per se, to and the charging of a battery are such a conventional way to regenerate the same, classification on these features are not included herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
50 for process of operating, battery including step of adding an electrolyte.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, subclass 92.1 for process of repairing or restoring article, for use.
320, Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or Discharging, appropriate subclass for electrically charging
or rejuvenating (e.g., depolarizing, etc.) a battery.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process involving the operation of a battery (to provide electricity) and includes starting the battery and adding or using a specified electrolyte.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Process including the step of circulating the electrolyte.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14 for process of circulating electrolyte in a fuel cell.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Process involving the step of starting up a dormant cell.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means to release an internal gas pressure to the exterior of a closed cell.

This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Apparatus wherein the release means is either an (a) elastic, (b) resilient, or (c) spring, biasing valve structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Apparatus having an elastic band or O-ring in the valve structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Apparatus wherein the release means functions upon reaching a predetermined pressure thereby preventing damage to the apparatus.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein the device is completely closed and has means within the same for preventing formation of or eliminating gas pressure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Apparatus wherein the prevention means functions to control an auxiliary device, e.g., a charge disconnect, etc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Apparatus wherein the gas control means is electrically connected to an electrode.

This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Apparatus wherein the electrodes have diverse total capacities or one
electrode has a charge or discharge reserve.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means sensitive to variations in a cell condition and a regulating means, functioning in response thereto to effect an operation or change.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for condition sensing means, per se, and see the "SEARCH NOTES" under Class 73 definition.
320, Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or Discharging, appropriate subclass for controlling charging or discharging of a battery or capacitor in response to a battery or capacitor condition.
340, Communications: Electrical, 635 for electrical apparatus condition responsive system, and subclass 636 for battery condition responsive apparatus.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Apparatus wherein the temperature is regulated.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
320, Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or Discharging, appropriate subclass for controlling charging or discharging of a battery or capacitor in response to a battery or capacitor condition, especially 150 for detection of a thermal condition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Apparatus wherein the feeding of the electrolyte is regulated.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for nonautomatic feeding of the electrolyte.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 386 for automatic liquid level control devices of general utility.

This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus having valve means as a part of the sensing or control means.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means to protect the terminal or a terminal projector, per se, other than that which forms a seal between the casing and the terminal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
439, Electrical Connectors, appropriate subclasses especially 190 for an electrical connector having a retainer or a passageway for fluent material; subclasses 519+ for an electrical connector with provision to restrict environmental effects; subclass 726 for an insulated clamp-type connector for a storage battery post; and subclasses 745+ for a metallic clamp-type connector for a storage battery terminal, generally.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means permitting enlargement of the electrode.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means which provide mechanical motion functioning to produce relative motion between the
electrode(s) and the electrolyte.
(1) Note. Means to activate the cell only is not considered proper for this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for fuel cell fluid circulation.
113 for a deferred action battery activated by movement of electrode or contained electrolyte.

This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Apparatus wherein the movable mechanical means provides motion to the electrode.

This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Apparatus wherein the electrode is caused to revolve.

This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Apparatus wherein the movable mechanical means causes motion of the electrolyte outside of the electrode compartment.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means to move a ventilating fluid to or from the battery.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
114, Ships, subclass 20.1 for torpedoes having batteries.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means for manipulating a fluid in a battery structure to (a) vent, (b) feed, or (c) circulate the same.
(1) Note. Since a filler opening of a battery is so conventional and will inherently function to allow feeding and venting, said filler opening is not considered proper for this and indented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
110 for deferred action-type battery wherein feeding and venting are common.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 260 for battery replenishment apparatus.
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means, subclass 18 for filling devices useful in filling batteries.

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Apparatus having one filling opening and structure functioning to equalize the liquid level in all sections of the battery.

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Apparatus having means to regulate the liquid level of the electrolyte when it is added to the battery.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 for a battery having measuring testing or indicating means for a liquid level including a visual reference point.

This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Apparatus wherein means are provided to control more than one liquid level.

This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Apparatus wherein the control means is a valve operable by reason of it being buoyant.

This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Apparatus wherein the control means functions by creating an airlock.

This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Apparatus wherein a liquid seal only causes the airlock.

This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Apparatus wherein a movable valve structure is provided in the filler opening.

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Apparatus having manual means to store the electrolyte and feed the same to the battery.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 160 for battery replenishment system.

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Apparatus having stationary structure functioning to aid fluid circulation in the battery structure, i.e., circulation between electrolyte and electrodes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 for movable means providing circulation in a battery structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Apparatus providing an opening for ingress or egress of a fluid.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53 for battery having means to release internal gas pressure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Apparatus having different opening for ingress and egress of a fluid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Apparatus wherein the vent contains structure functioning to prevent the spilling of the electrolyte when the apparatus is tilted, upended, or placed in a position other than that which is normal for operation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 43 for structure of this type of general utility.

This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Apparatus comprising a weight means functioning as a part of a valve means to render the apparatus operative.

This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Apparatus wherein the vent contains structure or materials which react with, absorb or diffuse the fluid passing therethrough.

This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Apparatus wherein the plural vents have a community feature.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 wherein means are provided to remove from or supply a fluid to plural vents.

This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Apparatus wherein the community feature is a manifold.

This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Apparatus having a stopper, cap or plug-type venting means other than those in subclasses 62, 83, 84, and 86.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means to measure, test or indicate a condition.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53 for pressure release control.
61 for control means responsive to a condition sensor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for process or apparatus for making a measurement or test.
116, Signals and Indicators, appropriate subclasses for signalling and indicating devices, per se.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for measuring and testing electrical properties.

This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Apparatus wherein the battery charge or liquid level is measured, tested, or indicated.

This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Apparatus wherein the battery has electrical circuitry other than that normally used in the same.

This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Apparatus wherein the electrical circuit is located outside of the battery.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a battery having coiled or plural concentric electrodes, or coiled or plural concentric electrodes, per se.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means other than the filler opening providing egress of the electrolyte.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising support means providing for removal of the cell(s), or a cell support, per se, for a removable cell(s).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 50 for battery supports combined with subject matter of that class.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 68.5 for battery support combined with subject matter of that class.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, cross reference art collection 903 for hand-held battery carriers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Apparatus having (a) a device to turn on/off the operation of the battery, or (b) a means to control the flow of current to/from the battery depending upon some other operation, e.g., the opening of a door, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, appropriate subclasses for electrical switches.
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclass 326 for systems designed to protect the individual; and subclass 150 for power-pack systems.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, appropriate subclasses for systems designed to protect the apparatus.

This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Apparatus having named support structure which has a function other than primarily supporting the cell(s).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8 for battery apparatus having a function other than that of primarily producing electricity.

This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Apparatus wherein the support holds plural removable cells which are a group of separate cells, or the cells are capable of being separated.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclass 150 for power-pack systems.

This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Apparatus comprising means, per se, for holding or supporting the cell(s).

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus or materials wherein the active material or
material for use as the active material in the apparatus is in a fluid state, or an apparatus which specifically defines a two-fluid electrolyte combination.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for fluid active material which is supplied from an external source, e.g., fuel cell.

This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter wherein the active material is in its molten state when it is being used to produce a current in an apparatus.

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter wherein the molten active material is in combination with a fused or molten electrolyte when the combination is in operable current-producing relationship.

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter wherein the molten active material is in combination with a solid state ionic transfer or exchange-type electrolyte.

This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter wherein the active material is in a dissolved state in a liquid solvent forming a solution.

This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter
wherein the active material is a solution of copper sulfate.

This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter wherein the active material is a solution of dissolved iron, or where an active material is iron in combination with an active material in solution.

This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter wherein the active material in solution is a dissolved nitrogen-containing compound, or is a solution of nitric acid.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
203 for nitrogen containing electrolyte which is not the active material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter wherein the active material in solution is a dissolved chromium-containing compound.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
203 for nitrogen containing electrolyte which is not the active material.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein the action of the battery is (a) started by bringing active components of the same into operative relationship, or (b) depended upon light or heat to cause a chemical reaction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Apparatus wherein the battery is activated or reactivated by light which causes a chemical reaction.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, 243 for photoelectric batteries whereby electricity is produced without the aid of a chemical reaction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Apparatus wherein the battery is activated or reactivated by heat which causes a chemical reaction.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, 200 for thermoelectric batteries.

This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Apparatus wherein the battery is activated by bringing together the contained electrolyte and electrodes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 for movable means providing relative motion between the electrode and electrolyte.

This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Apparatus wherein the activation of the battery is caused by (a) a turning (centrifugal, centripetal) force, or (b) a rapid abrupt acceleration of deceleration.

This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Apparatus wherein the activation is caused by an explosive charge attached to or within the battery.

This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Apparatus wherein the battery has a breakable means separating the electrolyte from other components.

This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Apparatus wherein the activation of the battery is caused by turning the same to a direction other than its normal position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Apparatus wherein the battery is activated by the addition of a liquid which may be the electrolyte, per se, or water or other solvent functioning to dissolve the electrolyte materials.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for apparatus for feeding fluid materials to the battery for purposes other than activating the same.

This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Apparatus wherein the battery is activated by submerging the same in a liquid.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means functioning to (a) heat/cool the same, or (b) allowing heating/cooling of the same, e.g., special construction, passageway, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for battery having heat exchange means for producing a temperature differential between electrodes.
26 for fuel cell with heat exchange feature.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus which are in combination with or are designed to be connected to an electric current carrying member located on an external portion of a cell or a plurality of cells for purposes other than protecting a battery terminal. Also cell connectors, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
439, Electrical Connectors, appropriate subclasses for connectors which attach to battery terminals.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising means for producing an electrical current, subcombination of the same and related compositions.

This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Apparatus wherein the cell has means (1) to join plural cells interchangeable with one and another, or (2) to join and support the same with some apparatus which uses current from said cell.

This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Apparatus wherein the cell is made in the manner as a printed circuit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Apparatus wherein the cell is either the standard or counter electromotive force type.

This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Apparatus having means forming a protective surface on the electrolyte.

This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Apparatus wherein the cell is in the form of a long thin strip or it is very pliable.

This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Apparatus having an electrode composed of plural tablets, pellets, or discs.

This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Apparatus comprising a structure positioned between or for use between
cell electrodes to physically or functionally separate the electrodes. Included in this subclass are separator, retainer, or spaced structures such as rods, buttons, frames, etc., which merely space the electrodes; separators which physically and functionally separate the electrodes and which enclose or envelop the electrodes or a portion thereof in any manner; structures having plural components; and sheet materials which have projection thereon.
(1) Note. To constitute structure for this and indented subclasses, there must be claimed (disclosure) subject matter involving: (a) More than a single porous sheet. (b) Plural layers. (c) Any of the structures specifically set out in the indented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
247 for separator, retainer, or spacer structures of porous flat sheet materials including impregnated or coated support materials which form a single flat sheet material having essentially uniform porosity. See the search notes thereunder.

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus directed to only a spacer such as a rod, button, strip, or frame which physically separates, or for separating and maintaining a pair of electrodes in a spaced relationship.

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus which encloses or is adapted for enclosing an electrode to physically separate an active material from an opposing electrode and to functionally retain or hold the active material in position to stop transfer of an active material to the opposing electrode.

This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus wherein the insulating material in bulk form surrounds the electrode.

This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus in combination with or for use in unit cell-type batteries either cylindrical or flat. Also porous cup-type separators which generally are of carbon and are used to separate two distinct fluids in the apparatus.

This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus having material in the form of a paste or gel and usually contains an electrolyte.

This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Apparatus having a layer of material or spacing means which either supports the paste material, retains an active material in position, or physically separates opposing electrodes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus having means to enclose or are for use with plate-type electrode and covers both sides of the plate electrode.

This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Apparatus wherein the envelope is a coated material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Apparatus wherein the envelope includes a supporting frame or cover combined with separator layers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Apparatus wherein the envelope is formed by sealing or bonding the edge portion.

This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus which are tubular in form and functions in an electrode tubular-type plate to hold the active material around a current collector spine or rod.

This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Apparatus wherein the tubular structure is composed of multiple laminae, at least two of which are from different materials.

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus having multiple distinct parts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Apparatus having ribs or projections attached to a sheet material layer.

This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Apparatus having multiple layers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Apparatus wherein the porosity characteristic of at least one layer has been specifically defined.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 566 for metallic stock material containing metal particles and having an interconnected void structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus having projections separating an electrode from the base sheet of the material and are other than ribs which have been attached to the base sheet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
143 for sheet material having attached ribs or projections.

This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Apparatus wherein the projections are portions of the base sheet which have been deformed from the general plane of the base sheet.

This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Apparatus wherein a plurality of battery housings are spaced from each other by some means which provides space for air to circulate
therebetween, whereby the drying action of the air prevents shorts from forming between external terminal of the cells.

This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Apparatus comprising more than one cell.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for plural diverse cells or plural diverse removable cells in a support.
99 for cell support for or with plural cells.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclass 150 for power packs.

This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Apparatus having switch means integral with the cell(s) structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
97 for removable cells having a support or support, per se, having switch means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, appropriate subclasses for electrical switches of the type used with the cells of this class.

This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Apparatus wherein the casing has means to interjoin one part thereof with another.

This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Apparatus comprising single cells joined in repeating touching laminae units.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
162 for single cells of this type.

This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Apparatus having a housing encasing the individual cells either as a single unit or multiunits forming in effect a single casing.

This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Apparatus wherein the housing is divided into parts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Apparatus wherein the housing parts are in the form of a (a) tray, (b) cup, or (c) dish shape, all of which are in a nested or telescopic relationship.

This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Apparatus wherein individual cells have all components self-contained, and could, if separated, function as a single cell.

This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Apparatus wherein the cells are arranged in such a manner that one end of a cell contacts the end of another cell, e.g., in a vertical plane, side-by-side, etc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Apparatus wherein the cells have means to electrically connect the same.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
160 for plural cells having electrical connecting means between the cells.
161 for a single cell unit made of plural plates (electrodes) having means to electrically connect the same.

This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Apparatus wherein the cells have a common external support means in the form of a casing, tray, or clamp.

This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Apparatus having electrical connecting means between the cells.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
158 for plural complete cells having intercell connector.
161 for a single cell unit made of plural plates (electrodes) having means to electrically connect the same.

This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Apparatus comprising plural electrode components electrically connected
to form a single cell unit.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
158 for plural complete cells having an intercell connector.
160 for plural cells having an intercell connector.

This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Apparatus wherein a single cell is formed of flat components which are usually used in a group. Also components specifically designed for use with the same.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152 for a group of flat cells formed as an integral unit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Apparatus comprising means functioning to confine cell structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Apparatus comprising a single cell generally round in shape.
(1) Note. The enclosure portion of the apparatus may be one of the cell electrodes or the active material of the cell.

This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus having a positive electrode located in the center thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus wherein the cell has a container-type electrode which is chemically reactive.

This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Apparatus having a chemically inactive container or cover outside of the reactive electrode.

This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Apparatus having a metallic or electrically conductive casing on the outside of the nonreactive housing, casing, jacket, etc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus having an electrical connection between the outer casing and the reactive electrode.

This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus having an electrical contact terminal plate or cap, clamped to or embedded in a portion of the housing.

This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Apparatus having means preventing either ingress or egress of a fluid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 171. Apparatus wherein the seal is of the mechanical clamping pressure type.

This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Apparatus having a sealing mass or compound which, at some stage of the battery manufacture, said mass or compound was in a fluent or bulk form.

This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus having means preventing either ingress or egress of a fluid, i.e., sealing material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Apparatus directed only to a means for closing an opening in the container or casing.

This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Apparatus directed only to the container portion of the battery case.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
206, Special Receptacle or Package, especially 524.1 for acid proof containers of generally utility or not having structure which makes them readily adapted for battery use.

This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Apparatus wherein the housing or casing has more than one cover.

This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Apparatus having an electrical terminal.

This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Apparatus wherein the terminal is located on or protruding through the housing.

This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Apparatus wherein the terminal has a sealing sleeve embedded in or molded in the cover.

This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Apparatus wherein the terminal has means preventing ingress or egress or a fluid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Apparatus having means functioning to prevent rotary movement between the cover and terminal.

This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Apparatus wherein the terminal has a threaded compression means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Apparatus wherein the seal includes a sealing mass or compound which, at some stage of battery manufacture, said mass or compound was in a fluid or bulk form.

This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Apparatus having means preventing either the egress or ingress of a fluid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Apparatus having means to support a cell assembly.

This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Apparatus having means facilitating the manipulation of the cell, i.e., a handle or lifting means, etc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Apparatus having materials which function as an electrolyte and are chemically specified. Included also are the materials, per
se.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29 33 and 46, for electrolyte materials having utility in fuel cells, and subclass 112 for fused salt or molten electrolyte materials.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 62.2 for electrolyte compositions for electrical devices other than batteries. An electrolyte disclosed or claimed generally, e.g., battery and/or condenser, will be classified in Class 252 and crossed to 429. A sole disclosure or claim to a battery electrolyte will be classified in Class 429.

This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter which is or has a substance that proceeds the formation of an electrolyte.

This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter having a halogen atom as a part of chemical makeup.

This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter containing hydrogen other than that present in the water which helps form the solution.

This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter wherein ammonia is combined with the halogen.

This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter having a chromium atom.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 for fluid active material containing chromium.

This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter having an acid containing a nitrogen or phosphorus atom.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 for active material containing the nitrogen atom.

This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter containing sulphuric acid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Subject matter containing a salt of sulphuric acid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter which is a chemical base.

This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter having either a salt or acid as a part thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Apparatus for suspending or otherwise supporting the electrode in a battery structure, e.g., casing, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses 297.01-297.16 for electrode supports and work holders.

This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Apparatus directed to electrode structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus comprising an integral unit electrode wherein cathodic and anodic active material is electrically connected and bonded or adhered to opposite sides of a carrier.

This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus having a tab or electrical current contacting means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus having active material containing an organic component.

This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Apparatus wherein the organic material is the active material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Apparatus wherein the organic material functions to retard deterioration by oxidation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Apparatus wherein the organic material is an expander or addition agent for perfecting the electrode capacity, performance, or plating characteristics.

This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Apparatus having a material which prevents any arborescent crystalline growth.

This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Apparatus wherein the organic material functions as a binding agent.

Chemically specified inorganic electrochemically active material containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Subject matter containing an electrochemically active material which is
inorganic and defined by its chemical component(s).

Hydrogen storage material is active material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 218.1. Subject matter wherein the electrochemically active inorganic material has the ability to absorb/desorb hydrogen.
(1) Note. Examples of materials provided for herein are mischmetal containing hydrogen-storage alloy and Ti-Ni hydride-forming material.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, cross-reference art collection 900 for hydrogen storage alloys, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 218.1. Apparatus having silver as a component thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 218.1. Apparatus having copper as a component thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 218.1. Apparatus having iron as a component thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 218.1. Apparatus having cadmium as a compound thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 218.1. Apparatus having nickel as a component thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 218.1. Apparatus having manganese as a component thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 218.1. Apparatus having lead as a component thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Apparatus having one or more other metals forming a mixture.

This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Apparatus in the form of either lead sulphate or lead carbonate.

This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Apparatus wherein the lead is combined with oxygen.

This subclass is indented under subclass 218.1. Apparatus having zinc as a component thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 229. Apparatus amalgamated with mercury or otherwise combined with mercury.

This subclass is indented under subclass 229. Apparatus wherein the lead is combined with oxygen.

Alkalated transition metal chalcogenide component is active material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 218.1. Subject matter wherein the electrochemically active inorganic material is an alkali metal intercalated into a transition metal oxide, sulfide, selenide, or telluride; an example is LiTiS 2.

Alkalated vanadium (V) chalcogenide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 231.1. Subject matter wherein the electrochemically active inorganic material is an alkali metal intercalated into a vanadium oxide, sulfide, selenide, or telluride; an example is LiV 3O 8.

Alkalated cobalt (Co) chalcogenide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 231.1. Subject matter wherein the electrochemically active inorganic
material is an alkali metal intercalated into a cobalt oxide, sulfide, selenide, or telluride; an example is LiCoO 2.

Alkalated carbon, graphite, or carbonaceous component is active material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 218.1. Subject matter wherein the electrochemically active inorganic material is an alkali metal intercalated into carbon allotrope (e.g., into carbon black, graphite, pitch, mesophase carbon, etc.).

Vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), or Tungsten (W) component is active material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 218.1. Subject matter wherein the electrochemically active inorganic material contains vanadium, chromium, niobium, molybdenum, titanium, or tungsten.

Alkaline earth metal or magnesium (Mg) component is active material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 218.1. Subject matter wherein the electrochemically active inorganic material contains an alkaline earth metal {i.e., calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), or radium (Ra)} or magnesium (Mg).

Halogenated carbon, graphite, or carbonaceous component is active material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 218.1. Subject matter wherein the electrochemically active inorganic material contains halogenated carbon, graphite, or carbonaceous material.

Carbon, graphite, or carbonaceous component is active material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 218.1. Subject matter wherein the electrochemically active inorganic material contains carbon, graphite, or carbonaceous material.

Alkali metal component is active material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 218.1. Subject matter wherein the electrochemically active inorganic material contains alkali metal {lithium (Li), potassium (K), sodium (Na), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), or francium (Fr)}.

The alkali metal is lithium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 231.9. Subject matter wherein the electrochemically active inorganic material contains lithium (e.g., Li-Al alloy, etc.).

This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus having material with an inorganic component which functions to bind other particles together or to impart an electrical conductivity to the material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus comprising electrically conductive means for supporting the active material (e.g., grids, holders, etc.) of the electrode.

This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus wherein the grid or holder for the active material includes a component which is not electrically conductive.

This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus wherein the grid or holder for the active material is a mass of particulate or fibrous particles which are formed or bonded into a porous structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus wherein the particulate or fibrous particles are coated throughout the porous mass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus wherein the mass of particulate or fibrous particles are in combination with a supporting or reinforcing structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus wherein the grid or holder consists of longitudinal tubes or cores of an electrical conductive material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus wherein the holder is an electrical conductive receptacle for the active material or wherein a mechanical means is defined to lock the active material within a grid or holder.

This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Apparatus where the grid or holder is provided with projections which are bent or may be bent for the expressed purpose of locking or holding the active material in position in the grid or holder.

This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus wherein the grid is in the form of a plate having an open mesh or perforated structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 596 for metallic stock material having an aperture or cut.

This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Apparatus where the open mesh or perforations of the grid have been formed by expanded metal technique.

This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Apparatus wherein the open mesh or perforation design defined by the elements in a face plane does not coincide with the design defined by the opposite face plane elements.

This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Apparatus wherein distinct elements or members not coextensive with either set of members in a face plane are intermediate of the
face members.

This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus wherein the chemical composition of the grid or holder is specifically defined.

This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Subject matter directed to electrode in combination with insulating spacer or retainer means, i.e., separators, membranes, etc. The insulating material functions to physically and electronically separate the electrodes, to hold the active material into its desired position and to permit an ionically conduction of current when used in a battery.

This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Apparatus comprising structure to be used as a separator, retainer, or spacer between the electrodes in a cell.
(1) Note. To constitute structure for this and indented subclasses there must be claimed (disclosure) subject matter involving: (a) a recitation of numerical dimension; (b) a coating on a substrate; and (c) structural connotations such as sheet, mat, fiber, filament, porosity, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for separator, retainer, or spacer which is (a) more than a single porous sheet, (b) plural layers, or (c) contains any of the structures specifically set out in the indented subclasses of subclass 129.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 500.21, (2) Note., for the lines between this class and other classes with respect to membranes defined by composition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Apparatus combined with an additive material or component which functions to specifically change the properties such as the charge capacity of the plates or the life of the cell, etc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Apparatus composed of or contains an organic component.

This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Apparatus in combination with a wetting agent or surfactant.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting, 198 for wetting agents (e.g., spreading, penetrating, leveling) or methods of making such agents, when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art.

This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Apparatus combined with inorganic material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Apparatus wherein the inorganic is or contains silicon.

This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Apparatus wherein the organic component is either a phenolic or thermosetting resin.

This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Apparatus wherein the organic component is rubber (natural or synthetic) or a thermoplastic.

This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Apparatus wherein the organic component is either a portion (in cross section) of a natural plant or a portion of a natural plant which has been nondestructively treated.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses for stock material made of natural plant material not otherwise provided for.

The electrolyte is gelled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter wherein the electrolyte is in the form of a semirigid, colloidal dispersion of a solid with a liquid material.

Carbohydrate or derivative containing (e.g., starch, cellulose, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter wherein a carbohydrate or derivative thereof (e.g., starch, cellulose, wood pulp, etc.) is present in the gelled electrolyte.

Silicon containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter wherein a silicon containing material (e.g., silica gel, etc.) is present in the gelled electrolyte.

Organic polymer containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter wherein an organic polymer is present in the gelled electrolyte.

The electrolyte is solid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter wherein the electrolyte is in solid form.

Temperature range of electrolyte operation or electrolyte processing is specified:
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Subject matter wherein the temperature range at which the electrolyte operates or the temperature range at which the electrolyte is processed is specified.

Organic component containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Subject matter wherein an organic component is present in the electrolyte.
(1) Note. Organic component is a compound which fulfills the requirement of the Class 260 class definition (i.e., the molecule is characterized by two carbons bonded together, one atom of carbon bonded to at least one atom of hydrogen or of halogen, or one atom of carbon bonded to at least one atom of nitrogen by a single or double bond). Certain compounds which meet these criteria (i.e., HCN, CN-CN, HNCO, HNCS,
cyanogenhalides, cyanamide, fulminic acid, and metal carbides) are regarded as exceptions to the criteria and are not considered organic compounds.

Chemically specified organic solute:
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein a chemically specified organic solute is present in the solid electrolyte.

Carbohydrate or derivative:
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein a carbohydrate or derivative thereof (e.g., starch, cellulose, wood pulp, etc.) is present in the solid electrolyte.

Two or more polymers (i.e., polymer mixture):
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein a physical mixture of at least two polymers is present in the solid electrolyte.

Hetero ring containing polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein a polymer which contains a hetero ring {i.e., a ring whose ring members consist of carbon and at least one hetero atom selected from chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium) or nitrogen} is present in the solid electrolyte.

Oxygen is a ring member of the hetero ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein the polymer contains a hetero ring having oxygen as a member of the ring (e.g., polyfuran, etc.).
(1) Note. Examples of such hetero ring-containing polymers are polypyridine and polythiophene.

The hetero ring is three membered:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter wherein the oxygen containing hetero ring is a three-membered hetero ring (e.g., polyethylene oxide, etc.).

Silicon containing polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein a polymer which contains silicon (e.g., polysiloxanes, etc.) is present in the solid electrolyte.

Sulfur, nitrogen, or phosphorus containing polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein a polymer which contains sulfur, nitrogen, or phosphorus (e.g., polyaniline, polysulfone, etc.) is present in the solid electrolyte.

Nitrogen and phosphorus in the polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Subject matter wherein the polymer contains both phosphorus and nitrogen.

Halogen containing polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein a polymer which contains halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine) is present in the solid electrolyte.
(1) Note. Examples of such halogen containing polymers are polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene fluoride.

Oxygen containing polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein a polymer which contains oxygen (e.g., polyethylene glycol, polymethacrylate, etc.) is present in the solid electrolyte.

Silver containing component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Subject matter wherein a silver containing component (e.g., AgBr, Ag 4RbI 5, etc.) is present in the solid electrolyte.

Aluminum containing component (e.g., LiAlCl 4, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Subject matter wherein an aluminum containing component (e.g., LiAlCl 4, etc.) is present in the solid electrolyte.

The component is alumina (i.e., aluminum oxide):
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter wherein the aluminum containing component is an aluminum oxide (Al 2O 3) (e.g., beta alumina, etc.).

Alkali metal containing component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Subject matter wherein an alkali metal (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) is present in the solid electrolyte.

The alkali metal is lithium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Subject matter wherein lithium is the alkali metal.

Lithium and halogen containing compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter wherein a compound that contains lithium and halogen is present in the solid electrolyte.

Chemically specified organic solvent containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter wherein a chemically specified organic solvent is present in the electrolyte.

And chemically specified inorganic solvent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter wherein a chemically specified inorganic solvent (e.g., water, sulfuric acid, etc.) is present in the electrolyte in addition to the chemically specified organic solvent.

Plural organic solvents (i.e., solvent mixture):
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter wherein two or more organic solvents are present in the electrolyte.
(1) Note. Examples of such solvent mixtures are (a) methyl ethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, and (b) mixtures of straight chain ethers.

One of the organic solvents contains a hetero ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Subject matter wherein one of the organic solvents contains a hetero ring {i.e., a ring whose ring members consist of carbon and at
least one hetero atom selected from chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium) or nitrogen}.
(1) Note. An example of a solvent provided for herein is thiophene.

Nitrogen is ring member of the hetero ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter wherein one of the organic solvents contains nitrogen as ring member of the hetero ring (e.g., pyrrole, pyrrolidine, quinoline, etc.).

Oxygen is ring member of the hetero ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter wherein one of the organic solvents contains oxygen as ring member of the hetero ring (e.g., gamma butyrolactone, etc.).

The hetero ring is a cyclic carbonate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter wherein the hetero ring having oxygen as a ring member is a cyclic carbonate.
(1) Note. A cyclic carbonate is a ring which has the grouping -O-C(=O)O- as part of the ring.
(2) Note. Examples of cyclic carbonates are butylene carbonate, a seven-membered ring, and propylene carbonate, a six-membered ring.

Plural cyclic carbonate solvents:
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Subject matter wherein more than one cyclic carbonate solvent is present in the electrolyte.

And acyclic carbonate or acyclic carboxylic acid ester solvent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Subject matter wherein (a) a cyclic carbonate solvent and (b) an acyclic carbonate solvent or an acyclic carboxylic acid ester solvent are present.
(1) Note. The term acyclic denotes an organic compound which contains no ring system.
(2) Note. Examples of acyclic carboxylic acid esters provided for herein are ethyl acetate and methyl acetate.
(3) Note. Examples of acylic carbonates provided for herein are dimethyl carbonate and ethyl propyl carbonate.

And acyclic ether solvent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Subject matter wherein a cyclic carbonate solvent and an acyclic ether solvent are present.
(1) Note. Examples of acyclic ethers provided for herein are dimethoxyethane and diethoxypropane.

And acyclic oxygen or nitrogen containing solvent compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter wherein an oxygen hetero ring containing solvent and an acyclic solvent compound that contains nitrogen or oxygen are present in the electrolyte.
(1) Note. Examples of an acyclic solvent compound containing nitrogen provided for herein are dimethylformamide, trimethylamine, and nitromethane.
(2) Note. Examples of an acyclic solvent compound containing oxygen provided for herein are methyl ethyl ketone and propylene glycol.

The acyclic oxygen containing solvent compound is an acyclic ether:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein an acyclic ether is present as the acyclic solvent compound containing oxygen.

Hetero ring in the organic solvent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter wherein the organic solvent is a compound containing a hetero ring {i.e., a ring whose ring members consist of carbon and at least one hetero atom selected from chalcogen (oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium) or nitrogen}.
(1) Note. Examples of hetero ring solvents provided for herein are sulfolane and dimethyl isoxazole.

Oxygen is the only ring hetero atom in the hetero ring (e.g., dioxolane, gamma butyrolactone, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter wherein the hetero ring contains oxygen as the only ring hetero atom (e.g., butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, etc.).

The hetero ring is a cyclic carbonate (e.g., ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Subject matter wherein the oxygen containing hetero ring is a cyclic carbonate in which the hetero ring contains as part of its structure a -O-C(=O)-O- group (e.g., propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
342 for a linear carbonate.

Nitrogen containing organic solvent compound (e.g., acetonitrile, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter wherein the organic solvent is a nitrogen containing compound
(e.g., acetonitrile, trimethylamine, dimethylformamide, etc.).

Sulfur containing organic solvent compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter wherein the organic solvent is a sulfur containing compound (e.g., dimethylsulfone, dimethylsulfoxide, etc.).

Oxygen containing organic solvent compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter wherein the organic solvent is an oxygen containing compound (e.g., linear ketone, ether, alcohol, etc.).

Acyclic carbonate solvent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Subject matter wherein the oxygen containing organic solvent compound is an acyclic carbonate (e.g., dimethyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
338 for a cyclic carbonate solvent.

Acyclic carboxylic acid ester solvent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Subject matter wherein the oxygen containing organic solvent compound is an acyclic carboxylic acid ester (e.g., ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, etc.).

Chemically specified inorganic solvent other than water:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter wherein a chemically specified inorganic solvent which is not
water (e.g., HF, aluminum chloride, etc.) is present in the electrolyte.

Sulfur or phosphorus in the inorganic solvent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Subject matter wherein the chemically specified inorganic solvent contains sulfur or phosphorus (e.g., thionyl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, etc.).

Sulfur dioxide containing inorganic solvent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Subject matter wherein the chemically specified inorganic solvent contains sulfur dioxide.

Organic solute component in aqueous electrolyte:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter comprising an organic solute component in an aqueous electrolyte (e.g., nicotinic acid amide, terephthalic acid, etc.).

The definitions for FOR 100-FOR 109 below correspond to the definitions of the abolished subclasses under Class 429 from which these collections were formed. See the Foreign Art Collection schedule for specific correspondences. { Note: The titles and definitions for indented art collections include all the details of the one(s) that are hierarchically superior.}

Foreign art collection in the form of a semirigid colloidal dispersion of a solid with a fluid or gelled materials.

Foreign art collection which are solid in form.

Foreign art collection containing an organic compound.

Foreign art collection having an oxide of a metal as a portion thereof.

Foreign art collection having a dissolvent other than water.

Foreign art collection containing water.

Foreign art collection wherein the dissolvents are an inorganic material.

Foreign art collection having more than one nonaqueous dissolvent.

Foreign art collection having organic material which mixes with or dissolves in a solvent.

Foreign art collection for apparatus having active material which is inorganic and defined by its chemical components.