U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
the subclass number
preceding each subclass definition or on the
" " icon, below.
( please note that patents for some subclasses may not be available )
For classification search strategies, please refer to the
Classification Index
Explanation of Data web page.
(definitions have been obtained from the
Patents ASSIST CD-ROM which
is produced by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Electronic Products Branch)
Class 370
MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATIONS
Class Definition:
A. This is the generic class for multiplexing or duplexing
systems, methods, or apparatus.
(1) Note. Multiplexing includes for example, time division
multiplexing (TDM) frequency division multiplexing (FDM),
orthogonal and quasiorthogonal multiplexing techniques,
phantom connections and plural channel adaptive systems.
(2) Note. Selective or telemetering systems which may be
analogous to multiplexing techniques are not classified here
but elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes, below.)
(3) Note. The distinction between multiplexing and
selective or telemetry is: in multiplexing, the information
is unrestricted as to content, e.g., a teletype-writer which
uses an alphabet to transmit unlimited information, whereas
in selective or telemetry devices, the information is
restricted as to content, e.g., a transducer measuring a
single parameter.
B. This class includes elements and circuits forming
subcombinations having a utility unique to multiplexing such
as rotary distributors used as multiplexers, synchronizers
used to control distribution of multiplexed channels, bridge
duplex circuits, resonant circuits having a special utility
in a frequency division multiplexing system.
(1) Note. Multiplex modulators, per se, are not classified
in this class. See classification elsewhere. (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A. Electrical circuits which may be used in multiplexing
systems but are not unique to multiplex communications are
classified in the appropriate class for such circuits. (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
B. Significantly claimed multiplex techniques in combination
with the subject matter of Class 178, Telegraphy, Class 375,
Pulse or Digital Communications, Class 379, Telephonic
Communications, or Class 455 Telecommunications are
classified in Class 370, Multiplex Communications.
C Significantly claimed apparatus external to this class,
claimed in combination with apparatus under the class
definition, which perform multiplexing operations, are
classified in the class appropriate to the external device.
(see paragraph B above). (See References to Other Classes,
below for examples.)
D Nominally claimed apparatus external to this class in
combination with apparatus under the class definition, is
classified in this class unless provided for in the
appropriate external class. For example, a nominally recited
coupled network which includes significant multiplexing
operations is classified herein.
E. Multiplexing systems and related devices found in other
classes, for which see below
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass for
significantly claimed apparatus external to this class (370)
which perform multiplexing operations.
246, Railway Switches and Signals, appropriate subclass for
multiplexed railway signalling information.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 562 for
multiplexed data-transmission links utilized in a servo
systems.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclass for significantly claimed apparatus external to this
class (370) which perform multiplexing operations.
327, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, 407
and 415+ for converging and diverging signal switched paths,
respectively.
329, Demodulators, 300 for frequency shift keying
demodulator; subclasses 304+ for phase shift keying
demodulator; subclasses 311+ for pulse demodulator;
subclasses 315+ for frequency modulation demodulator;
subclasses 345+ for phase modulation demodulator; and
subclasses 347+ for amplitude modulation demodulator.
332, Modulators, 100 for frequency shift keying modulator;
subclasses 103+ for phase shift keying modulator; subclasses
117+ for frequency modulator; and subclasses 149+ for
amplitude modulator.
332, Modulators, 106 for multiplex pulse modulation,
subclasses 119+ for multiplex frequency modulation,
subclasses 144+ for multiplex phase modulation, and
subclasses 151+ for multiplex amplitude modulation.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 1 for
plural transmission lines or networks; subclass 4 for
balanced transmission lines; subclass 117 for hybrid-type
networks; and subclasses 165 through 167 for wave filters.
340, Communications: Electrical, 853.1 for geophysical
systems which may include multiplexing means; subclasses 825+
for selective systems analogous to multiplexing systems;
subclasses 870.11+ for telemetering which may include
multiplexing means.
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 141 for
multiplex in analog to or from digital conversion.
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave System and Devices
(e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), subclasses 1-25 for radar
systems which may include multiplexing systems.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, appropriate
subclasses for display communications which may include
multiplexing means.
348, Television, appropriate subclasses for television signal
transmission which may use multiplexing techniques.
358, Facsimile, subclass 425 for multiplex facsimile
information.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
113 for duplex optical communication and subclasses 115+ for
multiplex optical communication.
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval, 18
for multiplex magnetic information.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, 189.01 and
230.01+, for a static memory system with the handling of
signal information or the addressing of memory locations
respectively analogous to multiplexing techniques
particularly subclasses 189.02 and 230.02 for such a system
having multiplexed signals in each of the respective
systems.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclass 102
for plural information signals multiplexed on an optical
storage track..
380, Cryptography, subclasses 255-276 for a communication
system using cryptography.
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,
1 for stereo, especially subclasses 2+ for broadcast and
multiplex stereo.
385, Optical Waveguides, 1, 4+, or 16+ for optical waveguides
with modulation or switching.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
Class appropriate subclasses for significantly claimed
apparatus external to this class (370) which perform
multiplexing operations.
709, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems:
Multiple Computer or Process Coordinating, subclasses 200-253
for general purpose programmable computers which may include
multiplexing techniques wherein data is transferred between
the computers and processing of the data by the computers
occurs before or after the data transfer operation.
710, Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing
Systems: Input/Output, 131 for data processing intrasystem
connection which may use a bus switch.
714, Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,
3 for replacement with spare devices, subclass 4 for
reconfiguring transmission facility, and subclasses 712+ for
transmission facility testing.
GLOSSARY:
MULTIPLEXING
The simultaneous transmission of two or more information
signals in either or both directions over a common (same)
transmission medium in such a manner that the information
signals may be discretely recovered.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
200
PHANTOM:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein an additional channel is derived from
two suitable arranged pairs of wires called side channels,
and each pair of wires is a channel itself and at the same
time acts as one conductor of the phantom channel.
(1) Note. The phantom channel is added by differentially
modulating the longitudinal, common mode signals of each wire
channel at one end of both wire channels and by detecting the
difference at the other end of said wire channels. Signals
from the phantom channel thus are canceled from the output of
the individual wire channels, but appear as the difference
between values of common mode currents carried by the wire
channels.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
178, Telegraphy, subclass 45 for a phantom connection on a
loaded circuit.
Subclass:
201
CROSSTALK SUPPRESSION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including special arrangements to eliminate
interference among multiplexed channels.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
278 and 282+, for a transmit/receive interaction control in
a duplex system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
178, Telegraphy, 69 for circuit maintenance.
379, Telephonic Communications, subclass 417 for telephone
cross talk suppression, in general.
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,
subclass 13, 47, 71.1+, 83, 93, and 94.1+ for noise and
feedback suppression in a one-way audio signal transmission
system.
455, Telecommunications, subclass 24, 63, 135, 222+, 278.1,
283+, 296+, and 501+ for noise suppression in a radio system
in general.
Subclass:
202
AMPLITUDE COMPRESSION OR EXPANSION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein magnitude or a signal is reduced prior
to transmission and a corresponding magnitude restoration is
performed at reception.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
477 for a multiplex system using bandwidth conservation
technique.
521 for a multiplex system with time compression or
expansion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 14 for a
companding device.
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, appropriate
subclasses for a code converter which may include bandwidth
reduction.
348, Television, subclasses 384.1-440.1 for video bandwidth
reduction.
358, Facsimile, 426 for bandwidth reduction relating to
video processing.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclasses
240.01-240.29 for digital television bandwidth compression
system.
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,
29 for audio bandwidth compression or expansion.
Subclass:
203
GENERALIZED ORTHOGONAL OR SPECIAL MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein (a) a multiplexed channel is uniquely
identified and separated from other multiplexed channels by
members of a pair of mathematical functions having a sum of
products or having an integral that is zero or sometimes one
under specified conditions, or (b) particular mathematical
processes are used to achieve multiplexing techniques.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include TDM or FDM
techniques.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating, 400 for orthogonal transformations.
Subclass:
204
Plural diverse modulation techniques:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Subject matter
wherein a wave carrier of information is being modified by
more than one modulation technique.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
478 for a system employing both time division and frequency
division multiplex.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
332, Modulators, subclass 108 for multiplex pulse
modulation, per se; subclasses 119+ for multiplex frequency
modulation, per se; subclasses 144+ for multiplex phase
modulation, per se; and subclasses 151+ for multiplex
amplitude modulation, per se.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, appropriate subclass
for nonmultiplexed pulse or digital modulation in combination
with analog modulation.
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems, and Devices,
2 for broadcast or multiplex stereo systems using plural
diverse types of modulation.
455, Telecommunications, subclass 102 for plural modulations
of nonmultiplexed analog signals.
Subclass:
205
Pulse width and pulse position modulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Subject matter
wherein information is contained in the time duration of a
pulse (pulse width) and in the time of occurrence (pulse
position) of one pulse after a reference pulse.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
332, Modulators, subclass 108 for multiplex pulse
modulation, per se.
Subclass:
206
Quadrature carriers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Subject matter
wherein two carrier frequencies are 90 degrees in phase
(i.e., quadrature or orthogonal in phase), e.g., sin2 wt and
cos2 wt.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclass 235 for
equalizing of digital quadrature channels.
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,
19 for quadrasonic stereo channels.
Subclass:
207
Having a signaling constellation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter
wherein supervisory information is transmitted or received in
a symbol pattern different from the symbol pattern carrying
the primary information, and wherein the symbol patterns are
generated using quadrature modulation technique (e.g., QAM,
QPSK, etc.).
Subclass:
208
Particular set of orthogonal functions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Subject matter
wherein a special set of orthogonal functions are used to
achieve multiplexed transmission (e.g., Legendre polynomials,
Bessel functions).
Subclass:
209
Walsh functions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter
wherein the set of orthogonal functions consist of Walsh
functions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating, subclass 410 for a Walsh transformation using
an electric digital calculating computer in a nonmultiplex
communication.
Subclass:
210
Fourier transform:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Subject matter
utilizing a special mathematical relationship that provides a
connection between information in the frequency domain and
the time domain.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating, 403 for a Fourier transform using an electric
digital calculating computer in a nonmultiplex
communication.
Subclass:
211
Level multiplex:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Subject matter
wherein two or more information signals, each of the signals
having a unique amplitude or level, are combined to form a
combined signal wherein the individual information signals
are separable by amplitude or level.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, 286 for a pulse
waveform with two or more discrete amplitude levels.
Subclass:
212
PULSE WIDTH (PULSE DURATION) MODULATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein information is contained in the time
duration of a pulse.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 for pulse position modulation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
332, Modulators, 109 for a multiplex pulse width modulator,
per se.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclass 238 for
nonmultiplex pulse width modulation.
Subclass:
213
PULSE POSITION MODULATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein information is contained in the time
of occurrence of a pulse after a reference pulse.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
212 for pulse width modulation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
332, Modulators, 112 for a multiplex pulse position
modulator, per se.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclass 239 for
nonmultiplex pulse position modulation.
Subclass:
214
SIMULTANEOUS TELEGRAPHY AND TELEPHONY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including concurrent transmission of
bidirectional pulse information signal and audio signal over
a single transmission channel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
379, Telephonic Communications, 108.01 for alternative
transmission of a telegraph or telephone signal over a single
channel.
Subclass:
215
PHASE MODULATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein information is contained in a shift in
phase of a carrier frequency with respect to a reference
phase.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
332, Modulators, 144 for a multiplex phase modulator, per
se.
455, Telecommunications, 110 for angle modulation of
transmitting signals; and subclasses 205+ for phase
modulation of receiving signals.
Subclass:
216
FAULT RECOVERY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein a corrective action is taken to return
a faulty device or system to a satisfactory operating
condition.
(1) Note. Data flow congestion is not considered to be a
fault.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
229 for data flow congestion prevention or congestion
control in a multiplex system.
241 for the diagnostic testing of a normal or abnormal
operation of a multiplex communication element or system
without any necessary corrective action.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
714, Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,
2 for fault recovery of generic information processing
system which is not limited to multiplex communication.
Subclass:
217
Bypass an inoperative switch or inoperative element of a
switching system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter
including a switching system or network which has a provision
for alternate routing when the system is fault.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
244 for fault detection of a switching system.
250 for testing of a standard operation of a switching
system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 825.16 for
selective communication monitoring in a faulty condition.
Subclass:
218
Packet switching system or element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Subject matter
wherein information routed in the switching system is
organized by one or more bytes preceded by an address
header.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
389 for packet switching, per se.
Subclass:
219
Standby switch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Subject matter
wherein the provision for alternate routing of packet
switched traffics is a spare or backup switch.
Subclass:
220
Standby switch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Subject matter
wherein the provision for alternated routing in the switching
system is a spare or backup switch.
Subclass:
221
Bypass an inoperative station:
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter
wherein a faulty node or terminal is excluded from service.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
714, Error Detection/Correction And Fault Detection/Recovery,
appropriate subclasses for fault detection and recovery of a
digital data system which is generic and not limited to
multiplex communications, particularly 3 for reconfiguration
of a system to provide correction in response to a fault.
Subclass:
222
In a ring or loop network:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter
wherein the inoperative station is an element in a closed
path transmission system.
Subclass:
223
Using a secondary ring or loop:
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter
wherein the inoperative station is bypassed by using an
auxiliary closed transmission loop.
Subclass:
224
Loopback of signals on the secondary ring or loop:
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter
wherein information on the secondary loop is transmitted in
reverse direction with the normal transmission loop.
Subclass:
225
Bypass an inoperative channel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter
wherein another path or channel is selected and substituted
for a path or channel that is malfunctioning.
Subclass:
226
In a repeater system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Subject matter
wherein the communication system has at least one
retransmission station wherein an alternate communication
channel is provided to convey information when a primary
channel or link is failed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
242 for fault detection of a repeater system.
246 for testing of a standard operation of a repeater.
274 for a quadruplex repeater.
279 and 293, for a duplex repeater.
315 for a repeater in communication over free space.
492 for repeating information via a frequency channel.
501 for repeating information via a time channel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
379, Telephonic Communications, subclass 4 for nonmultiplex
telephone alternate routing around a faulty repeater.
Subclass:
227
Using a spare channel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein the multiplex repeater system has a primary and a
backup or protection line, and the backup line is activated
to route information data when the primary channel is
malfunctioning.
Subclass:
228
Spare channel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Subject matter
wherein the multiplex system has a primary and a backup line,
and the backup is activated to routed information data when
the primary channel is malfunctioning.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 825.01 for
selective communications with a spare channel.
714, Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,
subclass 4 for replacement with spare transmission facility
or channel which is not a multiplex communication system.
Subclass:
229
DATA FLOW CONGESTION PREVENTION OR CONTROL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including provisions for (a) avoiding or (b)
regulating an actual or potential traffic overload
condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241 for the diagnostic testing of a multiplex communication
element or system without any necessary action for regulating
the traffic overload condition.
Subclass:
230
Control of data admission to the network:
This subclass is indented under subclass 229. Subject matter
having means for regulating the amount of data entering a
multiplex network so as to prevent an overloading or a
further overloading of the network.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
235 for regulating the flow of data between switches or
nodes in a network.
Subclass:
231
End-to-end flow control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Subject matter
wherein a signaling between an originating terminal point and
a destination terminal point regulates the amount of
information transmitted into the network.
Subclass:
232
Based on data flow rate measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Subject matter
wherein the control of data flow overload is based on a
measurement of the amount of information transmitted per unit
time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
252 for determination of communication parameters which may
includes a measurement of data flow rate.
Subclass:
233
Measurement of the peak data flow rate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Subject matter
wherein the control of data flow overload is based on a
measurement of a maximum value of data flow rate.
Subclass:
234
Measurement of the average data flow rate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Subject matter
wherein the control of data flow overload is based on a
measurement of a medial value of the data flow rate.
Subclass:
235
Flow control of data transmission through a network:
This subclass is indented under subclass 229. Subject matter
having means to regulate the amount of information
transmitted through the network once the data is in the
network.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
230 for regulation the flow of data at a network entry
point.
Subclass:
236
Including signaling between network elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Subject matter
wherein supervisory or control information is transmitted
between switches or nodes to control data flow between
switches or nodes.
Subclass:
237
Congestion based rerouting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Subject matter
wherein data is communicated on an alternate channel when a
preferred or desired channel is unavailable due to excessive
amounts of information already being carried on the preferred
or desired channel.
Subclass:
238
Least cost or minimum delay routing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Subject matter
wherein data is communicated on a channel or channels based
upon the determination that the selected channel or channels
will have the lowest (a) toll, expense, or (b) delay.
Subclass:
239
Using antijabber circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 229. Subject matter
having circuitry for disabling a device which is transmitting
more information than allocated or transmitting for a greater
period of time than allocated.
Subclass:
240
In a star coupler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter
wherein the antijabber circuit is in a coupling means that
distributes signals from one or more inputs among a larger
number of outputs.
Subclass:
241
DIAGNOSTIC TESTING (OTHER THAN SYNCHRONIZATION):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein at least part of a multiplex system is
to be evaluated for its performance.
(1) Note. This subclass may include a sole monitoring
operation, i.e., a terminal which displays or indicates the
operating state of the multiplex communication system or
element.
(2) Note. Testing for the purpose of synchronization in
the multiplex communication via time channels is not
classified in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
216 for fault recovery in a multiplex system.
229 for preventing or controlling an overload condition in a
multiplex system.
503 for monitoring of synchronization which may include
testing for the purpose of synchronization.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 500 for a generic
conditional responsive alarm system.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclass 224 for
testing of a digital communication system.
379, Telephonic Communications, 1, for testing of a telephone
system.
714, Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,
25 for diagnostic testing of a generic information
processing system organization which is not limited to
multiplex communication, and subclasses 712+ for generic
transmission facility testing.
Subclass:
242
Fault detection:
Subject matter under subclasses 241 wherein the multiplex
communication system is tested for any nonstandard operating
condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
216 for multiplex communication systems which take
corrective actions in response to the detection of a fault.
Subclass:
243
Of a repeater system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Subject matter
wherein a retransmission station in the multiplex system is
tested for any nonstandard operating condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
226 for fault recovery by alternate routing in a repeater
system.
246 for testing of a standard operation of a repeater.
274 for a quadruplex repeater.
293 for a duplex repeater.
315 for a repeater in communications over free space.
492 for a repeater communicating information by combining or
distributing via frequency channels.
501 for a repeater communicating information by combining or
distributing via time channels.
Subclass:
244
Of a switching system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Subject matter
wherein a multiplex switching system is tested for any
nonstandard operating condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
217 for fault recovery by bypassing a faulty switch.
250 for testing of a standard operation of a switching
system.
Subclass:
245
Of a local area network:
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Subject matter
wherein a communication network over a limited geos:graphical
area is tested for any nonstandard operating condition.
Subclass:
246
Of a repeater:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter
including the testing of a standard operation of a multiplex
signal retransmission station.
(1) Note. The repeater is often a duplex or a bidirectional
repeater.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
226 for fault recovery by alternate routing in a repeater
system.
243 for fault detection of a repeater system.
274 for a quadruplex repeater.
293 for a duplex repeater.
315 for a repeater in communications over free space.
492 for a repeater communicating information by combining or
distributing via frequency channels.
501 for a repeater communicating information by combining or
distributing via time channels.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclass 213 for
testing of a digital repeater.
379, Telephonic Communications, subclass 4 for testing of a
bidirectional telephone repeater.
714, Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,
subclass 713 for generic testing of a communication channel
including a repeater.
Subclass:
247
Having a dedicated test line or channel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter
wherein a specified transmission link or channel is committed
for the testing of a repeater system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
251 for testing of a switching system with dedicated test
line or channel.
438 for channel assignment using a separate control line or
bus for access control.
524 for communication via time channels using a dedicated
signaling channel.
Subclass:
248
Path check:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter
wherein a link through a multiplex system or a connection
established through a multiplex switching network is
monitored for circuit continuity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
351 for locating a path through a multiplex switching
system.
Subclass:
249
Loopback:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter
wherein an equipment is tested by connecting a received path
to a transmitted path and monitoring the output as an
indication of the condition of the equipment.
(1) Note. Included are arrangements providing loopback
within a single terminal.
Subclass:
250
Of a switching system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter
including an evaluation of a multiplex switching system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
217 for bypassing a faulty switch.
244 for fault detection of a switching system.
360 for controlling the switching of signals through a
circuit switch.
Subclass:
251
Having dedicated test line or channel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Subject matter
wherein a specified transmission link or channel is committed
for the testing of a switching system.
Subclass:
252
Determination of communication parameters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Subject matter
wherein a particular communication parameter is measured
(e.g., traffic noise ratio, freeze out ratio, etc.).
Subclass:
253
Measurement of flow rate of messages having an address
header:
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter
wherein the communication parameter is the amount of
information transmitted per unit time over a network, and
wherein information signal is represented by one or a group
of bytes preceded by identification information indicative of
a source or destination station.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
232 for measurement of data flow rate to control the
admission of data to the multiplex network.
Subclass:
254
NETWORK CONFIGURATION DETERMINATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including apparatus or techniques for
determining what or how network elements are interconnected.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
351 for pathfinding or routing.
Subclass:
255
Using a particular learning algorithm or technique:
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Subject matter
wherein the network uses a set of rules for solving a problem
(configuration determination) in a well defined number of
steps and also has an ability to create or adjust its own set
of such rules.
Subclass:
256
Spanning tree:
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Subject matter
wherein one node from a plurality of nodes in the network is
selected as a root or base node with branches interconnecting
other nodes to the root node, and wherein the network
configuration is determined by the relationship between the
branch nodes and the root node.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
408 for packet routing in a switching network having nodes
interconnected in a hierarchy to form a tree.
Subclass:
257
In a bus system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Subject matter
involving the configuration determination in a network having
a common transmission line (bus) forming a communication path
between a plurality of the user's terminals with the
network.
(1) Note. Terminal address determination is properly
classified in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
457 for initialization of a token passing communication
system (i.e., IEEE 802.4).
Subclass:
258
In a ring system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 257. Subject matter
including the configuration determination in a bus network
having a closed transmission path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
453 for initialization of a token passing loop or ring
communication system (i.e., IEEE 802.5).
Subclass:
259
SPECIAL SERVICES:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including provisions for subscriber services
normally provided with additional fees in a multiplex
communication network.
(1) Note. Examples of the special services are
conferencing, repertory dialing, call forwarding or transfer,
paging, and call waiting, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, 14 for interactive videophone which may
include multiplex communication.
379, Telephonic Communications, 201 for special services in
a telephone system which are not limited to a multiplex
communication system
Subclass:
260
Conferencing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter
which enables three or more terminals to be included in a
single call connection.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclass 15 for video conferencing.
379, Telephonic Communications, 202 for telephonic
conferencing.
Subclass:
261
Technique for setting up a conference call:
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Subject matter
including details of a process or procedure for connecting
conferees.
(1) Note. This subclass includes supervision or control in
connecting a call.
Subclass:
262
Operator setup of the conference:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter
wherein an operator assists in connecting conferees.
Subclass:
263
Conferee signals combined or distributed via time channels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Subject matter
wherein conferee signals are assembled or separated via
different time periods.
Subclass:
264
Using plural diverse channel communications with a dedicated
signaling channel (i.e., ISDN):
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Subject matter
including a digital communication network which
simultaneously provides diverse data services including
voice, data, or video, the network typically provides the
user or subscriber access to information bearing channels and
an indicating channel (i.e., 2 B-Channels + 1 D-Channel).
(1) Note. ISDN is an abbreviation of Integrated System
Digital Network.
Subclass:
265
Particular technique for combining diverse information
types:
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Subject matter
including specific details of techniques for combining voice
with nonvoice data signals for transmission in the conference
communication.
(1) Note. The nonvoice data signals may be related or
unrelated to the voice signal
(2) Note. This subclass may include nominal video signal
and significant multiplexing technique.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclass 15 for television conferencing
wherein the image signal transmitted is representative of a
live scene.
Subclass:
266
Using summation of conferee signals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Subject matter
including a technique for adding conferee signals.
Subclass:
267
Digital summation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Subject matter
including a technique for adding discrete type conferee
signals.
Subclass:
268
Including cancellation of certain signals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter
wherein the digital summation is combined with a subtraction
of certain signals (e.g., canceling one of the conferee
signals).
Subclass:
269
Including cancellation of certain signals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Subject matter
wherein the summation is combined with a subtraction of
certain signals.
Subclass:
270
Distribution of signals to multiple agent stations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter
having a central controller which receives incoming signals
and distributes signals to operators at more than one station
in the system.
Subclass:
271
Special feature of multiplex telephone terminal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter
including structural details of a telephone used to provide
special services to a subscriber in the multiplex
communications.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
379, Telephonic Communications, 157 and 201+ which may have
special service telephone terminals without dealing with
multiplex communications.
Subclass:
272
SEXTUPLEX:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for the simultaneous transmission of six
messages, three in each direction over the same transmission
medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
273 for a quaduplex system.
276 for a duplex system.
297 for a diplex system.
Subclass:
273
QUADRUPLEX:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for the simultaneous transmission of four
messages, two in each direction over the same transmission
medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
272 for a sextuplex system.
276 for a duplex system.
297 for a diplex system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
178, Telegraphy, subclass 66.1 for simplex transmission with
pulsating currents.
Subclass:
274
Repeater:
This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Subject matter
in which a retransmission station is adapted to quadruplex
work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
279 and 293, for a radio and a wire duplex repeater,
respectively.
315 for a repeater used in communication over free space.
492 for a repeater used in multiplex communications over
frequency channels.
501 for a repeater used in multiplex communications over
time channels.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
178, Telegraphy, 70 for a repeating system other than
quadruplex repeater.
330, Amplifiers, appropriate subclasses, particularly
subclass 61 for amplifier (one-way repeater).
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, 211 for a pulse or
digital repeater communication system.
379, Telephonic Communications, 338 for a two way repeater,
specific to telephony and acting usually through varying
current and contact pressure rather than by current
interruptions.
455, Telecommunications, 7 for analog repeater communication
systems.
Subclass:
275
Duplex diplex:
This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Subject matter
wherein quadruplexing is achieved by diplexing two duplex
systems or by duplexing two diplex systems.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
276 for a duplex system.
297 for a diplex system.
Subclass:
276
DUPLEX:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for effectively transmitting messages
simultaneously, one in each direction, over the same
transmission medium.
(1) Note. Circuits convertible to full duplex operation are
also classified here.
(2) Note. Full duplex describes two data paths which allow
simultaneous data transmission in both directions. Half
duplex describes one data path which allows data transmission
in either of two directions, but only one direction at a
time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
272 for a sextuplex system.
273 for a quadruplex system.
275 for a duplex diplex system.
296 for a circuit convertible to half duplex.
297 for a diplex system.
Subclass:
277
Communication over free space:
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter
wherein multiplex communication signals are transmitted over
a medium which is not a wire or a waveguide.
(1) Note. A waveguide may be used in this communication
system for other purpose (e.g., for coupling).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
113 for duplex and subclasses 115+ for multiplex optical
communication which includes an optical waveguide.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, appropriate subclasses
for digital communications not limited to multiplex
communications.
455, Telecommunications, appropriate subclasses for
nonmultiplex radio communications.
Subclass:
278
Transmit/receive interaction control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Subject matter
having means at a station to reduce, neutralize, or prevent
transfer of an unwanted communication energy between a
transmitter and a receiver so that the transmitted
communication energy (e.g., carrier or message signal) does
not adversely affect the receiver, or so that the received
communication energy does not adversely affect the
transmitter.
(1) Note. Means may be provided to feed a portion of the
transmission energy to the receiver, or a portion of the
received energy to the transmitter for monitoring or
cancellation.
Subclass:
279
Duplex repeaters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Subject matter
including circuitry for compensating attenuation losses of
duplex signals or for increasing the communication range for
extension terminal equipment at either end of a duplex
transmission line.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
178, Telegraphy, 70 for a teles:graphic nonmultiplex
repeater.
455, Telecommunications, 7 for a nonmultiplex
telecommunication repeater system.
Subclass:
280
Time division:
This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Subject matter
wherein duplex transmission and reception signals access a
transmission medium in separate time intervals at such a rate
as to give the appearance of a simultaneous transmission and
reception.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
345 for a wireless multiplex communications via time
channels not limited to a duplex system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
455, Telecommunications, subclass 73 for a push-to-talk
transceiver.
Subclass:
281
Frequency division:
This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Subject matter
wherein simultaneous transmission and reception between
communicating stations occur in separate portions of the
frequency spectrum of the transmission medium.
(1) Note. Classification here requires more than merely two
stations in communication on different frequencies. Full
duplex operation (i.e., simultaneous transmission and
reception by each station) is required.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
343 for wireless multiplex communications via frequency
channels not limited to a duplex system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
455, Telecommunications, subclass 23 for a nonmultiplex
frequency carrier wave repeater system.
Subclass:
282
Transmit/receive interaction control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter
having means at a station to reduce, neutralize, or prevent
transfer of an unwanted communication energy between a
transmitter and a receiver so that the transmitted
communication energy (e.g., carrier or message signal) does
not adversely affect the receiver, or so that the received
communication energy does not adversely affect the
transmitter.
(1) Note. Means may be provided to feed a portion of the
transmission energy to the receiver, or a portion of the
received energy to the transmitter for monitoring or
cancellation.
Subclass:
283
Artificial line:
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Subject matter
in which an electrical equivalent of a transmission line is
used to balance out an effect of local transmission current
on a local receiving device so the local receiving device
responds only to signals from the remote transmitter.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, 4 for plural
channel systems with balance circuits and subclass 23 for an
artificial line in a wave transmission lines or network.
Subclass:
284
Differential:
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Subject matter
wherein a signal is subtracted from a composite to achieve
separation of transmitted and received signals.
Subclass:
285
Bridge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Subject matter
wherein the duplex system comprises a circuit type
wheatstone-bridge in which substantial neutrality of a
receiving apparatus to transmitted currents is obtained by
impedance balance.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 117 for
a hybrid circuit, per se.
379, Telephonic Communications, subclass 345 for a hybrid
circuit used with a telephone repeater and subclasses 402+
for hybrid circuit used in telephone line interfacing.
Subclass:
286
Echo suppression or cancellation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Subject matter
having means to reduce undesirable effects caused by
reflected communication signals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
379, Telephonic Communications, 406 for this subject matter
in a nonmultiplexed telephone circuit.
Subclass:
287
Disabling or inhibiting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Subject matter
wherein the echo cancellation or suppression is performed by
blocking a certain signal.
Subclass:
288
Using an attenuator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Subject matter
wherein a device is used to reduce the magnitude of the
reflected communication signal.
Subclass:
289
Having residual echo cancellation or suppression:
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Subject matter
wherein an apparatus is provided to cancel or suppress the
echo remaining after the main echo has been suppressed.
Subclass:
290
Using a particular adaptive filter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Subject matter
having a filtering apparatus which adapts itself to the
varying echo signal to suppress or cancel the echo in the
main or primary signal.
Subclass:
291
Using a transversal filter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Subject matter
wherein the filtering apparatus is consists of one or more
tapped delay lines with a summing or weighing circuit.
Subclass:
292
Using a training sequence:
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Subject matter
wherein a particular information signal is communicated to
teach an echo canceler or suppressor how to cancel or
suppress an echo.
Subclass:
293
Duplex repeaters or extenders:
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter
including circuitry for compensating for attenuation losses
of duplex signals or for increasing the communication range
for extension terminal equipment at either end of a duplex
transmission line.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
178, Telegraphy, 70 for a teles:graphic nonmultiplex
repeater.
330, Amplifiers, for an amplifier which may be used as a
repeater.
379, Telephonic Communications, 338 for a telephonic
nonmultiplex repeater.
455, Telecommunications, 7 for a nonmultiplex
telecommunication repeater system.
Subclass:
294
Time division:
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter
wherein duplex transmission and reception signals access a
transmission medium in separate time intervals at such a rate
as to give the appearance of a simultaneous transmission and
reception.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
498 for combining or distributing information via time
channels not limited to a duplex system.
Subclass:
295
Frequency division:
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter
wherein simultaneous transmission and reception between
communicating stations occur in separate portions of the
frequency spectrum of the transmission medium.
(1) Note. Classification here requires more than merely two
stations in communication on different frequencies. "Full
duplex operation" (i.e., simultaneous transmission and
reception by each station) is required.
(2) Note. FDM duplex systems (i.e., FDM signals
simultaneously transmitted and received) are classified
here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
480 for combining or distributing information via frequency
channels not limited to a duplex system.
Subclass:
296
Convertible to half duplex:
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter
wherein the transmission and reception of signals occur
alternately rather than substantially simultaneously, but
where the circuitry is convertible to full duplex operation.
Subclass:
297
DIPLEX:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for the simultaneous transmission of two
messages in the same direction over the same transmission
medium.
(1) Note. This subclass is the home for diplex telegraphy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
275 for combination of duplex and diplex means in a
quadruplex system.
276 for a duplex system.
Subclass:
298
LOW SPEED ASYNCHRONOUS DATA SYSTEM (E.G., TELETYPEWRITER
SERVICE):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein the multiplex feature is unique to a
system in which data flow is normally slow and data is not
recurring at exactly the same periods.
(1) Note. Examples of such systems are teletypewriter and
telegraphy.
(2) Note. A signal transmission speed lower than 300
symbols per second may be considered a low speed transmission
in the scope of this class.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
178, Telegraphy, appropriate subclass for nonmultiplex
asynchronous data systems including a teletypewriter.
Subclass:
299
Data switching exchange:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject matter
including switching of input lines to selected output lines.
Subclass:
300
Data assembly or formatting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject matter
in which data bytes are grouped or regrouped in particular
orders, (e.g., formatting by removal of start or stop bits).
Subclass:
301
Transmitting time of transition and logic state:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject matter
in which a representation of the time elapsed between a
previous scan and a data transition from one logic state to
another is transmitted along with information about the logic
value of the data either before or after the transition.
Subclass:
302
Channels separated in frequency:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject matter
wherein channels of a low speed asynchronous data system are
tuned to respective separate frequencies.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
295 for a frequency division duplex system.
343 for combining or distributing information via frequency
channels in communication over free space.
480 for combining or distributing information via frequency
channels not limited to carrying low speed asynchronous
data.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
334, Tuners, appropriate subclasses for a tuner, per se, that
is adjustable to a particular frequency by adjusting the
inductance or capacitance of the tuned circuit.
455, Telecommunications, 150.1 for radio receiver signal
selection based on frequency.
Subclass:
303
Rotary distributor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject matter
having a signal supply means which rotates for successively
connecting lines, stations, instruments (e.g., a sunflower),
or having switches which are selectively controlled by a code
selection mechanism (e.g., keyboard).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
178, Telegraphy, appropriate subclasses for rotary
distributor.
Subclass:
304
Synchronizer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Subject matter
having rotary distributors with means for controlling the
relationship in phase, frequency, or speed between them.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
503 for a generic multiplex synchronizing device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 395 for a system
for synchronizing the rotary motion of a plurality of shafts
where adjustable gearing is utilized to control the rotation
of at least one of the shafts.
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 82, 83, and 87 for an electrical system having a
plurality of supply circuits or sources of supply with means
for controlling the connection or disconnection of the supply
circuits or sources by means responsive to the frequency
and/or phase relationship between the circuits or sources
(the control may involve the control of the speed or angular
relation of a generator or converter with respect to another;
see subclass 82 where plural rotary converters are involved
and subclass 84 where plural generators are involved); and
subclass 123 for miscellaneous electrical switching systems
where the switching operation is controlled by the
differential speed between two bodies.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 41 for plural
electric motor systems having electrical synchronizing
interconnection for maintaining synchronization between the
motors; subclasses 68+ for plural electric motor systems with
means for controlling the running speed of one motor relative
to the speed of another motor including such systems for
maintaining the motors in synchronism; and subclass 85 for
the miscellaneous plural electric motor systems with
synchronizing or phasing control for the motors.
340, Communications: Electrical, 870.11 for a telemetering
system having a rotary distributor; subclass 681 for electric
alarm which indicate the synchronism or lack of synchronism
of a plurality of shafts; and subclass 318 for a
miscellaneous signaling system having synchronized
distributors at the transmitter and receiver.
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 192 for a
code transmitter with a rotary distributor.
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 1 for motion picture apparatus
for recording or reproducing a motion picture with sound
accompaniment.
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, 46 for
clock systems which include a master clock and a secondary or
receiving clock where the clocks are electrically controlled
or operated; subclasses 52+ for the master clock of such a
system with its electrical circuits and connections; and
subclasses 59+ for the secondary or receiving clock of such a
system with their immediate operating mechanism.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, 354 for a
nonmultiplexed synchronizer.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), subclass 34
for plural impellers having synchronizing means.
Subclass:
305
Start-Stop:
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Subject matter
in which the synchronizer operates to start or stop the
distributors simultaneously.
(1) Note. The distributors (at both ends) after starting
usually rotate one complete revolution and one or both are
stopped at the initial point.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
178, Telegraphy, subclass 4.1 for a remote controlled
automatic printing system.
Subclass:
306
Nonmechanical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Subject matter
wherein provision is made for controlling the operation of
the distributor by means of a start-stop electronic
oscillation generator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclass 369 for
start-stop synchronization in digital communications not
limited to multiplex communications.
Subclass:
307
TRANSMULTIPLEXERS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which conversion from one multiplex
technique to a different multiplex technique is performed
(e.g., conversion between time division multiplex and
frequency division multiplex).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
478 for combined time division and frequency division
multiplexing.
Subclass:
308
RESONANT TRANSFER TECHNIQUES:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein a transfer of information samples is
achieved by closing access switches to a common bus for a
predetermined portion of a cycle of a resonant frequency
determined by reactive components associated with each
subscriber line.
Subclass:
309
RESONANT TRANSFER SUBSTITUTES:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter utilizing techniques that strictly speaking do
not utilize resonant transfer but are closely analogous to
and are designed as replacements for resonant transfer
techniques.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
308 for a resonant transfer system.
Subclass:
310
COMMUNICATION OVER FREE SPACE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein multiplex communication signals are
transmitted over a medium which is not a wire or a
waveguide.
(1) Note. A waveguide may be used in this communication
system for other purpose (e.g., for coupling).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
113 for duplex and subclasses 115+ for multiplex optical
communication which includes an optical waveguide.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, appropriate subclass
for digital communications not limited to multiplex
communications.
455, Telecommunications, appropriate subclass for
nonmultiplex radio communication.
Subclass:
311
Signaling for performing battery saving:
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter
having details of a procedure or supervisory communication
used to control a receiver or transceiver so as to conserve
power.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 825.44 for a pager
including battery conservation in a selective communication
system.
455, Telecommunications, subclass 38.3 and subclass 343 for
radio receiver battery conservation.
Subclass:
312
Message addressed to multiple destinations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter
wherein a direction for delivery accompanying message
information are transmitted to or received by more than one
corresponding remote station or group of remote stations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
432 for messages addressed to multiple destinations in wired
communications.
Subclass:
313
Portable address responsive receiver:
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter
wherein a lightweight receiver carried by an individual is
selectively communicated to by the use of receiver
identification codes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 825.44 for a pager
in a selective communication system.
455, Telecommunications, 38.1 for a code responsive radio
receiver.
Subclass:
314
Using time division multiplexing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Subject matter
in which access to the transmission medium is divided into
discrete time intervals, and information from respective
channels is transmitted in different time intervals.
Subclass:
315
Repeater:
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter
having at least a station which retransmits signals of other
stations to compensate for attenuation losses or to extend
the communication range between a group of stations.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, 211 for a repeater in
digital communications.
455, Telecommunications, 7 for a carrier wave repeater.
Subclass:
316
Airborne or space satellite repeater:
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Subject matter
wherein a space-deployed station is used as a relay
communicating station.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
455, Telecommunications, 12.1 for a space satellite carrier
wave repeater.
Subclass:
317
Including noise compensation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Subject matter
including a technique to improve the quality of transmitted
signals by eliminating unwanted or interfering signals.
Subclass:
318
Including power control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Subject matter
wherein noise is compensated by controlling the electrical
power or amplitude of the transmitted signal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
455, Telecommunications, subclass 13.4 for space satellite
with power control.
Subclass:
319
Multiple access (e.g., FDMA):
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Subject matter
having a scheme for reaching a communication medium in which
a station is assigned a channel in response to that station's
request for access and the assignment lasting until it is
withdrawn.
Subclass:
320
Code division (CDMA):
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
wherein spread spectrum codes are allocated to allow multiple
signals occupying the same channel bandwidth to be
transmitted simultaneously without interfering with one
another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
335 for CDMA in cellular wireless communications.
342 for CDMA in general wireless communications.
441 for CDMA in general wire communications.
Subclass:
321
Time division (TDMA):
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
in which a station is assigned a vacant time slot channel in
a time multiplex frame in response to that station's request
for access and the assignment lasting until it is withdrawn.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
337 for a wireless communication time division multiple
access in a plurality of contiguous regions, each region
being served by a respective fixed station.
347 for a general communication over free space using time
channel multiple access.
442 for a general communication over wire using time channel
multiple access.
Subclass:
322
Channel reservation scheme:
This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Subject matter
including a technique or method for reserving time slots for
a multiple access communication.
Subclass:
323
Including onboard switching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Subject matter
wherein the airborne or satellite repeater has an apparatus
for rearranging the order of the received time slots,
comprising a plurality of receiving and transmitting antennas
which cover different geos:graphical regions, and wherein
received information can be routed to the appropriate
transmitting antenna.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
455, Telecommunications, subclass 13.3 for a space satellite
with antenna feed network or multiple antenna switching.
Subclass:
324
Synchronization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Subject matter
including means for insuring that the transmission and
reception of time channel multiple access information has a
proper time relationship.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
350 for synchronization in general time multiplex wireless
communications.
503 for synchronization in general time multiplex
communications over wire.
Subclass:
325
Including onboard switching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
wherein the airborne or satellite repeater has a plurality of
receiving and transmitting antennas which cover different
geos:graphical regions, and wherein received information can
be routed to the appropriate transmitting antenna.
Subclass:
326
Combining or distributing information via time channels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Subject matter
wherein information signals are communicated between stations
by assembling or separating the signals via different time
periods on a common transmission medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
345 for general communication over free space using time
channels.
Subclass:
327
In a trunking system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Subject matter
wherein the repeater is used in a system having two or more
stations communicate using one channel of a plurality of
channels; the channel is assigned based upon the availability
of the plurality of channels, and the assignment is
controlled by sending supervisory information over a control
channel.
(1) Note. The channel assignment for a communication may
vary during the communication between the two stations.
(2) Note. The assignment of a channel bearing supervisory
information may vary with time, generally daily.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
340 for a trunking system which does not include a
repeater.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
455, Telecommunications, subclass 11.1 for a mobile
repeater.
Subclass:
328
Having a plurality of contiguous regions served by respective
fixed stations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter
wherein plural nonmobile base stations provide service to
different geos:graphical areas having their boundary touching
each other on a line or a point, and wherein communications
between mobile units navigating in and out of the areas are
regulated by the nonmobile base stations.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
455, Telecommunications, 422 for zone or cellular
radiotelephone system and subclasses 524+ for multiple base
radio stations system.
Subclass:
329
Channel assignment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Subject matter
having details of a process or apparatus for allocating a
communication channel to a user or subscriber for
transmission of information.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
455, Telecommunications, 450, 464, and 509+ for channel
allocation in a cellular radiotelephone system, a private
cordless telephone, and radio telecommunications system in
general, respectively.
Subclass:
330
Having both time and frequency assignment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter
wherein the allocation of communication channel includes an
assignment of a frequency channel and a time channel or time
slot.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
478 for combined time and frequency division.
Subclass:
331
Hand-off control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter
including means to switch the control of a mobile
communication from one geos:graphical area to another
geos:graphical area.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
455, Telecommunications, 436 for handoff control in a zoned
or cellular radiotelephone system not limited to multiplex
communications.
Subclass:
332
Based upon a particular signal quality measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Subject matter
using a process or apparatus which measures a selected signal
characteristic which will serve as a basis for making a
determination whether or not to hand-off the mobile station.
Subclass:
333
Signal quality determined by bit error rate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Subject matter
wherein the selected signal characteristic is measured by
determining a ratio of erroneous bits to the total number of
bits communicated at a given time period.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
714, Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,
704 for error rate counting.
Subclass:
334
Using multiple antennas at a station:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Subject
wherein a station (usually a base station) uses a plurality
of directional antennas for transmitting or receiving
information, and wherein signals from another station
(usually mobile) are received by two or more of the antennas
and the hand-off is performed based upon signal quality
measurements received on the two or more antennas.
Subclass:
335
Combining or distributing information via code word channels
using multiple access techniques (e.g., CDMA):
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter
wherein spread spectrum codes are allocated to allow multiple
signals occupying the same channel bandwidth to be
transmitted simultaneously without interfering with one
another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
320 for CDMA in space satellite communications.
342 for CDMA in general wireless communications.
441 for CDMA in general wire communications.
Subclass:
336
Combining or distributing information via time channels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter
wherein information signals are communicated between stations
by assembling or separating the signals via different time
periods on a common transmission medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
345 for general communication over free space using time
channels.
498 for general communication over wire using time
channels.
Subclass:
337
Multiple access (e.g., TDMA):
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter
having a scheme for reaching a communication medium in which
a station is assigned a vacant time slot channel in a time
multiplex frame in response to that station's request for
access and the assignment lasting until it is withdrawn.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
321 for time division multiple access in satellite
communication.
347 for general communication over free space using time
channel multiple access.
442 for general communication over wire using time channel
multiple access.
Subclass:
338
Contiguous regions interconnected by a local area network:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Subject matter
wherein the base stations in the geos:graphical area
communication system are interconnect by a common
communication bus, that allows wireless communication devices
to communicate with other wireless communication devices or
wired communication devices.
(1) Note. The common communication bus typically employs
multiple access techniques such as carrier sense multiple
access with collision detection (CSMA/CD).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
379, Telephonic Communications, 59 for fixed or base
stations connected to an exchange by land lines.
Subclass:
339
Plural usage of common antenna:
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter
in which more than two transmitters or receivers operate from
a common antenna.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
297 for diplex systems (two transmitters or receivers using
a common antenna).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, 100 for a
branched transmission lines network and subclasses 24+ for a
coupling network.
348, Television, 6 for a cable television system.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclass 257 for a
cable system.
455, Telecommunications, 3.1 for a distributive analog
system.
Subclass:
340
Using trunking:
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter
wherein two or more stations communicate using one channel of
a plurality of channels; the channel is assigned based upon
the availability of the plurality of channels, and the
assignment is controlled by sending supervisory information
over a control channel.
(1) Note. The channel assignment for a communication may
vary during the communication between the two stations.
(2) Note. The assignment of a channel bearing supervisory
information may vary with time, generally daily.
Subclass:
341
Channel assignment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Subject matter
including particular details of apparatus or technique for
allocating channels to a communication between two or more
stations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
329 for channel assignment in cellular communications.
Subclass:
342
Combining or distributing information via code word channels
using multiple access techniques (e.g., CDMA):
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter
wherein spread spectrum coding techniques allow multiple
signals occupying the same channel bandwidth to be
transmitted simultaneously without interfering with one
another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
320 for CDMA in space satellite communications.
335 for CDMA in cellular wireless communications.
441 for CDMA in general wire communications.
Subclass:
343
Combining or distributing information via frequency
channels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter
wherein information signals are communicated between stations
by assembling or separating the signals via different
frequency bands of a common transmission medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
480 for communications over wire using frequency channels.
Subclass:
344
Multiple access (e.g., FDMA):
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Subject matter
having a scheme for reaching a comunication medium in which a
station is assigned a frequency channel in response to that
station's request for access and the assignment lasting until
it is withdrawn.
Subclass:
345
Combining or distributing information via time channels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter
wherein information signals are communicated between stations
by assembling or separating the signals via different time
periods on a common transmission medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
498 for communications over wire using time channels.
Subclass:
346
Polling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Subject matter
in which individual terminals are queried to determine if
access to the transmission medium is needed for the transfer
of information.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
449 for channel assignment by polling in a wired
transmission medium.
Subclass:
347
Multiple access (e.g., TDMA):
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Subject matter
having a scheme for reaching a communication medium in which
a station is assigned a vacant time slot channel in a time
multiplex frame in response to that station's request for
access and the assignment lasting until it is withdrawn.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
442 for communications over wire using time division
multiple access.
Subclass:
348
Channel reservation scheme:
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Subject matter
including a technique or method for reserving a time slot for
communication.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
443 for communications over wire using TDMA with channel
reservation scheme.
Subclass:
349
Using messages having an address field as header:
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Subject matter
in which information data is organized in one or more bytes
preceded by an identifier indicative of source or destination
stations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
389 for routing a message which includes an address header.
Subclass:
350
Synchronization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Subject matter
including means for insuring that the transmission and
reception of time multiplex information has a proper time
relationship.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324 for synchronization in a TDMA satellite repeater
system.
503 for synchronization in general time multiplex
communications over wire.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
455, Telecommunications, 502 for synchronized stations in a
nonmultiplex analog communication.
Subclass:
351
PATHFINDING OR ROUTING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including an apparatus or a technique for
locating a path through a switching network from a source to
a destination.
(1) Note. This subclass includes techniques for
reorganizing existing connections to make room for new
connections.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
216 for alternate routing in response to a faulty
condition.
248 for testing a connection established through a multiplex
network.
254 for network configuration determination.
431 for channel assignment techniques.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
379, Telephonic Communications, 242 for switching of a
nonmultiplex voice communication system which may use a time
division controlling signal.
395, Information Processing System Organization, 311 for
data processing intrasystem connection path selecting.
Subclass:
352
Combined circuit switching and packet switching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Subject matter
wherein the switching network has both (a) a switch which
establishes a path between a source and destination with the
path being held for the duration of the communication, and
(b) a switch which routes information based on an address
associated with the information data in a channel which is
only occupied for a duration of the time required to transmit
the information data and the associated address.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
357 for a circuit switch.
389 for a packet switch.
Subclass:
353
Switching network having common elements to handle both
circuit switched traffic and packet switched traffic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Subject matter
wherein same structures in a switching network perform
routing of both circuit switched and packet switched data.
Subclass:
354
Switching network having separate elements to handle circuit
switched traffic and packet switched traffic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Subject matter
wherein noncommon structures within a switching network
respectively and separately perform routing of circuit
switched and packet switched data.
Subclass:
355
Routing packets through a circuit switching network:
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Subject matter
wherein packet switched traffic is adapted so as to be routed
through a switching network designed for circuit switched
traffic.
Subclass:
356
Routing circuit switched traffic through a packet switching
network:
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Subject matter
wherein circuit switched traffic is adapted so as to be
routed through a switching network designed for packet
switched traffic.
Subclass:
357
Through a circuit switch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Subject matter
wherein the switching network establishes a path or channel
between two or more terminals and permits the exclusive use
of the connection between them until the connection is
released.
(1) Note. A switching exchange or a concentrator with
multiplex signals are placed in ths subclass.
(2) Note. The distinction between multiplexing and
selective or telemetry devices is: in multiplexing, the
information is unrestricted as to content, e.g., a
teletypewriter which uses an alphabet to transmit unlimited
information, whereas in selective or telemetry devices, the
information is restricted as to content, e.g., a transducer
measuring a single parameter.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, 175 for an
automatic multiple contact selective switch.
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, 112
for class appropriate switching system.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, 365 for a miscellaneous gating
circuit.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, 108 for an electromagnetically operated
automatic selective switch.
340, Communications: Electrical, 825.79 for a nonmultiplex
selective matrix system.
379, Telephonic Communications, appropriate subclasses
relating to a telephonic device, particularly subclass 290
for multiplexed switches and subclasses 242+ for a switch
having nonmultiplexed signals to be switched, and subclass
333 for a concentrator.
Subclass:
358
Switching input signals having different aggregate bit
rates:
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Subject matter
wherein the established path has different number of
information bits flow per unit time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
391 for packet switching with input signals having different
aggregate bit rates.
Subclass:
359
Input or output circuit, per se (i.e., line interface):
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Subject matter
having details of a circuit or technique for controlling how
information is handled at an entrance or exit of the switch.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
419 for a input or output circuit line interface in a packet
switching system.
Subclass:
360
Switching control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Subject matter
including procedures, techniques, or apparatus to implement a
supervisory function necessary for a proper switching of
information from an input of the switching network to an
output of the network.
Subclass:
361
Folded network:
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter
in which an equivalent N-stage switch is achieved with less
than N-stage by "folding" back the output of one stage to
connect with the input of a preceding stage.
Subclass:
362
Bus switch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter
in which time switching occurs by connecting communication
lines to a common line (bus) for a time sufficient to
transfer information between the lines (e.g., one time
slot).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
710, Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing
Systems: Input/Output, 1 for transferring data from one or
more peripherals to one or more computers or digital data
processing systems for the latter to process, store, or
further transfer or for transferring data from the computers
or digital data processing systems to the peripheral.of
information processing system.
Subclass:
363
Having details of control storage arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Subject matter
which includes a particular method, apparatus, or technique
dealing with the storage of supervisory or control
information for controlling the switching.
Subclass:
364
Having plural buses:
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Subject matter
having more than one bus line.
Subclass:
365
Separate transmit and receive buses:
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter
having different buses for sending and for accepting
information.
Subclass:
366
Including serial-parallel or parallel-serial conversion for
input or output:
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter
wherein information in a sequential transmission format is
changed to a multipath parallel transmission format, or vice
versa, at an entrance or exit of the switching system.
Subclass:
367
For distribution to a multiplanar switching network:
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter
wherein the switching system consists of two or more parallel
switching elements such as parallel space switches.
Subclass:
368
Having details of control storage arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter
which includes a particular method, apparatus, or technique
dealing with the storage of supervisory or control
information for controlling the switching.
Subclass:
369
Having time and space switches:
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter
in which the switching system is organized to have (a) a time
stage which reorganizes the order of time slots and (b) a
space stage which switches time slots on incoming lines to a
desired outgoing line in either order.
Subclass:
370
Having space switch as intermediate stage (e.g., T-S-T,
T-S-S, or S-S-T):
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Subject matter
having a space switch or switches which are not the first or
last stages of a circuit switching network (i.e., time-space
plus an additional switching stage).
Subclass:
371
Having details of control storage arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370. Subject matter
which includes a particular method, apparatus, or technique
dealing with the storage of supervisory or control
information for controlling the switching.
Subclass:
372
Having time switch as intermediate stage (e.g., S-T-S or
T-T-S):
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Subject matter
having at least a time switch which is not the first or last
stages of a circuit switching network.
Subclass:
373
Having supervisory signaling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Subject matter
wherein control information is communicated between switches
to control the switches.
Subclass:
374
Having details of control storage arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Subject matter
which includes a particular method, apparatus, or technique
dealing with the storage of supervisory or control
information for controlling the switching.
Subclass:
375
Time switch, per se (e.g., T or T-T):
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter
in which information in time slots of incoming lines is
switched to desired destinations only by storing or delaying
the information until the desired instant of readout.
Subclass:
376
Time slot interchange, per se:
This subclass is indented under subclass 375. Subject matter
having structural details of a device for altering the time
sequence of information received in predetermined time
intervals.
Subclass:
377
Having supervisory signaling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 375. Subject matter
wherein control information is communicated between switches
to control the switches.
Subclass:
378
Having details of control storage arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 375. Subject matter
which includes a particular method, apparatus, or technique
dealing with the storage of supervisory or control
information for controlling the switching.
Subclass:
379
Data memory addressing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
wherein a particular storage control apparatus or technique
is utilized to control the writing of incoming data
information into a storage device and the reading of data
information therefrom for transmission.
Subclass:
380
Space switch, per se (e.g., S or S-S):
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter
wherein the switching control is for a switching system that
has a plurality of inputs and a plurality of outputs wherein
any input can be connected to any output for spatially
displacing the information.
Subclass:
381
Having details of control storage arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter
which includes a particular method, apparatus, or technique
dealing with the storage of supervisory or control
information for controlling the switching.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
363 for details of control memory in a bus switch.
368 for details of control memory in a switch having serial
to parallel conversion or vice versa.
371 and 374, for details of control memory in a combined
time and space switching system.
378 for details of control memory in a time switch.
Subclass:
382
Data memory addressing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Subject matter
wherein a particular storage control apparatus or technique
is utilized to control the writing of incoming data
information into a storage device and the reading of data
information therefrom for transmission.
Subclass:
383
Control storage addressing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Subject matter
wherein a particular apparatus or technique is utilized to
control the reading or writing of control information from or
to a control memory.
Subclass:
384
Having a supervisory signaling feature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter
wherein control information is communicated between stations
for switching control.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
496 for signaling in multiplex communications via frequency
channels.
522 for signaling in multiplex communications via time
channels.
Subclass:
385
Having a separate signaling network:
This subclass is indented under subclass 384. Subject matter
wherein a communication system distinct from the switching
system is provided for the communication of signaling
information (i.e. CCITT Signaling System No. 7).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
524 for a dedicated signaling channel in general
communication via time channels.
Subclass:
386
Particular switching network arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Subject matter
includes details of a physical arrangement of switching
elements in a switching system.
Subclass:
387
Multiplanar switch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 386. Subject matter
wherein the switching system consists of two or more parallel
switching elements.
Subclass:
388
Multistage switch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 386. Subject matter
wherein the switching system consists of two or more
sequential switching elements.
Subclass:
389
Switching a message which includes an address header (e.g.,
packet switching):
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Subject matter
wherein information data to be switched is organized with one
or more bytes preceded by an identification information
indicative of a source or destination station.
(1) Note. The switching of the message having an address
header is commonly called packet switching.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
473 and 474, for handling of packet data other than
switching.
Subclass:
390
Replicate messages for multiple destination distribution:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter
wherein copies of the same information is being made for
transferring to more than one destination.
Subclass:
391
Switching input signals having different aggregate bit
rates:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter
wherein the switch has plural input lines, and information
bits per unit time flow in each line are different from one
another.
Subclass:
392
Processing of address header for routing, per se:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter
having details of techniques or apparatus which process the
address information field for switching the packet of
information.
Subclass:
393
Address concatenation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 392. Subject matter
wherein information concerning the address of nodes or
switches in the route of a packet are serially linked
together in the packet to provide information for the route
of packets.
(1) Note. For example, the packet is transmitted through a
plurality of nodes, and the address of all the nodes in the
route will be added to the address field of a packet.
Subclass:
394
Sequencing or resequencing of packets to ensure proper output
sequence order:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter
wherein a rearrangement of packets order is performed before
being outputted to ensure that the packets are outputted in
the same order as the packets received by the network.
Subclass:
395
Message transmitted using regularly occurring fixed length
time intervals (e.g., ATM):
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter
wherein asynchronous packetized information is conveyed in
regularly occurring time periods of uniform duration.
Subclass:
396
Distributed switching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Subject matter
wherein the routing of a message from a source to a
destination is performed by a plurality of nodes which share
the control of switching and routing functions of the
network.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
400 for non-ATM packet distributed switching.
Subclass:
397
Employing logical addressing for routing (e.g., VP or VC):
This subclass is indented under subclass 396. Subject matter
wherein packets of information are communicated between two
or more stations on physical paths or circuits which may vary
with time during a connection, and are identified using a
transparent addressing scheme.
(1) Note. The time varying paths or circuits are also
called virtual paths (VP) or virtual circuits (VC).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
399 for employing logical addressing for routing in ATM
centralized switching.
409 for employing logical addressing for routing in non-ATM
distributed switching.
Subclass:
398
Centralized switching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Subject matter
wherein the switching network consists of one switch node
with a plurality of inputs and a plurality of outputs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
422 for non-ATM packet centralized switching.
Subclass:
399
Employing logical addressing for routing (e.g., VP or VC):
This subclass is indented under subclass 398. Subject matter
wherein packets of information are communicated between two
or more stations on physical paths or circuits which may vary
with time during a connection, and are identified using a
transparent addressing scheme.
Subclass:
400
Having a plurality of nodes performing distributed
switching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter
having a switching architecture in which a plurality of
switch nodes are provided such that the switching function is
spread out over a geos:graphical area.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
396 for ATM distributed switching.
Subclass:
401
Bridge or gateway between networks:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
having a device for interconnecting two or more networks at a
media-access level of a data-link layer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
402 for a bridge which interconnects two or more bus
networks wherein the buses have a plurality of terminals
connected thereto.
404 for a bridge which interconnects two or more closed
transmission path network having a plurality of terminals
connected thereto.
Subclass:
402
Bridge between bus systems:
This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Subject matter
wherein networks interconnected by the bridge are
characterized by having a common transmission line with a
plurality of terminals connected thereto.
Subclass:
403
At least one bus is a ring network:
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the bus systems is a closed loop
transmission bus.
Subclass:
404
Ring or loop forms backbone for interconnecting other
networks:
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter
wherein a closed path transmission system serves as a central
switch for switching information to and from other networks.
Subclass:
405
The other networks are ring or loop networks:
This subclass is indented under subclass 404. Subject matter
wherein the backboned ring or loop interconnects other closed
transmission line networks having a plurality of terminals
connected thereto.
Subclass:
406
Plurality rings or loops to form a mesh network:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
having a plurality of nodes wherein each node is connected to
at least two closed transmission path communication links.
Subclass:
407
Interconnected star couplers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
having interconnection between plural couplers that
distributes signal from one or more transmission line input
among a larger number of output lines.
Subclass:
408
Nodes interconnected in a hierarchy to form a tree:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
having a plurality of nodes wherein one of the nodes is a
root node and other nodes are connected to the root node by
branches.
Subclass:
409
Employing logical addressing for routing (e.g., VP or VC):
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein packets of information are communicated between two
or more stations on physical paths which are varying with
time during a connection, and are identified using a
transparent addressing scheme.
Subclass:
410
Having a signaling feature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein supervisory information is communicated between
switches to control the switches.
Subclass:
411
Including sorting and merging networks:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter
wherein pathfinding through a self routing packet switch
includes (a) Batcher and (b) Banyan type networks.
Subclass:
412
Queuing arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter
wherein pathfinding through a packet switch involves a
particular buffer processing arrangement for control of
communication of packets in a packet network.
Subclass:
413
Having both input and output queuing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Subject matter
having a queuing arrangement at both the input and output of
the packet switch.
Subclass:
414
Contention resolution for output:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Subject matter
having a particular protocol to resolve the problem of
unregulated bidding for an output line by multiple messages
from different inputs.
Subclass:
415
Having input queuing only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Subject matter
having queues exclusively on inputs to the network.
Subclass:
416
Contention resolution for output:
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Subject matter
having a particular protocol to resolve the problem of
unregulated bidding for an output line by multiple messages
from different inputs.
Subclass:
417
Having output queuing only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Subject matter
having queues exclusively on outputs of the network.
Subclass:
418
Contention resolution for output:
This subclass is indented under subclass 417. Subject matter
having a particular protocol to resolve the problem of
unregulated bidding for an output line by multiple messages
from different inputs.
Subclass:
419
Input or output circuit, per se (i.e., line interface):
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter
having means or techniques for controlling how information is
handled at an input or output of a switch.
Subclass:
420
For connecting plural subscribers to a network (i.e., network
termination):
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter
wherein the input or output circuit interfaces more than one
terminal to a transmission line network.
Subclass:
421
Subscribers connected to an input or output circuit by a
common bus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Subject matter
wherein the terminals to be connected to a transmission line
network by an interface are interconnected to the interface
by a common transmission line.
Subclass:
422
Centralized switching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter
having one single switch node for switching packet type
information from a plurality of inputs to a plurality of
outputs of the node.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
398 for ATM centralized switching.
Subclass:
423
Including a bus for interconnecting inputs and outputs:
This subclass is indented under subclass 422. Subject matter
including a closed path for interconnecting input interfaces
and output interfaces of a packet type switch.
Subclass:
424
Including a ring or loop for interconnecting inputs and
outputs:
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter
including a closed path for interconnecting input interfaces
and output interfaces of a packet type switch.
Subclass:
425
Star configuration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 422. Subject matter
wherein a data distribution system containing a central node
or hub connected to one end of each of three or more branches
and each other end of the branches is connected to a member
of a local area network multiplex system, and all routing of
network data takes place through the central node.
Subclass:
426
Having a signaling feature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 422. Subject matter
wherein supervisory information is communicated between
switches to control the switches.
Subclass:
427
Space switching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter
wherein messages are transferred from inputs to outputs of a
switch node by temporarily providing a physical path between
the inputs and outputs in order to route the messages.
Subclass:
428
Store and forward:
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Subject matter
including facilities which permit (a) a storage of all or
part of a message when no outgoing link to a destination is
free and (b) a subsequent transmission to the destination
when such a link becomes free.
Subclass:
429
Particular storing and queuing arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Subject matter
having a particular buffer processing arrangement for
controlling the flow of information.
Subclass:
430
FDM switching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Subject matter
wherein signals to be switched are frequency division
multiplexed in the transmission medium having a frequency
spectrum divided into segments and respective information
channels are transmitted in different segments.
Subclass:
431
CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUES:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter having details of a technique for allocating
usage of a communication channel or channels to subscriber
terminals.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
329 for channel assignment in a communication over free
space with a plurality of contiguous regions served by
respective fixed stations.
341 for channel assignment in radio trunking communication.
Subclass:
432
Messages addressed to multiple destinations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
wherein a direction for delivery accompanying message
information are transmitted to or received by more than one
corresponding remote station or group of remote stations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
312 for messages addressed to multiple destinations in
wireless communications.
Subclass:
433
Only active channels transmitted:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
wherein the system adapts to changing traffic conditions by
sending only data from active channels and by suppressing
data from inactive channels.
Subclass:
434
Concentrator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Subject matter
in which a switching device is used to reduce the number of
transmission channels required to serve remote stations by
allocating a transmission channel to a remote station only
when the remote station requests service (e.g., by going off
hook).
Subclass:
435
TASI (Time Assignment Speech Interpolation):
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
including telephone switching equipment whereby a user's line
is connected to an idle line when he starts talking and is
disconnected when he stops talking.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,
41 for speech analysis.
Subclass:
436
Combined time and frequency assignment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
wherein the assignment of a communication channel includes
assignment of a frequency channel and a time channel or time
slot.
Subclass:
437
Adaptive selection of channel assignment technique:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
having an automatic selection of a technique that provides an
optimum channel assignment performance.
Subclass:
438
Using a separate control line or bus for access control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
wherein the assignment of a channel is controlled by a
supervisory signal communicated on a line which is distinct
from the line used for communicating information signals.
Subclass:
439
Control line is used to request or reserve access:
This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Subject matter
wherein the control line is used by a station to send a
demand for having a channel assigned or for using a
communication line.
Subclass:
440
Dual bus dynamic queuing (i.e., DQDB):
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Subject matter
wherein a first bus carries information in time slots and a
second bus carries time slot reservation and request signal
for controlling access of information in the time slot of the
first bus.
(1) Note. DQDB stands for distributed queue dual bus.
Subclass:
441
Combining or distributing information via code word channels
using multiple access techniques (e.g., CDMA):
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
wherein spread spectrum coding techniques allow multiple
signals occupying the same channel bandwidth to be
transmitted simultaneously without interfering with one
another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
320 for CDMA in space satellite communications.
335 for CDMA in cellular wireless communications.
342 for CDMA in general wireless communications.
Subclass:
442
Combining or distributing information via time channels using
multiple access techniques (e.g.,TDMA):
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
having a scheme for reaching a communication medium in which
a station is assigned a vacant time slot channel in response
to that station's request for access and the assignment
lasting until it is withdrawn.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
321 for TDMA in space satellite communications.
337 for TDMA in cellular wireless communications.
347 for TDMA in general wireless communications.
Subclass:
443
Using channel reservation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 442. Subject matter
wherein a specific time slot channel is exclusively reserved
to a certain station to access the communication media.
Subclass:
444
With priority resolution:
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Subject matter
wherein the access to a reserved channel is based on an order
of importance assigned to each station.
(1) Note. The permitted transmission may be for the first
actuated transmitter, or for a transmitter given priority in
accordance with a program, a condition, or time.
Subclass:
445
Carrier sense multiple access (CSMA):
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
having a reservation scheme for reaching a communication
medium in which a station is assigned a carrier; the idle
state of a communication channel is determined by sensing the
presence or absence of a carrier signal on the channel.
(1) Note. CSMA with collision detection (CSMA/CD) or a
listen while talk scheme (LWT) is the basis of the Ethernet
protocol. In this scheme, a user listens to a channel while
sending out a message and immediately ceases transmission
before it is completed when a collision with another
simultaneous transmitting user is detected.
Subclass:
446
Using a star coupler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter
wherein a passive coupler distributes information signals
from one or more input lines among a larger number of output
lines.
Subclass:
447
Arbitration for access between contending stations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter
wherein an order of importance is assigned to stations or
information to resolve situations in which plural stations
attempt to gain access to the same communication channel at
the same time.
Subclass:
448
Using weighted back-off timing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 447. Subject matter
wherein after a data collision is detected, the stations
which caused the collision vary the amount of time before an
attempt to transmit again according to a priority scheme.
Subclass:
449
Polling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
in which individual terminals are queried to determine if
access to the transmission medium is needed for the transfer
of information.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
346 for polling in wireless communications.
Subclass:
450
Passing a signal identifying the idle or busy state of a
channel (e.g., token passing):
This subclass is indented under subclass 449. Subject matter
in which a signal indicative of an occupancy or nonoccupancy
state of a communication channel is sent to control access to
the communication channel.
(1) Note. The signal identifying the idle or busy state of a
channel is also called the token.
Subclass:
451
On bus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Subject matter
in which the idle or busy signal is passing on a common trunk
line to which a number of terminals can be connected through
couplers.
Subclass:
452
On ring or loop:
This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Subject matter
in which the idle or busy signal is passed from station to
station on a closed transmission path.
(1) Note. Token passing buses are normally implemented by
the creation of a logical loop or ring using a token passing
list which contains the order of which token is to be
passed.
Subclass:
453
Initialization or reinitialization of network:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter
having means for (a) starting or (b) resetting a
communication network.
Subclass:
454
Having multiple idle or busy signals simultaneously on the
network:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter
wherein more than one idle or busy signal is present on the
loop or ring since multiple frames of information which
contain the signals are present on the loop or ring at the
same time.
Subclass:
455
Including priority resolution:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter
wherein an order of importance is assigned to stations or
information to resolve situations in which plural stations
attempt to gain access to the same communication channel at
the same time.
Subclass:
456
Idle or busy signal erasure or frame erasure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter
involving the suppression or elimination of an idle or busy
signal to ensure that a proper idle or busy signal is on the
loop or ring.
Subclass:
457
Initialization or reinitialization of network:
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Subject matter
having means for (a) starting or (b) resetting a
communication network.
Subclass:
458
Using time slots:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
wherein access to a transmission medium is performed by using
an assigned time period.
Subclass:
459
Having indication of idle or busy state of time slot:
This subclass is indented under subclass 458. Subject matter
wherein a time slot is assigned based on a test indicating an
occupancy or nonoccupancy state of the network.
Subclass:
460
On ring or loop network:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Subject matter
wherein the indication of idle or busy state of a time slot
is applied to a ring or loop network.
Subclass:
461
Arbitration for access between contending stations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 458. Subject matter
including techniques or apparatus to resolve the right of a
terminal to use a time slot channel when two or more
terminals desire to use the channel simultaneously.
Subclass:
462
Arbitration for access to a channel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
including techniques or apparatus to resolve the right of a
terminal to use a common communication channel when two or
more terminals desire to use the channel simultaneously.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
444 for TDMA with priority channel reservation.
447 for CSMA with arbitration for access between contending
stations.
461 for arbitration for access using time slots.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 825.5 for priority in
selective system in general.
Subclass:
463
Details of circuit or interface for connecting user to the
network:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
having means or techniques for handling the transfer of
information from one or more terminal to the transmission
line network.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
359 for line interface input or output circuit, per se, in a
circuit switch system.
419 for line interface input or output circuit, per se, in a
packet switch system.
Subclass:
464
COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR INFORMATION CARRIED IN PLURAL
CHANNELS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including details of methods or apparatus for
formatting, converting, combining, or distributing
information signals for transmission or reception via more
than one time or frequency channel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
280 and 294, for time division duplex system.
281 and 295, for frequency division duplex system.
298 for low speed asynchronous system which may include
techniques for data formatting, or techniques for combining
or distributing information via channels separated in
frequency or in time.
310 for communication over free space wherein information
may be combined or distributed via channels separated in
frequency or in time.
Subclass:
465
Adaptive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
in which the transmission format changes or adapts
automatically, or is programmed for changing traffic
requirements, or accommodates a plurality of sources having
diverse characteristics, (e.g., rates or data format).
Subclass:
466
Converting between protocols:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter
including means for converting format and timing of message
exchanges between two systems governed by different set of
communicating rules.
Subclass:
467
Conversion between signaling protocols:
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Subject matter
including means for converting format and timing of control
or supervisory information exchanges between two systems
governed by different set of communicating rules.
Subclass:
468
Assignment of variable bandwidth or time period for
transmission or reception:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter
including adaptive allocations of different frequency
bandwidths or different time period durations for a
transmission or reception.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
477 for transmission bandwidth conservation.
Subclass:
469
Processing multiple layer protocols:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter
including adaptive processing of information which is
compliant with rules as set forth in a tiered (layered)
structured communication.
(1) Note. An example of a multiple layer network is the
Open System Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model which
comprises seven layers respectively named: Physical, Data
Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation and
Application. Each layer assumes an independent function
which could be individually modified without destabilizing
the entire system protocols.
Subclass:
470
Frame length:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter
having varying time period to transmit a recurring number of
data bits along with control information.
Subclass:
471
Message having an address header:
This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Subject matter
in which information data is organized in one or more bytes
preceded by an identifier indicative of source or destination
stations.
Subclass:
472
Byte length:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter
wherein byte lengths adapt to changes in traffic conditions.
(1) Note. A byte is a digital word comprised of a group of
related pulses.
Subclass:
473
Transmission of a single message having multiple packets:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter
wherein the system adapts to transmit only a single message
formed by plural packets.
Subclass:
474
Assembly or disassembly of messages having address headers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
including (a) a process of combining into a collective unit
plural messages having each an address header, or (b) a
process of decombining a collective unit of messages.
Subclass:
475
Address transmitted:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
in which identifying information indicative of the receiving
or transmitting station accompanies the data transmission.
Subclass:
476
Byte assembly and formatting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
in which received data is grouped into a predefined order
(format) either with or without a format conversion.
Subclass:
477
Transmission bandwidth conservation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
having means for accommodating more information per unit time
on a given transmission medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
468 for adaptive assignment of variable bandwidth or time
period for transmission or reception.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclasses 384.1-440.1 for bandwidth
reduction.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclasses
240.01-240.29 for digital television bandwidth compression
system.
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,
29 for audio bandwidth compression or expansion.
Subclass:
478
Combined time division and frequency division:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
wherein information signals are combined or distributed via
both time and frequency channels.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
330 for channel assignment having both time and frequency in
communication over free space.
436 for channel assignment having both time and frequency.
Subclass:
479
Combining or distributing information via code word
channels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
in which each multiplexed channel consists of a unique code
word which carries the information.
(1) Note. Separation of each multiplexed channel is usually
achieved by correlation detection.
(2) Note. PCM or pulse code modulation, which is a
particular technique for transmitting digital signal, should
not be classified in this subclass if its use is not to make
a channel distinct in multiplex communications.
(3) Note. A synchronizing word which may use a particular
coding sequence for synchronization purpose is classified in
subclasses 503+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
375, Pulse or Communications, subclasses 130-153 for spread
spectrum having nonmultiplex code word communication.
Subclass:
480
Combining or distributing information via frequency
channels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
wherein information signals are communicated between stations
by assembling or separating the signals via different
frequency bands on a common transmission medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
281 and 295, for a frequency division duplex system.
302 for a low speed asynchronous system using frequency
channels.
343 for multiplex communication over free space via
frequency channels
Subclass:
481
Multiple frequency translations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Subject matter
wherein a group of signals occupying a definite frequency
band is transferred from one position in the frequency
spectrum to another in such a way that the arithmetic
frequency difference of signals within the band is
unaltered.
Subclass:
482
Particular carrier generation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Subject matter
including features specific to a generation of a basic
frequency wave (carrier wave); such basic wave is modulated
by an information bearing signal (modulating signal) in a
modulation process.
Subclass:
483
Using angle modulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Subject matter
using a modulation in which an angle of a sine wave carrier
is a characteristic varied from its normal value by
modulation.
(1) Note. Phase and frequency modulation are particular
forms of angle modulation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
215 for phase modulation.
Subclass:
484
Digital analysis or synthesis of a group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Subject matter
in which a frequency multiplex composite spectrum is produced
or resolved into its constituent channels by digital
processing techniques (e.g., digital filters).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating, 300 for a digital filter.
Subclass:
485
Subscriber carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Subject matter
in which an additional individual subscriber service is
provided by adding a carrier channel to an existing
communication line.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 870.18 for a telemetric
carrier signaling system; and subclasses 310.01+ for a signal
over a power line.
455, Telecommunications, 400 for a super audible telephone
carrier system where a super audible carrier wave for
transmission of telephone signals is transmitted over an
electrical system other than a baseband telephone line.
Subclass:
486
Program distribution:
This subclass is indented under subclass 485. Subject matter
wherein scheduled information is distributed over a carrier
system (e.g., commercial wired radio broadcast).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
312 for message addressed to multiple destinations.
339 for plural transmitters/receivers operating off of a
common antenna.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, 6 for a cable television distribution
system.
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,
77 for one-way program distribution.
455, Telecommunications, 3.1 for a analog signal
distribution system.
Subclass:
487
Combined communication of diverse information types:
This subclass is indented under subclass 486. Subject matter
wherein the program distribution includes plural types of
communication media.
Subclass:
488
Connecting filters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 485. Subject matter
in which a arrangement of filters or filtering techniques are
employed for signal combination or separation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
484 for digital filtering used in a carrier system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, 100 and 165
through 167 for coupling networks utilized in a manner
similar to networks classified here.
Subclass:
489
Bus (distributed stations):
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Subject matter
in which information is transferred over one or more common
frequency channel shared by a plurality of stations having
the same level of control.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
485 for a telephone subscriber carrier system.
Subclass:
490
Combined communication of diverse information types:
This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Subject matter
wherein distributed information includes plural types of
communication media.
Subclass:
491
Pilot:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Subject matter
in which at least one signal wave, usually a single
frequency, is transmitted for control purposes, e.g., A.G.C.,
Doppler correction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
500 for pilot control signal in multiplex communications
over time channels.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,
1 for a stereo system with pilot signals.
Subclass:
492
Repeater:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Subject matter
having a retransmitting station between communicating
stations to compensate for transmission attenuation losses or
to extend the range of communication between a group of
stations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
274 for a quadruplex repeater.
279 and 293, for a duplex repeater.
315 for a repeater used in communication over free space.
501 for a repeater used in multiplex communications over
time channels.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
178, Telegraphy, subclass 70 R+ for a teles:graphic
nonmultiplex repeater.
330, Amplifiers, for an amplifier which may be used as a
repeater.
379, Telephonic Communications, 338 for a telephonic
nonmultiplex repeater.
455, Telecommunications, subclass 23 for a nonmultiplex
frequency carrier wave repeater system.
Subclass:
493
Combined voice and data transmission:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Subject matter
having transmission of a composite signal comprising audio
and data.
Subclass:
494
Data over voice:
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Subject matter
wherein data are transmitted on a carrier frequency higher
than the voice frequency range.
Subclass:
495
Data under voice:
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Subject matter
wherein data are transmitted on a carrier frequency lower
than the voice frequency range.
Subclass:
496
Signaling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Subject matter
including means for transmitting supervisory or indicating
information ancillary to principal information being
transmitted (e.g., E and M signaling).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
522 for signaling in multiplex communications over time
channels.
Subclass:
497
Using particular filtering technique:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Subject matter
employing devices that allow signals of certain frequencies
to pass for signal combination or separation.
Subclass:
498
Combining or distributing information via time channels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
wherein information signals are communicated between stations
by assembling or separating the signals via different time
periods on a common transmission medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
280 and 294, for a time division duplex system.
326 336+ and 345+, for combining or distributing information
via time channels in satellite, cellular, or general
communication over free space respectively.
478 for combined time and frequency division multiplexing.
Subclass:
499
Polarity multiplex:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
in which positive and negative half cycles of a carrier wave
are respectively modulated independently by signals from
different sources.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
381, Electric Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices, 2
for broadcast or multiplex stereo which may include polarity
multiplex technique.
Subclass:
500
Pilot:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
including a signal (pilot) separable from the usual
information transmitted, which signal is utilized for
control, maintenance, or improvement of signal quality.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
491 for pilot control signal in multiplex communications
over frequency channels.
Subclass:
501
Repeater:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
having a retransmitting station between communicating
stations to compensate for transmission attenuation losses or
to extend the range of communication between a group of
stations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
274 for a quadruplex repeater.
279 and 293, for radio and wire duplex repeater
respectively.
315 for a repeater used in communication over free space.
491 for a repeater used in multiplex communications over
frequency channels.
Subclass:
502
Bus extenders:
This subclass is indented under subclass 501. Subject matter
including at least a common retransmission line to extend the
communication range between a group of transmission lines.
Subclass:
503
Synchronizing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
including a means for insuring that the transmission and
reception of time multiplex information has a proper time
relationship.
(1) Note. Included herein is a phase locked loop
synchronizer unique to multiplex and a system analogous to
pulse stuffing or deletion which utilize a guard interval but
do not stuff or delete, but rather adjust timing to prevent
conflict.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
304 for a synchronizer in a low speed asynchronous data
system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, 354 for synchronizing
the operations of receiving and transmitting mechanisms.
Subclass:
504
Reference indication consists of a gap:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Subject matter
in which synchronization is achieved by identifying the
absence of data transmission for a predetermined interval
(i.e., a gap) and using that absence to identify a reference
point within a transmission interval.
Subclass:
505
Pulse stuffing or deletion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Subject matter
wherein synchronization of a pulse train is achieved by (a)
inserting extra pulses into the train when pulses arrive too
slow or (b) removing pulses from the train when pulses arrive
too fast.
Subclass:
506
Frame or bit stream justification:
This subclass is indented under subclass 505. Subject matter
wherein a course of action is taken if a receiver station
ignores a block of data because an error has occurred or the
receiver possesses no more buffer space.
Subclass:
507
Mutual (reciprocal) synchronization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Subject matter
wherein the clock frequency adjustment of one station is
based upon information about the status of clock signals
originating at other stations of the system.
Subclass:
508
Transmission time into time slots adjusted based upon
propagation delay time:
This subclass is indented under subclass 507. Subject matter
including means to adjust the time at which a station
transmits information into an assigned time period in order
to compensate for transmission delays which are related to
the length and type of communication media.
Subclass:
509
Using synchronization information contained in a frame:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Subject matter
in which the synchronization is performed on a cycle of a
recurring number of data bits (frame) rather than on the
individual channels or bits in the frame.
Subclass:
510
Synchronization information is distributed over multiple
frames:
This subclass is indented under subclass 509. Subject matter
wherein the information used for synchronizing the
information stream is placed in multiple time locations
within a time period defining more than one frame.
Subclass:
511
Using redundant synchronization words:
This subclass is indented under subclass 510. Subject matter
wherein plural identical synchronizing words are transmitted
so that the words may be compared to ensure the proper
recognition of the synchronizing words.
Subclass:
512
Synchronization information is distributed within a frame:
This subclass is indented under subclass 509. Subject matter
wherein the information used for synchronizing the
information stream is placed in multiple time locations
within the time period defining the frame.
Subclass:
513
Plural synchronization words:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter
wherein the information used to synchronize the information
stream consists of a multiplicity of multibit words which are
distributed in the frame.
Subclass:
514
Unique synchronization word or unique bit sequence:
This subclass is indented under subclass 509. Subject matter
wherein a particular sequence of bits is utilized to ensure
the proper recognition of the synchronizing information so
that the information may be properly decoded.
Subclass:
515
Pseudo-random:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514. Subject matter
in which a maximal or minimum length binary sequence is
utilized for achieving synchronization.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
510 for a pseudo-random sequence distributed over a
plurality of frames.
Subclass:
516
Adjusting for phase or jitter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Subject matter
including means to correct errors in the time of occurrence
of transmitted pulses.
(1) Note. This includes self clocking in which phase lock
loops are used to correct phase errors between a local
reference and the received signal for proper
synchronization.
Subclass:
517
Including delay device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Subject matter
in which the timing of transmission or reception is
determined by propagation of one or more pulses down a delay
device.
Subclass:
518
Provide plural phases of a clocking signal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Subject matter
wherein multiple versions of a clock signal are provided, and
wherein each of the clock signals are phase shifted in
relation to each other.
Subclass:
519
Delay based upon propagation delay time:
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Subject matter
including a measurement of time required for a pulse or a
level transition to propagate through a device.
Subclass:
520
Unique synchronization pulse:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Subject matter
in which a synchronization bit has a width, amplitude, phase,
or other property which serves to distinguish the
synchronization bit from data bits.
Subclass:
521
Time compression or expansion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
where (a) information is read out at a faster rate than it is
stored, resulting in a time compression, or conversely (b)
where it is stored at a faster rate than it is read out,
resulting in a time expansion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,
34 for the time compression or expansion of an electrical
audio signal.
Subclass:
522
Signaling (ancillary to main information):
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
having means for transmitting or detecting signaling
information ancillary to the principal information
transmitted by the system (e.g., dial pulse, onhook/offhook,
and ringing information all ancillary to the information
conveyed by a telephone call).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
496 for signaling in multiplex communications over frequency
channels.
Subclass:
523
Using bit robbing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 522. Subject matter
wherein a bit which is normally used to convey main
information is temporarily used for supervisory information.
(e.g., the 8th bit of a byte of information is temporarily
used for signaling).
Subclass:
524
Using a dedicated signaling channel (i.e., D-channel):
This subclass is indented under subclass 522. Subject matter
wherein a predefined transmission channel is designated for
signaling.
Subclass:
525
Digital tone signal generation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 522. Subject matter
including a generator which creates an encoded binary signal
representation of a tone or a wave signal.
Subclass:
526
Digital tone detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 522. Subject matter
including a detector of digital tone or digital wave
signals.
Subclass:
527
Superimposed or modulated on principal information:
This subclass is indented under subclass 522. Subject matter
in which the signaling information is carried on the
principal information.
Subclass:
528
Inserted in gaps in main information:
This subclass is indented under subclass 522. Subject matter
in which gaps in the principal information transmitted are
used for the transmission of ancillary data (e.g., signaling
data transmitted during gaps in a speech signal).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
433 for information from a different source inserted in gaps
occurred in the principle information, particularly subclass
435 for time assignment speech interpolation.
Subclass:
529
Information superimposed on other information:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
in which the signaling information is carried on information
other than the principal information.
Subclass:
530
Staircase wave:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
in which a step wave is used for control purposes.
(1) Note. An example is activating a plurality of gates
sequentially.
Subclass:
531
Magnetic core for switching or storage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
in which magnetic cores are used for switching or storage of
multiplexed data.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, 401
for a saturable reactor system which uses a magnetic core.
340, Communications: Electrical, 825.79 for a selective
matrix which use a magnetic core.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, appropriate
subclasses for magnetic core memory.
Subclass:
532
Multiplexer or distributor and technique for handling low
level input signal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
directed to (a) a scanning or sampling switch (multiplexer)
operating above the Nyquist rate, or to (b) a demultiplexer
or desampling switch (distributor) so operating, and
including a means for improving the accuracy of sampled data,
especially for a low level signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
303 for rotary distributor in low speed asynchronous data
system..
Subclass:
533
Multiplexer or distributor using pulse amplitude modulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
directed to (a) a scanning or sampling switch (multiplexer)
operating above the Nyquist rate, or to (b) a demultiplexer
or desampling switch (distributor) so operating, and in which
the signals respectively from or to the multiplexer or
distributor are transmitting in pulse amplitude modulated
format (PAM).
Subclass:
534
Multiplexer or distributor using electron beam switching
device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
directed to (a) a scanning or sampling switch (multiplexer)
operating above the Nyquist rate, or to (b) a demultiplexer
or desampling switch (distributor) so operating, and
utilizing an electron beam switching device such as a
cathode-ray tube with target electrode for multiplexing or
distribution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
306 for nonmechanical distributor in low speed asynchronous
data system.
Subclass:
535
Multiplexing combined with demultiplexing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
including a system that combines techniques of simultaneous
transmission and reception of plural signals over a common
transmission medium.
Subclass:
536
Demultiplexing single signal into plural parallel channels
(e.g., parallel transmission for increasing transmission
speed):
This subclass is indented under subclass 535. Subject matter
having a means that derive a group of separate channels from
a complex multiplex signal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, 260 for a single pulse
train transmitted over plural channels.
Subclass:
537
Multiplexing plural input channels to a common output
channel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
wherein signals from plural input channels are transmitted by
time multiplex to a common output channel.
Subclass:
538
Plural input channels of different rates to a single common
rate output channel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter
wherein the amount of information transmitted per unit time
in each input channel is different from one to another.
Subclass:
539
Multiple levels of multiplexing to form a multiplex
hierarchy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Subject matter
having more than one multiplexing stage.
Subclass:
540
Plural input channels of same rate to a single common rate
output channel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter
wherein all input channels have same amount of information
transmitted per unit time.
Subclass:
541
Multiple levels of multiplexing to form a multiplex
hierarchy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Subject matter
having more than one multiplexing stage.
Subclass:
542
Demultiplexing single input channel to plural output
channels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
having a means that derives a group of separate channels from
a complex multiplex signal.
Subclass:
543
Different rate output channels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 542. Subject matter
wherein the amount of information transmitted per unit time
in each output channel is different from one to another.
Subclass:
544
Same rate output channels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 542. Subject matter
wherein all output channels have same amount of information
transmitted per unit time.
Subclass:
545
Conversion of rate from a single input to a single output:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter
wherein the multiplex system has only one input and one
output and the amount of information transmitted per unit
time is different at the input and the output
Subclass:
546
MISCELLANEOUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter not provided for above.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
901
WIDE AREA NETWORK:
Art collection of the multiplex communication system
consisting of multiple communication systems interconnected
to form a larger communication system encompassing a larger
area than that provided by any one of the interconnected
communication systems.
Subclass:
902
Packet switching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 901. Subject matter
wherein the information data to be switched by the
communication systems is organized with one or more bytes
preceded by an identification information indicative of a
source or destination station.
Subclass:
903
OSI Compliant Network:
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Subject matter
wherein the communication system complies with a multilayer
reference model as set forth by the Open System
Interconnection standard.
(1) Note. The Open System Interconnection (OSI) Reference
Model recommends a seven-layer model; Layer 1 to 7 are
respectively called: Physical, Data Link, Network,
Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.
(2) Note. The structured layer approach allows partitioning
complex communication rules or protocols into independent
functions which could be individually modified or updated
without destabilizing the entire set of rules or protocols.
Subclass:
904
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN):
This subclass is indented under subclass 903. Subject matter
wherein the OSI compliant network complies with a set of
communication standards for providing integrated voice and
data services to users.
(1) Note. Broadband services are also provided for this set
of standards.
Subclass:
905
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM):
This subclass is indented under subclass 903. Subject matter
wherein asynchronous packetized information is conveyed in
regularly occurring time periods of uniform duration.
Subclass:
906
Fiber Data Distribution Interface (FDDI):
This subclass is indented under subclass 903. Subject matter
wherein the network elements are interconnected by counter
rotating, dual ring fiber optic media wherein the
communication on the network is controlled used a token
passing protocol.
Subclass:
907
Synchronous optical network (SONET):
This subclass is indented under subclass 903. Subject matter
wherein the network is defined by a standard which describes
a point-to-point connection over a fiber optic network which
provides a digital communications hierarchy which resolves
incompatibilities between North America and European digital
hierarchies and is characterized by the STS-1 frame format
which consists of 810 bytes.
Subclass:
908
LOCAL AREA NETWORK:
Art collection of the multiplex communication system wherein
a plurality of user's terminals are interconnected by a
common communication media.
Subclass:
909
Token ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 908. Subject matter
in which an idle or busy signal, indicative of the status of
the communications channel or path, is passed from station to
station on a closed transmission path.
Subclass:
910
Carrier sense multiple access (e.g., Ethernet, 10Base-T):
This subclass is indented under subclass 908. Subject matter
having a reservation scheme for reaching a communication
medium in which a station is assigned a carrier; the idle
state of a communication channel is determined by sensing the
presence or absence of a carrier signal on the channel.
Subclass:
911
Bridge (e.g., brouter, bus extender, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 908. Subject matter
having a device for interconnecting two or more local area
networks.
Subclass:
912
PACKET COMMUNICATIONS:
Art collection of the multiplex communication system wherein
the information data to be communicated by the communication
systems is organized with one or more bytes preceded by an
identification information indicative of a source or
destination station.
Subclass:
913
Wireless or radio:
This subclass is indented under subclass 912. Subject matter
wherein the packets are transmitted or received over free
space.
Subclass:
914
RATE CONVERTER:
Art collection of the multiplex communication system which
receives information at one bit rate and transmit at another
bit rate.
Subclass:
915
TIME DIVISION CELLULAR RADIO SYSTEMS:
Art collection of the multiplex communication system having
plural nonmobile base stations providing service to different
geos:graphical areas which may overlap or may be contiguous,
and wherein mobile stations are in communication with the
nonmobile stations by information signals combined or
distributed via separated time periods on a transmission
medium.
Subclass:
916
MULTIPLEXER/DEMULTIPLEXER:
Art collection of the multiplex communication system
including methods or apparatus for formatting, converting,
combining, or distributing information signals for
transmission or reception via more than one time or frequency
channel.
FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS
The definitions for FOR 100-FOR 196 below correspond to the
definitions for only the following abolished subclasses under
Class 370 from which these collections were formed: 53-57,
58.1-58.3, 59, 60, 60.1, 61-65, 65.5, 66-68, 68.1, 69.1,
70-84, 85.1, 85.11, 85.15, 85.2-85.9, 91-93, 94.1-94.3,
95.1-95.3, 97-99, 100.1, 101-103, 104.1, 105, 105.1-105.5,
106-109, 110.1-110.4, and 111-125. See the Foreign Art
Collection schedule for specific correspondences. {Note: The
titles and definitions for indented art collections include
all the details of the one(s) that are hierarchically
superior.}
Subclass: FOR 100
SIMULTANEOUS TELEGRAPHY AND TELEPHONY: Foreign art collection
including concurrent transmission of bidirectional audio
signal and a pulse information signal over a single
transmission channel.
Subclass: FOR 101
MULTIPLEX SWITCHING: Foreign art collection including
techniques unique to the switching of multiplexed channels,
including multiplexing and subsequent switching of
nonmultiplexed channels.
Subclass: FOR 102
Pathfinding: Foreign art collection including apparatus and
techniques for locating a path through a switching network
from a desired input to a desired output.
Subclass: FOR 103
Drop channel: Foreign art collection including one or more
channels of a multiplexed composite signal removed and
replaced with other channels without demultiplexing all
channels down to base band.
Subclass: FOR 104
Concentrators: Foreign art collection including a switching
device used to reduce the number of transmission channels
required to serve remote stations by allocating a
transmission channel to a remote station only when the remote
station requests service (e.g., by going off hook).
Subclass: FOR 105
FDM switching (frequency division multiplexing): Foreign art
collection including subject matter wherein the signals to be
switched are frequency division multiplexed.
Subclass: FOR 106
TDM switching (time division multiplexing): Foreign art
collection including subject matter in which access to a
transmission medium is divided into discrete time intervals
and information from respective channels is transmitted in
differing time intervals.
Subclass: FOR 107
Control processing: Foreign art collection including
specifics of circuits for controlling the time division
switching.
Subclass: FOR 108
Distributed: Foreign art collection including subject matter
where the control circuits are dispersed throughout the
system.
Subclass: FOR 109
T-S (time-space) or S-T: Foreign art collection including
subject matter in which the switching is organized to have
only a time stage (which reorganized the order of time slots)
and a space stage (which switches time slots on incoming
lines to a desired outgoing line) in either order.
Subclass: FOR 110
Packet or addressed data: Foreign art collection including
subject matter wherein the time division multiplexed data to
be switched is organized with one or more bytes preceded by
an address header.
Subclass: FOR 111
Combined with circuit-switching: Foreign art collection
including subject matter in which packet information is
combined and switched with nonpacket (e.g., synchronous)
data.
Subclass: FOR 112
Store and forward: Foreign art collection including subject
matter in which store and forward facilities are provided.
Subclass: FOR 113
Special services with switching (e.g., conference): Foreign
art collection including the provision of special subscriber
services (i.e., those not normally provided without
additional fees) claimed with multiplex switching.
Subclass: FOR 114
TST (time-space-time): Foreign art collection including
subject matter in which the switching is organized to have
first a time state (one which reorganizes the order of the
time slots) followed by a space stage (which switches time
slots on incoming lines to the desired outgoing lines)
followed by another time stage.
Subclass: FOR 115
STS (space-time-space): Foreign art collection including
subject matter in which the switching is organized to have
first a space stage (one which switches time slots on
incoming lines to a desired outgoing line) followed by a time
stage (which reorganizes the order of the time slots)
followed by another space stage.
Subclass: FOR 116
Folded network: Foreign art collection including subject
matter in which an equivalent N-stage switch is achieved with
less than N-stages by "folding" back the output of one stage
to connect with the input of a preceding stage.
Subclass: FOR 117
Space stage, per se: Foreign art collection including
structure of a stage which switches incoming lines to
outgoing lines.
Subclass: FOR 118
Time only: Foreign art collection including subject matter in
which information in time slots of incoming lines is switched
to desired destinations only by storing or delaying the
information until the desired instant of readout.
Subclass: FOR 119
Bus switch: Foreign art collection including subject matter
in which time switching occurs by connecting the lines to be
connected to a common bus for a time sufficient to transfer
information between the lines (e.g., one time slot).
Subclass: FOR 120
Time slot interchangers, per se: Foreign art collection
including subject matter having a particular time slot
interchanger/ structure.
Subclass: FOR 121
With signalling feature: Foreign art collection including
subject matter having signalling equipment located at a
switching exchange facility of a time division multiplex
network.
Subclass: FOR 122
FREQUENCY DIVISION: Foreign art collection including subject
matter in which the frequency spectrum of the transmission
medium is divided into segments and respective information
channels are transmitted in differing segments.
Subclass: FOR 123
Multiple frequency translations: Foreign art collection
including subject matter in which multiple translations in
frequency are performed on at least one information signal in
a frequency division multiplex system.
Subclass: FOR 124
Carrier generation: Foreign art collection including subject
matter features specific to a carrier generator.
Subclass: FOR 125
Angle modulation: Foreign art collection including subject
matter in which at least one carrier in a frequency division
multiplex system is angle modulated.
Subclass: FOR 126
Filtering techniques: Foreign art collection including
subject matter in which devices that allow signals of certain
frequencies to pass are employed for signal combination or
separation in a frequency division multiplex system.
Subclass: FOR 127
Digital analysis or synthesis of group: Foreign art
collection including subject matter in which an FDM composite
spectrum is produced or resolved into its constituent
channels by digital processing techniques.
Subclass: FOR 128
Subscriber carrier: Foreign art collection including subject
matter in which additional individual subscriber service is
provided by adding carrier channels to an existing
communication line.
Subclass: FOR 129
Connecting filters: Foreign art collection including subject
matter in which arrangements of filters or filtering
techniques are employed for signal combination or
separation.
Subclass: FOR 130
Program distribution: Foreign art collection including
subject matter wherein program information (e.g., commercial
radio broadcast) is distributed over a carrier system.
Subclass: FOR 131
Bus (distributed stations): Foreign art collection including
subject matter in which information is transferred over one
or more frequency division busses shared by a plurality of
distributed stations.
Subclass: FOR 132
Pilot: Foreign art collection including subject matter in
which at least one pilot signal is transmitted for control
purposes, e.g., A.G.C., doppler correction.
Subclass: FOR 133
Repeaters: Foreign art collection including subclass matter
including a repeater having features unique to frequency
division multiplexing.
Subclass: FOR 134
Signalling: Foreign art collection including means for
transmitting signalling information ancillary to the
principal information being transmitted, e.g., E and M
signalling.
Subclass: FOR 135
TIME DIVISION: Foreign art collection including subject
matter in which access to the transmission medium is divided
into discrete time intervals, and information from respective
channels is transmitted in differing time intervals.
Subclass: FOR 136
Polarity multiplex: Foreign art collection including subject
matter in which positive and negative half cycles of a
carrier wave are respectively modulated independently by
signals from different sources.
Subclass: FOR 137
Adaptive systems: Foreign art collection including subject
matter in which the transmission format (a) changes or adapts
automatically, (b) is programmed for changing traffic
requirements, or (c) accommodates a plurality of sources
having diverse characteristics, (e.g., rates, data format).
Subclass: FOR 138
Only active channels transmitted: Foreign art collection
including subject matter in which the system adapts to
changing traffic conditions by sending only data from active
channels and by suppressing data from inactive channels.
Subclass: FOR 139
TASI (time assigned speech interpolation): Foreign art
collection including subject matter in which time assigned
speech interpolation (TASI) is used to transmit only active
channels.
Subclass: FOR 140
Frame length: Foreign art collection including subject matter
in which the frame length adapts to changes in traffic
conditions.
Subclass: FOR 141
Byte length: Foreign art collection including subject matter
in which the byte length adapts to changes in traffic
conditions.
Subclass: FOR 142
Rate: Foreign art collection including subject matter (a) in
which the bit rate per channel transmitted adapts to changes
in traffic conditions or (b) in which different data rates
are accommodated.
Subclass: FOR 143
Bus transmission: Foreign art collection including subject
matter in which information is transferred to over one or
more conductors which form time division communication paths
between a plurality of terminals.
Subclass: FOR 144
Contention: Foreign art collection including subject matter
having means to resolve situations in which plural stations
attempt to gain access to the bus in the same time slot.
Subclass: FOR 145
Carrier sense: Foreign art collection including subject
matter in which the idle state of the bus is determined by
sensing the presence or absence of a carrier signal on the
bus.
Subclass: FOR 146
Token passing: Foreign art collection including subject
matter in which a signal (token) indicative of the occupancy
of the communication channel is used to control access to the
communication channel.
Subclass: FOR 147
Loop or ring: Foreign art collection including subject matter
in which the token passing access technique is used in
transmission paths having an output continuously fed back to
an input.
Subclass: FOR 148
Priority: Foreign art collection including subject matter in
which a particular order of transmission is assigned to
stations or information.
Subclass: FOR 149
Variable channel assignment: Foreign art collection including
subject matter in which allocations of information channels
to transmission channels may be changed based upon changing
demands.
Subclass: FOR 150
Polling: Foreign art collection including subject matter in
which individual terminals are queried to determine if access
to the transmission medium is needed for the transfer of
information.
Subclass: FOR 151
Plural bus: Foreign art collection including subject matter
in which more than one bus is used to convey information
between stations.
Subclass: FOR 152
With separate control bus: Foreign art collection including
subject matter in which a separate bus is provided to
transmit control information to the station (e.g., clock,
address or control busses).
Subclass: FOR 153
Loop or ring: Foreign art collection including subject matter
in which plural concentric loop or ring busses are used to
convey information between stations.
Subclass: FOR 154
Bridge between bus systems: Foreign art collection including
subject matter in which a connector (bridge) is used to
interconnect separate bus communication systems.
Subclass: FOR 155
Interconnection between ring or loop: Foreign art collection
including subject matter in which a connector (bridge) is
used to interconnect separate transmission circuits having an
output continuously fed back to an input.
Subclass: FOR 156
Loop or ring: Foreign art collection including subject matter
in which the bus for communicating between stations is
configured in a closed loop.
Subclass: FOR 157
Asynchronous and nonsynchronous: Foreign art collection
including subject matter in which a channel allocated a
transmission interval on an irregular basis.
Subclass: FOR 158
Address transmitted: Foreign art collection including subject
matter in which address information accompanies the
transmission of data.
Subclass: FOR 159
Multiple access, discrete address: Foreign art collection
including subject matter which permits multiple access to a
transmission medium by identifying each transmitter and/or
receiver with a discrete address.
Subclass: FOR 160
Packet: Foreign art collection including subject matter in
which time division multiplexed data is organized with one or
more bytes preceded by an address header.
Subclass: FOR 161
Combined with synchronous information: Foreign art collection
including subject matter in which packet information is
combined with data for causing the transmission and reception
of time division multiplex information to have proper time
relationship.
Subclass: FOR 162
Star, tree, or mesh networks: Foreign art collection
including subject matter in which the network over which the
packets are to be transmitted consists of switching nodes,
wherein the nodes are interconnected to form a star-shaped,
tree-shaped, or mesh-shaped network.
Subclass: FOR 163
Variable channel assignment: Foreign art collection including
subject matter in which the allocation of information
channels to transmission channels occurs on an as-needed
(i.e., nondedicated) basis.
Subclass: FOR 164
Polling: Foreign art collection including subject matter in
which individual terminals are queried to determine if they
need access to the transmission medium for the transfer of
information.
Subclass: FOR 165
Time division multiple access: Foreign art collection
including subject matter having a reservation scheme for
access to a communication media in which any station is
assigned a vacant time slot channel in a time division
multiplex frame on the media in response to that station's
request for access and the assignment lasting until it is
withdrawn.
Subclass: FOR 166
TDM pulse repeater: Foreign art collection including
repeaters which use time division multiplexing techniques.
Subclass: FOR 167
Pilot: Foreign art collection including a signal (pilot)
separable from the usual information transmitted which signal
is utilized for control, maintenance, or improvement of
signal quality.
Subclass: FOR 168
Byte assembly and formatting: Foreign art collection
including subject matter in which received data is assembled
into a particular data format either with or without format
conversion.
Subclass: FOR 169
Synchronizing: Foreign art collection including means for
insuring that the transmission and reception of time division
multiplex information has the proper time relationship.
Subclass: FOR 170
Reference indication consists of a gap: Foreign art
collection including subject matter in which synchronization
is achieved by identifying the absence of data transmission
for a predetermined interval (i.e., a gap) and using that
absence to identify a reference point within a transmission
interval.
Subclass: FOR 171
Pulse stuffing or deletion: Foreign art collection including
subject matter wherein synchronization of a pulse train is
achieved by stuffing extra pulses into the train when pulses
arrive too slow or deleting pulses from the train when pulses
arrive too fast.
Subclass: FOR 172
Mutual (reciprocal) synchronization: Foreign art collection
including subject matter wherein the clock frequency
adjustment of one station is based upon information about the
status of clock signals originating at other stations of the
system.
Subclass: FOR 173
Moving satellite: Foreign art collection which includes means
for the synchronization of stations used in a satellite
communications system.
Subclass: FOR 174
Distributed: Foreign art collection including subject matter
in which the synchronization word or words are spread out
within a frame or over plural frames.
Subclass: FOR 175
Frame: Foreign art collection including subject matter in
which synchronization is performed on a cycle of a recurring
number of data bits (frame) rather than on the individual
channels or bits in the frame.
Subclass: FOR 176
Channel: Foreign art collection including subject matter in
which synchronization is performed on each individual channel
as a whole.
Subclass: FOR 177
Bit phase or jitter: Foreign art collection including subject
matter which corrects for errors in the time of occurrence of
transmitted pulses.
Subclass: FOR 178
Unique synchronization word: Foreign art collection including
subject matter in which the synchronization word has an
unique code or bit sequence.
Subclass: FOR 179
Unique synchronization pulse: Foreign art collection
including subject matter in which a synchronization bit has a
width, amplitude, phase, or other property which serves to
distinguish the synchronization bit from data bits.
Subclass: FOR 180
Plural synchronizing words: Foreign art collection including
subject matter in which a plurality of different
synchronizing words are utilized.
Subclass: FOR 181
Pseudo-random: Foreign art collection including subject
matter in which a maximal length binary sequence is utilized
for achieving synchronization.
Subclass: FOR 182
Including delay device: Foreign art collection including
subject matter in which the timing of transmission or
reception is determined by propagation of one or more pulses
down a delay device.
Subclass: FOR 183
Time compression or expansion: Foreign art collection
including subject matter where information is read out at a
faster rate than it is stored, resulting in a time
compression, or conversely where it is stored at a faster
rate than it is read out, resulting in a time expansion.
Subclass: FOR 184
Signalling (ancillary to main information): Foreign art
collection including subject matter with means for
transmitting and/or detecting signalling information
ancillary to the principal information transmitted by the
system (e.g., dial pulse, on-hook/off-hook, and ringing
information all ancillary to the information conveyed by a
telephone call).
Subclass: FOR 185
Digital tone signal generation: Foreign art collection
including a generator which creates a digital signal which
represents a tone or a wave signal.
Subclass: FOR 186
Digital tone detection: Foreign art collection including a
detector of digital tone or digital wave signals.
Subclass: FOR 187
Superimposed or modulated on principal information: Foreign
art collection including subject matter in which the
signalling information is superimposed or modulated on the
principal information.
Subclass: FOR 188
Inserted in gaps in main information: Foreign art collection
including subject matter in which gaps in the principal
information transmitted are used for the transmission of
ancillary data, e.g., signalling data transmitted during gaps
in a speech signal.
Subclass: FOR 189
Multiplexers/distributors (hierarchy and level): Foreign art
collection including subject matter directed to scanning or
sampling switches (multiplexers) operating above the Nyquist
rate, or to demultiplexers or desampling switches
(distributors) so operating.
Subclass: FOR 190
Apparatus and techniques for handling low level input
signals: Foreign art collection including means for improving
the accuracy of sampled data, especially for low level
signals.
Subclass: FOR 191
Pulse amplitude modulation: Foreign art collection including
subject matter in which the signals respectively from or to
the multiplexer or distributor are transmitting in pulse
amplitude modulated format (PAM).
Subclass: FOR 192
Electron beam switching device: Foreign art collection
including subject matter utilizing an electron beam switching
device such as a cathode-ray tube with target electrode for
multiplexing or distribution.
Subclass: FOR 193
Staircase wave: Foreign art collection including subject
matter in which a step wave is used for control purposes such
as activating a plurality of gates sequentially.
Subclass: FOR 194
Magnetic core for switching or storage: Foreign art
collection including subject matter in which magnetic cores
are used for switching or storage of multiplexed data.
Subclass: FOR 195
TRANSMISSION BANDWIDTH CONSERVATION: Foreign art collection
including subject matter having means for providing more
information per unit time on a given transmission medium.
Subclass: FOR 196
MISCELLANEOUS: Foreign art collection including subject
matter not provided for above.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000