U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 338
ELECTRICAL RESISTORS
Class Definition:
GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE CLASS SUBJECT MATTER:
A. This class includes electrical resistors as above defined
with solid, granular, or liquid resistance elements. These
resistors may be either fixed or variable in resistance
value, examples of the latter being rheostats and
potentiometers. Semiconductors are included if limited by
claimed subject matter to resistance properties, such as
exists in photoconductive and thermistor type resistors.
Excluded are conductors and insulators, which while including
a resistive characteristic have other predominating
characteristics.
B. Included also are resistors with perfecting structure not
elsewhere classified such as resistors whose resistance value
is temperature compensated, or resistors mounted on wheels or
on a vehicle, resistors with heat dissipating projections, or
with cooling gas or liquid circulation, or with heat storing,
or with inductance or capacity reducing, or with electrical
shields, or with a cleaner or a setting indicator in a
mechanically variable resistor, or with a casing or housing,
or with protecting structure spaced from the element, or with
mounting or supporting means.
C. Included also are resistors combined with or incorporated
in other structure not elsewhere classifiable, such as
resistors with certain diverse nonelectrical devices, for
example, mechanical or chemical; or resistors in, on, or with
certain electrical devices such as a lamp socket or lamp
base, or an electric switch, or a coaxial line or wave guide,
or a detachable electrical connector.
D. Included also are resistors constructed as by shape or
from material to change their resistance value particularly
well in response to a particular condition or change in a
particular condition such as current and/or voltage, as for
example nonlinear and negative resistors; or ambient
temperature; or a magnetic field; or gas, vapor, or moisture;
or resistors of the strain gauge or photoconductive type.
Included also are resistors usually of the mechanically
variable type together with a condition sensing actuator
which changes the mechanical adjustment of the resistor in
response to a condition or a change in condition. Examples
of such actuators are a magnetic compass, a float, a piston,
a Bourdon tube, a bellows or capsule, a diaphragm, a gravity
stabilized or inertia type actuator, or a force sensing
actuator.
E. Subcombinations and components of resistors not otherwise
classifiable, such as resistance element cores and frames,
resistance elements of particular shape or dimensions, and
movable contact structures for variable resistors.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Certain devices, at least quasi-resistive in character, are
not classified here. Electric space discharge devices which
may exhibit a resistance characteristic between terminals are
classified elsewhere. Numerous different types of active
solid-state devices, e.g., semiconductor, devices or
components whose electrical resistance varies nonlinearly due
to the movement of charge carriers - electrons or holes -
which undergo energy level changes within the material (as
contrasted with the passive or pure resistors found in Class
338) are classified elsewhere. Negative resistors of the
active element type are classified elsewhere. Resistors
specific to telephone use, including those of the microphone,
its electrodes, and granules are classified elsewhere. (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
(1) PLURAL RESISTORS AS DEFINED IN THE CLASS DEFINITION
Two or more mechanically or electrically related resistors
are classified here as a residual home. For plural
photoconductive resistors; plural separate diverse resistors;
plural mechanically adjustable resistors; plural incased,
embedded, or housed resistors; and for plural supported
resistors see Subclass References to the Current Class,
below. Regulation systems including a plurality of resistors
are classified elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes,
below.)
(2) RESISTORS COMBINED WITH OR INCORPORATED IN OTHER
DEVICES:
As stated in the Class Definition, E, above, this class
includes resistors combined with or incorporated in other
structure when not elsewhere classifiable. For resistors with
a restricted type of heat reflector; for a resistor with a
diverse nonelectrical device, e.g., mechanical or chemical;
for resistors in or on a lamp socket or base; for a resistor
with a switch; for a resistor in a coaxial line or wave
guide; and for a resistor in a detachable electrical
connector see Subclass References to the Current Class,
below.
The combination of the resistor with or in other structure is
very common. A partial list of the classes and subclasses
including this combination is given in References To Other
Classes, below, referenced to this section.
(3) RESISTANCE COMPONENTS AND SUBCOMBINATIONS:
As stated in the Class Definition, E, above, this class
includes subcombinations and components of resistors not
otherwise classifiable. For contact structure adapted to
move along the length of a resistance element in a
mechanically variable resistor and making an electrical
connection with the element; resistance element cores and
frames; and for resistance elements and bases of particular
configuration and/or dimension see Subclass References to the
Current Class, below. In References to Other Classes, below,
see the references to this section for the classification of
the more common subject matter which may constitute a part or
subcombination or a resistor.
(4) DEVICES SIMULATING RESISTORS:
Dissipating terminations for long lines; artificial lines;
negative resistance networks of the active element type; and
for resonators of the distributed parameter type are
classified elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes,
below.)
(5) METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING RESISTORS:
This class does not provide for methods of making resistors.
This subject matter is classified elsewhere, (A) when
involving a metal working process; or (B) when involving a
metal working process combined with a nonmetal working
process, if not otherwise classifiable; or (C) when the
process is not otherwise classifiable. See References to
Other Classes, below, for a field of search for methods of
making resistors. Apparatus for assembling electrical
resistors are classified elsewhere. Methods and apparatus
for making a resistor coil which is a composite of a core and
a winding thereabout are classified elsewhere. (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
(6) MEASURING AND TESTING RESISTORS:
This class does not provide for either methods of or
apparatus for measuring and testing resistors. If the
measuring or testing involves determining the resistance or
conductivity of the resistor, classification is elsewhere.
If the measuring or testing is of a mechanical nature or not
otherwise classified, classification is elsewhere. See
elsewhere for a field of search for measuring and testing.
(See References to Other Classes, below.)
(7) ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE HEATERS:
Resistors classified in Class 338 in performing their current
impeding function produce heat, as do the resistance heaters
classified in Class 219, Electric Heating. In the resistors
classified in Class 338 the heat produced is incidental or
undesired; or is utilized internally only to modify in some
manner, as in a thermistor, the temperature of the resistor
to in turn modify the current impeding characteristic of the
resistor. In the resistance heaters classified in Class 219
the heat produced is put to some external use as opposed to
mere dissipation or internal heating of the resistance
element. Thus, in general, the resistance heaters in Class
219 include significant structure, shape or arrangement to
produce and convert the heat to a useful purpose, as to
direct or distribute the heat in a particular manner. The
following paragraphs cover the more common situations arising
between these two classes.
(A) The mere designation of the claimed structure as a heater
or heater element, such a toaster or a blanket, or the broad
recitation in the claim of intended use or adaption for
heating purposes or for use with structure to be heated is
not sufficient for classification in Class 219.
(B) The recitation of the device to be heated in
combination with the heating resistor is classified in Class
219 rather than in Class 338. Likewise classification is in
Class 219 when the resistor is shaped or otherwise adapted to
conform to the structure to be heated to facilitate the
transfer of heat to this structure, such shape or adaption
not having general utility.
(C) The combination of a resistor and a casing of good heat
conducting material is classified in Class 338. For
classification in Class 219 as indicated above the heating
resistor with its casing must be adapted as by shape to
transfer, distribute, or direct the heat in a particular
manner or pattern.
(D) Resistors whose elements are formed as fabrics or pads
are classified in Class 338. However, if the fabric or pad
is shaped or dimensioned to constitute a particular heating
device, such as an article of clothing or a blanket
classification is in Class 219. Mere fabrics including metal
of resistance material, as when the resistance terminals are
not claimed is classified elsewhere.
(E) The combination of a resistor and structure to facilitate
the external heating effect of the resistor, such as a
reflector, is classified in Class 219. Likewise Class 219
includes those resistors which are shaped to produce a
desired heating effect or distribution. Resistors including
reflectors which direct heat on the resistance element are
classified herein (see Subclass References to the Current
Class, below).
(F) A few structures such as liquid resistance heaters and
liquid cooled resistors, may be considered either resistance
heaters for Class 219 or resistors for Class 338. These
structures are classified in accordance with the recited use
and background.
(8) RESISTANCE FURNACES:
Electric furnaces combined with the heating resistors, as a
resistor with the furnace wall; or includes resistors which
are formed to constitute at least part of a furnace, as being
hollow to form a muffle or being recessed to form a crucible;
or includes resistors which are peculiar to an electric
furnace, as having the shape of the furnace, such shape
having no significance elsewhere are classified elsewhere.
(9) RESISTORS FORMED BY COATING OR LAMINATING:
Processes of forming electrical products when formed by a
coating process, per se, and when formed by a laminating
step, per se, are classified elsewhere. A plurality of
layers of laminated or coated material, one layer being a
resistance element and the other layer or layers being
terminals, no particular structure being recited, but usually
only particular materials, are classified elsewhere, even
though the terminals and resistance elements are claimed by
such names. See this class (338) for a resistor whose
element is coated on a base and for resistors with terminals
coated on, together with significant resistance structure
such as a particular shape. (See Subclass References to the
Current Class and References to Other Classes, below.)
(10) CONDUITS, CABLES, AND CONDUCTORS WITH RESISTIVE
MATERIAL:
Conduits, cables, and conductors where the conducting part is
a resistor or a helical resistor are classified elsewhere.
Such claimed terms as resistance, resistance element, helical
resistance, coil resistance, or a terminal at one end of a
sheathed resistor do not preclude classification elsewhere.
However, when the conducting element in such conduits,
cables, or conductors is recited as being of a material which
is essentially resistive such as iron, classification is in
Class 338. Likewise when significant resistance structure or
configuration such as the resistor having a zigzag pattern,
or being wound on a core is recited, classification is in
Class 338. Conduits, cables or conductors with a nominally
resistive or helically resistive element together with end
structure and cables whose conducting elements are nominally
resistive or helically resistive are classified elsewhere.
The claimed combination of a resistor broadly with end
structure or terminals at each end is classified in Class
338.
(11) ELECTRICAL CONNECTORS WITH RESISTIVE CONDUCTORS:
The combination of an electrical connector and lead
conductor, the lead conductor being nominally claimed as
being resistive, is classified elsewhere. If the lead
conductor is recited as being of significant resistor
structure or material, such as a zigzag shape or of iron
material, classification is in Class 338. The combination of
a nominally recited resistive conductor with an electrical
connector at each end is classified in this class (338). The
inclusion of additional connectors cooperable with the
connector or connectors on the resistance element does not
preclude classification in Class 338. (See Subclass
References to the Current Class and References to Other
Classes, below.)
(12) SEMICONDUCTORS:
Semiconductors are classified in Class 338 if possessing only
resistance characteristics. Such semiconductors may be
photoconductive or may be of the thermistor type (see
Subclass References to the Current Class, below). However, if
the semiconductor has other more comprehensive
characteristics, classification is elsewhere. Numerous
different types of active solid-state devices, e.g.,
semiconductor, devices or components whose electrical
resistance varies nonlinearly due to the movement of charge
carriers - electrons or holes - which undergo energy level
changes within the material (as contrasted with the passive
or pure resistors found in Class 338) elsewhere. (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
(13) MEASURING AND TESTING DEVICES WITH VARIABLE RESISTORS:
This Class 338 provides generally for resistors which are
shaped or chemically constituted to change their resistance
value in response to a condition or change in condition, or
for mechanically variable resistors combined with a condition
sensing actuator. However, when additional structure is
claimed for indicating the change in resistance value as a
meter for measuring the current passing through the
resistance element, or a Wheatstone bridge arrangement
including the resistance element as one of the arms, the
combination is classified as a measuring or testing device.
Distance measuring devices and gauges, namely, a condition
responsive resistor and an indicating device or circuit are
classified elsewhere; moisture content and stress and strain
measuring devices, dynamometers, liquid level or depth
gauges, hygrometers, and fluid pressure gauges including this
combination are classified elsewhere; a thermometer including
this combination is classified elsewhere; and time and/or
speed measuring devices including this combination are
classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes,
below. See also the reference to Class 338 in References to
Other Classes in the Class Definitions of Class 73.
(14) RESISTANCE COMPONENTS AND SUBCOMBINATIONS:
This class (338) provides for resistance components and
subcombinations which are not otherwise classifiable. This
class (338) includes resistance cores or frames including a
base usually of insulating material on which a resistance
element may be wound or otherwise strung. As between this
class (338) and the insulators of special application in
other classes, this class (338) includes insulators which are
constituent parts of the resistor as to have a resistance
element wound or strung thereon. However, an insulator for
supporting a resistance wire at one point thereon, this wire
being strung in space in the manner of an aerial conductor is
not classified here, but elsewhere. Resistive cable supports
and brackets are classified elsewhere.
Boxes and housings which may constitute resistor housings
which are limited by claimed structure to electrical use and
not otherwise classifiable are classified elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 2+ and 13+, for resistors which are shaped or
chemically constituted to change their resistance value in
response to a condition or change in condition, or for
mechanically variable resistors combined with a condition
sensing actuator.
11 for resistors with a restricted type of heat reflector
and for resistors including reflectors which direct heat on
the resistance element.
subclasses 13+ for subcombinations of devices and gauges,
no indicator being claimed; but only claiming the resistor
responsive to a condition or with a condition sensing
actuator.
subclasses 15+ for photoconductive semiconductors.
17 for plural photoconductive resistors.
subclasses 22+ for thermistor type semiconductors.
48 for plural separate diverse resistors.
67 for a resistor with a diverse nonelectrical device, e.g.,
mechanical or chemical.
subclasses 70+ and 219, for resistors in or on a lamp
socket or base.
76 and 128+ for plural mechanically adjustable resistors.
subclasses 200+ and 215, for a resistor with a switch.
202 for contact structure adapted to move along the length
of a resistance element in a mechanically variable resistor
and making an electrical connection with the element.
215 for resistance elements and bases of particular
configuration and/or dimension.
216 for a resistor in a coaxial line or wave guide.
220 for a resistor in a detachable electrical connector.
235 239, and 260+ for plural incased, embedded, or housed
resistors.
subclasses 308+ for a resistor whose element is coated on a
base.
309 and 327, for resistors with terminals coated on,
together with significant resistance structure such as a
particular shape.
319 and 320 for plural supported resistors.
321 for resistance element cores and frames.
321 for resistance cores or frames including a base usually
of insulating material on which a resistance element may be
wound or otherwise strung.
subclasses 322+ for the claimed combination of a resistor
broadly with end structure or terminals at each end.
subclasses 322+ for combination of a nominally recited
resistive conductor with an electrical connector at each
end.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 610.1 for methods of making
resistors (A) when involving a metal working process; or (B)
when involving a metal working process combined with a
nonmetal working process, if not otherwise classifiable; or
(C) when the process is not otherwise classifiable;
subclasses 729+ for apparatus for assembling electrical
resistor. See the search notes under subclass 610.1+. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, (5), "Methods
Of and Apparatus for Making Resistors," above.)
33, Geometrical Instruments, for geometrical instruments
which may use an electrical resistor, especially subclasses
125+, for distance determining devices; subclasses 174+, for
limit gauges; and subclasses 204+, for direction indicators.
(See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, (6),
"Measuring and Testing Devices With Variable Resistors,"
above.)
33, Geometrical Instruments, especially subclasses 125+ and
174+ for distance measuring devices and gauges which may
include a resistor. See this class (338) for subcombinations
of such devices and gauges, no indicator being claimed; but
only claiming the resistor responsive to a condition or with
a condition sensing actuator. (See Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, (2), "Resistors Combined With or
Incorporated in Other Devices" and (13), "Measuring and
Testing Devices With Variable Resistors.")
73, Measuring and Testing, for measuring and testing devices
generally, especially subclass 29, for moisture content or
vapor pressure gas analysis; subclasses 308 and 453, for
float actuated electrical indicators; subclasses 763+ for an
electrical stress or strain measuring system; subclasses
862.38+, for push or pull measuring dynamometers; subclass
301, for hydrostatic pressure electrically controlled
indicators; subclass 304, for liquid level or depth gauge of
the immersible electrode type; subclass 313, for a float
actuated electrical controlled indicator; subclass 336.5, for
hygrometers with electrical circuits; and subclasses 717+,
723+, and 753+, for fluid pressure gauges of the current
generating or modifying type. (See Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, (6), "Measuring and Testing
Resistors," and (7), "Electrical Resistance Heaters,"
above.)
73, Measuring and Testing, especially subclass 29, 73+, 301,
304, 308, 313, 336.5, 453, 719, 725, 734, 746, 750, 763+, and
862.391, for measuring and and testing devices such as stress
and strain measuring devices, dynamometers, liquid level or
depth gauges, hygrometers, and fluid pressure gauges, all of
which may include an electrical resistor. See subclasses 2+
and 13+ in this class (338) for subcombinations of such
devices, no indicator or circuit arrangement being claimed;
but only claiming the resistor responsive to a condition or
with a condition sensing actuator. (See Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, (2), "Resistors Combined With
or Incorporated in Other Devices," and (13), "Measuring and
Testing Devices With Variable Resistors.")
73, Measuring and Testing, for measuring or testing of a
mechanical nature or not otherwise classified. See also the
search notes in this Class 73 for a field of search for
measuring and testing. (Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, (6), "Measuring And Testing Resistors.")
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 10+ for shaft
operators of the radio tuner type analogous to variable
electrical resistors of the shaft operated type.
105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 61 for electric railway
cars including a controlling resistor.
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 148 for high
tension ignition circuits for internal combustion engines
which may include a resistor.
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, subclass
89 for primary batteries of the photoelectric type.
137, Fluid Handling, especially subclasses 227+ for tire
stem inflation means with a gauge or indicator; and
subclasses 786 and 793+ for expansible chamber fluid handling
devices of the bellows or capsule type.
139, Textiles: Weaving, subclass 425 for woven fabrics
including metal which may be resistive.
139, Textiles: Weaving, subclass 425 for fabrics including
resistive metal. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, (3), "Resistance Components And
Subcombinations")
139, Textiles: Weaving, subclass 425, for mere fabrics
including metal of resistance material, as when the
resistance terminals are not claimed. (See Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, (7), "Electrical Resistance
Heaters," (D), above.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 47+ for making and/or joining of electrical
conductors of indefinite length.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
for processes of forming electrical products formed by a
laminating step, per se. (See Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, (9) "Resistors Formed by Coating or
Laminating".)
166, Wells, subclass 60 and 61 for electrical heaters
located and used in wells.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 3.2
for anti-inductive electrical conductors; subclasses 17+ and
50+ for boxes and housings limited by claimed structure to
electrical use and not otherwise classifiable; subclasses
68.1+ for conduits, cables and conductors generally; and
subclass 138 for insulators which may be used with resistors.
(See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, (10),
"Conduits, Cables, and Conductors With Resistive Material,"
and (14) "Resistance Components And Subcombinations,"
above.)
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclasses 74+
for conduits, cables, or conductors together with the end
structure at one end of the conduit, cable, or conductor, no
significant resistor structure being claimed; subclasses
102+, 110+ and 126.1+ for cables and conductors whose
conducting part may be claimed as resistive; and subclass 138
for insulators of special application such as those around or
through which resistance wire may be led, the wire not being
claimed. The combination of the end structure at both ends
of the conduit cable or conductor when the conduit cable or
cable is even claimed broadly as a resistor or resistive is
not classified in Class 174, but in Class 338. (See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, (3), "Resistance
Components and Subcombinations" and (10) "Conduits, Cables,
and Conductors With Resistive Material," above. )
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, for conduits,
cables, and conductors where the conducting part is a
resistor or a helical resistor. Such claimed terms as
resistance, resistance element, helical resistance, coil
resistance, or a terminal at one end of a sheathed resistor
do not preclude classification in Class 174. (See Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, (10) "Conduits, Cables,
and Conductors With Resistive Material, " above.)
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 138
for insulators of special application; also for supporting a
resistance wire at one point thereon, this wire being strung
in space in the manner of an aerial conductor. See also the
Search Notes under subclass 138. (Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, (14), "Resistance Components and
Subcombinations")
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclasses 74+,
for conduits, cables or conductors with a nominally resistive
or helically resistive element together with end structure.
(See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, (10)
"Conduits, Cables, and Conductors With Resistive Material,"
above.)
178, Telegraphy, appropriate subclasses, for telegraph
systems including resistors.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 77, for motor vehicles
including electric controlling devices which may be
resistors.
188, Brakes, subclass 86 for fluid and mechanical internal
resistance brakes including dashpots.
191, Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles, subclasses 45+
for electrical collectors carried by a vehicle or other
moving body, and subclasses 53, 56 and 63+ for trolley
collectors involving rolling contractors.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, especially
subclasses 52+ for switches of special application;
subclasses 81+ for fluid pressure operated switches;
subclasses 113+ for thermal current operated type switches;
and subclass 144 for arc preventing and extinguishing
switches which may use a resistor. ( See Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, (2), "Resistors Combined With
Or Incorporated In Other Devices," above.)
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 144
for arc preventing or extinguishing switches including
resistors. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, (2), "Resistors Combined With or Incorporated in Other
Devices," above.)
211, Supports: Racks, appropriate subclasses, for supports
for a plurality of resistors.
216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, subclass 16 for the
manufacturing of a resistive element using etching.
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 50+ for metal heating
with a resistor and subclasses 19+ for electrical heaters.
(See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, (7),
"Electrical Resistance Heaters," above, for the lines between
Class 219 and 338.)
220, Receptacles, subclass 2.1 for envelopes used with
electric lamps or similar devices; subclasses 3.2+ for outlet
or junction box type enclosures; and subclasses 24+ for
metallic closures generally.
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation,
appropriate subclasses, for automatic temperature controls
which may include resistors, especially the subclasses found
under THERMOSTATIC.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 600+ and
118+ for a spool upon which a resistor may be wound, usually
for temporary storage, and subclasses 430+ for the method and
apparatus, respectively, of winding a resistor coil to form a
composite article. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, (5), "Methods Of and Apparatus for Making
Resistors, above.")
245, Wire Fabrics and Structure, subclasses 2+ for wire
fabrics which may be of resistance material.
248, Supports, especially subclasses 49+ provides for
resistive cable supports and 200+ for supports and brackets
which may be used with resistors, or for the combination of a
nominal resistor with support details. (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, (14), "Resistance Components
and Subcombinations")
250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 200+ for photo-cell
circuits and apparatus.
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses, for ray energy
systems including resistors. (See Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, (2), "Resistors Combined With or
Incorporated In Other Devices, " above.)
252, Compositions, subclasses 500+ for electrically
conductive or emissive compositions, which may be resistive;
subclass 567 for a web or sheet impregnated with a fluent
dielectric; and subclasses 570+ for a fluent dielectric
composition, per se.
252, Compositions, subclass 62.2 for electrolytes for
electrical devices; subclasses 500+ for resistive
compositions. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, (3), "Resistance Components and Subcombinations,"
above.)
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes, for numerous different types of active
solid-state devices, e.g., semiconductor, devices or
components whose electrical resistance varies nonlinearly due
to the movement of charge carriers - electrons or holes -
which undergo energy level changes within the material.
(Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, above, and
also see in Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
(12), " Semiconductors, " above.)
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 89+ for anti-inductive means to prevent or
reduce the coupling between electrical systems; and
subclasses 112+ for switching systems which may include a
resistor and switch combination.
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
appropriate subclasses, for electrical transmission or
interconnection systems not elsewhere classified including
resistors. (See alLines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, (2), "Resistors Combined With or Incorporated in Other
Devices, " above.)
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclasses 219+
for rotor type current collectors for dynamoelectric
devices.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, for electric lamp
and discharge devices utilizing an envelope enclosing a
vacuum or gaseous space; especially subclass 14 for
pyro-electric temperature modifier type devices; and
subclasses 341+ for filaments or resistance heated
electrodes.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, for electric space
discharge devices which may exhibit a resistance
characteristic between terminals. (Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, above.)
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, appropriate
subclasses, for electric lamps and discharge devices
including resistance heating or heated filaments. (See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, (2), "Resistors
Combined With or Incorporated in Other Devices.")
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, for
electric lamp and discharge device systems which may include
a resistor as an element of the system; and especially
subclasses 3-3.6 and 8-31, for cathode ray tube circuits
including resistors; and subclasses 32+ for a discharge
device load with a resistor.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, especially
subclasses 3-3.6 and 8-31, for cathode-ray tube circuits
including resistors; and subclasses 32+ for a discharge
device load with a resistor. (See Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, (2), "Resistors Combined With or
Incorporated in Other Devices," above.)
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate
subclasses, for electrical motive power systems including the
combination of a electric motor controlled by a resistor.
See subclass 116 of Class 338 for a mechanically variable
resistor actuated by an electric motor.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate
subclasses, for electric motor control systems including an
electric motor controlled by a resistor. See subclass 116
of this class (338) for a mechanically variable resistor
actuated by an electric motor. (See Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, (2), "Resistors Combined With or
Incorporated in Other Devices," above.)
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclasses 80+
for single generators with a resistance control.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, for
regulation systems including a plurality of resistors.
(Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, (1) "Plural
Resistors As Defined in the Class Definition'')
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, especially
subclasses 80+ and 97+, for single electric generator
systems including resistance control. (See Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, (2), "Resistors Combined With
or Incorporated in Other Devices," above.)
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 293+ for regulation systems including resistors.
This class also provides for the combinations of resistors
and inductors and/or condensers in voltage regulation
systems.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 293+, 352+ and 365+ for regulation systems
including resistors. (See Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, (1), "Plural Resistors As Defined In The
Class Definition," and (2), "Resistors Combined With Or
Incorporated In Other Devices.")
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, for methods of or
apparatus for measuring and testing resistors. subclasses
62+ for measuring or testing involving determining the
resistance or conductivity of the resistor. (Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, (6), "Measuring and
Testing Resistors.")
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclasses, for electrical measuring and testing devices
including resistors. (See Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, 2, "Resistors Combined With or
Incorporated in Other Devices")
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclasses 160+,
for time and/or speed measuring devices. (See Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, (13), "Measuring and
Testing Devices With Variable Resistors," above.)
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for
miscellaneous circuits which may utilize a resistor or
resistor network.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for
miscellaneous circuits which may utilize a resistor or
resistor network. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, (2), "Resistors Combined With or Incorporated in
Other Devices, " above.)
329, Demodulators, subclass 371 for coherer type amplitude
demodulator.
330, Amplifiers, subclass 61 for carbon microphone type
amplifiers.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, for negative
resistors of the active element type. (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, above.)
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, for wave
transmission lines and networks including resistors. This
class also provides for the combination of resistors and
inductors and/or capacitors in such wave transmission lines
and networks. See subclass 22 for dissipating terminations
for long lines; subclass 80 for negative resistance networks
of the active element type; and subclass 81 for attenuators.
(See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, (1),
"Plural Resistors as Defined in The Class Definition.")
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, provides in
subclass 22, for dissipating terminations for long lines;
subclass 23, for artificial lines; subclass 80, for negative
resistance networks of the active element type; and
subclasses 82+, for resonators of the distributed parameter
type. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
(4), "Devices Simulating Resistors.")
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, appropriate
subclasses, for wave transmission lines and networks
including resistors. This class also provides for the
combination of resistors and inductors and/or capacitors in
such wave transmission lines and networks. (See Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, (2), "Resistors Combined
With or Incorporated in Other Devices, " above.)
336, Inductor Devices, appropriate subclasses, for inductor
devices.
340, Communications: Electrical, for electrical
communication systems; and especially subclasses 500+ for
communication systems automatically responsive to a
condition.
340, Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses, for
electrical signaling and alarm systems including resistors.
(See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, (2),
"Resistors Combined With or Incorporated in Other Devices, "
above.)
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, appropriate
subclasses, for radiant energy communication systems
including antennas combined with or including resistors.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses
1+ for safety and protection systems; subclasses 117+ for
high voltage dissipators such as lightning arrestors systems,
per se, and 271+ for capacitors.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses
627+ and 641+ for distribution panel board, control panel
board, or electric service distribution box, including
resistors. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, (2), "Resistors Combined With or Incorporated in Other
Devices," above.)
362, Illumination, appropriate subclasses for illuminating
devices which may include a resistor as an element thereof
together with illumination structure.
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, for electricity
conversion systems; especially subclasses 15+ for systems
converting electricity to heat to electricity; and subclasses
140+ for impedance type current converters.
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, appropriate
subclasses, for electrical conversion systems including
resistors. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, (2), "Resistors Combined With or Incorporated in Other
Devices, " above.)
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclass 152
for a resistive phonograph pickup.
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, subclasses 128+
for resistance elements and mountings for the same when
peculiar to or combined with electric furnaces structure or
controls for electric furnace.
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, subclasses 109+
for electric furnaces combined with the heating resistors, as
a resistor with the furnace wall; or includes resistors which
are formed to constitute at least part of a furnace, as being
hollow to form a muffle or being recessed to form a crucible;
or includes resistors which are peculiar to an electric
furnace, as having the shape of the furnace, such shape
having no significance elsewhere. (See Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, (2), "Resistors Combined With
or Incorporated In Other Devices" and (8), "Resistance
Furnaces," above.)
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclasses 183+ for
thermometers having a current modifying sensor. (Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, (13) "Measuring and
Testing Devices With Variable Resistors")
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclasses 163+ for a
thermometer with an electrical sensor, particularly subclass
185 which includes detailed features of a resistive sensor in
such a thermometer. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, (2), "Resistors Combined With or Incorporated in
Other Devices," above.)
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,
for resistors specific to telephone use, including those of
the microphone, its electrodes, and granules. (See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, above.)
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,
subclasses 179+ for resistors specific to telephone use,
including those of the microphone, its electrodes, and
granules. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, (1), Plural Resistors as Defined in The Class
Definition.)
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 58+ for coating
processes, per se, wherein an electrical product is
produced.
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 58+ for coating
processes, per se, wherein an electrical product is produced.
(See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, (3),
"Resistance Components and Subcombinations," and (9)
"Resistors Formed By Coating Or Laminating.")
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a stock material product in the form of a
single or plural layer web or sheet, which may embody a layer
of material resistant to the flow of electrical current, and
especially subclass 416, 418, 432+, 444, 450, and 457+ for a
nonstructural composite web or sheet embodying a layer of
metal next to a layer of nonmetal material.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, for a plural
layer stock material product, note subclass 411 for a plural
layer material, one layer being of resistive material, or one
layer being resistive and one or more layers being
conductive, so as to constitute one or more terminals; see
especially subclasses 457+. (See Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, (3), "Resistance Components and
Subcombinations.")
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for a plurality of layers of laminated or coated
material, one layer being a resistance element and the other
layer or layers being terminals, no particular structure
being recited, but usually only particular materials, even
though the terminals and resistance elements are claimed by
such names. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, (9), "Resistors Formed By Coating Or Laminating.")
439, Electrical Connectors, especially subclass 241, 275 and
276, for electrical connectors and leads thereto, which leads
may be nominally resistive. (See Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, (11), "Electrical Connectors With
Resistive Conductors," above.)
439, Electrical Connectors, appropriate subclasses, for
resistance terminals, or the combination of a terminal and
nominally recited resistance element. The combination of a
resistance element broadly recited together with terminals at
each end is classified in Class 338, especially subclasses
322+. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
(3), "Resistance Components and Subcombinations," above.)
442, Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth,
etc.), subclasses 59+ for a coated or impregnated fabric.
451, Abrading, subclasses 28+ for an abrading process which
may be involved in making an electrical resistor.
454, Ventilation, appropriate subclasses, for ventilating
structure such as cowls, hoods and louvers which may be used
to ventilate a resistor.
455, Telecommunications, subclasses 120+ and 150.1+ for
radio transmitter and receiver tuners wherein the tuning
element may be somewhat analogous to resistors.
455, Telecommunications, appropriate subclasses for radio
equipment having resistors. (See Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, (2), "Resistors Combined With or
Incorporated In Other Devices, " above.)
GLOSSARY:
BASE
Unless otherwise indicated an element along which the
resistance element extends to impart a rigidity or
reinforcement to the resistance element not otherwise
present.
CONDUCTOR
A body which is essentially a carrier of electric current
with a minimum of loss as by heating.
ELEMENT
Resistance element unless otherwise indicated.
INSULATOR
A body of such low conductivity that the flow of current
therethrough can usually be neglected.
NEGATIVE RESISTOR
A resistor wherein the derivative of the voltage across the
resistor with respect to the current passing through is
negative over a portion of the current range.
RESISTANCE
The property of a mass of material to impede the flow of a
steady or fluctuating current passing through the mass by
conversion of electrical energy into heat.
RESISTANCE ELEMENT
The part of the resistor which actually possesses the
resistance characteristic, and which may be a homogeneous
mass of material having a resistance characteristic.
RESISTANCE TERMINAL
Ordinarily one of the spaced conductors in physical contact
with the resistance element, and being appreciably more
conductive (less resistive) than the resistance element. The
terminals are for the purpose of connecting the resistance
element in an external electric circuit. Since all resistors
must include terminals in the sense that some structure is
necessary to permit energization of the resistance element,
the term "terminal" is sufficiently broad to include one of
the free ends of the resistance element.
RESISTOR
An apparatus or device exhibiting only and significantly a
resistance characteristic as above defined to the current
flowing therethrough, the inductive or capacitive effects
being negligible. A resistor includes essentially a
resistance element and spaced terminals.
SEMICONDUCTOR
A body of solid material whose conductivity is considerably
more than insulators, yet considerably less than metals.
TERMINAL
One of the resistance terminals unless otherwise indicated.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistance element has the property of
decreasing its resistance value upon the passage of a high
frequency current therethrough; or together with structure
which enables the resistor to return to its original
resistance value upon termination of the high frequency
current or to decohere.
(1) Note. Usually the exciting high frequency current is a
received high frequency wave, and the coherer is used as a
radio detector. The resistance element is usually granular
in nature; and the decohering is effected or facilitated as
by particular chemical material, or by shock, stirring,
agitating, or tapping. Where significant detector circuitry
such as a resonant circuit is claimed with coherer,
classification is elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 20+ for resistors whose resistance value is
changed by an electric current and/or voltage.
32 for resistors whose resistance value is changed by a
magnetic field.
subclasses 68+ for mechanically variable resistors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclass 43 for active solid-state type
coherers.
329, Demodulators, subclasses 315+ for frequency
demodulators and subclasses 345+ for phase demodulators.
Subclass:
2
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein a flexible or deformable solid mass of
resistance material is formed as a wire, strip, or other
elongated mass, the resistance value of the mass between
points along its length changing with deformation between the
points, as a change in length or cross-sectional area; the
wire, strip, or other elongated mass being shaped or
configured to be applied to a device which is subject to
deformation in a direction along the length of the elongated
mass, the mass being adapted to deform with the device; or
wherein the wire, strip, or other elongated mass includes
structure, such as adhesive material on a flexible base, for
facilitating application to the device which is subject to
deformation; or wherein the wire, strip, or other elongated
mass is combined with and deformable with a device which is
subject to deformation or other change in dimension and not
otherwise classifiable.
(1) Note. As between this subclass and Class 73, Measuring
and Testing, when the meter, Wheatstone bridge connection, or
other current measuring device in series with the resistor is
claimed, classification is in Class 73.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 13+ for variable resistors generally actuated by
a condition sensing device.
114 for deformable resistors generally.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclasses 125+ for distance
determining devices; subclasses 174+ for limit gauges; and
subclasses 204+ for direction indicators.
73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses 763+ for an
electrical stress or strain measuring system; and subclasses
862+ for dynamometers. See also (1) Note above.
Subclass:
3
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter
including resistance structure in series with the strain
gauge resistor, whose resistance value increases or decreases
significantly with the temperature change, for the purpose of
offsetting at least partly the effect of temperature change
on the strain gauge resistor or furnishing a reference for
comparison purposes as in the Wheatstone bridge network in
which the strain gauge resistor may be connected.
(1) Note. The temperature coefficient of the resistance
structure may have the same or opposite sign (positive or
negative) as the temperature coefficient of the strain gauge
resistor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 7+ for resistors having resistance value
temperature compensation.
Subclass:
4
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter
wherein the strain gauge is secured to or otherwise
mechanically linked with a diaphragm, bellows, piston, or
other device which is adapted to move or deform by a
compresses fluid or gas acting thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 36+ for mechanically variable resistors
generally with a fluid or gas pressure sensing actuator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 720 and 726 for fluid
pressure gauges of the current generating or modifying type.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclasses 106+
for electrical time and speed measuring.
Subclass:
5
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter
wherein the device to which the strain gauge is attached is
responsive to a force applied thereto, the portion of the
device to which the strain gauge is attached being deformed
by this force to deform the strain gauge.
(1) Note. In this subclass, the device converts the applied
force to strain or deformation.
(2) Note. When the resistor strain gage is disclosed for
making a quantitative measurement, proper classification is
in the measuring class (see search notes below).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses 862+ for dynamometer
measuring devices.
177, Weighing Scales, for weighing scales.
Subclass:
6
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter
wherein the strain gauge includes structure, such as pins,
for engaging two spaced points for sensing any changes in the
spacing of these two points, and for transmitting this sensed
spacing change to the strain gauge to cause deformation
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclasses 125+ for distance
measuring instruments generally.
73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses 763+ for an
electrical stress or strain measuring system and involving
current generation or modification.
Subclass:
7
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistance element is formed of materials
whose resistance value changes a relatively small amount with
a change in the temperature of the element; or wherein one
resistance material is combined with another resistance
material in the same or different resistance elements, the
change of resistance value of one material with the
temperature of the material being such as to offset at least
partly the change of resistance value of the other material
with the temperature of this material, the materials being
always at the same temperature, e.g., one material has a
positive temperature coefficient and the other material has a
correspondingly negative temperature coefficient; or wherein
the support or actuator for the resistor includes material or
structure which offsets at least partly the effect of or
resists dimensional changes due to temperature change in the
support or actuator, which otherwise would result in a change
in resistance value.
(1) Note. Only compensation structure is classified here
which at least partly controls or modifies the resistance
value of the resistor. Resistors with temperature
compensated supports which merely maintain the position of
the resistor unchanged with temperature change, for example,
are classified in subclass 316 below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for strain gauge type resistors with temperature
compensation.
14 for resistors whose resistance value is responsive to a
plurality of conditions.
subclasses 25+ for resistors whose resistance value is
responsive to ambient temperature.
316 for supports which compensate for expansion or
contraction with temperature. See also (1) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
140 for electric circuits for relays and electromagnets
having means compensating for thermal changes.
Subclass:
8
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter,
including structure or material which is directly operative
on the actuator to offset the effect of or reduce or prevent
a change in dimension of the actuator due to temperature
change.
Subclass:
9
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter
including an additional resistor or resistance element, whose
temperature coefficient is of opposite sign (positive or
negative) from the temperature coefficient of the original
resistor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for strain gauge type resistors including a temperature
compensating resistor.
48 for plural separate diverse resistors.
322 for plural resistance elements in parallel between
terminals.
Subclass:
10
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter
wherein both the resistance elements or the resistance
elements of both resistors are elongated in shape, as wires
or filaments.
Subclass:
11
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including structure which is spaced from and
positioned with respect to the resistance element to redirect
any heat impinging on the structure from an external source
onto the resistance element, or to redirect any heat produced
by the resistance element and impinging on the structure back
on the resistance element.
(1) Note. The heat reflectors in this subclass are
restricted to directing heat toward the resistance element or
to redirecting the heat produced by the element back to the
element. Where the heat produced by the element is directed
by reflectors for heating some object other than the element
itself classification is in the electric heating class (see
the search note below)
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 226+ for a resistor with a heat insulating
housing, which may even protect the resistor from external
heat by reflection, i.e., prevent the external heat going to
the resistance element; and especially subclasses 234+ for a
resistor with a gaseous or vacuum layer between the element
and the casing or housing.
334 for a resistor with a heat protecting shield other than
a casing, and not classified elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, especially subclass 34 for where the
heat produced by the element is directed by reflectors for
heating some object other than the element itself; subclass
540 for electric heating radiators. See also (1) Note
above.
432, Heating, subclass 50 for shielding devices in
connection with heating furnaces or other hot objects acting
as a screen or baffle to heat.
Subclass:
12
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including a mechanically variable resistor together
with a partition, wall, or housing; and a movable magnet,
usually permanent, which when moved is effective by its field
through the partition, wall, or housing to change the
mechanical setting of the variable resistor and thus change
the resistance value of the variable resistor.
(1) Note. Usually a second magnet is disposed on the
opposite side of the partition, wall, or housing from the
movable magnet, the second magnet being mechanically linked
with the variable resistor and being adapted to be moved by
the field of the first movable magnet.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for coherer type resistors.
32 for resistors generally whose resistance value is
responsive to a magnetic field or compass.
subclasses 103+ and 116, for mechanically variable
resistors with an electromagnetic operator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 103
for magnetic field type clutches or brakes.
Subclass:
13
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including a resistor usually mechanically variable to
change its resistance value, linked with actuating structure
which senses and responds significantly well to a particular
stimulus or condition or change in such stimulus or
condition; or including a resistor, usually nonmechanically
variable, having the property as by shape or chemical
composition of changing its resistance value significantly
well in response to a particular stimulus or condition or
change in such stimulus or condition; and usually together
with structure as part of the resistor or in addition to the
resistor for applying or facilitating the application of this
stimulus or condition to the resistor.
(1) Note. For classification here the actuator must be
something more than merely adapted to have a force applied
thereto for the actuation of the mechanical variable or
adjustable resistor, as a knob, pedal, or handle. The
actuator must sense the condition or change in condition, and
respond in some manner as by moving or deforming. When a
meter Wheatstone bridge connection or other indicating device
for indicating the current passing through a resistor
together with the resistor and condition sensing device are
recited, classification is not here, but in such Classes as
33, Geometrical Instruments and 73, Measuring and Testing.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, Microphones are
classified in Class 381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing
Systems and Devices, even when the output circuitry is not
recited. Similarly, resistive phonograph pickups are
classified in Class 369, Dynamic Information Storage or
Retrieval, subclass 152. However a mere variable resistor
adapted to be actuated by a stylus (unclaimed) is classified
in this subclasses 13+. A mere statement of use as a
resistor whose value changes in response to a sensed
condition is not sufficient for classification here. The
structure or chemical composition which at least contributes
to this result must be recited in the claims.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 2+ for a strain gauge resistor with a particular
condition sensing actuator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, appropriate subclasses, for
geometrical instruments.
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses, for
measuring and testing devices.
177, Weighing Scales, subclass 211 for a weighing scale
including an electrical strain gauge.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclasses
52+ for electric circuit makers and breakers of special
application.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclasses 445+
for systems of automatic motor control.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 293+ for automatic impedance systems.
334, Tuners, subclasses 5+ for tuners which are responsive
to a condition.
340, Communications: Electrical, especially subclasses 177+
and 500+, for electrical systems for telemetering or
indicating electrically a sensed condition.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
91.2 for overvoltage protection with resistor sensor.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclass 152
for resistive phonograph pickups.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses
for measuring and testing of thermal quantities.
Subclass:
14
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter
including two or more actuating structures together with a
variable resistor each responsive to an independent stimulus
or condition, which may be of the same or different type; or
including a resistor whose element has the property of
changing its resistance value particularly well in response
to two or more independent conditions or stimuli applied
thereto; or including a variable resistor whose element is
responsive directly to a condition together with an actuator
responsive to an independent condition.
Subclass:
15
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter
wherein the resistor is formed of a material whose resistance
value changes materially upon the application of light,
infrared radiation, or ultraviolet radiation to the resistor,
or upon a change in the intensity of this radiation applied
to the resistor together with any structure which facilitates
the application of light or ultra violet or infrared
radiation to the resistor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, subclass
89 for primary photoelectric batteries.
250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 200+ for photocell circuits
and apparatus.
252, Compositions, subclass 501 for light sensitive
conductive compositions.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclasses 121+ for
radiation type thermometers.
Subclass:
16
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter
including structure for eliminating or reducing vibration or
offsetting the effect thereof, as a shock absorbing support
for the resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
98 for mechanically adjustable or variable resistors with
motion damping and/or vibration control means.
171 for a variable resistor with a contact slidable on the
resistance element, the contact having plural element
engaging portions which may reduce the effect of vibration.
subclasses 315+ for resistors generally with mounting or
supporting means, which may include anti-vibration
structure.
Subclass:
17
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter
including two or more resistors as there defined or a single
resistor having two or more elements.
(1) Note. Usually the resistors or elements are arranged in
a planar pattern as a mosaic.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
320 for plural supported or mounted resistors.
322 for resistors having a plurality of elements between
terminals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 58+ for coating
processes, per se, wherein the product has utility as
electrical article.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a plural layer stock material product, one
layer being of resistance material and another layer being
conductive, note especially subclasses 195+ for a
discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond.
Subclass:
18
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter
wherein the material of which the resistor is formed changes
its resistance value materially upon the application of infra
red radiation thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 25+ for resistors whose resistance value changes
with ambient temperature.
Subclass:
19
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter
including a casing or covering such as a glass or quartz
envelope containing the photoconductive element, at least a
portion of the casing or covering freely passing the radiant
energy which impinges on the photoconductive element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
184 and 199, for mechanically variable resistors with
housings.
subclasses 226+ for incased, embedded, or housed resistors
generally; and especially subclasses 234+, for such resistors
with gaseous or vacuum spacing between the element and the
casing or housing.
Subclass:
20
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter
wherein the resistor is chemically constituted or otherwise
formed to change its resistance value in response to an
electric current passing through or a voltage impressed
across the resistor, or wherein the resistor includes
structure or composition which enables the resistor to change
its resistance value in response to a current or voltage
applied to a circuit other than to the resistor itself; as to
an electric heater with a heat conducting path to the
resistor.
(1) Note. Usually the current increases the temperature of
the resistor either directly or indirectly, and the resistor
has an appreciable resistor temperature coefficient to cause
the resistance value to change. In the case of the so-called
voltage responsive resistors, a voltage change often produces
a current change which in turn changes the resistance value
as through the heating effect of the current. However, some
resistors here classified do change value directly with the
voltage gradient existing therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 25+ for resistors whose resistance value changes
with ambient temperature.
subclasses 103+ and 116, for mechanically adjustable or
variable resistors with an electromagnetic operator, such as
an electric motor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclasses 341+
for electric lamp and discharge device filaments.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 293+ for impedance systems automatically
responsive to voltage and/or current.
Subclass:
21
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is formed of material whose
resistance value changes sharply and often discontinuously
upon a change in terminal voltage from a low to a relatively
high value or upon a rise in the terminal voltage above a
threshold value.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices subclasses
1+ for safety and protection systems and subclasses 117+
for high voltage dissipators such as lightning arrester
systems.
Subclass:
22
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is formed of a semi-conductor
material and has a relatively high temperature coefficient,
which is usually negative.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 25+ for thermistors whose resistance values are
changed by ambient temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclass 53, 108, and 467-470 for active
solid-state type temperature responsive devices.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclass 294 and subclasses 364+ for impedance systems
responsive to a thermal condition.
Subclass:
23
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter
wherein a resistance heater for the thermistor is provided
other than the thermistor resistance and in a current circuit
distinct from the current circuit through the thermistor.
(1) Note. The heater circuit may be in series or shunt with
the thermistor, or be in another electrical system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24 for resistors generally whose resistance value changes in
response to a current which indirectly heats the resistance
element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 50+ for electrical
resistance heaters.
Subclass:
24
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter
wherein a resistance heater for the resistor is provided
other than the resistance element and in a current circuit
distinct from the current circuit through the element.
(1) Note. The heater circuit may be in series or shunt with
the resistance element or be in another electrical system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23 for thermistor type resistors whose resistance value
changes in response to a current which indirectly heats the
resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 50+ for electrical
resistance heaters.
Subclass:
25
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element includes material which
effects a significant change, such as sharp, rapid, or
pronounced, in the resistance value of the element with a
change in the surrounding temperature, or together with
structure which facilitates this change in resistance value
with the surrounding temperature; or including a mechanically
adjustable or variable resistor together with structure whose
shape, configuration or any other dimension changes with a
change in surrounding temperature, the structure being linked
with the adjustable or variable resistor to change in
resistance value with the change in shape, configuration or
other dimension occurring in the temperature sensing
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 7+ for resistors with compensation for a change
in resistance value due to temperature change.
subclasses 20+ for resistors whose resistance value changes
in response to a current or voltage, which may involve a
change in the ambient temperature of the resistor.
51 for resistors with heat dissipating projections.
subclasses 53+ for resistors with cooling gas or liquid
circulation.
59 for resistors with heat storing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation,
appropriate subclasses, for automatic temperature controls,
especially the subclasses found under THERMOSTATIC.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 14 for
temperature modified pyroelectric type devices.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclass 294 and subclass 364+ for thermally responsive
impedance systems.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclasses 584+ and 577+
for electrical systems generally responsive to temperature
and flame, respectively.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclasses 183+ for
current modifying type thermometers.
Subclass:
26
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter
wherein the resistor is flexible or deformable and has an
elongated shape with substantially uniform external size over
its length, the resistance element extending between the ends
of the resistor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
212 for tape type resistors generally.
214 for cable type resistors generally.
Subclass:
27
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element or contact is a liquid, the
liquid sensing the change in the surrounding temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 80+ and 222, for mechanically variable and fixed
resistors respectively having liquid resistance elements.
94 151 and 156, for mechanically variable resistors having a
liquid contact.
Subclass:
28
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter
wherein the resistor is formed as an elongated rigid unit,
one end being free and the other end including the resistor
terminal or the portions of the terminals connecting the
external circuitry, as well as any structure for manipulating
the unit, such as a handle, or for securing the unit to
supporting structure.
(1) Note. Usually the resistance element is enclosed in an
elongated casing which forms the exterior of the probe.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
229 for probe type incased, embedded or housed resistors
generally.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 149 for
electricity measuring devices including a probe.
Subclass:
29
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter
including a mechanically adjustable or variable resistor as
defined in subclass 68 below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 68+ for mechanically adjustable or variable
resistors generally.
Subclass:
30
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter
wherein one or both of the terminals form a substantial part
of the probe casing or housing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
271 for resistors generally one of whose terminal forms a
casing or housing.
Subclass:
31
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter
including a mechanically adjustable or variable resistor as
defined in subclass 68 below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 68+ for mechanically adjustable or variable
resistors generally.
Subclass:
32
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element includes material whose
resistance value is dependent on a magnetic field applied
directly thereto, or together with means for applying or
facilitating the application of a magnetic field to this
material of the resistance element; or wherein a resistor is
mechanically linked with the magnet of a magnetic compass to
be actuated by this magnet.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43 for resistors responsive to inertia devices, such as a
gyro compass.
subclasses 103+ for a compressible type resistor with an
electromagnetic operator.
116 for mechanically variable resistors generally with an
electromagnetic operator such as an electric motor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), appropriate subclasses, including
subclass 108, 414, and 421-427 for devices responsive to
magnetic field.
329, Demodulators, appropriate subclasses for magnetic
demodulators using, for example, the Hall effect.
Subclass:
33
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter
wherein an adjustable resistor is combined with a float,
which is mechanically linked with the resistor actuator to
vary the resistance value in accordance with the position of
the float.
(1) Note. The subject matter in this subclass is usually a
subcombination of a liquid level or depth gauge as classified
in Class 73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses 305+. Where
the indicator is recited as an added element, classification
is in subclasses 305+ of Class 73. The mere recitation of
the tank broadly does not preclude classification in this
class (338). Where details of the tank are recited,
classification is elsewhere such as Class 137, Fluid
Handling, subclass 560 for a tank with an out- flow pipe
together with a float operated rheostat.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 34+ for resistors whose resistance value is
dependent on the gas, vapor, or moisture absorbed or
collected.
subclasses 36+ for mechanically variable resistors with
structure responsive to fluid pressure.
subclasses 68+ for mechanically adjustable or variable
resistors, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses 305+ for liquid level
or depth gauges including a float operated rheostat; and
subclasses 451+ for specific gravity or density measurement
of a liquid including a float operated rheostat. See also (1)
Note above.
137, Fluid Handling, appropriate subclasses, for fluid
handling systems. See also (1) Note above.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclasses 177+ for float
operated telemetric systems.
Subclass:
34
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter
including material or structure which readily absorbs or
collects or facilitates the absorption or collection of
fluent material such as liquids, gases, vapors, or humidity
to which the resistor may be exposed, and usually which
relinquishes all or part of the fluent material so absorbed
or collected upon reduction in the intensity or termination
of the exposure thereto, the material so collected or
absorbed usually providing the electrical resistance, the
value of the resistance depending on the amount of material
absorbed.
(1) Note. The fluent material may be collected on the
surface or absorbed within other material of the resistor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 80+ for mechanically adjustable or variable
liquid resistors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, subclasses 230+ and
253+ for analytical and analytical control methods and
apparatus respectively.
73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses 73+ for measuring the
moisture content or absorption characteristics of materials.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass
61.04 for circuit making or breaking devices responsive to
liquid or moisture.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 483 for
motor control systems automatically operative in response to
moisture content or wetness.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 602, for
electrical communications systems automatically responsive to
moisture or humidity; and subclasses 628+ and 632+ for such
systems responsive to smoke and gas; respectively.
Subclass:
35
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter
wherein the resistor is peculiarly adopted to collect or
absorb moisture from the air.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses 335+ for
hygrometers.
Subclass:
36
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter
wherein the condition sensed is fluid or gas pressure and the
resistor actuator engages this fluid or gas and is
mechanically moved or deformed by the pressure of this fluid
or gas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for strain gauge resistors which are fluid or gas
actuated.
33 for float actuated resistors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses 290+ for liquid depth
gauges; and subclasses 700+ for fluid pressure gauges.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclasses 603+ for
fluent material operated alarms.
Subclass:
37
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter
wherein the condition sensed is the air pressure in the tire
of a vehicle, and including structure for sensing this
pressure and not otherwise classifiable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
50 for resistors mounted on wheels or vehicles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 146.3 for direct
pressure reading of tire inflation.
137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 227+ for tire stem
inflation means with a gauge or indicator.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass
61.22 for pneumatic tire inflation responsive switches.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 58 for electrical
systems automatically responsive to tire deflation.
Subclass:
38
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter
wherein a liquid resistance element or contact is arranged to
rise and fall over contact or resistance structure to give a
variable resistance according to the condition sensed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 80+ for mechanically variable resistors having
liquid resistance elements.
94 for a mechanically adjustable resistor having a liquid
short circuiting contact.
151 for a mechanically variable resistor having a liquid
contact in which the resistance element moves.
156 for a mechanically variable resistor with a liquid
contact.
222 for a fixed resistor having a liquid element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 750 for liquid column
fluid pressure gauges such as manometers.
Subclass:
39
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter
wherein the resistor actuator is a piston or plunger.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for a resistor actuated by a float.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 746 for fluid pressure
gauges having a piston as the pressure responsive element.
Subclass:
40
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter
wherein the resistor actuator is a Bourdon tube.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 734 for fluid pressure
gauges having a Bourdon tube for their pressure responsive
element.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 81.8
for Bourdon tube operated switches.
Subclass:
41
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter
wherein a cylindrical or cup shaped expansible chamber has
side walls comprising sections of alternately larger and
smaller cross-sections which make up a single fluid or gas
chamber having a zigzag or pleated wall, or wherein an
expansible chamber device includes a plurality of movable
walls, two or more of which are of the flexible sheet
material or diaphragm type whereby vertical collapse or
expansion of the chamber is facilitated.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 786 and 793+ for expansible
chamber fluid handling devices of the bellows or capsule
type.
Subclass:
42
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter
wherein the resistor actuator is a diaphragm, or a flexible
or deformable wall or casing structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses 262+ for volume or
rate of flow meters with a diaphragm or collapsible wall;
subclasses 278 and 279+ for diaphragm mountings and
diaphragms for such meters; and subclasses 719 and 725 for
fluid pressure gauges including a diaphragm.
Subclass:
43
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter
wherein the actuator or reference for the actuator is a mass
which is at least partly free to operate under the effect of
its inertia, or under the effect of its weight to seek a
lower level and thus maintain a vertical stabilization as for
reference purposes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses 652+ for vibration
testing with an inertia sensing element.
Subclass:
44
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element or its contact is a liquid,
and the actuator is this liquid element or contact, which is
operated by its inertia or level seeking characteristic.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 80+ and 222, for a mechanically variable and
fixed resistor respectively having a liquid resistance
element.
94 151 and 156, for mechanically variable resistors having
liquid contacts; especially subclass 151, for such resistors
whose elements move and whose liquid contact is fixed at the
lowest level by gravity.
Subclass:
45
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Subject matter
wherein the actuator is subject to rotation to thus develop a
centrifugal force to control the variable resistor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclasses 15+ for centrifugal speed responsive
devices.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 325 for
electric motors having a centrifugally operated speed
control
Subclass:
46
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Subject matter
wherein the actuator for the variable resistor is a
pendulum.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclasses 215+ for pendulum
type direction indicators and subclass 366.24 for a level
having a pendulum controlled electrical indicator and
subclass 366.24 for a level having a pendulum controlled
electrical indicator.
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 862.381 for pendulum
type dynamometers.
Subclass:
47
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter
wherein the actuator is constructed to facilitate the
application of a force thereto, and to mechanically move or
deform in response to this force to provide a mechanical
movement for the operation of the variable resistor, the
force being substantially greater than necessary to operate
the resistor.
(1) Note. Since force is the most common method of
operating mechanically variable resistors, a mere knob, pedal
or handle as an actuator is not sufficient for classification
here. The force sensing mechanism must be able to respond
directly to forces substantially greater than or bearing
little relationship to the force necessary to adjust the
variable resistor or to overcome any spring loading of the
variable resistor for classification in this subclass.
Pushing, pulling and torque are examples of the forces sensed
by the subject matter of this subclass.
(2) Note. When the resistor strain gage is disclosed for
making a quantitative measurement, proper classification is
in Class 73, subclasses 862+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for dynamometer type strain gauge resistors.
subclasses 36+ for a variable resistor with a condition
sensing actuator producing a force by a fluid or gas
pressure.
subclasses 68+ for mechanically adjustable or variable
resistors; especially subclasses 99+ for such resistors of
the compressible type; and subclass 167, for such resistors
with spring loaded angularly slidable contacts.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses 133+ for
dynamometers.
177, Weighing Scales, appropriate subclasses, for weighing
scales.
Subclass:
48
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein a first resistor is combined with a physically
distinct second resistor which is significantly structurally
different from the first resistor.
(1) Note. For classification here the two resistors must be
claimed together with the distinction of one resistor over
the other. A mere claimed difference in dimensions or
resistance values as one resistor being coarse and the other
fine is not a sufficient distinction for classification
herein. The claimed distinctions for classification here
must be in the structure or shape of the resistor or the
resistor combined with perfecting subject matter, as for
example when each resistor is a different species and is
classified in different subclasses in this schedule.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for a resistor with an additional temperature compensating
resistor.
23 and 24, for indirectly heated current and/or voltage
responsive resistors.
49 for shunt type resistors which may have diverse
terminals.
67 for resistors combined with diverse nonelectrical
devices.
122 for mechanically variable resistors with contacts
movable over coarse and fine resistance elements.
286 for resistors having both a helical and a zigzag
configuration.
324 for single resistors having diverse terminals.
Subclass:
49
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistor is peculiarly adapted for
shunting a metering instrument, the resistor terminals
usually being of large mass and having a plurality of sets of
connectors, one smaller set for the instrument and the other
larger set for the main current leads, the resistance element
extending therebetween and usually being flat or formed with
ventilating means such as fine or vented passages, or with a
plurality of separate current paths to present a large
cooling surface to maintain uniform temperature and prevent
change in the resistance value or the resistor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for resistors with heat dissipating projections, e.g.,
vanes.
322 for plural resistance elements in parallel between
terminals.
324 for fixed resistors having diverse terminals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 126 for
measuring or testing instruments having coupling means, e.g.,
shunts.
Subclass:
50
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistor is provided with wheels for
increasing the mobility of the vehicle, or wherein the
resistor is mounted on a vehicle especially adapted for
carrying only the resistor together with its operating
structure or a plurality of such resistors.
(1) Note. Where the vehicle is adapted for other purposes
then merely carrying the resistor and its operating
structure, classification is not here. See also the Search
Notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 for resistors with diverse nonelectrical devices. See
also (1) Note above.
197 for mechanically variable resistors with supports.
subclasses 315+ for resistors generally with mounting or
supporting means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 61 for electric railway
cars including a controlling resistor.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 65 for electric vehicles
generally; and subclasses 77+ for such vehicles including
electric motor controlling devices, which may be resistors.
Subclass:
51
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein a surface of the resistance element, casing,
terminal, or other resistance structure is enlarged or
increased in area over what is otherwise necessary by a
projecting portion integral therewith or attached thereto,
such as vanes, fins, or corrugations, to increase the heat
radiated, dissipated, or otherwise transferred from the
surface structure of the resistor to the surrounding or
adjacent medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for shunt type resistors.
subclasses 53+ for resistors with cooling gas or liquid
circulation.
159 for a mechanically adjustable or variable resistor with
a heat conducting or distributing path.
subclasses 226+ for resistors generally with heat
conducting casings or housings.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
165, Heat Exchange, subclass 185 for a fin or heat
transmitter, per se.
219, Electric Heating, subclass 34 for heating radiators.
Subclass:
52
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is granular or powdered in
form or is formed as a plurality of layers or other distinct
masses stacked or piled transversely to the direction of
current flow through the resistance element; i.e., so that
the current flowing through the resistance element will flow
from mass to mass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for resistors with cooling gas or liquid circulation, and
having granular powdered or transversely stacked elements.
subclasses 99+ for mechanically variable resistors
including surfaces pressed together for adjustment purposes,
e.g., compressible type; and subclass 115 for such resistors
generally whose elements are in piled or stacked layers.
subclasses 204+ for resistors generally whose elements are
piled or stacked between terminals.
subclasses 223+ for resistors having granular or powdered
elements.
Subclass:
53
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistor includes structure which conveys
a cooling gas or liquid to, from or through the resistor, or
which permits a cooling gas or liquid to move to or from the
resistor for the purpose of cooling the resistor by conveying
away the heat produced by the resistor.
(1) Note. Subject matter in this subclass is very similar
to subject matter in Class 219, Electric Heating, subclasses
50+, since cooling a resistor by gas or liquid is analogous
to heating gas or liquid with a resistor. In the resistors
in this subclass (53) the heat produced is usually incidental
and undesired, and the fluid or gas dissipates this heat. In
the heating resistors of Class 219 the resistor is adapted
for heating purposes as opposed to impedance purposes, and
the heat produced is distributed or directed for such heating
purposes as opposed to mere dissipation. However, a mere
resistor with heating or cooling fluid or gas circulation,
even though designated as a heater, is classified in this
subclasses (53+). For classification in Class 219, structure
must be claimed which adapts the resistor, or the fluid gas
circulating structure for heating purposes. See also the
Notes under the Class Definition for the general lines
between this class (338) and Class 219.
(2) Note. A resistor with a liquid gas or vacuum enclosing
casing is not classified here even though the liquid or gas
is of heat conducting material, but in such subclasses as 231
and 234+ below. For classification in this subclasses (53+)
the liquid or gas must circulate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 7+ for resistors with temperature compensation.
231 for resistors generally whose elements are incased in a
liquid. See also (2) Note above.
subclasses 234+ for resistors generally with a gaseous or
vacuum spacing between the element and the casing or housing.
See also (2) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, appropriate subclasses, for refrigeration
devices.
165, Heat Exchange, appropriate subclass for heat
transferring devices generally.
219, Electric Heating, especially subclasses 50+, and 280+
for electric resistance air and liquid heaters. See also (1)
Note above.
Subclass:
54
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is granular or powdered in
form or is formed as a plurality of layers or other distinct
masses stacked or piled transversely to the direction of
current flow through the resistance element, i.e., so that
the current flowing through the resistance element will flow
from mass to mass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for resistors with heat dissipating projections, and
having granular powdered or transversely stacked elements.
subclasses 99+ for mechanically variable resistors
including surfaces pressed together for adjustment purposes,
e.g., compressible type; and subclass 115 for such resistors
generally whose elements are in piled or stacked layers.
subclasses 204+ for resistors generally whose elements are
piled or stacked between terminals.
subclasses 223+ for resistors having granular or powdered
elements.
Subclass:
55
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter
including means for conveying or facilitating the conveyance
of liquid to or from the resistance element or terminals, or
to structure in heat conducting relation to the element to
carry away at least part of the heat produced by the element
or terminals by motion of the liquid.
(1) Note. A mere heat conducting liquid without motion or
circulation of the liquid is not classified here, but in
subclass 231 below. Where structure is claimed for
controlling or directing the heat to the liquid, or
controlling or utilizing the heated liquid for heating
purposes as opposed to mere dissipation of the heat,
classification is elsewhere (see search notes below). See
also (1) Note under subclass 53 above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 for resistors with vented or ventilating casing or
housings.
231 for resistors generally incased in a liquid. See also
(1) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
165, Heat Exchange, subclass 104.19 for a residual system
exchanging heat through a recycling fluid.
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 280+ for electric fluid
heaters. See also (1) Note above.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 22 for
dissipating terminations for long lines involving a liquid
coolant.
Subclass:
56
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter
wherein the circulating or moving liquid is also the
resistance element, and by such circulation or motion the
element is cooled or cools itself.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
222 for resistors generally with liquid elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 284+ for electric fluid
heaters, wherein the fluid is heated by the passage of
electric current directly therethrough.
Subclass:
57
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter
including a casing or housing of solid material which
substantially entirely encloses the resistance element, the
casing or housing having openings therein joining the
resistance element with the surrounding medium to permit
circulation of air or other gases to and from the resistance
element.
(1) Note. The subject matter here is restricted to casings
with vents or other openings transmitting air or other gases.
Subclasses 55+ provides for resistors with casings and
liquid cooling. Further the air or gas must be free to
circulate for classification here. Subclasses 234+ provides
for an incased, embedded or housed resistor with a gaseous or
vacuum spacing between the element and casing or housing
without the ventilation or cooling. The ventilation may be
forced as by a fan as well as naturally for classification
here. Subclasses 226+ below provides for resistors generally
with casings or housings which transmit heat through the
material to the casing or housing. A mere open ended sleeve
surrounding the resistance element is not sufficient to
constitute a vented casing for classification here, but
rather is classified in subclass 53 above, if air circulation
is present.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 51+ for resistors with heat dissipating
projections, e.g., vanes.
subclasses 53+ for resistors with ventilating passages or
spaces generally. See also (1) Note above.
subclasses 55+ for incased resistors with a liquid cooling
medium. See also (1) Note above.
subclasses 234+ for incased, embedded or housed resistors
generally with a gaseous or vacuum spacing between the
element and the casing or housing. See also (1) Note above.
277 for resistors with protecting structure such as guards,
screens, and mechanical shields.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 16.1
for a mere housing or casing for an electrical device with
means to provide for ventilation of the interior of the
casing.
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 280+ for fluid resistance
heaters. See also (1) Note under subclass 53 above.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, subclass 213 for
enclosures with ventilated openings not otherwise
classifiable.
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 59 for inductors with vented
casings.
454, Ventilation, appropriate subclasses, for ventilating
structure such as cowls, hoods and louvers.
Subclass:
58
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter
wherein the resistor is of zigzag or helical type as defined
in subclasses 283 and 296 respectively below, together with
structure which transmits or facilitates the transmission of
air or other gases to and into contact with the resistance
element for cooling purposes.
(1) Note. The ventilating structure may be air passages or
a particular spacing of the resistance element or parts
thereof to facilitate air cooling. For classification here,
the resistance element must be directly ventilated. A mere
passage in a core or support for cooling purposes and not
leading directly to the element, is not classified here, but
in such subclasses as 53 and 55+, above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53 for resistors with ventilating passages or spaces
generally. See also (1) Note above.
57 for a zigzag or helical resistor with a ventilating
casing or housing, the zigzag or helical resistor also being
ventilated.
subclasses 283+ for resistors with zigzag or sinuous
resistance elements generally.
296 for resistors with helical or wound resistance elements
generally.
Subclass:
59
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistor includes or is combined with a
mass of material which is adapted to absorb and retain
significantly well the heat produced by the resistance
element, or the heat existing in the medium surrounding the
resistor, or structure which is peculiarly adapted to support
such a mass in or on the resistor.
(1) Note. Examples of subject matter here are resistors
having a surrounding iron mass for storing the resistor heat,
or resistors having containers for storing ice.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 53+ for a resistor with a circulating gas
cooling medium.
subclasses 55+ for a resistor with a circulating liquid
cooling medium.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 400 for heat
accumulators.
Subclass:
60
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistor includes distinct structure or
arrangement of parts which reduce or eliminate the resistor
capacity or the effect of the resistor capacity in the
resistor.
(1) Note. For classification here the definite structure or
arrangement of parts must be for reducing or eliminating the
inherent capacity of the resistor as opposed to some type of
electric shielding to reduce the effect of external capacity
(e.g., hand capacity) on the resistor. Resistors having
shielding to reduce or eliminate external capacity effects
are classified in 64+ below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for resistors having structure to reduce or eliminate
inductance or the effect of inductance on the resistance.
subclasses 64+ for resistors having electrical shielding.
See also (1) Note above.
334 for resistors electrically connected to other electric
devices, and not elsewhere classified.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses
271+ for capacitors combined with some other type of
subject matter.
Subclass:
61
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistor includes distinct structure or
arrangement of parts which reduce or eliminate the resistor
inductance or the effect of the resistor inductance in the
resistor.
(1) Note. For classification here definite structure or
arrangement of parts must be present to reduce or eliminate
the inductance. A resistor with a coated, granular, or
straight rod resistance element, for example, which
inherently has a relatively low inductance, is not classified
here, but in such subclasses as 223+, 308 and 322+,
respectively. Further the structure or arrangement must be
for reducing or eliminating the inherent inductance in the
resistor as opposed to some type of electric shielding to
reduce the effect of some external inductance. Subclasses
64+ below provides for resistors with electrical shields.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
60 for resistors with capacity reducing means.
64 for resistors with electrical shields.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclasses 32+
for electrical conductors with anti-inductive structure; and
especially subclasses 33+ for conductor transposition.
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 89+ for anti-inductive means to prevent or
modify the coupling between electrical systems.
336, Inductor Devices, for inductor devices of the passive
type.
Subclass:
62
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter
wherein the resistor includes an elongated resistance element
formed as two or more continuous closed coils or loops as a
spiral, helix, or toroidal winding as defined in subclass 296
below, together with additional structure or arrangement of
the coils or loops for reducing or eliminating the inductance
or the effect thereof of the coils or loops.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 296+ for resistors generally with helical or
wound resistance elements.
Subclass:
63
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter,
wherein the helical or wound resistance element is doubled on
itself, the bight being at one end of the winding and the
doubled portions of the resistance element being disposed
side by side in parallel and extending towards the other end
in a helical or wound pattern.
Subclass:
64
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including a barrier or screen for shielding at least a
part of the resistor device from external electrical,
magnetic, or electro-magnetic fields, or for protecting parts
of the device from such fields originating in another part of
the device, of for preventing the resistor device from
emanating such fields or waves containing such fields.
(1) Note. A fixed resistor with a casing or housing claimed
as an electrical shield or equivalent terminology is
classified here, and not in subclasses 226+ below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
60 for resistors having means to reduce or eliminate
capacity of the effect thereof within the resistor.
subclasses 61+ for resistors having means to reduce or
eliminate inductance or the effect thereof within the
resistor.
subclasses 266+ for resistors generally with casings or
housings not limited by claimed subject matter to electric
shielding. See also (1) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclasses 35+
for electrically shielded electrical conductors and
insulators; or electrical shields or screens not classifiable
in other main classes. See also the Search Notes under this
subclass.
334, Tuners, subclass 85 for tuners with electric and/or
magnetic shielding or housing means.
336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 84+ for inductor devices
with electric and/or magnetic shielding means.
Subclass:
65
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Subject matter
wherein the resistor is of the mechanically variable type as
defined in subclass 68 below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 68+ for mechanically variable resistors
generally.
184 for mechanically variable resistors whose contact slides
along in contact with the element together with a casing or
housing, and not limited by claimed subject matter to
electrical shielding.
199 for a mechanically variable resistor generally, with a
casing or housing not limited by claimed subject matter to
electrical shielding.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 87 for adjustable inductive
devices with electric and/or magnetic shielding means.
Subclass:
66
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Resistors which when inserted in an ignition circuit are
particularly well adapted for the suppression of undesired
currents in the circuits, which would otherwise produce
electrical disturbances, and are characterized by having
usually a heavy ceramic insulation casing, a heavy granular
bonded mixture as the material for the resistance element
incased in the insulating casing, and diverse quick
detachable terminals as one being the plug type and the other
being of the socket type.
(1) Note. For classification here the background or use
must be an ignition circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 64+ for resistors with electrical shields.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 148 for high
tension ignition circuits for internal combustion engines.
Subclass:
67
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistor is combined with some other
nonelectrical device or structure, for example, of a
mechanical or chemical type, having an added purpose or
independent utility other than to perfect the resistor, and
not otherwise classifiable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 2+ for strain gauge type resistors together with
the structure or device broadly wherein the strain is to be
determined.
subclasses 13+ for resistors with a condition sensing
actuator; especially subclass 32 for a resistor actuated by a
compass; subclass 33 for a resistor actuated by a float; and
subclass 37 for a resistor actuated by vehicle tire inflation
pressure.
50 for a resistor mounted on wheels or vehicles.
277 for a resistor with protecting structure spaced from the
element or terminal.
subclasses 315+ for a resistor with mounting or supporting
means.
334 for resistors electrically connected to other electrical
devices, and not otherwise classifiable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 50+ for electrical
resistance heaters.
Subclass:
68
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including a resistance element together with structure
for changing a dimension of the resistance element or the
effective portion of the resistance element between
terminals, as a change in the cross-sectional area or an
increase in length of the portion of the resistance element
between the terminals; and/or wherein the resistance element
is readily adapted or at least adapted for such change in a
dimension; or including structure permitting a ready change
in the position or point of electrical connection of one or
more of the terminals on the resistance element to cause a
different portion of the element to be in electrical circuit
between the terminals; or including conducting structure
which adjustably short-circuits a portion of the resistance
element between terminals; or including switching structure
which alters the resistance portion of the resistance element
in electrical circuit between terminals or which changes the
circuit relationship of the resistance element and other
resistance elements or which permits the resistance elements
to be changed in or removed from the circuit; the result in
any of the above being a change in the resistance value
between the resistance terminals or the terminals in the
circuit including the resistance element; or wherein the
resistance element is adapted for or combined with structure
for mechanically changing in some manner the resistance
element or the combination including the resistance element;
or including any other means or adaption of the resistance
element or elements for mechanically changing an arrangement
of or effecting a mechanical change in the resistance element
or elements to achieve the above mentioned result.
(1) Note. The change in resistance value as stated above is
the result of or involves some mechanical change or
adjustment on or in the resistance element or terminals,
which includes switching of the terminals. The resistance
value may be changed otherwise as by change in temperature,
electric current therethrough, or voltage applied thereof.
This subject matter is classified above, a field of search
for such subject matter being given below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for coherer type resistors.
subclasses 2+ for strain gauge type resistors.
subclasses 7+ for resistors whose resistance value is
temperature compensated.
12 for resistors which are actuated by a magnet through a
housing or partition.
subclasses 13+ for mechanically adjustable resistors which
are combined with structure which senses a change in a
condition and converts this change into a mechanical
adjustment which is applied to the mechanically adjustable
resistor to effect a mechanical adjustment therein with a
resulting change in resistance value; or for resistors which
have the property of changing their resistance value in
response to changes in associated conditions to which the
resistors are subjected, such as subclasses 15+, for
photoconductive resistors; subclasses 20+, for current and/or
voltage responsive resistors; subclasses 25+, for resistors
responsive to ambient temperature; subclass 32, for resistors
responsive to a magnetic field or compass; subclass 33, for
resistors with a float actuator; subclasses 34+ for resistors
with gas, vapor, or moisture absorbing or collecting;
subclasses 36+ for fluid or gas pressure actuated resistors;
subclasses 43+ for resistors gravity stabilized or with an
inertia actuator; and subclass 47 for force actuated
resistors.
60 for resistors with capacitance reducing means.
subclasses 61+ for resistors with inductance reducing
means.
subclasses 64+ for resistors with electrical shielding.
66 for ignition interference suppressor type resistors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, for
electrical circuit makers and breakers, per se.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 293+ and subclasses 364+ for regulation systems
including a resistor and subclasses 340+ for regulation
systems including tap changing.
329, Demodulators, subclass 371 for a coherer type amplitude
modulation demodulator.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 81 for
attenuators, which may be variable.
336, Inductor Devices, appropriate subclasses, for adjustable
inductor devices.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses
277+ for variable capacitors.
439, Electrical Connectors, appropriate subclasses, for
electrical connectors.
455, Telecommunications, subclasses 120+ and 150.1+ for
radio transmitter and receiver tuners.
Subclass:
69
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
wherein a musical instrument playing key (usually an organ
key) is linked with the mechanically adjustable or variable
part of the resistor to change the resistance value in
accordance with the depression of the key.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 for mechanically variable resistors operated by a pedal
or treadle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
84, Music, subclass 1.01 for electrical tone generation and
music instruments with electric translating devices.
Subclass:
70
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
including a lamp socket together with a resistor as defined
in subclass 68 positioned within the socket, or directly on
and in engagement with the surface of the socket, and in
circuit with the terminal or terminals of the socket.
(1) Note. The lamp socket to receive the lamp is usually of
the type classifiable as such in Class 439, Electrical
Connectors. Usually when structure in addition to that
classified in Class 439 is recited, as relating to Class 240,
Illumination, or to Class 340, Communications: Electrical,
classification is not in this subclass (70) or in Class 439,
but in the more comprehensive subclass. See the Search Notes
under Classes 313 and 439 for a statement of the
classification lines between Class 439 and other classes
relating to lamp bases and sockets. The resistor must be
intimate relationship with the socket as being contained
therein or in a surface recess for classification in this
subclass (70). A mere electrical connection between the
resistor and the socket or a remote mounting of the resistor
on the socket is not sufficient for classification here.
Subclasses 315+, provides for resistors with mounting or
supporting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
184 and 199, for mechanically variable resistors in housings
generally.
215 for resistors generally with a switch.
219 for resistors generally mounted in or on a lamp socket.
See also the Search Notes under this subclass for a more
extended field of search for this subject matter.
220 for resistors generally in a detachable electrical
connector.
Subclass:
71
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter
wherein the resistor includes (1) two or more separate and
distinct masses, including grains, of resistance material, or
(2) a distinct and separate mass of resistance material and a
mass of conductive material are in exterior surface
engagement with one another, together with means for varying
the surface engagement pressure to vary the contact
resistance between the engaging surfaces, i.e., the resistor
is of the type defined in subclass 99 below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 99+ for mechanically variable resistors whose
surfaces are pressed together generally. See also the Search
Notes under this subclass for field of search for this
subject matter.
Subclass:
72
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter
wherein the resistor, a plurality of otherwise electrically
separate conducting structures, are each electrically
connected to an elongated resistance element along its
length, and a terminal movable among the conducting
structures to constitute a contact on such structures as
defined in subclass 185 below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 185+ for mechanically variable resistors
generally with an intervening connector between the contact
and element, e.g., taps. See also the Search Notes under
this subclass for a field of search for resistors of this
type.
Subclass:
73
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter
wherein the resistor, a movable contact, pivots about an axis
to slide in a circular path along a resistance element as
defined in subclasses 162+ below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 162+ for mechanically variable resistors where
the contact is angularly slidable on a resistance element.
See also the Search Notes under this subclass for a field of
search for resistors of this type.
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter
wherein in the resistor, the contact terminal, moves in a
straight path over or along a resistance element, the contact
terminal remaining in contact with the element as it slides
along as defined in subclass 176 below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
176 for mechanically variable resistors wherein the contact
is rectilinearly slidable over the resistance element. See
also the Search Notes under this subclass for a field of
search for resistors of this type.
Subclass:
75
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
including structure, such as a wiper, for removing dirt or
other material from the resistor, as from the contacting
surfaces of the resistance element or the contact movable
thereon.
Subclass:
76
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
including two or more physically similar resistors of
different resistance values together with means effecting or
permitting a change or substitution of one resistor for the
other in an associated electrical circuit, i.e., both
terminals of one resistor are separable from the electrical
circuit and the terminals of the other resistor are connected
in the electrical circuit in a corresponding position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77 for plug boxes.
subclasses 185+ for mechanically variable resistors of the
tap type.
subclasses 200+ for mechanically variable resistors
generally including a switch for effecting a change in the
resistance value.
Subclass:
77
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
including a base or panel having a single resistor or a
plurality of resistors mounted thereon or in a box or
housing, the panel constituting a cover therefor, together
with terminals mounted on the panel and electrically
connected along the length of a single resistor or to the
ends of the plurality of resistors, the terminals having
openings therein or providing openings; and including also
terminal plugs adapted to be removably inserted in the
openings to short-circuit respective resistors or portions
thereof, or to connect the resistors in series or parallel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 92+ for mechanically variable resistors
including means adjustably short-circuiting the resistance
element.
subclasses 185+ for tap type mechanically variable
resistors.
subclasses 200+ for a mechanically adjustable resistor
combined with a switch.
215 for resistors generally combined with switches.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclasses 50+
for boxes and housings generally for electrical devices.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses
627+ for distribution or control panel board.
Subclass:
78
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
wherein a resistor or plurality of resistors as there defined
is combined with or includes an electric switch in a common
electric circuit, the switch being effective to reverse the
electric current at the output terminals of the resistor with
respect to the current applied at the input terminals.
(1) Note. Usually the resistor and switch have a common
actuator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 200+ for mechanically adjustable or variable
resistors combined with switches in general. See the Search
Notes under this subclass for a more extended field of search
for a variable resistor combined with a switch.
215 for a fixed resistor combined with a switch. See also
the Search Notes under this subclass for a more extended
field of search for this combination.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclasses 293+
and 300 for motor reversing systems which involve reversal of
the armature or field current.
Subclass:
79
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is wound on a core, and is
adapted to be unwound therefrom as on a second core to change
the value of the resistance between terminals.
(1) Note. Examples of subject matter here include a
resistor whose element is wound from an insulating core to a
conducting core, the conducting core short-circuiting the
portion of the resistance element wound thereon; and a
resistor whose element is wound between two cores with a
contact slidably engaging the portion of the element between
cores.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 150+ for variable resistors in which the
resistance element moves.
subclasses 296+ for helical or wound resistors generally.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 370+ for a
general use reeling device which unwinds and rewinds the same
material.
334, Tuners, subclass 38 for a tuner having a reactance
element which is adapted to be wound or unwound from a core
or support.
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 15 for inductor devices with
coil winding and/or unwinding.
Subclass:
80
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is a liquid, the resistance
value of the resistor being changed as by modifying the
dimensions of the element or the spacing between terminals or
electrodes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for a resistor with a liquid element whose resistance
value is responsive to ambient temperature; subclass 38 for
such resistors whose resistance value is responsive to fluid
or gas pressure; and subclass 44 for such resistors which are
gravity stabilized or with an inertia actuator.
56 for a resistor whose element constitutes a circulating
cooling medium.
88 for penetrating type resistors with a powdered resistance
element.
100 for compressible type resistors with a granular
resistance element.
subclasses 114+ for deformable variable resistors. 156, for
variable resistors having a liquid contact movable over the
resistance element.
222 for a resistor generally with a liquid element.
223 for a resistor generally with a granular or powdered
element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclass 296 for regulation systems having a liquid
resistor.
329, Demodulators, appropriate subclasses for demodulator
with liquid element.
Subclass:
81
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein one of the terminals or electrodes is removable from
the liquid resistance element, as by raising the electrode
from the liquid element or by lowering the level of the
liquid element from the electrode, thus to make and break the
circuit between the liquid element and the electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
173 for a resistor whose contact is angularly slidable on
the resistance element and separable from the element; and
subclass 178 for such resistors whose contacts are
rectilinearly slidable.
198 for a mechanically variable resistor with a switch
actuated by the resistor actuator.
Subclass:
82
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
including an insulating barrier or curtain which is
positioned transversely to the current path through the
liquid element between the electrodes, the barrier or curtain
being adjustable in and out of this current path to change
the effective length of the current path between the
electrodes and/or the effective cross-sectional area of the
path between the electrodes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
114 for deformable resistors generally.
Subclass:
83
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein one of the terminals or electrodes in the liquid
element is movable with respect to another electrode or
terminal in the element to effect a change in the distance
between the electrodes to change the resistance value between
the terminals.
(1) Note. For classification here there must be a change in
the physical spacing of the electrodes. A mere change in the
effective spacing of the electrodes in the resistance element
as by adjusting the submersion of tapered electrodes in the
liquid resistor is not classified here (see search note
below).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86 for a liquid resistor whose liquid level is adjustable on
the electrodes. See also (1) Note above.
subclasses 87+ for a mechanically variable resistor whose
contact is adjustably inserted into a nonliquid resistance
element.
137 for resistors wherein a plurality of contacts are
movable over a single resistance element.
Subclass:
84
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of resistors as there defined have an
electrode of one mechanically linked with a corresponding
electrode of another so that the two electrodes move in
unison through the liquid element of the respective
resistors; or wherein a single resistor as there defined
includes a plurality of electrodes which are mechanically
linked together to move in unison through the liquid element
of the resistor toward and away from another electrode of the
resistor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 130+ plural ganged resistors of the type where a
contact moves over the length of the resistance element.
Subclass:
85
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the electrodes is rotatable to effect
the change in distance through the liquid element to another
electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for a resistor whose value changes in response to a
magnetic field.
Subclass:
86
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
including structure for raising or lowering the level of the
liquid resistance element with respect to the electrodes
inserted in the liquid element; or including structure for
moving or permitting movement of the electrodes up and down
in the liquid element.
(1) Note. This subclass includes resistors whose effective
electrical length between electrodes is varied by adjusting
the submersion of electrodes in a liquid. See search notes
below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for float actuated resistors.
subclasses 55+ for resistors with cooling liquid
circulation.
subclasses 83+ for resistors whose electrodes are
relatively movable in the liquid element to change the
distance between the electrodes through the element, and see
the (1) note under that definition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclass 296 for regulation systems having a liquid
resistor.
Subclass:
87
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
wherein a contact extends into the resistance element and is
movable therein to vary the spacing through this resistance
element between this contact and another contact, thus to
vary the resistance value between the contacts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 80+ for mechanically variable liquid resistors.
subclasses 92+ for mechanically variable resistors whose
resistance elements are adjustably short-circuited.
322 for resistors with a driven or pressed terminal.
331 for resistors generally whose element surrounds one of
the terminal.
Subclass:
88
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is granular or powdered, the
contact usually being formed as a pin or other elongated
object to penetrate into the powdered or granular element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
100 for compressible type granular resistors.
subclasses 223+ for resistors generally with granular or
powdered elements.
Subclass:
89
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
wherein, in the variable resistor, a definite mathematical
relationship exists between movement of the resistor
actuating means and the value of the resistance appearing
across the resistor terminals.
(1) Note. Examples of the relationship appearing in this
subclass are sinusoidal and logarithmic. A mere tapered
variable resistor is not classified here (see search this
class, subclass notes below), unless the definite mathematic
relationship that the taper produces is recited in the
specification or claims.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
135 for mechanically variable resistors with zero setting or
phasing.
subclasses 138+ for mechanically variable resistors having
a tapered element. See also (1) Note, above.
subclasses 217+ for tapered resistors generally.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
235, Registers, subclasses 61+ for resistors having a
mathematical characteristic in a calculator.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclass 298 and 354 for periodically varied impedance
systems.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 81 for
attenuators.
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 224 for inductors having
nonuniformly spaced turns. See also the Search Notes
thereunder for a more extensive search for this subject
matter.
708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating, subclasses 800+ for resistors having a
mathematical characteristic in an electrical calculator.
Subclass:
90
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is formed as a surface having
significant width as well as length, together with a
contactor relatively movable not only lengthwise but
crosswise over the surface of the element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
116 for electric motor driven resistors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclass 140 for
impedance type converters.
Subclass:
91
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter
including a mechanical linkage in or an arrangement of the
resistor actuator producing some peculiar operating
characteristic to contribute to the mathematical
relationship.
(1) Note. Examples of subject matter present here include a
cam and follower linkage or an eccentric mounted contact
movable over an annular resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
116 for electric motor driven resistors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclass 140 for
impedance type converters.
Subclass:
92
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
wherein the resistor includes an elongated element together
with conductive structure connected at spaced points being
adjustable along the length of the element; or wherein the
resistance element is bent upon itself so that two points
along the length of the element adjustably contact
electrically to effectively eliminate electrically the
portion between the two points from the electric path through
the resistor, i.e., a variable portion of the resistance
element is shunted; or wherein a conducting mass such as a
liquid is adjustably connected along the length of the
element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77 for adjustable resistors of the plug box type.
79 for mechanically variable resistors with element winding
and/or unwinding.
subclasses 87+ for adjustable resistors wherein a contact
adjustably penetrates into the element.
subclasses 118+ for mechanically variable resistors wherein
a contact moves over the length of the resistance element;
and especially subclass 120, for such resistors whose element
is adjustably shunted by an additional resistor; and
subclasses 122+, for such resistors with coarse and fine
resistance elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclass 353, for regulation systems.
Subclass:
93
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter
in which the resistance element is formed as a compressible
spring (usually helical), the convolutions of the spring
coming into contact upon compression to short-circuit at
least a portion of the length of the resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 99+ for compressible type variable resistors
generally.
subclasses 114+ for mechanically variable resistors whose
elements are deformable.
Subclass:
94
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter
including a conducting liquid as the resistance element short
circuiting means, a portion of the elongated resistance
element being adjustably inserted in the conducting liquid to
short-circuit the portion of the element so inserted, or the
conducting liquid being adjustable along any intervening
structure, if present, such as taps.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for a mechanically variable resistor whose element is a
liquid.
151 for a mechanically variable resistor whose element moves
with reference to a liquid contact.
156 for a mechanically variable resistor having a liquid
contact adjustable along the length of the resistance
element.
222 for liquid resistors generally.
Subclass:
95
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of otherwise electrically separate
conducting structures are each electrically connected to the
resistance element along its length, the short circuiting
structure being adjustably connected between these conducting
structures.
(1) Note. The separate conducting structures themselves may
be pressed into contact with one another to form in
themselves the short circuiting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94 for a tap type resistor whose element is adjustably
short-circuited by a conducting liquid.
185 for variable resistors of the tap type.
198 and 200+, for variable resistors with switches.
Subclass:
96
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter
wherein a flexible elongated conductor has an end
electrically connected to a terminal of the resistance
element or to the element itself at a point along its length,
the conductor being adapted to be pressed into engagement
with and along the length of the elongated conductor, the
engaging portion extending from the connection to the
resistance element and progressively increasing as the strip
is pressed into contact with the element, whereby an
adjustable length of the element is shunted by the
conductor.
(1) Note. Usually the flexible contact or the element has a
curved surface to space adjacent portions of the contact and
element until pressed into engagement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
95 for a tap type resistor wherein a flexible short
circuiting contact strip progressively engages along the taps
of a resistance element.
154 for a mechanically variable resistor where a flexible
conductive strip separates the resistance element and the
contact movable along the element.
155 for a variable resistor with a contact which rocks along
the resistance element.
157 for a variable resistor with a contact which rolls along
the element.
Subclass:
97
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element has portions extending in
parallel spaced relationship and a conducting bridge
extending between the parallel portions being movable
lengthwise therealong.
(1) Note. In this subclass the bridging element shorts a
single resistance element, while in subclasses 125+ a
plurality of resistance elements are connected by a unitary
movable bridge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 125+ for variable resistors wherein a plurality
of resistance elements are bridged by a unitary movable
contact. See also (1) Note above.
Subclass:
98
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
including structure associated with the mechanically
adjustable portion of the resistor for retarding the
adjustment of the resistor over at least a portion of the
adjustment range, or for eliminating or reducing vibration.
(1) Note. Examples of motion damping means are fans, speed
responsive brakes, or damping liquids. The subject matter of
this subclass includes structure for slowing down the desired
mechanical adjustments of the resistor as to prevent hunting
of the resistor. Structure for eliminating or offsetting or
otherwise controlling the effect of vibration in
photo-conductive resistors is in subclass 16 above, while
subclasses 315+ provides for resistors generally with
anti-vibration supports.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16 for photo-conductive resistors with vibration control.
See also (1) Note above.
subclasses 43+ for resistors responsive to a gravity
stabilized or inertia device.
subclasses 80+ for mechanically variable resistors with a
liquid element.
171 for variable resistors with a contact slidable on the
resistance element, the contact having plural element
engaging portions, which may reduce the effect of vibration.
subclasses 315+ for resistors generally with anti-vibration
supports. See also (1) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Brakes, subclass 86 for fluid and mechanical internal
resistance brakes including dashpots.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 34
for electrical switches with dashpots.
Subclass:
99
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
wherein (1) two or more separate and distinct masses,
including grains, of resistance material or (2) a distinct
and separate mass of resistance material and a mass of
conductive material are in exterior surface engagement with
one another, together with means for varying the surface
engagement pressure to vary the contact resistance between
the engaging surfaces.
(1) Note. The masses may be layers of solids, or granular,
or fibrous such as steel wool, or coated materials. The
conducting mass may be a terminal.
(2) Note. In this subclass the resistance value is varied
by the change in contact pressure between the two masses.
While in subclasses 2+ and 114+ the cross section area or
length of the element itself may be changed by compression to
vary the resistance value.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for coherer type resistors.
subclasses 47+ for force actuated resistors.
subclasses 51+ for resistors with heat dissipating
projections, such as vanes.
subclasses 70+ for a lamp socket having a compressible type
resistor therein or thereon.
93 for a compressible spring type variable resistor whose
element is adjustably short-circuited.
subclasses 114+ for a mechanically variable resistor whose
element is deformable to vary the resistance value. See also
(2) Note above.
subclasses 204+ for fixed resistance elements formed of
layers piled or stacked between terminals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclass 295 for regulation systems including a pressure
variable resistor.
Subclass:
100
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the resistance masses is granular or
powdered in form.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for coherer type resistors.
88 for penetrating type resistors having granular resistance
elements.
199 for a mechanically adjustable resistor generally with a
casing or housing.
subclasses 223+ for granular or powdered resistors
generally.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
330, Amplifiers, subclass 61 for carbon microphone type
amplifiers.
Subclass:
101
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter
wherein two or more masses of resistance material are formed
as wafers or discs and are disposed on top of one another to
form a pile, the engagement pressure being applied axially
along the pile.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for a mechanically variable resistor generally whose
resistance element is formed as a pile.
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
together with a contact which is adjustable along the length
of the pile to permit a varying portion of the pile to be
connected in the circuit associated with the contact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
48 for plural separate diverse resistors.
subclasses 118+ for a mechanically variable resistor
generally having a contact electrically adjustable over the
length of the resistance element.
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
including an electromechanical transducer such as an electric
motor or a magnetic relay, the moving part such as the
armature of the transducer being mechanically linked with the
piles to compress or to release the pressure on the piles
upon application of electric energy to the transducer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
116 for mechanically variable resistors generally operated
by an electric motor or relay.
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter
including two electromagnetic operators each applying a
positive compressive or releasing force to a respective end
of the pile, or a linkage connected with a single
electromagnetic operator for applying a positive compressive
or releasing force to both ends of the pile.
(1) Note. For classification here an actual force must be
applied to both ends of the pile. A mere abutment at one end
which exerts a holding force in opposition to the force
applied at the other end by the relay or motor is not
sufficient for classification here, but elsewhere under
subclass 103.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter
including a biasing spring usually disc shaped coaxially
disposed at an end of the pile between the pile and the
electromagnetic operator for exerting a compressive or
releasing force on the pile in opposition to the force
applied by the electromagnetic operator.
(1) Note. The subject matter here usually includes a relay
whose armature acts to compress or release the pile, the
diaphragm spring being coaxially disposed between the
armature and the pile with its center acting on the pile and
supported entirely around the periphery or at, at least three
peripheral points.
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter
including structure such as a screw for applying a
compressive force on the pile in addition to that applied by
the electromagnetic operator, or on the spring, if any, which
exerts a pressure releasing force on the pile in opposition
to that exerted by the electromagnetic operator, the
structure being adjustable as to compensate for surface wear
in the piles during use.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 for compressible pile type resistors generally with an
initial pressure adjustment.
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
including a retaining or positioning magnet for locking or
holding the pressure controlling means in a predetermined
position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 12+ for resistors wherein a movable magnet
actuates the resistor through a housing or partition.
subclasses 103+ for compressible pile type resistors whose
pressure controlling means are actuated by an electromagnet.
189 for tap type variable resistors including a magnetic
holder for the controller arm.
Subclass:
108
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
including structure mechanically linked with the means for
varying the engagement pressure of the contact surfaces, and
peculiarly adapted for operation by the foot or knee, as by
being operable by a push, and including structure such as a
spring for returning to the initial position upon removal of
the pushing force, and including a portion shaped to
facilitate engagement with the foot as by being shaped like
the sole of the foot or having a substantially flat foot
engaging surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 for resistors having a contact movable along an
elongated resistor, and operated by a pedal or treadle.
215 for a fixed resistor and switch combination which may be
operated by a pedal or treadle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 512+ for foot
operated linkage systems; subclass 515 for knee operated
linkage systems; and subclasses 560+ for pedal type levers.
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
including structure such as a screw for applying a
compressive force to the pile in addition to that applied by
the structure normally varying the resistance value of the
pile as by compression, the first mentioned structure being
adjustable as to compensate for surface wear in the piles
during use.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
106 for pile type resistors with an electromagnetic operator
and including an initial pressure adjustment.
Subclass:
110
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
including a switch, which is operatively linked with the
means for varying the engagement pressure of the engaging
surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
198 for variable resistors generally and a switch actuated
by the resistor actuator.
subclasses 200+ for variable resistors combined with
switches generally.
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
wherein a layer or coating of conducting material is provided
between two adjacent wafers of the pile.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205 for a resistor whose element is piled or stacked in
layers between terminals with an intervening conducting
layer.
Subclass:
112
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
wherein normally only a portion of the facing surfaces of the
pile discs are in actual physical contact, the discs being
flexible or resilient, the means for varying the engagement
pressure and when actuated increasing and/or decreasing the
portion of the facing surfaces in actual physical contact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
96 for a mechanically variable resistor having a contact
strip progressively pressed along the resistance element.
subclasses 114+ for mechanically variable resistors whose
elements are deformable.
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
wherein the means for varying the contact pressure includes a
resilient spring in the linkage which transmits the pressure
to the pile or on the end of the pile opposite to that where
the compressive force is applied, the spring serving to
progressively apply the contact pressure to the pile.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 for pile type compressible resistors which are operated
by a pedal or treadle, and which include a resilient spring
in the pressure applying linkage.
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
including a flexible or deformable unitary mass of resistance
material together with structure for modifying the shape of
the mass, as by increasing the length or reducing the cross
sectional area of the mass between terminals, to change the
resistance value between the terminals.
(1) Note. The mass may be granular. However, where the
resistance value is changed by changing the surface pressure
between the grains classification is in subclass 100 above.
In this subclass (114) the shape of the resistance element
itself is changed to modify the resistance value between the
terminals.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 2+ for strain gauge type resistors.
subclasses 99+ for variable resistors whose surfaces are
presses together, variation in the pressure changing the
resistance value between terminals.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
wherein the element is formed of a plurality of layers of
resistance material which layers are piled or stacked
transversely to the direction of current flow through the
resistance element, i.e., so that the current flowing through
the resistance element will flow from pile to pile.
(1) Note. Usually the resistance element is formed of a
plurality of plates or disks of resistance material which are
connected together directly or through other plates or disks
of conductive material. The plates or disks are piled
transversely along the length of the element, as between the
resistance terminals or transversely to the path of movement
of a contact moving along the resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 7+ for a pile type resistor whose resistance
value is temperature compensated.
52 for a pile type resistor with heat dissipating
projections.
subclasses 101+ for pile type compressible resistors.
subclasses 204+ for fixed resistors whose elements are
formed in layers piled or stacked between terminals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses
117+ for high voltage dissipators, per se, wherein the
discharge path may be resistive disks or buttons.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a plural layer stock material product, note
subclass 411 for a plural layer material, one layer being of
resistive material and one or more layers being conductive,
so as to constitute one or more terminals; see especially
subclasses 457+.
442, Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth,
Etc.), subclass 117 for a coated or impregnated fabric which
is electrical insulating or conductivity reducing.
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
including an electromechanical transducer such as a electric
motor or a magnetic relay, the moving part such as the
armature of the transducer being mechanically linked with a
mechanically moving operating part of the resistor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 12+ for a resistor actuated by a movable magnet
through a housing or partition.
32 for a resistor whose resistance value is responsive to a
magnetic field.
subclasses 36+ for resistors which are fluid or gas
pressure actuated, and including variable resistors operated
by fluid motors.
98 for a mechanically variable resistor with a motion
dampening means such as a dashpot.
subclasses 103+ for a pile type compressible resistor with
an electromagnetic operator; and subclass 107 for such
resistors with an electromagnetic holder.
189 for a mechanically variable resistor of the tap type
including a magnetic holder.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate
subclasses, for electric motor structure.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate
subclasses, for motor control systems including variable
resistors.
334, Tuners, subclasses 17+ for tuner units with an
electromagnetic operator.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, subclasses 209+ for magnets and
electromagnets.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
wherein a resistor whose element is usually a cylindrical
helix presents a cylindrical helical contact portion of one
turn or less on the surface of the element or a cylindrical
helical row of taps of one turn or less electrically
connected to the resistance element to a linear contacting
member or linear row of taps extending alongside and
coextensive with the helical contact portion or row of taps,
the helical contact portion or row of taps being rotatable to
move the point of contact along the length of the helical
contact portion or helical row of taps and along the length
of the linear contacting member or linear row of taps; or
wherein a resistor whose element is usually a cylindrical
helix presents a linear contact portion on its surface or a
linear row of taps electrically connected with the resistance
element to a cylindrical helical contacting member of one
turn or less or to a cylindrical helical row of taps of one
turn or less or to an elongated flat twisted contacting
member, the twist being through 1805 or less, the contacting
member or helical row of taps extending alongside and
coextensive with the linear contact portion or linear row of
taps, and being rotatable to move the point of contact along
the length of the linear contact portion or linear row of
taps and along the length of the helical or twisted
contacting member or along the length of the helical row of
taps.
(1) Note. In this subclass the point of contact moves along
the length of both contacting members upon rotation of one of
the members, while in subclasses 143+ below the point of
contact moves along one of the members, namely the helical
resistance element and remains fixed on the other member,
namely the contact upon rotation of the helical resistance or
the contact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 143+ for a variable resistor whose contact moves
along the turns of a helical resistance element. See also
(1) Note above.
Subclass:
118
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element has an elongated shape, or a
plurality of resistance elements are connected in a series,
which shape or series may be straight or curved, together
with at least two conducting terminals, electrically
connected to the element by direct connection or through one
of a plurality of intervening connecting structures each
electrically connected to the element or series of elements
along the length, one of the terminals forming a contact for
the element and being movable along the length of the element
or selectively among the plurality of intervening connecting
structures to constitute a contact or contacts for the
element or intervening portion to enable an adjustable
portion of the length of the element or elements to be
electrically connected between the terminals, the resistance
value of the portion thus depending on the position or
setting of the movable terminal or terminals.
(1) Note. The path of motion of the terminals need not be
fixed for classification here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 70+ for a mechanically variable resistor in or
on a lamp socket.
117 for mechanically variable resistors having slidable
helical and linear contacts.
subclasses 200+ for a variable resistor including a
switch.
202 for movable contact structure for variable resistors and
not otherwise classifiable.
215 for a fixed resistor together with a switch.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, especially
subclass 4, 6+ and 16 for multiple circuit control switches
with movable contacts.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
including a light which is turned on and off in accordance
with the adjustment of the movable contact, or whose
intensity of illumination is dependent on the adjustment of
the movable contact.
(1) Note. Usually the subject matter here includes a
switching rheostat, the light indicating whether the switch
is open or closed; or a rheostat wherein the illumination of
the light varies with the setting of the rheostat.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
196 for mechanically variable resistors generally with a
resistor actuator position indicator or with a resistor
setting indicator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 252 for pilot
lights responsive to the condition of electrical apparatus;
and subclasses 366+ for visual electric signaling generally.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein an additional resistor is connected in parallel with
a portion (less than the entire length of the resistance
element), at least one of the connections to the resistance
element being adjustable along the length of the element
and/or the resistor being adjustable in resistance value.
(1) Note. The purpose of this shunting resistor is to
modify the resistance value along the length of the element
to secure particular relationships (linear or nonlinear)
between the movement of the contact and the resistance value
appearing across the resistor terminals. See subclasses 89+
for adjustable resistors where a definite mathematical
relationship exists between the resistance value across the
resistor terminals and movement of the contact, and subclass
121 for adjustable resistors of the movable contact type with
structure for securing a linear relationship between the
resistance value across the resistor terminals and movement
of the contact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 89+ see (1) Note above.
121 see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
including structure which insures the same change in
resistance value across the terminals with a given change or
movement of the resistor actuator throughout the full
operating range of the resistor, i.e., a straight line
relationship exists between the value of the resistance
across the terminals and the movement of the resistor
actuator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 89+ for mechanically variable resistors wherein
a definite mathematical relationship exists between the value
of the resistance across the terminals and movement of the
resistor actuator.
120 for a resistor with a contact electrically adjustable
over the length of theelement, together with an additional
resistor which shunts the element at adjustably spaced
points, which may connect for nonlinearities.
135 for a variable resistor of the movable contact type
having a zero setting or phasing means.
subclasses 138+ for tapered resistors of the mechanically
variable type.
195 for resistors varied by removing or adding material
which may give a linear effect.
202 for movable contact structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 224 for inductors having
nonuniform spaced turns which may give a linear effect.
Subclass:
122
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
including two electrically connected resistance elements or a
single element having relatively small and large resistance
values per unit length along the element or elements, so that
greater adjustment of a contact over one of the elements or
portions thereof will be necessary to effect a given change
in resistance value across the resistor terminals.
(1) Note. Vernier actuating structure for the movable
contact is not classified here, but in subclasses 181 and 202
below.
(2) Note. The contact may move over one or both resistance
elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
131 for ganged mechanically adjustable resistors with
resistance elements individually adjustable.
181 for a variable resistor with a contact rectilinearly
slidable, the contact being operated by a screw as a fine
adjustment. See also (1) Note above.
202 for movable contact structure for variable resistors,
the structure including a vernier mechanism. See also (1)
Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 10+ for radio
tuner type shaft operators.
Subclass:
123
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter
wherein the two resistance elements have each a contact
movable thereon, the contacts being electrically connected.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
134 for plural resistors individually operated by concentric
shafts.
Subclass:
124
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Subject matter
wherein some mechanical interlinking exists between the
movable contacts, as for example to cause the contacts to
move together yet permitting a limited independent vernier
adjustment of the fine contact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
131 for plural mechanically variable resistors whose
contacts are ganged, and with additional structure for
adjusting individually the resistance values of the
respective elements of the resistors.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein a movable contact structure contacts a plurality of
resistance elements or a plurality of series of taps or other
contact structure electrically connected with the respective
resistance elements, to provide a conducting bridge between
the elements where contact is made.
(1) Note. Subject matter here is usually a single contact
bar slidable over the surface of two resistance elements to
change the resistance value between terminals at the ends of
the respective elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 92+ for a variable resistor with an element
short circuiting means.
subclasses 130+ for plural resistors having ganged resistor
actuators.
Subclass:
126
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter
wherein the elements or the series of taps or other structure
connected to the elements are arranged in parallel, i.e., the
spacing therebetween is uniform.
(1) Note. Two circular arrangements of the elements or taps
with uniform spacing are considered parallel for
classification here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
97 for a mechanically variable resistor wherein portions of
the resistance element are in parallel and a unitary short
circuiting bridge movable thereon. See also (1) Note under
subclass 97.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter
wherein the resistance elements or series of taps or other
structure connected to the elements have a circular shape or
arrangement, and lie in a common circle with the bridging
contact extending across the circle and rotating about the
center.
Subclass:
128
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
including two or more resistors, each being of the type
defined in subclass 118.
(1) Note. For classification here each resistor must
include at least an element and movable contact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14 for a resistor whose resistance value is responsive to a
plurality of conditions.
48 for plural diverse resistors there defined.
76 for plural interchangeable resistors of different
resistance value.
84 for plural ganged liquid resistors.
subclasses 122+ for resistors with coarse and fine
resistance elements.
subclasses 137+ for a variable resistor with a single
element and a plurality of contacts.
320 for plural resistors generally with a support. See also
the Search Notes under this subclass for a more extensive
field of search for plural resistors.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter
including structure which prevents operation of one resistor
until a second resistor has completed a definite cycle of
operation, i.e., the first resistor is operated after the
operating cycle of the second resistor or is placed in
condition to be operated after the opening cycle of the
second resistor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122 for resistors with coarse and fine elements such as
vernier.
subclasses 130+ for ganged mechanically adjustable
resistors.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter
wherein the contact structures, or the resistance elements if
movable, of the respective resistors are mechanically
interlinked to move in unison to adjust together the
respective contacts over the length of the resistance
elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
84 for plural ganged liquid resistors.
198 for a variable resistor and a switch actuated by the
resistor actuator.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter,
wherein the ganged resistors include structure for changing
the value of the resistance presented across the individual
resistor terminals in addition to the change in resistance
value resulting from operation of the ganged structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
135 for a mechanically variable resistor with zero setting
or phasing.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter
wherein the resistors are of the angularly adjustable contact
type, and are disposed behind one another with the contact or
element rotation occurring about a common axis; together with
an actuating shaft extending along this axis, or with the
operating shafts of the respective resistors extending along
this axis and including coupling structure to enable these
shafts to rotate in unison.
Subclass:
133
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter
wherein the contact, or the element if movable, of each
resistor moves in a substantially straight line, each
resistor usually being secured to or actuated by a linearly
moving rod or shaft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
158 for a mechanically adjustable resistor including a
contact which rolls rectilinearly over the resistance element
or taps.
subclasses 176+ for a mechanically adjustable resistor
including a contact slidable rectilinearly over the
resistance element.
194 for a mechanically adjustable resistor of the tap type
whose contact is rectilinearly movable.
Subclass:
134
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter
wherein the resistors are arranged in tandem and including
shafts which operate the respective resistors, the shafts
having a common axis and being at least partly coextensive to
surround one another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 123+ for a resistor having coarse and fine
elements, and plural contacts individually operated by
concentric shafts.
Subclass:
135
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including structure which permits movement or adjustment of
the contact relative to the resistance element in addition to
the movement or adjustment by the normal adjusting mechanism,
to establish a desired preliminary setting of the contact
relative to the resistance element, the structure maintaining
the selected positioning or adjustment during operation of
the normal contact moving mechanism; or including an
adjustable stop or abutment for setting the relative position
of the contact on the resistance element to provide zero
resistance value between the contact and the end of the
element.
(1) Note. This subclass usually includes structure which
permits adjustment of the resistance element relative to its
support, or adjustment of the contact with respect of its
operating mechanism to establish a desired preliminary
setting between the contact and the resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
120 for a resistor with a contact adjustable over the length
of the resistance element, wherein an additional resistor
adjustably shunts part of the resistance element; subclass
121 for movable contact resistors with a nonlinearity
correction; and subclass 131 for a ganged plurality of
movable contact resistors which are individually adjustable.
Subclass:
136
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein the resistor element has adjustable movable contact
taps or terminals which are adapted to be moved along the
resistance element and clamped as by a screw in direct
contact therewith so that any value of the element resistance
may be obtained.
(1) Note. Subject matter generally found in this subclass
consists of a fixed resistor with tap contacts that embrace
the resistor and are screw clamped in position. For
classification here the contact must be clamped directly to
the element. Structure generally for setting the resistance
element is classified elsewhere under subclass 118, such as
subclass 182, for rectilinearly slidable resistance contacts
with a lock.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77 for variable resistors of the plug box type.
subclasses 92+ for variable resistors having adjustable
short circuit means.
182 for variable resistors with a rectilinearly slidable
contact including a lock. See also (1) Note above.
323 for resistors having terminals tapped along the
element.
325 for resistors with three or more terminals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 150 for inductors having
taps for varying the effective inductance.
Subclass:
137
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
including a plurality of electrically separate contacts
movable over the same resistance element or movable over a
series of taps or other intervening structure connected to
the same resistance element, or connected to different series
of taps or other intervening structures which are connected
to the same resistance element.
(1) Note. For classification here the contacts must be
connected to separate terminals or through a circuit other
than a mere conductor, such as another resistor. Subclasses
92+ provides for plural contacts which short-circuit a
portion of a resistance element, and subclass 171 below
provides for a resistor with an angularly movable contact
having plural contact portions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 92+ for a mechanically variable resistor with a
resistance element short circuiting means. See also (1) Note
above.
120 for a variable resistor part of whose element is
adjustably shunted by a resistor.
subclasses 128+ for plural mechanically variable resistors,
each resistor including a contact movable over a resistance
element.
136 for a variable resistor whose contact is clamped on the
resistance element.
171 for a resistor having a contact with plural contact
portions angularly movable over the resistance element. See
also (1) Note above.
Subclass:
138
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein a physical dimension or characteristic of the
resistance element changes in one direction gradually or in a
plurality of discrete progressive steps along the element as
recited in subclass 217 below.
(1) Note. Usually the purpose of this tapered
characteristic in a variable resistor is to provide a
nonlinear relationship between the change in value of the
resistance and movement of the contact arm. Subclasses 89+
above provides for such structure where a definite
mathematical relationship exists.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 89+ for variable resistors wherein a definite
mathematical relationship exists between the value of the
resistance across the terminals and movement of the resistor
actuator. See also (1) Note above.
subclasses 217+ for tapered resistors generally.
Subclass:
139
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
wherein conductive material is disposed along or over, and in
direct engagement with the resistance element to reduce the
resistance of the element over a portion of its length to
produce a tapered effect along the length of the element.
(1) Note. Examples of subject matter found here are helical
resistors with certain of the element turns or portions of
the turns short-circuited to produce a tapered effect, or
resistance elements having conducting strips extending along
their lengths.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 92+ for a resistor having a short circuiting
means, which is adjustable to vary the resistance value.
Subclass:
140
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of electrically separate conducting
structures are each connected to the tapered resistance
element along its length together with a terminal movable
along or over the conducting structures to constitute a
contact on such structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for a mechanically tap type variable resistor in or on a
lamp socket.
154 for a variable resistor having an intermediate
conductive strip between the resistance element and the
movable member, usually to reduce wear.
subclasses 185+ for variable resistors of the tap type.
323 for a fixed resistor having a terminal tapped along the
resistance element.
325 for a resistor with three or more terminals.
Subclass:
141
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
wherein the tapered element is formed as two or more
continuous closed coils or loops as a spiral, helix, or
toroidal winding.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
218 for resistors with helical or wound tapered resistance
elements.
subclasses 263+ for resistors having a helical wound
element with a casing or housing coated on.
subclasses 267+ for incased, embedded or housed helical or
wound resistors generally.
subclasses 296+ for helical or wound resistors generally.
Subclass:
142
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
wherein the tapered resistance element is coated on a base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
292 for a resistor with a fixed zigzag or sinuous resistance
element formed as a coating.
300 for a resistor with a fixed helical resistance element
formed as a coating.
subclasses 308+ for a resistor whose element is coated on a
base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 58+ for coating
processes, per se, wherein the product has utility as an
electrical article.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclasses
156+ for a plural layer stock material in which one layer
comprises a layer which varies in thickness, and which may
involve resistance materials.
Subclass:
143
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is formed as a helix, the
contact being mounted to move around and remain in contact
with each convolution of the helix.
(1) Note. In this type of resistor the contact must be
rotated relative to the helix through substantially more than
360 deg. to move the contact from one end to the other of the
helical element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 for mechanically variable resistors with element winding
and/or unwinding.
subclasses 162+ for variable resistors with contacts that
are angularly slidable over the resistance element.
subclasses 190+ for variable resistors of the tap type
which have an angularly movable contact.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 139+ for inductors having
a contactor following a helical conductor.
Subclass:
144
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter
wherein the helical resistance element is wound on a core or
reel and is adapted to have the portion adjacent the contact
raised slightly from the surface of the core, as by having
the contact disposed between adjacent portions of the core
and the element, the portion of the element which is raised
changing with changes in the position of the contact to
remain adjacent the contact.
Subclass:
145
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter
wherein the helical resistance element is mounted for linear
or rotational movement with respect to the structure mounting
the contact, so that the position of the contact along the
helix may be changed, or the helix may be moved to provide
for an adjustment of the contact along the length of the
helix.
(1) Note. Included here are helices which rotate to permit
an adjustment of an angularly fixed contact along their
length, or helices which are moved linearly to permit
adjustment of a linearly fixed contact along their length.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43 44 and 46, for resistors responsive to change of
inclination in which the resistance element may move.
79 for mechanically variable resistors with element winding
and/or unwinding.
subclasses 80+ for variable resistors of the liquid element
type, especially subclass 86.
subclasses 150+ for resistors whose element moves with
respect to a fixed contact.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 115+ for relatively
movable inductor coils, especially subclasses 117+.
Subclass:
146
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter
wherein a helical collector or return is positioned
concentric with the helical resistor element but spaced
therefrom so that the contactor bridges across or between the
resistor element and collector ring to establish an
electrical circuit therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 125+ for a resistor having a contact bridged
across plural resistance elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 138 for inductors having
plural conductors, which may be helical, bridged by a
conducting member.
Subclass:
147
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter
wherein a relatively long resistance element is arranged in a
flat spiral configuration, the contactor track or path being
in a plane parallel with the spiral element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
207 for a fixed resistor in which the element and base are
rolled together.
297 for a helical or wound resistance element formed as a
flat spiral.
Subclass:
148
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter
wherein a threaded shaft or screw having a contactor linked
therewith is so located in relation to the helical resistor
element that rotation of the threaded shaft causes linear
travel of the contact as the contact is rotated along the
turns of the helical wound resistance element.
(1) Note. The helical screw is structure separate from and
in addition to the helical resistance element, although the
screw may be a track parallel to the helical element. Where
the contactor is moved linearly by engagement with the
helical turns of the resistance element, classification is in
the generic subclass 143 above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 180+ for a mechanically variable resistor having
a screw operated rectilinearly slidable contact.
202 for movable contact structure, per se.
Subclass:
149
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter
wherein significant stopping means is provided to positively
limit or apply a positive stop to the movement of the
contactor over the helical resistance element before reaching
an end of the element so that the contact will remain in
engagement with the element.
(1) Note. Subject matter generally found in this subclass
consists of a nut, or projection located on the operating
mechanism or housing of the resistance element, so that the
contact upon reaching a predetermined point or points, such
as the ends of the helical element, is prevented from any
further movement.
Subclass:
150
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is movably mounted in a frame,
housing, or other structure supporting the element and
contact to permit the adjustment of the contact over the
length of the resistance element.
(1) Note. Included here are resistors whose contact is
fixed and whose resistance element is rotated or moved
linearly to effect adjustment of the contact over the length
of the element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 43+ for resistors responsive to change of
inclination in which the resistance element may move.
79 for variable resistors with element winding and/or
unwinding.
subclasses 80+ for variable resistors of the liquid element
type, especially subclass 86.
subclasses 92+ for resistors having an element section
short circuiting means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 81 for
attenuators which may have movable resistance structure.
336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 115+ for relatively
movable inductor coils.
Subclass:
151
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Subject matter
wherein the contact is a liquid disposed in structure such as
a tank or trough for restraining its flow; the resistance
element having a portion in the liquid or engaging the
surface of the liquid, the portion being changed with
movement of the element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for resistors responsive to change in inclination, and
which have a liquid contact.
94 for resistors whose element is adjustably
short-circuited, and including a liquid contact.
156 for resistors having a liquid contact.
Subclass:
152
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Subject matter
including a knob, the resistance element being disposed
within the knob or directly on the surface of the knob, and
being rotatable with the knob to move along the contact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
163 for a resistor having an angularly slidable contact in
which the knob forms the casing or covering.
184 for a resistor whose contact slides along the resistance
element with a housing.
199 for mechanically variable resistors with housings.
Subclass:
153
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
including structure mechanically linked with the movable
contact of the resistor or the element where movable, and
peculiarly adapted for operation by the foot or knee, as by
being operable by a push, and including structure such as a
spring for returning to the initial position upon removal of
the pushing force, and including a portion shaped to
facilitate engagement with the foot as by being shaped like
the sole of the foot or having a substantially flat foot
engaging surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47 for resistors whose value is responsive to a force as
there defined.
108 for variable compressible resistors operated by a pedal
or treadle.
215 for a fixed resistor and switch combination which may be
operated by a pedal or treadle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 512+ for foot
operated linkage systems; subclass 515 for knee operated
linkage systems; and subclasses 560+ for pedal type levers.
Subclass:
154
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein a flexible conductive strip is disposed over the
contact or tap path of the resistance element and normally
spaced from the element or taps, the movable contact bending
the portion of the strip overlying the contact into
electrical engagement with the resistance element or taps;
the portion of the strip engaging the resistance element or
taps depending on the position of the contact.
(1) Note. The purpose of this conductive strip is usually
to reduce the wear on the resistance element or taps due to
movement of the contact over the element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 92+ for variable resistors having adjustable
short circuiting means, especially subclass 93.
Subclass:
155
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein the contact rocks over or along the resistance
element, or the intervening structure between the element and
contact such as the element taps.
(1) Note. For classification here the contact must rotate
over in the element or taps in a small arc, in any event less
than 360 deg.. Usually the contacting surface of the contact
has a length comparable to the length of the element of tap
path, and the contacting surface does not extend completely
around the contactor. Where the contact rotates at least one
revolution in passing over the length of the element or tap
path classifications is in subclasses 157+ below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
96 for a mechanically variable resistor with an element
short circuiting spring which may be progressively pressed
over the element.
subclasses 157+ for a mechanically variable resistor with a
contact which rolls over the element or tap path. See also
(1) Note above.
Subclass:
156
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein the contact or the portion of the contact which
directly engages the resistor element and through which the
electrical connection is made is a conducting liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for a resistor whose resistance value is responsive to
ambient temperature and having a liquid contact.
subclasses 34+ for a resistor responsive to liquid or
moisture in which the liquid may be the contact.
38 for a fluid or gas pressure actuated resistor with a
liquid contact.
subclasses 80+ for a mechanically variable resistor whose
resistance element is a liquid.
94 for a resistor whose element is adjustably
short-circuited, and including a liquid contact.
151 for a variable resistor wherein the resistance element
moves along a liquid contact held stationary as by gravity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 152
for circuit breakers having a contact of conducting liquid.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclass 296, for impedance systems having a resistor with a
liquid contact.
Subclass:
157
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein the movable contact has a rolling surface which rolls
along, or over, and in direct contact with the resistance
element or with the intervening structure between the element
and contact, such as the element taps.
(1) Note. Subject matter generally found in this subclass
includes a contact having a rolling or revolving surface that
rolls along or over and remains in direct contact with the
resistance element or taps as opposed to the type of contact
which slides or rubs along or over the resistance element as
classified in subclasses 160+ below. As between this subclass
(157) and subclass 155 above, the contact must make at least
a complete revolution in its adjustment over the length of
the element for classification in this subclass (157). See
also (1) Note under subclass 155.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 79+ for reel type resistors which may include a
rolling contact.
subclasses 143+ for mechanically variable resistors
involving a contact which rolls along a helical resistance
element.
155 for mechanically variable resistors whose contact rocks
along the element. See also (1) Note, above.
202 for movable contact structure such as contacts, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
191, Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles, especially
subclass 53, 56 and 63+, for trolley collectors involving
rolling contractors.
Subclass:
158
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Subject matter
wherein the rolling contact terminal rolls in a straight path
over or along the resistance element or taps.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
74 for a mechanically variable resistor having a
rectilinearly slidable contact, the resistor being mounted in
or on a lamp socket.
117 for a variable resistor having slidable helical and
linear contacts.
133 for a ganged rectilinearly operated variable resistor.
subclasses 176+ for variable resistors whose contact slides
rectilinearly over the element.
194 for a variable resistor having taps contacted by a
rectilinearly movable contact.
Subclass:
159
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein a mass of heat conducting material usually metallic
is disposed in the vicinity of the resistance element to
provide a medium for transmission of the heat from the
element along a desired and limited path.
(1) Note. The subject matter classified here provides a
distinct and limited path for the heat passage for cooling
purposes as opposed to a heat conductive casing which
dissipates the heat in all directions from the element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 25+ for resistors whose resistance value changes
with ambient temperature.
subclasses 51+ for resistors with heat dissipating
projections, e.g., vanes.
subclasses 226+ for resistors generally with a heat
conductive casing or housing. See also (1) Note, above.
Subclass:
160
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein the movable contact terminal slides or rubs along and
remains in direct contact with the resistor element while
sliding or rubbing along to enable a portion of the length of
the element to be placed in the electrical circuit.
(1) Note. The contact may be removed from the element as by
being moved off an end of the element, or raised from the
element, as for switching purposes as provided in indented
subclass 173.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86 for variable liquid resistors wherein the level of the
liquid is adjustable.
117 for a variable resistor having slidable helical and
linear contacts.
subclasses 137+ for a variable resistor having plural
moving contacts.
subclasses 138+ for variable resistors having tapered
elements.
subclasses 143+ for a variable resistor whose contactor
moves along a helical resistance element.
subclasses 150+ for variable resistors whose element moves
in relation to a fixed contact.
154 for a resistor with an intermediate contactor between
the resistance element and the contact member.
subclasses 185+ for a variable resistor having intervening
connectors between the contact and element, e.g., taps.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 137+ for inductors with
means for varying the effective coil length.
Subclass:
161
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is substantially entirely
encased or enclosed by a casing or covering with no
intervening space therebetween (i.e., the inner surface of
the casing or covering is in contact with the outer surface
of the resistance element), except for an open space in the
casing directly over the portion of the resistance element
where the contact slides.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 192+ for variable tap type resistors with
angularly movable contacts, whose resistance element is
enclosed.
subclasses 226+ for incased, embedded or housed fixed
resistors.
331 for resistors whose element is mounted in a groove in
the base.
Subclass:
162
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter
wherein the movable contact structure pivots about an axis
for the resistance element contacting portion to slide in a
circular path along the resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 for lamp socket type adjustable resistors including an
angularly slidable contact.
117 for mechanically adjustable resistors including slidable
helical and linear contacts.
subclasses 143+ for mechanically adjustable resistors
wherein the contact slides on a helical resistance element.
subclasses 190+ for mechanically variable resistors whose
contact is angularly movable over a plurality of taps.
Subclass:
163
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter
including a housing for the resistance element and contact
structure, the housing or a portion thereof being linked with
the movable contact structure and providing a knob actuating
means for this structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152 for mechanically variable resistors including a knob
enclosing a movable resistance element.
164 184 and 199, for mechanically variable resistors with
housings.
Subclass:
164
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter
including a casing with the necessary seals to prevent
passage of air, dust, or moisture to the resistor structure
contained therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
184 and 199, for variable resistors with housings not
necessarily hermetically sealed.
subclasses 226+ for incased, embedded or housed fixed
resistors.
Subclass:
165
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is straight and elongated, as
a straight rod or cylindrical helix.
(1) Note. In this subclass the element is not curved to
correspond to the arcuate swing of the contact, as is usual
under subclass 162.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102 for pile type compressible resistors with a contactor
movable along the pile.
Subclass:
166
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter
wherein the contact actuating means or a portion thereof is
readily separable from the resistor, such as a key or readily
removable knob or shaft, as to prevent unauthorized
adjustment of the resistor; or wherein structure is provided
to permit ready adjustment by some actuator not ordinarily
considered a part of the resistor such as a slot for the
blade of a screw driver.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclasses
42+ for switches having means for preventing unauthorized
use.
Subclass:
167
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter
wherein a spring or similar structure is connected between
the rotatable and the fixed structure of the resistor to bias
the contact to a fixed predetermined point in its arc of
movement, while permitting adjustment from this point against
its biasing effect.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 99+ for especially subclass 105, for
compressible resistors involving a biasing effect and
subclass 108, for compressible resistors which are pedal or
treadle operated.
subclasses 116+ for resistors adjustable by an electric
motor.
153 for pedal or treadle operated variable resistors of the
movable contact type having a contact biased along the
resistance element.
168 for an adjustable resistor having an angularly slidable
contact, and a spring between the fixed and movable parts for
conducting electric energy to the contact.
Subclass:
168
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter
wherein a flexible or resilient conductor is provided between
the movable contact and a terminal fixed on stationary
resistor structure, the ends of the conductor being secured
to the movable and stationary structure, respectively.
(1) Note. The flexible conductor may be a spring, whose
respective ends are secured to the terminal and contact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
167 for variable resistors with angularly slidable spring
loaded contacts.
Subclass:
169
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter
wherein structure is provided which permits a selective
variation in the pressure exerted by the contact on the
resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 170
for means of maintaining or adjusting pressure between the
contacts of a switch.
Subclass:
170
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter
including a spring mounted on and in addition to the contact
carrier, guide, or arm, and biasing the contact against the
resistance element.
(1) Note. A mere resilient contact arm which performs the
dual function of supporting the contact portion, and also
biasing it against the resistance element is not sufficient
for classification here, but elsewhere under subclass 162.
For classification here the biasing spring must be structure
in addition to the contact arm or carrier.
Subclass:
171
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter
wherein the contact is composed of two or more separated
portions, each portion engaging the resistance element, all
portions being slidable as a unit along the resistance
element.
(1) Note. Usually the purpose of the plural contact
portions is to maintain a more uniform electrical conduction
path between the contact arm and the resistance element as
the contact slides along the element, as to reduce circuit
noise.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16 for photoconductive resistors with vibration control.
98 for mechanically variable resistors with motion or
vibration damping means.
202 for movable contacts structure generally.
Subclass:
172
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter
wherein the mechanically variable resistor with a contact
angularly slidable on a resistance element is combined with a
separate switch or includes switching structure as an
inherent part of the resistor.
(1) Note. The switch and resistor may control the same or a
different electric circuit. The resistor and switch are
usually actuated by motion of the same shaft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
179 for variable resistors having a rectilinearly slidable
contact together with a series switch.
191 for variable resistors of the tap type with angularly
movable contacts together with a switch.
198 for variable resistors generally together with a switch
actuated by the resistor actuator.
subclasses 200+ for variable resistors generally combined
with a switch.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, appropriate
subclasses, for electric switches, per se.
Subclass:
173
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Subject matter
wherein the contact slidable on the resistance element is
separable from the element by being rotated beyond the end of
the element or by being lifted from the element (usually by
rotational or axial movement of the shaft) to break the
electric circuit through the resistance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 185+ for variable tap type resistors in which
the movable contact may be disconnected from the taps of the
resistor element during operation of the resistor.
198 for variable resistors generally with a switch actuated
by the resistor actuator.
Subclass:
174
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter
wherein a conducting ring or arcuate portion of a ring is
provided which is electrically connected to or constitutes
one terminal of the resistor, the contact or its arm or
conducting structure movable with the contact slidably
engaging the ring to convey the electrical energy from the
terminal to the contact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146 for a helical resistor with a following contact and a
helical collector bar parallel to the helical resistance
element.
188 for mechanically adjustable resistors having an
intervening connector such as a tap between the contact and
element and including a collector bar or ring.
Subclass:
175
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Subject matter
wherein the ring constitutes a bearing which directly engages
the shaft, the shaft being of conductive material.
(1) Note. The ring may be a cylindrical bearing surrounding
the shaft and engaging the cylindrical surface of the shaft,
or may be a thrust bearing engaging a groove or flange on the
shaft to prevent axial movement of the shaft. The ring for
classification here must directly engage the conducting
shaft, and not merely connect with some other structure
movable with the shaft.
Subclass:
176
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter
wherein the movable contact terminal moves in a straight path
over or along a resistance element, the contact terminal
remaining in contact with the element as it slides along.
(1) Note. Subject matter found in this subclass usually
consists of a resistor element having an elongated shape with
at least two terminals connected to the element, at least one
of the terminals being rectilinearly slidable along or over,
and in direct contact with the resistance element so that the
effective resistance of the circuit may be changed by sliding
the terminal with respect to the resistance element.
(2) Note. The contact terminal may be removed from the
element at any point in the sliding path or at an end for
switching purposes. See subclass 178 below for such subject
matter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
74 for a variable resistor having a rectilinearly slidable
contact, and mounted in or on a lamp socket.
117 for a variable resistor having slidable helical and
linear contacts.
133 for ganged rectilinearly operated variable resistors.
194 for a variable resistor having taps and a rectilinearly
movable contact.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 4
and 16 for multiple circuit control switches with
reciprocating contacts; and subclasses 76+ for snap switches
having reciprocating contacts.
Subclass:
177
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter
wherein the rectilinearly slidable contact completely
surrounds or embraces the resistance element, and contacting
the element around the entire periphery of the element.
(1) Note. Subject matter generally found in this subclass
consists of an elongated resistance element having a
rectilinearly movable conducting band or ring completely
encircling the element to form a contact having ringed
engagement entirely around the resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 92+ for variable resistors having a short
circuiting means which may include a conducting contact
completely surrounding the resistance element.
272 for incased resistors whose terminals or leads surrounds
and are secured to the casing or housing.
313 for resistors with elements extending along a base, the
terminals surrounding the base.
332 for resistors with terminals embracing or surrounding a
resistance element.
Subclass:
178
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter
wherein the rectilinearly slidable contact is adapted to
separate from the resistance element for switching.
(1) Note. Subject matter generally found in this subclass
includes a resistance element engaged by a rectilinearly
movable contact with the contact being adapted to separate or
leave the resistance element to open the electrical circuit
formed therethrough as by lifting from or sliding out of
engagement with the resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
74 for a resistor having a rectilinearly slidable contact in
or on a lamp socket and which may include switching.
subclasses 172+ for a variable resistor having an angularly
slidable contact together with switching.
179 for a variable resistor having a rectilinearly movable
contact together with a series switch.
191 for a tap type resistor having angularly movable contact
together with a switch.
subclasses 200+ for variable resistors generally with
switches.
215 for a fixed resistor combined with a switch.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclasses
76+ for switches operated by a reciprocating contact.
Subclass:
179
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter
wherein the resistor is combined with a switch in series with
the resistor.
(1) Note. Subject matter in this subclass includes a
rectilinearly movable contact which may carry an operating
means which opens or closes an electrical circuit through the
resistance element upon movement of the contact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 172+ for a variable resistor having an angularly
slidable contact together with a switch.
178 for a variable resistor having a rectilinearly slidable
contact separable from the resistance element for switching.
191 for a tap type resistor having an angularly movable
contact together with a switch.
subclasses 200+ for variable resistors generally with
switches.
215 for a fixed resistor combined with a switch.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, subclasses 2+ for electromagnetically
activated switches.
Subclass:
180
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter
including a helical screw and nut as the actuator or a part
of the actuator for the rectilinearly slidable contact.
(1) Note. Subject matter in this subclass usually includes
a screw threaded shaft having a slider located thereon with
the slider carrying a contact brush engaging a resistance
element. Upon rotation of the shaft the slider and contact
brush are moved rectilinearly over the resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 87+ for a variable resistor of the penetrating
type which may be screw operated.
117 for a variable resistor with slidable helical and linear
contacts which may be screw operated.
125 for resistors with plural elements bridged by a movable
contact which may be screw operated.
148 for a resistor whose contact follows the helical turns
of the resistance element with the contact being screw
operated.
Subclass:
181
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter
including structure which permits sliding the contact along
the resistance element by direct application of linear force
on the contact for a coarse adjustment of the contact, the
screw providing a fine or vernier adjustment.
(1) Note. Usually here the screw and nut threads are
readily separable, or the threads have a large pitch to
permit direct adjustment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 122+ for mechanically variable resistors with
coarse and fine resistance elements.
Subclass:
182
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter
including means for securing the contact at some definite
point on the resistance element to prevent motion of the
contact in both directions along the element.
(1) Note. A mere stop which prevents motion of the contact
in one direction is not classified here, but in the generic
subclass 176 above. Subject matter generally found in this
subclass includes a rectilinearly movable contact having some
means, usually a nut or screw, to secure the contact to some
point on the resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
131 for ganged plural variable resistors, the resistors
being individually adjustable.
135 for variable resistors with zero setting or phasing
means.
136 for a resistor with a contact clamped on the resistance
element.
Subclass:
183
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter
including a conducting bar extending parallel to the
resistance element and constituting one terminal of the
resistor, the rectilinearly slidable contact electrically
bridging and sliding along both the resistance element and
the conducting bar.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 174+ for a mechanically variable resistor with
an angularly slidable contact and a collector ring.
188 for a mechanically variable resistor of the tap type
having a collector bar or ring.
Subclass:
184
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
including a casing or housing which substantially encloses
the resistance element and movable contact elements, leaving
only the necessary operating means by which the contact
element is moved exposed or extending outside of the housing
to permit external adjustment of the resistor.
(1) Note. Subject matter generally found in this subclass
consists of a variable resistor of the type defined in
subclass 118 above having the resistance and movable contact
element both completely enclosed within a box like casing or
housing, with only some operating means such as a shaft or
lever extending externally through an opening or slit to
permit external adjustment of the resistance value without
removal of the casing or housing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for photoconductive resistors with a transparent
housing.
subclasses 70+ for mechanically variable resistors housed
in or on a lamp socket.
77 for plug box type resistors.
subclasses 80+ for liquid element resistors.
subclasses 192+ for tap type resistors whose resistance
element is incased.
199 for variable resistors generally having a housing or
casing.
subclasses 226+ for incased, embedded, or housed resistors
generally. See also the Search Notes under this subclass for
a more extensive field of search for incased or housed
resistors.
Subclass:
185
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of otherwise electrically separate
conducting structures are each electrically connected to the
elongated element along its length, and a terminal being
movable among the conducting structures to constitute a
contact on such structures.
(1) Note. The most common subject matter in this subclass
is a resistor whose element is tapped together with a contact
movable along the taps, i.e., a tap changing resistor. The
path of motion of the terminal need not be fixed for
classification here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for a tap type mechanically variable resistor in or on a
lamp socket.
126 for a variable resistor with a plurality of tapped
elements and a movable contact bridge.
140 for a variable tapered resistor of the tap type.
154 for a variable resistor having an intermediate
conductive strip between the resistor element and the movable
member usually to reduce wear.
323 for a resistor having terminals tapped along the
resistance element.
325 for a resistor with three or more terminals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, especially
subclass 4, 6+ and 16, for multiple circuit control switches
with movable contacts which may engage taps.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 255+, for tap changing regulation systems.
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 150 for adjustable tap
changing inductors.
Subclass:
186
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter
wherein the connector is formed as a plurality of helical
turns which are severed along the length of the helix to
provide a plurality of physically and electrically separate
taps or contacts, each severed turn engaging the resistance
element, as by surrounding or being embedded therein, or
wherein the connector is formed as a plurality of comb teeth,
the base of the comb being removed to leave the severed teeth
physically and electrically separate to provide taps or
contacts, the teeth engaging the resistance element, as by
being embedded therein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 621 for methods of applying
terminals to resistors involving metal working or assembly
and not otherwise classifiable.
Subclass:
187
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter
including structure or arrangement to reduce or eliminate
arcing between the movable contactor and the conducting
structures, such as taps engaged by this contactor as the
contact moves off a conducting structure or from one
conducting structure to the next.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
218, High-Voltage Switches With Arc Preventing and
Extinguishing Devices, subclasses 1+ for electrical
switches involving arc preventing and extinguishing.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses
2+ electrical safety and protection systems for contact-arc
suppression.
Subclass:
188
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter
together with a conducting bar or ring, along which the
movable contact slides or along which a contact movable with
and electrically connected to the first movable contact
slides.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146 for a helical resistor with a following contact and a
helical collector bar parallel to the helical resistance
element.
174 for a resistor whose contact slides along and remains in
contact with the resistance element together with a collector
bar or ring.
Subclass:
189
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter
including a retaining or positioning magnet for locking or
holding the movable contact in a predetermined position.
(1) Note. Subject matter classified in this subclass
usually consists of a series of resistance-coils or other
resistances adapted to be gradually cut into circuit by
movement of a spring biased contact lever or arm from one tap
to another in a predetermined order. When the final position
is reached, the electromagnet holds the lever or arm in
position against the stress of the biasing spring, which has
a tendency to move the contact to its original or starting
position. When the electrical circuit is broken in the
magnet, the contact is returned to its starting position by
the stress of the biasing spring.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for resistors magnetically operated through a housing or
partition.
32 for resistors whose resistance value is responsive to a
magnetic field.
subclasses 64+ for resistors having electrical shielding.
subclasses 103+ for compressible resistors of the pile type
operated by an electromagnet.
107 for compressible resistors of the pile type which have
an electromagnetic holder for the operator.
116 for mechanically variable resistors generally with
electromagnetic operators.
182 for resistors with rectilinearly movable contacts and a
contact locking means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, subclasses 2+ for electromagnetically
activated switches.
Subclass:
190
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter
wherein the contact moves angularly over the conducting
structures connected to the resistance element i.e., the
contact moves about a pivot point.
(1) Note. To be properly classified in this subclass the
tapped resistance element need not have an angular shape nor
do the taps need to be in an arcuate or circular
configuration. The contact however must move about a pivot
point in such a manner as to strike an arc of a circle when
moved across the taps.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 162+ for resistors having an angularly slidable
contactor which slides along and remains in contact with the
resistor element.
194 for a variable tap type resistor having a slidable
contactor which moves in a straight line.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 4
and 6, for multiple circuit control switches with pivoted
contacts.
Subclass:
191
This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Subject matter
wherein an electric switch is included in the electrical
circuit to allow the electrical resistor to be cut into or
out of electrical circuit.
(1) Note. The switch may or may not be operated by the
angularly movable contact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 172+ for a variable resistor having an angularly
slidable contact together with a switch.
178 for a variable resistor having a rectilinearly slidable
contact separable form the resistance element for switching.
179 for a variable resistor having a rectilinearly slidable
contact and a series switch.
198 for a variable resistor and a switch actuated by the
resistor actuator.
215 for a single fixed resistor and switch combined.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 112+ for miscellaneous switching systems.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, subclasses 2+ for electromagnetically
activated switches.
Subclass:
192
This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is enclosed or housed as
defined in subclass 226 below.
(1) Note. Usually in this subclass the taps from the
resistance element and the movable contact structure are
located outside of the housing or enclosure surrounding the
resistor element. For substantially completely housed tap
type resistors whose contact arms are also enclosed or housed
see subclass 184 above and 199 below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 64+ for resistors with electrical shielding.
subclasses 70+ for mechanically variable resistors housed
in a lamp socket.
subclasses 80+ for mechanically variable liquid resistors.
161 for an incased variable resistance element with the
casing partly removed to form a track for a movable contact.
184 for variable movable contact type resistors having a
housing.
199 for variable resistors generally with a housing.
219 for fixed resistors housed in a lamp socket or base.
subclasses 226+ for fixed resistors which are incased,
embedded, or housed.
Subclass:
193
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Subject matter
wherein the enclosure surrounding the resistor element is
formed on and hardened on the element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
275 for a fixed resistor having a casing or housing formed
on and hardened on the resistance element.
Subclass:
194
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter
wherein the contact moves in a straight line over the
conducting structures connected to the resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
74 for a mechanically variable resistor having a
rectilinearly slidable contact in or on a lamp socket.
133 for ganged plural resistors operated rectilinearly.
subclasses 176+ for mechanically adjustable resistors
including a contact rectilinearly slidable on a resistance
element.
subclasses 190+ for resistor with an intervening connector
between the contact and element, the contact being angularly
movable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 4
and 16, for multiple circuit control switches with a
reciprocating contact; and subclasses 76+ for snap switches
having a reciprocating contact.
Subclass:
195
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
wherein a finished or completely manufactured resistor
includes structure for removing or adding resistance material
to or from the resistance element to change the resistance
value of the resistor; or wherein the resistance element is
peculiarly adapted for such removal on addition of material;
or wherein the resistance element includes resistance or
conducting material which may be removed or slit to alter the
resistance value of the element.
(1) Note. The subject matter in this subclass includes
finished or completed resistors, as opposed to those
resistors to which material is added or subtracted in or as
part of the manufacturing of the resistor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
75 for a variable resistor with a cleaner.
203 for resistors readily severable into independent
resistors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 610.1 for methods of making
electrical resistors involving metal working.
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 58+ for coating
processes, per se, wherein the product has utility as an
electrical article.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclasses
195+ for a plural layer stock material product in which one
layer comprises a discontinuous or differential coating,
impregnation or bond and the product may involve resistance
materials.
451, Abrading, subclasses 28+ for an abrading process in
general.
Subclass:
196
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
including structure such as a pointer, gauge, or scale for
showing the displacement of the resistor actuator or the
mechanical adjustment of the resistor with respect to some
fixed object, and thus furnish an indication of the
resistance value for which the resistor is set.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 13+ for variable resistors responsive to a
condition, and including indicating structure, when not
otherwise classifiable.
119 for a resistor whose contact moves along the resistance
element together with a light to indicate the displacement of
the contact or the setting of a switch associated with the
resistor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, subclasses 124+ for
miscellaneous position indicators other than the electrically
actuated or controlled type.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 56
for a pointer and circuit-breaker having a common operator.
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 45 for inductor devices with
a movable element position indicator.
340, Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses, for
electrically actuated or controlled signals and indicators.
Subclass:
197
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
including a variable resistor as defined in subclass 68
together with structure that establishes and/or maintains the
resistor position or path of movement with reference to some
other object.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass usually
involves a variable resistor mounted on a panel. For
classification purposes the panel or the structure securing
the variable resistor to the panel or other object may be
considered a support.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 2+ for strain gauge type resistors adapted to be
supported on the test specimen.
50 for resistors mounted on wheels or vehicles.
subclasses 70+ for mechanically variable resistors mounted
in or on a lamp socket.
subclasses 315+ for fixed resistors with supports. See also
the Search Notes under this subclass for a more extensive
field of search for resistors and supports.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
384, Bearings, subclasses 428+ for resistor bearing
supports.
Subclass:
198
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
wherein a variable resistor as there defined is combined with
a switch, there being a linkage between the resistor and
switch so that variation of the variable resistor over some
portion of its resistance range causes operation of the
switch to make and/or break an electrical circuit, or so that
operation of the switch to make and/or break an electric
circuit causes variation of the variable resistor over some
portion of its resistance range.
(1) Note. Usually the subject matter of this subclass
includes a variable resistor of no particular type together
with a switch, the resistor operating the switch or vice
versa.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for a mechanically variable resistor combined with a
current reversing switch.
110 for a compressible type resistor together with a switch
actuated by the resistor actuator.
129 for plural mechanically variable resistors sequentially
operated.
subclasses 130+ for ganged mechanically variable
resistors.
subclasses 172+ for a mechanically variable resistor with
an angularly slidable contact together with a switch.
179 for a mechanically variable resistor with a linearly
slidable contact together with a series switch.
191 for a mechanically variable resistor with an intervening
connector between the contact and element together with a
switch.
subclasses 200+ for a variable resistor including a switch
to change the resistance value of the variable resistor.
215 for fixed resistors combined with switches.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 112+ for miscellaneous switching systems.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, subclasses 2+ for electromagnetically
activated switches.
Subclass:
199
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
including a housing or casing which substantially entirely
encloses the mechanically adjustable or variable resistor,
with only the necessary resistor operating mechanism
extending outside the casing to permit external adjustment of
the resistor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for photoconductive resistors with transparent housings.
subclasses 70+ for a variable resistor housed in a lamp
socket.
77 for plug box type resistors.
subclasses 80+ for liquid element resistors.
163 for mechanically adjustable resistors with an angularly
slidable contact and a knob forming a casing or covering; and
subclass 164 for such resistors with hermetically sealed
housings.
184 for resistors with a movable contact electrically
adjustable over the length of the element, the resistors
being housed.
subclasses 192+ for a tap type resistor whose element is
enclosed.
subclasses 226+ for incased, embedded, or housed resistors
generally. See also the Search Notes under this subclass for
a more extensive field of search for such resistors.
Subclass:
200
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
including one or more resistance elements together with one
or more switches, which connect the elements in at least two
circuit configurations to present two different resistance
values across a set of terminals.
(1) Note. This subclass is residual for resistors whose
elements are usually of fixed resistance value, which may be
switched to present different resistance values across the
terminals. Resistors with a tapped element and a contact
movable along the taps for varying the resistance across the
resistor terminals are classified in subclasses 185+ above.
Subclass 215 provides for the combination of a resistor of
fixed resistance value together with a switch in series or
parallel with the resistance element. In subclass 215 only
one ohmic resistance value together with an open or short
circuit appears across the terminals regardless of the
switching positions. Where two resistance values appear
across the terminals due to switching, classification is in
this subclass (200) as a residual place.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for a mechanically variable resistor combined with a
current reversing switch.
subclasses 172+ for a variable resistor having an angularly
slidable contact, and including a switching means.
178 for a variable resistor having a rectilinearly slidable
contact separable from the element for switching.
179 for a variable resistor having a rectilinearly slidable
contact together with a series switch.
subclasses 185+ for tap type variable resistors. 191, for a
tap type variable resistor with an angularly movable contact
and combined with a switch.
198 for a mechanically variable resistor and switch actuated
by the resistor actuator.
215 for a combined single fixed resistor and switch.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, appropriate
subclasses, for switches, per se.
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 112+ for miscellaneous switching systems.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 209+ for systems of a voltage source and a load
with a resistance network therebetween whose resistive value
may be changed as by switching.
Subclass:
201
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein the switch or switches connects a plurality of
resistance elements in or out of a parallel circuit
arrangement.
Subclass:
202
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including an electrode or terminal, which may include
the adjacent supporting structure such as the contact arm,
the electrode or terminal being adapted to connect movably
and electrically along or into a resistance element as by
sliding along or into the element, the electrode or terminal
as such not being otherwise classifiable.
(1) Note. For classification here the claims must be
limited to the contact and arm, the resistance element being
excluded. Subclasses 68+, and especially subclasses 118+,
provides for the combination of the resistance element and
contact movable thereon. Contacts which operate with taps
electrically connected to a resistance element are classified
elsewhere (see the Search Notes below)..
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
74 for a mechanically variable resistor having a
rectilinearly slidable contactor and being incased in a lamp
socket.
subclasses 118+ for mechanically variable resistors
including a contact movable over a resistance element. See
also (1) Note above.
153 for a variable resistor with a movable contact operated
by a pedal or treadle.
155 for a variable resistor with a contact that rocks along
the resistance element.
156 for a variable resistor with a liquid contact movable
over the resistance element.
subclasses 157+ for a variable resistor with a contact that
rolls along the resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
191, Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles, subclasses 45+
for collectors carried by a vehicle or other movable body.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, especially
subclass 166 for switch contacts.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclasses 219+
for slip rings, commutators and other current collectors
for dynamo-electric devices.
Subclass:
203
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein a plurality of resistor units are formed or
constructed as a unitary structure with a groove, notch,
mark, fragile or frangible part, as well as with an overall
shape to facilitate separation into a plurality of individual
resistor units as by breaking.
(1) Note. In this subclass the resistor units while in a
unitary structure before severing or breaking into individual
units are capable of functioning as a resistor or a plurality
of resistors, and the individual units formed after the
breaking step are also capable of functioning as a complete
resistor.
(2) Note. This subclass only provides for resistors units
readily separable into individual resistor units. The
independent resistors formed from such units are classified
according to their own characteristics.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 260+ for plural incased resistors.
295 for plural resistors connected by a jumper or spacer.
319 and 320, for plural resistors with a mounting or
supporting means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 610.1 for methods of making
electrical resistors involving severing; and subclasses 412+
for processes of mechanical manufacture generally involving
obtaining plural pieces from a unitary piece.
Subclass:
204
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistance element is formed of a
plurality of layers of resistance material such as discs or
buttons, piled or stacked between the terminals, the layers
being electrically connected in series together and in series
with the terminals.
(1) Note. Subject matter found in this subclass consists
essentially of a plurality of plates or disks of resistance
material piled or stacked such that the surfaces are in
electrical contact or electrically connected. The plates or
disks used to construct a resistor under this subclass need
not be of the same resistance material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for pile type resistors with heat dissipating
projections.
71 for a mechanically variable pile type resistor in or on a
lamp socket.
subclasses 101+ for a pile type resistor whose resistance
value is varied by compression.
115 for mechanically variable pile type resistors in
general.
subclasses 223+ for a resistor having a granular or
powdered element.
subclasses 260+ for plural incased, embedded, or housed
resistors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses
117+ for high voltage dissipators, per se, wherein the
discharge path may be resistive disks or buttons.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for a plural layer stock material which may
involve resistance materials, note subclasses 411+ in which
the layers are recited in terms of their compositions.
442, Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth,
etc.), subclasses 59+, 181+, and 304+ for a woven or knit
fabric which may involve resistance materials.
Subclass:
205
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Subject matter
wherein the layers of resistance material are separated by
layers of relatively high conducting material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
288 for a compound or multiple zigzag resistance element
which includes conductive jumpers or spacers between
elements.
289 for a zigzag or sinuous resistor including a conductive
jumper or spacer.
295 for plural resistance elements connected by a jumper or
spacer.
Subclass:
206
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistance element is formed of expanded
metal as defined in (1) Note below.
(1) Note. Expanded metal type resistance elements are those
formed from a metal resistance strip by cutting or otherwise
forming closely spaced transverse slots in the strip so as to
establish a grid or tortuous current path between terminals.
The slots formed are generally as near zero in width as
possible and the metal on either side of each slot is bent
out of the general plane of the original sheet to separate
the sides of the slots. The separating of neighboring sides
of the transverse slots may also be obtained by stretching
the strip longitudinally. Generally the spacing obtained
between the sides of slots is greatest at the center and
tapers together at either end.
(2) Note. This subject matter is distinguished from zigzag
or sinuous resistors in that the transverse slots are closed
at both ends and therefore provide more than one path for the
current to flow, as opposed to the single conductance path
generally provided by a zigzag or sinuous resistor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 for mesh, woven, or braided resistors.
subclasses 283+ for resistors with zigzag or sinuous
resistance elements. See also (2) Note above.
322 for resistors with plural elements in parallel between
terminals.
333 for a resistor of a particular configuration and/or
dimension.
Subclass:
207
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistance element and base are folded or
rolled together in final form as to form, for example, a
zigzag or helical resistor.
(1) Note. A mere insulation coated resistance element
coiled or folded upon itself is not properly classified here,
but in such subclasses as 262+ and 263+ below. Usually the
resistors here classified are formed with the element and
base in flat overlying layers, which are then folded or
rolled together.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 for mechanically variable resistors with element winding
and/or unwinding.
subclasses 210+ for resistors which are flexible or
folding.
278 for a resistor whose element is an edgewise coiled
helical strip.
subclasses 279+ for a resistor with a ribbon element bent
or curved on its flat side.
subclasses 296+ for helical or wound resistors generally.
Subclass:
208
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistance element includes elongated
filaments, strands, or fibres of resistive material which are
woven, braided, or knitted together or with other filaments,
strands, or fibres of nonresistive material (conductive or
insulating) to form the element as a mesh, weave, or braid.
(1) Note. For classification in this subclass the resistive
filaments, strands, or fibres must be part of the weave,
mesh, or braid. A mere resistive filament, strand, or fibre
secured to or interlaced through a fabric is not classified
here, but in subclasses 306+ and 310 below.
(2) Note. A mere plurality of twisted strands, filaments,
or fibres are not classified here, but is in subclasses 214
and 299 below.
(3) Note. A fabric with metal in the texture is classified
in Class 139, Textiles: Weaving, subclass 425, even though
the metal be resistive and/or will produce heat upon passage
of an electric current therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for deformable strain gauge type resistors whose element
is a mesh, weave, or braid.
114 for mechanically variable deformable resistors whose
resistance value is changed by deformation.
206 for expanded metal type resistors.
subclasses 210+ for flexible or folding resistors; and
especially subclass 212, for such resistors formed as a tape
or sheet, and subclass 214, for such resistors of the cable
type.
259 for resistors having a wound, braided, or woven casing
or housing.
subclasses 283+ for zigzag or sinuous resistors.
310 for a resistor whose element extends through the base.
See also (2) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
66, Textiles: Knitting, subclasses 190+ for knitted
fabrics incorporating unknitted materials.
139, Textiles: Weaving, subclass 425 for woven fabrics
including metal. See also (3) Note above.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 128.1
for plural strand conductor structure.
245, Wire Fabrics and Structure, subclasses 2+ for wire
fabrics.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, subclass 897 for
mesh, woven, braided, or multiple strip antennas.
Subclass:
209
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistor unit is constructed to allow
appreciable expansion and/or contraction between the
terminals.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
114 for mechanically deformable variable resistors whose
resistance value is changed by deformation.
206 for expanded metal type resistors.
208 for mesh woven or braided resistors.
subclasses 210+ for flexible or folding resistors.
316 for resistors with mounting or supporting structure
which compensates for or permits resistance expansion and/or
contraction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
139, Textiles: Weaving, subclasses 421+ for extensible or
elastic woven fabrics.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 69
for axially extensible conduits, cables and connectors.
191, Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles, subclasses 12+
for flexible electrical extensions for transmitting
electrical energy to vehicles.
219, Electric Heating, subclass 46 for flexible electric
heaters.
Subclass:
210
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistors unit is inherently flexible or
foldable, and can be looped upon itself or collapsed into
various forms without permanent deformation.
(1) Note. For classification here the resistor unit as a
whole must be flexible or folding. The flexible or folding
characteristic may be present in either the element or the
supporting base. A mere flexible element on a rigid
supporting base, such as a flexible element wound on a rigid
core, is not classified here, but in subclass 302 below in
the case of the example given.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
114 for deformable variable resistors, whose resistance
value is changed by deforming.
206 for expanded metal type resistors.
207 for resistors whose element and base are permanently
folded or rolled.
208 for mesh, woven or braided resistors.
subclasses 315+ for resistors with mounting or supporting
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
139, Textiles: Weaving, subclass 425 for woven fabrics
having metal woven therein.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclasses 68+
for conduits, cables and conductors, which may be flexible.
219, Electric Heating, subclass 549 for flexible electric
heaters.
Subclass:
211
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is impregnated or coated on a
flexible base or support.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
142 for a mechanically variable resistor whose element is
formed as a tapered coating.
subclasses 262+ for a resistor having a casing or housing
formed as a coating.
292 for a zigzag or sinuous resistor whose element is formed
as a coating.
307 for resistors whose element and/or terminals are printed
or marked on a base.
subclasses 308+ for a resistor whose element is coated on a
base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 58+ for coating
processes, per se, wherein the product has utility as an
electrical article.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a plural layer stock material in which one of
the layers is a coating on a base or substrate, see
especially subclasses 411+ for a plural layer product
defined merely by the compositions of the layers.
Subclass:
212
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Subject matter
wherein the resistor unit has a substantially flat overall
shape as in a tape or sheet.
(1) Note. The element and/or base may be flattened to
provide the overall flattened shape of the unit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
26 for variable tape type resistors sensitive to changes in
ambient temperature.
207 for a resistor whose element and base are permanently
folded or rolled.
208 for a mesh, woven, braided resistor.
297 for a flattened helical or wound resistor.
314 for a resistor whose element and base are formed in
layers.
Subclass:
213
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Subject matter
wherein an elongated flexible or folding resistance element
is surrounded or incased by insulative buttons or beads, the
resistance element extending through the buttons or beads.
(1) Note. To be properly classified here the beads or
buttons need not be the external layer or surface; but may be
only an insulative spacer to prevent the element from curving
into contact with a flexible external housing, such as a
flexible metallic sheath. The faces of the beads or buttons
are usually rounded or beveled to afford facility in forming
or bending the unit into the required shapes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
317 for a resistor whose element projects through a
support.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 111
for insulated conduits, cables and conductors with beads or
discs.
Subclass:
214
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Subject matter
wherein the resistor has an elongated shape and is of
substantially uniform external size over its length, the
resistance element extending between the ends of the
resistor.
(1) Note. A plural conductor cable is classified here if
the conductor has distinctive resistance characteristics.
(2) Note. Subject matter found in this subclass usually
consists of a resistance wire, often twisted around a core,
and inclosed by insulation on the exterior, with the whole
assembly forming a waterproof and insulated resistive
conductor. Electric resistors having only a single element,
yet having cable characteristics, are also classified in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
26 for cables or tapes responsive to ambient temperature,
e.g., fire detecting type.
208 for mesh, woven, or braided resistors.
subclasses 238+ for an incased, embedded or housed resistor
whose element is in powdered insulation with an outer
metallic sheath.
subclasses 243+ for an incased, embedded, or housed
resistor whose element is in insulation with an outer
metallic sheath.
subclasses 260+ for plural incased resistors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 47+ for making and/or joining of electrical
conductors of indefinite length.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 68.1
for conduits, cables and conductors.
219, Electric Heating, subclass 46 for flexible electrical
heaters.
Subclass:
215
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein a switch is connected in series or parallel
with the resistor for effectively connecting or disconnecting
the resistor from the circuit; and not otherwise
classifiable.
(1) Note. As between this class and Class 200, Electricity:
Circuit Makers and Breakers, the combination of a switch and
a resistor which does not perfect the switching is classified
here. The combination of a switch and a plurality of
resistance elements or portions of an element, the switch
alternately connecting and disconnecting the respective
source or electrical energy, or connecting the elements or
portions in different combinations of series and parallel
arrangements to a source as to produce a high or low heating
effect or different heat distribution patterns, is classified
in Class 219, Electric Heating, especially subclasses 482+.
This subclass (215) is usually limited to the structural
combination of a single resistor and switch, the switch
effectively connecting and disconnecting the resistor and
source of electrical energy. The general combination of a
plurality of resistance elements and one or more switches to
produce a variable resistance value is classified in
subclasses 172, 179, 185+, and 200+ above. See (1) Note
under subclass 200.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 172+ for mechanically variable resistors whose
contact slides angularly along the element together with
switching; and subclass 179 for such resistors with a
rectilinearly slidable contact and a series switch. See also
(1) Note above.
subclasses 185+ for mechanically variable resistors of the
tap type involving a switch. See also (1) Note above.
subclasses 200+ for mechanically variable resistors
generally with a switch. See also (1) Note above.
334 for resistors connected electrically to other electrical
devices, and not otherwise classifiable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 148 for high
tension ignition systems, including a combined distributor
and resistor.
218, High-Voltage Switches With Arc Preventing and
Extinguishing Devices, subclasses 1+ for switches with
shunt resistors for contact arc preventing or extinguishing.
219, Electric Heating, especially subclass 482 for heating
systems involving the combination of a switch and resistors.
See also (1) Note above.
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 112+ for miscellaneous switching systems which
may include a resistor and a switch.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
58 for safety and protection systems which may include a
resistor and a switch.
Subclass:
216
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including a wave guide or coaxial transmission line,
the resistor or element thereof lying within the outer sheath
of the wave guide or coaxial line.
(1) Note. Where the line or wave guide is limited to
electrical use as by recitation of electrical dimensions, or
where impedance matching structure is included as a quarter
wave stub or a particular shape of the resistor for impedance
matching purposes as tapered ends, classification is in Class
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks. For classification
in this subclass (216), only a nominal wave guide or coaxial
line, or mechanical limitations which do not restrict the
line or wave guide to electrical use, need be recited.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 20+ for resistors whose value is responsive to
electrical current and/or voltage, and incased in a wave
guide or coaxial line.
subclasses 64+ for resistors with electrical shielding.
subclasses 138+ and 217+, for tapered resistors.
subclasses 220+ for a resistor in a detachable electrical
connector.
subclasses 226+ for incased, embedded or housed resistors
generally.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 95 for
electrical measuring devices including a resistor in a wave
guide or long line, as for example devices for measuring
radio frequency power by measuring the change in value of a
resistor due to this power.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 22 for
dissipating terminations for long lines, some electrical
limitation of the line or coupling being recited, as a
tapered resistance for impedance matching purposes;
subclasses 32+ for coupling devices with impedance matching;
subclass 81 for attenuators; subclasses 84+ for electrically
long lines; and subclasses 97+ for long line elements and
components. See also (1) Note above.
Subclass:
217
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein a physical dimension or characteristic of the
element changes in one direction gradually or in a plurality
of discrete progressive steps along the element from one
terminal towards the other.
(1) Note. Usually the change in physical dimension or
characteristic is for modifying the resistance value along
the element between terminals, or to maintain this value
uniform along the element between terminals to compensate for
some other effect. The change must occur progressively in
one direction, and as a minimum must occur in two distinct
steps.
(2) Note. Class 219, Electric Heating, especially
subclasses 538+, provides for resistors having a shape,
configuration, or arrangement to produce a particular pattern
of heat distribution. However, as between this class (338)
and Class 219, the mere recitation of the term "tapering" or
the equivalent as a characteristic of the resistance element
does not preclude classification in this class (338). For
classification in Class 219 a more detailed recitation of the
shape of the resistance element is necessary as having a
plurality of tapers one at each end of the element, or a
plurality of elements arranged with a tapered spacing, and
resulting in a particular heating pattern.
(3) Note. Examples of the subject matter of this subclass
are resistors whose elements are formed as a coating with the
coating thickness progressively increasing or decreasing,
resistors wherein the chemical composition of the element
gradually changes over its length, and resistors whose
element has a gradually changing physical dimension.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 89+ for mechanically variable resistors wherein
some significant mathematical relationship lies between the
mechanical adjustment or variation and the resistance value.
subclasses 138+ for tapered mechanically variable
resistors.
216 for resistors in a coaxial transmission line or wave
guide, which resistors may be tapered.
333 for resistors of a particular configuration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, especially subclasses 538+ for
resistors having a shape or arrangement to produce a
particular heating pattern. See also (2) Note above.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 9 and
34, for impedance matching coupling networks which may
include a tapered resistor.
Subclass:
-2
218.
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is of the helical or wound
type as defined in subclass 296 below.
(1) Note. The diameter of the turns of the helix or winding
or the spacing between the turns may change to produce the
taper.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
141 for mechanically variable resistors whose resistance
element is of the helical or wound type and tapered.
subclasses 296+ for resistors of the helical or wound type
generally.
Subclass:
219
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including a lamp socket or lamp base together with a
resistor positioned within the socket or base or mounted
directly on and in engagement with the surface of the socket
or base and in circuit with the terminal or terminals of the
socket or base, and not otherwise classifiable.
(1) Note. The lamp base or socket to receive the lamp is
usually of the type classifiable as such in Class 439,
Electrical Connectors. Usually when structure in addition to
that classified in Class 439 is recited, as relating to Class
362, Illumination, or Class 340, Communications: Electrical,
classification is not in this subclass (219) or in Class 439,
but in the more comprehensive subclass. See the Search Notes
under Classes 313 and 439 for a statement of the
classification lines between Class 439 and other classes
relating to lamp bases and sockets. The resistor must be in
intimate relationship with the socket or base as being
contained therein or in a surface recess for classification
in this subclass (219). A mere electrical connection between
the resistor and the socket or base or a remote mounting of
the resistor on the socket or base is not sufficient for
classification here. Subclasses 315+ provides for resistors
with mounting or supporting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 70+ for mechanically variable resistors in or on
a lamp socket.
216 for resistors in a coaxial transmission line or wave
guide.
220 for resistors in a detachable electrical connector.
221 for detachable plug type resistor units.
subclasses 226+ for incased, embedded, or housed
resistors.
subclasses 315+ for resistors with mounting or supporting
means. See also (1) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, appropriate
subclasses, for electric lamp and discharge devices. See
also (1) Note above.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
appropriate subclasses, for electric lamp and discharge
device systems, which may include a resistor as an element of
the system.
340, Communications: Electrical, especially subclasses 84+
and 366+, for communication systems which may include a
resistance and lamp socket or base together with other
communication structure. See also (1) Note above.
362, Illumination, appropriate subclasses, for illuminating
devices which may include a resistor as an element thereof
with illumination structure. See also (1) Note above.
Subclass:
220
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including a detachable electrical connector, and a
resistor or element thereof being disposed within the
connector and in circuit with the terminal or terminals of
the connector.
(1) Note. Usually the resistor or element thereof is
disposed within an insulating housing or casing of the
connector. The resistor or element for classification here
must be disposed within some connector structure. Where the
resistor is merely mounted externally on the connector or
electrically connected thereto, classification is not here.
Subclasses 315+ provides for resistors with mounting or
supporting means. As between Class 439, Electrical
Connectors, and this subclass (220) the claimed recitation of
a resistor enclosed in a detachable electrical connector is
sufficient for classification in this subclass (220).
However, for classification here the complete resistor
(element and terminals) must either be claimed, or it must be
evident from the context that such a complete resistor be
intended in the claim, in addition to the detachable
electrical connector. In short this subclass provides for the
combination of a distinct detachable electrical connector and
a distinct resistance therein. A mere resistance element and
its terminals is classified in subclasses 322+ below. The
combination of a resistance element nominally recited and a
single detachable connector as a terminal of this element is
classified in Class 439, Electrical Connectors; or Class 174,
Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, if the element be a
conduit or cable and no detachable connector is present, but
rather a more permanent connection such as a joint. See also
(1) Note under subclass 226 and (2) Note under subclass 238.
(2) Note. The term electrical connector as here used
denotes a device which makes an electrical connection between
two electrical circuits external thereto, as opposed to a
mere plug-in resistor unit as classified in subclass 221
below which merely makes an electrical connection with the
resistance element which is a part of the unit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
219 for resistors in or on a lamp socket or base.
221 for detachable plug-in type resistor units. See (2)
Note above.
subclasses 226+ for incased, embedded or housed resistors.
subclasses 315+ for resistors with mounting or
supporting-means. See also (1) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, especially
subclasses 74+ and 84, for conduits and cables with end
structure or joints, the conduit or cable being nominally
resistive. See also (1) Note above.
Subclass:
221
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistor has terminal structure which is
readily detachable from the associated terminals, and which
terminal structure constitutes the resistor mounting means,
the resistor being readily separable as a unit from the
associated terminals.
(1) Note. As all resistors must have some type terminal or
connector in order to be connected in a circuit for use, it
is necessary that the terminal structure be significant, as
by being included in the patent claim. Usually the terminal
structure constitutes parallel prongs or a screw plug. See
also (2) Note under subclass 220 above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76 for interchangeable resistors of different resistance
values.
77 for plug box type resistance units.
220 for a detachable electrical connector having a resistor
therein. See also (2) Note under subclass 220.
322 for resistors whose terminals have detachable connectors
other than the connections to the resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, especially subclasses 542+ for
electric heaters having detachable resistor units.
Subclass:
222
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Resistors wherein the resistance element is a liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for resistors whose element is a liquid responsive in
resistance value to ambient temperature; subclass 38 for such
resistors actuated by fluid or gas pressure; and subclass 44
for such resistors gravity stabilized or inertia actuated.
56 for a liquid resistance element which is cooled by
circulation.
subclasses 80+ for variable liquid resistors.
156 for a mechanically variable resistor with a liquid
contact adjustable over the length of the resistance
element.
231 for a resistor whose element is incased, embedded or
housed in a liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 9 for
liquid conductors.
Subclass:
223
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistance element is granular or powdered
in final form.
(1) Note. Subject matter wherein an inert, granular grain
base material is impregnated or coated with a resistive layer
such that a resistive film or coating is formed on the
individual granular base grains, is properly classified in
this subclass, unless otherwise provided for above.
(2) Note. When the element is formed as a compacted mass of
powdered or granular material classification is in this
subclass, if some retaining means such as a casing is
required to maintain the mass in its formed shape, i.e., the
compacted mass crumbles to a powder or to grains when the
retaining structure is removed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for coherer type resistors whose element is granular or
powdered.
54 for resistors with granular or powdered elements and with
cooling gas or liquid circulation.
88 for penetrating type mechanically variable resistors
having powdered elements.
100 for a compressible type variable resistor whose element
is granular or powdered.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 228+ for a
consolidated metal powder composition.
178, Telegraphy, subclass 117 for alternating or pulsating
current telegraphy systems using a coherer.
219, Electric Heating, subclass 552 for electric heaters
including granular or powdered resistors.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses
126+ for high voltage dissipators which may include a
granular or powdered resistor.
Subclass:
224
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter
wherein the granular or powdered element consists of a
mixture of two or more different materials, each material
being granular or powdered in the final state.
(1) Note. Subject matter in this subclass (224) usually
consists of a conductive powdered material mixed with one or
more powdered insulative materials. However, a mixture of two
or more resistive materials in a powdered form is properly
classified here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 7+ for a resistor using diverse material to
compensate for temperature change.
Subclass:
225
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Subject matter
wherein the granular or powdered material constituting the
resistor element is substantially pure carbon.
(1) Note. Where the granular material is a carbon compound,
classification is not here, but in the generic subclass 223
above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for a coherer type resistor with granular carbon
particles.
Subclass:
226
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistance element is substantially
completely covered or surrounded with a solid, liquid, or
gaseous substance or a vacuum layer to provide a barrier or
separation between the element and the outside, or together
with any structure maintaining such substances or layer
around the resistor.
(1) Note. A resistive wire, coiled resistive wire, wire of
resistive metal, or wire of no significant resistive
composition is classified in Class 174, Electricity:
Conductors and Insulators, especially subclasses 110+. Where
the covered wire includes structure other than a mere coil,
which is peculiar to resistance or heating, such as a zigzag
shape, or where the wire is of a nonmetallic composition such
as carbon, or of a significantly resistive composition such
as iron, classification is in this class (338), especially
subclasses 314+. Electrically conductive or resistive wire
with an insulating coating is classified in Class 428, Stock
Material or Miscellaneous, Articles, subclasses 375+, even if
no structural limitations are recited. Metal coated
conductive or resistive metal bases as compound metal stock
are classified in Class 29, Metal Working, subclasses 194+.
See also (2) Note under subclass 238 below.
(2) Note. Resistors claiming heat insulating or heat
conducting casings or housings are classified here. The
combination of a resistance used for heating purposes
surrounded or incased by the structure to be heated or for
distributing, directing, or concentrating the heating by the
resistance is classified in Class 219, Electric Heating,
especially subclasses 19+. See also ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE
HEATERS in the Class Definition.
(3) Note. A resistor with a casing or housing claimed as an
electrical shield or equivalent terminology is classified
elsewhere (see the Search This Class, Subclass notes below).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for a resistor actuated by a movable magnet through a
housing or partition.
19 for photoconductive resistors with a transparent
housing.
subclasses 53+ for resistors with cooling gas or liquid
circulation.
57 for resistors in a ventilating or vented casing.
subclasses 64+ for resistors with electrical shielding.
See also (3) Note above.
subclasses 66+ for ignition interference suppression type
resistors.
77 for plug boxes.
161 for a mechanically variable resistor whose element is
incased, the casing being partly removed to form a track for
the contact.
163 164, 184, and 199, for mechanically variable resistors
with housings.
subclasses 210+ for flexible or folding resistors; and
especially subclass 211 for impregnated flexible resistors;
subclass 212 for tape or sheet resistors; and subclass 214
for cable type resistors.
216 for a resistor in a coaxial transmission line or wave
guide.
220 for a resistor in a detachable electrical connector.
subclasses 223+ for granular or powdered resistors.
310 for resistors whose element extends through a base.
332 for a resistor whose terminal embraces or surrounds the
resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, subclass 60 for electric heaters situated below
ground level.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclasses 17+
and 50+, for boxes and housings limited by claimed structure
to electrical use and not otherwise classifiable; and
subclasses 68+ for conduits, cables, and conductors which may
be embedded, incased or housed. See also (1) Note above.
219, Electric Heating, subclass 463.1 for an exposed planar
support surface for material to be heated (e.g., hot plate,
etc.) formed by a heating unit having a tubular shape,
subclass 468.1 for an exposed planar support surface for
material to be heated (e.g., hot plate, etc.) where a heating
element is embedded in the planar support surface, or
subclasses 535+ for a heater unit housing, casing, or support
means (e.g., frame and a single sheet, etc.) that is
specially formed or adapted to fit material to be heated
(e.g., a pipe, etc.).
220, Receptacles, subclass 2.1 for envelopes for electric
lamps or similar devices; and subclasses 3.2+ for outlet or
junction box type receptacles.
336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 90+ for an inductor
device with an outer casing or housing.
Subclass:
227
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
including marks, tags, colors, or other structure or
configuration, usually on the exterior of the casing or
housing to provide a visual indication of the resistance
value of the resistance element within the housing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
119 for variable resistors having a contact position
indicating lamp.
196 for variable resistors having a resistor actuator
position indicator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, appropriate
subclasses, for information displaying structure generally.
Subclass:
228
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein a casing or housing, which is usually elongated and
cylindrical, extends through a plate, wall, or similar
structure whose thickness is less than the length of the
casing or housing, the casing or housing being secured to the
plate or wall.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 28+ for probe type resistors whose resistance
value is responsive to ambient temperature.
229 for resistors in a probe or line connector.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 18
and 50+ for boxes and housings within which a conduit or
cable may extend; subclasses 48+ for wall mounted conduits;
and subclasses 151+ for insulators extending through a wall
or plate.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, subclasses 189+ for a pipe
joined to a plate.
Subclass:
229
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein the casing or housing is formed as a single thin
elongated member, such as a tube, one end being closed over
the resistance element, with flexible leads externally
connected or joined to terminals or with leads extending into
the other end of the member for connection to the resistance
element, together with structure or configuration, such as a
handle or a particular shape of the member, which permits or
facilitates free movement of the elongated member with the
resistance element therein.
(1) Note. Most of the patens in this subclass are
subcombinations of instruments adapted to perform particular
functions such as thermometers, immersion heaters, and
soldering irons, no significant structure being claimed
relating to the performance of these functions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 28+ for probe type resistors whose resistance
value is responsive to ambient temperature. See also (1)
Note above.
228 for probe type resistors extending through and secured
to a wall or plate.
subclasses 315+ for resistors with supporting handles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 538+ for electric heaters
formed as probes, especially subclasses 850+ for soldering
irons; and subclass 437 for immersion fluid heaters. See
also (1) Note above.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 149 for
electrical testing or measuring devices with probes or
prods.
Subclass:
230
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein the casing or housing or one layer of the casing or
housing is formed of metal which is cast in situ around the
resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
248 and 250, for resistors whose element is in insulation
with an outer metallic sheath, the insulation being formed
and hardened in situ, as by molding.
253 for resistors whose element is embedded or enclosed in a
groove or recess with a filling hardened in situ.
269 and 275, for incased, embedded, or housed resistors
generally whose casing or housing is formed on and hardened
on the resistor, such as by molding.
Subclass:
231
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is incased or enclosed in a
liquid.
(1) Note. The liquid need not directly engage the element
for classification here, but may be separated from the
element by a solid housing layer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for a resistor which is cooled by a circulating liquid
medium.
subclasses 80+ for mechanically variable resistors whose
element is a liquid.
222 for resistors generally whose element is a liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 280+ for fluid heaters.
Subclass:
232
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein the casing or housing is in two or more parts which
are readily openable or separable as to provide access to or
to permit removal of the resistance element, and/or wherein
the casing or housing together with the element includes
structure or has a configuration to permit removal or
separation of the element from the casing or housing.
(1) Note. For classification here the casing may be formed
in two parts as a box and cover. The parts may be secured
together by screw threads, snaps, or by gravity with the
resistor positioned for gravity to maintain a closing effect
on the two parts. The element and casing may also include
this structure to permit ready separation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, subclass 3.8 for outlet or junction box
type receptacles with closures; and subclass 24 for
closures.
Subclass:
233
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Subject matter
wherein the casing or housing is formed as an elongated tube
with an open end, and includes a plug, disc, or cap, which is
readily separable from the remainder of the casing or
housing, closing the otherwise open end.
(1) Note. The resistance element or terminal may form this
plug, disc, or cap.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
331 for incased, embedded, or housed resistors, wherein the
terminal or lead extends into the end of an elongated casing
or housing, and including a sealing plug, disc, or cap.
Subclass:
234
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein a vacuum or gaseous spacing exists between the outer
surface of the resistance element and the inner surface of
the external casing or housing.
(1) Note. For classification in this subclass, the gaseous
or vacuum spacing must extend over substantially the entire
adjacent surfaces of the external casing or housing and
element. There must be no direct contact between the element
and casing or housing. However, the intervening space need
not be entirely gaseous or vacuum. Spacing elements may be
inserted between the element and casing or housing to
maintain the spaced relation, provided only a relatively
small portion of the vacuum or gaseous space is devoted to
this purpose. Where the casing is extended through the
interior of the resistance element, the element may directly
engage the portion extending therethrough, as being wound
thereon, and yet be classified in this subclass. Air spacing
is considered to be gaseous spacing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for resistors whose value is responsive to gas, vapor, or
moisture.
subclasses 36+ for resistors whose value is responsive to a
fluid or gas pressure.
subclasses 53+ for resistors in a gas cooling medium or
with ventilated passages.
57 for resistors with a vented or ventilating casing or
housing.
231 for resistors whose element is embedded, incased, or
housed in liquid.
subclasses 238+ for resistors whose element is embedded in
powdered insulating material with an outer metallic sheath.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclasses 17+
for boxes and housing with a fluid or vacuum and limited to
electrical use; and subclasses 50.5+ for hermetically sealed
envelope type boxes and housings.
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 366+ for electric heaters
utilizing gaseous or vacuum spaces, as to control the
direction of the heat.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, for electric lamp
and discharge devices utilizing an envelope enclosing a
vacuum or gaseous space.
Subclass:
235
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter,
wherein a plurality of resistors or elements for resistors
are enclosed in a casing or housing with a vacuum or gaseous
spacing between the outer surface of each of the resistors or
elements and the inner surface of the external casing or
housing.
(1) Note. The gaseous or vacuum spacing need not extend
between the individual resistors or elements for
classification in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 260+ for plural incased, embedded or housed
resistors generally.
320 for plural supported resistors generally. See also the
Search Notes under this subclass for a more complete field of
search for plural resistors.
Subclass:
236
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter
wherein the gaseous or vacuum spacing is of uniform thickness
over the length of the resistance element.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass usually
involves a cylindrical or flat resistance element as formed
by a rod-like resistance mass or a cylindrical or flattened
cylindrical helix, with the uniform spacing extending between
the outer surface of the element and the inner surface of the
casing or housing. The spacing need not be uniform around
the periphery of the resistance element, as when a flat
resistance element is inclosed in a casing or housing whose
inner surface is circularly cylindrical, for classification
in this subclass.
Subclass:
237
This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Subject matter
wherein the gaseous or vacuum spacing is completely sealed
from the exterior of the resistor, as to prevent the passage
of any gas or moisture.
(1) Note. The sealing for classification in this subclass
must be something more than a mere tight fit between surfaces
of the element, terminals, and/or casing, as by a plug. The
subject matter classified here usually involves some bonding
between the surfaces, as produced by cementing, soldering, or
fusing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
164 for mechanically variable resistors with an angularly
slidable contact and a hermetically sealed housing.
248 250, 269, and 275, for resistors at least part of the
casing or housing thereof being formed and hardened on the
resistor, e.g., molded.
257 and 262+, for resistors at least part of the casing or
housing thereof being formed as a coating.
274 for resistors whose terminal extends into an end of an
elongated casing or housing with a sealing plug, disc, or
cap.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclasses 17+
and 50.5+ for hermetically sealed boxes and housings limited
by claim to electrical use.
Subclass:
238
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein the casing or housing constitutes a metallic sheath
with powdered insulation therein, the resistance element
being embedded in the powdered insulation and insulated from
the metallic sheath.
(1) Note. The insulation must be in powdered form in the
finished resistor, as opposed to being added in powdered form
and hardened as by molding, the latter subject matter being
in subclasses 243+ below. However a compacted mass of powder
is still considered powder for classification here, if the
mass breaks done into powder upon removal of any restraining
structure.
(2) Note. See the search note to Class 174, below for the
line with this subclass and its indented subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 88, 100, and 223+, for resistors with granular or powdered
elements.
subclasses 64+ for resistors with electrical shielding.
214 for cable type resistors. 243+, for resistors generally
whose element is embedded in insulation with a metallic
sheath.
subclasses 256+ for incased, embedded, or housed resistors,
the casing or housing being in plural layers.
subclasses 277+ for resistors with mechanical protecting
structure such as a guard, screen, or shield.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclasses 614+ for methods of making
and assembly of resistors involving enveloping by filling
with powdered insulation; and subclasses 616+ for such
methods involving the powdering insulation.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 47+ for making and/or joining of electrical
conductors of indefinite length.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, especially
subclasses 74+ for conduits, cables and conductors with end
structure; subclass 98 with embedded conduit-duct or
conductor; and subclasses 102+ for conduits, cables, or
conductors with conductive armor or sheath. Subclasses 102+
include cables with a conductor, metallic sheath, and
powdered insulation therebetween. Subclass 75 includes cables
of this type with end structure and joint, and in subclass 77
cables of this type with end structure and seal. The mere
recitation of such terms as resistance, resistance element,
helical resistance, coil resistance, or a terminal at one end
of the sheathed resistor does not preclude classification in
these subclasses as opposed to these subclasses (238+). For
classification in subclasses 238+ significant resistance
structure or configuration must be recited, as the resistor
having a zigzag pattern, or wound on a core. The recited
combination of a resistor broadly with a terminal at each end
is classified in subclasses 238+ as opposed to Class 174.
However, where a resistor is disclosed, but is only claimed
as conductor, or wire, or in similar nomenclature, together
with one or more terminals classification is in Class 174,
especially subclasses 70+.
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 200+ and especially
subclass 546+ for electric heaters with a metallic sheath
over powdered insulation.
252, Compositions, subclass 63.2 for powdered dielectric or
electrically insulating compositions.
Subclass:
239
This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter
wherein two or more physically separate and distinct
resistance elements are embedded in powdered insulation in a
common metallic sheath, or including two or more resistors
each being as defined in subclass 238 above, i.e., each
resistor includes a distinct metallic sheath containing a
resistance element embedded in powdered insulation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 260+ for plural incased, embedded, or housed
resistors generally.
320 for plural resistors with mounting or supporting means.
See also the Search Notes under this subclass for a more
complete field of search for plural resistors.
322 for plural resistance elements in parallel between
terminals.
Subclass:
240
This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter
wherein structure is provided to position the resistance
terminals or leads so that the spacing therebetween is small
relative to the overall resistor dimensions.
(1) Note. Examples of the subject matter in this and the
indented subclass are where the terminals are side by side or
coaxial at one end of a resistor, as where the resistance
element is looped, or where a connection between the terminal
extends through a helical resistor, all being embedded in
powdered insulation with a metallic sheath. For
classification here definite structure must be provided to
maintain the terminals adjacent, such as insulation joining
the terminals or structure joining the ends of the metallic
sheath. An elongated resistor with terminals at its ends and
bent to position the terminals adjacent is not classified in
this subclass, but in subclass 238 above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
238 for resistors whose element is embedded in powdered
material with a metallic sheath, the resistor being elongated
and the terminals being at opposite ends of the sheath. See
also (1) Note above.
265 for resistors whose casing or housing is formed as a
coating, the element being coiled on a core with the
terminals or leads at one end of the core.
271 for resistors whose terminal forms a casing or housing.
326 for resistors generally whose terminals are adjacent.
Subclass:
241
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter
wherein the metallic sheath surrounds or closes around the
loop formed by the resistance element and/or leads without
extending into the space between the ends of the loop or into
the bight of the loop, i.e., the sheath surrounds the loop as
a unit, as opposed to a sheathed elongated resistance element
with the sheath and element being together bent into a loop.
Subclass:
242
This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter
wherein the metallic sheath has a significant cross-sectional
or overall shape.
(1) Note. Examples of a significant shape for
classification in this subclass are sheaths of triangular or
polygonal cross section.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
333 for resistors of particular configuration generally.
Subclass:
243
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is substantially entirely
enclosed in an insulating layer, which is either a solid mass
of insulating material or a noninsulating material coated or
otherwise covered with insulation to present an insulated
surface, and a metallic layer substantially entirely
surrounding or enclosing the insulating layer to provide a
sheath.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 64+ for resistors with electrical shielding.
216 for a resistor in a coaxial transmission line or wave
guide.
subclasses 238+ for resistors whose element is embedded in
powdered insulation with a metallic sheath.
subclasses 256+ for resistors generally whose casing or
housing is in plural layers external to the element.
277 for resistors with mechanically protecting structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclasses 35+
for anti-inductive shields or screens not otherwise
classified. See also the Search Notes under this subclass.
Subclass:
244
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter
wherein the insulation constitutes a conductive liner, as of
metal, within the metallic sheath and between the sheath and
the resistance element, the liner being coated with
insulating material to present an insulated surface to the
sheath and resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
245 for resistors enclosed in insulation with a metallic
sheath, the entire insulation and/or entire metallic sheath
being formed as a coating.
Subclass:
245
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter
wherein the entire insulation and/or the entire sheath
constitutes a coating or coatings.
(1) Note. The insulation may be coated on the resistance
element or on the interior of the sheath, or the sheath may
be coated on the exterior surface of the insulation. The
insulation or sheath may be formed as a plurality of
coatings. However, where in addition the insulation or
sheath includes a noncoating layer as well as a coated layer,
classification is not in this subclass but elsewhere under
subclass 243.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
244 for resistors whose element is in insulation with an
outer metallic sheath, the insulation being coated on a
metallic liner.
248 and 250, for resistors whose element is in insulation
with an outer metallic sheath, the insulation being formed
and hardened in the metallic sheath and/or on the element, as
by molding.
subclasses 262+ for a resistor whose casing or housing is
formed as a coating.
Subclass:
246
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element has an opening therethrough,
as by having a tubular or annular shape, the insulation and
sheath extending through the opening to cover the inner
surface of the resistance element, as well as extending over
and covering the outer surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 53+ for resistors with ventilating passages.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, subclass 61 for wells with heating resistors
surrounding production tubes through which a liquid flows.
Subclass:
247
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter
wherein the metallic sheath is formed in two or more parts
secured together.
(1) Note. Usually in this subclass the parts are
permanently secured together, as by welding, bending, or
riveting. Examples of the subject matter in this subclass are
a capped tubular sheath, a two part sheath with one or both
parts being channel shaped, or a two part sheath with one
part recessed and the other part constituting a cover for the
recess.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 232+ for incased, embedded, or housed resistors
whose casing or housing is readily openable or separable from
the element.
subclasses 252+ for resistors whose element is embedded or
enclosed in a groove or recess.
subclasses 256+ for resistors with a plural layer casing.
274 for incased, embedded, or housed elongated resistors
with a sealing plug disc or cap, the leads or terminals
extending into the ends of the casing or housing.
Subclass:
248
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter
wherein the insulation is formed between the resistance
element and metallic sheath and hardened in this position; or
wherein the insulation is formed on and hardened on the
resistance element or in the metallic sheath, the other of
the resistance element and metallic sheath being later placed
on the formed insulation.
(1) Note. In this subclass the insulation is usually molded
or vitrified in position. Where the insulation is hardened
in a preformed mass and then applied to the sheath and
element, classification is not in this subclass, but in the
generic subclass 247, above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
244 and 245, for resistors whose element is in insulation
with a metallic sheath, the insulation constituting a
coating.
250 for resistors generally whose element is in insulation
with a metallic sheath, the insulation being formed or
hardened in situ.
269 and 275, for incased, embedded, or housed resistors not
classified above, the casing or housing being formed on and
hardened on the resistor, e.g., molded.
Subclass:
249
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Subject matter
wherein the metallic sheath is formed as two substantially
flat sheets secured together with the resistance element and
insulation disposed between the sheets.
(1) Note. Usually in this subclass the insulation is also
composed of flat sheets with a flattened resistance element
disposed between the sheets. A slight bending of the sheets
to close the spaces adjacent the edges of the sheets is still
considered substantially flat for classification in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
212 for flexible or folding resistors of the sheet type.
251 for resistors whose element is in insulation with an
outer metallic sheath, the metallic sheath being in one piece
and bent or folded over the insulation to form a flat surface
on each side of the insulation.
subclasses 254+ for a flattened resistor whose element is
disposed between flat layers.
Subclass:
250
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter
wherein the insulation is formed between the resistance and
the metallic sheath and hardened in this position; or wherein
the insulation is formed on and hardened on the resistance
element or in the metallic sheath, the other of the
resistance element and metallic sheath being placed on the
formed insulation.
(1) Note. In this subclass the insulation is usually molded
or vitrified in position. Where the insulation is hardened
in a preformed mass and then applied to the sheath and
element, classification is not in this subclass, but in the
generic subclass 243 above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
244 and 245, for resistors whose element is in insulation
with a metallic sheath, the insulation constituting a
coating.
248 for a resistor whose element is in insulation with a
plural part metallic sheath, the insulation being formed or
hardened in situ.
269 and 275, for incased, embedded, or housed resistors not
classified above, the casing or housing being formed on and
hardened on the resistor, e.g., molded.
Subclass:
251
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter
wherein the metallic sheath is formed as a sheet and
surrounds the solid insulation, the two opposite sides of the
sheet either substantially meeting or overlapping.
(1) Note. In this subclass the metallic sheath is usually
formed as a C, the ends of the C substantially meeting or
overlapping around the solid insulation; or the metallic
sheath is formed a bendable sheet, and is wrapped around the
solid insulation with some overlapping.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
259 for incased, embedded, or housed resistors, the casing
or housing being wound over the resistance element.
Subclass:
252
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is disposed in a groove, slot,
or recess, or in a channel shaped container.
(1) Note. The walls of the recess or groove when open on
one side do not completely enclose the resistance element;
and such subject matter above is not classifiable here, but
in subclasses 285, 303, and 311 below. Some other structure
is necessary in addition such as a sheath on the element, or
a cover on the open face of the recess or groove for
classification here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
161 for a mechanically variable incased resistor whose
casing is partly removed to form a track for the contact.
232 for incased, embedded, or housed resistors whose casing
or housing are readily openable and/or separable from the
resistance element.
247 for embedded or enclosed resistors having a metallic
sheath formed in separate parts, one part being recessed or
channeled.
285 for a zigzag or sinuous resistor whose element extends
along a groove in a base.
303 for a helical or wound resistor whose element is coiled
in a groove on a core.
311 for a resistor generally whose element is mounted in a
groove in a base.
Subclass:
253
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Subject matter
wherein the groove or recess contains a filling which is
molded or otherwise hardened in place and which fills the
space between the resistance element and the wall of the
groove or recess and/or which closes the open side of the
groove or recess.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
248 for embedded or enclosed resistors having a metallic
sheath formed in separate parts, one part being recessed or
channeled with solid insulation hardened or molded in the
recess channel.
269 and 275, for incased, embedded, or housed resistors,
whose casings or housings are formed on and hardened on the
element, such as being molded.
Subclass:
254
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is flat in shape, as in a
planar zigzag resistance element or a helical resistance
element wound on a flat ribbon, and wherein the casing or
housing is formed as two flat preformed layers, the
resistance element being disposed between and substantially
enclosed by the layers.
(1) Note. Usually additional structure is provided as
bolts, screws, or clamps for securing the layers together.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
212 for flexible or folding resistors formed as tapes or
sheets.
249 for a resistor which is embedded in insulative material
surrounded by a plural part metallic sheath formed of flat
sheets.
268 for a helical or wound resistor whose element is coiled
on a core, with a preformed sleeve surrounding the element.
Subclass:
255
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Subject matter
wherein the layers are fastened to one another as by fusing,
vulcanizing or other intimate bonding of all or part of the
layer surfaces.
(1) Note. Where the layers are merely secured together by
an adhesive such as glue, classification is not in this
subclass, but in the generic subclass 254 above. Where the
two layers are intimately bonded together to be integral, the
structure of the casing or housing in this subclass may
resemble the corresponding structure in subclass 275 below.
In this subclass 255 the layers are preformed and applied to
the resistance element as layers to be then fastened
together. While in subclass 275 below the casing or housing
is usually applied as a plastic mass and then hardened in
place. Usually in subclass 275 due to the nature of the
molding or hardening process the casing or housing is
intimately associated with or adheres to the surface of the
resistance structure which it surrounds, while in this
subclass 255 this is unnecessary.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
212 for flexible or folding sheet or tape resistors whose
casing layers are fused or coalesced together.
269 and 275, for a resistor whose casing or housing is
formed on and hardened on as by molding. See also (1) Note
above.
Subclass:
256
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein the casing or housing is formed as a plurality of
layers, each layer in itself substantially completely
surrounding the resistance element.
(1) Note. The inner layer adjacent the resistance element
may extend within the resistance element, as when the inner
layer is molded to a helical resistance element whose coils
are spaced, and yet be classified in this subclass. It is
only necessary that two covering layers be provided, and that
the layers be positioned between the exterior of the
resistance element and the exterior surface of the resistor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
231 for resistors incased, embedded or housed in plural
layer casings or housing where one of the layers is a
liquid.
subclasses 234+ for resistors incased, embedded, or housed
in plural layer casings or housing where one of the layers is
a gaseous or vacuum space.
subclasses 238+ for resistors embedded or enclosed in
powdered material with a metallic sheath.
subclasses 243+ for resistors embedded or enclosed in solid
material with a metallic sheath.
Subclass:
257
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Subject matter
wherein one or more of the layers constitute a coating.
(1) Note. The coating layer may be coated on one of the
other casing or housing layers or on the resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 262+ for resistors generally whose casings or
housings are formed as a coating.
Subclass:
258
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter,
wherein the resistance element is formed as a coating on the
interior surface of the casing or housing.
(1) Note. Usually in this subclass the casing or housing is
formed as a hollow insulating tube with the resistance
element coated on the inside.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for a resistor whose element is coated on the interior of
the casing with liquid circulating through the resistance.
subclasses 262+ for a resistor whose casing is formed as a
coating.
subclasses 308+ for a resistor whose element is coated on a
base.
Subclass:
259
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter,
wherein the casing or housing is formed of a braided, wound
or woven material; or wherein the casing is braided, wound,
or woven on the inner resistance structure.
(1) Note. Where the wound, woven, or braided material is
impregnated with other material, classification is in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 for a resistor whose element is formed as a mesh, weave,
or braid.
209 extensible resistors.
subclasses 210+ for flexible or folding resistors.
Subclass:
260
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter,
including a plurality of resistors (each having separate and
distinct resistance element and terminals) as defined in
subclass 226 above which are supported or otherwise related
to form a unitary structure; or a plurality of resistors
(each having separate and distinct resistance elements and
terminals) which are embedded, incased or housed in a common
casing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
48 for plural separate diverse resistors.
203 for structure readily severable into a plurality of
independent resistors.
235 for plural incased, embedded, or housed resistors or
elements with a gaseous or vacuum spacing between the
elements and the casing or housing.
239 for plural resistors or elements of the type where the
element is in powdered insulation with an outer metallic
sheath.
320 for plural resistors with a mounting or supporting
means. See also the Search Notes under this subclass for a
more complete field of search involving plural resistors.
Subclass:
261
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the resistors is of the helical or
wound type as defined in subclass 296 below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 263+ and 267+, for single incased, embedded, or
housed helical or wound resistors.
subclasses 296+ for helical or wound resistors generally.
See also the Search Notes under this subclass for a more
complete field of search for helical or wound resistors.
Subclass:
262
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein the casing or housing is formed as a coating.
(1) Note. A casing or housing formed as a coating in this
subclass is usually a thin layer or uniform thickness, the
external shape of the coating being similar to the shape of
the surface covered. While a casing or housing formed and
hardened on the resistor such as molded, in subclass 275
below, usually involves a relatively thick covering, whose
external surface has a shape distinct from the resistance
covered, as produced by a mold. In this subclass
impregnating is considered to constitute a coating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
244 for resistors whose element is in insulation with an
outer metallic sheath, the insulation being coated on a
conducting liner.
257 for a incased, embedded or housed resistor, whose casing
or housing is formed in plural layers external to the
resistance element, one layer being formed as a coating.
269 and 275, for a resistor, with a casing or housing formed
and hardened on the resistance element, such as molded. See
also (1) Note above.
subclasses 308+ for resistors generally whose elements are
coated on a base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclasses 613+ for methods of
enveloping or housing resistors including metal working or
assembly steps not otherwise classifiable together with a
coating step; and subclasses 194+ for stock material of metal
with a metallic coating.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for a plural layer product comprising a coating or
a base or substrate, and involving resistance material, note
especially subclasses 411+ for a nonstructural plural layer
product in which only compositions of the layers are
claimed.
Subclass:
263
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Subject matter
including an elongated resistance element formed as two or
more continuous closed coils or loops as a spiral, helix, or
toroidal winding as defined in subclass 296.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
254 for a helical or wound flattened resistance element
embedded between flat layers fastened together.
261 for helical or wound plural resistors.
268 for a helical or wound resistor including a sleeve
engaging over the resistance element.
subclasses 296+ for helical or wound resistors generally.
Subclass:
264
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is wound or coiled on a core,
the surface of the core engaging the helix or winding over
substantially the entire periphery of the core and over the
entire axial length of the helix or winding as for example to
reinforce or shape the helix or winding over its length.
(1) Note. The manner of assembly of the element on the core
is immaterial for classification in this subclass. Often the
coating acts as an adhesive to secure the resistance element
to the core.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
270 for incased, embedded, or housed helical or wound
resistors generally whose elements are coiled on a core.
301 for resistors generally whose elements are coiled on a
flat or ribbon base.
subclasses 302+ for resistors generally whose elements are
coiled on a cylindrical or prismatic core.
Subclass:
265
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter,
wherein the resistance terminals are located at one end of
the core, or wherein the resistor includes structure or is
shaped to enable the leads to extend from the resistor at one
end only of the core.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 for resistors with bifilar windings for reducing the
inductance of the windings.
229 for incased, embedded, or housed resistors of the probe
type.
subclasses 240+ for resistors whose elements are in
powdered insulation with an outer metallic sheath, the
resistance terminals or leads being adjacent.
296 for helical or wound resistors whose elements are of a
particular shape.
326 for resistors generally whose terminals are adjacent.
Subclass:
266
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the resistance terminals surrounds
the resistance element and/or the core, as a cap or an
enclosing ring.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for a resistor which is temperature responsive, whose
terminal forms a casing or housing.
271 for a resistor whose terminal forms a casing or
housing.
272 for a resistor whose terminal or lead surrounds and is
secured to the casing or housing.
313 for resistors in general whose terminals embrace the
base.
Subclass:
267
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter,
wherein the resistance element is elongated and formed as two
or more continuous closed coils or loops as a spiral, helix,
or toroidal winding as defined in subclass 296 below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
261 for plural resistors at least one being helical or
wound.
subclasses 263+ for a resistor which is helical or wound,
and whose casing or housing is formed as a coating.
278 282, 286, and 296+, for resistors generally involving a
helical element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 90+ for inductors with an
outer casing or housing.
Subclass:
268
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter
wherein the casing or housing constitutes a preformed sleeve
which is disposed over the cylindrical helix or winding, the
inner surface of the sleeve engaging the outer cylindrical
surface of the helix or winding over the entire periphery,
i.e., the bore of the sleeve is fitted to the helix or
winding.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
229 for probe type, incased, embedded, or housed resistors.
subclasses 256+ for a resistor whose element is surrounded
by a plurality of layers, one or more of which may be a
sleeve.
Subclass:
269
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter
wherein the casing or housing surrounding the helical or
wound element has been applied in a plastic formable state
with substantially no intervening spaces between the casing
or housing and the internal resistance structure, the casing
or housing being hardened on the internal resistance
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 210+ for flexible or folding resistors.
248 and 250, for resistors whose element is in insulation
with an outer metallic sheath, the insulation being formed
and hardened in situ, e.g., molded.
275 for incased or housed resistors generally whose casing
is formed and hardened on the resistor as by molding.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 96 for potted induction
devices.
Subclass:
270
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is wound or coiled on a core,
the surface of the core engaging the helix or winding over
substantially the entire periphery of the core and over the
entire axial length of the helix or winding as, for example,
to reinforce or shape the helix or winding over its length.
(1) Note. The manner of assembly of the element on the core
is immaterial for classification in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 264+ for a resistor whose element is coiled on a
core, and with a casing or housing formed as a coating.
301 for resistors generally whose element is coiled on a
flat or ribbon base.
subclasses 302+ for resistors generally whose elements are
coiled on a cylindrical or prismatic core.
Subclass:
271
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein one or both of the resistance terminals constitute a
casing or housing for the resistance element.
(1) Note. Usually in this subclass one of the terminals is
formed as a sleeve which surrounds the resistance element,
the other terminal making contact with the element within the
sleeve.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for a probe thermometer type resistor one of whose
terminals forms a casing.
272 for a resistor whose terminals or leads surround and are
secure to the casing or housing.
332 for a resistor whose terminal embraces or surrounds the
resistance element.
Subclass:
272
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein one or more of the resistance terminals or conductors
connecting the resistance element or terminal to an external
circuit surround the housing or casing and are also secured
to the casing or housing.
(1) Note. Usually the subject matter of this subclass
includes an elongated tubular casing with an elongated
resistance element therein, the resistance terminals being
formed as caps on the ends of the casing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
266 for helical or wound resistors whose casing is formed as
a coating, the terminal surrounding the element and/or core.
313 for a resistor with a base extending along the
resistance element, and with a terminal embracing the base.
332 for a resistor having a terminal embracing or
surrounding the resistance element.
Subclass:
273
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein the casing or housing has an elongated shape, and the
resistance terminal or the conductor connecting the
resistance element or terminal with an external circuit
extends into an end of the casing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
276 for a resistor having a terminal or lead extending
through the casing or housing wall.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclasses 74+
for conduit cables, and conductors with end structure.
Subclass:
274
This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Subject matter
wherein distinct structure such as a disc, seal, or cap is
provided between the casing and the terminal or lead
conductor to seal any space existing therebetween.
(1) Note. For classification in this subclass distinct
sealing structure is necessary, as opposed to a mere tight
fit or adhesion between the casing and the terminal or lead,
which subject matter is classified in the generic subclass
273.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
233 for a resistor whose casing or housing is elongated in
shape and has a plug disc or cap at the end for ready opening
of the casing and/or separation from the resistance element.
237 for resistors whose elements are hermetically sealed in
spaced relation from their casings or housings.
269 and 275, for resistors with molded or fused casings and
housings which may be directly sealed to the terminals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 77
for conduit, cable, and conductor with sealing end
structure.
Subclass:
275
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein the casing or housing has been applied to all or part
of the remaining resistance structure in a plastic and
formable state with substantially no intervening space
between the casing or housing and the resistance structure,
and then hardened in position.
(1) Note. Usually there is some bonding or adhesion between
the casing or housing and the resistance structure which the
casing covers. The most common examples of the subject
matter of this class are plastic or ceramic casings molded on
the resistor, or glass fused to the resistor. The hardening
need not be sufficient to render the casing entirely rigid
for classification in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
193 for mechanically variable resistors with an angularly
movable contact, with an enclosure formed on and hardened on
the resistance element.
subclasses 210+ for flexible or folded resistors.
230 for resistors having a metal casing or housing cast
around the element.
250 and 333, for resistors whose element is in insulation
with an outer metallic sheath, the insulation being formed
and hardened in situ, e.g., molded.
252 for resistors embedded or enclosed in a groove or recess
with a filling hardened in situ.
subclasses 262+ for resistors whose casing or housing is
formed as a coating. See also (1) Note under subclass 262
for the distinction between a coating and the subject matter
of this subclass (275).
269 for helical or wound resistors whose casing is formed on
and hardened on the resistor, e.g., molded.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 98
for embedded conduit-ducts or conductors, and subclasses 110+
for insulated cables.
Subclass:
276
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein at least one resistance terminal or conductor
connecting the resistance element or terminal to an external
circuit extends through a wall of the casing to permit an
electrical connection to be made externally to the resistance
element.
(1) Note. For classification here the terminal must extend
through the casing wall. Where the resistance element
extends through the wall classification is not in this
subclass, but in the generic subclass 226.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 273+ for a resistor whose terminals extend into
an end of the sheath.
312 for a resistor with a base, the terminal extending
through the base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 18
and 65 for boxes and housings with openings for passing
conduit or cable, and subclasses 151+ for insulators for
insulating a conductor extending through a wall or plate.
Subclass:
277
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistor includes mechanical protecting
structure such as a guard, screen, or mechanical shield which
is secured to the remaining resistor structure and is spaced
from the resistance elements and/or terminals.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 for resistors with vented or ventilating casings or
housings.
subclasses 64+ for resistors with electrical shields.
subclasses 226+ for incased, embedded, or housed resistors,
the casing or housing forming a protecting structure.
311 for a resistor whose element is mounted in a groove in
the base.
334 for resistors with heat shielding structure, not
otherwise classifiable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 5 for
miscellaneous electric shock hazard protecting devices. See
also the Notes under this subclass for an extended field of
search for this subject matter.
Subclass:
278
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein a flat ribbon or strip-like resistance element
is coiled or otherwise formed as a flat or cylindrical helix
with the narrow edges of the resistance element forming the
outer and inner boundary surfaces of the helix, the wider
flat surfaces of the resistance elements extending transverse
to the helix.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass is most
commonly a cylindrical core with helically disposed grooves
therein, and a ribbon resistance element having an edge
extending in the groove. In this subclass the resistance
element in a strip with ribbon-like characteristics.
However, the element is bent or curved edgewise as opposed to
the common flatwise bend occurring in the subject matter of
subclasses 279+ below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for a resistor including a ventilated helical element.
261 263 and 267+, for incased, embedded or housed helical or
wound resistors.
282 for a resistor whose element is a helix formed from a
bent ribbon. See also (1) Note above.
subclasses 296+ for helical or wound resistors, generally.
333 for resistors of a particular configuration not
otherwise classified.
Subclass:
279
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistance element constitutes an
elongated continuous flat ribbon, strip, or tape of uniform
cross-sectional dimensions and integral over its length
between terminals, the element being bent or curved along its
flat sides between terminals into a particular configuration
while retaining the ribbon-like characteristic.
(1) Note. In this subclass the flat portion of the ribbon
is bent or curved. The bend on the flat sides may be
transverse or oblique to the length of ribbon. An edgewise
bend or curve as may occur in an edgewise wound helix in a
zigzag grid resistance element is not classified here, but in
such subclasses as 278 and 283+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 for mesh, woven, or braided resistors.
212 for flexible or folding tape resistors.
278 for a resistor whose element is helical and formed as an
edgewise coiled strip. See also (1) Note above and under
subclass 278.
297 for a resistor whose element is a flat helix or
winding.
301 for a resistor whose element is coiled on a flat or
ribbon base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 133
for noncircular strand section conductor structure.
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 223 for inductor winding of
a noncircular section.
Subclass:
280
This subclass is indented under subclass 279. Subject matter
wherein the flat ribbon or strip resistance element is bent
or curved into a zigzag or sinusoid.
(1) Note. See the definition of subclass 283 for the
definition of a zigzag or sinuous resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for ventilated zigzag type resistors.
subclasses 283+ for zigzag or sinuous resistors generally.
Subclass:
281
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Subject matter
wherein the ribbon or strip resistance element includes
integral structure, which may be a particular shape such as a
rib or channel, to reduce any tendency of the ribbon or strip
to bend.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
284 for a zigzag or sinuous resistor whose element includes
integral stiffening structure.
291 for such a resistor which includes a transverse element
stiffening or reinforcing rod or strip.
333 for resistors of a particular configuration not
classified above.
Subclass:
282
This subclass is indented under subclass 279. Subject matter
wherein the flat ribbon or strip resistance element is bent
or curved into a helical or spiral configuration.
(1) Note. See the definition of subclasses 296+ for the
definition of a helical or spiral element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for ventilated helical resistors.
subclasses 62+ for noninductively wound resistance
elements.
subclasses 68+ and particularly subclasses 117, 141 and
143+, for mechanically adjustable or variable resistors
including a helical ribbon resistance element.
207 for a resistor whose element and base are folded or
rolled.
218 for wire wound tapered resistors.
261 263 and 267+, for an incased, embedded or housed resistor
whose element is helical or wound.
subclasses 296+ for helical or wound resistors generally.
Subclass:
283
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter where the resistance element is composed of at least
three elongated portions extending side by side and/or
coextensive and electrically separate, the alternate adjacent
ends being electrically connected by being in contact or
integral, or by resistive or conductive material to provide a
series path through the elongated portions.
(1) Note. The elongated portions need not be straight, but
may be curved or zigzag. Further, if straight, the portions
need not extend in parallel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for a resistor with a heat radiation type resistance
element formed as a zigzag.
58 for ventilated zigzag type resistors.
subclasses 114+ for a deformable variable resistor whose
element has a zigzag shape.
subclasses 226+ for incased, embedded, or housed zigzag or
sinuous resistors.
subclasses 280+ for zigzag or sinuous bent ribbon
resistors.
295 for plural resistance elements generally connected by a
jumper.
subclasses 296+ for helical or wound resistors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 200+ for electric heaters
of zigzag or sinuous shape, and subclass 540 for radiating
plate heaters whose resistance elements may have a zigzag or
sinuous shape.
Subclass:
284
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter
wherein the elongated portions of the zigzag or sinusoidal
element include integral structure, which includes a
particular shape, such as a rib or channel, to reduce any
tendency of the elongated portion to bend.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
281 for zigzag resistors formed as a continuous bent ribbon
of uniform cross-section and including a stiffening bend.
291 for a zigzag or sinuous resistor with a transverse
element stiffening or reinforcing rod or strip.
Subclass:
285
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter
wherein the zigzag or sinuous element lies substantially over
its entire length in a groove in a base forming a supporting
structure.
(1) Note. The resistance element may be coated on the walls
of a zigzag or sinusoidal shaped groove.
(2) Note. For classification in this subclass the zigzag or
sinuous element must be disposed in the groove over
substantially its entire length, as where the walls of the
groove, i.e., the base, provide rigidity for the element. In
subclass 290 below the element merely projects in or through
an opening, which may be a groove, over a small portion of
its length, as for supporting the element or suspending the
element between spaced portions on a frame or other support.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 252+ for an incased resistor whose element is
embedded in a groove in the casing.
290 for a zigzag or sinuous resistor whose element projects
in or through an opening or slot in a supporting frame. See
also (2) Note above.
303 for a helical or wound resistor whose element is
disposed in a helical groove on the core.
311 for resistors generally having an element mounted in a
groove in the base.
317 for resistors generally having an element projecting or
threading through a support.
Subclass:
286
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter
wherein the resistor includes in the same part a helical
pattern as well as the zigzag or sinuous pattern.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass usually
includes a resistor whose element is a helical wire which is
shaped into a larger overall zigzag or sinusoid, or whose
element is a zigzag or sinusoidal wire which is shaped into a
larger overall helix.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
48 for plural separate diverse resistors.
subclasses 296+ for helical or wound type resistors.
333 for resistors generally of a particular configuration.
Subclass:
287
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is shaped to provide two
distinct zigzag patterns in the same portion of the
resistance element.
(1) Note. Usually the compound resistance element is formed
by a series of zigzag grids disposed in parallel with
alternate adjacent ends connected to form a second zigzag
pattern, or a zigzag resistance element is bent to form a
second zigzag pattern.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
286 for a resistor whose element is shaped to include in the
same portion a helical and a zigzag or sinuous pattern.
298 for compound helical or wound resistors.
Subclass:
288
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element includes three or more
resistive strips substantially parallel or lying in
substantially parallel planes, alternate adjacent ends of the
strips being electrically connected in series by conductive
material usually formed as a connecting wire, strip, or
block, thus forming the strips into a zigzag or sinuous
pattern.
(1) Note. For classification in this subclass the jumper or
spacer must be conductive at least to the extent of having a
substantially lower resistivity than the resistive strips.
Further, the jumpers or spacers must be distinct from the
strips. Where the jumpers or spacers are integral with the
strips or of the same material or resistivity as the strips,
classification is in the generic subclass 287. Further, when
no jumper or spacer is present, the strips directly
contacting each other at their respective ends,
classification is in subclass 287 above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
289 for zigzag or sinuous resistors generally whose elements
are connected by conductive jumpers or spacers.
295 for plural resistance elements generally connected by a
jumper or spacer.
Subclass:
289
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter
wherein the resistive element includes three or more
elongated resistive portions which are substantially
parallel, alternate adjacent ends of the portions being
electrically connected in series by conductive material
usually formed as a connecting wire strip or block, thus
forming a zigzag or sinuous pattern.
(1) Note. For classification in this subclass the jumper or
spacer must be conductive, at least to the extent of having a
substantially lower resistivity than the resistive portions.
Further, the jumpers or spacers must be distinct from the
resistive portions. Where the jumpers or spacers are
integral with the resistive portions or of the same material
or resistivity, classification is in the generic subclasses
283+. Further, when no jumper or spacer is present, the
strips directly contacting each other at their respective
ends classification is in subclasses 283+ above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
288 for compound or multiple zigzag resistors one of whose
zigzag patterns is formed by jumpers or spacers connecting
elongated resistance elements, which are parallel or in
parallel planes.
295 for plural resistors generally which form a unitary
structure and are connected in series by conductive jumpers
or spacers.
Subclass:
290
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is disposed for a part
(substantially less than all) of its length in a slot, notch,
or other opening in the frame or support, the frame or
support directly engaging the element over a portion of its
length, usually for the purpose of positioning the element on
the frame or support.
(1) Note. In this subclass the element is disposed in a
notch or slot for a small part of its length where it passes
through the frame or support for supporting purposes. While
in subclass 284 above the element lies in a groove in a base
over substantially its entire length, usually for the purpose
of imparting rigidity to the element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for ventilated zigzag type resistors.
252 for a resistor whose element is embedded in a groove in
the casing.
285 for a zigzag or sinuous type resistor whose element
extends along a groove for substantially the entire length of
the element. See also (1) Note above.
303 for a helical or wound resistor whose element is
disposed in an opening or groove in a frame or support.
310 for resistors generally whose elements extend through a
base.
317 for resistors generally whose elements extend through a
support.
Subclass:
291
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter
wherein a rod or strip extends transversely to the elongated
portions of the zigzag or sinusoidal element and engages
these portions to prevent the portions bending with respect
to one another thus providing a reinforcement or stiffening
to the zigzag or sinusoidal element as a whole, the rod or
strip being of insulating material or being insulated from
the elongated portions to avoid short circuiting between the
portions.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass includes
structure which merely insulatingly connects the elongated
portions to prevent relative motion. Where the zigzag or
sinusoidal element or parts thereof are supported with
respect to other objects classification is in subclass 283
and other indented subclasses thereunder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 for mesh, woven, or braided resistors.
226 for incased, embedded, or housed zigzag or sinuous
resistors.
281 for a zigzag or sinuous resistor formed as a continuous
bent ribbon with a stiffening bend.
284 for a sinuous or zigzag resistor whose element includes
integral stiffening structure.
285 for a sinuous or zigzag resistor whose element lies in a
groove in a base.
subclasses 287+ for compound or multiple zigzag resistors
whose elements are joined by structure such as rods or strips
which may stiffen or reinforce as well as support the
elements.
290 for a zigzag or sinuous resistor whose element extends
through an opening or slot in a support or frame, the
supporting or frame structure around the opening or slot
providing a possible stiffening or reinforcement for the
element as well as a support.
306 for resistors generally having a base extending along
the resistance element.
Subclass:
292
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is formed as a coating on a
base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
300 for a helical resistor whose element forms a coating.
subclasses 308+ for a resistance whose element is coated on
a base. See also the Search Notes under this subclass.
Subclass:
293
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is flat in one dimension to
lie substantially in one plane.
(1) Note. A resistance element having a flat surface is not
necessarily classified in the subclass. For classification
here the overall shape must be flat or planar.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
212 for flexible or folding resistors formed as a sheet.
254 for a resistor whose flattened element is embedded
between flat layers.
subclasses 279+ for resistors formed as bent ribbons.
subclasses 287+ for a compound or multiple zigzag type
resistor whose element has a planar shape.
293 for zigzag or sinuous resistors whose elements extend
through openings or slots in a support or frame and are
planar.
314 for a resistor whose element and base are formed in
layers.
333 for resistors of a particular configuration not
classified above.
Subclass:
294
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter
wherein the zigzag or sinuous resistance element lies in or
is formed as a cylindrical surface of revolution.
(1) Note. The elongated potions of the resistance element
may form elements of a cylinder or be circular to lie in the
cylindrical surface of revolution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 162+ and 190+, for mechanically variable
resistors with an angularly movable contact arm whose
resistance element is formed as a cylindrical zigzag or
sinusoid.
207 for a resistor whose element and base are folded or
rolled.
286 for a compound or multiple zigzag resistor including a
helical pattern.
subclasses 287+ for compound or multiple zigzag resistors
generally.
subclasses 296+ for helical or wound resistors generally.
Subclass:
295
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein a plurality of resistors as there defined have
their elements connected at one of the respective ends, by a
separate and distinct conductor, the resistance elements
being close together and physically supported to form a
unitary resistance structure.
(1) Note. The conductor must be of appreciable length. Two
resistors whose elements are in physical contact to produce a
galvanic connection therebetween are not classified here, but
in subclasses 319 or 320, if supported to form a unitary
structure. The connection should have a conductivity
appreciably greater than the resistance element. A mere
plurality of resistors connected electrically in some circuit
arrangement is not classified here, but in such Classes as
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, and
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks. The plurality of
resistors should in themselves be closely arranged to form a
resistive unitary structure for classification here.
(2) Note. Where three or more elongated resistance elements
are arranged side by side in parallel with alternate ends
connected by a conducting spacer or jumper to form a zigzag
resistor classification is in subclass 289, or in subclass
288, if the zigzag so formed is one zigzag of a compound or
multiple zigzag resistor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
48 for plural separate diverse resistors which may be
connected by a jumper.
subclasses 128+ for plural mechanically variable resistors
which may be connected by a jumper.
subclasses 279+ for resistors whose elements are formed as
a bent ribbon.
288 for compound or multiple zigzag or sinuous shaped
resistors whose elements are connected by a conductive jumper
or spacer. See also (2) Note above.
289 for zigzag or sinuous shaped resistors generally whose
elements are connected by a conductive jumper or spacer. See
also (2) Note above.
319 320, for plural resistors which are supported to form a
unitary structure. See also (1) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 462.1 for an exposed planar
support surface for material to be heated (e.g., hot plate,
etc.) having plural heating elements gapped from an underside
of the support surface (e.g., ceramic plate, radiation type,
etc.).
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclass 218 and 297 for phase control and output control
respectively, which include a plurality of impedances, which
may be resistors, connected together. See also (1) Note
above.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 81 for
attenuators. See also (1) Note above.
Subclass:
296
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein an elongated resistance element is formed as
two or more continuous closed coils or loops as a spiral,
helix, or toroidal winding.
(1) Note. In the subject matter of this and the indented
subclasses the coils are substantially closed, any opening
being for continuing the resistance element to the next turn.
In zigzag or sinuous resistors in subclasses 283+ above, the
loops are open at one end, and may in addition include sharp
changes in the direction of the elongated resistance
elements. While the helical or wound resistors in this
subclass may be flattened, there is an appreciable thickness,
as opposed to the zigzag or sinuous type in subclasses 283+
above, where the element may lie substantially in one plane
or all portions of the element substantially coincide along
the longitudinal axis of zigzag or sinusoid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for ventilated helical resistors.
subclasses 62+ for resistors with helical or wound elements
with inductance reducing means.
subclasses 68+ for mechanically variable resistors which
may include a helical winding.
207 for a resistor whose element and/or base is permanently
folded or rolled.
subclasses 208+ for mesh, woven, or braided resistors.
214 for cable type resistors which may include a helical
resistance element.
218 for helical or wound tapered resistors.
subclasses 263+ and 267+, for helical or wound resistors
which are embedded, incased, or housed.
278 for resistors with edgewise coiled helical strip
resistance elements.
282 for helical or wound resistors formed as a bent ribbon.
subclasses 283+ for zigzag or sinuous shaped resistors; and
especially subclass 286 for such resistors including a
helical winding pattern. See also (1) Note above.
321 for cores and frames for helical or wound resistors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 610.1 for methods of making
helical or wound resistors involving metal working and
assembly, and subclass 618 for such methods with winding
together with enveloping or housing.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 138
for insulators, per se, upon which a resistor may be wound.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 430+ for a
process or apparatus for forming an article by winding
material onto a core.
336, Inductor Devices, appropriate subclasses for inductor
devices which may be helical or wound.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 592
for metallic stock either in the form of a helix or having a
helical component.
Subclass:
297
This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is formed as a flat spiral
lying in one plane.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
147 for contact following helical resistors, whose elements
are formed as a flat spiral.
subclasses 293+ for zigzag or sinuous resistors whose
elements lie in one plane.
301 for helical or wound resistors whose elements are coiled
on a flat or ribbon base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 540 for radiating plate
electric heaters.
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 232 for planar type
inductance coils.
Subclass:
298
This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is formed in two or more
distinct helical or winding patterns, as a coiled wire
resistance element being, in turn, helically wound on a
cylindrical form.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 287+ for compound or multiple zigzag resistors,
and especially subclass 286, where one of the winding
patterns is helical.
297 for compound helically wound resistors, where one of the
winding patterns is flattened.
299 for resistors formed with plural supported helices or
windings.
Subclass:
299
This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Subject matter
including a plurality of helical or wound distinct resistance
elements together with the necessary supporting structure to
establish a fixed physical relationship between the elements
as opposed to a mere electrical connection.
(1) Note. Two distinct windings electrically connected and
on a common core are classifiable in this subclass. However,
a mere plurality of electrically connected layers, one layer
being wound on the layer beneath; or two electrically
connected windings whose wires parallel one another; or a
bifilar winding are not sufficient to constitute plural
windings for classification in this subclass. See subclass
296 and other indented subclasses thereunder for this subject
matter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
62 for plural resistance helices or windings related to
reduce or eliminate any inductance existing in the helices or
windings.
subclasses 68+ for mechanically variable resistors which
may include a plurality of helical or wound resistance
elements.
subclasses 208+ for mesh, woven, or braided resistors.
218 for wire wound tapered resistors.
261 for plural embedded, incased, or housed helical or wound
resistors.
295 for plural resistors connected by a jumper.
298 for compound helical or wound resistors.
319 and 320, for plural resistors generally with a mounting
or supporting means. See also the Search Notes under subclass
315 for a field of search for resistors with mounting or
supporting means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 430+ for a
process or apparatus for forming an article by winding
material onto a core; particularly subclasses 439.5+, 440.1,
444+, and 445.1 for applying plural windings upon a core
sequentially or simultaneously (e.g., to make a resistance
element).
336, Inductor Devices, especially subclasses 65+, 115+, 170+,
and 180+ for plural inductor coils.
Subclass:
300
This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Subject matter
wherein the helical resistance element constitutes a helical
coating on an insulating base or support.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
195 for resistors which may be varied or adjusted by
removing and/or adding material, the resistance element being
formed as a coating.
292 for zigzag or sinuous shaped resistors whose elements
form coatings.
subclasses 308+ for resistors generally whose elements are
formed as a coating on a base. See also the Search Notes
under subclass 308.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 200 for inductor coil
structure comprising a printed conductive coating on a base.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclasses
195+ for a plural layer product having a nonuniform
coating, impregnation or bond which may be helical in pattern
and subclass 222 for a plural component product in which one
of the components may be helical, and in which the products
above may involve resistance materials.
Subclass:
301
This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is wound or coiled around a
base which is flat or ribbon shaped, the coils of the winding
engaging the flat surfaces as well as the edge surfaces of
the base over the entire length of the coil to result in a
flattened winding having a shape similar to the
cross-sectional shape of the base.
(1) Note. For classification here the winding must be
around the base and be flattened to the base. Where the
helical element passes through openings in the base to result
in the base surrounding the element and/or where the element
is separated from the sides of the base to retain a circular
cross section, classification is in subclasses 304+ below.
Likewise a flattened winding on a base other than flat or
ribbon like, as being wound on two spaced parallel struts, is
not classified here, but in subclasses 304+ below.
(2) Note. The manner of applying the element to the base is
immaterial for classification in this subclass. The element
may be preformed as a coil and applied to the base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
212 for flexible or folding tape resistors.
subclasses 279+ for a resistor whose element is formed as a
bent ribbon.
296 for helical or wound resistors generally of a particular
shape.
297 for planar helical or winding type resistors.
Subclass:
302
This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is wound or coiled on a
cylindrical or prismatic core, the surface of the core
engaging the helix over substantially the entire periphery of
the core and over the entire axial length of the helix or
winding as, for example, to reinforce or shape the helix over
its length.
(1) Note. For classification in this subclass, the winding
must be in contact with the cylindrical or prismatic core
over substantially the entire length of the winding as
opposed to mere engagement at points or elements of the core,
in which latter case classification is in subclasses 304+
below.
(2) Note. The manner of assembly of the element on the core
is immaterial for classification in this subclass. The
element may be preformed as a coil, and applied to the core.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
214 for a cable type resistor whose element may be helical.
218 for a tapered resistor as where the element is wound on
a tapered core.
261 264+ and 270, for incased, embedded, or housed resistance
elements coiled on a core.
298 for a resistor whose element is wound on a core, the
element being formed as a compound helix.
299 for resistors whose elements are formed as a plurality
of distinct helices or windings on a core.
300 for a resistor whose element is formed as a coated helix
on a core.
301 for a resistor where the core is formed as a flat base
or ribbon.
subclasses 304+ for a resistor whose element is wound or
otherwise disposed on a frame or support, there being only an
engagement between the element and the frame or support over
a portion of the length of the element. See also (1) Note
above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, particularly subclass 543 and 546+
for electrical heaters, wherein the heating element is wound
on a core.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 430+ for a
process or apparatus for forming an article (e.g., a
resistor) by winding material onto a core.
336, Inductor Devices, especially subclasses 130+, 172, 196+,
and 221, for inductor devices involving a coil wound on a
core.
Subclass:
303
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Subject matter
wherein the core is provided with a helical groove in its
surface, the resistance element being disposed in the groove
with the convolutions of the element lying along the helical
path of the groove.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
252 for an incased, embedded, or housed resistor whose
element is embedded in a groove in the casing.
285 for a zigzag or sinuous shaped resistor whose element
lies in a groove in the base.
305 for a helical or wound resistor whose element extends in
or through a groove or opening in a frame or support.
311 for resistors in general whose elements are mounted in
grooves in the base.
Subclass:
304
This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Subject matter
wherein the helical resistance element is wound or otherwise
disposed on a frame or support, the frame or support directly
engaging the winding over a portion or portions of its
length.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for ventilated helical resistors.
197 for a mechanically variable resistor whose element may
be helical, and with a support.
299 for plural supported helices or windings.
302 for a resistor whose element is wound or otherwise
disposed on a cylindrical or prismatic core. See also (1)
Note above.
subclasses 306+ for a resistor whose base extends along the
resistance element.
subclasses 314+ for resistors generally with a supporting
or mounting means.
Subclass:
305
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is wound or otherwise disposed
in a notch, groove or other opening in the frame or support,
usually for the purpose of positioning the element on the
frame or support.
(1) Note. The subject matter in this subclass usually
involves a resistance element wound in notches on the surface
of a supporting frame, or a helical resistance element
extending through an opening in each of a series of
supporting portions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
252 for an incased, embedded, or housed resistor whose
element is embedded in a groove in the casing.
290 for a zigzag or sinuous type resistor whose element
extends through openings or slots in a supporting frame.
303 for a helical or wound resistor whose element is wound
in a groove on a cylindrical or prismatic core.
310 for resistors generally whose elements extend through a
base.
317 for resistors generally whose elements thread or project
through supports.
Subclass:
306
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including a resistance element, and a non-resistive
element in close physical relationship therewith to impart a
rigidity or reinforcing to the resistance element not
otherwise present.
(1) Note. Usually the resistance element is thin or
flexible and extends along and in contact with the side of a
base of insulating material, the base supplying the necessary
rigidity. In the combination of an element and mounting
means or a support as defined in subclasses 315+, the
mounting means or support maintains the element as a whole,
positioned with respect to other structure, as opposed to
providing mere rigidity as in this subclasses (306+).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
207 for a resistor whose element and base are permanently
folded or rolled.
subclasses 210+ for flexible or folding resistors.
226 for incased, embedded, or housed resistors which may
include a base.
subclasses 279+ for a resistor formed as a bent ribbon
which may include a base.
subclasses 283+ for a zigzag or sinuous shaped resistor
which may include a base.
subclasses 296+ for helical or wound resistors with a form
for the helix or winding.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 461.1 for an exposed planar
support surface for material to be heated (e.g., hot plate,
etc.) where a heating element is gapped from an underside of
the support surface (e.g., ceramic plate, radiation type,
etc.) and has a supporting, retaining, or mounting means for
heating element or subclass 467.1 for an exposed planar
support surface for material to be heated (e.g., hot plate,
etc.) where a heating unit is contacting a planar underside
of the support surface (e.g., sheet metal, etc.) and has a
supporting, retaining, or mounting means for a heating
element.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for a plural layer product which may involve a
layer of resistance material and a layer of nonresistance
material, see especially subclasses 457+ in which one of
the layers is a metal.
Subclass:
307
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
wherein the resistance and/or terminal is coated on the base
in a particular pattern or mark as by stenciling, printing,
stamping or drawing.
(1) Note. In this subclass only a portion of the base is
covered as by the pattern or line. While in coatings as
defined in subclasses 308+ below the coating covers the base
or a distinct part of the base without any particular shape
or configuration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 2+ for strain gauges of the deformable type
whose resistance elements are formed as coatings having
particular patterns or marks.
subclasses 15+ for photoconductive resistors whose elements
are formed as coatings having particular patterns or marks.
292 for a zigzag or sinuous shaped resistor whose element is
coated on a base.
300 for a helical resistor whose element is coated on a
base.
308 for resistors generally whose elements are coated on a
base, and subclass 309 for such resistors where the terminal
is also coated on the base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 200 for printed-circuit-type
inductor coils.
361, Electricity: Electrical, Systems and Devices, 748+ for
printed circuit board having diverse electrical components.
Subclass:
308
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is coated on the base, and
covers the base or a distinct part of the base.
(1) Note. For classification in this subclass, the resistor
element must be recited as having special structure, e.g.,
details of the shape of the element and/or base, details of
the terminal, or a relationship between the terminal and or
base, etc. For a mere product, not having such structure,
but exhibiting resistance properties, see Search Class note
below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
142 for mechanically adjustable resistors with coated
tapered resistor elements and subclass 217 for coated tapered
fixed resistors.
211 for a flexible resistor wherein the resistance material
is coated on or impregnated in flexible material, such as a
fabric.
258 for a resistor whose element is coated on the interior
of a casing.
subclasses 262+ for resistors whose casing or housing forms
a coating.
283 for a zigzag or sinuous shaped resistance whose element
constitutes a coating.
300 for a helical resistor whose element constitutes a
coating.
307 for a resistor whose element is printed or marked on a
base.
327 for a resistor whose terminals are coated on the
element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 522 for windows including
transparent material with a resistance coating thereon for
heating the window.
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 58+ for coating
processes, per se, wherein the product has utility as an
electrical article.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a plural layer product which may involve a
layer of resistive material and a layer of nonresistive
material and especially subclasses 195+ for a nonuniform
coating on a base. See also (1) Note above.
Subclass:
309
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the terminals is coated on the
resistance element and/or on the base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
327 for a resistor at least one of whose terminals is coated
on the element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a plural layer product which may involve a
layer of resistance material and a layer of nonresistance
material and especially subclasses 195+ for a nonuniform
coating on a base. See also (1) Note in subclass 308,
above.
Subclass:
310
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element extends through the base.
(1) Note. In this subclass only a portion of the element is
surrounded by the base, i.e., the portion of the element that
extends through the base. While for classification in
subclasses 226+ as an embedded incased or housed resistance
the element is substantially enclosed by the base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 226+ for resistors generally which are embedded,
incased, or housed. See also (1) Note above.
228 for resistors which thread or project through a
support.
252 285, 303, and 311, for a resistor whose element is
disposed in a groove in the base or casing.
312 for resistors whose terminals extend through the base.
Subclass:
311
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is positioned in a groove in
the base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 226+ for resistors which are incased, embedded,
or housed; and particularly subclass 252, for resistors whose
element is embedded in a groove in the casing.
285 for a zigzag or sinuous shaped resistor, whose element
is disposed in a groove in the base.
303 for a helical or wound resistor, whose element is
disposed in a groove in the base.
subclasses 308+ for a resistor whose element is coated on
the interior of a groove in the base.
310 for a resistor whose element extends through the base.
Subclass:
312
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
wherein the resistance terminal extends in or through the
base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
310 for a resistor whose resistance element extends through
the base.
322 and 331, for a resistor whose terminals extend within
the resistance element.
Subclass:
313
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
wherein the terminal extends substantially around an external
surface of the base, as a cap or encircling ring.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
310 for a resistor whose element extends through the base.
312 for resistors whose terminals extend in or through the
base, the base thus embracing the terminals.
331 for a resistor whose element surrounds a terminal.
332 for a resistor whose terminals surround the element.
Subclass:
314
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element and base are formed in flat
layers or as plates and piled on one another to form a
lamination.
(1) Note. The layers may or may not be bonded together.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
101 and 115, for a mechanically variable resistor whose
element is formed as a pile.
subclasses 204+ for solid pile resistance elements.
254 for resistance elements embedded between layers.
307 for a resistor whose element is printed or marked on the
base.
subclasses 308+ for a resistor whose element is coated on
the base.
328 for a resistor whose terminals and elements are disposed
in flat layers.
Subclass:
315
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistor is combined with structure that
establishes and/or maintains its position or path of movement
with reference to some other object, and not classified above
or elsewhere.
(1) Note. For classification here some significant details
of the resistance must be claimed. Classes 211 and 248
below, provide for supports for resistances or for the
nominal combination of a resistor with support details.
Class 174, especially subclass 138, provides for insulators,
which may also perform a supporting function. The subclasses
above in this schedule include resistors combined with
particular types of supports, not otherwise classifiable.
See the subclasses under SEARCH THIS CLASS below, for such
subject matter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16 for photoconductive resistors with vibration control.
50 for a resistor mounted on wheels or on a vehicle.
64 for resistors with electric and/or magnetic shielding.
67 for a resistor mounted on a diverse nonelectrical
device.
98 for a mechanically variable resistor with vibration
damping means; subclasses 164, 184 and 199 for such a
resistor with a housing; and subclass 197 for such a resistor
with a support.
219 for a resistor on a lamp socket or base 221, for
detachable plug-in type resistors.
subclasses 226+ for incased, embedded, or housed
resistors.
290 for sinuous or zigzag resistors whose elements project
through a slot or opening in a support or frame.
299 for a helical or wound resistor with a plurality of
supported helices or windings; subclass 301 for such a
resistor whose elements are wound on a flat or ribbon base;
subclasses 302+ for such a resistor wound on a cylindrical or
prismatic base; and subclasses 304+ for such a resistor on a
frame or support generally.
subclasses 306+ for a resistor whose element extends along
a base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, especially
subclass 138 for insulators which may perform a supporting
function. See also (1) Note above.
211, Supports: Racks, appropriate subclasses, for plural
article supports. See also (1) Note above.
219, Electric Heating, subclass 461.1 for an exposed planar
support surface for material to be heated (e.g., hot plate,
etc.) where a heating element is gapped from an underside of
the support surface (e.g., ceramic plate, radiation type,
etc.) and has a particular supporting, retaining or mounting
means for a heating element, subclass 467.1 for an exposed
planar support surface for material to be heated (e.g., hot
plate, etc.) where a heating unit is contacting a planar
underside of the support surface (e.g., sheet metal, etc.)
and has a particular supporting, retaining, or mounting means
for heating element, or subclass 468.2 for an exposed planar
support surface for material to be heated (e.g., hot plate,
etc.) where a heating element is in a groove on an underside
of the support surface (e.g., cast metal plate, etc.).
248, Supports, appropriate subclasses, for single article
supports. See also (1) Note above.
361, Electricity: Electrical, Systems and Devices,
subclasses 627+ for distribution or control panel board
having resistances.
Subclass:
316
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Subject matter
wherein the support includes structure, such as a spring,
which offsets the effect of expansion or contraction of the
resistance element due, for example, to temperature change,
and/or which permits the resistance element to freely expand
or contract.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 7+ for resistors whose value varies to
compensate for temperature variations.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, subclass 274.1 for adjustable brackets.
Subclass:
317
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element passes through the support,
the support substantially surrounding the resistance element
and there being an appreciable portion of the resistance
element on either side of the support.
(1) Note. The most common subject matter here is a resistor
threading through apertures or notches in a series of
supporting rings.
(2) Note. In this subclass the resistance element is
disposed on both sides of the support. While for
classification in subclass 318, it is only necessary that the
resistance element be disposed on one side as when suspended
between the supports.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 210+ for flexible resistors.
subclasses 318+ for resistors suspended between supports.
See also (2) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 40
for conductors with overhead supporting structure, and
subclass 167 for an insulator with a conductor receiving
aperture or an insulator of the bushing type.
248, Supports, subclasses 49+ for pipe or cable supports,
subclasses 200+ for brackets, and subclasses 317+ for
suspended supports.
Subclass:
318
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Subject matter
including at least two supporting portions with a resistance
element suspended between and supported by these two
supporting portions.
(1) Note. Usually the resistance element is rigid and
elongated in shape with terminals at the ends with metallic
supports receiving the resistor by snap action, or the
resistance element is strung between the supports.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
209 for extensible resistors.
subclasses 210+ for flexible resistors which may be
suspended between supports.
290 for a zigzag or sinuous shaped resistor whose element
extends through a slot or opening in a supporting frame.
305 for a helical or wound resistor, whose element extends
through an opening or groove in a supporting frame.
316 for resistance supports with structure which compensates
for or permits resistance expansion and/or contraction.
317 for resistances which thread or project through a
support.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclasses 40+
for overhead conductor structure, and subclasses 168+ for
insulators with conductor holding means.
211, Supports: Racks, subclass 119.01 for clothesline type
supports.
248, Supports, subclasses 58+ for suspended pipe or cable
supports.
Subclass:
319
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of resistors are suspended between the
supporting portions either side by side or end to end, or
wherein a plurality of resistors are suspended between a
plurality of pairs of supporting portions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
320 for plural resistors generally with a support.
322 for plural resistance elements in parallel between
terminals.
Subclass:
320
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of resistors are combined with structure
that establishes and/or maintains their position or path of
movement with reference to some other object or to one
another.
(1) Note. This is the residual subclass for plural
resistors.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14 for a resistor whose value is responsive to a plurality
of conditions.
48 for plural separate diverse resistors.
76 120, 122+, and 128+, for mechanically variable resistors
which may involve a plurality of resistors with a support.
203 for structure readily separable into a plurality of
resistors.
235 239 and 260, for plural resistors which are embedded,
incased, or housed.
287 for a compound or multiple zigzag or sinuous resistor
with a support.
295 for plural resistance elements connected by a jumper.
299 for a plural helix or winding type resistor with a
support.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
211, Supports: Racks, appropriate subclasses, for plural
article supports.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses
627+ for distribution or control panel board having
resistors.
Subclass:
321
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including a base claimed, per se, usually of
insulating material on which the resistance element may be
wound or otherwise strung, and peculiarly adapted for this
purpose and not classified elsewhere.
(1) Note. For classification here the claimed subject
matter must be limited to the base core or frame, and exclude
the resistance element. The combination of the resistance
element together with the base, core, or frame is classified
in the pertinent subclasses above, a few of the more
pertinent subclasses being given in the Search Notes below.
As between this subclass 321, and the insulators of special
application in subclass 138 of Class 174, this subclass (321)
includes insulators which are constituent parts of the
resistor, as to have a resistance element wound or strung
thereon. However, an insulator for supporting a resistance
wire at one point thereon, this wire being strung in space in
the manner of an aerial electrical conductor is not
classified here; but in Class 174, subclass 138. See also the
Search Notes under subclass 138 of Class 174.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 283+ for resistors whose elements are strung on
a base in zigzag or sinuous fashion.
subclasses 296+ for resistors whose elements are wound or
otherwise helically disposed on a core.
subclasses 306+ for resistors whose element extends along a
base.
subclasses 315+ for resistors whose element is combined
with a mounting or supporting means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, especially
subclass 138, for insulators of special application. See also
(1) Note above.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 600+ and
118+ for a spool upon which a resistor may be wound, usually
for temporary storage.
248, Supports, subclasses 49+ for cable supports, and
subclasses 200+ for brackets.
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, subclasses 117+
for resistance elements and mountings for the same when
peculiar to or combined with electric furnace structure or
control for electric furnaces.
Subclass:
322
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including a resistance element and one or more
terminals in physical and electrical contact with the element
for connecting the resistance element in an electric
circuit.
(1) Note. Since all resistors must include terminals in the
sense that some structure is necessary to permit energization
of the resistance element, the term "terminals" is
sufficiently broad to include the free ends of the resistance
element. Thus the terminal and resistance element may be
integral with no sharp line of demarcation therebetween.
Usually, however, the terminal is an appreciably better
electrical conductor than the element. The patents in this
subclass usually include those where a significant
relationship exists between the resistance element and its
terminals; or the combination of detailed resistance element
structure and terminals not classified with any of the
particular types of resistors above. The combination of a
resistance element broadly together with detailed terminal
structure where the terminal is for a separable connection
with the associated circuit is classified in Class 439, or in
Class 174, where the terminal is for a permanent connection
with the associated circuit. See the reference to Class 174
under section 6 of the Class Definition of Class 439. Since
all resistors as stated above include terminals, the Search
Notes below are directed only to where significant terminal
structure or relationship may be found.
(2) Note. The combination of a resistance element by name
only together with two terminals is classified here as a
residual home. As between Classes 174 and 439 and this class
(338) the combination of a resistance element broadly recited
and a plurality of spaced terminals is classified in this
class (338). As stated in (1) Note above, the combination of
a resistance element broadly recited and a single terminal is
classified in Classes 174 or 439.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 68+ for mechanically variable resistors with
terminals, especially subclasses 118+, for such resistors
with a movable contact electrically adjustable over the
length of the resistance element.
220 for a resistor in a detachable electrical connector.
221 for resistors of the detachable plug type which may
include particular terminal structure.
229 for a resistor in a probe.
271 for incased resistors whose terminals form the casing.
subclasses 273+ for incased resistors whose terminals
extend into the end of the casing.
276 for incased resistors whose terminals extend through the
casing wall.
subclasses 307+ for a resistor whose terminals are printed
or marked on the base.
309 for resistors whose terminals are coated on the base.
312 for resistors whose terminals extend in or through the
base.
313 for resistors whose terminals embrace the base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, particularly
subclasses 19+, 74+ and 84+, for electrical terminations of
the permanent connection type which may be applied to
resistance structure. See also (1) Note above.
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 58+ for coating
processes, per se, wherein the product has utility as an
electrical article.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a plural layer product comprising one layer
which may be a resistance element and at least one other
layer which may be considered terminals, but without other
structure limiting the product to use as an electric
resistor.
439, Electrical Connectors, appropriate subclasses, for
terminals of the separable type which may be applied to
resistance structure. See also (1) Note above.
Subclass:
323
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element is elongated in shape with a
terminal connected to the element intermediate the ends of
the element, and/or wherein a third terminal is connected to
the resistance element physically or electrically between the
connection of two other terminals.
(1) Note. The elongated element may be coiled or curved,
the essential characteristic being a stretched out length
appreciably greater than the thickness.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 185+ for tap type mechanically adjustable or
variable resistors, and subclass 72 for such resistors in or
on a lamp socket.
325 for resistors generally with three or more terminals.
Subclass:
324
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter
wherein the resistor terminals are significantly different,
as by each terminal with the associated resistance element
being classifiable in different subclasses under subclass
322.
(1) Note. The different must be in the terminal structure
itself or in the relationship between the terminal and the
resistance element. A significant difference in the
detachable connections on respective terminals, each with the
necessary resistance structure being classifiable in subclass
322 below, is sufficient for classification in this subclass
324, the detachable connector being a part of the terminal.
A significant difference exists when included in the claims.
The inclusion of two significantly different detachable
connectors on one terminal is not sufficient for
classification in this subclass (324). For classification
here the significantly different connectors must be on
different resistance terminals.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
48 for plural separate diverse resistors.
66 for ignition interference suppression type resistors
having diverse terminals.
Subclass:
325
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element has at least three distinct
terminals connected thereto.
(1) Note. The terminals must be connected to the resistance
element at spaced points to provide a resistance path between
the terminals for classification in this subclass. A mere
plurality of detachable connectors on a terminal is not
classifiable here, but in subclass 322 above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
323 for resistors having three or more terminals one of
which is tapped along the resistance element.
Subclass:
326
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter
wherein the terminals are positioned relatively close to one
another, i.e., the spacing between the terminals is small as
compared to the length of the current path through the
resistor element, as by forming the resistor as a loop.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
240 for resistors whose elements are embedded in powdered
insulation with an outer metallic sheath, the terminals being
adjacent.
Subclass:
327
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter,
wherein one of the terminals constitutes at least in part a
coating on the resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
244 245, 257, and 262+, for resistors whose casings include a
coating.
309 for a resistor including a base wherein the terminal and
resistance element are coated on the base.
328 for resistors whose terminals and resistance elements
are disposed in flat layers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 58+ for coating
processes, per se, wherein the product has utility as an
electrical article.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a plural layer product comprising one layer
which may be a resistance element and at least one other
layer which may constitute a terminal, but without other
structure limiting the product for use as an electrical
resistor.
Subclass:
328
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter,
wherein the terminals and resistance elements are formed in
flat layers or as plates and piled on one another to form a
lamination.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for shunt type resistors.
101 and 115, for a mechanically adjustable or variable
resistor whose resistance element is formed as a pile.
subclasses 204+ for resistors generally whose elements are
piled or stacked between terminals.
314 for a resistor whose element and base are formed in
layers.
327 for resistors whose terminals are coated on the
resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a plural layer product, one layer of which
may be resistive and another layer of which may be
conductive, see especially subclasses 457+ in which one
layer maybe metal.
Subclass:
329
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the terminals is secured to the
resistance element by welding or soldering.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
330 for resistors whose terminals are integral with the
element as by sintering or impregnating.
Subclass:
330
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element and terminal are formed as an
integral unit.
(1) Note. Examples of this subject matter other than
welded, which are classified in subclass 329 above, are:
when terminals and resistor unit are formed of the same
material, but the terminals having a larger cross sectional
area than the element; when the terminals are formed by
impregnating the ends of the resistance element; and when the
terminals are secured to the resistance unit by sintering.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
327 for resistors whose terminals are coated on the
element.
329 for resistors whose terminals are soldered or welded to
the element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 237 for a consolidated
metal powder composition containing carbide and another
nonmetal.
Subclass:
331
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter
wherein the resistance element surrounds at least part of one
of the terminals, as by the terminal being embedded in the
resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 87+ for mechanically variable resistors wherein
the penetration of the terminal within the resistance element
may be adjusted.
332 for resistors whose terminals embrace or surround the
resistance element.
Subclass:
332
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter
wherein the terminal extends around an appreciable portion of
the resistance element, as by a ring shaped terminal
surrounding an end of the resistance element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
271 for resistors at least one of whose terminals forms a
casing.
313 for resistors whose terminals embrace the base.
327 for resistors whose terminals are coated around the
resistance element.
Subclass:
333
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the resistance element or base has a
significant shape and/or physical dimension.
(1) Note. The significant shape may be cross-sectional,
such as in a tubular resistance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 68+ for mechanically variable resistors whose
resistance value may depend on shape, or wherein the
variation is effected by a change in a dimension; especially
subclass 71, for lamp socket type carbon compressible
resistors; subclasses 99+, for compressible type resistors
generally; subclasses 114+, for deformable resistors;
subclasses 118+, for resistors whose effective length may be
varied; and subclasses 138+, for adjustable tapered
resistors.
208 for mesh, woven, or braided resistors.
209 for extensible resistors.
subclasses 210+ for flexible or folding resistors.
subclasses 217+ for tapered fixed resistors.
subclasses 279+ for a resistor whose element is formed as a
ribbon bent or curved on its flat side.
subclasses 283+ for zigzag or sinuous shaped resistors.
subclasses 296+ for helical or wound resistors.
subclasses 308+ for resistors with coated elements of
significant thickness.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclasses 193+ for strips, rods, bars,
or wires of significant shape.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 138
for insulators of special application which may have a
significant shape.
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, subclass 134 for
resistance furnaces wherein the resistance unit may have a
particular shape.
Subclass:
334
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter which is not provided for in any of the preceding
subclasses in this class.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 610.1 for processes of
assembling electrical resistors not otherwise classifiable.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
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Last Modified: 6 October 2000