U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Classification Index
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Class 331
OSCILLATORS
Class Definition:
This is the generic class for electrical oscillators.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
ELECTRICAL OSCILLATORS OR WAVE GENERATORS OR PRODUCERS
CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
See Classes in References to Other Classes, below.
OSCILLATOR COMBINED WITH OTHER APPARATUS OR SYSTEMS
See References to Other Classes, below.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
84, Music, subclasses 671-722 for electric oscillator tone
generation systems combined with, or restricted to use with,
means to convert the generated tone waves into musical
sounds. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus Or
Systems.)
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 148 for
significant internal combustion engine structure combined
with high tension ignition system, which system may utilize
an electric oscillator. (Oscillator Combined With Other
Apparatus Or Systems.)
178, Telegraphy, appropriate subclasses, for telegraph
apparatus and systems that may employ electrical oscillators;
see particularly subclass 43 for space induction systems,
subclasses 66.1+ for alternating, sine or similar wave
current telegraph systems. (Oscillator Combined With Other
Apparatus Or Systems.)
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass
19.01 for the structure of circuit makers and breakers
designed to be periodically closed and opened; subclass 136.3
for time-controlled or continuously driven thermal switch..
(Electrical Oscillators or Wave Generators or Producers.)
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate
subclasses for processes and apparatus for producing chemical
changes through the agency of electrical wave energy; see
particularly subclasses 155+, 157.15+ and 164+ for the
processes, and subclasses 193+ for the corresponding
apparatus which may utilize electrical wave energy generators
or oscillators. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus Or
Systems.)
219, Electric Heating, appropriate subclasses, for electrical
heating systems or apparatus that may employ electrical
oscillators as elements thereof; subclasses 600+ for
inductive heating, subclasses 678+ for microwave heating, and
subclasses 764+ for capacitive dielectric heating,
(Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus Or Systems.)
246, Railway Switches and Signals, appropriate subclasses,
for railway switching and signaling systems; see particularly
subclasses 7+ for train dispatching telegraphy and
telephony systems, and subclass 30 for Hertzian wave
controlled automatic block signal systems, which systems may
employ electrical oscillators. (Oscillator Combined With
Other Apparatus Or Systems.)
290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, appropriate subclasses, for
prime mover driven dynamo systems, wherein the prime mover is
other than an electric motor and wherein the dynamo may be an
alternating current generator. (Electrical Oscillators or
Wave Generators or Producers Classified Elsewhere, above.)
307, Electrical Transmission of Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 106+ for class appropriate waveform or wave
shape determinative or pulse producing systems (usually of
the delay line type) to produce periodic pulses of
predetermined wave shape in the output of the network;
subclass 132 provides for free-running electromagnetic
circuit maker and breaker-type pulse producers. (Electrical
Oscillators or Wave Generators or Producers.)
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate
subclasses, for the structure of alternating current
generators for converting mechanical energy into electrical
energy; subclasses 300+ provides for nondynamoelectric
generators (or motors) while subclasses 10+ provides for
dynamoelectric machines, subclasses 40+ provides for rotary
machines, indented subclass 159 provides for alternating
current generators and indented subclasses 169+, in
particular, provides for high frequency inductor generators
of the variable reluctance type (e.g., Alexanderson
alternator). (Electrical Oscillators or Wave Generators or
Producers)
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
appropriate subclasses, for oscillator systems similar to
those classified in this class (331), but wherein no means
for deriving a useful output from the system is claimed. See
particularly subclasses 3+ for cathode-ray tube circuits
including a cathode-ray tube combined with circuit element
structure, indented subclasses 3.5+ provides for traveling
wave tubes, and indented subclasses 4+ provides for cathode
ray tubes including distributed parameter resonant devices
(e.g., cavity resonators); subclasses 39+ provides for
discharge devices in general with distributed parameter
elements (e.g., wave guides, coaxial lines, which devices
usually are resonators); subclasses 227+ provides for gaseous
space discharge device systems with capacitor in the supply
circuit, many of these systems being self-sustaining
oscillators. (Electrical Oscillators or Wave Generators or
Producers)
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
appropriate subclasses, provides for systems for supplying
electrical energy to cathode-ray tubes, electric lamp, diode
or gaseous space discharge devices, which systems may be
self-oscillatory or wherein the source of supply for the
devices may be an electrical oscillator; in particular,
subclasses 364+ provides for cathode-ray tube deflecting
systems which may utilize an electrical oscillator as a sweep
or deflection source, subclass 97 provides for pulsating or
A.C. supply for the cathode or heater of plural load device
systems and subclass 105 provides for pulsating or A.C.
supply for the cathode or heater of a single load device,
subclasses 137+ provides for polyphase A.C. supply,
subclasses 160+ provides for plural power supplies which may
be pulsating or A.C., and subclasses 246+ provides for
pulsating or A.C. supply systems in general.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 130 for
reciprocating motor systems wherein the energizing winding
circuit of the motor is supplied by an electrical oscillator,
and subclass 341 for electric motor control systems wherein
the motor armature or primary circuit is supplied by an
adjustable frequency or impulse generator or oscillator to
control or vary the motor speed. (Oscillator Combined With
Other Apparatus Or Systems.)
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, appropriate
subclasses, for apparatus for converting nonelectric energy
directly into electrical energy, which may be alternating
current. Except for subclass 2, which provides for
nonmagnetic type generator systems (e.g., thermoelectric,
photoelectric, piezoelectric, electrostatic generators,
etc.), and subclass 3, which provides for reciprocating or
oscillating type generators, the remaining subclasses
comprise mainly patents directed to rotating dynamoelectric
machine generator systems. (Electrical Oscillators or Wave
Generators or Producers Classified Elsewhere, above.)
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
particularly subclass 282 and 351 for intermittently
operated final control devices.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclasses, for electrical measuring and testing systems and
apparatus which may employ electrical oscillators. For
example, subclasses 307+ provides for nuclear induction
testing systems utilizing adjustable frequency oscillators to
determine nuclear resonance characteristics of material under
test. Also, electrical oscillators may be employed in the
following testing and measuring subclasses of Class 324;
subclass 56 for piezoelectric crystal testing, subclasses 57+
for impedance and admittance measuring systems, subclasses
76.41+ for heterodyne type frequency measuring systems,
subclass 85 for phase comparison systems utilizing frequency
conversion, and subclass 118 for electricity measuring
systems utilizing modulator-demodulator means. (Oscillator
Combined With Other Apparatus Or Systems.)
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 291+ for miscellaneous
clock or pulse waveform generation which is not free running.
(Electrical Oscillators or Wave Generators or Producers
Classified Elsewhere, above.)
329, Demodulators, subclass 302, 306+, 323+, 346, and 358+
for diverse types of demodulator with oscillators.
(Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus Or Systems.)
330, Amplifiers, subclass 10 for linear active element
amplifiers of the modulator-demodulator type utilizing an
oscillator. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus Or
Systems.)
332, Modulators, appropriate subclasses, for electrical
oscillators provided with means for varying some
characteristic of the generated wave (e.g., amplitude,
frequency or phase of a sine wave or pulse repetition rate,
position, amplitude, width or slope of a repetitious pulse)
in accordance with an intelligence which continually varies
in an arbitrary manner. (Oscillator Combined With Other
Apparatus Or Systems.)
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 19 for
electric wave differentiating or integrating systems of the
passive type; subclass 20 for passive type electric wave
shaping networks, and subclasses 219+ for resonators, per se,
of the distributed parameter type. (Electrical Oscillators
or Wave Generators or Producers Classified Elsewhere,
above.)
334, Tuners, appropriate subclasses for tuned networks for
use in wave energy apparatus and comprising inductance and
capacitance elements in circuit arrangement to form a
resonant circuit and in which structure is provided for
adjusting one or both of these elements for changing the mean
resonant frequency of the circuit.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, subclasses 87+ for the structure of
electromagnetically operated switches of the periodic type.
(Electrical Oscillators or Wave Generators or Producers
Classified Elsewhere, above.)
337, Electricity: Electrothermally or Thermally Actuated
Switches, subclass 51, 92+ and 301+ for particular types of
thermally controlled periodically operated switches.
(Electrical Oscillators or Wave Generators or Producers
Classified Elsewhere, above.)
340, Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses, for
electric signaling systems that may employ electrical
oscillators; for example, subclasses 203+ provides for
oscillators of the pulse modulated or modulating type in a
telemetering system; similarly, subclasses 207+ provides for
phase or frequency modulated oscillators, subclass 209
provides for amplitude modulated oscillators in a
telemetering system, and subclasses 345+ provides for code
transmitters which may employ oscillators; and subclasses
825.69 and 825.72 for a control signal used for control
purposes. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus Or
Systems.)
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, appropriate
subclasses, for electrical apparatus or systems directed to
the generation, control and radiation or reception of wave
energy propagated through free space, which apparatus or
systems may employ electrical oscillators; for example,
subclasses 5+ provides for reflected or returned wave
systems (object detection, radar), subclasses 100+ provides
for directive systems. (Oscillator Combined With Other
Apparatus Or Systems.)
348, Television, subclasses 536+ and 735 for television
systems that may include electrical oscillators. (Oscillator
Combined With Other Apparatus Or Systems.)
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
203, for relay systems using an electrical oscillator
(Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus Or Systems.)
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses
268+ for the structure of so-called spark, induction or
ignition coils having integral vibratory circuit
interrupters, usually in the primary winding circuit and
indented subclasses 270+ wherein a capacitor is included.
(Electrical Oscillators or Wave Generators or Producers.)
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
appropriate subclasses for systems or apparatus that may
employ electrical oscillators; particularly, subclass 203
which provides for the combination of an oscillator and
electromagnet load and electrical oscillator controlled relay
systems. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus Or
Systems.)
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, appropriate
subclasses for wave generating or producing systems analogous
to those classified in Class 331. Some of the systems for
converting direct current to alternating current (e.g.,
derectifiers, inverters) in Class 363 are indistinguishable
from the oscillators in Class 331. The distinction appears
to be one of degree, that is, the inverters classified in
Class 363 usually are designed to convert direct current
power to alternating current power at commercial power
frequency (e.g., 25, 50, or 60 cycles per second). See
subclasses 1+ for combined conversion systems, subclasses
9+ for phase and frequency conversion, and subclasses 15+ and
34+ for plural current conversion systems (e.g.,
D.C.-A.C.-D.C., and A.C.-D.C.-A.C.); subclasses 13+ for
current conversion systems (rectification, derectification),
subclasses 102+ for dynamoelectric machine converters,
subclasses 111+ for electronic tube converters, subclasses
123+ for semiconductor-type converters, subclass 140 for
impedance-type converters, subclasses 106+ for circuit
interrupter-type converters, and subclasses 157+ for
frequency converting systems wherein input alternating
current of one frequency is converted into output alternating
current without intermediate conversion to direct current.
(Electrical Oscillators or Wave Generators or Producers
Classified Elsewhere)
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclasses 1+ for
cascaded or combined diverse conversion, subclasses 13+ for
current conversion systems, subclasses 148+ for phase
conversion, and subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion
systems. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus Or
Systems.)
370, Multiplex Communications, appropriate subclasses for
oscillators used with multiplexing.
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, appropriate
subclasses, for electric furnaces that may employ an
oscillator for supplying or controlling the electric current
for the furnaces, see particularly subclasses 138+ for
induction furnaces that may utilize an oscillator to supply
the furnace charge melting inductor. (Oscillator Combined
With Other Apparatus Or Systems.)
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclasses 354+ for
pulse communications synchronization. (Oscillator Combined
With Other Apparatus Or Systems.)
455, Telecommunications, subclasses 91+ for transmitters
using electrical oscillators; subclasses 130+ for receivers
using electrical oscillators; subclasses 145+ for local
oscillators in panoramic receivers; subclass 196 for local
oscillator tuning in radio receivers; subclasses 208+ for
local oscillator control in frequency modulation receivers;
subclasses 255+ for local oscillator control in radio
receiver automatic frequency control; and subclasses 313+ for
local oscillators insuperhetrodyne receivers. (Oscillator
Combined With Other Apparatus Or Systems.)
505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, subclasses 150+ for high temperature
(T[subscrpt]c[end subscrpt] 30 K) superconducting devices;
and particularly subclass 204 for oscillators or subclass 180
for masers made with high temperature superconducting
material. (Electrical Oscillators or Wave Generators or
Producers Classified Elsewhere, above.)
505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process,
subclasses 150+ for high temperature (T[subscrpt]c[end
subscrpt] 30 K) superconducting systems that may contain
oscillators; particularly subclass 204 for oscillators, or
subclass 180 for masers made with high temperature
superconducting material. (Oscillator Combined With Other
Apparatus Or Systems.)
607, Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application,
subclasses 72+ for oscillator systems combined with or
forming a part of a therapeutic device. (Oscillator Combined
With Other Apparatus Or Systems.)
GLOSSARY:
ACTIVE ELEMENT
A control device for exerting a control on a source of energy
proportional to an applied control signal. A conventional
triode, having cathode, control grid on anode, connected as a
conventional amplifier, is an example of an active network, a
control potential applied to the grid causing a flow of anode
current, supplied by the anode biasing source, proportional
to the magnitude of the control potential.
AMPLITUDE STABILIZATION
The correction for, prevention of, or compensation for an
undesired change in amplitude of the generated waves of the
oscillator from a desired value.
AUTOMATIC FREQUENCY STABILIZATION
The restoration of the generated frequency of the oscillator
to a desired value by sensing the deviation in frequency, in
direction and amount, from the desired value and instituting
a corrective action proportional to sensed deviation to
adjust the frequency determining element of the oscillator in
such direction and amount so as to return the oscillator
frequency to the desired value.
BEAM TUBE
An active element comprising a source of charged particles,
means for concentrating the particles into a directed beam,
means for exerting a control on the beam (e.g., beam
accelerating electrode, control grid, deflecting means, slow
wave structure, buncher type resonator, reflector electrode,
etc.) and means for deriving output energy from the
controlled beam.
BEAT FREQUENCY
The resulting difference (or sum) frequency wave, among other
waves, produced when two waves of different frequencies are
combined in a nonlinear device.
DISTRIBUTED PARAMETER RESONATOR
A resonator of the distributed network type, the capacitance,
inductance and resistance of which cannot be isolated into
separate lumped capacitors, inductors or resistors and
wherein the time factor of propagation of wave energy in the
network is appreciable.
ELECTRICAL NOISE OR RANDOM WAVE GENERATOR
A wave generator system wherein the frequency determining
element consists of a material medium including electrically
charged, chargeable or ionizable particles, the application
of electrical energy to the medium by the driving means
causing random translatory motion of the charged or ionizable
particles resulting in the generation of an infinite number
of waves of different frequencies which are fortuitously
related, having no definite phase relationship, period,
amplitude or shape.
ELECTROMECHANICAL RESONATOR
A resonator comprising an electrically driven material body
wherein the mass and compliance parameters of the body
determine the mechanical period of vibration of the body and
wherein the driving electrical circuit for the body exhibits
electrical resonance characteristics which are determined by
the mechanical period of vibration of the body.
FREE RUNNING OSCILLATOR
An oscillator wherein the driving system continuously
supplies the losses of the frequency determining means so as
to produce sustained oscillations.
FREQUENCY ADJUSTING MEANS
Means for setting or controlling the generated frequency of
the oscillator by varying a frequency determining element of
the oscillator.
FREQUENCY DETERMINING ELEMENT
A passive network or device of the resonant or time constant
type, which network or device forms the element of the
oscillator which sets or determines the frequency or
periodicity of the generated oscillations.
FREQUENCY STABILIZATION
The correction for, prevention of, or compensation for an
undesired drift or change in the frequency of the generated
waves of the oscillator from a desired value.
GASEOUS SPACE DISCHARGE DEVICE
A space discharge device having at least two electrodes in a
gaseous or vapor medium, conduction between the electrodes
taking place by ionization of the medium.
HARMONIC OR SINE WAVE OSCILLATOR
A free running oscillator for generating sinusoidal or nearly
sinusoidal waves. They usually utilize a resonator of the
lumped LC or the distributed parameter type as the frequency
determining element.
HETERODYNE FREQUENCY
Beat frequency (which see).
KLYSTRON
A beam tube including at least two apertured cavity
resonators, the beam of charged particles passing through the
apertures of the resonators in succession, and a collector
electrode being provided to intercept the beam after passing
through the resonators. The first resonator causes bunching
of the particles passing therethrough, the bunched particles
then travel in a field-free region where further bunching
occurs and then the bunched particles enter the second
resonator giving up their energy to excite it into
oscillations.
LC RESONATOR
A resonant circuit comprising separate inductance and
capacitance elements, i.e., lumped inductor and capacitor
elements.
MAGNETICALLY CONTROLLED SPACE DISCHARGE DEVICE
An active element comprising means for producing a space
discharge of charged particles and having further means for
subjecting the space discharge to the direct control of a
magnetic field and an electric field.
MAGNETRON
A magnetically controlled space discharge device comprising a
linear cathode, an anode, usually cylindrical, coaxial
therewith, the magnetic field being parallel to longitudinal
axis of the cathode, while the electric field is transverse
thereto.
MOLECULAR OR PARTICLE RESONANT OSCILLATOR
An oscillator wherein the frequency determining element
consists of a material medium comprising particles, molecules
or atoms, the application of electrical energy by the driving
means to the medium setting the particles, molecules or atoms
into a state of vibration or oscillation, the vibration or
oscillation being that of the particle, molecule or atom
itself and not the vibration or oscillation caused by the
translational motion of the particle, molecule or atom as a
whole.
MOLECULAR RESONATOR
A resonator comprising a material medium and wherein the
vibration or oscillation of the molecules of the medium
determines the resonant frequency of the resonator. The
vibration or oscillation is of the molecule itself and not
that due to the translational motion of the molecule as a
whole. See, also, above, the definition of a molecular or
particle resonant oscillator.
NEGATIVE RESISTANCE OR NEGATIVE TRANSCONDUCTANCE DEVICE
An active element of the two terminal type having a
volt-ampere characteristic with negative slope over the range
of voltages or currents wherein it is operative, that is, an
increase in voltage results in a decrease in current, or vice
versa.
OSCILLATOR
A system for initiating and maintaining oscillations whose
frequency or period is fixed or determined by the physical
parameters of the system. The fundamental elements required
by an oscillator system are: (1) a frequency or period
determining element, such as a resonator or timing means, (2)
a driving system for the frequency or period determining
element, and (3) means for deriving a useful output from the
oscillator system. This class is restricted to oscillators
for generating electrical oscillations or waves and
specifically excludes alternating current generators of the
mechanically driven dynamo-electric machine type.
RC OR RL FREQUENCY DETERMINING NETWORK
A network of the nonresonant type comprising either resistive
and capacitive or resistive and inductive components. The
network, by way of example, may be employed: (1) as a
frequency determining phase shift network in a sine wave
oscillator of the phase shift type, (2) as a frequency
determining bridge network in sine wave bridge oscillators,
such as the Wien bridge type of the double-T type or (3) as a
time constant network in a relaxation oscillator to determine
the period of the generated relaxation oscillations.
REFLEX KLYSTRON
A klystron utilizing only a single apertured cavity resonator
through which the beam of charged particles passes in one
direction, a repeller electrode being provided to repel or
redirect the beam after passage through the resonator back
through the resonator in the other direction and in proper
phase to reinforce the oscillations set up in the resonator.
RELAXATION OSCILLATOR
A free running oscillator for generating decidedly non
sinusoidal waves. They usually utilize a time constant
network of the RC or RL type as the frequency determining
element.
RESONATOR OR RESONANT CIRCUIT
A frequency determining means comprised of substantially pure
reactances of opposite signs (i.e., mass and compliance in a
mechanical resonator or inductive and capacitive reactance in
an electrical resonator) wherein the phenomenon of resonance
(i.e., when the positive and negative reactances are equal)
is relied upon to determine the frequency of the generated
waves.
RETARDING FIELD TUBE
A tube having at least three electrodes, i.e., a source of
electrons (cathode), control electrode (grid) and anode or
plate electrode, the control electrode being biased
positively with respect to the other electrodes. The
electrode bias potentials are so chosen that the electrons
attracted from the cathode by the positive grid pass through
the grid and are slowed down by the repelling effect of the
less positive (or negative) anode field and are returned back
to or through the grid. This phenomenon is repeated again
and again so that a cloud of electrons are caused to sweep
back and forth through the grip, giving up energy to the grid
at a frequency which is a function of the transit time of the
cloud of electrons. The Barkhausen Kurz, Gill-Morrell and the
reflex klystron are examples of oscillators utilizing a
retarding field tube.
SEMICONDUCTOR ACTIVE ELEMENT
A solid state active element comprised of a solid material
having a conductivity intermediate that of a good insulator
and a good conductor.
SHOCK EXCITED RESONATOR OSCILLATOR
An oscillator of the nonself-sustaining type wherein the
driving system applies an electrical impulse to the frequency
determining element (i.e., resonator), which element is then
permitted to oscillate freely at its natural frequency.
SOLID STATE ACTIVE ELEMENT
A two-terminal or fourterminal active element of electrically
conductive, semi-conductive, ferromagnetic or ferroelectric
material in the solid state. Examples are: The Hall effect
plate, semi-conductor (transistor), magnetic type and
dielectric type amplifiers or negative resistance devices.
SPACE DISCHARGE DEVICE
A device comprising at least two spaced electrodes and
wherein conduction by charged particles, e.g., electrons, or
ions, takes place between the electrodes.
STABILIZATION
The maintenance of a desired condition or state of the
oscillator which condition or state may be subject to
change.
TRANSISTOR
A semi-conductive active element having at least three
electrodes so arranged that the application of electrical
energy to one electrode controls the flow of current between
two other electrodes.
TRANSIT TIME OSCILLATOR
An oscillator system wherein the time of flight or transit
angle of charged particles between electrodes of a space
discharge device is an appreciable part of the cycle of the
generated oscillations, the energy derived from the moving
particles being continuously supplied to the frequency
determining network of the oscillator in proper phase to
sustain oscillations. Transit time effects are utilized in
magnetron, beam tube and retarding field type oscillators.
TUBE
An active element of the space discharge device type. See:
active element; space discharge device.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the oscillator has means to adjust its
generated frequency and is also provided with a control
circuit or loop for controlling the oscillator frequency
adjusting means in response to deviation of the generated
frequency of the oscillator from a desired frequency or range
of frequencies in such direction and amount as to restore the
oscillator frequency to the desired frequency or range of
frequencies. The control circuit or loop includes: (1)
discriminator means for sensing the deviation of the
generated frequency of the oscillator in direction and amount
and for producing control energy proportional to such
deviation, and (2) means responsive to the control energy and
coupled to frequency adjusting means of the oscillator to
vary the frequency adjusting means in such direction and
amount as to restore the generated frequency of the
oscillator to the desired frequency or range of frequencies.
(1) Note. The automatic frequency stabilizing systems
defined above are to be distinguished from the frequency
stabilizing systems classified lower in the schedule (see the
search notes below) by the fact that the A.F.S. systems rely
on sensing a drift in frequency of the generated oscillations
and asserting a corrective control to adjust a frequency
determining element of the oscillator in the proper sense to
bring it back on frequency, whereas the frequency stabilizing
systems classified elsewhere do not sense a drift of
frequency and retune the oscillator as a function of such
drift, but rely on adding means to the oscillator system to
correct or compensate, or to prevent, changes in oscillator
circuit parameters that tend to cause an undesired change in
oscillator frequency. Such means may, for example,
compensate for the affects of changes in humidity,
temperature, current load impedance, tube impedance,
electrode bias potential, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 for beat frequency oscillators with frequency stabilizing
means. See also, (1) Note, above.
88 for magnetron type oscillators with frequency stabilizing
means. See, also, (1) Note, above.
subclasses 175+ for oscillators in general with frequency
stabilizing means. See, also (1) Note, above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 32 for
dynamoelectric generator systems with frequency responsive
devices or networks for automatically maintaining the
frequency of the generated wave constant.
329, Demodulators, subclasses 315+ for frequency
demodulators and subclasses 345+ for phase demodulators.
332, Modulators, subclasses 123+ for average condition
control in frequency modulator distortion prevention and
subclasses 155+ and 159+ for average condition control in an
amplitude modulator.
334, Tuners, subclass 13 for a tuner having a saturable core
element combined with means to automatically center the
frequency of the circuit; subclass 16 for a tuner having a
reactance tuning means combined with automatic frequency
centering means, and subclasses 26+ for tuners having an
electromagnetic operator combined with automatic frequency
centering means.
348, Television, subclasses 536+ for synchronizing systems
which may utilize oscillators of the automatic frequency
stabilized type and subclass 735 for television tuners which
may utilize oscillators of the automatic frequency stabilized
type.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclasses 354+ for
synchronizing systems which may use oscillators of the
automatic frequency stabilized type.
455, Telecommunications, subclasses 91+ for radio
transmitters using oscillators of the automatic frequency
stabilized type; and subclasses 130+ for receivers using
oscillators of the automatic frequency stabilized type.
Subclass:
2
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein the generated frequency of two or more oscillators is
automatically stabilized. The oscillators may have A.F.S.
loops individual to each oscillator or a single A.F.S. loop
may control two or more oscillators, or any combination of
A.F.S. loops may be employed, provided the generated
frequency of two or more oscillators is automatically
stabilized.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 46+ for plural oscillator systems in general.
Subclass:
3
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein the frequency discriminator or sensing means is of
the molecular or atomic resonance type, comprising a medium,
which may be solid, liquid or gaseous, the frequency
selective properties of which are due to the vibration or
oscillation of the individual molecule or atom itself and are
not due to the translational motion of the molecule or atom
as a whole.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for A.F.S. systems utilizing a distributed parameter type
discriminator.
subclasses 25+ for A.F.S. systems utilizing a signal or
phase comparing type discriminator having at least two inputs
for the signals (of the controlled oscillator and reference
source) to be compared.
subclasses 32+ for A.F.S. systems having a single input
type discriminator.
78 for electrical noise or random wave generators wherein
the translatory motions of charged or excited particles or
molecules are utilized to generate oscillations.
94.1 for oscillators of the molecular or particle resonant
type (e.g., maser) wherein a molecular or particle resonant
solid, liquid or gas comprises the active element of the
oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 251 for devices for producing
and propagating a unidirectional stream of neutral molecules
or atoms through a vacuum, usually at thermal velocity and
including means to excite the molecules or atoms at a
resonant frequency.
Subclass:
4
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein means are provided, in addition to the A.F.S. loop,
for varying the oscillator frequency through a range of
frequencies. The systems classified herein are chiefly
directed to means for restoring A.F.S. control wherein such
control is lost due to the fact that the oscillator frequency
for some reason, such as during "warm-up" or some other
disturbance, lies outside the "capture" range of the
frequency discriminator, the sweep range of frequencies
includes the "capture" range of the discriminator and serves
to bring the oscillator frequency within the "capture" range
and thereby render the A.F.S. effective.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 23+ for oscillators wherein low frequency
modulation of the generated oscillations is utilized for
A.F.S., signals representative of the frequency modulated
oscillations being compared with signals of the modulating
source.
106 for oscillator systems of the periodic amplitude and
frequency varying type.
178 for oscillators in general provided with cyclic
frequency sweeping means.
Subclass:
5
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein the oscillator provided with A.F.S. is of the
magnetic and electric field controlled space discharge device
type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 86+ for magnetron type oscillators in general,
particularly subclass 88, for such oscillators provided with
frequency stabilization means of the nonautomatic type.
Subclass:
6
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein the oscillator provided with A.F.S. is of the beam
tube type utilizing hollow resonator electron bunching or
electron bunching and catching means for determining the
generated frequency of the oscillator. Such oscillators are
generally designated as klystron oscillators.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
83 for multi-cavity type klystron oscillators.
84 for reflex type klystron oscillators.
Subclass:
7
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter
wherein the oscillator is provided with two or more
oscillator frequency controls as part of the A.F.S. system.
For example, the A.F.S. system for a reflex klystron
oscillator may (1) control a motor to tune the cavity for
coarse tuning and at the same time (2) supply a bias voltage
to the reflector electrode for fine tuning of the
oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 10+ for single oscillators provided with two or
more A.F.S. controls.
Subclass:
8
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein the A.F.S. circuit of the oscillator includes
semiconductor means, such as transistors.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 107+ for oscillators wherein the active element
is of the solid state type and indented subclasses 108+
wherein the active element is of the transistor type.
Subclass:
9
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein the A.F.S. control circuit of the oscillator is
provided with a frequency sensing means of the distributed
parameter type (e.g., cavity resonator).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for A.F.S. systems utilizing a molecular resonance type
discriminator.
subclasses 25+ for A.F.S. systems wherein the discriminator
is of the signal or phase comparing type having at least two
inputs for the signals (of the controlled oscillator and
reference source) to be compared.
subclasses 32+ for A.F.S. systems having a single input
type discriminator.
Subclass:
10
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein oscillator is provided with two or more A.F.S. means,
each having a different effect in tuning the oscillator. For
example, one A.F.S. means may provide a coarse tuning control
and another A.F.S. means may effect a fine tuning control of
the oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for plural oscillators involving plural A.F.S. control
loops.
7 for klystron oscillators provided with two or more
oscillator frequency controls as part of the A.F.S. systems.
Subclass:
11
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter
wherein the oscillator system is provided with two or more
comparators or discriminators, each of which may be
associated with a separate A.F.S. control. By way of
examples (1) one discriminator may have a broad band
frequency response characteristic and another discriminator
may have a narrow band frequency response characteristic or
(2) one discriminator may be of the frequency sensitive type,
while another discriminator may be of the phase sensitive
type.
Subclass:
12
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter
wherein at least two comparators are so arranged that the
outputs of the controlled oscillator and a reference
oscillator are directly compared in one comparator and the
output of the controlled oscillator is phase-shifted and then
compared with the reference oscillator in a second
comparator, the outputs of the comparators then being
combined in a control circuit to effect tuning of the
controlled oscillator.
Subclass:
13
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the A.F.S. controls includes an
electric motor for electromechanically adjusting a tuning
reactance of the oscillator. Usually the motor control is
utilized for coarse tuning while another A.F.S. control of
the electronic type (e.g., including a reactance tube) is
utilized for fine tuning of the oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24 for oscillators wherein low frequency modulation of the
generated oscillations is utilized for A.F.S. and wherein the
signal comparator is of the electric motor type.
29 for oscillators wherein an electromechanical signal
comparator is utilized in the A.F.S. loop.
35 for A.F.S. oscillators with electromechanically
controlled oscillator frequency adjusting means.
Subclass:
14
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein means are provided to open and close the A.F.S. loop
of the oscillator periodically. By way of example, a
periodically actuated switch may connect the input of the
comparator in the A.F.S. loop of an oscillator alternately to
the oscillator output and the reference oscillator output.
Subclass:
15
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein the A.F.S. loop circuit of the oscillator is provided
with means to limit the amplitude, or to maintain the
amplitude constant, or to correct or otherwise compensate for
undesired changes in amplitude of a control signal in the
loop circuit, or to disable the A.F.S. loop if the amplitude
of the control signal (e.g., reference oscillator signal) is
below a predetermined level (e.g., the level wherein noise
signals may adversely affect the oscillator A.F.S. and
thereby cause the generated frequency to be shifted outside
its proper range).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40 for beat frequency oscillators provided with amplitude
adjustment or control means.
109 for transistor oscillators provided with amplitude
stabilization or control means.
subclasses 182+ for oscillators in general with amplitude
control or stabilization.
Subclass:
16
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein the A.F.S. controlled oscillator includes means for
setting the frequency of the generated oscillations to any
selected frequency within a predetermined frequency range,
means being provided to interrupt or otherwise deactivate the
A.F.S. control loop of the controlled oscillator while
changing the generated frequency from one value to another so
as to prevent the A.F.S. loop from tending to hold the
oscillator frequency to its previously set value, that is,
the A.F.S. tends to drag.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
455, Telecommunications, subclasses 255+ for similar A.F.S.
systems utilized in radio receivers.
Subclass:
17
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein the A.F.S. loop of the oscillator is provided with
means to modify or control the error voltage so as to
compensate or correct for undesired changes in the error
voltage brought about by some deficiency in the oscillator
system, such as a drift in reference frequency, hunting due
to instability around the A.F.S. loop, undesired shift in
phase of side band frequencies, and so forth.
Subclass:
18
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein the A.F.S. circuit of the controlled oscillator
includes a source of constant frequency, which source serves
as a frequency standard, means being provided for comparing
the frequency of the oscillations generated by the controlled
oscillator with the standard frequency, the frequency
comparison means producing an electrical control or error
signal which is a measure of the deviation, in direction and
amount, of the controlled oscillator frequency from the
standard frequency, the control or error signal being applied
to the frequency adjustment means of the controlled
oscillator in such a manner as to reduce the frequency
difference between the generated oscillations of the
controlled oscillator and the oscillations of the constant
frequency source to a minimum.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
329, Demodulators, subclasses 323+ for a frequency
demodulator using an oscillator and subclass 346 for a phase
demodulator using an oscillator.
Subclass:
19
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
wherein the reference source is a spectrum generator
producing a plurality of waves of different frequencies,
which waves are simultaneously fed to the comparator or
discriminator of the A.F.S. circuit of the controlled
oscillator means being provided wherein the generated waves
of the controlled oscillator may be selectively locked-in to
the desired frequency of the spectrum.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include those systems
wherein a filter or harmonic selecting network is provided
for selecting a single frequency from the range of
frequencies of the spectrum source, the selected frequency
being fed to the comparator. Such systems are elsewhere in
subclasses 1+, depending on the type of oscillator or type of
A.F.S. control.
Subclass:
20
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
wherein the oscillator system is of the type peculiarly
adapted for use in television systems (e.g., vertical or
horizontal sweep generators), the reference source comprising
synchronizing pulses (usually of short duration) which pulses
are compared with signals representative of the generated
waves of the controlled oscillator in a phase comparison
means, the resulting control or error signal from the
comparison means being utilized to adjust the frequency of
the controlled oscillator to restore it to the desired
relationship with reference frequency.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 143+ for relaxation oscillators in general,
especially indented subclass 145, for multivibrators with
synchronizing, triggering or pulsing circuit, indented
subclass 149, for blocking oscillators with synchronizing,
triggering or pulsing circuit and indented subclass 153, for
relaxation oscillators in general with synchronizing,
triggering or pulsing circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclasses
1+ for cathode-ray tube circuits, especially indented
subclasses 378, 379+ and 391+ for cathode ray sweep circuits
which may utilize sweep generators with A.F.S. control
combined with significant cathode ray control means or
cathode-ray tube structure, e.g., deflecting plates,
deflecting coils, etc.
348, Television, subclasses 536+ for automatic frequency
stabilizing systems as an element of a more comprehensive
system, e.g., controlled oscillator combined with sync
separator.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclasses 354+ for
synchronizers in general.
Subclass:
21
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter
wherein means are provided to stabilize or lock the
controlled oscillator to the low frequency (e.g., 50, 60
C.P.S.) power current derived from a commercial alternating
current supply line.
Subclass:
22
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
wherein two or more frequency beating or heterodyning means,
or stages, are effectively connected in the A.F.S. loop of
the controlled oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31 for oscillators with plural heterodyne stages in the
A.F.S. loop, but wherein the discriminator is of the single
input type, i.e., no comparison of the oscillator frequency
with a reference frequency or source is made at the
discriminator.
subclasses 38+ for beat frequency oscillator systems
including plural beating or heterodyning means.
Subclass:
23
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
wherein means are provided to frequency modulate the
generated oscillations of the controlled oscillator by a low
frequency reference source, signals representative of the
modulated signal being compared with signals from the low
frequency reference source in a signal comparator, the error
signal from the output of the comparator being utilized to
restore the generated frequency of the oscillator to the
desired relationship with the reference frequency.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for A.F.S. oscillators wherein the frequency of the
oscillator is swept over a range of frequencies so as to
bring the generated frequency within the "capture" range of
the discriminator.
Subclass:
24
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter
wherein the signal comparator comprises a polyphase motor
(usually of the two phase or split-phase type) having at
least two phase windings, the signal representative of the
low frequency modulated oscillations of the controlled
oscillator being applied to one phase winding and the signal
representative of the low frequency source being applied to
another phase winding of the motor, the rotor of the motor is
mechanically coupled to the frequency adjusting means of the
oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13 for a single oscillator with plural A.F.S. means wherein
at least one of the A.F.S. means includes an electric motor
for adjusting an oscillator frequency control means.
29 for A.F.S. oscillators with electromechanical signal
comparator means.
35 for A.F.S. oscillators with electromechanical controlled
oscillator frequency adjusting means.
Subclass:
25
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
wherein a particular or significant signal or phase comparing
network is utilized in the A.F.S. loop of the controlled
oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for single oscillator with plural A.F.S. means and
including plural comparators.
32 for A.F.S. systems wherein the discriminator is of the
single input type and wherein no signal comparison is made.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 76.52 for
systems for measuring the frequency of a cyclic current or
voltage by phase comparison with a standard cyclic current or
voltage, and subclasses 76.77+ for systems for measuring
electricity utilizing phase comparison means (e.g., phase
comparison between cyclic pulse voltage and sinusoidal
current).
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 2+ for miscellaneous
phase comparison circuits and subclasses 39+ for
miscellaneous frequency comparing circuits.
329, Demodulators, subclasses 315+ for frequency
demodulators and subclasses 345+ for phase demodulators.
Subclass:
26
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter
wherein the signal or phase comparator includes two or more
unilaterally conducting devices (e.g., diodes) as elements
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for oscillator systems utilizing a single input,
nonsignal comparing, discriminator of the plural diode type
in the A.F.S. control loop thereof.
Subclass:
27
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter
wherein the signal of phase comparator includes two or more
active elements (e.g., triodes) as elements thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 89 for
electric current or voltage measuring systems utilizing a
phase comparator, a grid-controlled tube means constituting
an element or elements thereof.
Subclass:
28
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter
wherein the signal or phase comparator includes a
unilaterally conducting element (e.g., diode, triode) as an
element thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclasses 87+
for electric current or voltage measuring systems utilizing
phase comparison means with nonlinear device (e.g.,
rectifier, grid controlled tube, etc.).
Subclass:
29
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter
wherein the signal or phase comparator is of the
electromechanical type (e.g., two-phase motor, the reference
source being applied to one phase winding and the controlled
oscillator output being applied to the other phase winding)
or a frequency comparing means of the synchroscope type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24 for A.F.S. controlled oscillators of the modulated
oscillator type (e.g., frequency modulation of controlled
oscillator) utilizing an electric motor comparator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 90 for
electric current and voltage measuring systems utilizing a
phase comparator of the electrodynamometer type, and subclass
91 for phase comparators of the synchroscope type.
Subclass:
30
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein the A.F.S. loop of the controlled oscillator
comprises (1) means for beating or heterodyning the generated
oscillations of the controlled oscillator with the
oscillations of the reference oscillator or source and (2) a
single input discriminator means responsive to the resulting
heterodyned oscillations, which discriminator produces an
output error or control signal proportional to the frequency
deviation of the controlled oscillator from that of the
reference source, the error signal being utilized to restore
the generated frequency of the controlled oscillator to the
desired relationship with the reference frequency.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 37+ for beat frequency oscillators, per se.
Subclass:
31
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter
wherein two or more beating or heterodyning means are
utilized in the A.F.S. loop of the controlled oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
22 for oscillators having plural heterodyne stages in the
A.F.S. loop, but wherein heterodyned oscillations of the
controlled oscillator and the reference source signal are
compared in a signal or phase comparator.
38 for beat frequency oscillator systems including plural
beating or heterodyning means.
Subclass:
32
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter
wherein a significant or particular single-input frequency
deviation detecting network or discriminator is utilized in
the A.F.S. loop of the controlled oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for A.F.S. systems utilizing a molecular resonance type
discriminator.
9 for A.F.S. systems utilizing a distributed parameter type
discriminator.
subclasses 25+ for A.F.S. systems wherein the discriminator
is of the signal or phase comparing type, having at least two
inputs for the signals (of the controlled oscillator and
reference source) to be compared.
Subclass:
33
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter
wherein the frequency deviation detecting network or
discriminator includes two or more unilaterally conducting
devices (e.g., diodes) as elements thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
26 for oscillator systems utilizing plural input signal or
phase comparators of the plural diode type in the A.F.S.
control loop thereof.
Subclass:
34
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein the controlled oscillator includes a significant or
particular means for controlling, adjusting or varying its
generated frequency as a function of the error signal from
the discriminator in the A.F.S. loop of the controlled
oscillator. The particular means may be (1) the adjustable
tuning element of the controlled oscillator (e.g., a passive
reactance or a reactance tube comprising an element of the
oscillator tank circuit), or (2) the means for adjusting the
tuning element of (1), (such as an electric motor drive
therefor), or (3) the combination of (1) and (2).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 177+ for oscillators in general with particular
frequency adjustment means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclasses 219+
for resonators of the distributed parameter type which may be
provided with frequency adjusting means.
334, Tuners, appropriate subclasses for tuners, per se. See
the reference to Class 334 under subclass 1 above.
Subclass:
35
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter
wherein the frequency control means includes an
electromechanical drive for the tuning or frequency adjusting
element of the controlled oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13 for a single oscillator with plural A.F.S. means and
wherein electric motor means controls or adjusts the
oscillator frequency determining means.
24 for A.F.S. controlled oscillators of the modulated
oscillator type (e.g., frequency modulation of the controlled
oscillator) utilizing an electric motor comparator.
29 for A.F.S. controlled oscillators having a signal or
phase comparator of electromechanical type.
Subclass:
36
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter
wherein the particular frequency control means comprises an
adjustable or variable reactance element or elements of the
frequency determining network of the controlled oscillator.
Examples of such elements are: reactance tubes, saturable
core inductors, adjustable capacitors or inductors, etc.
Subclass:
37
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter comprising a signal producing system including a
signal combining device (e.g., mixer, modulator) having
signal input circuit means and a signal output circuit, at
least two oscillators or a single oscillator simultaneously
generating plural frequencies being connected to the input
circuit means, the arrangement being such that the sum and/or
difference frequencies (usually the difference frequency) of
the oscillations generated by the respective oscillators or
of the plural frequency oscillator appears in the output
circuit of the signal combining means.
(1) Note. In addition to beat frequency oscillators the
beat frequency principle is made use of in other systems. In
general, beat frequency oscillators classified herein
comprise means for beating two nonarbitrary sources of
slightly different frequencies and of substantially equal
amplitudes, the proximate purpose of the system being to
produce a stable, high level, low frequency output wave (by
selecting the lower side band). Modulators classified in
Class 332 are directed to means for beating a source of
carrier frequency of high amplitude with a signal wave of low
amplitude, which signal wave varies arbitrarily in a
continuous manner in accordance with some intelligence (e.g.,
sound). Radio receiver mixers or converters classified in
Class 455, Telecommunications, are similar to the modulators
of Class 332 except that the modulating signal wave contains,
in addition to an arbitrary signal wave a large predictable
component (the incoming carrier wave).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for automatic frequency stabilized oscillators with a
spectrum frequency reference source involving beat frequency
generation in the stabilizing circuit.
22 for automatic frequency stabilized oscillators with
signal comparator and having plural heterodyne stages in the
stabilizing circuit.
subclasses 30+ for automatic frequency stabilized
oscillators with a stable heterodyne oscillator or source.
51 for frequency divider systems comprising plural
oscillators in cascade.
53 for frequency multiplier systems comprising plural
oscillators in cascade.
76 for oscillators combined with an output coupling network,
with space discharge device or unilaterally conductive device
therein, for harmonic producing or selecting.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 424 for nonoptical parametric amplifier frequency
converters, per se.
332, Modulators, see (1) Note above. Consult also the notes
and search notes appended to the class and subclass
definitions of Class 332 as to other fields of search for
beat frequency systems.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclasses 326+ for optical frequency translators.
455, Telecommunications, subclasses 130+ for radio
receivers using the beat frequency principle (in the form of
autodyne, homodyne, superheterodyne and other types of beat
reception), subclasses 313+ for radio receiver mixers or
converters. See (1) Note above.
Subclass:
38
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter
wherein the system includes at least two signal combining
means (i.e., mixers or modulators).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
22 for automatic frequency stabilized oscillators with
reference oscillator or source and including plural
heterodyne stages in the frequency control circuit.
31 for automatic frequency stabilized oscillators with
plural heterodyne stages in the frequency control circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
455, Telecommunications, subclasses 314+ for radio
receivers that may have plural heterodyning stages.
Subclass:
39
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
wherein the plural mixers or modulators are connected in
concatenation or cascade in a single channel, that is, the
output of one mixer is connected to the input of a succeeding
mixer, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for frequency divider systems comprising plural
oscillators connected in cascade.
53 for frequency multiplier systems comprising plural
oscillators connected in cascade.
Subclass:
40
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter
wherein (1) means are provided for changing the generated
frequency of at least one of the beating oscillators from one
frequency to another, usually over a range of frequencies,
the change may be by discrete steps or continuous over the
range, or (2) means are provided for changing the amplitude
of the generated oscillations of at least one of the beating
oscillators or for effecting a change in amplitude at some
other point in the system, e.g., in the mixer circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 1+ for oscillators which are automatically
maintained on frequency by retuning means when the frequency
drifts from the desired frequency, indented subclass 4 for
search sweep of the oscillator, indented subclass 15 for
amplitude compensated oscillator.
47 for plural oscillator systems wherein one oscillator
varies the amplitude or frequency of another oscillator.
48 for plural oscillator systems wherein at least one
oscillator has frequency adjusting means.
90 for magnetron type oscillators with frequency adjusting
means.
109 for transistor oscillators with amplitude control.
subclasses 177+ for oscillators in general with frequency
adjusting means.
subclasses 182+ for oscillators in general with amplitude
adjusting means.
Subclass:
41
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter
wherein means are provided to prevent or compensate for an
undesired drift in output frequency of the system. Such
drift in frequency may be caused by (1) a change in a circuit
parameter (due to ambient temperature variations or to the
heating affects of currents in the circuit), (2) changes in
active element characteristics, (3) changes in active element
electrode potentials, (4) variations in load impedance, (5)
undesired pull-in of one oscillator with respect to another
oscillator of the system, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 1+ for oscillators of the automatic frequency
stabilized type.
88 for magnetron type oscillators with means to stabilize
the frequency.
subclasses 175+ for oscillators in general provided with
frequency stabilizing means.
Subclass:
42
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter
wherein the signal combining means is of a particular type,
such as the high frequency type (e.g., cavity mixer) or a
tuned circuit between oscillator and mixer which circuit may
include frequency dividers or multipliers.
Subclass:
43
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter
wherein a wave filter is included in the mixer output
circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77 for oscillators with a wave filter connected in the
output circuit.
Subclass:
44
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter (1) wherein means are provided to adjust the frequency
setting means of the oscillator to make its frequency of
oscillation correspond to the frequency (or fundamental,
harmonic or sub-harmonic) of a source of standard frequencies
or (2) means are provided wherein the frequency of the
oscillations generated by the oscillator is compared with the
frequency of the oscillations of a source of standard
frequencies and the tuning position indicator or dial of the
oscillator is graduated or marked in accordance with the
results of the comparison with the known frequency setting or
settings of the source of standard frequencies or (3) wherein
means are provided to determine a performance characteristic,
or characteristics, of the oscillator under prescribed
conditions of operation (e.g., test under particular duty
cycle, test under various load conditions, test purity of
generated wave form, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for oscillators with indicator, signal, or alarm in
general and wherein frequency calibration of the oscillator
with respect to a source of standard frequency or test of
some other characteristic of the oscillator are not
involved.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 250 for radio or microwave
absorption wavemeters for determining the frequency or
wavelength of a radio or microwave.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclasses 20+
for systems for testing lamps and space discharge devices in
general, particularly subclasses 24+ for testing the
discharge characteristics of space discharge devices (e.g.,
such as triodes and pentodes), subclasses 57+ for measuring
or testing electrical apparatus wherein no details of the
apparatus are claimed, subclasses 76.12+ for systems to
analyze complex electrical waves, and subclasses 76.39+ for
systems for measuring the frequency of cyclic current or
voltage.
Subclass:
45
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the oscillator system is provided with at
least two output circuit, each output producing a separate
wave of the same frequency, the waves being displaced in
phase by a fixed angle (other than phase coincidence or phase
opposition) so as to produce a multiphase or polyphase set of
currents or voltages.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 50+ for plural oscillators connected in cascade
wherein separate outputs may be taken from successive
oscillators.
57 for ring oscillators comprising three or more switching
tubes in closed ring connection.
60 for single oscillator systems provided with plural
separate outputs.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 13+ for polyphase systems in general.
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclasses 1+ for
cascaded or combined diverse conversion which may include
conversion from one number of phases to another number of
phases, and subclasses 148+ for phase conversion systems, per
se.
Subclass:
46
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter comprising an electrical system including at least two
significant oscillators.
(1) Note. If only one oscillator is significantly claimed
and the other oscillator or oscillators are merely recited by
name only without any oscillator circuit detail being
claimed, classification is elsewhere in this class in
accordance with the nature of system or of the significant
oscillator claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 1+ for oscillator systems with automatic
frequency stabilization which may involve plural oscillators.
See especially subclasses: 2, wherein plural oscillators are
stabilized, 18+, wherein a reference oscillator or source is
utilized, 30+, for such systems combined with a stable
heterodyne oscillator. 37+, for plural oscillators utilized
to produce a beat frequency. 45, for polyphase output systems
that may utilize plural oscillators. 71, for oscillator
systems wherein raw A.C. is utilized as a source of power or
bias.
87 for magnetically controlled space discharge device
oscillator (e.g., magnetron) with particular pulsing means.
106 for oscillators with periodic amplitude or frequency
varying means (e.g., tremolo, vibrato).
145 for multivibrator oscillators with synchronizing,
triggering or pulsing means.
149 for blocking oscillators with synchronizing, triggering
or pulsing means.
153 for relaxation oscillators in general with
synchronizing, triggering and pulsing means.
subclasses 172+ for oscillators in general with
synchronizing, triggering or pulsing means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
particularly subclasses 18+ for plural sources of
electrical energy in general associated with plural output
circuits and subclasses 43+ for plural sources of electrical
energy associated with a common output or load.
Subclass:
47
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter
wherein means are provided to enable energy from one
oscillator to modify or vary the amplitude or frequency of
the oscillations generated by another oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for automatic frequency stabilized oscillators wherein one
oscillator sweeps the generated frequency of a frequency
stabilized oscillator through a range of frequencies.
106 for oscillators with periodic or repetitious amplitude
or amplitude and frequency varying means.
178 for oscillators with cyclic frequency sweeping means.
Subclass:
48
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter
wherein at least one of a plurality of oscillators is
provided with means to change the generated frequency from
one value to another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 1+ for plural oscillators with automatic
frequency stabilization, and subclass 34+ for oscillators
with automatic frequency stabilization having particular
frequency control means.
40 for beat frequency oscillators with frequency adjusting
means.
90 for magnetron type oscillators with frequency adjustment
means.
106 for oscillators with periodic or repetitious frequency
varying means.
subclasses 177+ for oscillators in general provided with
frequency adjusting means.
Subclass:
49
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter
wherein means are provided for connecting one or more of two
or more oscillators at will to a common output circuit or
wherein means are provided for disconnecting one oscillator
from a load circuit and connecting another oscillator to the
load circuit, i.e., oscillator substitution.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 23 for systems for substituting a source in a
plural source-plural load circuit system, subclass 29 for
systems for selectively connecting plural sources to plural
load circuits, subclasses 64+ for systems for substituting a
source in a plural source-single load system, and subclass 80
for systems for selectively connecting a source or sources in
a plural source-single load system.
Subclass:
50
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter
wherein two or more oscillators are effectively connected in
concatenation, that is, the output circuit of one oscillator
is connected to the input circuit of a second oscillator so
that the first oscillator drives the second oscillator. The
second oscillator may drive a third oscillator, the third
oscillator a fourth oscillator, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 38+ for beat frequency oscillator systems
wherein plural beating stages are cascaded.
subclasses 45+ for polyphase output oscillators which may
utilize cascaded oscillators.
55 for plural oscillators wherein a periodic source, recited
broadly, synchronizes, triggers or pulses at least one of the
plural oscillators.
Subclass:
51
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Cascaded
oscillators wherein at least one succeeding oscillator
generates oscillations of a frequency that is subharmonically
related to the frequency of the oscillations generated by a
preceding oscillator of the cascade.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclasses 157+ for
frequency conversion systems in general, wherein an input
alternating current of one frequency is converted directly
into an output alternating current of a different frequency.
The output frequency may be either less or greater than this
input frequency.
Subclass:
52
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter
wherein the cascaded oscillators are of the semiconductor
active element type (e.g., transistor).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94.1 for molecular or particle resonant type oscillators
which may utilize a semiconductor element.
subclasses 107+ for oscillators of the solid state active
element type.
Subclass:
53
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Cascaded
oscillators wherein at least one succeeding oscillator
generates oscillations of a frequency that is harmonically
related to the frequency of the oscillations generated by a
preceding oscillator of the cascade.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76 for a single oscillator combined with an harmonic
producing or selecting network, which network includes a
space discharge or unilaterally conductive device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclasses 157+ for
frequency conversion systems in general, wherein an input
alternating current of one frequency is converted directly
into an alternating current of another frequency. The
output frequency may be either greater or less than the input
frequency.
Subclass:
54
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter
wherein at least two of the cascaded oscillators are of
different types, such as: Hartley and Colpitts oscillators,
relaxation and sine wave oscillators, multivibrator and
blocking oscillators, by way of examples.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
59 wherein a single oscillator system is provided with means
to convert it from one type of oscillator to a diverse type.
Subclass:
55
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter
wherein at least one of a plurality of oscillators is
provided with means for coupling the oscillator, or
oscillators, to a periodic source of synchronizing or
triggering potential to drive to lock the period of the
oscillator, or oscillators, to the period of the source or to
some multiple or submultiple thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 18+ for oscillators of the automatic frequency
stabilized type synchronized with respect to a standard or
reference frequency source.
41 for beat frequency oscillators that are locked to
synchronize with a standard or reference frequency.
subclasses 50+ for cascade or tandem connected
oscillators.
87 for magnetron type oscillators with means to pulse the
oscillator.
145 for multivibrators with synchronizing, triggering or
pulsing circuit.
149 for blocking oscillators with synchronizing, triggering
or pulsing circuits.
153 for relaxation oscillators in general with
synchronizing, triggering or pulsing means.
subclasses 172+ for oscillators in general with
synchronizing, triggering or pulsing means.
Subclass:
56
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter
wherein the output circuits of at least two oscillators are
effectively connected in parallel.
Subclass:
57
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the oscillator comprises three or more active
elements connected or cascade, the output of one active
element being connected to the input of another active
element to form a closed chain or loop, the active elements
being so connected and biased that they are caused to switch
from a conducting to a nonconducting state in succession,
cyclically, thereby generating self-sustained oscillations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for polyphase output oscillators which may be of the
closed-ring type.
subclasses 50+ for plural oscillators connected in
cascade.
113 for transistor oscillators of the multivibrator type
wherein two transistors are alternately switched.
subclasses 135+ for phase shift oscillators which may
comprise plural tubes in cascade in a closed loop, but
wherein a switching action of the tubes does not take place.
subclasses 144+ for multivibrator oscillators in general
wherein two tubes are alternately switched.
Subclass:
58
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the oscillator circuit is provided with means
for performing at least one other function in addition to the
generation of oscillations, which other function is
independent of and is intended to be performed concurrently
with the production of oscillations by the oscillator. An
example of the type of plural function system falling within
the foregoing definition is that of a vacuum tube circuit
that simultaneously acts as an amplifier of extraneous waves
of one frequency and as an oscillator with respect to waves
of a different frequency, there being no mutual interaction
between the two waves.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 37+ for beat frequency oscillators wherein a
single electron tube oscillator may act as a frequency
converter, the oscillations generated by the oscillator being
combined or mixed within the tube with externally supplied
oscillations to produce in the output of the tube a beat
frequency which is the algebraic sum or difference of the
generated and supplied oscillations.
59 for oscillator systems that may be selectively converted
from an oscillator to another type of electrical system, such
as an amplifier, or detector, or to another oscillator of a
different type.
subclasses 60+ for oscillators with plural output circuits,
especially indented subclass 61 wherein the plural outputs
are of diverse wave forms.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
330, Amplifiers, subclass 1, 82, 93, 101, 104, and 112 for
subject matter including plural function amplifiers which
also operate as oscillators simultaneously.
332, Modulators, appropriate subclasses, wherein a single
electron tube circuit may perform the dual function of
carrier frequency generation and modulation.
455, Telecommunications, subclasses 321+ for heterodyne
receiving systems utilizing a frequency converter system
wherein a single electron tube circuit may perform the dual
function of local oscillation generation and signal frequency
mixing.
Subclass:
59
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein means are provided for effecting a change in
oscillator circuit connections or for adding or substituting
circuit element thereto so that the system resulting from
such change or substitution is substantially different from
the original oscillator circuit.
(1) Note. Typical systems classifiable herein are
oscillators convertible to (1) amplifiers, (2) detectors, (3)
wave meters, (4) triggered multivibrator, or oscillators
convertible to another type of oscillator, for example, (5)
sine wave generator to square wave generator, (6) Colpitts
oscillator to Hartley oscillator, (7) Colpitts oscillator to
tuned feedback oscillator, and (8) fixed frequency crystal
oscillator to tunable LC oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for oscillator systems wherein the system simultaneously
performs some function in addition to generating oscillations
(e.g., amplifies an external signal or detects an external
signal).
161 for crystal oscillators wherein means are provided for
substituting one crystal for another in the oscillator
circuit.
179 for oscillators in general wherein the frequency of
oscillation is adjustable in discrete steps, e.g., by
switching in or substituting inductors and/or capacitors
having different fixed values of reactance.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
330, Amplifiers, subclass 1, 82, 93, 101, 104, and 112 for
subject matter including amplifiers convertible to
oscillators.
Subclass:
60
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the oscillator network includes at least two
separate and distinct output circuits.
(1) Note. Push-pull output type oscillators for supplying a
balance push-pull load are classified with the particular
oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for oscillators of the polyphase output type wherein the
separate output voltages or currents are of the polyphase
type, i.e., the separate output voltages or currents are of
the same period and differ by a constant phase angle (other
than phase coincidence or phase opposition).
subclasses 46+ for plural oscillator systems which may have
plural separate outputs.
subclasses 74+ for oscillators combined with a particular
output coupling network which network may include plural
separate output circuits.
Subclass:
61
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
wherein the electric waves derivable from at least two
separate output circuits are of different wave shapes.
Examples are: sine wave and triangular wave, saw-tooth and
square wave, sine wave and square wave, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
75 for oscillators with space discharge device or
unilaterally conductive device in the output circuit (e.g.,
for producing distorted waves).
subclasses 111+ for transistor-type relaxation
oscillators.
subclasses 129+ for gas-tube type relaxation oscillators.
subclasses 143+ for relaxation oscillators in general.
Subclass:
62
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the oscillator is provided with means to
protect the oscillator circuit or elements thereof from
damage due to some condition or malfunction of the oscillator
circuit or power supply therefor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 for oscillators provided with means to protect operating
personnel or others who may come into contact with exposed
portions of the oscillator from electrical shock.
67 for oscillators provided with electromagnetic or
electrostatic shield means to prevent undesirable couplings
between elements of the oscillator caused by fields generated
within the oscillator circuit or to prevent external fields
from influencing the oscillator.
subclasses 68+ for oscillators having outer casings or
housings to protect the oscillator from damage due to
external mechanical forces.
70 for oscillators provided with means to modify the
temperature of the oscillator or elements thereof, wherein
the means may be for the purpose of cooling the oscillator or
elements thereof to prevent damage thereto that would result
if the oscillator or elements thereof were permitted to
overheat.
subclasses 182+ for oscillators having means for
controlling or maintaining the amplitude level of the
generated oscillations and wherein the invention is not
primarily for protecting the oscillator from overload.
186 for oscillators having a regulated source of power or
bias and wherein the invention is not primarily for
protecting the oscillator from damage due to excessive bias
potential.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 326+ for electrical systems in general having
self-protective, safety or limit control features.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses
1+ for safety and protection systems for electrical devices
and equipment in general. See the search notes, and under
"SEARCH CLASS" of subclasses 92+ of Class 307 and subclasses
1+ of Class 361 as to further fields of search for protective
systems for specific electrical devices and systems.
Subclass:
63
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the oscillator is provided with means for
protecting persons contacting the oscillator or an exposed
portion thereof or persons controlling the oscillator from
the danger of bodily injury or electrical shock because of
the high potentials associated with the oscillator (e.g., the
potential of the power source or the generated
oscillations).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
62 for oscillators having means to prevent damage to the
oscillator circuit or elements thereof due to some condition
or malfunction of the oscillator circuit or the power supply
therefor.
subclasses 68+ for oscillators with protective casings or
housings.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 5 for
electric shock hazard protective devices in general. See
also the search notes to this subclass as to other fields of
search for devices to protect personnel against electrical
shock.
Subclass:
64
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the oscillator is provided with an indicator,
signal or alarm means to indicate or signal some state or
condition of the oscillator.
(1) Note. Examples of indicating, signaling or alarm means
included herein are (1) calibrated scales and cooperating
indicators or pointers to indicate the frequency setting of a
tunable tank circuit of the oscillator or to indicate the
amplitude setting of an output attenuator of the oscillator,
(2) electric meters, signals or alarms to indicate or respond
to any current or potential of the oscillator, such as output
load current or power, overload current, bias potential
level, frequency of the generated oscillations, standing wave
ratio of oscillator resonator, etc., (3) indicating or
signaling means responsive to any other condition of the
oscillator such as temperature or humidity, by way of
example.
(2) Note. Systems wherein the oscillator is an element of a
more comprehensive indicating or signaling system, for
example, a system for performing an external (to the
oscillator) chemical, physical or electrical measurement or
test are not classified herein but in the class providing for
such systems.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for methods of or systems for calibrating the oscillation
frequency setting means or tuning scale of an oscillator or
for testing the oscillation frequency characteristics of the
oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for
physical measuring and testing systems or devices in general
not elsewhere provided for.
116, Signals and Indicators, appropriate subclasses for
indicators, signals and alarms of the mechanical type and not
elsewhere classifiable.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 250 for radio and microwave
absorption meters for determining the wavelength or frequency
of a radio or microwave.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclasses for electrical measuring and testing systems in
general, particularly subclass 76.39 for cyclic current or
voltage frequency measuring or testing devices.
332, Modulators, subclass 118 for frequency modulators and
subclass 150 for amplitude modulators with indicating means,
observing means and/or signal, respectively.
340, Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for
electrical signals and alarms, especially subclass 870.01
for continuous variable indication devices and systems (e.g.,
telemetry) and subclass 653 for oscillator condition
responsive signals and alarms.
Subclass:
65
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the oscillator is combined with means distinct
from the oscillator system or wherein the means is a modified
element of the oscillator, which means is responsive to a
nonelectrical condition external to the oscillator, a current
characteristic of the oscillator, (e.g., amplitude or
frequency) being varied in accordance with changes in the
sensed condition.
(1) Note. The condition sensing means may, for example,
comprise means responsive to (1) presence or absence of a
material body, (2) moisture or humidity, (3) temperature, (4)
light, (5) pressure, (6) liquid level, and so forth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 1+ for oscillators with automatic frequency
stabilization wherein means are employed to sense a drift in
oscillator frequency and to effect a tuning of the oscillator
in the proper direction to maintain the oscillator frequency
constant.
62 for oscillators having means to sense an undesirable
condition in the oscillator and responsive thereto to correct
the condition or so control the oscillator to prevent damage
to the oscillator.
69 and 70, for oscillators having means to modify the
temperature of the oscillator or a part thereof in response
to temperature changes in the oscillator or the relative
temperature change of the oscillator and its ambient medium.
176 for oscillators whose frequency is stabilized by a
temperature or current responsive means in the oscillator
circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses, for
measuring and testing apparatus involving sensing means for
making physical measurements or tests not provided for in
other classes. See also, the Notes to the class definitions
and under "SEARCH CLASS" as to condition sensing means
classified in other classes. See particularly under (3)
Note, section C, of the class definition of Class 73 as to
various electrical devices and electrical systems classes
which utilize condition responsive controls.
332, Modulators, appropriate subclasses for modulated
oscillators combined with specific intelligence source (e.g.,
electro-acoustic transducer).
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclass 129
for a phonograph circuit with an information modulated
oscillator.
Subclass:
66
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter
wherein the condition responsive means is responsive to
temperature or radiant energy in the form of light.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
176 for frequency stabilized oscillators with temperature or
current responsive stabilizing means in circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 200+ for visible light
responsive photocell electric circuits or photocell apparatus
in general.
332, Modulators, appropriate subclasses for modulated
oscillators combined with a specific intelligence source of
the photoelectric transducer type.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclasses 584+ and 600
for electrical signal systems or alarms responsive to
temperature, radiant and energy respectively.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclasses 43+ for
optical pyrometers, subclasses 402+ for shade or color
testing, and subclasses 213+ for photometers.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclasses 121+ for a
thermal radiation responsive thermometer, and subclasses 170+
for an electrical thermometer with a digital signal
controlling an indicator.
Subclass:
67
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the oscillator system is provided (1) with
means for shielding at least part of the oscillator system
from external electric or magnetic fields, (2) with means to
shield one or more parts of the oscillator system from
electric or magnetic fields generated in one or more other
parts of the oscillator system, (3) with shielding or
screening means to prevent radiation of undesired electric or
magnetic fields generated within the oscillator system.
(1) Note. The electric or magnetic shield or screen to be
classified herein must be in addition to and separate from
oscillator circuit element structure. For example, if the
electron tube of the oscillator contains a screen grid
orshielding electrode as a perfecting feature of the tube
this is considered tube structure and not shielding or
screening for this subclass. Subclasses 72+ for instance, is
directed to electron coupled oscillators utilizing tetrode or
pentode tubes wherein the screen electrode shields or screens
the oscillator circuit section of the tube from the output or
anode circuit thereof. Another example of excluded subject
matter is that of an oscillator wherein the resonator of the
oscillator encloses and forms a screen for the active element
of the oscillator (see subclasses 97+, for example, for a
tube enclosed by a distributed parameter type resonator).
(2) Note. The shield or screen must be claimed as a
magnetic, electric or electromagnetic shield or screen, or
such limitations must be recited to clearly restrict the
shield or screen to that use, to cause classification in this
subclass. Merely reciting the combination of an oscillator
with an outer casing or housing, or as a metallic outer
casing or housing, for example, would not be sufficient for
classification herein, such combination being classified in
subclasses 68+ below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 68+ for oscillators combined with outer casing
or housing. See (2) Note above.
subclasses 72+ for electron coupled oscillators utilizing
screen grid tubes. See (1) Note above.
subclasses 79+ for beam tube oscillators wherein part of
the tube structure may include electric or magnetic shielding
means.
subclasses 86+ for magnetically controlled space discharge
device oscillators wherein part of the discharge device may
include electric or magnetic shielding means.
subclasses 97+ for oscillators wherein the oscillator tube
is enclosed by a distributed parameter resonator of the
oscillator. (See (1) Note above).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclasses 32+
for miscellaneous anti-inductive structures, see
particularly indented subclasses 35+, for miscellaneous
electrical shields and screen structures not elsewhere
classifiable. The search notes to subclasses 32+, indicate
further fields of search for anti-inductive and shielding
structure.
Subclass:
68
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Oscillators provided with a casing or housing to enclose the
oscillator.
(1) Note. The function of the casing or housing surrounding
the oscillator in the patents in this subclass is to provide
primarily for the mechanical protection or for the control of
the physical environment of the enclosed oscillator.
(2) Note. The casing or housing includes at least the
oscillator system and may or may not include the power supply
or biasing sources for the oscillator.
(3) Note. If the casing or housing is claimed as an
electric, magnetic, or electro-magnetic shield or screen the
patent is excluded.
(4) Note. The casing or housing in this subclass must be
independent of the oscillator. For example, if the
oscillator is enclosed by one of its own components (such as
its resonator) classification is with the particular
oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 for oscillators with electromagnetic or electrostatic
shield. See (3) Note above.
subclasses 79+ for beam tube oscillators wherein the
frequency determining structure (i.e., resonator or slow wave
structure) is enclosed by the tube envelop.
subclasses 86+ for magnetically controlled space discharge
device oscillators (e.g., magnetron) wherein the frequency
determining network of the oscillator is enclosed by the tube
envelope.
subclasses 97+ for oscillators wherein the active element
is enclosed by a distributed parameter resonator. See (4)
Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, for
miscellaneous casings and housings for electrical devices and
including the combination of the casing or housing with the
electrical device recited by name only, particularly
subclasses 8+ for such devices intended to be used with a
fluid or vacuum and subclasses 50+ for such devices of
general utility. See the search notes to the class
definition of Class 174 and to subclasses 8 and 50 and under
"SEARCH CLASS" thereunder as to other fields of search for
particular electrical devices with housings.
Subclass:
69
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
wherein means are associated with the housed oscillator for
controlling or modifying the temperature of the oscillator or
elements thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66 for oscillators combined with temperature sensing means
external to the oscillator for controlling a characteristic
of the oscillator (e.g., frequency or amplitude) as a
function of an externally sensed temperature.
70 for oscillators having means for controlling or modifying
the temperature of the oscillator or elements thereof and
wherein the oscillator is not combined with an enclosing
housing or casing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 15.1
for combined electrical device (recited by name only) casing
or housing therefor and means for feeding, circulating or
distributing a fluid or with means to cool either the
electrical device or the fluid.
Subclass:
70
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein means are provided for modifying or
controlling the temperature of the oscillator or elements
thereof.
(1) Note. For example, included in this subclass are
oscillators provided with (1) crystal ovens for controlling
or maintaining the oscillator crystal temperature constant,
(2) means for forcing a cooling fluid through a cavity
resonator of the oscillator, (3) means for circulating a
fluid through a hollow conductor comprising the inductor of
the LC frequency determining element of the oscillator, (4)
an oscillator tube wherein the anode or cathode structure of
the tube is provided with passages through which a cooling
fluid is passed or wherein the external terminal of the anode
electrode may include cooling fins.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66 for oscillators combined with an external temperature
responsive means for controlling a characteristic (e.g.,
frequency or amplitude) of the oscillator.
69 for oscillators including temperature modifying means,
combined with an outer casing or housing.
176 for oscillators in general including temperature or
current responsive means in the oscillator circuit for
stabilizing the oscillator frequency.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 15.1
for means for cooling electrical apparatus wherein no details
of the apparatus are claimed. See the search notes to
subclass 15.1 and the class definition search notes of Class
174 for other fields of search with respect to modifying the
temperature of particular electrical apparatus.
Subclass:
71
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the source of power or bias for the output and
control electrodes or the output electrode of the active
element of the oscillator comprises raw alternating current,
which current is applied directly to the electrodes.
(1) Note. Where the raw alternating current is merely
applied to the control electrode of the active element of the
oscillator classification is not in this subclass, but
elsewhere in this class in accordance with the particular
type of oscillator systems or the nature of the control. See
the search notes below for oscillator systems which may have
alternating current applied to the control grid of the active
element thereof may be found, wherein one oscillator is used
to vary the amplitude of the oscillation generated by another
oscillator; for cascaded or series connected oscillators; for
a subclass wherein plural oscillators may be synchronized
from an external source or where one oscillator synchronizes
another; for oscillators with periodic or repetitious
amplitude and/or frequency varying means (e.g., tremolo,
vibrato); for and oscillators with synchronizing triggering
or pulsing means involving grid bias control ; for blocking
oscillators, for relaxation oscillators in general and for
oscillators in general.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47 for oscillator systems which may have alternating current
applied to the control grid of the active element thereof,
wherein one oscillator is used to vary the amplitude of the
oscillation generated by another oscillator.
subclasses 50+ for cascaded or series connected
oscillators.
55 wherein plural oscillators may be synchronized from an
external source or where one oscillator synchronizes another
106 for oscillators with periodic or repetitious amplitude
and/or frequency varying means (e.g., tremolo, vibrato).
145 oscillators with synchronizing triggering or pulsing
means involving grid bias control may be found in this
subclass (145) for multivibrators
149 for blocking oscillators.
153 for relaxation oscillators in general
subclasses 172+ for oscillators in general..
subclasses 185+ for oscillators with particular source of
power or bias voltage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclasses
137+ for gaseous space discharge device or vacuum diode
systems supplied with a polyphase alternating current, and
subclasses 246+ for similar systems supplied with pulsating
or alternating current supply (see the search notes appended
to subclasses 246+ for further fields of search for similar
subject matter).
330, Amplifiers, subclasses 114+ for linear amplifiers
wherein an unrectified alternating current is applied to an
electrode of an active element or elements, thereof.
Subclass:
72
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the active element of the oscillator includes
a cathode, two or more grids and an output electrode (e.g.,
conventional tetrode or pentode) and wherein the cathode and
at least two grids are connected in circuit to form a triode
oscillator, one of the grids acting as an anode electrode,
and wherein the output electrode is coupled to the oscillator
solely through the electron stream, so that the output
circuit is substantially isolated from the oscillator
circuit. In effect, the resulting circuit comprises an
oscillator and power amplifier combined in one tube.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 75+ for the combination of oscillator and output
amplifier, wherein the oscillator and amplifier each comprise
separate and distinct active elements.
subclasses 79+ for beam tube type oscillators wherein the
output circuit may be electron coupled to a directed electron
beam.
134 for negative resistance oscillators of the transition
type wherein a plural grid active element is utilized.
147 for blocking oscillators utilizing a plural grid tube.
152 for relaxation oscillators having a multi-grid discharge
device in the charged capacitor circuit.
Subclass:
73
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter,
wherein a piezoelectric crystal comprises a frequency
determining element of the oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
116 for transistor oscillators using a piezoelectric
crystal.
139 for bridge oscillator with piezoelectric crystal in the
bridge network.
155 for oscillator with a crystal driven electromechanical
resonator.
subclasses 158+ for crystal oscillators in general.
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the oscillator has coupled or connected to its
output circuit an additional network, which network may be
passive or active, the driven load being coupled or connected
to the output of the additional network.
(1) Note. To be classified in this and indented subclasses
the additional output coupling network must be significantly
claimed. If it is claimed nominally, for example, as a
transformer coupled output or a directly connected output, or
the like, classification will be with the particular
oscillator and not herein.
(2) Note. Where the oscillator is claimed in broad terms,
such as a wave generator, pulse generator harmonic generator,
oscillator, or the like, so as to provide no basis for
classification in this class and the oscillator is claimed in
combination with a specific output coupling network,
classification, in general, will be with the particular
coupling network and not herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 37+ for beat frequency oscillators wherein at
least two sources of oscillation are connected or coupled to
a modulator or mixer network to produce an output which is
the difference or the sum of the two frequencies.
45 for oscillators including a network for producing a
polyphase output.
subclasses 46+ for plural oscillators wherein one
oscillator may be in the output circuit of another
oscillator.
72 for electron coupled oscillators wherein a single
multi-grid electron tube (e.g., tetrode or pentode) is so
connected that one section of the tube acts as an oscillator
and the output electrode (usually the anode) is coupled to
the oscillator solely through the electron stream and acts
effectively as a stage of amplification.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses and search
notes for a field of search for coupling networks of the
active element type; also see appropriate subclasses for
miscellaneous systems with particular output circuits. See
the (2) Note above.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, provides for
passive type wave transmission coupling networks (e.g.,
impedance matching networks, equalizing networks, delay
lines, wave filters); see the class definitions and search
notes; also see subclasses 24+ for passive coupling
networks, per se, and see the Search Class notes thereunder..
See also (2) Note above.
Subclass:
75
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Subject matter
wherein the output coupling network includes a device having
at least two spaced electrodes between which an electric
current may be caused to flow. Included, by way of example,
are spark gaps, electron tubes (diodes, triodes, etc.) of the
vacuum type or gas-filled type and solid state equivalents
thereof, such as semi-conductor barrier layer devices (e.g.,
rectifier, transistors).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 46+ for plural oscillator systems wherein one
oscillator may be in the output circuit of another
oscillator.
72 for electron coupled oscillators wherein a single
multi-grid electron tube (e.g., tetrode or pentode) is so
connected that one section of the tube acts as an oscillator
and the output electrode (usually the anode) is coupled to
the oscillator solely through the electron stream and acts
effectively as a stage of amplification.
150 for relaxation oscillators with output circuit connected
to another discharge device circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for miscellaneous systems utilizing
nonlinear reactor devices and not elsewhere classifiable and
subclasses 106+ for class appropriate waveform or wave shape
determinative or pulse producing systems.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for
miscellaneous transistor and electron tube nonlinear
circuits.
330, Amplifiers, appropriate subclasses for the various types
of linear amplifiers, per se.
Subclass:
76
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter
wherein (1) the active element is operated on a nonlinear
portion of its characteristic so as to produce harmonics of
the fundamental frequency of the oscillator, further filter
means usually being provided to select a particular harmonic
or harmonics of the harmonics generated, or (2) a wave filter
selective to the desired harmonic or harmonics of the
harmonics generated by the oscillator is included in the
output coupling network.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for frequency dividing plural oscillator systems, wherein
the oscillators are connected in cascade or series.
53 for frequency multiplying plural oscillator systems,
wherein the oscillators are connected in cascade or series.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 105 for miscellaneous systems employing harmonic
filtering or neutralizing devices and not elsewhere
classifiable.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclasses 167+
for passive wave filters, especially subclasses 175+ for
resonant discrete frequency selective type filters.
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclasses 157+ for
frequency conversion systems, for directly converting a
current into a current of a higher or lower frequency,
especially subclasses 166+ for electronic tube frequency
converting systems.
Subclass:
77
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Subject matter
wherein the output coupling network is of the passive type
and is so designed as to pass waves of a desired frequency or
band of frequencies with little attenuation while highly
attenuating waves of other or undesired frequency or band of
frequencies.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 32+ for oscillators having automatic frequency
stabilization utilizing a stable heterodyne oscillator and
wherein the frequency discriminator may be of the
passive-filter type.
43 for beat frequency oscillators having a filter in the
mixer output.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclasses 167+
for passive type wave filters, per se.
Subclass:
78
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the oscillator comprises means for utilizing
the random translatory motions of charged particles for
generating a substantially infinite number of waves of
different frequencies which are fortuitously related, having
no definite phase relationship, period, amplitude or shape.
The means may be (1) a solid conductor, the random waves
being generated by the thermal agitation of the free
electrons, or (2) a thermionic space discharge device,
wherein the random waves are caused by random emission of
electrons (such as the shot effect in a temperature limited
thermionic diode), or (3) a gaseous space discharge device
wherein the thermal agitation or electrical excitation of the
molecules, ions and electrons of the gas produces the random
waves.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94.1 for molecular or particle resonant type oscillators
wherein the generated oscillations are caused by the
vibration of the particle, molecule or atom itself and is not
due to translational motion of the particle, molecule or
atoms as a whole.
Subclass:
79
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein (1) the active element of the oscillator
comprises a space discharge device consisting of a source of
charged particles, means for concentrating the particles into
a directed beam, means for exerting a control on the beam
(e.g., beam accelerating electrode, control grid, deflecting
means, slow wave structure, buncher type resonator, reflector
electrode, etc.) and means for deriving output oscillatory
energy from the controlled beam.
(1) Note. The active elements in this and indented
subclasses are of the transit time or velocity variation or
velocity modulation type, and while space charge effects
influence the beam somewhat they are secondary, the primary
effect of control of the beam being that of velocity
variation. This action is to be contrasted with that of the
space-charge control tubes (e.g., conventional triode)
wherein the electron density is varied and the slight change
in electron velocity during such variation is secondary.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 6+ for klystron oscillators provided with
automatic frequency stabilization.
subclasses 86+ for magnetically controlled space discharge
device type oscillators (e.g., magnetron) wherein the space
discharge device is not of the beam type, but which device
may utilize transit time effects to produce oscillations.
subclasses 92+ for retarding field tube type oscillators
wherein the tube is not of the beam type.
subclasses 104+ for transit time oscillators in general and
wherein the active element is not of the beam type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclasses 364+
for cathode-ray tube structure and subclass 299 for beam tube
structure.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclasses
1+ for cathode-ray tube systems in general, especially
subclasses 3+ for systems utilizing cathode-ray tubes
combined with circuit element structure.
330, Amplifiers, subclass 43 and 44+ for linear amplifiers
which include an active element of the electron beam type.
332, Modulators, appropriate subclasses for modulators
utilizing electron beam discharge devices.
Subclass:
80
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter
wherein the beam control means of the space discharge device
includes means (e.g., beam deflecting electrodes or coils)
for causing the beam to depart from its directed path.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are systems wherein the
beam sweeping deflecting device acts as driven switching
device to shock excite a resonant circuit into oscillation,
the switching device being driven by an external oscillator.
For other shock-excited resonant circuit systems see the
search notes below. The driving oscillator in this subclass
is claimed in broad terms only, if the driving oscillator is
significantly claimed classification is in some preceding
subclass, such as the subclasses for the combination of
specific oscillator with particular output coupling networks,
especially subclasses wherein the output coupling network may
include a space discharge device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 74+ for the combination of specific oscillator
with particular output coupling networks
subclasses 75+ wherein the output coupling network may
include a space discharge device.
84 for beam tube oscillators of the reflex type wherein the
beam is reflected so as to travel in a direction opposite to
its initial direction.
128 wherein the switching element is of the gaseous space
discharge type. The driving oscillator in this subclass is
claimed in broad terms only, if the driving oscillator is
significantly claimed classification is in some preceding
subclass,
166 wherein the switching element is of the active element
type and which system is not provided for in any preceding
subclass. The driving oscillator in this subclass is claimed
in broad terms only, if the driving oscillator is
significantly claimed classification is in some preceding
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclasses 421+
for cathode-ray tube structures provided with ray deflection
means.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass
5.18 for cathode-ray tube devices including a hollow
distributed parameter type resonator wherein the ray passes
through the resonator and the tube is provided with repeller
means to return the ray to the resonator, subclasses 5.24+
for cathode-ray tube devices including a hollow resonator
through the ray passes and having means to deflect or reflect
the ray, and subclasses 364+ for cathode-ray tube circuits in
general having means for deflecting the cathode-ray.
330, Amplifiers, subclass 46 for linear amplifiers utilizing
beam deflection tubes.
Subclass:
81
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter
wherein the means for controlling the beam comprises a
resonator or a slow wave structure (delay line) effectively
in energy-coupling relation to the moving beam of particles,
the energy interchange between the particles and resonator or
slow wave structure due to relative movement therebetween
resulting in a change in velocity of given particles along
the path of the beam, such differences in velocity of given
particles causing the particles to form in groups or
bunches.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for oscillators utilizing velocity variation type active
elements (e.g., Klystron) and having means for automatically
stabilizing the oscillator frequency.
subclasses 86+ for magnetically controlled space discharge
device oscillators of the magnetron type wherein the
electrons in the interaction space between the cathode and
anode resonator may be subjected to velocity modulation and
bunching to generate oscillations.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclasses
3+ for cathode-ray tubes combined with circuit element
structure, especially indented subclasses 3.5+ for traveling
wave tubes with delay transmission line and indented
subclasses 4+ for cathode-ray tube combined with inductor or
distributed parameter type inductive structure, and subclass
39.3 for traveling wave tube with delay line and wherein the
active electrons are not in the form of a beam or ray.
330, Amplifiers, subclass 45 for velocity variation
electron-beam tube linear amplifiers.
332, Modulators, subclass 133, 147+ or 165+, for electron
bunching type tubes (e.g., klystron) utilized in a frequency,
phase or amplitude modulator, respectively.
Subclass:
82
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter
wherein the means controlling the beam comprises a
transmission line of the slow wave type placed in energy
exchanging relation to the beam of particles, the axes of the
transmission line and the beam being in the same general
direction, the transmission line being so constructed that
the phase velocity of a component of a traveling
electromagnetic wave propagated therealong approximates the
velocity of the beam of particles being such that the wave
gains in energy while the particles lose energy, the slowing
down of the particles causing groups or bunches to form.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass
3.5 for cathode- ray tube circuits wherein the tube is of
the traveling wave type combined with a delay type
transmission line, and subclass 39.3 for a discharge device
of the traveling wave type with delay type transmission
line.
330, Amplifiers, subclass 43 for linear amplifier systems of
the traveling wave type.
Subclass:
83
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter
wherein the means controlling the beam includes at least two
distributed parameter devices of the cavity resonator type,
the resonators being provided with apertures, the beam of
particles being directed through the apertures of the
resonators in succession, exciting the resonators into
oscillation. The first resonator causes bunching of the
particles passing therethrough, the bunched particles then
travel in a field-free region where further bunching occurs
and then the bunched particles enter the second resonator
giving up their energy to excite it into oscillation, a
positive feedback loop from the second resonator to the first
resonator causes sustained oscillations to be generated.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass
5.16 for combined cathode-ray tube with plural hollow
devices where in plural rays pass through or in the hollow
devices, subclass 5.27 for similar devices utilizing a single
ray and with ray deflection means.
330, Amplifiers, subclass 45 for linear electron beam type
amplifier systems having plural resonant cavities.
Subclass:
84
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter
wherein the means controlling the beam of particles comprises
a buncher resonator effectively placed in the path of the
beam and interacting therewith to cause the particles to be
velocity modulated or bunched, a repeller electrode is
provided in the path of the bunched particles and is so
biased as to reflect the bunched particles and cause them to
return to the buncher resonator in proper phase to interact
therewith to give additional energy to the resonator and
produce sustained oscillations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for beam tube oscillators of the beam sweeping or
deflecting type.
subclasses 92+ for retarding field type (e.g.,
Barkhausen-Kurz) oscillators wherein the active element is
not of the beam type and wherein a cloud of electrons is
caused to oscillate about a positively biased grid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass
5.18 for combined cathode-ray tube and hollow resonator
structure wherein the ray is reflected and returns to and
enters the resonator, and subclasses 5.24+ for similar
devices wherein the ray returns to but does not enter the
resonator.
332, Modulators, appropriate subclasses for retarding field
electronic tube type (e.g., Barkhausen-Kurz) modulators.
Subclass:
86
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the active element of the oscillator consists
of a space discharge device having means for producing a
space discharge comprising charged particles, such as
electrons or ions, and wherein further means are provided for
subjecting the space discharge to the direct control of a
magnetic field and an electric field.
(1) Note. This subclass includes magnetrons, a specific
form of magnetically controlled space discharge device. The
magnetron is essentially a diode comprising a linear cathode,
an anode, usually cylindrical, coaxial therewith and wherein
the magnetic field is parallel to the longitudinal axis of
the cathode while the electric field is transverse thereto.
In the multicavity magnetron the frequency determining
element is structurally a part of the anode.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for magnetic field controlled space discharge device
oscillators of the automatic frequency stabilized type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 433 for
cathode-ray tube structure provided with electrostatic and
electromagnetic, beam deflecting means and subclasses 153+
for space discharge device structure provided with a magnetic
device, especially indented subclasses 156+ for space
discharge devices where the magnetic field is transverse to
the discharge.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass
5.13 for cathode ray device with a hollow resonator combined
with a magnetron, subclasses 399+ for cathode-ray tube
systems utilizing electromagnetic beam deflection, and
subclasses 39.51+ for distributed parameter type resonator
magnetron space discharge devices in general wherein the
resonator is a structural part of the space discharge
device.
329, Demodulators, subclass 322 for a magnetron type
frequency demodulator and subclass 354 for a magnetron type
amplitude demodulator.
330, Amplifiers, subclasses 47+ for linear amplifiers
utilizing a magnetic field controlled space discharge tube as
the active element thereof.
332, Modulators, particularly subclass 132 and 166 for
modulators utilizing magnetic field type electronic tubes
(e.g., magnetron).
Subclass:
87
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter
wherein an electrical network including switching or keying
means is provided for producing high voltage pulses of large
energy content, which pulses are applied between electrodes
(cathode and anode) of the active element of the oscillator
to cause the oscillator to generate oscillations in
accordance with the duration of the pulses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 55+ for synchronizing, triggering or pulsing
systems involving plural oscillators.
145 for multivibrators with synchronizing, triggering or
pulsing circuit.
149 for blocking oscillators with synchronizing, triggering
or pulsing circuit.
153 for relaxation oscillators in general with
synchronizing, triggering or pulsing circuit.
subclasses 172+ for oscillators in general with
synchronizing, triggering or pulsing circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 106+ for waveform or wave shape determinative or
pulse producing systems which are class appropriate and
especially subclass 108 for such systems utilizing
capacitors.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 291+ for miscellaneous
clock or pulse waveform generation.
332, Modulators, particularly subclass 132 and 166 for
modulators of the magnetic field electronic tube type and
subclasses 106+ for pulse modulation systems in general
respectively.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 20 for
passive type wave shaping network, and subclasses 138+ for
passive type delay networks, per se.
Subclass:
88
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter
wherein means are provided in the oscillator circuit to
prevent or compensate for undesirable drift or change in
oscillator frequency caused by changes in (1) space discharge
device characteristics or (2) circuit parameters or (3)
supply or bias voltages, or any combination or (1), (2) or
(3).
(1) Note. This subclass does not provide for oscillators
with automatic frequency stabilization wherein means are
provided for sensing or detecting an undesired change in
oscillator frequency, developing a control or error voltage
proportional to such change and applying the control or error
voltage to means for varying or adjusting a frequency
determining means of the oscillator in such a sense as to
bring the oscillator back on frequency. For such subject
matter search subclasses 1+ above, particularly subclass 5
for magnetron type oscillators.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for oscillators utilizing magnetically controlled space
discharge devices and having means to automatically stabilize
the frequency. See, also, (1) Note above.
subclasses 41+ for beat frequency systems with frequency
stabilization means.
69 for oscillators with outer casing, housing or shield and
wherein a temperature modifier is provided which may aid in
stabilizing the oscillator frequency.
subclasses 175+ for frequency stabilized oscillators in
general and not provided for in any preceding subclass.
Subclass:
89
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter
wherein the magnetically controlled space discharge device
includes a secondary electron emissive electrode.
(1) Note. The secondary electron emission electrode, for
example, may be (1) an auxiliary electrode, or (2) the
cathode electrode, which cathode may be designed to produce
electrons by thermionic and secondary emission or by
secondary emission alone (cold cathode), or (3) the anode or
collector electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 for beam tube oscillators of the negative resistance type
wherein the negative resistance effect may be produced by
secondary electron emission means.
133 for negative resistance or negative transconductance
type oscillators in general utilizing the phenomenon of
secondary electron emission (e.g., dynatron oscillators).
184 for oscillators utilizing a secondary electron emission
discharge device of particular construction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclasses 103+
for the structure of space discharge devices including
secondary electron emissive electrodes. See the search notes
to subclasses 103+ of Class 313 as to the further fields of
search for secondary electron emissive devices or systems
utilizing such devices.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass
39.63 for magnetically controlled space discharge device
structures (e.g., magnetrons) having secondary electron
emitter means.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclasses 213+
for negative resistance networks which networks may include a
negative resistance device having a secondary emissive
electrode.
Subclass:
90
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter
wherein the oscillator includes means to vary or change the
frequency of the oscillations generated by the oscillator.
(1) Note. The frequency adjustment of the oscillator may be
effected in many ways, (1) by moving a tuning element such
as a variable capacitor or variable inductor of a resonant
circuit or the short-circuiting element of a resonant line,
(2) by electronic control such as an auxiliary cathode in a
resonator cavity of a multicavity magnetron, (3) by adjusting
the strength of the magnetic field in the electron
interaction space of a magnetron.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 1+ for oscillators having means for
automatically stabilizing the oscillator frequency,
especially indented subclass 5 wherein the oscillator is of
the magnetron type.
40 for beat frequency adjustment or control.
47 for plural oscillators where one oscillator sweeps the
frequency of another.
48 for plural oscillators having means to adjust the
frequency of one or more oscillators.
subclasses 177+ for oscillators in general having frequency
adjusting means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass
39.55 for distributed parameter resonator magnetron type
space discharge device having variable tuning means.
332, Modulators, subclass 5 for modulator systems of
magnetic field electronic tube type (e.g., magnetic) wherein
the modulating signal may vary the tuning of the system.
Subclass:
91
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter
wherein the circuit constants of the oscillator are such that
the oscillator may have several possible modes of operation
and wherein means are provided to prevent or suppress the
generation of modes other than the desired mode.
(1) Note. Undesired mode generation is most common in
magnetrons of the multicavity anode type and may be prevented
or suppressed in various ways, for example, by strapping
(conductively connecting) alternate segments of the resonant
cavities, by changing the resonant cavity structure so that
alternate cavities are resonant at different frequencies or
by some external means such as a resonant break-down device
or wave filter device in the output coupling line of the
magnetron.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass
39.65 for magnetron devices wherein the anode structure is
of the plural diverse resonator type, and subclass 39.69 for
magnetron devices wherein the plural resonators of the anode
structure are strapped.
Subclass:
92
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the oscillator comprises an electron tube
having at least three electrodes, i.e., a source of electrons
(cathode), control electrode (grid) and an anode or plate
electrode, the control electrode being biased positively with
respect to the other electrodes. The bias potentials of the
electrodes are so chosen that the electrons attracted from
the cathode by the positive grid pass through the grid and
are slowed down by the repelling effect of the negative anode
field and are returned back to, or through the grid. This
phenomenon is repeated again and again so that a cloud of
electrons is caused to sweep back and forth through the grid,
giving up energy to the grid at a frequency which is a
function of the transit time of the electrons. Usually a
frequency determining network is associated with the electron
tube so that the frequency of the generated oscillation is a
function of both the electron transit time and the network
parameters.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
84 for beam tube oscillators of the reflex type wherein an
electron beam is projected through a beam permeable electrode
cavity toward a repelling electrode which electrode reflects
the beam, causing it to pass back through the permeable
electrode or cavity.
104 for transit time oscillators in general not classified
in any preceding subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
329, Demodulators, subclass 322 for microwave frequency
structure in a frequency demodulator and subclass 354 for
microwave structure in an amplitude demodulator.
Subclass:
93
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter
wherein a distributed parameter frequency determining network
is associated with the electron tube.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 96+ for oscillators in general wherein the
frequency determining network is of the distributed parameter
type.
Subclass:
94.1
MOLECULAR OR PARTICLE RESONANT TYPE (E.G., MASER):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the oscillator consists of (a) a medium which
may be solid, liquid, or gaseous, comprising particles,
molecules, or atoms; (b) means including a source of energy
for setting the particles, molecules, or atoms into a state
of vibration or oscillation; and (c) means to abstract
electromagnetic wave energy produced by the vibration or
oscillation of the particles, molecules, or atoms. The
vibration or oscillation is that of the particle, molecule,
or atom itself and is not due to the translational motion of
the particle, molecule, or atom as a whole.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for automatic frequency stabilized oscillators utilizing a
frequency discriminator of the molecular resonant type.
78 for electrical noise or random wave generators wherein
the translatory motions of charged particles or molecules are
utilized to generate oscillations.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 552 for devices for producing
and propagating a unidirectional stream of neutral molecules
or atoms through vacuum, usually at thermal velocity and
including means to excite the molecules or atoms at a
resonant frequency.
332, Modulators, appropriate subclasses for maser type
modulators.
372, Coherent Light Generators, appropriate subclasses for
optical (e.g., laser) oscillators.
Subclass:
95
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the frequency determining element of the
oscillator comprises a variable split stator capacitor, the
stator plates being in general circular discs having a
symmetrical opening therein of butterfly wing configuration,
the rotor plates having a corresponding butterfly shape and
being in interleaving or meshing relation to the stator
plates and being rotatable about an axis normal to and
passing through the center of symmetry of the surface of the
rotor plates. The arrangement is such that both the
capacitance and inductance of the device vary at a function
of the rotor position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 96+ for oscillators with distributed parameter
resonator.
subclasses 167+ for oscillators of the lumped parameter LC
type.
Subclass:
96
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the frequency determining means or resonator
of the oscillator is of the distributed network type, the
capacitance, inductance and resistance of which cannot be
isolated into separate lumped capacitors, inductors or
resistors and wherein the time factor of propagation of wave
energy in the network is appreciable. Examples of such a
network are an open-circuited or short-circuited wave
transmission line a quarter wave length long at the desired
resonant frequency. Included are transmission lines wherein
the principal wave may be of TEM mode (e.g., parallel wire
and coaxial lines) or E or H mode having longitudinal as well
as transverse wave components (e.g., hollow conductors,
dielectric rods, single wire surface-wave mode wave guides).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for magnetron type oscillators having automatic frequency
control and which utilize distributed parameter resonators.
subclasses 6+ for beam tube type (e.g., Klystron)
oscillators having automatic frequency control and which
utilize cavity resonators.
9 for microwave oscillators having automatic frequency
stabilization and which utilize distributed parameter
resonators as discriminator means in the A.F.S. loop.
subclasses 79+ for beam tube oscillators utilizing
distributed parameter resonators.
subclasses 86+ for oscillators having a magnetically
controlled active element (e.g., magnetron) and which utilize
distributed parameter resonators.
93 Retarding field type oscillators with distributed
parameter resonators.
95 for oscillators wherein the frequency determining network
is of the so-called "butterfly" type.
subclasses 154+ for oscillators utilizing electromechanical
resonators whose frequency may be determined by distributed
physical parameters of mass, stiffness and mechanical
friction.
subclasses 167+ for LC oscillators in general wherein the
parameters L and C are separate and distinct lumped
elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclasses
4+ for cathode-ray tube circuits and wherein the
cathode-ray tube includes distributed parameter resonator
structure and subclasses 39+ for space discharge device load
with distributed parameter type transmission line (e.g., wave
guide, coaxial cable) which line may act as a resonator.
330, Amplifiers, subclass 45 for a linear amplifier having
an electron beam vacuum tube coupled to a cavity resonator;
subclass 49 for a linear amplifier having a vacuum tube
amplifying device which has distributed parameter
characteristics which may involve a resonator; and subclass
56 for linear amplifiers involving wave guide, cavity, of
concentric line resonator coupling, generally.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclasses 219+
for resonators of the distributed parameter type, per se.
334, Tuners, subclasses 41+ for tuners of the distributed
parameter type.
Subclass:
97
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter
wherein the oscillator includes a frequency determining
network comprising a hollow conductive structure, such as a
coaxial line resonator or a cavity type resonator, and
wherein the active element of the oscillator is effectively
enclosed thereby.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 for oscillators that include an electromagnetic or
electrostatic shield which may enclose the active element of
the oscillator and wherein the shield is not the frequency
determining network or resonator of the oscillator.
subclasses 68+ wherein the oscillator is enclosed by an
outer casing or housing which casing or housing is not the
frequency determining network or resonator of the
oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass
39 for the combination of a space discharge device with a
distributed parameter transmission line and wherein the line
may enclose the space discharge device.
Subclass:
98
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Subject matter
wherein the active element comprises an electron tube
including an envelope having an axis of symmetry and wherein
at least one electrode, usually the control grid of the tube,
has an external contact comprising a planar disc or annulus
whose center of revolution is on the axis of symmetry of the
tube envelope and normal thereto. Examples of such electron
tubes are the lighthouse tube and the pencil tube wherein the
anode, grid and cathode external contacts are surfaces of
revolution about the axis of the tube envelope and are
displaced longitudinally there along.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclasses 237+,
especially subclasses 249+, for the structure of lighthouse
and pencil type space discharge devices.
Subclass:
99
PARALLEL WIRE TYPE:
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter
wherein the frequency determining network comprises at least
two elongated conductors so oriented that their longitudinal
axis are parallel, are displaced relative to each other and
lie in a common plane.
(1) Note. The cross-sectional configuration of the
individual conductors may have any geometric form, but is
usually circular, as is true of the well known Lecher wires,
for example.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
101 for parallel conductor resonators wherein one conductor
is surrounded by and within another conductor.
Subclass:
100
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter
wherein the parallel wire resonator oscillator includes two
or more active elements connected in push-pull relation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102 for push-pull oscillators having a coaxial or shielded
line type resonator.
114 for transistor oscillators of the push-pull type.
159 for push-pull crystal oscillators.
168 for push-pull LC oscillators in general.
Subclass:
101
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter
wherein the frequency determining network comprises at least
two elongated conductors, one of the conductors being
enclosed by and electrically shielded by the other conductor,
the conductors being so arranged that their longitudinal axes
are parallel or coincident (i.e., coaxial line).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 97+ for coaxial or shielded line resonators
wherein the active element of the oscillator is enclosed by
resonator structure.
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
wherein the coaxial or shielded line type resonator
oscillator includes two or more active elements connected in
push-pull relation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
100 for push-pull oscillators having a parallel wire type
resonator.
114 for push-pull transistor oscillators.
159 for push-pull crystal oscillators.
168 for push-pull LC oscillators in general.
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein some structure or structures of the active
element, such as the space discharge electrodes or the
internal leads associated therewith, have an appreciable
inductive reactance which reactance is effectively included
as part of the frequency determining network of the
oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 79+ for oscillators of the beam tube type
wherein the frequency determining network is structurally a
part of the beam tube.
subclasses 86+ for magnetic field controlled space
discharge device oscillators wherein the resonator is a
structural part of the device (e.g., magnetron type with
rising-sun anode blocks).
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the oscillator comprises an electron tube,
having input and output electrodes, and a frequency
determining network effectively coupled between the output
and input electrodes and wherein the electrode spacing or the
electrode biasing potentials, or both, are so chosen that the
time of flight or transit angle of the electrons between the
electrodes is an appreciable part of a cycle of the generated
oscillations, the arrangement being such that energy is
continuously supplied to the frequency determining network in
proper phase to sustain oscillations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for magnetron type oscillators having automatic frequency
control and wherein the active element may relay on electron
transit time effects to generate oscillations.
subclasses 6+ for beam tube oscillators (e.g., Klyston) of
the velocity modulated type having automatic frequency
stabilization.
subclasses 79+ for beam tube oscillators wherein electron
transit time effects are utilized to generate oscillations.
subclasses 86+ for oscillators utilizing a magnetically
controlled space discharge device, e.g., magnetron, which
device may be of the electron transit type.
subclasses 92+ for retarding field type oscillators (e.g.,
Barkhausen-Kurz) wherein the transit time effects of
electrons oscillating about a positive grid are utilized to
generate oscillations.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the oscillator, when in operation, generates
or tends to generate undesired spurious oscillations and
wherein means are provided in the oscillator circuit to
suppress, control or prevent the generation of such undesired
oscillations.
(1) Note. The spurious oscillations may be caused, for
example, by (1) parasitic resonant circuits formed by the
tube leads and interelectrode capacitance of the active
element of the oscillator, (2) secondary emission effects due
to positive excursions of the grid of the active element of
the oscillator which produces a negative resistance and
causes the production of dynatron oscillations, (3) electron
transit time effects, particularly in a tetrode or pentode,
when the grid is positive with respect to cathode and output
electrode, which effects may produce Barkhausen oscillations,
and (4) the radio frequency chokes in the electrode biasing
circuits which chokes may be of such values as to cause the
generation of low frequency parasitic oscillations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 88+ for magnetically controlled space discharge
devices with means to stabilize the generated frequency.
subclasses 175+ for oscillators in general with means to
stabilize the generated frequency.
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the oscillator is provided with means to
cyclically or repetitively vary the amplitude of the
generated means are provided to simultaneously vary the
amplitude and frequency of the generated wave cyclically or
repetitively.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47 for plural oscillator systems wherein one oscillator
varies the amplitude of the generated oscillations of another
oscillator.
55 for plural oscillator systems provided with means to
synchronize, trigger or pulse at least one oscillator.
145 for multivibrators with sync, trigger or pulsing means.
149 for blocking oscillators with sync, trigger or pulsing
means.
153 for relaxation oscillators in general with sync, trigger
or pulsing means.
subclasses 172+ for oscillators in general with sync,
trigger or pulsing means.
subclasses 182+ for oscillators in general provided with
oscillation amplitude control means.
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Oscillators wherein the oscillator comprises at least two
components (1) a two-terminal or four-terminal active element
of electrically conductive, semi-conductive, ferromagnetic or
ferroelectric material in the solid state, and (2) a
frequency determining network. Usually the two-terminal
active element constitutes a negative resistance so connected
to the frequency determining network that the resulting
oscillator is a two-terminal negative resistance oscillator,
whereas the four-terminal active element is so connected to
the frequency determining network that the resulting
oscillator is of the feedback type.
(1) Note. Oscillator system elements recited in the Class
331 definition of an oscillator system occur in a Gunn
element with input and output terminals, even though a Gunn
Oscillator isn't even an integrated circuit.
(2) Note. If an oscillator system involving an active solid
state device or integrated circuit is claimed, nominally or
in detail, then it is properly classified in Class 331,
whereas if an oscillator system is not claimed or a
subcombination thereof which involves an active solid state
device is claimed, and is not elsewhere classifiable, then
they are properly classified in Class 257.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for plural oscillator systems comprising two or more
oscillators of the semi-conductor active element type
connected in cascade.
94 for molecularly resonant type oscillator wherein the
resonance properties of particles of a gas, liquid or solid
are utilized to produce oscillations.
subclasses 126+ for oscillators wherein the active element
thereof comprises a device of the gaseous discharge type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), for active solid-state devices,
especially subclasses 6-8 for Gunn effect oscillators, and
subclasses 446 and 499+ for integrated circuit devices with
electrically isolated components.
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for miscellaneous systems, not elsewhere
classifiable utilizing ferromagnetic or ferroelectric active
elements, and subclass 132 for switching systems of the
self-sustaining repetitive make and break type, usually
employing electromagnetic relays.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 301
for the structure of electric generators or motors utilizing
the thermal or pyromagnetic properties of a solid, and
subclasses 311+ for the structure of electric generators or
motors utilizing the piezoelectric properties of a solid.
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 2 for
electrical systems utilizing means of the nonmagnetic type
for generating electricity.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for
miscellaneous transistor or electron tube nonlinear
circuits.
330, Amplifiers, subclasses 250+ for linear amplifiers
utilizing solid state active elements.
336, Inductor Devices, subclasses 155+ for the structure of
inductive regulators with no relatively moving parts, e.g.,
saturable core transformers or inductors.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
435 for liquid state, electrolytic circuit breaker devices
for converting D. C. to pulses.
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, for
methods of making semiconductor electrical devices.
Subclass:
108
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Oscillators in
which the active element consists of a device of electronic
conducting, semi-conductive material utilizing the current
amplification properties of the material, which device has
three or more electrodes.
(1) Note. If an oscillator system involving an active solid
state device or integrated circuit is claimed, nominally or
in detail, then it is properly classified in Class 331,
whereas if an oscillator system is not claimed or a
subcombination thereof which involves an active solid state
device is claimed, and is not elsewhere classifiable, then
they are properly classified in Class 257.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), appropriate subclasses for active
solid-state devices, including field effect or bipolar
transistors, per se, subclasses 6-8 for Gunn effect
oscillators, and subclasses 446 and 499+ for integrated
circuit devices with electrically isolated components.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for
miscellaneous transistor or electron tube nonlinear
circuits.
330, Amplifiers, subclasses 250+ for linear amplifiers
systems utilizing transistors.
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter
wherein means are provided for adjusting, controlling or
regulating the amplitude of the generated oscillations. The
oscillation amplitude control means may be manually set or
varied or may be controlled automatically responsive to
changes in some condition, such as the amplitude of the
generated oscillations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15 for automatic frequency stabilized oscillators having
amplitude compensation means.
40 for beat frequency oscillators with amplitude control
means.
47 for plural oscillator systems where one oscillator varies
the oscillation amplitude of another oscillator.
62 for oscillators with means to protect the oscillator
against overload.
65 for oscillators whose oscillation amplitude may be
controlled by means responsive to some external physical
condition (e.g., humidity, pressure, temperature).
subclasses 75+ for oscillators combined with an active
element in the output circuit thereof which element may be a
wave shaper or amplitude control means.
106 for oscillators having means for periodically or
repetitiously varying the oscillation amplitude.
subclasses 182+ for oscillators in general provided with
amplitude control or stabilization means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
330, Amplifiers, subclass 290 for linear transistor
amplifiers having d.c. feedback stabilization control means;
subclasses 250+ for linear transistor amplifiers having
signal feedback means; and subclasses 278+ for linear
transistor amplifiers having signal volume level control
means.
Subclass:
110
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter
wherein the frequency determining element of the oscillator
consists of a feedback network of the balanced lattice or
similar type having two pairs of conjugately related
terminals, one pair of terminals being connected to the
output circuit and the other pair of terminals being
connected to the input circuit of the transistor, the
arrangement being such that regeneration (oscillation) occurs
only at the desired frequency, energy at all other
frequencies being attenuated because of degeneration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 138+ for bridge type oscillators in general.
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Oscillators for
generating nonsinusoidol waves which are cyclic in nature and
wherein each cycle consists of a period determined by the
charging time of a capacitor or inductor of the oscillator
followed by a period determined by the discharge time of the
capacitor or inductor through a resistive element of the
oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 129+ for relaxation oscillators of the gaseous
space discharge type.
subclasses 143+ for relaxation oscillators in general not
provided for in a preceding subclass. See also the search
notes appended to subclass 143 as to further fields of search
relating to relaxation oscillators.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnections Systems,
subclasses 401+ for relaxation systems utilizing nonlinear
reactors which systems are not of the free-running type.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for
miscellaneous relaxation circuits and subclasses 185+ for
such circuits which may utilize a stable state circuit.
Subclass:
112
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Oscillators
comprising at least one active element of the transistor
type, a closely-coupled transformer coupling the output
circuit of the transistor to the input circuit in positive
feedback relation and a time constant network in the input
circuit of the transistor, the conduction and relaxation
periods of the oscillator being determined by the impedance
parameters of the transformer and time constant network.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 146+ for blocking oscillators in general.
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Oscillators
which comprise a symmetrical arrangement of a two-stage
resistance coupled transistor amplifier in which the output
of each stage supplies input to the other stage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 144+ for a stable or free running multivibrators
in general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for miscellaneous multivibrators of the
nonfree-running type employing active elements of
ferromagnetic or ferroelectric type.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 185+ for miscellaneous
stable state circuits (e.g., bistable multivibrator).
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Oscillators
wherein at least two transistors of the same or opposite
conductivity type are connected in a symmetrical balanced
circuit arrangement so that their respective input and output
signals are in phase opposition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
100 for push-pull oscillators with parallel wire type
resonators.
102 for push-pull oscillators with coaxial line type
resonators.
159 for crystal oscillators with plural electron tubes
connected in push-pull.
168 for LC oscillators in general having plural electron
tubes connected in push-pull.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclass 595 for miscellaneous
circuits utilizing a push/pull relation.
330, Amplifiers, subclasses 262+ for push-pull transistor
linear amplifiers.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Oscillators in
which the oscillator comprises a two terminal negative
resistance device comprising a transistor connected to a
tuned circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 86+ for magnetron oscillators which may be of
the negative resistance type.
subclasses 126+ for negative resistance oscillators of the
gaseous space discharge type.
subclasses 132+ for negative resistance oscillators in
general not provided for in any preceding subclass. See the
search notes appended to this subclass for negative
resistance devices classified in other classes.
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter
wherein the frequency determining element of the oscillator
is of the electromechanical resonator type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 for electron-coupled plural grid tube oscillators
utilizing piezoelectric crystal oscillation frequency
determining means.
139 for bridge-type oscillators with piezoelectric crystal
in bridge circuit.
subclasses 154+ for oscillators in general utilizing
electromechanical resonator means as the oscillation
frequency determining means.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter
wherein the frequency determining element of the oscillator
is of lumped parameter LC type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
95 for oscillators wherein the LC resonator is of the
butterfly type.
subclasses 96+ for oscillators wherein the resonator is of
the distributed parameter type.
128 wherein a gaseous space discharge device is utilized to
impulse or shock excite an LC circuit.
subclasses 154+ for oscillators having a frequency
determining element of the electromechanical type (e.g.,
tuning fork, magnetostrictive, or piezoelectric vibrator).
subclasses 165+ for shock-excited LC circuits in
general.
subclasses 167+ for LC type oscillators in general.
Subclass:
126
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Oscillators wherein means consisting of a gaseous space
discharge device is utilized to control a source of energy
for exciting the frequency determining network of the
oscillator.
(1) Note. A gaseous space discharge device is a device
having at least two electrodes in a gas or vapor medium and
whereby a flow of electricity results between the electrodes
when the gas or vapor is ionized.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable
Electrodes, appropriate subclasses, for systems wherein the
discharge device is the ultimate load of the system and is of
the consumable electrode type (e.g., arc lamp).
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
appropriate subclasses, for systems wherein the gaseous space
discharge device is the ultimate load of the system.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter
wherein the gaseous space discharge device comprises at least
two electrodes usually in an unconfined gas or vapor medium,
the discharge therebetween being of the nature of a sudden
disruptive breakdown of the medium (i.e., spark) as
distinguished from an arc, glow or brush discharges, which
discharges are of much longer duration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable
Electrodes, appropriate subclasses, for systems wherein the
discharge device is of the open arc, consumable electrode
type (e.g., arc lamp) and wherein the device is the ultimate
load of the system.
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclasses 112+ for
electronic tube current conversion systems (D.C.-A.C.,
A.C.-D.C.) of the open arc device (e.g., spark gap) type, and
subclasses 166+ for frequency conversion systems utilizing an
open arc device.
Subclass:
128
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter
wherein the gaseous space discharge device is utilized to
impulse a resonant circuit of the lumped LC type, which
current is then permitted to oscillate freely at its natural
frequency.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 79+ for beam tube oscillators wherein an
electron beam may shock-excite a resonant circuit.
subclasses 165+ for shock-excited resonant circuits in
general, not classifiable in any preceding subclass.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Oscillators for
generating nonsinusoidal waves which are cyclic in nature and
wherein each cycle consists of a period determined by the
charging time of a capacitor or inductor of the oscillator
followed by a period determined by the discharging time of
the capacitor or inductor through a resistor element, the
means for controlling the charge or discharge of the
capacitor or inductor being of the gaseous space discharge
type of the oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 111+ for relaxation oscillators utilizing
transistors.
subclasses 143+ for relaxation oscillators not provided for
in any preceding subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for relaxation systems utilizing nonlinear
reactors and which are not of the free-running type.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for
miscellaneous relaxation circuits and subclasses 185+ for
such circuits which may utilize a stable state circuit.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Oscillators
wherein the capacitor or inductor charge or discharge means
consists of more than a single gaseous space discharge
device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
113 for mulitivibrators utilizing plural transistors.
subclasses 144+ for multivibrators utilizing plural tubes.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Oscillators
wherein an electron tube or other unilaterally conducting
device is included in the charging circuit or path of the
capacitor or inductor.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Oscillators wherein the oscillator comprises a two-terminal
negative resistance device connected to a tuned circuit, the
absolute magnitude of the negative resistance being less than
the resonant impedance of the tuned circuit.
(1) Note. A negative resistance is a two-terminal device
having a volt-ampere characteristic with negative slope over
the range of voltages or currents wherein it is operative,
that is, an increase in voltage results in a decrease in
current, or vice versa. The term "negative resistance" as
employed herein comprehends devices designated as the
"negative transconductance" type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 86+ for magnetron oscillators which may be of
the negative resistance type.
115 for negative resistance type oscillators of the
transistor type.
subclasses 126+ for oscillators of gaseous space discharge
type which may be of the negative resistance type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclasses 213+
for negative resistance device systems, per se.
Subclass:
133
This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Oscillators
wherein the negative resistance device relies on the
phenomenon of secondary emission to produce the negative
resistance effect. Usually the negative resistance device is
of the dynatron type wherein the screen grid of a tetrode is
biased more positively than the anode thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
89 for magnetron oscillators with a secondary emissive
electrode.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclasses 103+
for the structure of secondary emitter type discharge
devices.
329, Demodulators, particularly subclass 368 for an
amplitude demodulator using an electron discharge device
having three or more electrodes.
Subclass:
134
This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Oscillators
wherein the negative resistance device comprises a multigrid
tube employing a retarding field to produce negative
transconductance between two grids of the tube, which grids
are usually coupled by a capacitor or a bias source.
Subclass:
135
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Oscillators systems comprising a feedback amplifier having a
predetermined phase shift between the input and output
voltages thereof, the feedback path including a passive phase
shifting network for providing a phase shift of such amount
to cause the oscillator system to generate sustained
oscillations.
(1) Note. Oscillator systems in this subclass rely on
achieving proper phase shift between input and output
voltages of the system by a nonresonant passive phase
shifting network to produce oscillations and should be
distinguished from those oscillators, classified elsewhere in
this class, whose frequency is determined by the resonant
properties of an LC type resonator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 212-219 for phase angle control circuits
effective at a single frequency.
332, Modulators, particularly subclass 140 and 142+ for
oscillator systems which may be similar to those classified
in Class 331, subclasses 135+.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclasses 138+
for delay networks, per se, for retarding wave energy a
predetermined period of time over a range of frequencies.
Subclass:
136
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Oscillators
wherein the amplifier and the passive phase shifting network
each have a total phase shift of zero degrees.
Subclass:
137
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Oscillators
wherein the amplifier and the passive phase shifting network
each have a total phase shift other than zero or 360 degrees,
and wherein the passive phase shifting network is of the
ladder-type consisting only of resistive and capacitive
components. Usually the amplifier and the passive phase
shifting network each have a total phase shift of 180
degrees.
Subclass:
138
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Oscillators wherein the frequency determining element of the
oscillator consists of a feedback network of the balanced
lattice or similar type having two pairs of conjugately
related terminals, one pair of terminals being connected to
the output circuit and the other pair of terminals being
connected to the input circuit of the active element of the
oscillator, the arrangement being such that regeneration
occurs only at a desired frequency, energy at all other
frequencies being attenuated due to degeneration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
110 for transistor oscillators utilizing a bridge-type
frequency determining network.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclass 365 for bridge networks of general application.
332, Modulators, subclass 172 for amplitude modulation
systems utilizing bridge networks.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclasses 117+
for hybrid networks for connecting two or more circuits in
conjugate relation, subclasses 169+ for wave filters of the
lattice type, and subclasses 170+ for wave filters of the
bridged-T type.
Subclass:
139
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Oscillators
wherein the feedback network includes a piezoelectric crystal
for determining the generated frequency of the oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
116 for crystal controlled transistor type oscillators.
subclasses 158+ for crystal controlled oscillators in
general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclasses 311+
for piezoelectric devices and systems not elsewhere
classified, and note under SEARCH CLASS of Class 310 subclass
311, the extensive list of classes relating to piezoelectric
crystals and systems utilizing crystals.
332, Modulators, particularly subclasses 139+ for frequency
modulators utilizing piezoelectric crystals.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 30 for
delay networks, and subclass 72 for filter networks utilizing
piezoelectric crystals.
Subclass:
140
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Oscillators
wherein the feedback network includes only capacitance and
resistance elements or inductance and resistance elements for
determining the generated frequency of the oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 111+ for transistor relaxation oscillators
utilizing RC or RL timing networks.
subclasses 129+ for gas tube relaxation oscillators
utilizing RC or RL timing networks.
137 for phase shift oscillators with RC ladder type phase
shift network.
143 for relaxation oscillators in general utilizing RC or RL
timing networks.
Subclass:
141
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Oscillators
wherein the feedback network lattice comprises two pure
resistance arms and two impedance arms, one impedance arm
including a series-connected capacitor and resistor and the
other impedance arm including a parallel-connected capacitor
and resistor, positive feedback being obtained through the
impedance arms and negative feedback through the pure
resistance arms. These oscillators are generally known as
Wien bridge type.
Subclass:
142
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Oscillators
wherein the feedback network comprises two T networks
connected in parallel, one T network consisting of two
resistors in series with a capacitor connected to the common
connection of the resistor, the other T network consisting of
two capacitors in series with a resistor connected to the
common connection of the capacitors.
Subclass:
143
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Oscillators for generating nonsinusoidal waves which are
cyclic in nature and wherein each cycle consists of a period
determined by the charging time of a capacitor or inductor
followed by a period determined by the discharging time of
the capacitor or inductor through a resistive element.
(1) Note. Relaxation oscillators to be classified herein
must be free-running. Nonfree-running relaxation oscillators
are classified in Class 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical
Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 20+ for relaxation oscillators of the television
synchronized type involving automatic frequency control.
59 for an oscillator which may be converted from one type of
oscillator to another, e.g., sinusoidal oscillator to
relaxation oscillator.
61 for single oscillators for producing plural outputs
simultaneously which outputs are of diverse wave form, e.g.,
sine wave and square wave.
78 for electrical noise or random frequency generators.
subclasses 111+ for relaxation oscillators of the
transistor type.
subclasses 129+ for relaxation oscillators utilizing
gaseous space discharge devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for nonlinear reactor type and subclass 132
for free-running electromagnetic circuit maker and breaker
type pulse producers.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for
miscellaneous relaxation circuits and subclasses 185+ for
such circuits which may utilize a stable state circuit.
Subclass:
144
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter,
wherein the relaxation oscillator comprises at least two
discharge paths of the active element type, the output of
each being coupled to the input of the other, at least one of
the couplings including a resistance-capacitance or
resistance-inductance network, the arrangement being such
that the two discharge paths are caused to be actuated
cyclically, the time constant of the network determining the
fundamental frequency of the oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
113 for a stable or free-running multivibrators of the
transistor type.
130 for plural gas tube relaxation oscillators which may be
of the a stable multivibrator type.
subclasses 159+ for crystal oscillators of the plural tube
type wherein the tubes may be alternately conductive (e.g.,
push-pull oscillator).
168 for plural tube LC oscillators of the push-pull type.
Subclass:
145
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter
wherein the multivibrator includes an additional network for
coupling to the oscillator a source, usually periodic of
synchronizing or triggering potential to drive or lock the
period of the freely running multivibrator to the period of
the source or to some multiple or submultiple thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 18+ for oscillators of the automatic frequency
controlled type wherein the oscillator frequency is
synchronized with a standard or reference frequency source.
41 for beat frequency oscillators that are locked to or
synchronized with a standard or reference frequency.
55 for plural oscillators which are synchronized relative to
each other or to another source.
87 for magnetron type oscillators with means to pulse the
oscillator.
149 for blocking oscillators with sync, trigger or pulsing
circuit.
153 for relaxation oscillators in general with
synchronizing, triggering or pulsing circuit.
subclasses 172+ for oscillators in general with
synchronizing, triggering or pulsing means.
Subclass:
146
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter
wherein the relaxation oscillator comprises at least one
active element, a closely-coupled transformer coupling the
output circuit of the active element to the input circuit in
positive feedback relation and a time constant network in the
input circuit of the active element, the conduction and
relaxation periods of the oscillator being determined by the
impedance parameters of the transformer and time constant
network.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
106 for oscillators for producing periodic pulses of
oscillations of varying amplitude and frequency.
112 for blocking oscillators of the transistor type.
173 for oscillators in general of the self-pulsed type for
producing periodic bursts or pulses of oscillatory energy.
Subclass:
147
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter
wherein the active element of the oscillator comprises a
plural grid tube.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for electron coupled oscillators utilizing plural grid
tubes.
subclasses 73+ for crystal oscillators utilizing plural
grid tubes.
144 for multivibrators utilizing plural grid tubes.
subclasses 152+ for relaxation oscillators in general
utilizing plural grid tubes, e.g., phantastron type.
Subclass:
148
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter
wherein the closely coupled transformer includes three or
more windings effectively connected in the oscillator
circuit.
Subclass:
149
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter
wherein the blocking oscillator includes an additional
network for coupling to the oscillator a periodic source of
synchronizing or triggering potential to drive or lock the
period of the freely-running oscillator to the period of the
source or to some multiple or submultiple thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 18+ for oscillators of the automatic frequency
stabilized type synchronized with respect to a standard or
reference frequency source.
55 for plural oscillators which are synchronized relative to
each other or to another source.
87 for magnetron type oscillators with means to pulse the
oscillator.
145 for multivibrators with synchronizing triggering or
pulsing circuit.
153 for relaxation oscillators in general with synchronizing
triggering or pulsing circuit.
172 for oscillators in general with synchronizing,
triggering or pulsing means.
Subclass:
150
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter
wherein the relaxation oscillator output circuit is connected
to another discharge device circuit. By way of example the
other discharge device circuit may include a capacitor, the
charging or discharging of the capacitor generating a
repetitive time base in accordance with the pulsations of the
relaxation oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
46 for plural oscillators connected in series-parallel.
subclasses 50+ for plural oscillators connected in cascade
or series.
subclasses 75+ for oscillators with an active element
connected to the output thereof.
Subclass:
151
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter
wherein the relaxation oscillator includes a resonant circuit
or a transformer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 146+ for blocking oscillators utilizing a
closely coupled transformer.
Subclass:
152
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter
wherein the relaxation oscillator includes a multi-grid
discharge device in the capacitor circuit for controlling the
charge on the capacitor of the time constant network of the
oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 for crystal oscillators utilizing plural grid tubes.
subclasses 132+ for negative resistance or negative
transconductance oscillators utilizing plural grid tubes.
143 for relaxation oscillators utilizing a secondary
emission discharge device of the plural grid type.
147 for blocking oscillators utilizing plural grid tubes.
Subclass:
153
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter
wherein the relaxation oscillator includes an additional
network for coupling to the oscillator a source, usually
periodic, of synchronizing triggering or pulsing potential to
drive or lock the period of the freely-running oscillator to
the period of the source or to some multiple or submultiple
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 18+ for oscillators of the automatic frequency
controlled type wherein the oscillator is synchronized with a
standard or reference frequency source.
55 for plural oscillators which are synchronized relative to
each other or to another source.
87 for magnetron type oscillators with means to pulse the
oscillator.
145 for multivibrators with a synchronizing, triggering or
pulsing circuit.
149 for blocking oscillators with synchronizing, triggering
or pulsing circuit.
172 for oscillators in general with synchronizing,
triggering or pulsing means.
Subclass:
154
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Oscillators wherein the frequency of the oscillator is
determined by the mechanical period of vibration or
oscillation of an electrically driven material body, the
material body constituting a mechanical resonator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for automatic frequency stabilized oscillators wherein the
phenomenon of molecular resonance is utilized to control the
oscillator frequency.
78 for electrical noise or random wave generators which
utilize the random translatory motions of charged particles
for generating fortuitously related waves.
94 for molecular or particle resonant type oscillators
(e.g., maser).
116 for electromechanical resonator controlled transistor
oscillators.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclasses 15+
for the structure of reciprocating motors.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 114 for
vibration producing motor systems, and subclasses 119+ for
reciprocating motor systems.
330, Amplifiers, subclass 94 and 109 for linear amplifier
systems having frequency responsive means in a feedback path
which may be of the electromechanical resonator type;
subclass 174 for linear amplifier systems which have an
electromechanical transducer means in the signal coupling
means of the amplifier.
332, Modulators, particularly subclasses 139+ for frequency
modulators utilizing an electromechanical resonant element.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclasses 148+
for delay networks of the electromechanical transducer type,
and subclasses 186+ for wave filters of the electromechanical
transducer type.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave System and
Devices, subclasses 141+ for underwater transducers of the
electromechanical type.
Subclass:
155
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Subject matter
wherein the mechanical resonator is coupled to the oscillator
system by: (1) an electrooptical transducer, (2) a
piezoelectric transducer, or (3) an electroacoustic
transducer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 158+ for oscillators wherein the piezoelectric
crystal constitutes the frequency determining element of the
oscillator.
Subclass:
156
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Oscillators
wherein the resonator consists of an elongated member which
vibrates transversely to its longitudinal dimension relative
to a fixed point or points of support.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 25
for the structure of vibrating reed type electric motors.
Subclass:
157
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Oscillators
wherein the resonator consists of a member of ferromagnetic
composition having magnetostrictive properties and whose
period of vibration or oscillation is due to the changes in
dimensions produced by the effect of an impressed alternating
magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 26
for the structure of reciprocating motors of the
magnetostrictive type.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 118 for
magnetostrictive motor systems.
367, Communication, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems And
Devices, appropriate subclasses for underwater transducers of
the magnetostrictive type.
Subclass:
158
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Subject matter
wherein the frequency determining electrically driven
material body is a crystal exhibiting the piezoelectric
effect. Examples of such crystals are quartz, Rochelle salt,
tourmaline or other crystal classes which do not possess a
center of symmetry and wherein deformation of the crystal is
proportional to the first power of the imposed electric
field, the direction of deformation referring upon reversal
of the field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for crystal oscillators provided with means to control
the crystal temperature.
73 for crystal oscillators of the electron-coupled type.
139 for crystal oscillators of the bridge type.
155 for oscillators wherein a piezo crystal drives or is
driven by the electromechanical resonator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclasses 311+
for piezoelectric transducers in general.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 116 for
nonmagnetic motor systems which includes piezoelectric motor
control systems.
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 2 for
nonmagnetic generator systems including piezoelectric type
generators.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 56 for
piezoelectric crystal testing.
332, Modulators, subclass 26 for phase or frequency
modulators utilizing an electromechanical resonant element
which may be of the piezoelectric type.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclasses 148+
for wave delay networks that may include piezoelectric
elements, and subclasses 187+ for electric wave filters
utilizing piezoelectric crystals.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, subclasses 157+ for underwater vibration
transducers of the piezoelectric type.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclass 144
for a piezoelectric phonograph pickup.
Subclass:
159
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Subject matter
wherein the oscillator includes at least two active elements
as necessary elements of the oscillator circuit. By way of
example, crystal oscillators with push-pull connected tubes
are in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for oscillators having a polyphase output and utilizing
two or more tubes as active elements thereof.
100 for push-pull oscillators with parallel wire resonator.
102 for push-pull oscillators with coaxial line resonator.
114 for push-pull oscillators utilizing two or more
transistors.
130 for relaxation oscillators utilizing plural gas tubes.
144 for multivibrators utilizing plural tubes.
subclasses 168+ for LC oscillators in general utilizing
plural tubes.
Subclass:
160
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Subject matter
wherein impedance means or automatic switching means are
associated with the crystal to divert excessive currents away
from the crystal or for sensing excessive currents through
the crystal, or overvoltage across the crystal, to
effectively by pass or disable the crystal circuit or to
disconnect the crystal from the oscillator circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 62+ for oscillator systems combined with means
to protect the oscillator from damage caused by undesired
changes in load current, voltage, temperature or humidity.
183 for oscillator systems having means to automatically
control the amplitude of the generated oscillations.
Subclass:
161
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Subject matter
wherein means are provided for effectively removing the
crystal from the oscillator circuit and for effectively
substituting another crystal therefor. Usually, but not
necessarily, the crystals are selectively connected and
disconnected from the oscillator circuit by an electrical
circuit maker and breaker.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40 for beat frequency oscillators wherein the frequency may
be controlled by selectively substituting piezoelectric
crystals.
49 for plural oscillator systems provided with means for
selectively connecting one or more of two or more oscillators
to a common output circuit.
179 for step-frequency change oscillator frequency adjusting
means in general wherein LC circuits resonant at different
frequencies may be interchangeably connected in the
oscillator circuit.
Subclass:
162
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Subject matter
wherein two or more separate crystals are effectively
connected in circuit with the active element of the
oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40 for plural oscillator systems of the beat frequency type
that may include plural crystal oscillators.
subclasses 161+ for crystal oscillators wherein means are
provided for substituting at least one crystal for another
crystal in the oscillator circuit.
163 for crystal oscillators wherein a single crystal having
three or more electrodes so connected in the oscillator
circuit as to present at least two separate resonant paths
therein.
Subclass:
163
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Subject matter
wherein the crystal has three or more electrodes for
establishing two or more separate resonant paths through the
crystal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for single beat frequency oscillators of the crystal
controlled type which utilize single crystals of the plural
resonant path type and wherein each path may be resonant to a
different frequency the two frequencies being beat together
in the active element of the oscillator.
162 for crystal oscillators having plural separate crystals
in circuit.
Subclass:
164
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Subject matter
wherein the crystal is effectively coupled between the anode
or output electrode and the grid or control electrode of the
active element of the oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 170+ for LC type oscillators wherein a resonant
circuit of the lumped circuit type is connected between the
anode and cathode electrodes of the active element of the
oscillator.
Subclass:
165
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Systems
wherein means is provided for applying an electrical impulse
to a resonant circuit which circuit is then permitted to
oscillate freely at its natural frequency.
(1) Note. Systems utilizing an active element and a
feed-back circuit to sustain forced oscillations are not
considered shock-excited systems for classification herein,
but will be found elsewhere in this class, e.g.,
miscellaneous L-C oscillators of the active element type are
classified in subclasses 167+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 79+ for beam tube oscillators wherein a
sweeping, or modulated or bunched beam of charged particles
may shock excite a resonator.
128 for systems wherein a gaseous space discharge device is
utilized to shock-excite a resonant circuit.
Subclass:
166
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Shock excited
resonant circuits wherein a space discharge device having a
control electrode is utilized as a switching means to control
the electrical energy supplied to the resonant circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for shock-excited resonant circuits wherein the active
element is a beam tube of the beam sweeping or deflecting
type.
Subclass:
167
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Oscillators of the active element type wherein the frequency
of oscillation is determined by an inductance-capacitance
circuit of the lumped element type and which oscillators are
not provided for in any of the preceding subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
95 for oscillators utilizing butterfly resonators.
96 for oscillators utilizing distributed parameter
resonators.
128 for gas tube means to shock-excite an LC circuit.
subclasses 154+ for oscillators utilizing electromechanical
resonators.
subclasses 165+ for systems wherein the resonator is
shock-excited.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclasses 219+
for distributed parameter resonators, per se.
334, Tuners, appropriate subclasses for tuned networks for
use in wave energy apparatus and comprising inductance and
capacitance elements in circuit arrangement to form a
resonant circuit and in which structure is provided for
adjusting one or both of these elements for changing the
means resonant frequency of the circuit.
Subclass:
168
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter
wherein the oscillator system includes two or more active
elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
100 for parallel wire resonator oscillators of the push-pull
type.
102 for coaxial or shielded line resonator oscillators of
the push-pull type.
113 for plural transistor oscillators of the multivibrator
type.
130 for plural gas tube relaxation oscillators.
144 for plural tube multivibrators.
159 for plural tube crystal oscillators.
Subclass:
169
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter
wherein the inductance-capacitance circuit is effectively
coupled or connected between the output electrode (anode) and
the common electrode (cathode) of the active element.
Subclass:
170
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter
wherein the inductance-capacitance circuit is effectively
coupled or connected between the output electrode (anode) and
the input electrode (grid) of the active element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
164 for crystal oscillators with anode to grid connected
crystal circuit.
Subclass:
171
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter
wherein the inductance-capacitance circuit is effectively
coupled or connected between the control electrode (grid) and
the common electrode (cathode) of the active element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
164 for crystal oscillators with crystal circuit connected
between grid and cathode.
Subclass:
172
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Oscillators wherein (1) means are provided for maintaining a
predetermined phase or frequency relationship between two
sources of waves, one source being an excitation or standard
source (snyc source) and the other source being the
controlled oscillator, or (2) means are provided to initiate
or stop oscillation of the oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 20+ for automatic frequency stabilized
oscillators of the T.V. sync type.
55 for plural oscillator systems wherein at least one
oscillator is synchronized, triggered or pulsed.
87 for magnetron type oscillators with pulsing means.
145 for multivibrators with sync, trigger, or pulsing
means.
149 for blocking oscillators with sync, trigger, or pulsing
means.
153 for relaxation oscillators is general with sync, trigger
or pulsing means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclasses 536+ for synchronizing systems
peculiar to the television art and having means to control
the oscillator.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, subclasses 354+ for
synchronizing systems peculiar to the telegraph.
Subclass:
173
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Oscillators
wherein means are provided to initiate or stop oscillation of
the oscillator.
Subclass:
174
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Oscillators
wherein means are provided to stop or quench the generation
of oscillations by the oscillator by internal action of the
oscillator.
Subclass:
175
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein means are provided in the oscillator circuit
to prevent or compensate for undesirable drift or change in
oscillator frequency caused by changes in oscillator
frequency such as by changes in (1) space discharge device
characteristics, (2) circuit parameters, or (3) supply or
bias voltages, or any combination of (1), (2) or (3).
(1) Note. This subclass does not provide for oscillators
with automatic frequency stabilization wherein means are
provided for sensing or detecting an undesired change in
oscillator frequency, developing a control or error voltage
proportional to such change and applying the control or error
voltage to means for adjusting a frequency determining means
of the oscillator in such a sense as to bring the oscillator
back on frequency. For such subject matter search subclasses
1+ above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 1+ for automatic frequency stabilized
oscillators. See also (1) Note above.
41 for beat frequency oscillator systems with frequency
stabilization means.
88 for magnetron type oscillators with frequency
stabilization means.
Subclass:
176
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Subject matter
wherein the oscillator circuit or structure is modified by
the addition of a current or temperature responsive element
thereto to compensate for the undesirable drift in oscillator
frequency caused by the effect of current flow on the circuit
parameters or that due to temperature changes (internal or
ambient).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 for an oscillator with outer casing or housing and
including a temperature modifier, which modifier may act to
stabilize the oscillator frequency with changes in ambient
temperature.
70 for an oscillator provided with means for modifying or
controlling the temperature of the oscillator or elements
thereof.
Subclass:
177
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Oscillators having means for setting or controlling the
frequency of the generated wave oscillator by varying a
frequency determining element or elements of the oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16 for automatic frequency stabilized oscillators with means
to compensate or correct for undesired affects when tuning
the oscillator over a range of frequencies.
34 for automatic frequency stabilized oscillators with
particular tuning or frequency adjusting means.
40 for beat frequency oscillator systems with frequency
control means.
48 for plural oscillator systems with frequency adjusting
means for at least one oscillator.
90 for magnetron type oscillators with frequency adjustment
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclasses 235+
for tunable distributed parameter resonators.
334, Tuners, appropriate subclasses for tuned networks for
use in wave energy apparatus and comprising inductance and
capacitance elements in circuit arrangement to form a
resonant circuit and in which structure is provided for
adjusting one or both of these elements for changing the
means resonant frequency of the circuit.
455, Telecommunications, subclass 196.1 for radio receivers
with tunable heterodyning oscillator.
Subclass:
178
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Oscillators
wherein means is provided for periodically or continuously
varying the output frequency of the oscillator over a range
of frequencies. The means, for example, may be (1) another
oscillator driving a reactance tube in the frequency
determining circuit of the oscillator whose frequency is
being swept, or (2) a continuously running motor driving a
reactance element in the frequency determining circuit of the
oscillator whose frequency is being swept.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for search sweep of an oscillator automatic frequency
control system.
40 for beat frequency oscillator systems with frequency
sweeping means.
106 for oscillator whose output amplitude varies
periodically or repetitiously and which include frequency
sweeping.
Subclass:
179
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Oscillators
having means for setting or adjusting the output frequency by
discrete increments or steps as distinguished from a
continuous variation of frequency from one frequency to
another desired frequency setting.
(1) Note. The means may be manually operable switches for
switching between tuned oscillatory circuits at will.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
161 for crystal oscillators wherein the frequency of
oscillation is changed by crystal substitution.
Subclass:
180
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Oscillators, in
which the varied frequency determining element consists of an
active element type reactance tube and wherein an adjustable
bias control is provided for varying the effective reactance
of the tube.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36 for reactance tubes utilized as a frequency control means
in an automatic frequency control (osc.) system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
332, Modulators, particularly subclass 140 and 142+ for
frequency modulators using reactance tubes.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclasses 213+
for reactance tube systems, per se.
334, Tuners, subclasses 14+ for tuners which have a
reactance tube type tuning means.
Subclass:
181
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Oscillators in
which the variable frequency controlling element consists of
an inductance device provided with means to vary the
effective inductance of the device. By way of examples, the
inductance device may have a core of variable permeability,
means being provided to vary the permeability of the core and
hence the inductance of the device, or the device may
comprise a metallic member of magnetic or nonmagnetic
material movable within the magnetic field of an inductance
coil to vary the inductance thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36 for automatic frequency stabilized oscillator utilizing a
particular frequency controlling reactance device (e.g.,
saturable inductor).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
appropriate subclasses, for voltage magnitude and phase
control systems in general utilizing adjustable or variable
inductance devices.
336, Inductor Devices, appropriate subclasses, for the
structure for inductors of the adjustable or variable
inductance type.
Subclass:
182
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein means are provided in the oscillator circuit
for adjusting, controlling or regulating the amplitude of the
generated oscillations and not provided for in any preceding
subclass. The oscillation amplitude control means may be
manually set or varied or may be controlled automatically
responsive to changes in some condition, such as the
amplitude of the generated oscillations.
(1) Note. Class 323, Electricity: Power Supply or
Regulation Systems, is the generic place for current or
voltage magnitude control systems in general wherein a single
electrical source is coupled to a single electrical load and
the classes listed under "SEARCH CLASS" of the class
definition and "SEARCH CLASS" under specific subclasses of
Class 323 should be consulted to locate art directed to other
electrical art devices and systems having means to control
current and voltage magnitude therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15 for automatic frequency stabilized oscillators having
amplitude compensation means.
40 for beat frequency oscillators with amplitude control
means.
47 for plural oscillator systems where one oscillator varies
the oscillation amplitude of another oscillator.
62 for oscillators with means to protect the oscillator
against overload.
subclasses 65+ for oscillators whose oscillation amplitude
may be controlled by means responsive to some external
physical condition (e.g., humidity, pressure, temperature).
subclasses 75+ for oscillators combined with an active
element in the output circuit thereof which element may be a
wave shaper or amplitude control means.
106 for oscillators having means for periodically or
repetitiously varying the oscillation amplitude.
108 for transistor oscillators having means to control or
stabilize the oscillation amplitude.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
appropriate subclasses, for current or voltage magnitude
control systems in general wherein a single electrical source
is coupled to a single electrical load (see also (1) Note
above).
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems appropriate subclasses for current or
voltage magnitude control systems in general wherein a
plurality of circuits is coupled to one or more other
circuits (see also (1) Note above).
330, Amplifiers, appropriate subclasses for amplifier systems
having amplitude control or stabilization means, particularly
subclass 96, and 127+.
Subclass:
183
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter
wherein means are provided for automatically controlling the
amplitude of the generated oscillations in response to a
change in some condition.
(1) Note. The variable condition may be the amplitude of
the oscillations generated by the oscillator, a condition
within the oscillator (e.g., such as electrode bias
variations or changes in temperature of the active element or
other components of the oscillator) or some condition
external to the oscillator.
Subclass:
184
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the active element of the oscillator comprises
a discharge device of unconventional and unique construction
not provided in any preceding subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for electrical noise or random wave generator which may
utilize discharge devices of unconventional structure.
subclasses 86+ for oscillators with magnetically controlled
space discharge devices (e.g., magnetron).
subclasses 79+ for beam tube oscillators.
92 for retarding field type oscillators which may utilize
discharge devices of unconventional structure.
94 for molecular or particle resonant type oscillator.
103 for oscillators where tube structure forms inductive
part of the resonant circuit.
104 for transit time oscillators utilizing discharge devices
which may be of unconventional structure.
subclasses 107+ for oscillators utilizing solid state
active elements.
subclasses 126+ for oscillators utilizing gaseous space
discharge devices.
subclasses 132+ for negative resistance or transconductance
type oscillators which may utilize space discharge devices of
unconventional structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, appropriate
subclasses, for particular space discharge device
structures.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
particularly subclasses 3+ for combined cathode-ray tube
and circuit element structure, and subclasses 32+ for
combined discharge device or discharge device temperature
modifying means and electric circuit device structure.
Subclass:
185
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the oscillator includes a source of electrical
energy for supplying power to the oscillator or for supplying
biasing potential to the electrodes of the active element of
the oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for oscillators wherein the source of power is raw
(unrectified) alternating current.
175 for oscillators having means to compensate for drift of
electrode potential of the active element of the oscillator,
where such potential drift would cause an undesired change in
oscillator frequency.
183 for oscillators wherein the amplitude of the generated
oscillations is controlled by adjusting or varying the
biasing potential of a electrode, or electrodes, of the
active element of the oscillator.
Subclass:
186
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter
wherein means are provided for automatically controlling the
amplitude of the current or voltage of the source of
electrical energy in response to some condition.
(1) Note. Usually the control means is responsive to change
in amplitude of the current or voltage being regulated and
acts to restore or maintain the amplitude of the current or
voltage at a predetermined value.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 234-303 for automatic regulators.
Subclass:
187
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter relating to oscillator structures not provided for in
any preceding subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses
679+ for structural arrangements of diverse electronic or
radio type devices not provided for in any other class or in
other subclasses of Class 361.
455, Telecommunications, subclass 899 for miscellaneous
structures of utility in and peculiar to radio apparatus or
systems.
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Last Modified: 6 October 2000