U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
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Classification Index
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(definitions have been obtained from the
Patents ASSIST CD-ROM which
is produced by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Electronic Products Branch)
Class 324
ELECTRICITY: MEASURING AND TESTING
Class Definition:
This is the residual home for all subject matter, not
elsewhere classified, relating to the measuring, testing (or
sensing) of electric properties, (e.g., determining ground
resistivity, determining frequency of an alternating current,
determining kilowatt hour demand), or the measuring, testing
or sensing of nonelectric properties by electric means (e.g.,
determining moisture, a nonelectric property, by measuring
conductance with a resistance bridge; determining speed, a
nonelectric property by use of an electric tachometer).
(1) Note. Measuring and testing have been distinguished as
being quantitative and qualitative, respectively, but in
these definitions the terms are used synonymously.
(2) Note. This class was produced in 1953 by making
official the unofficial digests which had been established by
the Examiners of Class 175 (Division 48) during the period
from about 1905 to 1952, and, in the case of subclasses 76+,
by cursorily revising the unofficial digests which had been
established by the Examiners of Classes 171 and 172 (Division
69) during the period from about 1902 to 1952. A caveat is
given: While it is believed that the titles and definitions
are reasonably correct, no assurance can be given that all of
the patents, issued prior to the date of reclassification,
are in the proper subclass, since only some of the individual
patents were read during the reclassification project.
Consequently, in making a thorough search in this class, it
is advisable to investigate every subclass which may possibly
be pertinent and not, in order to shorten the search, to rely
upon the principle of superiority of subclass subject matter
because of position in schedule, since the principle is
applicable only in classes where each patent has been
analyzed and placed in the schedule in accordance with that
portion of the disclosed subject matter which is claimed.
(3) Note. Measuring and testing requires sensing and
signaling or indicating to exhibit the result of the sensing.
Sensing is synonymous with condition responsive. Sensing
merely detects the presence and/or magnitude of the
condition.
(4) Note. Since many other classes include condition
responsive subclasses, often entitled automatically
responsive or automatic, the search for sensing, in order to
be complete, must extend to the class which relates to the
environment in which the sensing occurs. Some of these
classes are listed below under SEARCH CLASS.
(5) Note. Since Class 324 takes, under the class
definition, only measuring and testing not elsewhere
classified, the search, in order to be complete, must in
appropriate instances extend to the other classes listed
below under SEARCH CLASS.
(6) Note. The combination of the subject matter of this
class (324) and an art environment is generally classified
with the art environment where that environment is
significant, either by virtue of a significant disclosed
relationship or by virtue of a claimed relationship, as where
a test is made of the condition of a portion of a telephone
system without making said portion of the telephone system
unavailable for use. Where the art environment is recited by
name only the combination may be classified, in some
instances, with the art environment, and in others, in this
class (324). For a list of some of the other classes which
contain pertinent subject matter, see the classes referred to
under SEARCH CLASS.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Class 324, subclasses 870.01+ take telemetric-signaling means
useful in transmitting a measured quantity, not limited to
any particular measuring instrument provided for in other
classes, while Class 324 takes such telemetric-signaling
means in combination with a particular measuring means of the
type provided for in Class 324.
LINE BETWEEN CLASS 340 AND CLASS 324
See Class 340, Communications: Electrical, appropriate
subclasses, for subject matter sometimes similar to that in
Class 324. Often, but not invariably, the line between these
two classes is as follows: If the testing system is
permanently associated with the environment being tested, as
in a machine monitoring device or in a burglar alarm,
classification is in Class 340, while if it is temporarily
associated, as in a portable test set, such as used by
linemen, classification is in Class 324. Note particularly
subclasses 870.01+ for telemetering and subclasses 500+ for
signaling, automatically responsive to a condition.
LINE BETWEEN CLASS 429 AND CLASS 324
See Class 429, Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing
Apparatus, Product and Process, subclasses 61+ for automatic
battery control means combined with the battery, and
subclasses 90+ for battery having measuring, testing, and
indicating means. See Class 324, subclasses 20+ and Class
340, subclass 636 for this subject matter.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 25.35 for the electrical
measuring, testing or sensing of piezoelectric crystals
combined with the manufacture thereof, and subclass 25.41 for
the electrical measuring, testing or sensing of condensers
combined with the manufacture thereof.
33, Geometrical Instruments, 125, for the determination of
distance, and subclasses 300+, for magnetic field direction
sensing and indicating.
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for
nonelectrical measuring and testing and for electrical
measuring and testing of the following types: 26 for gas
analysis by electrical thermal determination,. subclass 75
for moisture determination by electrical thermal
conductivity; subclass 760 for stress and strain gages,
subclasses 104+ for surface and cutting edge determination by
sliding pick-up, subclasses 116+ for motor and engine
determinations (i.e., not merely ignition system). subclass
304 for liquid level gages; immersible electrode type;
subclasses 305+for float type, subclass 755 for fluid
pressure (e.g., Pirani type), subclasses 488+ for speed.
100, Presses, subclass 99 for presses having electrical
measuring, testing or sensing means.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
47 for methods of making or joining conductors of indefinite
length.
178, Telegraphy, appropriate subclasses particularly subclass
69, for telegraphy combined with electrical measuring,
testing or sensing.
181, Acoustics, 101, for geophysical or subsurface
exploration involving mechanically transmitting or receiving
sound waves, subclasses 123+ for mechanical sound echo
systems in general, and subclass 125 for mechanical sound
location means.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 400,
for the analytical and testing apparatus related to the
subject matter of that class, and subclass 242 for
electrolytic cells, per se, (e.g., Beckmann cell).
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses
for electrolysis utilized for electrochemistry and especially
775 as the residual home for a process of electrolytic
analysis or testing, per se.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, for the
subject matter of that class even if the basis of the
separation is an electrical determination. Note 127.1 for
electrostatic separation and subclasses 212 and 213+ for
magnetic separators, subclasses 511, 524+, 536, and 576 for
photoelectric assorting.
250, Radiant Energy, 200 for miscellaneous photoelectric
cell circuits, subclass 250 for wave meters for measuring the
wavelength or frequency of radio and microwaves, subclass 281
for methods and apparatus for ionic separation or analysis,
subclasses 302+ for fluorescent and radioactive tracer
methods, subclasses 336.1+ for the detection of invisible
radiation or the examination of material by invisible
radiation using radiant energy responsive electric signalling
means, subclasses 428+ for fluent material containing,
support or transfer means with or without an irradiating
source or radiating fluent material, subclasses 453.11+ for
supports for objects of irradiation, subclasses 458.1+ for
luminophor irradiation, subclasses 472.1+ for nonelectric
invisible radiation detectors, subclasses 493.1+ for radiant
energy generation and sources, subclasses 505.1+ for
radiation controlling means and subclasses 522.1+ for source
supports.
273, Amusement Devices: Games, appropriate subclasses for
games (e.g., pin-ball machines, target range) having
electrical indicators.
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 111 for systems which are nonresponsive to
frequency change and subclass 152 for systems which are
responsive to rate of change.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 10 for
the subject matter of that class with integral temperature
indicators.
314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable
Electrodes, appropriate subclasses (note particularly
subclass 9 ) for the subject matter of that class combined
with measuring, testing or sensing.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
appropriate subclasses (note particularly 129 ) for the
subject matter of that class combined with measuring, testing
or sensing.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate
subclasses for automatically responsive motor systems and
subclass 490 for motor systems having signals, meters,
recorders or testing devices.
320, Electricity: Battery and Condenser Charging and
Discharging, subclass 48 for battery charging and
discharging systems having indicating, signaling and/or
testing means.
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, 17 for the
subject matter of that class automatically responsive to a
condition.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 234-303 for the subject matter of that class
automatically responsive to a condition.
329, Demodulators, for amplitude frequency, phase or pulse
demodulators which may include an indicator.
330, Amplifiers, appropriate subclasses, for amplifiers,
generally, which may be used in electrical measuring and
testing circuits, particularly subclass 2 for amplifier
condition testing or measuring. Where the amplifier is used
merely as a part of an arrangement to measure or test a
condition other than that of the amplifier, itself,
classification is not in Class 330 but in the appropriate
subclass of Class 324.
331, Oscillators, subclass 44 for oscillator systems
provided with frequency calibrating or testing means, and
subclass 64 for oscillator systems provided with indicator,
signal or alarm.
332, Modulators, appropriate subclasses particularly subclass
118 and 150 for the modulators having indicating, observing
and/or signaling means.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, appropriate
subclasses, particularly 2, 14 and 17.1+ for the subject
matter of that class automatically responsive to a
condition.
336, Inductor Devices, 30 for the subject matter of that
class automatically responsive to a condition.
340, Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses, for
subject matter sometimes similar to that in Class 324. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class for a further
discussion of the line)
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, 5 for reflected
and/or otherwise returned radio wave energy wave measuring,
testing and sensing systems, such as RADAR and ponder
systems, and subclasses 350+ for direction finding radio
systems.
346, Recorders, for recorders which record the operation of
machines or workmen. Many of these recorders, especially in
33 record the result of a measurement, test or sensing
operation. Generally, but not invariably, a Class 324
disclosure, when combined with a recorder, is classified in
Class 324.
348, Television, 180 for monitoring, testing, or measuring
television signals or apparatus.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, for measuring and
testing light, materials and articles by means of visible
light particularly 23 for optical stroboscopes, subclasses
27+ for velocity or velocity and height measurements,
subclasses 213+ for photometers, subclasses 237.1+ for
apparatus for flaw detection subclasses 300+ for
spectroscopic examination, subclasses 432+ for light
transmission tests and subclasses 445+ for light reflection
tests.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 1 for
safety systems responsive to an unsafe condition, such as
circuit breaker systems, and subclasses 236+ for speed
responsive electrical systems.
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclass 74, 164 and
165 for the subject matter of that class automatically
responsive to a condition.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
appropriate subclasses for data processing systems or
calculating computers which are utilized for testing,
measuring, or monitoring the operation of an external device
or quantity. The external device or quantity must be only
nominally claimed. Subclass areas relative to electrical
testing and measuring are as follows: subclass 421,
Seismology, subclass 422 for well-logging,; subclass 482 for
Impedance, subclass 483, for Voltage, current or power,
subclass 484 for Frequency, subclass 456 for pulse, subclass
487, Waveform, subclass 489 for Circuit analysis, subclass
490 for Integrated circuit, subclass 527 for Atomic or
nuclear physics; subclass 555 for Particle counting,.
subclass 565 for speed or velocity, subclass 566, for
Acceleration, subclass 569 for Time or time interval,
subclass 571 for Calibration, subclass 574 for Noise
reduction, subclass 576 for Fourier analysis, subclass 579
with control of testing or measuring apparatus, subclass 580
for programmed test conditions, subclass 802 for simulation
of electrical phenomenon,
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, subclass 200
wherein a defective memory device is used to store
information, subclass 201 for specifics of a memory device
which is tested for defects or erroneous information.
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, 155 for
time measuring by clocks having electrical features.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses
for a measurement or test of a thermal quantity, whether
performed electrically or nonelectrically, except for a
measurement or test involving a particle spin determination.
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, 245 for processes or device for testing,
measuring, etc., of a condition of a nuclear reactor during
its operation.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, appropriate
subclasses, particularly 44, 51+ and 70+ for X-ray systems
used in testing.
379, Telephonic Communications, appropriate subclasses,
particularly 1, for telephony combined with electrical
measuring, testing or sensing.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 50 and 105+ for
apparatus for electrical measuring, testing, or sensing
combined with significant chemical reaction or control.
429, Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus,
Product and Process, 61 for automatic battery control means
combined with the battery, and subclasses 90+ for battery
having measuring, testing, and indicating means. (See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class for further
discussion of the line between Class 429 and Class 324.)
434, Education, and Demonstration appropriate subclasses, for
electrical measuring, testing or sensing in combination with
education.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 1 for
processes of electrical measuring, testing, or sensing
combined with significant chemical reaction or control.
439, Electrical Connectors, 488 for a connector having
indicating means or identifying means.
455, Telecommunications, appropriate subclasses for radio
systems having electrical measuring testing or sensing means
for indicating the operative condition of the radio system.
473, Amusement Devices: Games, and its incorporated class
(273, Amusement Devices: Games), for a game device or
apparatus (e.g., a pin-ball machine, target range, aerial
projectile target device, bowling alley apparatus, golfing
apparatus, simulated game apparatus, chance device, etc.)
which may have an electrical indicator.
505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, 150 for high temperature (T[subscrpt]c[end
subscrpt] greater than 30 K) superconducting device, and
particularly subclasses 160+ for measuring or testing system
or device; and subclass 310 for a process of measuring or
testing a superconductive property.
714, Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,
appropriate subclasses for error detection, correction,
recovery or prevention in pulse code data or computers.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
66
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for determining the location of a particular
conductor or for identifying a particular conductor out of
many.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, the
determination of a particular phase of polyphase conductors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
379, Telephonic Communications, 1, for testing devices used
in telephony to identify or locate a particular line.
Subclass:
67
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter
for determining the location of a conductor at a point which
is inaccessible.
(1) Note. The conductor, for example, may be located in a
conduit inside a wall.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
326 for similar subject matter utilized to determine the
location of conductors which are buried in the earth.
Subclass:
71.1
DETERMINING NONELECTRIC PROPERTIES BY MEASURING ELECTRIC
PROPERTIES:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for determining a nonelectric property by
measuring an electric property.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for the determination of a nonelectric property by
measuring capacity.
65 for the determination of a nonelectric property by
measuring resistance.
Subclass:
71.2
Erosion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 71.1. Subject
matter where the nonelectric property measured relates to the
amount of material removed from an object.
Subclass:
71.3
Beam of atomic particles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 71.1. Subject
matter where the property being measured is some
characteristic of a beam of atomic particles.
Subclass:
71.4
Particle counting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 71.1. Subject
matter where the measurement means includes means for
counting particles.
(1) Note. For classification in this subclass there should
be recited significant details in regard to handling or
preparing the particles to be counted.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, 10 for particle counting,
per se, and see also the search notes thereunder.
Subclass:
71.5
Semiconductors for nonelectrical property:
This subclass is indented under subclass 71.1. Subject
matter including semiconductive means for sensing variations
in the nonelectrical property being measured.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, 17 for
methods of making semiconductor electrical devices combined
with measurement of an electrical condition.
Subclass:
71.6
Superconductors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 71.1. Subject
matter where the nonelectric properties being determined are
those of superconductors.
Subclass:
72
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for determining voltage, phase, current,
power, frequency or a related quantity in a specific
environment.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, voltmeters,
per se, in combination with a specific lightning rod.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76 for a measurement of electricity, per se, when not
related to a specific environment. Note particularly
subclass 157 for the measurement of electricity combined with
some other feature. See (3) Note to the definition of
subclass 76 for a statement of the line between subclasses 72
and 76.
Subclass:
72.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter
having a voltage probe.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
119 for volt meters and ammeters having rectifiers in a
probe.
149 for voltmeters and ammeters having a probe.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
439, Electrical Connectors, appropriate subclasses for probe
conductor structure, per se.
Subclass:
73.1
PLURAL, AUTOMATICALLY SEQUENTIAL TESTS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for measuring or determining two or more
electrical characteristics of an electrical circuit or
circuit element, or for measuring or determining a single
electrical characteristic of two or more electrical circuits
or circuit elements, wherein the measurements or
determinations are made one after another without human
intervention.
(1) Note. This subclass is the residual locus of processes
and apparatus which automatically perform sequential tests of
the Class 324 type, none of which tests are provided for by
subclasses preceding this one in the Class 324 schedule.
Similar processes and apparatus in which one of the plural
tests is provided for in a preceding subclass will be found
in that subclass. For example, a patent claiming means for
automatically testing a circuit for an "open circuit" caused
by the failure of a circuit element, followed automatically
by a test to determine the input/output characteristics of
the circuit is classifiable as an "original" in subclasses
500+.
(2) Note. This subclass is the locus of processes and
apparatus for performing, in automatic sequence, two or more
Class 324 type tests which otherwise may be provided for in
subclasses following this one in the Class 324 schedule. For
example, a patent claiming a testing apparatus consisting of
a combination of means to determine frequency, means to
compare phase, and means to permit a human operator to switch
from one means to another is classifiable as an "original" in
subclasses 78+.
(3) Note. Subject matter for performing plural, Class 324
type tests simultaneously but not sequentially will be found
in subclasses determined by the tests, per se.
(4) Note. Electrical characteristics measured by the
subject matter of this subclass type include the response of
a circuit or circuit element to a particular electrical input
and includes such tests to determine the existence of
miswired circuits. For similar subject matter used to detect
the presence of short or open circuits caused by failures in
circuit elements or their interconnections, see the reference
below to subclasses 500+ in the search notes to other
subclasses in this class.
(5) Note. The measurements of this subclass type may result
in either quantitative or qualitative ("go-no-go")
indications.
(6) Note. The automatic, sequential measurement of the
analog responses of a circuit or circuit element to two
different input levels is classifiable in this subclass. The
response of a circuit or circuit element to a pattern of high
and low digital input signals is classifiable in Class 371.
(7) Note. Testing means of this subclass type produce a
distinct indication for each of the plural tests, Hence,
testing means comprising plural transducers or detectors,
each of outputs are combined to produce only on indication is
not classifiable in this subclass unless the whole test is
automatically repeated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
114 for plural tests employing plural meters, which tests
are not automatically sequenced.
115 for plural tests employing plural meter ranges, which
tests are not automatically sequenced.
133 for plural go-no-go tests which are not automatically
sequenced.
140 for testing means having plural inputs, which means does
not include automatic sequencing.
459 for measuring or testing electrical parameters of
printed circuits with an ionizable gas.
500 for plural tests explicitly for the purpose of detecting
failures in circuits or circuit elements consisting of open
or short circuits.
754 for probes, per se, which might be suitable for use with
subject matter of this subclass type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
especially subclass 556, for diverse electrical test used to
classify, separate or sort articles, and subclasses 571+ for
sorting by sensing properties of articles by electrical
testing means.
250, Radiant Energy, 306 for plural sequential tests
involving testing by charged particles, especially subclass
310 for automatic sequential tests of printed circuits using
an electron probe, and subclasses 363+ for automatic
sequential tests of electrical circuits and devices using
radiant energy and invisible-to-visible light converters.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 653 for
electrical alarms responsive to circuits for testing
electrical circuits or components.
382, Image Analysis, appropriate subclasses for automatic,
sequential tests of printed circuits using image comparison.
455, Telecommunications, subclass 115 and 226 for the
testing of radio transmitters and receivers, respectively,
which may include automatic sequential tests.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
108 for testing systems, particularly subclasses 117+ for
testing of circuits, subclass 118 for testing multiple
circuits, and subclass 121 for multiple test instruments.
714, Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,
appropriate subclasses for error detection, correction,
recovery or prevention in pulse code data or computers.
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for testing and calibrating electric meters.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
130 for electric meters, per se, having self-calibrating
features.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 1.01, for the proving or
calibrating of mechanical instruments.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 1 for calibration or
testing of a thermally responsive instrument.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, 85
for calibration or correction system, subclasses 108+ for
testing systems.
Subclass:
75
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Subject matter
in which the testing or calibrating is done by stroboscopic
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
appropriate subclasses, for flashing lamp systems.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 23 for optical
stroboscopes.
Subclass:
76.11
MEASURING, TESTING, OR SENSING ELECTRICITY, PER SE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter relating to the measurement of electric
voltages or currents, or combinations thereof, when said
electric voltages and currents do not occur in a
significantly recited external environment.
(1) Note. Measurement requires sensing and some indication
of the result of the sensing. The indication can be
quantitative, as in a calibrated voltmeter, or qualitative,
as in an uncalibrated cathode-ray oscilloscope or a "hot
line" indicator. No distinction is made in these subclasses
between testing and measuring.
(2) Note. The definition is not limited to subject matter
which indicates the result of the measurement, but covers the
sensing subcombination as well. Such subcombinations, when
disclosed as having utility only in the measurement of this
subclass, are generally classified here, but when disclosed
to a specific art device, are classified in one of the
classes referred to under the search notes.
(3) Note. The recited external environment is significant to
the measurement when there is a disclosed significant
relation or when the claims recite, by more than name only,
more of the environment than is necessary for the performance
of the measurement. When the external environment is not
significant, for example, a meter which indicates the phase
difference between A-C voltages in different circuits, will
be classified in this class even though one of the inputs is
recited as being from a generator and the other as being from
a power system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for this subject matter in combination with a specific
environment. See (3) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for
nonelectrical measuring and testing and for electrical
measuring and testing in combination with non- electrical
measuring and testing. See the proceeding Class 324
definition notes for specific subclasses.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 1 for
cathode-ray tube circuits of general application, including
those for producing a visual grid on the face of the tube for
calibration purposes.
340, Communications: Electrical, 870.01 for telemetering
systems for indicating at a remote point the value of a local
condition. Class 324 provides for significant measuring,
testing, or sensing of electricity, per se, and the
indication of the result, whether by a telemetering system or
otherwise.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses
for measuring and testing light.
362, Illumination, subclass 23 for illuminated dial or
scale, some of which can be used as voltage or current
indicators.
370, Multiplex Communications, 241 for testing (other than
synchronization) of a multiplex communication element.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses
for thermal measuring and testing.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, 224 for measuring and
testing of pulse or digital communications device.
379, Telephonic Communications, 1 for diagnostic testing,
malfunction indication, or electrical condition measurement
of a telephonic communication device.
455, Telecommunications, subclass 115 for measuring and
testing of a transmitter and subclass 226 for measuring and
testing of a receiver in telecommunications.
714, Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,
appropriate subclasses for error detection, correction,
recovery or prevention in pulse code data or computers.
Subclass:
76.12
Analysis of complex waves:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.11. Subject
matter whereby one or more components of a periodic wave made
up of a combination of several frequencies or several sine
waves superimposed on one another has components which are
examined.
(1) Note. Such analysis as is found in this subclass is
usually referred to as Fourier analysis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.39 for the measurement of frequency of a cyclic current
or voltage, per se.
76.77 for the measurement of phase of cyclic voltage or
current.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 861.06 for volume or
rate of flow meters measuring transit time of a tracer or tag
by correlator means.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, 66
for wave form analysis, particularly subclass 77 for Fourier
analysis, subclass 112 for a testing system having sinusoidal
signal stimulus, and subclasses 124+ for signal generation or
waveform shaping.
704, Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics,
Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,
205 for determination of the component frequencies in a
speech signal.
Subclass:
76.13
Amplitude distribution:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.12. Subject
matter comprising means to measure an extent of dispersion of
magnitude variation in the component of the complex wave.
(1) Note. The amplitudes may be statistically analyzed.
Subclass:
76.14
Radiometer (e.g., microwave, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.13. Subject
matter having means that detect and measure radiant energy
either at separate wave lengths or integrated over a broad
wavelength band in the complex wave.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.56 for microwave frequency detection in digital output
used in determining the frequency of cyclic current or
voltage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 250 for the measurement of
radio or microwaves by an absorption wavemeter
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices
(e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), appropriate subclasses for
directive radio wave systems and devices used in
communication.
Subclass:
76.15
With sampler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.13. Subject
matter including a device whose output is a series of
discrete values representative of the values of an input at a
series of points in time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.24 for sampling in a frequency spectrum analyzer.
76.38 for sampling, per se, in analysis of complex waves.
76.42 for sampling by frequency comparison in frequency of
cyclic current or voltage.
76.58 for sampling in digital output by phase comparison.
Subclass:
76.16
With counter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.13. Subject
matter including a device capable of changing stages in a
specified sequence upon receiving appropriate signals.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.48 for counters in digital output by frequency comparison
used to determine the frequency of cyclic current or
voltage.
76.62 for counters in digital output by phase comparison
used to determine the frequency of cyclic current or
voltage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 19 where pulses
are counted in systems for determining the value of some
parameters.
Subclass:
76.17
With integrator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.13. Subject
matter whereby summing of a signal is derived.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, 336 for miscellaneous integrating
circuits.
708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating, 823 for analog integrators, per se.
Subclass:
76.18
With slope detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.13. Subject
matter comprising means to monitor the rise over the run in a
wave.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.25 for slope detection in frequency spectrum analyzers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, 14 for miscellaneous slope detecting
circuits and subclass 170 for slope control of a pulse
waveform.
Subclass:
76.19
Frequency spectrum analyzer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.12. Subject
matter including means that show an energy distribution as a
function of frequency for a given signal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, 76
for frequency spectrum analysis.
Subclass:
76.21
By Fourier analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.19. Subject
matter wherein the energy distribution is taken at discrete
harmonic components, i.e., harmonics, of the given signal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
subclass 77 for Fourier analysis in a waveform measuring
system.
708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating, 823 for analog integrators, per se.
Subclass:
76.22
Real-time spectrum analyzer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.19. Subject
matter including a device which operates with sufficient
speed that the energy distribution is determined within set
timing limits.
Subclass:
76.23
With mixer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.19. Subject
matter including a circuit that generates output frequencies
equal to the sum or difference of two input frequencies.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.43 for plural mixers used in frequency comparison for the
determination of cyclic current or voltage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
455, Telecommunications, 313 for mixers, per se.
Subclass:
76.24
With sampler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.19. Subject
matter including a device whose output is a series of
discrete values representative of the values of an input at a
series of points in time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.15 for sampling used in Amplitude distribution devices.
76.38 for sampling, per se, in analysis of complex waves.
76.42 for sampling by frequency comparison in determination
of frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
76.58 for sampling in digital output by phase comparison in
determination of frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
Subclass:
76.25
With slope detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.19. Subject
matter comprising means to monitor the rise over the run in a
wave.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.18 for slope detection in amplitude distribution.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, 14 for miscellaneous slope detecting
circuits and subclass 170 for slope control of a pulse
waveform.
Subclass:
76.26
Scanning-panoramic receiver:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.19. Subject
matter including a radio receiver that displays, on the
screen of a cathode-ray tube, the presence and relative
strength of all signals within a wide frequency range.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 364 for
cathode- ray tube deflections circuits.
455, Telecommunications, 145 for panoramic display, per se.
Subclass:
76.27
With particular sweep circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.26. Subject
matter including a specific circuit which produces at regular
intervals, an approximately linear, circular, or other
movement of a beam in a cathode-ray tube.
Subclass:
76.28
Digital filter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 77.11. Subject
matter wherein an input signal is operated on by means of
digital circuitry to alter the frequency spectrum of the
input signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.29 for filtering in frequency spectrum analyzers.
76.31 for parallel filters in frequency spectrum analysis.
76.44 for filtering in frequency comparison used to
determine the frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
76.68 for filtering in phase comparison used to determine
the frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, appropriate
subclasses for filters and filtering in wave transmission
lines and networks.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
subclass 17 for filtering or noise removal in a seismic
prospecting system, subclasses 190+ for measured signal
extraction or separation (e.g., filtering).
Subclass:
76.29
With filtering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 77.11. Subject
matter including a network of resistors, inductors, or
capacitors which offers comparatively little opposition to
certain frequencies, while blocking or attenuating other
frequencies.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.44 for filtering in frequency comparison for
determination of the frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
76.68 for filtering in phase comparison for the
determination of the frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, appropriate
subclasses for filters and filtering in wave transmission
lines and networks.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
subclass 17 for filtering or noise removal in a seismic
prospecting system, subclasses 190+ for measured signal
extraction or separation (e.g., filtering).
Subclass:
76.31
Parallel filters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.29. Subject
matter including parallel connected network of resistors,
inductors, or capacitors which offers comparatively little
opposition to certain frequencies, while blocking or
attenuating other frequencies.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.28 for digital filters in frequency spectrum analysis.
76.44 for filtering in frequency comparison used to
determine the frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
76.68 for filtering in phase comparison used to determine
the frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, appropriate
subclasses for filters and filtering in wave transmission
lines and networks.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
subclass 17 for filtering or noise removal in a seismic
prospecting system, subclasses 190+ for measured signal
extraction or separation (e.g., filtering).
Subclass:
76.32
With space discharge device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.31. Subject
matter comprising any device which is intended to have an
electrical current flow between two spaced electrodes, at
least part of the path followed by the discharge being
constituted by a gas, vapor, or vacuum.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.76 for space discharge device in frequency of cyclic
current or voltage devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, for space discharge
devices, per se.
Subclass:
76.33
Correlation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 77.11. Subject
matter including means to measure the similarity of two or
more signals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating, 422 for correlation in electric digital
calculating computers.
Subclass:
76.34
With space discharge device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.33. Subject
matter comprising any device which is intended to have an
electrical current flow between two spaced electrodes, at
least part of the path followed by the discharge being
constituted by a gas, vapor, or vacuum.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.76 for space discharge device in frequency of cyclic
current or voltage devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, for space.
Subclass:
76.35
With delay line:
This subclass is indented under subclass 77.11. Subject
matter comprising a real or artificial transmission line or
equivalent component that slows a signal for a predetermined
length of time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.54 for delay line in phase comparison in frequency of
cyclic current or voltage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, appropriate
subclasses for delay lines in wave transmission lines and
networks.
Subclass:
76.36
With optics:
This subclass is indented under subclass 77.11. Subject
matter comprising lenses, prisms, or mirrors to be used in
the frequency spectrum analyzer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, for optics measuring and
testing, per se.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
appropriate subclasses for optical systems and devices that
may be used in measuring and testing.
Subclass:
76.37
Bragg cell:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.36. Subject
matter comprising acousto-optic means to redirect light by
the method of Bragg diffraction.
Subclass:
76.38
With sampler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.12. Subject
matter including a device whose output is a series of
discrete values representative of the values of an input at a
series of points in time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.15 for sampling in amplitude distribution devices.
76.24 for sampling in a frequency spectrum analyzer.
76.42 for sampling by frequency comparison in frequency of
cyclic current or voltage.
76.58 for sampling in digital output by phase comparison.
Subclass:
76.39
Frequency of cyclic current or voltage (e.g., cyclic counting
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.11. Subject
matter relating to the measuring of the frequency of an
electric voltage or current which fluctuates in a periodic
manner.
(1) Note. Generally, when an intangible electric voltage
measurement occurs in a significant environment (for example,
when the measurement is of the synchronizing frequency in a
communication system) the class which provides for the
environment also provides for the frequency measurement in
that environment. The search should therefore, in appropriate
instances, extend to other classes. An environment recited by
name only is not considered to be significant.
(2) Note. The frequency measurement may be indicated in
various manners, as in terms of frequency error, deviation,
or average frequency over a period of time. The measurement
and indication may be either qualitative or quantitative.
(3) Note. It is impossible to vary the frequency of a
periodically varying voltage without concomitantantly varying
its phase. Consequently, when the frequency changes slowly,
it may be possible to indicate frequency by measuring phase
angle. In those instances the search should extend to
subclasses 76.77+, especially subclass 91, since
synchronization is usually concerned with obtaining a zero
phase angle rather than with obtaining a mere equality of
frequency.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
160 for electrical measuring of speed, for example, the
speed of rotating shafts or bullets, and for measuring the
average frequency of random events, such as the occurrence of
random electrical impulses and for timing means utilized to
electrically determine the time interval between points
spaced in time, when said points are not determined by the
fluctuations of a periodically varying voltage, as when the
points are determined, for example, by a randomly varying
voltage or by the events at a race track.
76.12 for complex wave analysis, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
84, Music, 454 for tuning devices utilized in the tuning of
musical instruments, some of which will measure the frequency
of an unknown sound.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 250 for the measurement of
radio or microwaves by an absorption wavemeter.
329, Demodulators, 311 for pulse demodulators or detectors;
subclasses 315+ for frequency demodulators; and subclasses
345+ for phase demodulators.
331, Oscillators, subclass 44 for oscillators provided with
means or the method for calibrating the oscillator with
respect to its generated frequency and subclass 64 for
oscillators.
332, Modulators, subclass 118 for frequency modulators
having frequency measuring means and for the frequency
meters, per se, when limited to use with modulation.
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices
(e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), appropriate subclasses for
radar systems. Note particularly 104 for such systems (for
example, by measuring the frequency shift due to the doppler
effect) and subclasses 128+ for such systems which utilize
frequency modulated waves.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 236 for
speed sensing and speed controlled systems, such as
synchronizing systems.
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, 15 and
155+ for clocks which serve as standards in frequency
measurements.
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, appropriate subclasses for
frequency of cyclic current or voltage in cycle counters or
cycle counting.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, 75
for frequency analysis, subclass 106 for signal frequency or
phase correction.
Subclass:
76.41
Frequency comparison (e. g., heterodyne, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.39. Subject
matter having means to compare two frequencies with each
other.
(1) Note. The two frequencies are usually, but not
necessarily, sinusoidal.
(2) Note. One frequency, for example, may serve as a time
base for an oscilloscope upon which the other frequency is
displayed, or the two frequencies may be heterodyned to make
a beat which has a mathematically determinable frequency with
respect to the two frequencies.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.77 especially subclass 91, for this subject matter when
the frequency comparison is for synchronizing purposes. See
also (3) Note to subclass 76.39.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 1 for
cathode-ray tube circuits that can be used in frequency
comparison (e.g., oscilloscopes, etc.).
331, Oscillators, for oscillators whose generated frequency
can be varied or which can serve as frequency standards. By
way of example, 37 of Class 331 provides for beat frequency
oscillator systems, and subclass 44 provides for oscillators
with frequency calibration of oscillator.
334, Tuners, appropriate subclasses for tuned networks for
use in wave energy apparatus and comprising inductance and
capacitance elements in circuit arrangement to form a
resonant circuit and in which structure is provided for
adjusting one or both of these elements for changing the mean
resonant frequency of the circuit. Note especially 30 for
tuners combined with resonant indicators.
455, Telecommunications, for this subject matter in
combination with a radio receiving system, particularly 145
for panoramic receivers.
Subclass:
76.42
With sampler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.41. Subject
matter including a device whose output is a series of
discrete values representative of the values of an input at a
series of points in time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.15 for sampling in amplitude distribution devices.
76.24 for sampling in a frequency spectrum analyzer.
76.38 for sampling, per se, in analysis of complex waves
current, or voltage.
76.58 for sampling in digital output by phase comparison.
Subclass:
76.43
With plural mixers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.41. Subject
matter including more than one circuit that generates output
frequencies equal to the sum and the difference of two input
frequencies.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.23 for mixers in frequency spectrum analyzers
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
455, Telecommunications, 313 for mixers, per se.
Subclass:
76.44
With filtering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.41. Subject
matter including a selective network of resistors, inductors,
or capacitors which offers comparatively little opposition to
certain frequencies, while blocking or attenuating other
frequencies.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.28 for digital filters in frequency spectrum analysis.
76.29 for filtering in frequency spectrum analyzer.
76.31 for parallel filters in frequency spectrum analysis.
76.68 for filtering in phase comparison used to determine
the frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
Subclass:
76.45
Bandpass:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.44. Subject
matter that limits the range of frequencies that will be
passed through a device.
Subclass:
76.46
Plural:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.44. Subject
matter including more than one filter.
Subclass:
76.47
Digital output:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.41. Subject
matter comprising an output signal which represents the size
of a stimulus or input signal in the form of a series of
discrete quantities which are coded to represent digits in a
system of numerical notation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.55 for digital output by phase comparison in frequency of
cyclic current or voltage.
76.82 for digital output in phase comparison, per se.
Subclass:
76.48
With counter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.47. Subject
matter including a device capable of changing stages in a
specified sequence upon receiving appropriate signals.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.16 for counters in amplitude distribution devices.
76.62 for plural counters in digital output by phase
comparison.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 19 where pulses
are counted in systems for determining the value of some
parameters.
Subclass:
76.49
Tuned mechanical resonator (e.g., reed, piezocrystal, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.39. Subject
matter having a mechanical resonating system and an
electromechanical transducer to drive the mechanical
resonating system in accordance with the electric voltage or
current.
(1) Note. The mechanical resonator is usually a reed and
its vibration can be visually observed, but it may be a
quartz crystal whose motion is not visible or some other
resonator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, 141 and 186+ for
electromechanical filters utilizing mechanical resonating
systems.
Subclass:
76.51
By tuning (e.g., to resonance, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.39. Subject
matter having circuit which may be adjusted for resonance at
a particular frequency or other predetermined condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.41 for this subject matter in combination with
heterodyning means.
76.49 for this subject matter where the tuned current has a
tuned mechanically resonant element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 250 for this subject matter in
combination with a radio or carrier wave communication
frequency
334, Tuners, appropriate subclasses for tuned networks for
use in wave energy apparatus and comprising inductance and
capacitance elements in circuit arrangement to form a
resonant circuit and in which structure is provided for
adjusting one or both of these elements for changing the mean
resonant frequency of the circuit.
455, Telecommunications, 154.1 for indicator means combined
with frequency selection means in a radio receiver.
Subclass:
76.52
By phase comparison:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.39. Subject
matter having angle relationship means as a part thereof, in
order to perform the frequency measurement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.77 for the phase comparison means, per se.
Subclass:
76.53
With phase lock:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.52. Subject
matter comprising means of making the phase of an oscillator
signal follow exactly the phase of a reference signal.
Subclass:
76.54
With delay line:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.52. Subject
matter comprising a real or artificial transmission line or
equivalent component that slows a signal for a predetermined
length of time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.35 for delay line in frequency spectrum analyzer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, appropriate
subclasses for delay lines in wave transmission lines and
networks.
Subclass:
76.55
Digital output:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.52. Subject
matter comprising an output signal which represents the size
of a stimulus or input signal in the form of a series of
discrete quantities which are coded to represent digits in a
system of numerical notation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.47 for digital output in frequency comparison.
76.82 for digital output in phase comparison, per se.
Subclass:
76.56
With microwave frequency detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.55. Subject
matter comprising means to detect frequencies of 1000mhz
plus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.14 for radiometers in amplitude distribution used in
analysis of complex waves.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 250 for the measurement of
radio or microwaves by an absorption wavemeter.
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and
Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), appropriate
subclasses for directive radio wave systems and devices used
in communication.
Subclass:
76.57
With tone detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.55. Subject
matter comprising means to detect a sound sensation having
pitch.
Subclass:
76.58
With sampler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.55. Subject
matter including a device whose output is a series of
discrete values representative of the values of an input at a
series of points in time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.15 for sampling in amplitude distribution devices.
76.24 for sampling in a frequency spectrum analyzer.
76.38 for sampling used in analysis of complex waves.
76.42 for sampling in frequency comparison used in
determination of frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
Subclass:
76.59
With multiplexing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.55. Subject
matter including a device for simultaneous transmission of
two or more signals in either or both directions over the
same transmission path.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
370, Multiplex Communications, for multiplex communications,
per se.
Subclass:
76.61
With memory:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.55. Subject
matter comprising means to collect and hold information until
it is needed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, for memories,
per se.
Subclass:
76.62
With counter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.55. Subject
matter including devices capable of changing stages in a
specified sequence upon receiving appropriate signals.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.16 for counters in amplitude distribution devices.
76.48 for counters in digital output by frequency comparison
used in determining the frequency of cyclic current or
voltage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 19 where pulses
are counted in systems for determining the value of some
parameters.
Subclass:
76.63
Using register:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.62. Subject
matter including a device in which information is stored in
and serially transferred through a storage medium.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
235, Registers, for mechanical registers, per se.
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, for electrical registers,
per se.
Subclass:
76.64
Plural:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.62. Subject
matter comprising more than one counter.
Subclass:
76.65
With space discharge device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.55. Subject
matter comprising any device which is intended to have an
electrical current flow between two spaced electrodes, at
least part of the path followed by the discharge being
constituted by a gas, vapor, or vacuum.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.76 for space discharge device in frequency of cyclic
current or voltage devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, for space discharge
devices, per se.
Subclass:
76.66
With capacitive energy storage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.52. Subject
matter comprising conductors and dielectrics that store
electrical energy.
Subclass:
76.67
With space discharge device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.66. Subject
matter comprising any device which is intended to have an
electrical current flow between two spaced electrodes, at
least part of the path followed by the discharge being
constituted by a gas, vapor, or vacuum.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.76 for space discharge device in frequency of cyclic
current or voltage devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, for space discharge
devices, per se.
Subclass:
76.68
With filtering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.52. Subject
matter including a network of resistors, inductors, or
capacitors which offers comparatively little opposition to
certain frequencies, while blocking or attenuating other
frequencies.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.28 for digital filters in frequency spectrum analysis.
76.29 for filtering in frequency spectrum analyzer.
76.31 for parallel filters in frequency spectrum analysis.
76.44 for filtering in frequency comparison used to
determine the frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, appropriate
subclasses for filters and filtering in wave transmission
lines and networks.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
subclass 17 for filtering or noise removal in a seismic
prospecting system, subclasses 190+ for measured signal
extraction or separation (e.g., filtering).
Subclass:
76.69
Current output proportional to frequency:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.52. Subject
matter whereby the current is related to the frequency by a
constant.
Subclass:
76.71
Nulling circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.52. Subject
matter comprising a circuit that indicates when current,
voltage, or power is zero.
Subclass:
76.72
Qualitative output:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.52. Subject
matter whereby an output indicates conformance to
specifications of a device.
(1) Note. This is usually a go or no situation.
Subclass:
76.73
With saturable device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.52. Subject
matter comprising a magnetic-core reactor, the reactance of
which is controlled by changing the saturation of the core by
varying a superimposed unidirectional flux.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.75 for inductive sensing used in determining the
frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, 401
for Nonlinear Reactors Systems (e.g., Saturable), per se.
Subclass:
76.74
Deviation measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.52. Subject
matter comprising a device that measures the difference
between the actual and specified values of a quantity.
Subclass:
76.75
Having inductive sensing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.39. Subject
matter comprising detecting means which senses an inductance
or detects the inducing of a voltage through mutual or
electrostatic induction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.73 for a saturable device in by phase comparison used in
determining the frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
200 for devices and methods to sense and indicate the
sensing of a magnetic field, per se.
Subclass:
76.76
With space discharge device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.39. Subject
matter comprising any device which is intended to have an
electrical current flow between two spaced electrodes, at
least part of the path followed by the discharge being
constituted by a gas, vapor, or vacuum.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.65 for space discharge device in digital output by phase
comparison.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, for space discharge
devices, per se.
Subclass:
76.77
Phase comparison (e.g., between cyclic pulse voltage and
sinusoidal current, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.11. Subject
matter relating to the measuring of a phase relationship
between an electric voltage or current which fluctuates in a
periodic manner and another electric voltage or current which
fluctuates in the same manner.
(1) Note. Generally, when the measurement of an intangible
phase relationship occurs in a significant environment (for
example, when the measurement is of the phase difference
between voltages produced by two generators in an electric
generating system) the search is in this class which provides
for the phase measurement in that environment. The search
should therefore, in appropriate instances, extend to other
classes. An environment recited by name only is not
considered to be significant.
(2) Note. The voltage or current usually fluctuates in a
sinusoidal manner, but may fluctuate in any other periodic
manner.
(3) Note. The phase measurement may be indicated in various
manners, as in terms of phase angle, power factor, time lag
or advance, or otherwise. The measurement and indication may
be either quantitative or qualitative (as, for example,
"lead" and "lag").
(4) Note. The two periodic voltages or currents need not be
supplied to the system as inputs. For example, one of these
periodic voltages may be supplied to the system as the
unknown input while the other can be derived from the unknown
input by an averaging process or can be supplied by a stable
oscillator which is part of the system, or it can be supplied
by a mechanically moving standard.
(5) Note. It is impossible to vary the phase of a
periodically fluctuating voltage or current without
concomitantly varying its frequency. Consequently,
especially when phase angles vary rapidly, it may be possible
to indicate phase angle by measuring frequency. In those
instances the search should extend to subclasses 76.39+ of
this class.
(6) Note. One of the voltages or currents may be of a
different type than the other voltage or current; for
example, one may be a sinusoidal voltage while the other may
be a pulse current, or one of the voltages may be a harmonic
of the other voltage and the measurement may be of the phase
relationship between harmonics of the same frequency.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.52 for phase comparison in frequency of cyclic current or
voltage devices.
141 and 142, for watt meters and voltmeters which do not
indicate phase angle but respond to it.
160 for the measurement of phase angle between an electrical
voltage or current and the angular position of a rotating
machine which generates or is supplied by said voltage or
current.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
329, Demodulators, 311 for pulse demodulators using locally
generated oscillations, subclasses 336+ for frequency
demodulator employing phase shift, and subclass 346 for using
locally generated oscillations.
Subclass:
76.78
Quadrature sensing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.77. Subject
matter comprising means to detect the state or condition of
two related periodic functions or two related points
separated by a quarter of a cycle, or 90 electrical degrees.
Subclass:
76.79
Feedback control, electrical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.77. Subject
matter having electrical means to control a return path from
an output terminal to an input terminal of at least one
functional circuit device or circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
330, Amplifiers, appropriate subclasses for feedback, per
se.
Subclass:
76.81
Feedback control, mechanical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.77. Subject
matter having mechanical means to control a return path from
an output terminal to an input terminal of at least one
functional circuit device or circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
330, Amplifiers, appropriate subclasses for feedback, per
se.
Subclass:
76.82
Digital output:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.77. Subject
matter comprising an output signal which represents the size
of a stimulus or input signal in the form of a series of
discrete quantities which are coded to represent digits in a
system of numerical notation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76.47 for digital output in frequency comparison in
frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
76.55 for digital output in by phase comparison in frequency
of cyclic current or voltage.
Subclass:
76.83
Analog output:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.77. Subject
matter having an output quantity which varies smoothly over a
continuous range of values rather than in discrete steps.
Subclass:
77.11
Nonscanning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.19. Subject
matter wherein the frequency components of the spectrum are
acquired simultaneously.
Subclass:
84
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter
having a wave guide.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, 239, for wave
guides, per se. Also consult the search notes to that
subclass for the other classes which make provision for wave
guides.
Subclass:
85
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter
having means to change the frequency of a voltage or current
into another frequency which varies in correspondence
therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 for frequency measuring using zero or countable beat
heterodyne.
82 for the subject matter of this subclass (85) used to
measure frequency.
Subclass:
86
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter
in which one of the electric voltages or currents is obtained
from a polyphase source.
(1) Note. In order that a disclosure be classified in this
subclass, the polyphase source must be significantly related
to the phase measurement. For example, the average phase
angle of three phases of a three phase circuit may be
compared with the phase of a single phase circuit. A
polyphase source which supplies only a single phase voltage
or current to the measuring equipment, without more, is not
significantly related to the phase measurement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 for the measurement of positive, negative and zero
sequence components of a three phase system.
Subclass:
87
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter
having a lamp or space discharge device or nonlinear device.
(1) Note. The lamp and space discharge device of this
subclass are of the type which are classified elsewhere (see
the Search Notes below) The nonlinear device is one whose
voltage-current relationship is significantly nonlinear, as,
for example, a thermistor, contact rectifier, thyrite
resistor, transistor, saturable reactor or nonlinear
condenser.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, See the Class
Definition of Class 313 for lamp and space discharge device
of this subclass (324/87). See (1) Note above.
Subclass:
88
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter
having a cathode ray tube.
(1) Note. The cathode-ray tube usually serves as an
indicator, but not necessarily so.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, 364, for
cathode-ray tubes, per se.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 1 for
cathode- ray tube circuits of general application.
Subclass:
89
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter
having a space discharge device of the discharge control
type.
(1) Note. The discharge may be controlled, for example, by
means of a grid or by means of a magnetic field. The space
discharge device may be of either the vacuum, gas or vapor
type.
Subclass:
90
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter
having an indicating instrument of the type which has a
stator element which produces a magnetic field by means of a
supplied current.
(1) Note. The electrodynamometer instruments usually do not
have a permanent magnetic field, but not necessarily so.
They are, for example, of the ratio-meter type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
144 for the electrodynamometer instrument, per se.
Subclass:
91
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter
for indicating if two voltages or currents are in phase.
(1) Note. The indication may be quantitative or
qualitative, as, for example, "lead" and "lag". The
measurement must be of a phase angle and not of some
unrelated quantity. Thus, for example, a mere voltmeter, even
though designated a "synchroscope", is not classified here
but is classified with the appropriate art.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
84 through 90, for this subject matter where the
synchroscope is of the type set forth in subclasses 84
through 90.
Subclass:
92
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having fluid means as a part thereof.
(1) Note. The fluid means must be significant to the
electrical measurement or to the apparatus used in the
measurement, and may be used, for example, as an expansible
means in a thermal meter, as a lubricant, or as a cooling
means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
155 for meter pivots and bearings.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 861 for fluid rate of flow or
volume meters, 290+ for fluid depth gages, and 700+ for fluid
pressure gages.
137, Fluid Handling, appropriate subclasses, for the subject
matter of that class. Note 123 for syphons, and subclasses
334+ for fluid handling with heating.
Subclass:
93
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter
in which the fluid is electrically conductive and having
means to cause electricity to flow through the fluid.
(1) Note. The fluid is usually mercury, but may be any
other conductive fluid, such as a molten alloy. Herein are
found, inter alia, mercury type ampere hour meters.
Subclass:
94
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Subject matter
in which the fluid is electrolytic and having means to cause
an electrolytic action to take place.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses
for electrolysis utilized for electrochemistry and especially
775 as the residual home for a process of electrolytic
analysis or testing, per se.
252, Compositions, subclass 62.2 for electrolytes utilized
in electrical devices, such as electrolytic condensers and
rectifiers.
Subclass:
95
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having a wave guide or electrically long line.
(1) Note. A cavity resonator is a special case of a wave
guide.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94 for similar subject matter utilized in electrical testing
other than the measuring of electricity, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, 236, for long
lines and wave guides, per se, and consult the class notes of
Class 333 and the subclass definition notes for a definition
of these terms.
Subclass:
96
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
utilizing radiant energy means as a part thereof.
(1) Note. A voltage being measured may, for example, be
applied to an electric light and the luminuous flux produced
by the light may be taken as a measure of the voltage being
measured.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for the
detections of nuclear or invisible radiant energy
particularly 336.1 for invisible radiant energy responsive
electric signalling devices.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, subclass 703 for
antenna combined with structure which tells the magnitude of
the signal energy flowing in, to or from the antenna, a
significant relationship existing between the antenna and the
measuring structure.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 46 for
incandescent standards, and subclasses 213+ for photometers.
Subclass:
97
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter
having means to direct the radiant energy in beams.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, reflection
galvanometers of the mirror type and pointer instruments
having optical means to project an enlarged image of the
pointer onto a scale.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
154 for rotors that are mounted on filar suspensions.
Subclass:
98
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having means for actively bringing a state of balance between
mechanical or electrical forces into existence.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example,
potentiometers in which the potential of an unknown voltage
is balanced against the potential of a standard cell.
(2) Note. The mere passive balancing that occurs in an
instrument such as the D'Arsonval meter, where the spring
restoring torque equals the rotor torque, is not the type of
balancing which is the subject matter of this subclass. But
balancing without deflection, for example, is found here.
Subclass:
99
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter
having automatic means for bringing about the state of
balance.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 560, and the classes
referred to in the search notes to these subclasses for
follow-up electric motor systems, also known as rebalancing
and servo motor systems.
330, Amplifiers, 144 for amplifier systems including
automatically variable impedance in the signal path.
Subclass:
100
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter
in which the result of the balancing operation is recorded.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
113 for similar subject matter not having automatic
balancing means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
346, Recorders, subclass 31 and 32 for this subject matter.
Subclass:
101
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having a Wheatstone bridge and having means to indicate the
current which results because of the unbalance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 for Wheatstone bridges used to measure impedance.
98 for this subject matter having a Wheatstone bridge which
is balanced.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclass 365, for miscellaneous Wheatsone bridge circuits and
consult the search notes to that subclass for a list of the
other classes which have provision for Wheatstone bridges.
330, Amplifiers, subclass 72, 146 and 175, for amplifier
systems wherein series arranged vacuum tubes are in the arms
of a bridge, wherein at least one arm of a Wheatstone bridge,
and wherein there is a Wheatstone bridge in the signal
coupling circuit, respectively.
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
which is responsive to a transient or which is used to
determine some characteristic of a transient or some
characteristic of a portion of a wave form of a cyclic wave.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, the
determination of the complete wave form of a transient, such
as results when a short circuit occurs on a transmission
line.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
100 and 113, for recorders which are equally responsive to
transients and steady state voltages.
103 for peak voltmeters or maximum current ammeters.
121 for cathode ray oscilloscopes which are equally
responsive to steady state and transient voltages.
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having means for indicating the demand for electricity,
averaged over a set period of time, or having means for
indicating the consumption of electricity exceeding a set
minimum or having means for indicating the maximum or minimum
value of the electricity.
(1) Note. The demand may be indicated in various manners,
as by average demand over a period of time larger than the
set period of time, maximum demand, integrated demand, or
otherwise, and may be expressed in terms of watts,
voltamperes or otherwise. The excess consumption may
likewise be expressed in various manners, such as integrated
excess or excess demand.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102 for the measurement of some characteristic of a
transient, other than mere maximum or minimum.
116 for multi-rate registering meters which register at
different rates depending upon demand.
139 for time controlled meters which do not measure demand.
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter
having means whose temperature is varied in accordance with
the electricity being measured and having means, responsive
to said temperature variation for indicating the demand,
excess consumption, maximum, or minimum.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
92 for this subject matter having fluid means, such as
thermal expansion meters.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having means which are significant because of some thermal
relationship.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, cooling
features and means for compensating an instrument for changes
in the ambient temperature. Thermally actuated meters are in
indented subclass 106.
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter
having means whose temperature is varied in accordance with
the electricity being measured and having means, responsive
to said temperature variation, for indicating the result of
the measurement.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, hot wire
ammeters of both the expansion or bimetallic type and the
thermocouple type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
92 for this subject matter having fluid means, such as
thermal fluid expansion meters.
104 for this subject matter for indicating demand, excess,
maximum or minimum.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 100, for thermometers,
per se.
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
responsive to the voltages or currents in a polyphase
system.
(1) Note. A polyphase system is a group of alternating
current circuits, usually interconnected, which enter or
leave a region at more than two points of entry or exit, and
which are so energized that in the steady state the
alternating currents through the point of entry or exit and
the alternating potential differences between them all have
substantially equal periods, but have differences in phase
and may have differences in wave form.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
140 for single phase systems of the three wire type, having
means to measure the energy in such systems. Note that some
of such metering systems are inherently capable of also
measuring polyphase energy. Also consult the search notes to
subclass 140.
Subclass:
108
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter
for measuring the positive, negative or zero sequence of
current of voltage in the polyphase system or responsive to
one of these factors.
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having means for utilizing electrostatic attraction or
repulsion or piezo-electric action in order to respond to the
electricity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 and 83+, for this subject matter when utilized to measure
frequency or compare phase as, for example, in
synchroscopes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 309
for electrostatic motors and subclasses 311+ for
piezo-electric devices and systems, per se.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 271 for
electrostatic condensers, per se.
Subclass:
110
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
for protecting the electric measuring apparatus or for
combating attempts to cause the meter to read inaccurately.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, meters
combined with fuses to protect the meter against accidental
overloads and meters that are provided with special circuit
means to cause the meter to continue to register if the
potential coil is disconnected by a customer of a utility
company who is attempting to defraud the company.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
156 for meters having casings which serve to protect the
meter mechanically.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 659 for
meters having casings and similar structures to protect the
meters mechanically.
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having means to store the electricity which is being
measured.
(1) Note. This subclass relates to storage means, such as
condenser banks, which store the electricity in such a manner
that the original wave form can be recovered, and also
relates to condensers which are used to integrate the
electricity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
178, Telegraphy, subclass 17.5, for telegraph systems having
storage means for temporarily holding signals.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 8.51 for
cathode ray tube systems for accumulating or storing
electrical pulse energy for later retrieval, and subclasses
84.51+ for similar electrical pulse storage systems utilizing
electric space discharge devices of the gaseous type.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, appropriate
subclass for the storage and retrieval of information. This
class excludes the mere storage of control signals.
Subclass:
112
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter
in which the electricity is stored in an extended tape or
wire or in a sheet medium.
(1) Note. This subclass relates to, for example, the
storage of the electricity in a disk, similar to a phonograph
record, and to the storage of the electricity in magnetic
wire or tape.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval, for
magnetic recording or reproducing.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, appropriate
subclass for the storage and retrieval of information. This
class excludes the mere storage of control signals.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, for dynamic
storage of information signals.
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
for recording the result of the measurement of the
electricity.
(1) Note. Many of the Classes have provision for their own
recording systems, consequently, in appropriate instances,
the search for a recorder should extend to the class relating
to the environment in which the recorder might be found.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
346, Recorders, appropriate subclasses, for this same subject
matter. In Class 346 there is no subclass which relates
specifically to the recording of electricity, per se, but the
recorders are classified on the basis of the manner in which
the record is made. Note subclass 150.2 in which an electric
spark is utilized to mark a phenomenal record.
347, Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information, 111 for
electric recorders comprising means for applying electricity
to a medium for recording an image.
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having plural meters.
(1) Note. The meters may be of the same or of different
kinds and may be separated or may be combined to one case.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for single meters which have plural ranges or plural
scales.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 870.41 and 870.15
for telemetering systems having plural receivers or meters.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
660 for switchboards having plural meters.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having plural ranges, plural scales, or plural registration
rates.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
114 for meters having plural scales or plural ranges where
both scales or both ranges are simultaneously usable, (i.e.,
where there are plural meters).
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter
having a register.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, watt hour
meters which register at one rate for an initial period and
then register at a different rate for other periods.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for demand meters, per se, i.e., meters that indicate
purely demand and not some quantity of which demand is but a
factor.
139 for time controlled meters of the registering type which
do not register at plural rates.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having magnetic means in which a significant amount of
saturation occurs during the operation thereof.
(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to metering
systems having magnetic amplifiers and to meters having
saturated pole tips.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclass 249, 302, 310, and 329, for magnetic amplifiers of
the nonlinear type.
330, Amplifiers, subclass 10 for amplifier systems wherein
the active element is a saturable core reactor.
Subclass:
118
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having means to modulate the voltage or current being
measured onto a carrier wave and having further means to
demodulate the resulting modulating carrier wave into a
replica of the original voltage or current.
(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to direct
current voltmeters which measure a very small direct current
voltage which small voltage is amplified in the
modulator-demodulator apparatus so that it is large enough to
actuate a conventional meter.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
329, Demodulators, appropriate subclasses for demodulators,
per se.
330, Amplifiers, subclass 10 for modulator-demodulator
amplifiers, per se.
332, Modulators, appropriate subclasses, for modulators.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having a rectifier.
(1) Note. The rectifier may be used, for example, to change
an alternating current input into a direct current output, or
the rectifier may be used merely as a nonlinear element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, appropriate
subclasses for miscellaneous rectifying systems.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having means to transform the voltage or current to be
measured into a different current or voltage and having means
to measure said different voltage or current.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example, systems
where a DC voltage is changed into an AC voltage which is
measured as an AC voltage, systems wherein the input voltage
is converted into a pulse voltage and systems wherein the
input voltage is converted from one frequency into another
frequency.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118 for this subject matter wherein the input voltage or
current is first modulated and then demodulated.
119 for this subject matter having a rectifier.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 870.01 for telemetering
systems having no significant measuring, testing or sensing
of the condition to be telemetered. Some telemetering
systems utilize current conversion means. Note indented
subclasses 870.19+ for telemetering systems in which the
value of the condition is represented by a pulse code.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having a cathode-ray tube.
(1) Note. The cathode-ray tube may be an indicator as, for
example, a cathode ray oscilloscope or a "magic eye" tube, or
the cathode-ray tube may be a control tube of some type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
88 for this subject matter utilized to measure phase
displacement between two voltages.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, 364, for
cathode-ray tubes, per se.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 1, for
cathode- ray tubes circuits of general application. Note that
Class 315 includes, among its cathode-ray tube systems, those
systems in which an unknown voltage is applied to the
deflecting means of the cathode-ray tube so that the unknown
voltage may be observed. The system is not excluded from
Class 315 unless some means is claimed to enable the desired
information to be derived other than merely observing the
trace of the ray on an unchartered luminous screen.
Subclass:
122
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having a gaseous discharge device.
(1) Note. A gaseous discharge device is defined as being a
device having two spaced electrodes between which electricity
flows and having either gas or vapor in the space between the
electrodes.
(2) Note. This subclass includes, for example, spark gap
volt meters and metering systems using a gaseous discharge
device as a nonlinear impedance.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, 567 for gaseous
discharge devices, per se.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous gas discharge device
systems.
Subclass:
123
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having an amplifier or having a space discharge device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for this subject matter utilizing magnetic saturation
type amplifiers.
121 for this subject matter when the space discharge device
is a cathode-ray tube.
122 for this subject matter when the space discharge device
is a gaseous discharge device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
330, Amplifiers, for amplifiers, per se.
Subclass:
124
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Subject matter
having an inverted amplifier.
(1) Note. An inverted amplifier is defined as one having an
amplification factor which is less than unity. Usually this
is achieved by connecting the input circuit to the plate of a
vacuum tube and taking the output from the grid of a vacuum
tube. The inverted amplifier acts as an attenuating circuit
to couple the meter to the source of voltage or current being
measured.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
330, Amplifiers, subclass 250 for inverted transistor
amplifiers, and subclasses 160+ and 162+ for inverted
amplifiers of the vacuum tube type.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having means to control the mechanical vibrations which
result because of inertia, elasticity, and damping or having
means to control vibrations which arise outside or inside the
measuring means.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, instruments
having "dead beat" characteristics.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for this subject matter having amplifier means with
negative feed back control, for the purpose of controlling
the inertia effects.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 430 for instrument
mechanism dampening, per se, subclasses 514.12+ for fluid or
fluent material dampening of an inertial member in an
acceleration measuring apparatus, and subclass 514.14 for
vibration dampening in an inertial-type acceleration
measuring apparatus.
248, Supports, 560 for resilient supports.
Subclass:
126
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having means for coupling the measuring device to the source
of current or voltage being measured.
(1) Note. Such means, for example, may be an attenuator or
an instrument shunt.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for this subject matter in instruments having plural
ranges.
149 for measuring instruments having mere prods, probes or
other terminal structure without circuit elements other than
conductors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, 24 for coupling
networks, per se.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 49 for electrical
resistors of the shunt type.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter
in which the coupling means is a transformer.
(1) Note. The transformer, for example, may be of the type
having a core which can be opened to admit a current carrying
conductor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for instruments having pole pieces which will admit a
nonunitary input conductor without disconnecting or cutting
said implement conductor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, appropriate subclasses for the
structure of transformers, per se. Of special interest are
subclass 172, for "Fractional turn" type inductive devices
(including transformers), and subclasses 173+ and 175+ which
include current transformers.
Subclass:
128
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter
in which the coupling means is a selective filter.
(1) Note. The filter may be a high pass, low pass or band
pass filter.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, 167, for wave
filters, per se.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having pole piece means so constructed that they will admit
an input conductor without cutting or disconnecting said
conductor.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, "hook on"
ammeters of the type not equipped with an integral
transformer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for similar subject matter utilizing a transformer of
the split core type.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having means for self-calibrating the instrument.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
74 for calibrating means for electric instruments, per se.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
in which the measuring instrument indications are of the
suppressed zero type.
(1) Note. Suppressed zero refers to that condition of
instrument in which the scale reading does not extend from
zero to an upper value but rather from an intermediate value
to an upper value.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
in which the measuring instrument indications are of the
nonlinear type.
(1) Note. The instrument deflection, for example, may be
related to the input current or voltage in a logarithmic
manner.
Subclass:
133
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
for giving a nonquantitative indication.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, polarity
testers and "hot-line" indicators.
(2) Note. A quantitative instrument may be modified into a
nonquantitative instrument by merely omitting the scale.
Consequently, in appropriate instances, the search should
extend to the pertinent quantitative type subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for
similar subject matter. Also see the search note to Class
340 in the class definition of this class (324).
362, Illumination, appropriate subclasses, for electric lamp
luminaries, many of which could be used as nonquantitative
indicators.
Subclass:
134
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having a commutator or having a reversing switch or having a
pulsating switch.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, DC watt hour
meters.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, appropriate
subclasses for the structure of switches, per se.
310, Electric Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate
subclasses, for motors having commutators.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 139 for
relay systems, per se.
Subclass:
135
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Subject matter
having a rotor which oscillates between two positions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 430 for instrument
mechanism dampening, per se, subclasses 514.12+ for fluid or
fluent material dampening of an inertial member in an
acceleration measuring apparatus, and subclass 514.14 for
vibration dampening in an inertial-type acceleration
measuring apparatus.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 36 for
oscillating motors, per se.
Subclass:
136
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having a rolling ball or a rolling wheel.
(1) Note. The ball or wheel are usually part of an
integrating mechanism, but may be part of a speed
transmission.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 121 for area
integrators, per se.
235, Registers, appropriate subclasses, particularly subclass
65, 66 and 68, for calculating devices and machines having
integrating features.
Subclass:
137
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having a rotor upon which torque is exerted by means of an
electo-magnetic field which produces eddy current in the
rotor.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, the familiar
AC integrating watt hour meter. The rotor is often known as
a Ferraris disk.
(2) Note. The rotor in this subclass may rotate
continuously or may rotate through only a certain angle as
determined by the stiffness of a spring which restrains
further rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152 for this subject matter where the eddy current rotor is
merely a drag disk.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 166 for eddy
current motors of general application.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 727 for eddy
current motor systems of general application. Note
particularly indented subclasses 781+, for eddy current
motors which operate from a single phase source.
Subclass:
138
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter
having means to vary the time-phase relationship between two
alternating magnetic fields.
(1) Note. The time-phase relationship, for example, may be
adjusted so as to bring the alternating magnetic fields into
time quadrature, or it may be adjusted so that they are
slightly out of quadrature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
148 for other measuring means having phase shift means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 729 for
power-factor control of induction motor systems including
eddy current motor systems.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 212-219 for phase shifting means, per se.
Subclass:
139
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having rotary motor driving means which rotate constantly,
independently of the electricity being measured, or having
time control means or having means which oscillate.
(1) Note. Time control means may be, for example, a clock
which rotates at a constant speed or an electric synchronous
motor which rotates at a constant speed. Oscillating means
may be means such as an anchor escapement or a stepping
ratchet.
(2) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to
integrating meters wherein an element periodically oscillates
at an amplitude which is determined by the quantity to be
integrated (variable stroke) or at a radius which is
determined by that quantity (variable radius).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for demand, excess, maximum or minimum meters which
provide a final indication of which time is but a factor.
116 for multi-rate registering meters which register at
different rates in accordance with a function of time.
135 for oscillating measuring means in which a pulsating or
reversing switch is associated with the oscillating means.
136 for variable radius type meters which utilize a rolling
ball or wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses, for
ratchet mechanisms.
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, for clocks
and watches. Note 155, for those having electrical
features.
Subclass:
140
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having plural inputs to the measuring means.
(1) Note. A single circuit can furnish plural inputs to the
measuring means, since a single circuit can carry a voltage
and a current independently of each other. Thus, the
indented subclasses contain watt meters and volt-ampere
meters of the type which are not found in subclasses above.
(2) Note. This subclass includes, for example, ratio meters
and summation meters.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
62 for complete resistance measuring systems including, as a
part thereof, ratio meters.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 870.01 for telemetering
systems for indicating at a remote point the value of a local
condition. Note subclasses 870.11+ where the condition at
plural localities is sensed. Note subclasses 870.19+ where
the value of the condition is coded into a pulse type code.
Subclass:
141
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter
for measuring volt amperes.
(1) Note. The volt amperes may be either real or reactive.
Reactive volt amperes are often referred to as volt vars,
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137 for this subject matter having an eddy current rotor.
Subclass:
142
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter
for measuring watts.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example, watt meters
of the dynamometer type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
134 for this subject matter having a commutator or a
reversing or pulsating switch.
137 for this subject matter having an eddy current rotor.
Subclass:
143
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having plural active motor elements.
(1) Note. The plural active motor element may be mounted on
a single shaft to operate a single indicator, or they may be
mounted on two shafts to operate two rotary arms whose
variable point of intersection determines the final
indication.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
114 for plural meters.
115 for a single meter having plural ranges or scales.
Subclass:
144
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having a stationary means to produce a magnetic field by the
flow of electricity through a winding.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example,
electrodynamometer type instruments having only a single
input.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
134 for this subject matter having a rotor with a commutator
or reversing or pulsating switch.
137 for this subject matter having an eddy current rotor.
140 for this subject matter having plural inputs.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 10, for dynamo
electric structure of general application.
Subclass:
145
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter
having a core armature which is attracted by the magnetic
field and which moves, under said attraction, along its own
axis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, 255 for plunger type solenoids, per se.
Subclass:
146
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter
having a permanent magnet.
(1) Note. The permanent magnet may supplement the magnetic
field produced by the electromagnet or it may be acted upon
by the electromagnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
147 for similar subject matter having soft instead of hard
iron.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, 299 for similar subject matter, not
restricted to the measurement of electricity.
Subclass:
147
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter
having an iron rotor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146 for this subject matter where the iron rotor is or
becomes a permanent magnet under any conditions of
operation.
Subclass:
149
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having a probe, a prod or a specific terminal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72.5 for similar subject matter in combination with a high
frequency testing device.
119 for this subject matter having a rectifier in the
probe.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
668 for meter terminal or connector arrangements.
439, Electrical Connectors, appropriate subclasses for an
electrical terminal, per se.
Subclass:
150
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having a rotor which has a coil which is eccentrically
mounted with respect to the axis of the rotor.
(1) Note. The coil, for example, may be of rectangular
shape and the axis of the rotor may correspond with one of
the sides of the rectangle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
140 for this subject matter having plural inputs, as in
ratio-meters.
Subclass:
151
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having a permanent magnet.
(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to D'Arsonval
type instruments and to magnetic suspensions for instrument
rotors.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146 for this subject matter also having a magnetic field
produced by an electromagnet.
171 for similar subject matter not restricted to the
measurement of electricity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 90.5
for a bearing having a magnetic suspension.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, 302 for permanent magnets, per se.
Subclass:
152
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Subject matter
in which the permanent magnet is associated with an eddy
current means and the permanent magnet acts as a drag for the
eddy current means.
(1) Note. The eddy current means usually is a disk rotor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for excess type meters which utilize a hysteresis type
brake (which has a constant counter-torque at all speeds)
having a permanent magnet and for meters in which the torque
on the drag magnet actuates an indicator by movement of the
drag magnet
137 for similar subject matter where an eddy current disk
acts both as a motive element and a drag element.
139 for meters having a rotor which is driven by a constant
torque device and having a brake whose drag is determined by
the electricity to be measured.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 103, for
magnetic field type torque transmitting brakes and clutches.
Subclass:
153
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having a register.
(1) Note. A registering means is herein defined as being a
device which converts a linear or rotational movement into a
number which corresponds to the movement and is a measure
thereof. Generally the register is provided with means for
separately indicating the value of the several digits which
go to make up the number that is a measure of the
indication.
Subclass:
154
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having a rotor.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, rotors
provided with filar suspensions, rotors having means for
setting them to zero, and rotors having means to balance
them.
Subclass:
155
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Subject matter
having significant bearing or pivot structure.
(1) Note. A bearing or pivot is significant when it is
claimed by more than name only or when it is disclosed as
being significant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
151 for magnetic suspensions which decrease friction by
decreasing bearing load.
403 for meters with fluid means, such as lubricating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 90.5
for a bearing having a magnetic suspension.
Subclass:
156
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
having a casing for the instrument.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 431, for this subject
matter.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, for miscellaneous
casings.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 659 for
special meter casings, and subclasses 664+ for meter mounting
arrangements.
Subclass:
157
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
combined with some other type of subject matter.
(1) Note. The meter, for example, may be combined with a
specific type of distribution system.
(2) Note. A meter in a specific environment, generally, but
not invariably, is classified with the specific environment.
Consequently, in appropriate instances, the search should
extend to the class which relates to the environment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for the measurement of electricity in a specific
environment.
116 for multi-rate registering meters which may, for
example, be combined with two load circuits having loads of
different tariff rates.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
appropriate subclasses for systems for distributing
electricity.
Subclass:
158.1
MISCELLANEOUS
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter not provided for in any preceding subclass.
Subclass:
160
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein are provided processes or means to
produce an electrical signal representative of the time rate
of change of position (speed) of a physical element and to
indicate, in response to said signal, said time rate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 178, for navigational speed
measuring devices such as ship's logs, leeway incidence or
rate of climb; subclasses 861+, for volume or rate of flow
meters; subclasses 488+, for mechanical speed measuring
devices and indented subclasses 519.01+, for permanent magnet
type speedometers.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 441 and 446, for
vehicle speed actuated signals and subclasses 670+, for speed
actuated signals and alarms in general.
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and
Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), 104 for radar type
systems which determine the velocity of an object.
346, Recorders, subclass 18, for recorders combined with a
speed indicator or alarm.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 27, for velocity or
velocity/height measuring systems including optical sighting
systems.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
51 and subclasses 236+ for control systems responsive to
speed.
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclass 304 for speed control.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
subclass 141 and 142+ for acceleration and speed measuring
systems, respectively.
Subclass:
161
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter
in which means are provided for comparing one speed signal
with another speed signal or a reference signal.
(1) Note. The comparison means is not necessarily
electrical.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 for comparison of the frequencies of two electrical
signals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 123, for switching systems responsive to the
differential speed between two bodies.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 243 for
the synchronization of rotating shafts which requires a
comparison of the speeds of the shafts. Also consult the
search notes to that subclass for a compilation of other
pertinent classes.
Subclass:
162
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter
including means producing an electrical signal representative
of the time rate of change of speed or a physical object.
(1) Note. This subclass relates to electrical
accelerometers other than, for example, those which sense
acceleration by means of an inertial element.
(2) Note. The means of this subclass may include means
responsive to acceleration, per se, or means responsive to a
speed signal to derive the acceleration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 514.01, for means indicating
acceleration including an inertial element. See (1) Note
above.
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 121, for switching systems responsive to
acceleration.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 669, for
acceleration or deceleration responsive signals or alarms.
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclass 304 for speed control.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
subclass 141 and 142+ for acceleration and speed measuring
system, respectively.
Subclass:
163
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter
in which means for producing a signal representative of speed
includes means to convert mechanical motion into an
electrical signal whose output amplitude is a function of the
speed being measured, and in which the indicating means
measures said amplitude.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
166 for electrical generators of speed signals whose
frequency is a function of the speed being measured.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 10, for
dynamoelectric generator structure.
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, appropriate
subclasses, for single dynamoelectric generator systems.
Subclass:
164
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter
in which the electrical generator includes a conductive,
nonferromagnetic armature whose movement is representative of
the speed being measured, means to induce an electric current
in said armature and means responsive to the current to
indicate the speed of the armature.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 171,
for induction generator structure.
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 47, for
induction generator systems.
Subclass:
165
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter
combined with means to indicate the sense of motion (e.g.,
forward or backward, clockwise or counter clockwise) within a
given path, of the object whose speed is being measured.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 204, for direction
indicators in general which are responsive to some force.
116, Signals and Indicators, 200, for mechanically actuated
shaft rotation indicators.
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 122, for switching systems responsive to direction
of rotation.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 465, for signal
means for automatically indicating the direction of movement
of a vehicle, and subclasses 671+, for signal means for
indicating machine shaft rotation or direction.
Subclass:
166
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter
in which the signal producing means produces a periodic
electrical signal whose frequency is a function of the speed
being measured.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, apparatus in
which an electrical pulse is produced each time the moving
object traverses a fixed increment of distance. The movement
thus sensed may be either linear or angular (e.g., rotary).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for the measurement of the frequency of cyclic electric
currents of voltages.
Subclass:
167
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
including electro-magnetic, indicator driving means energized
by the speed signal to produce a rotating magnetic field
whose rotation is synchronized with the frequency of the
speed signal.
(1) Note. The rotating magnetic field may drive freely
rotating armature or a restrained armature either of which
is, in turn, connected to some means to indicate the speed of
the rotating field and, thus, the object whose speed is being
measured.
Subclass:
168
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
in which the means for producing a signal includes an
electrical circuit breaker actuated at a frequency
representative of the speed being measured.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, 19.01, for
periodically actuated switches.
Subclass:
169
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Subject matter
in which the switch is also a component of an internal
combustion engine ignition system.
Subclass:
170
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Subject matter
wherein the speed measuring means is connected to the
secondary circuit of the ignition system; the voltage
fluctuations of the secondary circuit thereby producing the
speed signal.
Subclass:
171
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Subject matter
combined with means to indicate the distance the object whose
speed is being measured has traveled during the speed
measuring interval.
(1) Note. This subclass includes revolution counters as
well as odometers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 490, for mechanical speed
and distance measuring systems.
Subclass:
172
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
in which means for producing a speed signal includes a
recording medium and means to move it at a speed proportional
to speed being measured.
Subclass:
173
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
in which the means for producing a speed signal included
means producing a magnetic field and further means sensitive
to changes in the field to produce an electrical signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
200 for magnetic detectors and systems therefor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 519.01 for a speed
measuring device using a magnetic drag cup.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 40, for rotary
dynamoelectric generator structure.
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, appropriate
subclasses for single dynamoelectric generator systems.
Subclass:
174
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Subject matter
in which the means for producing a magnetic field includes a
permanent magnet.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 152 for
rotary, dynamoelectric generator structure including
permanent magnets.
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 46, for
single dynamoelectric permanent-magnet generator systems.
Subclass:
175
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
in which means for producing a speed signal includes means
responsive to radiant energy (i.e., electromagnetic or atomic
radiation) to produce or alter an electric current.
Subclass:
176
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter
in which the means for producing the electric speed signal
includes a variable circuit element whose impedance varies as
a function of the position of the object in the path along
which its speed is being measured.
(1) Note. The impedance of the circuit element of this
subclass being a function of displacement, the current
through the element may, for example, be differentiated with
respect to time to produce the speed signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
178 and the subclasses indented thereunder for systems
including an element whose electrical characteristics change
in response to the passage of an object.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 514.39, for apparatus including a
mechanical speed indicating device with electrical means for
sensing its indication, for example, a flyball governor with
electrical means for sensing the radial displacement of the
flyball.
Subclass:
177
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter
in which the means producing an electric speed signal is
responsive to the supply voltage or current of an electric
motor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, and subclass 490,
for electric motors with signals, meters, recorders or
testing devices.
388, Electricity: Motor Control Systems, appropriate
subclasses, together with art collection 928.1, for
running-speed and acceleration control systems for responsive
to terminal electromotive force.
Subclass:
178
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter
wherein the means for producing a speed signal includes means
responsive to the passage (event) of an object past a
plurality spaced locations.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, systems for
measuring the time taken by an object such as projectile or
vehicle to move through a measured distance. The "event"
being the passage of the object past the ends of the measured
distance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
181 for systems for measuring the duration of time
intervals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 167, for apparatus for
testing ordinance and projectiles.
346, Recorders, subclass 38, for recorders actuated
responsive to ordinance.
Subclass:
179
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Subject matter
in which the means responsive to the passage of an object is
sensitive to magnetic field variations caused by passage of
the object through magnetic field.
Subclass:
180
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Subject matter
in which the means responsive to the passage of an object
includes an electrical switch actuated directly by the
object.
(1) Note. The switch of this subclass may be frangible.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, appropriate
subclasses for switches or particular structure or type,
particularly subclass 47, for limit switches adapted to be
actuated by the motion of a machine part, and subclass 61.41,
for stationary switch structure having an actuator responsive
to the passage of a transient object
Subclass:
200
MAGNETIC:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which includes apparatus to sense and indicate
the sensing of a magnetic field and elements or
subcombinations of apparatus to sense and indicate the
sensing of the magnetic field where not elsewhere provided.
(1) Note. Method claims pertaining to the subject matter of
this group of subclasses will be placed with the
corresponding apparatus subclasses.
(2) Note. The term "elements" includes magnetic sensors,
per se, and energized sensors not provided for in another
class.
(3) Note. The apparatus to indicate includes a visible or
latent recording of the result of a magnetic field sensing.
(4) Note. The magnetic field sensed may be a portion of a
magnetic field or a portion of a magnetic field in a
material.
(5) Note. Included in this group of subclasses are: the
measuring or testing of magnetic fields, the measuring,
testing, or sensing of material of metal or nonmetal by means
of magnetic fields for electrical, magnetic, and other
properties of the material, subcombinations of the apparatus
to measure or test magnetic fields or materials by magnetic
fields not provided for elsewhere, magnetic field sensors not
classified elsewhere, supports for material tested by
magnetic fields, and supports for magnetic field sensing
devices.
(6) Note. This is the generic subclass for the location,
identification, or testing of (1) metal ores, (2) unwanted
metals, or (3) the presence of metal in a nonmetal
environment. In these cases the metal is located,
identified, or tested by its interaction with a magnetic
field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for short or open coil tests, the number of coil turns
tests, and coil polarity tests.
55 for transformer properties testing. 300+, for nuclear or
electronic testing. 323+, for geophysical subsurface and
surface testing. 376+, for core sample magnetic orientation
testing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, subclass 450.5 for a metal casting
apparatus including control means influenced by a magnetic
sensor.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass
8 for magnetizing or demagnetizing precedent to a
separation, subclasses 38+ for the combination of a magnetic
separation with another physical separation of a solid from a
solid, subclasses 72+ for the magnetic testing and separation
of objects from other objects, and subclasses 212+ for the
separation of material by magnetic separation.
250, Radiant Energy, 250 for the detection of invisible
electromagnetic energy and the testing of material by
invisible electromagnetic radiation, subclasses 493.1+ for
radiant energy generation and sources, and subclasses 505.1+
for radiation controlling means.
331, Oscillators, subclass 44 for oscillators with frequency
calibration or testing.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antenna, subclass 17.7 for
radar systems with testing or calibrating, and subclass 703
for antennas with means to measure radiated antenna signal
energy.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 33 for the measurement
of distance by light, subclasses 300+ for the examination of
visible light by spectros-copy, subclasses 138+ for angle or
axial alignment testing, subclasses 372+ for mensuration or
configuration comparison, subclasses 401+ for color tests,
and subclasses 213+ for the examination of visible light
generally.
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclass 31 for monitoring or testing the progress of
recording.
455, Telecommunications, 67.1, 115, and 226.1+ for measuring
and testing of communication equipment.
Subclass:
201
Susceptibility:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of a
magnetic field is responsive to a magnetic field modified by
material which has magnetic properties, the indication of the
sensing being directly or indirectly representative of the
ease with which the material can be magnetized.
(1) Note. The ratio of the intensity of magnetization of
the material to the magnetic intensity of the field causing
the magnetization of the material is known as
susceptibility.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204 for apparatus to test gas, liquids, and fluent particles
entrained in a fluid.
228 for apparatus to test materials which require a magnetic
test field including torque magnetometers.
Subclass:
202
Calibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
which includes means to present a known magnetic field to the
apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of the magnetic
field so that the sensing and indication can be noted to see
if the apparatus to sense and indicate gives the correct
response to the sensed known magnetic field.
(1) Note. The known magnetic field may be a magnetic field
of known magnetic intensity and type of wave, or the field
can be a known magnetic field which is modified by a member
whose effect on the field is known.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
74 for testing and calibrating electric meters.
130 for self-calibrating instruments which measure voltage
or current.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 1.01 for proving or calibrating
test instruments.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 252.1 for methods of
calibration or standardization of radiant energy test
devices.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 46 for
electrical lamp circuits forming light standards, and
subclasses 421+ for color charts.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 1 for calibration or
testing of a thermally responsive instrument.
Subclass:
203
Curie point determination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
which includes means to create a magnetic field in which is
placed a heated ferromagnetic material, the apparatus to
sense and indicate being responsive to the magnetic field
modified by the heated material to determine whether the
heated material is at least at or below the critical
temperature at which the heated material loses its
ferromagnetism.
(1) Note. The apparatus to sense and indicate the magnetic
field may be a magnet which functions to pass its magnetic
flux through the material to induce magnetism in the material
if its temperature is below the Curie point of the material
to attract the material to the magnet.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
224 for the temperature control of the test material or an
element of the test circuit.
228 for permanent magnets which locate ferromagnetic
material by inducing magnetism in the material and noting the
relative movement of the permanent magnet to material to be
located.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, particularly 195 for flame cutting or
burning combined with sensing, subclasses 215+ for processes
of carburizing or nitriding of metal combined with sensing or
testing, subclass 240 for testing combined with reactive
coating of metal, or subclasses 508+ for processes of
measuring, testing, or sensing combined with treatment of
solid or semi-solid metal to modify or maintain the internal
physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical
property of metal. If casting, fusion bonding, machining, or
working is combined with the treatment of solid or semi-solid
metal to modify or maintain the internal physical structure
(i.e., microstructure), there is a requirement that there be
significant heat treatment as defined in section III, A, of
the Class 148 definition.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, 209 for magnets and electromagnets.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 597 for a
ferromagnetic temperature sensor in a signalling system; and
subclasses 577 and 600 for ferromagnetic flame and radiation
sensors, respectively, in a signalling system.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 43 for optical
pyrometers.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
158 for temperature indicating instruments with systems for
magnetizing, demagnetizing, or controlling a magnetic field.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 176 for a
thermometer having a ferromagnetic sensor.
Subclass:
204
Fluid material examination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
which includes a magnetic field in which a gas or liquid
material is placed for examination by the magnetic field, the
apparatus to sense and indicate being responsive to the field
modified by the gas or liquid material to give an indication
of some property of the material examined.
(1) Note. Particles may be entrained in the gas or liquid
examined magnetically in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, 232 for gas analysis
processes.
73, Measuring and Testing, 23 for gas analysis, particularly
subclass 27 for paramagnetic gas analysis by magnetic and
thermal means, and subclass 194 for magnetic induction type
flow meters.
95, Gas Separation: Processes, subclass 27 and 28 for
processes of gas separation using magnetism.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, 1 for magnetic separation
means for gas separation.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclasses 38-40 for the magnetic separation of a solid
from a solid, liquid, or a gas combined with another type of
separation, and subclass 232 for the separation of a solid
from a solid or liquid magnetically when in a fluid
suspension.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 695 for
processes of precipitation of a solid from a liquid by
magnetic means, and subclasses 222+ for apparatus to
magnetically treat material under the class definition.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 306 for the inspection of
liquids by electrically charged particles, subclasses 343+
for the infrared examination of contained fluent material,
subclass 356.1 for flow metering by radiant energy apparatus,
subclass 357.1 for fluent material level examination by
radiant energy, subclasses 373+ for the ultraviolet
examination of contained fluent material, subclasses 383+ for
the examination of emissive fluent type or radiation
transmissive fluent material by ionized gas-type detector,
subclasses 428+ for fluent material containment, support, or
transfer means combined with radiant energy treatment,
subclasses 564+ for photocell sensing of fluent material, and
subclasses 573+ for optical or prephotocell systems to sense
fluent material by photoelectric means.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 70 for oil
testing by visible light; subclass 398 for the inspection of
container content by light; subclasses 409+ for color
transmission testing of fluids; and subclasses 441+ for the
examination of liquid particle suspensions by visible light.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 83 for analysis of
apparatus involving a chemical reaction.
Subclass:
205
Permanent magnet testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
which involves the testing of permanent magnets which have
their own static magnetic field, the apparatus to sense and
indicate the sensing of the field including a field sensing
member placed in the field and an indicator responsive to the
member.
(1) Note. The sensing member may be a fixed or movable
permanent magnet, a member that can be temporarily magnetized
by the field of the tested magnet, an electrically conductive
member that causes eddy currents in response to the field, or
a sensing coil that is fixed or movable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
228 for the testing of material by a magnetic field and the
sensing of the material modified field by a nonelectrically
energized field sensor.
256 for the sensing of a magnetic field by a movable
energized sensing coil magnetometer.
259 for a magnet or magnet member sensor type magnetometer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, 302 for permanent magnets.
Subclass:
206
Movable random length material measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
which includes a movable magnetizable member and a magnetic
marking means to form magnetic field marks on the member in
the direction of its movement, and wherein the apparatus to
sense and indicate the sensing of the magnetic field is
responsive to the marks and indicates the sum of the marks as
an indication of its length or compares the sensed marks to
indicate a deviation of its length between markings.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 732 for feeding a fabric or
cord through a fabric or cord distance measuring device in
contact with the fabric or cord.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, 10 for
control means actuated in response to marks on advancing
material.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclass 431 for a
winding machine under the control of an electrical property
of an article being wound, and subclasses 334.3, 334.4,
485.5, 487.5, 534+, and 563+ for a detector or stop which may
measure length of an elongated material being wound or
unwound.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, 141 for
electromechanical transducer-type time delays.
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval, 1
for recording or reproducing from an element of diverse
utility, and subclass 6 for recording or playback apparatus
combined with metering or sensing.
Subclass:
207.11
Displacement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
which includes a device to note the change in position of one
member with respect to another member, the device having
means to create a magnetic field and having either (1) the
means supported by one of the members, or (2) the members
included in a magnetic circuit in the magnetic field, the
apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of the magnetic
field being responsive to the change in the magnetic field to
note the movement of one of the members with respect to the
other member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
178, Telegraphy, 18.01 for position determining or writing
(e.g., hand writing analysis).
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 15 for a
displacement responsive magnetic pattern element with a
digital code signal generating circuit.
Subclass:
207.12
Compensation for measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.11. Subject
matter which includes a device, circuit or circuit component
that corrects an undesirable condition which affects the
displacement measurement.
Subclass:
207.13
Having particular sensor means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.11. Subject
matter which includes a device having a specific function or
structure that detects the presence of, or a change in the
level of a magnetic field.
Subclass:
207.14
Diverse sensors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.13. Subject
matter in which two or more different types of sensors are
used simultaneously or alternatively.
(1) Note. Plural measurements involve two or more different
types of measurements such as linear and rotary, whereas
diverse measurement includes two or more sensors for one or
more measurements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
207.23 for plural measurements.
Subclass:
207.15
Inductive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.13. Subject
matter wherein sensing device is an inductor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, appropriate subclasses for inductors
not specifically used in testing.
Subclass:
207.16
Electrically energized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.15. Subject
matter containing one or more sources of electrical energy
for energizing sensor means to produce a magnetic field.
Subclass:
207.17
Separate pick-up:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.16. Subject
matter in which a magnetic sensor is a receiver means that
generates a signal in response to an electrically energized
transmitter.
Subclass:
207.18
Differential type (e.g., LVDT):
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.16. Subject
matter wherein (1) a sensor measures two separate stimuli and
provides an output proportionate to the difference between
them or (2) a transformer uses two or more primary sensor
signals, or (3) a transformer uses two or more secondary
sensor signals to provide a differential output.
(1) Note. LVDT is an abbreviation meaning linear variable
differential transformer.
Subclass:
207.19
Differential bridge circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.16. Subject
matter wherein an imbalance in a bridge circuit is based upon
the difference between at least two inductive sensors forming
at least two legs of the bridge circuit.
Subclass:
207.20
Hall effect:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.13. Subject
matter wherein the sensor uses the Hall effect to give an
output voltage proportional to magnetic field strength.
(1) Note. Hall effect is the description given to the
following phenomena: when a conductor, through which a
current is flowing, is placed in a magnetic field, a
potential difference is generated between the two opposed
edges of the conductor in the direction mutually
perpendicular to both the field and the conductor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
251 for hall plate magnetometers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
330, Amplifiers, subclass 6 for hall effect amplifiers.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 32 for resistance value
responsive to a condition wherein magnetic field or compass
utilizes Hall effect.
Subclass:
207.21
Magnetoresistive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.13. Subject
matter wherein a sensor is a semiconductor material in which
the electrical resistance is a function of the applied
magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
252 for Hall plate magnetoresistive magnetometer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 32 for a magnetic field
or compass with resistance value responsive to a condition.
Subclass:
207.22
Having particular sensed object:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.11. Subject
matter in which a specific configuration or structure of an
object is such that its motion may be detected by measuring a
change of a magnetic property associated with the object.
(1) Note. This subclass includes sensor attachments that
move with the device under test.
Subclass:
207.23
Plural measurements (e.g., linear and rotary):
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.11. Subject
matter wherein there are two or more different types of
position measurement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
207.14 for measurements using two or more sensors.
Subclass:
207.24
Linear:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.11. Subject
matter in which motion in a straight line is determined.
Subclass:
207.25
Rotary:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.11. Subject
matter in which (1) angular displacement is determined or (2)
deviation from an angular path is measured.
Subclass:
207.26
Approach or retreat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207.11. Subject
matter in which the (1) the sensing device gives an
indication when approaching or being approached by a magnetic
field, or (2) the sensing device gives an indication when
retreating or being retreated by a magnetic field, or (3) an
object approaches or retreats from the sensor's magnetic
field.
Subclass:
209
Stress in material measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
which includes apparatus to note the strain within material
having means to form a magnetic field in which the material
is placed, or means to form a magnetic field in the material,
the apparatus to sense a magnetic field and indicate the
sensing of the magnetic field senses the magnetic field
modified by the material or the field produced in the
material and indicates the result of the test, the indication
being a measure of the strain in the material as a result of
some type of force imparted to or within the material.
(1) Note. The means to impart the force to the material may
or may not be claimed.
(2) Note. Compressional, tensional, shear, or torsional
physical force is used to impart strain to the material.
(3) Note. The material tested can be examined for residual
strain after the applied force is removed from the material,
or the material can be examined for strain resulting from the
applied force.
(4) Note. Excluded are claims to sense the internal strain
of a magnetic sensor which is an indication of the force
applied to the sensor and torque or torsion sensing devices
relying on magnetic characteristics.
(5) Note. Claims testing the magnetostrictive effect of
material are classifiable here.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 136 and 141+ for sensing the
internal strain of a magnetic sensor which is an indication
of the force applied to the sensor and torque or torsion
sensing devices relying on magnetic characteristics; subclass
779 for stress or strain measuring system having an inductive
or magnetic sensor mechanically coupled to the specimen and
subclasses 862+ for dynamometers including subclasses
862.381+ for the measurement of force by magnetic load
cells.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 32 for material strain
analysis of material by visible light.
Subclass:
210
Magnetic information storage element testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
which includes a magnetic recorder element to be tested
magnetically, means to create a magnetic test signal to be
either sensed by the tested element or recorded on the tested
element, the said apparatus to sense the magnetic field
either (1) being or including the tested element itself, or
(2) sensing the recorded test signal on the tested element,
the said apparatus to indicate the sensing of the test
magnetic signal being responsive to the apparatus to sense
the signal or to the recorder element tested.
(1) Note. The testing device is not integral with the
information device tested.
(2) Note. A prerecorded test signal on a magnetic storage
element tested may take the place of the means to create a
test signal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 603 for processes of making
magnetic recording reproducing transducers.
346, Recorders, subclass 33 for a magnetic recorder with an
external operating means, and subclass 74.2 for magnetic
pictorial or s:graphic recorders.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, subclass 201
for specifics of a memory which are tested for defects or
erroneous information.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
108 for testing system, particularly subclasses 117+ for
testing of circuit.
714, Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,
718 for diagnostic testing of memory systems.
Subclass:
211
Memory core storage element testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Subject matter
wherein the element tested is a nonmoving toroid magnetic
memory element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass
81 for the automatic magnetic testing and sorting of static
cores.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, 129 for
toroid magnetic elements in a memory system.
Subclass:
212
Dynamic information element testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Subject matter
wherein the element tested is a movable magnetic storage
element.
(1) Note. Here are magnetic tape, drum, disc, and wire
storage elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclass 31 for testing the progress of recording.
Subclass:
213
Magnetic recording medium on magnetized object records object
field:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of a
magnetic field includes a magnetic recording medium applied
to magnetized material so that any stray or leakage field
from the magnetized material induces a magnetic field in the
recording medium which is indicative of flaws in the material
tested.
(1) Note. The magnetic field of the recording medium is
latent and requires, for example, magnetic particles to form
a visible image of the induced field on the recording
medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
210 for the testing of magnetic information storage
elements.
214 for testing of magnetic fields or magnetized materials
by magnetic particles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass
215 and other related subclasses for separation of flawed
articles from good magnetized articles based upon the change
in the magnetic field of magnetized article due to flaws in
the article.
252, Compositions, subclass 62.52 for flaw detections
compositions.
346, Recorders, subclass 33 for the recording of flaws in
response to an external flaw detection device.
Subclass:
214
By paramagnetic particles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
which includes a magnetic field detector composed of
particles including ferromagnetic material which, when placed
in the magnetic field, align themselves in the direction of
the tested magnetic field to form a visual representation of
the tested magnetic field.
(1) Note. The particles may be of iron, nickel, or cobalt
material.
(2) Note. The particles when in the magnetic field act as
both a magnetic field detector and a visual indicator of the
pattern of the tested field at the location of the field
between the magnetic poles or at the location of the field
discontinuities.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
200 for the sensing and plotting of magnetic fields.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 62.51 for magnetic compositions
useful for magnetic purposes.
Subclass:
215
With pattern enhancing additive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Subject matter
wherein some chemical, composition, material, or mixture of
materials is added to the paramagnetic particles to enhance
the viewing of the particles with respect to the object
tested after the particles are magnetized and attracted to
the magnetized object tested.
(1) Note. The chemical, composition, material, or mixture
may be directly placed on or diffused some way into the
magnetic particles, or may form a dry mixture with the
particles or a liquid vehicle for the magnetic particles.
(2) Note. Coatings, dyes, and liquid and solid mixtures of
material with the particles are in this subclass.
(3) Note. Fluorescent and phosphorescent material which
require radiation on these materials to emit light are here
as well as materials which have optical properties to permit
the particles to be more easily distinguished from the object
and the surroundings of the test.
Subclass:
216
Flaw testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Subject matter
wherein the paramagnetic particles are used to test an object
made of magnetic material and which includes means to
magnetize the object to be tested to cause the parmagnetic
particles, when upon the magnetized object, to become
magnetized and adhere to the magnetized object or at a
location where a discontinuity occurs when present in the
object, the adhering magnetized particles arranging
themselves in the pattern of the flux exiting from the object
or in the pattern of a discontinuity when present in the
object.
(1) Note. The magnetization may be caused by direct
electrical current, by alternating current, by alternating
and direct current, or by a permanent magnet.
(2) Note. A discontinuity is a flaw which includes a crack,
fault, or other defect that is present in a tested object
that is capable of changing the magnetization pattern known
to be formed from a perfect object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 for the detection of flaws by magnetizing a material
with a magnetic recording medium thereon to record the field
of the magnetized material.
215 for particles with additives to enhance the viewing of
magnetized particles.
217 for flaw detection of railroad rails.
452 for the use of particles to test flaws by electrostatic
forces.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 632 for flaw detection by means
of compressional waves.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 358.1 for pipe inspection by
invisible radiant energy, and for tire inspection by
invisible radiation, subclasses 559.45+ for the photoelectric
sensing of web, strand, or sheet material for defects by
visible light.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, particularly 430 for
flaw detection in webs; and subclasses 237.1+ for flaw
testing generally.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 4 for flaw detection by
a thermal determination.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or devices 58 for X-ray flaw
analysis.
Subclass:
217
Railroad rail flaw testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
which includes means to magnetize a railroad rail to create a
test magnetic field in the rail, the apparatus to sense and
indicate the sensing of the magnetic field being responsive
to the field of the rail to note any change in the indication
from the normal known magnetic pattern of the magnetized
rail.
(1) Note. The subcombinations of means to magnetize a rail
and of means to sense the magnetization of the rail are
classified here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
62 for the resistance testing of rails.
65 particularly for the flaw testing of rails by resistance
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 636 for the testing of rails for
flaws by vibration.
346, Recorders, subclass 33 for a marking device which is
responsive to a magnetic rail flaw detection device.
Subclass:
218
Rail joint cutout:
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Subject matter
wherein the tested rail has ends and is joined to other rails
by connectors forming joints between the rails, and includes
means to prevent the sensing and indicating of the magnetic
field of the joints by the apparatus to sense and indicate
the sensing of the magnetic field of the rail.
Subclass:
219
Magnetic sensor within material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense a magnetic field includes a
sensor placed within tested material which has magnetic field
associated with it, the apparatus to indicate the sensing of
a magnetic field being responsive to the magnetic field of
the material sensed by the sensor.
Subclass:
220
Sensor supported, positioned, or moved within pipe:
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter
wherein the material tested is a tube and the sensor has (1)
means to transport the sensor through the tube, or (2) a
support to position or hold the sensor within the tube.
(1) Note. The subcombination of a magnetic sensor and a
support to hold, position, or move the sensor within a pipe
is here.
(2) Note. An indicator of the distance traveled by the
magnetic sensor in the pipe may be additionally claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
260 for magnetic sensors with a support generally.
262 for magnetic sensor supports, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 700 for bore
extensometers, subclasses 772+ for rolling contact-type tube
interior gauges, subclasses 792+ for internal dial gauges,
and subclasses 814+ for screw adjustment type inside or
inside-outside gauges.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 358.1 for pipe inspection by
radiant energy examination.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray System or Devices, 59 for X-ray pipe
testing.
Subclass:
221
Borehole pipe testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter
wherein the tested pipe is a casing or a borehole in the
earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
345 for geological and subsurface testing for materials by a
magnetic test.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 302 for borehole interior study
processes, and subclasses 304+ for borehole direction or
inclination meters.
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.01 for borehole and drilling
study apparatus.
166, Wells, subclass 64 for time or distance measuring,
subclass 65.1 for electrical means combined with a well, and
subclasses 250.01+ for processes involving indicating,
testing, measuring, or locating within a well.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 4.51 for
boring or penetrating with orienting or indicting.
250, Radiant Energy, 253 for geological testing or
irradiating with radiant energy.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 248 for
igniting systems for explosive devices within a well bore.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave System and
Devices, 14 for compressional wave geophysical systems, and
subclass 86 for well bore electrical communications.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 25
for geochemical exploration.
Subclass:
222
Hysteresis or eddy current loss testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of a
magnetic field includes apparatus to measure the loss of
energy of a cyclically varying magnetic field resulting from
it passage through a magnetic material or through a material
in which eddy currents are induced by the varying magnetic
field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 for mutual inductance tests to determine inductance which
cause eddy currents.
113 for recording the result of an electrical measurement.
121 for a cathode-ray tube indication of an electrical
measurement.
142 for the measurement of electrical real power.
451 for power loss testing of magnetic material by causing
heat by passing cyclic current through the material and
measuring the power which causes the heat.
Subclass:
223
Hysteresis loop curve display or recording:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of a
magnetic field is responsive to a material magnetized by a
changing magnetic field going from a minimum to a maximum in
one direction and than going from a minimum to a maximum in
the opposite direction and produces a signal applied to a
visual display or recorder which is the magnetization curve
of the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electrical Lamp and Discharge Devices, 1 for
cathode-ray tube circuits of general application, and
subclasses 364+ for deflection circuits for a cathode-ray
tube.
346, Recorders, 33 for recorders combined with external
recorder operating means.
347, Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information, 226 for
recorders operated by a light beam including a cathode ray
beam.
Subclass:
224
With temperature control of material or element of test
circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of a
magnetic field is also responsive to magnetic fields modified
by tested materials placed in a magnetic field and includes
means to control the temperature of the material tested or
some element of the apparatus to sense and indicate the
sensing of the magnetic field.
(1) Note. The means to control the temperature includes
heating and cooling.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
248 for superconductive magnetometers which require low
temperatures to function.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, appropriate subclasses for devices to
cool.
73, Measuring and Testing, 15 for thermal tests, and
subclasses 339+ for temperature measuring means, per se.
148, Metal Treatment, subclass 121 for the heat treatment of
magnetic materials to intentionally change the magnetic
properties, and subclass 509 for heat treatment of solid or
semi-solid metal to modify or maintain the internal physical
structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical property of
metal combined with the measuring, sensing, or testing of
magnetic properties.
165, Heat Exchange, particularly subclass 58 for heating and
cooling.
219, Electric Heating, 50 for metal heating, and subclass
200 for heating devices for nonmetals.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
140 for thermal change compensation for electromagnetic
device control circuits, and subclass 141 for
superconductivity electromagnetic device control circuits.
432, Heating, appropriate subclass for the heating of
materials nonelectrically.
Subclass:
225
With compensation for test variable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of
the magnetic field includes structure to correct for some
condition which affects the test.
(1) Note. The magnetic field tested may be a magnetic
field, per se, or a magnetic field modified by a material
under test.
(2) Note. The condition may be magnetic interference, the
spacing of the material tested with respect to the magnetic
sensing means, or some condition of the apparatus to sense
and indicate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
224 for temperature control of the tested material or an
element of the test circuit.
244 for magnetometers having disturbing magnetic field
compensation.
Subclass:
226
Combined:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of a
magnetic field is combined with the subject matter of another
class when not provided for elsewhere.
(1) Note. The examination of material by magnetic fields
and the testing of magnetic fields are here when combined
with other subject matter.
(2) Note. In combination with magnetic testing are:
demagnetizing, the conveying of material to or from the test,
or the conveying of the magnetic test apparatus, diverse test
apparatus of other classes and subject matter of other
classes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
157 for measuring or sensing electricity combined with other
subject matter.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
194, Check-Actuated Control Mechanisms, 320 for material
testers which use magnets.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, 38 for
the separation of solids from solids by magnetizing means and
other separation means, subclasses 567+, 609, and 636 for
article separating means involving magnetism, and subclasses
212+ for the separation of magnetic material from other
material which is nonmagnetic or less magnetic.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 72 for the
combination of an optical test with other subject matter.
Subclass:
227
Plural tests:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein (1) two or more variable magnetic parameters are
separately sensed and indicated, at least one of which is
sensed and indicated by apparatus to sense and indicate the
sensing of a magnetic field, or (2) at least one of two or
more separate tests is a magnetic test.
(1) Note. The separate tests may be performed sequentially
or simultaneously.
(2) Note. A. Subject matter of this subclass includes, for
example, permeameters wherein a sensed voltage is used to
indicate a change in flux for a given value of magnetomotive
force indicated by the current causing the force. B. Subject
matter of this subclass includes, for example, (1) a
nonmagnetic hardness test combined with a magnetic flaw test,
or (2) two simultaneous but spatially separated magnetic flaw
tests.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
403 for lamp and discharge device tests involving plural
diverse characteristics or conditions.
Subclass:
228
With means to create magnetic field to test material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
which includes structure to form a magnetic field for testing
material, the apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of
the magnetic field being responsive to the field as modified
by the material tested.
Subclass:
229
Thickness measuring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Subject matter
wherein the material tested has two different surfaces, and
the distance between the surfaces is measured by placing the
two surfaces in the magnetic field and the apparatus to sense
and indicate the sensing of the field is responsive to the
field as modified by the material between the two surfaces to
thus sense and indicate the distance between the surfaces.
(1) Note. Class 324 measures thickness by sensing a change
in magnetic property of magnetic test. For measuring
thickness by having contacts touching the tested material,
see the Search Note below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, measures thickness by having
contacts touching the tested material; see 783 for distance
measuring devices, particularly subclass 835 for coating
thickness measurement, and subclasses 174+ for gauges.
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 37.5 for the measurement
of a dimension of a material by fluid means.
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for the
measurement of a dimension of a material by invisible
radiation.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 380 for
determining the thickness of light permeable material.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 7 for a
thickness determination by a thermal test.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 50, 54+,
and 89+ for X-ray thickness measuring.
Subclass:
230
Layer of layered material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 229. Subject matter
wherein the material tested is composed of dissimilar layered
material and the thickness of one layer is found by placing
the layered material in the magnetic field and the apparatus
to sense and indicate the sensing of the magnetic field is
responsive to the magnetic field modified by the layer to
thus sense and indicate the depth of the layer.
Subclass:
231
With backing member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 229. Subject matter
which includes a part next to one surface of the material and
the apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of the
magnetic field next to the other surface opposite to the
part; the part and the apparatus cooperating with each other
to place tested material in the same relation each time with
respect to the magnetic field and the apparatus to sense and
indicate the sensing of the field.
(1) Note. The part generally but not always is part of the
magnetic test circuit.
Subclass:
232
Plural magnetic fields in material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Subject matter
which includes means to create two or more magnetic fields in
the tested material, the apparatus to sense and indicate the
sensing of the magnetic field being responsive to the fields
modified by the material to indicate some characteristic of
the material.
(1) Note. Included are diverse magnetic fields at the same
location in the material, or magnetic fields at different
locations in the material, but not two fields of the same
type aiding each other at the same place in the material.
Subclass:
233
With phase sensitive element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of
the magnetic field modified by the material tested includes
an element which compares the electrical phase of the signal
as received by the apparatus with the phase of the magnetic
field used in the test, the difference in phase being used by
the apparatus to show some characteristic of the tested
material.
(1) Note. Here are mostly eddy current tests which do not
fall out in the preceding subclasses. Eddy current tests not
classified here will be found in the subclasses following
when no phase detection is claimed.
Subclass:
234
Electrically energized nonforce type sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of
the magnetic field modified by the material includes a sensor
which requires an electrical current to pass therethrough,
and which senses and indicates the magnetic field other than
by a force measurement.
(1) Note. Included are self-inductance-type field sensors.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
228 for the testing of material magnetically by torque
magnetometers and electrically energized sensors of force.
244 for magnetometers.
260 for magnetic sensors not electrically energized.
300 for the testing of material by nuclear or electronic
induction.
323 for the magnetic testing of material by a magnetic
field.
332 especially, which requires a magnetic field to test
material within or part of the upper natural surface of the
earth.
Subclass:
235
Noncoil type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter
wherein the energized sensor does not rely solely on
inductive effects.
(1) Note. Here are sensors of the magnetoresistive and
galvanomagnetic type which includes Hall effect sensors.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
251 for Hall plate magnetometers.
252 for magnetoresistive and semiconductor solid-state
magnetometers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 32 for magnetoresistive
and for Hall effect devices, per se.
Subclass:
236
Oscillator type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter
wherein the sensor is part of a frequency generator whereby
the material-modified magnetic field is sensed by the sensor
to control the frequency or the amplitude of the electrical
wave generated by the frequency generator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
234 for sensing material-modified magnetic fields by
self-inductive type sensors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
331, Oscillators, subclass 65 for oscillators with a device
responsive to an external physical condition. See subclass
64 of Class 331 for the line between Classes 331 and 324.
Subclass:
237
Material flaw testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Subject matter
wherein the material is magnetically tested for defects in
the material.
Subclass:
238
Material flaw testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter
wherein the material is magnetically tested for defects in
the material.
(1) Note. A defect is any blemish, crack, or other inherent
imperfection in a material that weakens the material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 for magnetic recording mediums attached to a tested
magnetized material to record the material field.
216 for flaw testing of magnetized material with magnetic
particles.
217 for railroad flaw testing.
219 for flaw testing when the sensor is within the
material.
237 for flaw testers of the oscillator type.
Subclass:
239
Induced voltage-type sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Subject matter
wherein a voltage is induced in an electrical coil as a
result of the change in the magnetic test field caused by the
material tested.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
219 for testing material by placing a magnetic sensor within
the material tested.
233 for the testing of material by a test device which
compares the phase of a test magnetic field with the phase of
the signal sensed by the magnetic sensor.
254 for fixed coil magnetometers responsive to a changing
magnetic field.
257 for moving coil magnetometers.
260 for magnetic field detection device sensors of the
induced voltage type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclass 355 for transformers to deliver power to a single
load.
336, Inductor Devices, particularly subclass 221 for coil
and core, and subclasses 222+ and 225+ for electrical
windings, per se, which introduce electrical inductance into
an electrical circuit.
Subclass:
240
Material flaw testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter
wherein the material is magnetically tested for defects in
the material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
217 for rail flaw testing.
219 for magnetic flaw sensors placed within material tested
magnetically.
260 for magnetic field dated on devices generally including
those of the induced voltage type.
Subclass:
241
Opposed induced voltage sensors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter
wherein there are two or more magnetic coil sensors of the
magnetic field modified by the test material, the apparatus
to indicate the sensing of the field modified by the test
material being connected to two or more of the sensors to
indicate the difference in the voltages induced in the
sensors.
Subclass:
242
Plural sensors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter
wherein there are two or more magnetic coil sensors of the
magnetic field modified by the test material, the apparatus
to indicate the sensing of the field modified by the test
material being connected to two or more of the sensors to
indicate the combined sensing of the material-modified
field.
Subclass:
243
Plural sensors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter
wherein there are two or more coil sensors of the induced
voltage type, the apparatus to indicate the sensing of the
magnetic field being connected to two or more of the sensors
to note the combined sensing of material-modified magnetic
field.
Subclass:
244
Magnetometers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of a
magnetic field is responsive to the intensity of the sensed
magnetic field or the direction of the sensed magnetic
field.
(1) Note. Subject matter classifiable in this subclass
includes subcombinations or perfecting features peculiar to
magnetometers and not classifiable elsewhere such as field
compensating means for magnetometers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
227 plural magnetic tests of a magnetic field.
228 for the testing of material by magnetic fields which use
magnetometers for the defection of the material-modified
magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 300 for compasses, particularly
subclasses 356+ for magnetic field responsive error
compensation.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, 32 for
anti-inductive structures, particularly subclass 35 for
shielded coils.
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 89 for systems to prevent induction having means to
control a magnetic field, and subclass 101 for residual or
remnant magnetism control.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
93.6 for abnormal current condition protection including
transformer sensor.
Subclass:
244.1
Optical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus or method for sensing and indicating a
magnetic field includes a medium which responds to the
magnetic field by altering the propagation (e.g., path,
passage, etc.) or a property (e.g., polarization) of radiant
light energy therethrough, where the output of the medium is
representative of the magnetic field measured.
(1) Note. This subclass includes physical changes of the
light path affecting the light.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
96 for devices which measure electricity using radiant
energy.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 200 for photocells, circuits, and
apparatus.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 450 for optical
testing by light wave interference.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
280 for changing a bulk optical parameter by an applied
magnetic field.
385, Optical Waveguides, 12 for environmentally sensing
optical waveguides.
Subclass:
245
Plural sensor axis misalignment correction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of
the magnetic field includes plural magnetic field sensors
aligned with each other, the sensors when not aligned with
each other producing errors in the magnetic field
measurement, and means responsive to the sensing of the
magnetic field by both sensors to adjust for the misalignment
of the sensors, the apparatus to indicate being connected to
the sensors.
Subclass:
246
With means to align field sensor with magnetic field sensed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of
the magnetic field includes a movable magnetic field sensor
of the tested magnetic field and apparatus responsive to the
magnetic field connected to the magnetic sensor responsive to
the magnetic field to physically move the sensor to a
predetermined position with respect to the sensed magnetic
field.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 647 for
electric servo motors under the control of magnetic field
sensing sensors.
Subclass:
247
Nonparallel plural magnetic sensors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense the magnetic field includes
several magnetic sensors positioned angularly with respect to
each other so that an axis of another sensor will intersect
the other axis and the apparatus to indicate is connected to
the several sensors to note the combined sensing of the
tested magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
227 for plural magnetic tests each having a magnetic field
sensor.
228 for magnetic tests to subject material to a magnetic
field.
242 particularly for material flaw testing apparatus using
plural magnetic coil sensors.
243 for material tests using plural magnetic coil sensors to
examine material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 300 for indicator of
direction of force traversing material media apparatus
including direction or inclination instruments, gyromagnetic
compasses and magnetic field responsive instruments.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 870.33 for
continuously variable indicating apparatus having indication
transmitters of the magnetic flux sensor type combined with
circuitry connected to the transmitters, and subclass 345 for
code transmitters which include magnetic flux sensing
devices, per se.
Subclass:
248
Superconductive magnetometers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of a
magnetic field includes a sensor of the magnetic field or a
magnetic shield for the apparatus to sense a magnetic field
made of a material which has nearly zero resistance in one
state and appreciable resistance in a second state.
(1) Note. Superconductivity is a property possessed by some
metals, alloys, or compounds whereby the electrical
resistance of the metals, alloys, or compounds decreases
until a critical temperature is reached and the resistance
becomes practically zero when the temperature of the metal,
alloy, or compound is reduced to within a few degrees of
absolute zero.
(2) Note. The apparatus to produce the low temperatures in
the superconductors in order to permit the superconductors to
function as a shield or a magnetic field sensor is not always
claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 599 for processes of
manufacturing superconductor electrical devices.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclass 44 for transformer systems using superconductors.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, 527 for miscellaneous superconductive
circuits.
331, Oscillators, subclass 107 for superconductive
oscillators using a superconductive active element.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, subclass 216 for superconductive magnets
and electromagnets.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 32 for superconductive
resistors, per se.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, 160 for
superconductive magnetic storage systems.
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 93 for
electrically operated registers using superconductors.
Subclass:
249
Thin film magnetometers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense a magnetic field includes a
thin single domain ferromagnetic film magnetized in a
predetermined direction known as the easy axis of the film,
the magnetization of the film upon placement in an external
magnetic field to be tested assumes a different direction
which is the resultant field vector of the film's easy axis
and the tested field axis, means to cyclically change the
resultant magnetic field axis of the film, sensing means to
note the cyclical changes in the magnetic field of the film
caused by the shift of the resultant magnetic field due to
the means to cyclically change the resultant magnetic field
axis, and the apparatus to indicate being connected to the
sensing means to note the result of the cyclical changes in
the film.
(1) Note. A thin film is defined as a ferromagnetic element
formed so as to have its magnetic domains aligned in a
predetermined direction. This is usually done by vapor
depositing the film in a magnetic field. In the absence of
an external field the magnetization vector or magnetic moment
will be aligned with the preferred "easy axis" of
magnetization of the film. The "hard axis" of the
magnetization of the film is in an orthogonal direction to
the "easy axis". A thin magnetic film so formed has uniaxial
anisotropy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
227 for plural separate magnetic tests.
228 for means to create a magnetic test field and a magnetic
sensor to sense the test field.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), appropriate subclasses, including
subclass 108, 414, and 421-427, for devices responsive to
magnetic field.
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 403 for nonlinear reactor systems having thin film
parametron.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclass 567 for miscellaneous thin
film circuits.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, 171 for thin
film magnetic signal storage systems.
427, Coating Processes, 547 for pretreatment of a substrate
or post-treatment of a coated substrate using magnetic field
or force, 598+ to directly apply a coating using magnetic
field or force.
Subclass:
250
Electronic tube or microwave magnetometers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of a
magnetic field includes (1) an ionizable gas tube magnetic
field sensor having electrodes connected to appropriate
voltages wherein the tested magnetic field causes the gas to
ionize at different electrode voltages dependent upon the
strength of the magnetic field, (2) an energized vacuum tube
magnetic field sensor having a cathode ray beam and one or
more electrodes or a fluorescent screen connected to
appropriate voltages to attract the beam wherein the tested
magnetic field acts to deflect the beam an amount dependent
upon the strength of the tested field, or (3) an electrically
conductive enclosure magnetic field sensor to which a signal
is applied having a ferromagnetic material in the enclosure
wherein the tested field affects the material to change the
signal passed through the enclosure dependent upon the
strength of the field.
(1) Note. The enclosure is a waveguide, resonant cavity, or
a transmission line.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for measuring microwave parameters or using microwave
devices for determining nonelectric properties.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 360 for magnetic field
direction indicating apparatus using cathode-ray tubes or
photo-electric cells.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 298 for ionic separation or
analysis apparatus using magnetic means to separate or
deflections, and subclass 396 for apparatus to deflect or
focus a charged particle beam.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 153 for
electric lamp and discharge devices having a magnetic device,
and subclass 364 for cathode-ray tubes, particularly subclass
421 for the beam deflection means of the cathode-ray tube.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass
399 for cathode-ray tube beam deflection circuits.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, 141 for
transmission line systems utilizing magnetic effects.
Subclass:
251
Hall plate magnetometers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense a magnetic field includes a
thin sheet of conductive material whose thickness is small
compared to a dimension of the sides of the sheet, electrical
means connected at first diametrical points on the edge of
the sheet to pass an electrical current through the sheet,
electrical output means connected to second diametrical
points on the edge of the sheet at right angles to the first
diametrical points and the apparatus to indicate being
connected to the electrical output means whereby the
solid-state sheet when placed in a magnetic field to be
measured normal to the first diametrical points will cause a
voltage, consistent with the intensity of the tested magnetic
field, at the second diametrical points, which voltage is
sensed by the apparatus to indicate.
(1) Note. Compensation for misalignment of axis by means of
potential balancing is here.
(2) Note. Hall plates may be made of germanium, bismuth,
tellurium, copper, or indium antimonide.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for measuring electricity, per se, with a Hall effect
device.
127 for measuring current in a split core transformer with a
Hall effect device.
207.20 for magnetic displacement measurement wherein a
sensor utilizes the Hall effect.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 3 for
Hall effect generators or converters.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclass 368 for impedance systems including a Hall effect
resistor.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclass 511 for miscellaneous
circuits having Hall effect devices sensitive to external
magnetic effects.
329, Demodulators, appropriate subclasses for magnetic
demodulators which include Hall effect devices.
330, Amplifiers, subclass 6 for amplifiers using the Hall
effect.
332, Modulators, subclass 172 for magnetic amplitude
modulators using the Hall effect.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 32 for Hall effect
devices, per se.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, subclass 170
for Hall effect magnetic signal storage devices.
Subclass:
252
Semiconductor type solid-state or magneto-resistive
magnetometers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense and indicate the sensing of a
magnetic field includes (1) a resistance of magnetic material
having a current flow there-through and an indicator
connected to the resistance whereby the magnetic field tested
passing through the material changes the current noted on the
indicator, or (2) a sensor of semiconductor material having a
current flow therethrough and an indicator connected to the
sensor to note the change in current caused by the tested
magnetic field acting on the sensor.
(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes,
for example, p-n junction semi-conductor sensors wherein the
current flow therethrough is used to indicate the magnetic
field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
207.21 for magnetic displacement measurement wherein a
sensor is magnetoresistive.
228 for noncoil type magnetic sensors including transistors
and other solid-state magnetic sensors responsive to a
magnetic field modified by a tested material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), appropriate subclasses, including
subclass 108, 414, and 421-427, for devices responsive to
magnetic field.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, for
circuits including active solid-state devices controlled by a
magnetic field which controls the voltage or current in the
circuits.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, 510 for miscellaneous circuits and
systems subjected to external magnetic effects.
330, Amplifiers, subclass 62 for magneto-resistive-type
amplifiers.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 32 for magnetic
field-type resistors.
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclass 113 for information type magnetoresistive
transducer structures.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
235 for control circuits for electromagnetic devices having
barrier layer devices controlled by a magnetic field.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, subclass 158
for magnetoresistive storage systems.
Subclass:
253
Saturable core magnetometers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense a magnetic field includes a
ferromagnetic core having an alternating magnetic flux
passing through the core, the magnetic field tested being
concurrently passed through the core with the alternating
flux and an electrical coil to sense the change in the
magnetic flux caused by the magnetic field in the core, the
apparatus to indicate being responsive to the electrical coil
sensing the magnetic field change in the core.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
228 for the magnetic testing of material.
236 particularly, which use coil-type magnetic field
sensors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 361 for flux gate
sensors used in magnetic field responsive instruments
indicating the direction of force traversing natural media.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 47 for
magnetic field sensors that control an electric motor
servo-system.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 870.33 for
continuously variable indicating apparatus having an inductor
of the flux gate type.
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, 20 and 173+ for a
code transmitter having a flux gate magnetic sensor.
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclass 111 for flux gate magnetic sensing heads to sense
or record information.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
93.6 for abnormal current condition protection including
transformer sensor, and subclasses 143+ for drive circuits
for flux gate magnetic sensing devices which create the
alternating flux for the sensing devices.
Subclass:
254
Second harmonic type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
wherein the electrical coil sensing the change in the
magnetic field in the core is connected to the apparatus to
indicate by means of a circuit which passes only a harmonic
signal of the alternating magnetic flux impressed upon the
core so that the apparatus to indicate the result of the
sensing is responsive only to the harmonic signal passed by
the circuit.
Subclass:
255
Peak voltage type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
wherein the composite alternating flux and the magnetic field
tested produce a cyclically alternating magnetic flux in the
core which will produce peak flux values each half cyclic of
the alternating flux although the peaks are not symmetrical
half waves of flux, and wherein electrical circuitry
connected between the electrical sensing coil and the
apparatus to indicate the sensing of the field determines the
(1) peak value, (2) the difference in the peak value, or (3)
the average value of the voltage induced in the sensing coil
caused by the alternate half cycles of the flux in the core.
Subclass:
256
Energized movable sensing coil magnetometers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense a magnetic field is a movable
electrically energized magnetic field sensing coil, the
magnetic field created by the coil interacts with the
magnetic field tested to produce a force which moves the
sensing coil, and the apparatus to indicate the sensing of
the field is connected to the coil to note the movement of
the coil.
(1) Note. The magnetic field created in the sensing coil
may be a steady state or a changing magnetic field.
(2) Note. The sensing coil may turn or be vibrated by the
force caused by the interaction of the tested magnetic field
with the field of the sensor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
236 for magnetic field sensors of the coil type which sense
the change in a magnetic field caused by a tested material.
260 for magnetic field sensors of the induction type not
classified elsewhere.
Subclass:
257
Moving coil magnetometer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense a magnetic field is a movable
magnetic field sensing coil placed within the field to be
tested and has means to move the movable coil, and the
apparatus to indicate the sensing of the magnetic field is
connected to the sensing coil whereby the coil moving in the
tested field has induced therein a voltage proportional to
the number of turns of the coil and the time it takes for the
moving coil to complete a cycle of movement.
(1) Note. The sensing coil may or may not have a
ferromagnetic core.
(2) Note. The movement may be rotary, vibrator, or
translatory.
(3) Note. A single conductor sensing a magnetic field
connected to an indicator is included in the subject matter
of this subclass type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
323 for geophysical surface or subsurface exploration which
may include a moving coil magnetometer to detect objects
below the surface of the earth or material within the earth
or a magnetic field within the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 361 for indicators of
direction of force traversing natural media which use a
rotating or vibrating magnetic detector.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, subclass 1 for
radar devices which utilize a moving antenna, subclass 100
for directive radio systems that use a moving antenna, and
subclass 757 for antennas with scanning, sweeping, or
orienting means to move the antennas.
Subclass:
258
Fixed coil-magnetometer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus to sense a magnetic field is a
stationary electrical coil placed in a changing magnetic
field to be tested, and the apparatus to indicate the sensing
of the field is connected to the coil whereby the changing
magnetic field induces in the coil a voltage proportional to
the number of turns of the coil and the time it takes the
changing field to make a complete change.
(1) Note. The tested changing field may be the movement of
a magnetic core in the magnetic field tested, the magnetic
core being moved relative to the sensing coil.
(2) Note. The sensing coil may include a ferromagnetic
core.
Subclass:
259
Movable magnet or magnetic member interacts with magnetic
field:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Subject matter
with a movable permanent magnet acting as a magnetic field
detector or a movable member of low magnetic reluctance
acting as a magnetic field detector which includes material
that can be temporarily magnetized by the tested field, the
movable magnet's magnetic field or the magnetic field of the
temporarily magnetized material reacting to the tested
magnetic field by moving until the force between the tested
magnetic field and the movable magnet or the movable
temporarily magnetized material is zero.
(1) Note. Magnetic polarity testers are here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205 for permanent magnet testing.
225 for test apparatus with compensation for a test
variable.
256 for magnetometers having a movable energized coil which
reacts with a tested magnetic field to indicate the direction
or strength of the tested field.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 310 for borehole
movable magnetic indicators for direction or inclination,
subclass 319 for gyroscopically mounted magnetic compasses,
subclass 352 for magnetic compass type directional
indicators, and subclasses 355+ for magnetic compasses.
73, Measuring and Testing, 382 for scales using permanent
magnets to determine the force of gravity.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, 205 for permanent magnet actuated
switches, and subclasses 302+ for magnets, per se.
Subclass:
260
Magnetic field detection devices:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
which includes magnetic field sensing devices, per se, which
are not classified elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 for a magnetic recording medium placed on a magnetized
test material which assumes the magnetization of the material
and requires iron particles to visibly see the pattern of
recording medium.
214 for paramagnetic particles placed in a tested magnetic
field to note the pattern of the test field or on a
magnetized test material to note the magnetization pattern of
the magnetized material.
220 for magnetic field sensing device and a support for the
device to hold, position, or move the device in a pipe or
borehole.
226 for apparatus involving a magnetic field detector
combined with a diverse art device of another class.
228 for means to create a magnetic test field and a magnetic
sensor of the test magnetic field.
244 for magnetometers which involve a magnetic sensor and an
indicator responsive to the sensor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 595 for indicating transducer
making processes.
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), appropriate subclasses, including
subclass 108, 414, and 421-427, for devices responsive to
magnetic field.
338, Electrical Resistors, 32 for magnetic field or compass
resistive devices including those of the Hall and
superconductive type.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, 700 for
antennas.
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval, 110
for magnetic transducers, per se, used in dynamic magnetic
information systems.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 139,
particularly subclasses 170+ for condition responsive control
circuits for electromagnetic relay or solenoid devices,
including subclasses 179+ for metal presence or absence
devices.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, for static
magnetic information devices and the storage elements, per
se, especially subclass 157 for magnetostrictive; and
subclass 160 for superconductive information storage
devices.
367, Communication, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, subclass 156 and 168 for underwater
magnetostrictive transducers.
Subclass:
261
With support for article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Subject matter
wherein material is to be examined magnetically by a magnetic
field sensing device and structure is provided to hold the
material with respect to the sensor so that the sensing can
be performed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
158.1 for test fixtures used in electrical testing
generally.
226 for testing material magneticallym and conveying the
tested material to or from the test.
262 for supports for magnetic sensing devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, 176 for article stands, and subclasses 309+
for article brackets.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 491.1 for means to align or
position an object relative to a detector.
Subclass:
262
Magnetic test structure elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
which includes supports for tested material and sensing
devices, and other elements not provided for elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
158 for test fixtures and supports for sensors generally.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, particularly 32
for anti-inductive structures.
248, Supports, for holding devices for materials,
particularly 2 for machinery supports.
Subclass:
263
Current through test material forms test magnetic field:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
which includes an electric circuit including terminals to
contact a material to be magnetically tested so that current
through the material and the terminals create a magnetic
field in the material for test purposes.
(1) Note. Demagnetization as well as magnetization can be
claimed as long as the test material forms the test field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
217 for testing railroad rails by magnetizing the rail and
sensing the magnetic field in the rail with or without an
indication of the sensing.
228 for magnetically testing material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, 209 for magnets and electromagnets, and
subclass 284 for magnetizing and demagnetizing magnets and
electromagnets.
336, Inductor Devices, 5 for inductors, per se, which are
impedance devices which produce a magnetic field when
energized.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 143 for
systems for magnetizing, demagnetizing, or controlling the
magnetic field, and subclass 267 for demagnetizing systems
and processes.
Subclass:
300
PARTICLE PRECESSION RESONANCE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter relating to the measurement of the energy
interchange between precessing atomic particles in a
surrounding electromagnetic field.
(1) Note. The energy interchange may be characterized by a
ratio between the mechanical angular momentum and the
magnetic moment of an atomic system.
(2) Note. Precession is a change in the orientation of the
axis of a rotating particle, the effect of which is to rotate
this axis (axis of spin) about a line (axis of precession)
perpendicular to its original direction and to the axis (axis
of torque) of the moment producing the change.
(3) Note. Resonant frequency is the frequency at which a
given system or object will respond with maximum amplitude
when driven by an external sinusoidal force of constant
amplitude.
Subclass:
301
Using magnetometer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter
utilizing means to measure the effects of external magnetic
fields upon the resonance of a host material in a controlled
electromagnetic field.
(1) Note. Host material is a material in which the
resonance properties have been determined under controlled
magnetic field conditions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
244 for magnetometers, per se.
Subclass:
302
To determine direction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Subject matter
wherein the magnetometer is used to determine the direction
of an external magnetic field relative to the location of the
magnetometer.
(1) Note. External is used to mean those magnetic fields
external of the instrument being used.
Subclass:
303
Using well logging device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter
in which earth subsurface materials are subjected to magnetic
resonance measurement by using a well logging device to
transport the components of the testing system to the
location to be tested.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
346 for systems using magnetic means to determine the
electrical characteristics of the subsurface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.02 for a process or an
apparatus for well logging, per se, wherein the process or
the apparatus is not purely electrical or purely magnetic.
Subclass:
304
Using optical pumping or sensing device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter
in which a source of optical energy is applied to the sample
and a resultant amount of optical energy is reradiated and
sensed as a measure of a controlled interaction between the
metastable state of an atomic system and a steady magnetic
field.
(1) Note. Metastable is the marginal energy state of an
electron above a reference ground within an atom, and having
a definite lifetime.
Subclass:
305
Having particular optical cell structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Subject matter
wherein the optical cell is designed to aid the sensing of
reradiated optical energy.
Subclass:
306
Determine fluid flow rate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter
in which a fluid is magnetically tagged as a net
magnetization in a predetermined direction at a tagging
station for detection at a known distance downstream at a
detection station within a measured time interval.
(1) Note. Magnetically tagged refers to the magnetic
resonance of a fluid volume upon passage through a magnetic
induction coil.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 861.11 for
electromagnetic induction-type volume or rate of flow
meters.
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 112 for fluid flow
indicators.
600, Surgery, particularly subclass 419 for magnetic
resonance imaging or spectroscopy of fluid flow limited to
medically evaluating a body liquid or gas traveling through a
living body and where structure particularly adapted for
placement on or in the body is claimed.
Subclass:
307
Using a nuclear resonance spectrometer system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter
in which a spectrometer is used to induce and measure
resonance in the nucleus of an atom or group of atoms.
(1) Note. The spectrometer system would include at least a
polarizing magnetic field element, a signal transmitter and
receiver along with transducer coils coupled to a sample
material being measured, and an indicator to readout
information obtained.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
600, Surgery, particularly 410 for a magnetic resonance
imaging or spectroscopy device where structure particularly
adapted for placement on or in a living body is claimed.
Subclass:
308
Including a test sample and control sample:
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Subject matter
in which the nuclear resonance measurement of an unknown
material is made by comparison with the resonance of a known
material.
Subclass:
309
To obtain localized resonance within a sample:
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Subject matter
in which a measurement of nuclear magnetic resonance at
controlled locations within a sample volume is obtained.
Subclass:
310
By scanning sample frequency spectrum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Subject matter
wherein the application of pulsed energy to an atom nucleus
over a controlled range of frequencies results in relative
energy absorption by the atom or atoms of a sample material
at resonance.
(1) Note. Scanning may also take place as a result of an
increase or decrease in magnetic field strength.
Subclass:
311
With signal decoupling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Subject matter
in which feedback from the signal receiver to the transmitter
is suppressed or eliminated.
(1) Note. The receiver feedback is not restricted to
signals from the receiving coil and electronic components,
but also includes the received and reradiated energy of the
resonant sample material.
Subclass:
312
By spectrum storage and analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Subject matter
wherein the nuclear resonant frequencies of the sample
material are transformed to memory and recalled for
computation.
(1) Note. Transformation may include the conversion of
resonant frequency signal information from analog to digital
form.
Subclass:
313
Including polarizing magnetic field/radio frequency tuning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Subject matter
wherein the degree of resolution at resonance is a result of
adjustment between magnetic field strength and the frequency
at which magnetic resonance occurs.
Subclass:
314
With conditioning of transmitter signal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Subject matter
in which the signal information applied to the sample to
induce resonance is made to conform with the predetermined
frequency or phase conditions of a transmitter.
(1) Note. The subject matter under frequency or phase
control of a transmitted signal would involve an improvement
in sample resonance resolution, sensitivity, stability, or
possibly the removal of unwanted sidebands from a frequency
system.
Subclass:
315
With sample resonant frequency and temperature
interdependence:
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Subject matter
in which the nuclear resonance of the sample material is
measured as a function of temperature, or the temperature of
the sample material is measured as a function of nuclear
resonance.
Subclass:
316
Using an electron resonance spectrometer system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter
in which a spectrometer is used to induce and measure
electron resonance of a sample material.
(1) Note. The electrons of atoms of a sample material
refers to the electrons of a single atom as well as electrons
of bonded atoms.
(2) Note. A spectrometer system as used here would include
at least a signal transmitter coupled to a microwave cavity
in which a sample material is placed between the poles of a
steady magnetic field and a receiver coupled to relay sample
material resonance to an indicator.
Subclass:
317
Including a test sample and control sample:
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Subject matter
wherein the electron resonance of an unknown material is made
by comparison with the resonance of known material.
Subclass:
318
Spectrometer components:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter
comprising structural components of a spectrometer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
600, Surgery, particularly subclass 419 for a magnetic
resonance imaging or spectroscopy system component where
structure particularly adapted for contacting or conforming
to a body part of a patient is claimed.
Subclass:
319
Polarizing field magnet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Subject matter
comprising the details of polarizing field magnet structure
designed specifically for use with a spectrometer.
Subclass:
320
With homogeneity control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
where magnetic circuit component design permits a uniform
magnetic field gradient to be obtained.
Subclass:
321
Sample holder structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Subject matter
comprising sample holders to be used specifically with a
spectrometer.
Subclass:
322
Electronic circuit elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Subject matter
comprising basic circuit elements which include active and
passive devices designed specifically for use in a
spectrometer system.
Subclass:
323
OF GEOPHYSICAL SURFACE OR SUBSURFACE IN SITU:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter relating to the determination of an electrical
characteristic of the subsurface of the earth in situ.
(1) Note. Subsurface is defined as including everything,
whether composition, article, structure, or formation which
lies below the upper natural surface of the earth. The upper
surface is defined as being the uppermost nongaseous thing
which lies on the earth, and may be mud, water, snow, leaves,
dead trees, ice pavements, crops of buildings and such upper
surface is defined as being natural if of the same type
(e.g., leaves) which is found in nature, whether deposited by
nature or not. Thus, under the subclass definition, the
determination of geologic structure under building
foundations or the location or treasure buried in the earth
is included, but the location of treasure concealed in the
building wall is not included.
(2) Note. The electrical characteristics which are
determined may include streaming, telluric, terrestrial or
self-potentials, resistance, dielectric constant, magnetic
reluctance, inductance, conductance, capacitance, and
magnetism.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
376 for the analysis of core samples, not in situ in the
earth, and other appropriate subclasses for the analysis of
samples which are not in situ, or for the location of objects
which are not below the natural surface of the earth. Note
particularly subclasses 67, 158, and 200+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, subclass 230 for
geochemical exploration.
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.01 for mechanical (e.g.,
thermal) analysis of bore holes.
166, Wells, 250 for well processes including indicating,
testing, or measuring steps; subclass 64 for well apparatus
including time or distance measuring, temperature responsive
or counting means; and subclass 66 for well apparatus
including electrical indicating means.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 40 and
particularly subclass 50 for the combination of earth boring
with electrical earth formation logging. The mere nominal
recitation of a conventional earth boring step or means will
not preclude classification in Class 324.
181, Acoustics, subclass .5 for nonelectrical geophysical
exploration by the use of seismic waves. Also note the
reference to Class 340 below.
250, Radiant Energy, 253 for geophysical exploration by the
use of radiant energy of the invisible type, including
electromagnetic waves above the microwave frequency band.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 853.8 for a
wellbore telemetering system.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, 5 for radar
systems which are used in geophysical exploration, as for
example, radar sets which are lowered down a bore hole to
determine the size of the bore.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 14 for seismic prospecting using electrical
acoustic wave systems.
Subclass:
324
Including borehole fluid investigation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Subject matter
relating to the determination of an electrical property of
the fluid in a well, borehole, or other opening in the
earth.
(1) Note. The fluid may be oil, gas, water, brine, or any
other fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
438 for determining the pH or conductivity of an
electrolyte.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.18 for fluid analysis in a
borehole or drilling test wherein the analysis is not made by
purely electrical or purely magnetic means.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 400 as the
residual home for apparatus used for electrolytic analysis or
testing, per se.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 775 as the residual
home for a process of electrolytic analysis or testing, per
se.
252, Compositions, subclass 62.2 for electrolytes of general
utility.
Subclass:
325
To determine fluid entry:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter
relating to the determination of the subsurface location of
the point or region of entry of a fluid into or out of a
well, borehole, or other opening in the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 40.5 for the
determination of the leakage or ingress of fluid from or into
a conduit in situ and subclasses 152.18+ for a rate of fluid
flow measuring or fluid analysis in a borehole or drilling
test wherein the measurement or the analysis is not made by
purely electrical means or purely magnetic means.
Subclass:
326
For small object detection or location:
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Subject matter
relating to the detection or location in the earth of items
which are relatively small compared to the size of the
geoligic formation in which they are found.
(1) Note. The items may be objects such as land mines,
unexploded shells, lost or buried treasure, pipes, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 and 200+, for the detection of concealed objects, not
below the natural surface of the earth, using magnetic or
electromagnetic sensing, as the location of pipe in walls.
Subclass:
327
Using oscillator coupled search head:
This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Subject matter
wherein one or more parameters of an oscillator, coupled to
or formed in conjunction with a coil or antenna moved over
the region of exploration, are monitored.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
332 for subject matter under subclass 323 using a radiant
energy transmitter.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
331, Oscillators, for a particular type of oscillator
circuitry.
Subclass:
328
Of the beat frequency type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter
having means for mixing the search head signal with another
signal to produce a difference frequency output.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
331, Oscillators, 37 for beat frequency oscillator circuits
in general.
Subclass:
329
Using movable transmitter and receiver:
This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Subject matter
wherein an antenna or coil means for generating an
electromagnetic field and a separate pickup coil or antenna
means responsive to the electromagnetic field as modified by
the object to be detected are transported simultaneously over
the area of investigation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
330 for transmitters and receiver combinations used in
aerial surveys.
334 for transmitter-receiver systems for geophysical
prospecting in general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
455, Telecommunications, subclass 575 for portable
transmitter-receiver systems.
Subclass:
330
By aerial survey:
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Subject matter
in which the determination of the electrical property is made
by means which are situated by a substantial distance above
the earth's surface.
(1) Note. The means may, for example, be carried by a
projectile, rocket, aircraft, balloon, or may be supported on
towers. The transportation of such means in a mere surface
vehicle, such as an automobile, is not considered to be
within the scope of this subclass.
Subclass:
331
For magnetic field detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Subject matter
having means for detecting a component of the earth's
magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
345 for magnetic prospecting means in general.
Subclass:
332
With radiant energy or nonconductive-type transmitter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Subject matter
having means for radiating electrostatic or electromagnetic
energy into the earth and for measuring a circuit parameter
of the radiating means.
(1) Note. The means for radiating the energy, for example,
may be an oscillator search coil, and the reaction of the
formation on the oscillator field, due to variable loading,
may furnish the indication which is desired.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
327 for the measurement of oscillator circuit parameters in
small object detection.
Subclass:
333
Within a borehole:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Subject matter
in which the transmitter is adapted for use within a drill
hole in the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
338 for borehole investigation with separate pickup of
radiated energy.
346 for borehole investigation using magnetic means.
351 355 and 366+, for electrode arrangements used in a
borehole.
Subclass:
334
With separate pickup:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Subject matter
having means distinct from the radiating means, for detecting
the energy which has been radiated.
(1) Note. The earth, for example, may act as a mutual
inductance to convey a variable amount of energy from a
transmitter coil to a receiver coil, in dependence upon the
electrical characteristics of the formation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
329 for the detection of small objects using
transmitter-receiver means.
330 for transmitter-receiver systems used in aerial
surveys.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
455, Telecommunications, 39 for particular
transmitter-receiver systems used in communication.
Subclass:
335
Employing multiple frequencies:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
in which more than one frequency is employed for
investigating the subsurface formation between the
transmitter and pickup.
(1) Note. The plurality of frequencies may be produced by
varying the frequency of the signal from a single source, or,
by provision of a plurality of different frequency sources.
Subclass:
336
To detect transient signals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
wherein the transmitter signal is such as to cause decaying
secondary signals to emanate from subsurface ore bodies and
mineral deposits and the pickup means detects such decaying
secondary signals.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
360 for electrode systems which detect transient-type
signals.
Subclass:
337
To detect return wave signals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
having the pickup means positioned at the same location as
the transmitter for receiving reflections or reradiations of
the transmitted signal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, 5 for radar
systems.
Subclass:
338
Within a borehole:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
adapted for use within a drill hole in the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
333 for measuring parameters of a radiant energy means
positioned in the borehole.
346 for borehole investigation using magnetic means.
351 355 and 366+, for electrode arrangements used in a
borehole.
Subclass:
339
By induction logging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 338. Subject matter
in which eddy currents are induced in the formations
surrounding the borehole by an alternating electromagnetic
field from a transmitter coil and a secondary electromagnetic
field set up by the eddy currents induces an electromotive
force in the pickup or receiver coil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
239 for induced voltage-type sensors in magnetic testing.
Subclass:
340
To measure susceptibility:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Subject matter
relating to the measurement of magnetic properties of the
formation.
Subclass:
341
To measure dielectric constant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Subject matter
relating to the measurement of permittivity properties of the
formation.
Subclass:
342
Using a toroidal coil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Subject matter
in which one or both of the transmitter and pickup coils are
in the configuration of a toroid.
Subclass:
343
Using angularly spaced coils:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Subject matter
in which the axis of one or more of the transmitter coils is
nonparallel to the axis of one or more of the receiver
coils.
Subclass:
344
With radiant energy or nonconductive-type receiver:
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Subject matter
having means for receiving electrostatic or electromagnetic
energy from above or below the surface of the earth.
(1) Note. The means, for example, may be responsive to
radiant energy produced by natural sources but not by
artificial sources. Receivers responsive to energy produced
by an artificial source are classifiable elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
332 for this subject matter having transmitter means to
radiate electrostatic or electromagnetic energy into the
earth.
334 for receivers responsive to energy produced by an
artificial source.
359 for a radiant energy pickup means responsive to radiant
energy produced by artificial earth currents.
Subclass:
345
By magnetic means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Subject matter
having magnetic means to determine the electrical
characteristics of the subsurface.
(1) Note. For example, the magnetic field, due to
artificial or natural earth current, may be determined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
331 for determining the magnetic field by aerial survey.
Subclass:
346
Within a borehole:
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Subject matter
adapted for use within a drill hole in the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
303 for magnetic resonance measuring using well logging
systems.
333 for measuring parameters of a radiant energy means
positioned in the borehole.
338 for borehole investigation with separate pickup of
radiant energy.
351 355 and 366+, for electrode arrangements used in a
borehole.
Subclass:
347
Using electrode arrays, circuits, structure, or supports:
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Subject matter
relating to means for introducing electric currents into the
subsurface or for collecting electric currents from the
subsurface by conduction.
(1) Note. This subclass includes the structure or
configuration of one or more electrodes and the means for
supporting such electrodes. The electrodes and their
supports are primarily of the borehole type, although not
limited thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
437 445 through 449, for electrode structures and systems.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, subclass 2.06 and 2.1 for the structure of
electrodes utilized in medical diagnosis, such as gelatin
electrodes.
Subclass:
348
For detecting naturally occurring fields, currents, or
potentials:
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Subject matter
for measuring a field, current, or potential which exists as
a result of the inherent nature of the subsurface formations
and not arising by virtue of an artificial current source.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass naturally occurring
fields, currents, or potentials are considered to include
those resulting from such sources as electric powerlines,
electrical machinery, and underground pipes. These sources
are considered a permanent part of the environment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for detecting potentials in a specific environment.
Subclass:
349
Of the telluric type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Subject matter
wherein the potentials or fields are associated with
naturally occurring variable current which permanently
circulate in vast sheets within the outermost layer of the
earth's crust.
Subclass:
350
Including magneto-telluric type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Subject matter
for carrying out the telluric measurements in conjunction
with measurements of the earth's magnetic field.
Subclass:
351
Within a borehole:
This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Subject matter
adapted for use within a hole which has been drilled or is
being drilled within the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
333 for measuring parameters of a radiant energy means
positioned in the borehole.
338 for borehole investigation with separate pickup of
radiated energy.
346 for borehole investigation using magnetic means.
355 for borehole electrodes coupled to an artificial current
source.
366 for separate pickup electrodes.
Subclass:
352
Combined with artificial source measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Subject matter
including one or more additional types of electrode
measurements employing a source of electrical energy other
than a natural source.
(1) Note. The "additional" types of measurements include
only those which would be classified within this class
(324).
Subclass:
353
With fluid movement or pressure variation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Subject matter
including means for causing the movement of the fluid or
variations in the pressure of the fluid existing within the
borehole or the formations surrounding the borehole.
Subclass:
354
Coupled to artificial current source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Subject matter
in which a parameter of the current introduced into the
subsurface is measured.
Subclass:
355
Within a borehole:
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Subject matter
adapted for use within a drill hole in the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
333 for measuring parameters of a radiant energy means
positioned in the borehole.
338 for borehole investigation with separate pickup of
radiated energy.
346 for borehole investigation using magnetic means.
351 for borehole electrode arrangements used in detecting
naturally occurring fields and potentials.
366 for borehole electrode arrangements with current
emitting electrodes and separate potential pickup
electrodes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.01 for an apparatus or a
process for borehole testing, per se, wherein the test is not
made by purely electrical means or by purely magnetic
measuring means.
Subclass:
356
While drilling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Subject matter
associated with a drill string so that measurements can be
carried out during drilling of the borehole.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
368 for borehole logging while drilling devices having
separate pickup means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.03, 152.19+, and 152.43+ for
an apparatus or a process for borehole testing during
drilling, per se, wherein the test is not made by purely
electrical means or by purely magnetic measuring means.
Subclass:
357
Including separate pickup of generated fields or potentials:
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Subject matter
having means distinct from the current introduction means,
for detecting the fields or potentials resulting from the
current which has been caused to flow into the subsurface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for the detection of potentials caused by current flow in
conducting resistance measurements in general.
Subclass:
358
With three electrodes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Subject matter
having three potential pickup electrodes.
Subclass:
359
With nonelectrode pickup means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Subject matter
having means for detecting radiant energy produced by the
artificial current flow, including magnetic, electromagnetic,
and electrostatic fields.
(1) Note. Subclass 345 takes precedence when detecting a
magnetic field if the means for introducing the artificial
current flow is not significant.
Subclass:
360
Using a pulse-type current source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Subject matter
wherein the current introduced into the subsurface has an
abruptly changing waveform such as a pulse, step impulse,
square wave, etc.
(1) Note. The introduced current may include a single
pulse-type signal or a plurality of such signals.
Subclass:
361
With mechanical current reversing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter
in which the current is caused to reverse direction by
mechanical switching apparatus.
Subclass:
362
To measure induced polarization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter
adapted to determine the polarization effects produced at the
interface between a mineral body and a surrounding
electrolyte in response to current flow.
Subclass:
363
By varying the path of current flow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Subject matter
in which the current introduced is caused to travel through
the subsurface formations over different paths.
Subclass:
364
Using frequency variation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 363. Subject matter
in which the current flow paths are varied by changing the
frequency of the current.
Subclass:
365
Offshore:
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Subject matter
adapted for use on or below the surface of a body of water.
Subclass:
366
For well logging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Subject matter
adapted for use within a drill hole in the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
333 for measuring parameters of a radiant energy means
positioned in the borehole.
338 for borehole investigation with separate pickup of
radiated-energy.
346 for borehole investigation using magnetic means.
351 for borehole electrode arrangements used in detecting
naturally occurring fields and potentials.
355 for borehole electrodes coupled to an artificial current
source.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.02 for formation logging, per
se, in a borehole or a drilling test wherein the measurement
or the analysis is not made by purely electrical means or
purely magnetic means.
Subclass:
367
Using a pad member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter
in which the electrodes are mounted on the face of a support
structure (pad member) adapted to extend into engagement with
the borehole wall.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
374 for pad members used with focussing electrodes.
Subclass:
368
Cased borehole:
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter
in which the drill hole to be investigated contains a metal
sheath or casing.
Subclass:
369
While drilling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter
associated with a drill string so that measurements can be
carried out during drilling of the borehole.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
355 for borehole logging while drilling in which a parameter
of current from an artificial current source is measured.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.03 for formation logging, per
se, in a borehole while drilling, and subclasses 152.19+ and
152.43+ for a borehole or drilling test while drilling
wherein the measurement or the analysis is not made by purely
electrical means or purely magnetic means.
Subclass:
370
Using surface current electrodes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter
in which potentials detected along the borehole are created
by current flowing between electrodes located at the earth's
surface on opposite sides of the borehole.
Subclass:
371
Using plural fields:
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter
having means for creating more than one field in the
formations surrounding the borehole and pickup electrode
means responsive to each of the fields.
(1) Note. The fields may be created simultaneously or at
different times and may have the same or different
frequencies.
Subclass:
372
Between spaced boreholes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter
in which electrode means are lowered within two or more drill
holes in the earth for investigating the formations between
the boreholes.
Subclass:
373
Using current focussing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter
in which main survey current and auxiliary guard current
electrodes are provided so as to confine or "focus" the
survey current to a thin horizontal path into the
formations.
Subclass:
374
Including pad member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter
in which the electrodes are mounted on the face of a support
structure (pad member) adapted to extend into engagement with
the borehole wall.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
367 for nonfocusing electrodes mounted on a pad member.
Subclass:
375
Including plural current focussing arrays:
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter
having more than one focussing electrode configuration on a
single borehole tool.
(1) Note. The plural configurations may include different
focussing electrode systems such as an elongated array
combined with a pad member array, a single type system with
means for switching between electrodes to form the plural
configurations, or separate arrays of the same type
vertically spaced along the borehole. This subclass does not
include a plurality of similar pad member arrays horizontally
spaced around the borehole.
Subclass:
376
OF SUBSURFACE CORE SAMPLE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter relating to the analysis by electrical means
of core samples which have been removed from the subsurface
of the earth.
(1) Note. For a definition of subsurface as used in these
definitions see the definitions of subclass 323 of the
class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
323 for this subject matter where the core sample is
analyzed in situ in the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 152.07, 152.09, and
152.11 for logging a formation by a core sample analysis and
subclasses 152.23+ for a fluid flow measuring or a fluid
analysis in a borehole or drilling test combined with
sampling wherein the measurement or the analysis is not made
by purely electrical means or purely magnetic means.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 44 providing
core position identification for core sample orientation.
Subclass:
377
For magnetic properties:
This subclass is indented under subclass 376. Subject matter
wherein a magnetic property of the sample is analyzed.
(1) Note. For example, magnetic orientation, susceptance,
permeability, dip and strike.
Subclass:
378
INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE IGNITION SYSTEM OR DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter relating to the testing of electrical systems
and devices which cause the rapid combustion of a fuel in an
internal-combustion engine.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, means for
testing spark plugs, spark plug wires, coils, distributor
points, magnetos, ignition timing, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 116 for testing of engines which
do not use an electrical ignition system, for example, diesel
engine.
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 146.5 for
internal-combustion engine structure in combination with the
ignition system under test.
Subclass:
379
With analysis of displayed waveform:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
having a cathode-ray tube (CRT) display or a drive circuit
for a CRT responsive to an electrical ignition system to
display the waveform generated by the ignition system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
394 for the use of a CRT in the testing of spark plugs in
situ.
Subclass:
380
Electronic ignition system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
wherein the ignition system utilizes solid-state switching
devices and electronic components.
(1) Note. These electronic components are, for example,
transistors, zener diodes and oscillators.
Subclass:
381
With magnetically controlled circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Subject matter
wherein a magnetically controlled circuit has no conventional
distributor contact points but uses a magnetic impulse
generator in lieu thereof to trigger the transistor through
an amplifier unit.
Subclass:
382
With capacitor discharge circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Subject matter
wherein conventional distributor breaker points, or a
magnetic impulse generator in the distributor, charges a
capacitor that generally discharges to the primary coil
circuit.
Subclass:
383
By simulating or substituting for a component under test:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
wherein the test is made by providing the test instrument
with a standard, or ideal, component, or components, arranged
to be connected into the ignition system under test for
similar components therein and thereby indicate faulty
components by eliminating the components which are not
operating properly.
Subclass:
384
Using plural tests in a conventional ignition system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
wherein two or more diverse electrical components in an
ignition system are tested.
Subclass:
385
Distributor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
including means for testing components in the primary and
secondary circuits of the distributor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
421 for contact resistance test.
Subclass:
386
Dwell (i.e., cam angle):
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Subject matter
wherein the number of degrees the distributor cam rotates
from the time the breaker points close until they open again
is measured.
(1) Note. This subclass includes instruments which measure
both dwell and revolutions per minute.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
160 for electrical speed measuring.
Subclass:
387
Condenser:
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Subject matter
for testing the operation of the energy storing component in
the primary circuit of the ignition system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
60 for measuring capacitance.
Subclass:
388
Coil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
including means for testing the operation of the voltage
transformer of the ignition circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
59 for measuring inductance.
Subclass:
389
Magneto:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
including means for testing the operation of the magnetic
pulse generator of the ignition circuit.
Subclass:
390
Low or high tension lead:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
including means for testing the electrical condition of the
wires in the primary or secondary circuit of the ignition
system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for fault testing and circuit continuity.
54 for insulation testing.
62 for measuring resistance or conductivity.
Subclass:
391
Ignition timing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
including means for measuring the time when a high voltage
surge is provided to fire a spark plug for a particular
cylinder relative to the position of the piston in the
cylinder.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 116 for measuring the timing of
engines which do not use an electrical ignition system, for
example, diesel engines.
Subclass:
392
Using a pulse signal technique:
This subclass is indented under subclass 391. Subject matter
wherein the timing measurement is achieved by using pulse
signal processing (e.g., digital processing).
Subclass:
393
In situ testing of spark plug:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
wherein the spark plug is tested while in the engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
403 for testing of discharge characteristics of space
discharge devices including spark plugs.
Subclass:
394
With cathode-ray tube display:
This subclass is indented under subclass 393. Subject matter
having a cathode-ray tube (CRT) display or a drive circuit
for a CRT responsive to an electrical ignition system to
display the waveform generated by the ignition system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
379 for the general use of a CRT in the testing of
internal-combustion engine ignition systems.
Subclass:
395
Using an illuminating device to indicate spark plug
condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 393. Subject matter
wherein a glow device (e.g., lamp bulb, neon tube, etc.)
indicates whether or not a spark plug is operating properly.
Subclass:
396
With an air gap in series with spark plug to indicate spark
plug condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 393. Subject matter
having the air gap connected in series with the spark plug
secondary circuit to give an indication of the condition of
the spark plug.
Subclass:
397
By shorting the plug to ground to indicate spark plug
condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 393. Subject matter
wherein the test to indicate the condition of a spark plug
consists of shorting the plug to ground and observing the
change in the speed of the engine.
Subclass:
398
With air gap in ground circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Subject matter
having the air gap connected in parallel with the spark plug
circuit.
Subclass:
399
Wherein a measured electric quantity indicates spark plug
condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 393. Subject matter
wherein an electric characteristic (e.g., current, voltage,
resistance, etc.) is evaluated or measured to indicate
whether or not a spark plug is operating properly.
Subclass:
400
Spark plug removed or tested in a test fixture:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
wherein the spark plug is removed from the engine or placed
in a test fixture to determine the condition of the plug.
Subclass:
401
Using a pressure chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the test fixture has a means for testing the plug
under pressure.
Subclass:
402
Apparatus for coupling a measuring instrument to an ignition
system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
relating to devices which pick up signals from the ignition
system and apply them to an analyzer.
Subclass:
403
ELECTRIC LAMP OR DISCHARGE DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising systems, apparatus, and methods for
testing the operativeness or characteristics of electric
lamps or electric discharge devices.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, systems for
determining the lumen output per watt of input for electric
lamps.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 for the measurement of the resistance of lamp filaments
as long as the claims are not limited to the filaments being
mounted in the lamp. These subclasses (20) provide for
electrical systems for testing the characteristics of
incandescent lamps, including the testing of the resistance
of the filament within the lamp.
378 for this subject matter utilized to test spark plugs or
ignition systems.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
appropriate subclasses for methods and apparatus for
automatically separating and assorting, or segregating in
grades or classes according to physical characteristics,
lamps, and space discharge devices.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass
120 and 129+ for systems for operating an electric lamp
and/or discharge device, the systems including signal,
indicator, or alarm means to indicate some condition
affecting the operation of the lamp or discharge device.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 121 for lamp beam
direction or pattern tests with or without focussing of the
lamp; subclass 123 for tests to determine the position of a
filament with respect to its optical system; and subclasses
213+ for photometers.
445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device
Manufacturing, 3 for processes; and subclasses 63+ for
apparatus for the manufacture of electric lamps or discharge
devices which include an operation of testing or means to
test the operativeness of the lamp or discharge device.
455, Telecommunications, appropriate subclasses for
miscellaneous apparatus and systems for testing radio
circuits.
Subclass:
404
Cathode-ray tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter
for testing a discharge device which has means for forming
the electric discharge into a restricted beam or ray.
Subclass:
405
Vacuum tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter
for testing a device which is intended to have an electrical
current flow between two spaced electrodes, at least part of
the path followed by the discharge being constituted by a
gas, vapor, or vacuum.
Subclass:
406
Plural tubes in the testing circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter
having a plurality of vacuum tubes connected in the testing
circuit during the testing operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass
130 for miscellaneous plural load device systems having
means to indicate a condition affecting the operation of one
or more of the lamps and/or discharge devices; and subclasses
312+ and the subclasses specified in the notes to the
definitions of these subclasses for miscellaneous systems for
supplying electric energy to a plurality of lamps and/or
discharge devices.
Subclass:
407
Testing circuit for diverse-type tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter
wherein the testing system or apparatus is provided with
means so that two or more types of vacuum tubes may be tested
by the same apparatus or system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 178 and
the subclasses specified in the notes to the definitions of
these subclasses for miscellaneous systems for operating a
plurality of diverse-type load devices.
Subclass:
408
Circuit for making diverse test:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter
wherein the testing circuit or apparatus is designed to test
a plurality of different characteristics of conditions of
vacuum tubes under examination.
(1) Note. Making a plurality of tests for short circuits
between different electrodes is considered to be plural
diverse testing for this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
407 wherein the method, apparatus, or testing circuit is
designed for use with vacuum tubes of different types.
Subclass:
409
Testing discharge space characteristic (e.g., emission):
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter
wherein the testing circuit or apparatus is designed to test
the condition between two or more of the discharge electrodes
of an electric discharge device, or is designed to test the
characteristics of the interelectrode discharge space of a
discharge device.
(1) Note. These subclasses including testing for short
circuits between the electrodes of the discharge device and
also deriving an operating characteristic of the discharge
device such as the mutual conductance, amplification factor,
etc. The testing of the impedance characteristic between one
pair of electrodes is not deemed diverse type testing merely
because that characteristic may be either normal or abnormal
though short circuiting.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
408 for apparatus, systems, and methods for making a
plurality of different tests.
Subclass:
410
With application of current or potential to the discharge
control means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Subject matter
wherein the circuit used in making the test includes means to
impress current or potential upon the discharge control means
of a vacuum tube.
Subclass:
411
Pulsating or alternating current or potential for the
discharge control means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 410. Subject matter
wherein the current or potential impressed upon the discharge
control means is pulsating or alternating current or
potential.
Subclass:
412
Pulsating or alternating current for the anode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Subject matter
wherein the circuit used in making the test includes means to
impress pulsating or alternating current or potential upon
the anode of the vacuum tube.
Subclass:
413
Shock testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter
in which the internal components of the vacuum tube are
tested for mechanical vibration by striking the tube envelope
with a hammer element.
Subclass:
414
Electric lamp:
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter
for testing a device which converts electrical energy into
visible light or ultraviolet light.
Subclass:
415
ELECTROMECHANICAL SWITCHING DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter relating to the testing of operational
characteristics of electromechanical devices which open and
close or change the connection of a circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 635 for monitoring the
condition of electrical apparatus.
Subclass:
416
Voltage regulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Subject matter
which includes determining the electrical properties of an
electromechanical device which maintains a load voltage
nearly constant over a range of variations of input voltage
and load current.
Subclass:
417
Thermostat switch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Subject matter
wherein the device under test consists of a temperature
responsive circuit element which transforms temperature
change to a change in the open or closed state of mating
electrical contact surfaces.
Subclass:
418
Relay:
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Subject matter
wherein the device under test consists of a switch contact
member actuated by an electromagnet acting against a spring
biased member to open or close switch contact surfaces.
Subclass:
419
Reed switch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Subject matter
in which the relay to be tested is of the reed switch type.
Subclass:
420
To evaluate contact chatter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Subject matter
wherein the resonant frequency at which the relay contact
surfaces make and break a circuit is determined.
Subclass:
421
To evaluate contact resistance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Subject matter
in which the magnitude of resistance to current flow across
mating contact surfaces is determined.
Subclass:
422
To evaluate contact sequence of operation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Subject matter
in which the order of make and break operation of plural
contacts is determined.
Subclass:
423
To evaluate contact response time:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Subject matter
in which the rate of time resulting from contact separation
as well as closure is determined.
Subclass:
424
Circuit breaker:
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Subject matter
in which the electrical properties inherent to contacts
separating in a high voltage-high current circuit are
determined.
Subclass:
425
ELECTROLYTE PROPERTIES:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for testing the electrolyte of electrolytic
devices, or having electrolytic means for performing the
testing to determine specific electrical properties of the
electrolyte.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 400 as the
residual home for apparatus used for electrolytic analysis or
testing, per se.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 775 as the residual
home for a process of electrolyltic analysis or testing, per
se.
Subclass:
426
Using a battery testing device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Subject matter
in which the testing device used is specifically designed to
test the condition of or properties of a battery.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example, means for
testing the conditions of dry cells by means which measure
terminal voltage under load.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76 for electric meters, per se, such as voltmeters which can
be utilized to measure battery voltage. Note especially
subclass 145.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
320, Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or
Discharging, appropriate subclass for an indicator for a
battery condition in combination with a battery or capacitor
charging or discharging circuit.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 636 for means for
permanently indicating the condition of a battery.
429, Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus,
Product and Process, 90 for testing and indicating where
specific battery structure is claimed.
Subclass:
427
To determine ampere-hour charge capacity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Subject matter
in which the charge capacity of a battery is determined by
external electrical measurement.
Subclass:
428
Including an integrating device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Subject matter
in which a charge accumulating or counting device is
connected to the battery terminals in order to show the
amount of remaining battery charge.
Subclass:
429
To determine load/no-load voltage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Subject matter
in which battery condition is determined by terminal voltage
measurement with and without a connected load.
Subclass:
430
To determine internal battery impedance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Subject matter
with circuitry connected to the battery for the purpose of
measuring internal battery impedance.
Subclass:
431
With temperature compensation of measured condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Subject matter
in which a measurement of battery capacity is made under
varied temperature conditions.
Subclass:
432
To determine battery electrolyte condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Subject matter
involving an electrical conductivity measurement of a battery
electrolyte directly to determine a battery state of charge.
Subclass:
433
To compare battery voltage with a reference voltage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Subject matter
for comparing a test battery terminal voltage with a
reference voltage in an electrical circuit and determining
battery condition as a result of the comparison.
Subclass:
434
To determine plural cell condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Subject matter
including electrical connection to the individual cells of a
battery for status determination of each cell and resultant
subsequent determination of the battery condition.
Subclass:
435
Having particular meter scale or indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Subject matter
having an electrical measuring instrument face, scale, or
indicator of particular interest.
Subclass:
436
Including oscillator in measurement circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Subject matter
in which an oscillator connected to a battery to be measured
provides an output signal corresponding to battery
condition.
Subclass:
437
Including probe structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Subject matter
including the structural connector which makes contact with a
battery to be tested.
Subclass:
438
Using a pH determining device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Subject matter
using a device designed to determine the hydrogen ion
concentration of an electrolyte.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 242 for pH
cells, per se.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 1 for
this subject matter involving a chemical reaction, such as,
for example, tests in which an electrolytic determination is
made subsequent to a chemical reaction.
Subclass:
439
Using a conductivity determining device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Subject matter
using a device designed to determine the conductivity of an
electrolyte.
Subclass:
440
Which includes a dropping mercury cell:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Subject matter
wherein voltage is applied to a reference electrode and a
mercury drop electrode immersed in an electrolyte, whereby
the oxidation or reduction at the mercury drop electrode
alters the passage of current through the electrode thereby
providing an indication of the conductivity of the
electrolyte at that voltage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 219 for movable
liquid electrode cells, per se.
Subclass:
441
Which includes a temperature responsive element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Subject matter
in which conductivity measurement is made under temperature
compensated conditions.
Subclass:
442
Which includes an oscillator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Subject matter
including the passage of alternating current generated by an
oscillator through the electrolyte in which resultant current
flow is a measure of electrolyte conductivity.
Subclass:
443
Having a bridge circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Subject matter
including a conductivity cell under test as the arm of a
bridge circuit.
Subclass:
444
Which includes current and voltage electrodes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Subject matter
including separate pairs of electrodes in which one pair
supplies current to an electrolyte and another pair provides
a voltage to be measured thereacross.
Subclass:
445
Having inductance probe structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Subject matter
in which an electrolyte provides a mutual inductance medium
path between the transmitter and receiver coils of a probe
element.
Subclass:
446
Having conductance probe structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Subject matter
in which conductance probe element is of particular
interest.
Subclass:
447
With movable or adjustable electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Subject matter
including movement or adjustment of probe electrodes with
respect to one another.
Subclass:
448
With concentric electrodes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Subject matter
having probe electrodes positioned concentrically with
respect to one another.
Subclass:
449
With axially arranged electrodes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Subject matter
having probe electrodes positioned axially with respect to
one another.
Subclass:
450
Which includes particular cell container structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Subject matter
in which the cell container structure is of particular
interest.
Subclass:
451
A MATERIAL PROPERTY USING THERMOELECTRIC PHENOMENON:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein an electromotive force is generated by
a temperature difference between the junctions in a circuit
composed of two homogeneous electrical conductors of
dissimilar compositions; or in a nonhomogeneous conductor, an
electromotive force is produced by a temperature gradient in
a nonhomogeneous region and used to identify the different
types of materials forming the junctions or to measure
properties of these materials.
(1) Note. This thermoelectric effect is often referred to
as the Seebeck effect.
(2) Note. The material under test forms an integral part of
the thermoelectric junction across which the electromotive
force is generated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
106 for measuring electricity, per se, having means whose
temperature is varied in accordance with the electricity
being measured.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 179 for a thermometer
having a thermoelectric sensor.
Subclass:
452
A MATERIAL PROPERTY USING ELECTROSTATIC PHENOMENON:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein electrostatic charges are placed upon
the material under test and monitored to determine some
property of the material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 for using electrostatic attraction or repulsion for
measuring electricity, per se, rather than a material
property.
Subclass:
453
In a liquid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter
wherein the charged material is either a liquid or a material
being carried along by a liquid.
(1) Note. If the charged material is a gas, vapor, smoke,
or particle in the latter environment it is classified with
the subject matter under ionization. Only charged material in
a liquid is found here.
Subclass:
454
Frictionally induced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter
wherein an electrostatic charge is placed upon the material
by the mechanical separation of electrical charges of
opposite sign by processes such as sliding or rubbing
dissimilar objects, and the charge is then monitored as a
measure of the material property.
Subclass:
455
Corona induced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter
wherein the electrostatic charge is placed upon the material
by corona discharge.
Subclass:
456
For flaw detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter
wherein electrostatically charged particles are placed upon
the test material and collect at flaw locations to indicate
the position of the flaw.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
216 for magnetic particle flaw detection.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, for flaw testing using fluorescent or
luminescent materials.
Subclass:
457
ELECTROSTATIC FIELD:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for measuring the strength of the vector force
field set up in the vicinity of nonmoving electrical
charges.
(1) Note. The instruments used for measuring an
electrostatic field are called electrometers and this
subclass is the generic location for such instruments.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for testing potential in a specific environment using
electrometers wherein the environment is a significant factor
in the measurement.
109 for electrostatic attraction or repulsion measurement of
electricity, per se.
Subclass:
458
Using modulation-type electrometer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Subject matter
wherein the electrostatic phenomenon being monitored is
modulated by movement of one of the elements of the
electometer to thereby generate an alternating current signal
proportional to the phenomenon being measured.
(1) Note. As an example, this measurement can be in the
form of a rotating vane cutting the electrostatic field or a
plate moving toward and away from the field.
Subclass:
459
USING IONIZATION EFFECTS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein a medium is ionized and the ionized
medium is used to measure or monitor a property or condition
distinct from the cause of the ionization.
(1) Note. The patents here are measuring a property or
condition separate or distinct from the ionized medium
itself.
(2) Note. Where the pressure of the ionized medium or its
constituents or properties itself are being monitored, it
will be found in one of the indented subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 306 for using charged particles to
inspect solids or liquids; also, subclasses 374+ for sensing
invisible radiation, per se, which causes ionization. The
ionization is a measure of the ionizing radiation. Testing
for other than radiation, by ionizing means, is classified
here.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, for
discharge devices, per se, which depend upon ionization for
its operation. See 129 for indicating some condition of a
load device such as a discharge tube.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 579 for systems
for detecting flame by ionization means; subclass 600 for
systems for detecting radiant energy; and subclass 629 for
systems for detecting smoke using ionization means.
Subclass:
460
For monitoring pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Subject matter
wherein the pressure within an area is monitored by ionizing
the gas or vapor therein and then analyzing the ionization.
(1) Note. The gas or vapor may be ionized by application of
a radio frequency field to the area and the glow discharge
then analyzed. The color of the glow is an indication of
pressure.
(2) Note. The discharge characteristics, i.e., voltage or
current can also be measured as an indication of pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 384 for atmospheric
pressure measurement not involving ionization; also
subclasses 700+ for fluid pressure measurement not involving
ionization.
Subclass:
461
Using a radioactive substance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 460. Subject matter
wherein a radioactive material is used to ionize the gas or
vapor in the environment wherein the pressure is being
measured.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 600 for systems
for detecting radiant energy.
Subclass:
462
Using thermionic emissions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 460. Subject matter
wherein a heated element emits electrons which collide with
and ionize the gas or vapor in the environment wherein the
pressure is being monitored.
(1) Note. The collision produces positive ions, which are
collected. The rate of formation of ions is approximately
proportional to gas pressure.
Subclass:
463
Using a magnetic field:
This subclass is indented under subclass 460. Subject matter
wherein a magnetic field is used with an ionizing electron
source to cause the electrons to flow in a longer path.
(1) Note. This longer path increases the probability of
ionizing collisions.
(2) Note. The magnetic field here is not used to ionize the
gas. The field can be alternating current or direct current
and can originate from an electromagnet or permanent magnet.
Subclass:
464
For analysis of gas, vapor, or particles of matter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Subject matter
wherein a gas, vapor, or particles of matter to be monitored
are ionized and the ionized material is then monitored to
determine properties of the material itself.
(1) Note. The discharge properties of a gas, vapor, etc.,
can be monitored, i.e., current and voltage. Also, the glow
of the discharge can be used to indicate the properties of
the test material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, subclass 232 for gas
analysis wherein a chemical reaction is involved.
73, Measuring and Testing, 19 for gas analysis wherein the
gas is not ionized as part of the analysis.
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for similar
subject matter specifically provided for therein.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 629 for
ionization gas detectors wherein the indication is in the
form of an alarm. If the indication is nonquantitative,
i.e., alarm, classification is in Class 340. If indication
is quantitative (except for smoke detectors as noted above in
Class 250) or there is a combination of quantitative and
nonquantitative indicators, classification is in Class 324.
Subclass:
465
Using electronegative gas sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
wherein a gas whose molecules exhibit electron affinity or an
ability to pick up free electrons and form negative ions, is
sensed.
(1) Note. These types of sensors normally utilize an
ionization source to ionize a carrier gas in which the
electronegative gas is present.
(2) Note. These devices are often called electron capture
detectors.
(3) Note. Some examples of electronegative gases are
O[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt], HCL, SO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt],
C1[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] and Freon gas.
Subclass:
466
Using a filter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
wherein a filter or membrane is used, which passes only the
gas, vapor, etc., which is to be tested, to the ionization
chamber where it is ionized and analyzed.
Subclass:
467
Using test material desorption:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
wherein the material to be monitored is placed upon a
filament which is heated until the material evaporates
(desorbs) forming ions which are then analyzed.
Subclass:
468
Using thermal ionization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
wherein the gas, vapor, etc., to be monitored contacts a
heated positive electrode causing positive ion emission,
which ions are then collected for analysis by a negative
electrode spaced from the heated positive electrode.
(1) Note. The mechanism here differs from thermionic
emission ionization below since ionization is not caused by
electron collision.
Subclass:
469
Using a radioactive substance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
wherein a radioactive material is used to ionize the gas,
vapor, etc., to be analyzed.
Subclass:
470
Using thermionic emission:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter
wherein a heated element emits electrons which ionize the
gas, vapor, etc., to be analyzed.
Subclass:
500
FAULT DETECTING IN ELECTRIC CIRCUITS AND OF ELECTRIC
COMPONENTS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including means for testing for the existence,
or location, of an electrical defect by providing a
quantitative or nonquantitative output.
(1) Note. The indented subclasses under this subclass have
three main sections: (I) Special types of fault testing
circuits and instruments; (II) Circuits and instruments for
locating faults; (III) Circuits and instruments for testing
electric elements for faults.
(2) Note. This subclass includes fault detecting circuits
and fault detecting instruments.
(3) Note. The instruments are classified with the type of
test, or the element tested, if a particular subclass
exists.
(4) Note. This subclass includes the following faults: (A)
Ground Fault - where defective insulation causes an
electrical conductor to leak current to ground; (B) Short
Circuit - where defective insulation causes two electrical
conductors to come in contact unintentionally; (C) Open
Circuit - where a electrical conductor breaks.
(5) Note. If the fault detecting circuit produces a
quantitative output indication, it is included in this
subclass.
(6) Note. If the fault detecting circuit produces a
nonquantitative output indication and it is temporarily
connected to the object under test, it is included in this
subclass.
(7) Note. If the fault detecting circuit produces a
nonquantitative output indication and it is permanently
connected to the object under test, it is not included in
this subclass. For this, see the search note below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 500 for fault detecting
circuit that produces a nonquantitative output indication
permanently connected to the object under test; subclasses
635+ for determining the condition of electrical apparatus
where a fault testing circuit produces a nonquantitative
output and the test circuit is permanently connected to the
apparatus under test.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 23 for
safety and protection of systems and devices which include
fault sensing combined with control.
Subclass:
501
Using radiant energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein some form of radiant energy, e.g., electron beam,
light, etc., is used to test the continuity of a conductor
line.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71.3 for using a beam of atomic particles to determine
nonelectric properties by measuring electric properties.
133 for nonquantitative indication, e.g., polarity testers
and "hot line" indicators.
Subclass:
502
In an ignitor or detonator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein a test is made to check the ability of a circuit, or
component thereof to fire an explosive device.
(1) Note. The test could relate to a switch for a blasting
device, primer for electrically fired ammunition, ignition
circuit of rocket motors, continuity testing of explosive
igniting circuits, etc.
Subclass:
503
In vehicle wiring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
to determine the presence of faults located in vehicle
circuits.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, testers for
determining whether a short exists in the lighting circuit of
an automobile.
(2) Note. This subclass does not include the testing of
ignition systems or devices in vehicle internal combustion
engines. Also, this subclass does not include the testing of
vehicle generating systems.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
158 for testing vehicle generating systems.
378 for testing vehicle ignition systems.
Subclass:
504
With trailer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Subject matter
for testing the operability of various lighting and signal
circuits located on trailers.
Subclass:
505
Combined with window glass:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Subject matter
for testing the continuity of electrical conductors embedded
in a glass sheet, deposited on a glass sheet, or laminated
between a pair of glass sheets.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, the testing
for discontinuities in resistive heating strips supported on
rear windows of motor vehicles and antenna wires located in
vehicle windshields.
Subclass:
506
Combined with a flashlight:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
where a flashlight is modified to include an electric
tester.
Subclass:
507
With fuse testing attachment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Subject matter
where a flashlight is modified to include an adapter for
testing continuity in fuses.
Subclass:
508
With electric power receptacle for line wire testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
where a tester is adapted to be inserted into an electric
outlet socket or receptacle for testing the electrical
circuits connected to the electrical receptacle.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, means for
determining if a receptacle is wired correctly, the quality
of a ground, continuity, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
509 for ground faults.
541 for insulation fault in a multiconductor cable.
544 for insulation fault in a single conductor cable.
551 for insulation fault.
Subclass:
509
Of ground fault indication:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
for detecting an unintentional electrical path where
defective insulation causes an electrical conductor to leak
current to ground.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
508 for determining a ground fault in a line wire connected
to a receptacle.
541 for insulation fault in a multiconductor cable.
544 for insulation fault in a single conductor cable.
551 for insulation fault.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 42 for
ground fault protection control circuits, and subclass 170
for relay circuits responsive to external conditions.
Subclass:
510
Of electrically operated apparatus (power tool, appliance,
machine, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 509. Subject matter
for detecting an undesirable current leakage between an
ungrounded and grounded part of equipment normally caused by
defective insulation.
(1) Note. The object under test could be an electric
circuit, or a portable device, where detection is limited to
a ground fault.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
511 for electrical faults, other than a ground fault, or
other faults in addition to a ground fault, in an
electrically operated power tool, appliance, machine,
equipment, etc.
Subclass:
511
Of electrically operated apparatus (power tool, appliance,
machine, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
for testing the condition of electric power tools,
appliances, machines, equipment, etc., for safe use with
respect to proper grounding, shorts or continuity.
(1) Note. This subclass is distinguishable from subclass
510 in that it includes faults, other than a ground fault, or
it can include the faults along with a ground fault.
Subclass:
512
For fault location:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
where a signal produced indicates either direction or
distance to a fault.
(1) Note. Subclasses, which are indented under fault
location, distinguish from the main sections preceding and
subsequent thereto in that here, under the fault location
section, a determination is made as to where the fault is
located as opposed to whether or not a fault exists.
(2) Note. The indented subclasses under this subclass
include a circuit or an instrument for determining the
location of a defect.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
379, Telephonic Communications, subclass 175.3, for locating
faults in telephone lines.
Subclass:
513
Where components moves while under test:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter
where component under test is moved linearly, or by
stressing, bending, rotating, jarring, vibrating, flexing,
etc., while under test.
(1) Note. This subclass includes for example, a cable under
test passing a stationary sensing electrode, which locates a
fault in the cable, as a cable is wound on a takeup reel.
Subclass:
514
By exposing component to liquid or gas while under test:
This subclass is indented under subclass 513. Subject matter
where the component under test is immersed, passes through,
or contacts a liquid or gas while a test is being made.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
547 for transformer testing.
553 for insulating oil testing.
557 testing for insulation fault of a noncircuit element.
Subclass:
515
Using a particular sensing electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 513. Subject matter
where details of the sensing electrode are significant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
529 for magnetic field sensor structure.
530 for electric field sensor structure.
Subclass:
516
Metal chain:
This subclass is indented under subclass 515. Subject matter
where the sensing electrode comprises flexible linked
elements which contact the moving component under test.
Subclass:
517
Wire bristles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 515. Subject matter
where the sensing electrode comprises stiff flexible spring
wire elements which contact the moving component under test.
Subclass:
518
Metal pellets or beads:
This subclass is indented under subclass 515. Subject matter
where the sensing electrode comprises metal spheres which
contact the moving component under test.
Subclass:
519
By capacitance measuring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter
where a capacitance related signal is used to locate a break,
ground or short in a conductor.
Subclass:
520
By frequency sensitive or responsive detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter
where a frequency related signal is used to locate a break,
ground, or short in a conductor.
Subclass:
521
By phase sensitive or responsive detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter
where a phase related signal is used to locate a break,
ground, or short in a conductor.
Subclass:
522
By voltage or current measuring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter
where a fault causes a change or abnormality of a normal
condition to produce a voltage drop or a current surge etc.,
which is detected to locate the fault.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
56, 57, 65, 91.1+, and 93.1+ for safety and protection of
systems and devices which include voltage and current
responsive fault sensors. Subclass 187 for voltage or
current level condition responsive relay control circuits.
Subclass:
523
Of an applied test signal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 522. Subject matter
where a measured fault signal is derived from the voltage or
current of a applied test signal to indicate the location of
the fault.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
527 for applying a test signal where means other than
voltage or current are measured to locate a fault.
Subclass:
524
Polarity responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 522. Subject matter
where direction or distance to a fault is determined by a
positive or negative signal.
Subclass:
525
By resistance or impedance measuring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter
where measured resistance or impedance value indicate the
location of a fault.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 for impedance measuring and testing.
62 for resistance measuring.
Subclass:
526
Using a bridge circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 525. Subject matter
where resistance values are evaluated by a circuit which
compares the resistance values to locate a fault.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
Dig. 1, for bridge circuits.
Subclass:
527
By applying a test signal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter
where a test signal is applied to the conductor under test to
locate the fault.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
523 for measuring the current or voltage of an applied test
signal to locate a fault.
Subclass:
528
Tracing test signal of fault location:
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Subject matter
where an applied test signal undergoes a change at the
location of the fault.
Subclass:
529
Using a magnetic field sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 528. Subject matter
where a search or exploring coil responds to a magnetic field
produced by the applied test signal to determine fault
location.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
200 for magnetic testing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass 93.6 for
abnormal current condition protection including transformer
sensor.
Subclass:
530
Using an electric field sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 528. Subject matter
where a capacitive pickup device for probe responds to an
electric field produced by the applied test signal to
determine fault location.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
60 for capacitance measuring.
61 for capacitance measuring to determine a nonelectric
property.
Subclass:
531
At fault site:
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Subject matter
where the applied test signal causes, creates, or produces a
fault signal at or near the fault site.
Subclass:
532
Using time measuring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Subject matter
where the applied test signal is evaluated as to time to
indicate the location of a fault.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
535 where the defect produces a fault signal which is
evaluated as to time to indicate fault location.
Subclass:
533
Of reflected test signal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Subject matter
where the defect causes the applied test signal to be
reflected and the reflected signal is evaluated as to time to
determine the location of the fault.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
534 for reflection evaluation techniques which do use an
applied test signal.
Subclass:
534
By reflection technique:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter
where the defect causes, creates, or produces a fault signal
which is reflected and evaluated to indicate the location of
the fault.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
533 for an evaluation of a reflected applied test signal to
indicate fault location.
Subclass:
535
By time measuring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter
where a defect produces a fault signal which is evaluated as
to time to indicate the location of the fault.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
532 for an evaluation of the time of an applied test signal
to indicate fault location.
Subclass:
536
By spark or arc discharge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter
where a defect causes a voltage breakdown at a void or
discontinuity to indicate the location of a fault.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
514 where a component is tested while exposed to a liquid or
a gas.
530 where an electric field sensor is used to locate a
fault.
Subclass:
537
Of individual circuit component or element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
relating to the detection of the presence or absence of a
defect in an electric component, or element, by giving a
nonquantitative indication thereof.
(1) Note. This subclass includes a circuit, or an
instrument, which is used to test the particular component or
element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for testing semiconductors for a nonelectrical property.
378 for testing internal combustion engine ignition
testing.
403 for testing lamp or discharge devices.
415 for testing switching devices.
425 for battery testing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 635 for monitoring the
condition of electric components and elements.
Subclass:
538
Electrical connectors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter
for detecting open and closed circuit conditions in an
electrical apparatus and the correctness of inner circuit
connections in multi-connection devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66 for determining the location of a particular conductor or
for identifying a particular conductor out of many.
415 for the testing of operational characteristics of
electro-mechanical devices which open and close or change the
connections of a circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
439, Electrical Connectors, appropriate subclasses for
structural details of electrical connectors.
Subclass:
539
Multiconductor cable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter
wherein an assembly of more than one conductor is tested to
determine if the conductors are continuous, grounded or
shorted by giving a nonquantitative indication.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
513 where the conductors move while under test.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 651 for testing
the condition of plural circuit conductors.
Subclass:
540
With sequencer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 539. Subject matter
where a mechanical or electrical device is included which
tests one cable after another for a defect.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 for making a plurality of tests automatically.
Subclass:
541
For insulation fault:
This subclass is indented under subclass 539. Subject matter
for checking a defect in a nonconductive material which
separate one conductor from another and causes an
unintentional electrical path between two conductors.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
509 where an insulation failure in a circuit causes an
unintentional current leakage to ground.
544 for an insulation defect in a single conductor.
551 for detecting the presence of a defect in a
nonconductive material used in an electric circuit or
component in general.
557 for detecting defects in insulating material not used in
an electric circuit or component.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 647 and 651 for
testing the condition of insulation.
Subclass:
542
Having a light or sound indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 539. Subject matter
where a visual or audible device makes information available
to a human concerning the existence of a defect in a
multiconductor cable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
503 for testers having light or sound indicators.
538 for electrical connectors having light indicators.
540 for multiconductor cable testers having light
indicators.
556 for fault testing instruments and devices having lamp or
light indicators.
Subclass:
543
Single conductor cable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter
which includes a solid conductor, or stranded group of solid
cylindrical conductors, having a low resistance to flow,
together with any insulation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
513 where a conductor si in motion while under test.
Subclass:
544
For insulation fault:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
for checking a defect in a nonconductive material which
separates the conductor from an unintentional electrical path
to ground.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
509 where an insulation failure in a circuit causes an
unintentional current leakage to ground.
541 for an insulation fault in a multiconductor cable.
551 for detecting a defect in a nonconductive material used
in an electric circuit or component in general.
557 for detecting defects in insulating material not used in
an electric circuit or component.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 647 for testing
the condition of insulation.
Subclass:
545
Armature or rotor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter
for testing the rotating part of a generator or motor.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include the testing of an
assembled motor or generator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
772 for motor generator testing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 648 for testing
the condition of a motor.
Subclass:
546
Winding or coil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter
for testing a number of turns of wire wound around an iron
core or onto a form made of insulating material, or one which
is self supporting.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
59 for measuring inductive reactance quantitatively.
200 for magnetic field testing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 646 for testing
the condition of a transformer.
Subclass:
547
Transformer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 546. Subject matter
for checking a defect in a component of an electrical device,
which transfers electric energy from one winding to another
by electromagnetic induction, and gives a "go-no-go" type of
indication.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, the checking
for excessive surge characteristics such as voltage, impulse
produced failures, faults in insulation of windings, failure
of insulating liquid, corone discharges, excessive moisture
content of insulation, etc.
(2) Note. This subclass does not include the testing of
transformer properties, e.g., the ratio of windings.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for testing transformer properties.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 646 for checking
the condition of a transformer.
Subclass:
548
Capacitor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter
for checking the condition of a circuit element, consisting
of at least two conducting surfaces separated by an
insulator, and giving a "go-no-go" type of indication or
checking the condition of any part thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
60 for measuring capacitance quantitatively.
509 where an insulation failure in a circuit causes an
unintentional leakage to ground.
541 for insulation fault in a multiconductor cable.
544 for an insulation defect in a single conductor.
551 for detecting a defect in a nonconducting material used
in an electric circuit or component in general.
557 for detecting defects in insulating material not used in
an electric circuit or component.
Subclass:
549
Resistor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter
for checking the condition of a circuit element, which is
designed to offer a predetermined opposition to current flow,
by giving a "go-no-go" type of indication.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
62 for measuring resistance or conductance quantitatively.
Subclass:
550
Fuse:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter
for checking the condition of a circuit protective element
designed to open the circuit when current exceeds a rated
value, by giving a "go-no-go" indication.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
507 for flashlights with fuse testing attachments.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 638 for detecting
the condition of a fuse or circuit breaker.
Subclass:
551
Insulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter
for checking a defect in a nonconductive material which
separates the conductor from an unintentional electrical path
between another conductor or ground.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
509 for ground fault indication.
541 for insulating fault in a multiconductor cable.
544 for insulation fault in a single conductor.
548 for insulator faults in a capacitor.
557 for detecting faults in insulating material not used in
an electric circuit or component.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electric, subclass 647 for checking
the condition insulation.
Subclass:
552
Bushing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 551. Subject matter
where the insulation qualities of an insulating element which
electrically isolates, and is generally used to support, a
conductor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
557 for insulation fault of a noncircuit element.
Subclass:
553
Oil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 551. Subject matter
wherein the insulating qualities of an oil used in electrical
equipment is tested.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
547 for transformers where insulating oils are used.
548 for capacitors where insulating oils are used.
Subclass:
554
Sheet material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 551. Subject matter
where sheets of insulating material used for electric
circuits and in electric components are tested for insulation
qualities.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
548 for capacitor which use insulating sheet material as a
dielectric.
557 for testing qualities of insulating materials in
general.
Subclass:
555
Instruments and devices for fault testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
relating to apparatus and circuits for detecting defects in
electric circuits or electric components.
(1) Note. If the apparatus is specifically designed for a
special application, for example, testing vehicle wiring, or
for further example, testing a particular component, such as
an armature, the special application and particular component
test take priority for classification purposes.
Subclass:
556
Having a lamp or light indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 555. Subject matter
where the apparatus includes a visual indicator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
503 for testers having light or sound indicators.
538 for electrical connectors having light indicators.
540 for multiconductor cable testers having light
indicators.
542 for multicable conductor having light or sound
indicators.
Subclass:
557
FOR INSULATION FAULT OF NONCIRCUIT ELEMENT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter where a defect in the insulation of a
noncircuit element is determined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
509 for a ground fault.
541 for an insulation fault in a multiconductor.
544 for an insulation fault in a single conductor cable.
551 for an insulation fault in general.
Subclass:
558
Where element moves while under test:
This subclass is indented under subclass 557. Subject matter
where the noncircuit element under test moves while under
test.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
513 where a circuit component moves while under test.
Subclass:
559
Where a moving sensing electrode scans a stationary element
under test:
This subclass is indented under subclass 557. Subject matter
where a moving sensing electrode scans a stationary
noncircuit element under test.
Subclass:
600
IMPEDANCE, ADMITTANCE OR OTHER QUANTITIES REPRESENTATIVE OF
ELECTRICAL STIMULUS/RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein the measurement or test means
determines a property (parameter) defined by (1) the flow,
storage or change of current value in a circuit or substance;
or (2) the relationship between two or more electrical values
in a circuit or substance.
(1) Note. The parameter represents typically the
relationship between a stimulus and its response, and it
usually is a constant at the time of measurement, but may
take other values under different circumstances. The
stimulus/response relationship frequently indicates the
proportionality between two active electrical variable. For
instance, a resistance is a ratio between the voltage across
and the current along a resistive element. Either the current
or the voltage can be the stimulus with the resultant
resistance value always equal to the ratio of voltage to
current. Other parameters expressable as a ratio are, for
instance, the reflection coefficient, a ratio between
reflected and incident complex power. Parameters not
expressable as a ratio are also covered. For instance, the
time lag in a network is a time differential between a signal
arrival at the input and its appearance at the output.
(2) Note. The subclass also includes sensing structures and
devices when the contribute directly to the extraction of the
parameter of interest.
(3) Note. This subclass also includes measurement
conditions such as using radiant energy effects, for example
heating, in preparation for making the test. For electric
heating, see the search note below.
(4) Note. This subclass includes measuring temperature for
the purpose of compensating for temperature variations during
testing. For generic temperature measurement, see the Search
Note below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76 for measuring and testing relating to the measurement of
intangible electrical voltage or current or combinations
thereof occurring in a nonspecific environment.
459 for electrical measuring and testing using ionization
effects.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, for electric heating.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, for generic temperature
measurement.
Subclass:
601
Calibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Subject matter
wherein the measurement or test device is compared with a
standard to determine its accuracy or to establish a
corrected scale.
(1) Note. Calibration differs from a measurement in that
while being calibrated the testing instrument itself is
measured for accuracy which in turn is used to measure some
other electrical component, device or object.
(2) Note. Calibration is limited herein to the measurement
of instruments used for the subject matter under 600.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
74 for calibrating electric meters.
202 for calibration of electrical measuring or testing
apparatus used to determine parameters of magnetic circuits
or substances.
619 for the measurement of quantities, or parameters
relating to selectivity, e.g., tuning.
Subclass:
602
With auxiliary means to condition stimulus/response signals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Subject matter
including other than measuring or testing means to prepare or
process the stimulus/response signal to influence or improve
the quality of the measuring or testing.
(1) Note. This subclass includes means for discriminating,
comparing or selecting particular signals or parts of a
signal developed from a substance or circuit undergoing
measurement or test. Also included are means for stimulating
circuits or substances undergoing measurement or test.
Subclass:
603
For excitation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Subject matter
wherein the auxiliary means generates a stimulus signal
component.
Subclass:
604
Including marker signal generator circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Subject matter
wherein the auxiliary means includes a circuit which injects
one or more pips of specific frequency onto the response
curve from the circuit or substance being measured or
tested.
Subclass:
605
For response signal evaluation or processing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Subject matter
wherein the auxiliary means is used to analyze the parameter
being measured or tested.
Subclass:
606
Including a signal comparison circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 605. Subject matter
wherein the several quantities are matched for the purpose of
determining their relative values to evaluate signal
correlation, difference or compensation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
647 for a comparison or difference signal evaluation or
process is used in the measurement of transmitted or
reflected energy distributions.
656 for a comparison or difference signal evaluation or
process is used in inductive type measurements.
665 for a comparison or difference signal evaluation process
is used in capacitive type measurements for water content of
objects.
672 for a comparison or difference signal evaluation or
process is used where a material or object forms part of a
dielectric characteristic under measurement.
705 for a comparison or difference signal evaluation or
process is used in resistive or conductive type
measurements.
Subclass:
607
Including a conversion (e.g., A->D or D->A) process:
This subclass is indented under subclass 605. Subject matter
wherein an evaluation or process involving the measure and
takes place as part of a conversion scheme.
(1) Note. The most common conversions are the A->D and D->A
types, but conversions to other forms of signal types are
also included, such as pulse width ratio in a dual slope
integrator, for example.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, appropriate
subclasses for code converters.
Subclass:
608
Including a ratiometric function:
This subclass is indented under subclass 605. Subject matter
wherein the evaluation or process includes a value which
represents the ratio of a first signal to a second signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
614 for signal to noise ratio measurements.
645 for standing wave ratio measurements.
653 for determining the value of Q which designates the
ratio of reactance of the resistance of an element or
circuit.
704 for using a ratio in resistive or conductive type
measurements.
Subclass:
609
For sensing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Subject matter
including an auxiliary adaptation of the sensing portion of
the circuit to improve or influence the quality of the
measuring or testing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
715 for sensing involving a particular probing technique in
resistive or conductive type measurements.
Subclass:
610
Including a bridge circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 609. Subject matter
wherein the additional means for sensing includes a bridge
circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
648 for bridge circuits used in distributive type
measurements.
651 for bridge circuits used in vector analysis.
657 for bridge circuits used in inductance measurements.
666 for bridge circuits used to determine water content with
capacitance measurements.
673 for bridge measurements used to determine the dielectric
characteristic of a material or object under test.
680 for bridge circuits used in capacitive measurements.
706 for bridge circuits used in resistive or conductive
measurements.
725 for miscellaneous bridge circuits.
Subclass:
611
Including a remote type circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 609. Subject matter
wherein the additional means for sensing operates at a
distance from the circuit or substance being measured or
tested.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
669 for providing compensation in a capacitive measuring
circuit which determines water content.
684 for providing compensation for errors in capacitive
measuring circuits.
720 for providing compensation for errors in resistive or
conductive measuring circuits.
Subclass:
612
Parameter related to the reproduction or fidelity of a signal
affected by a circuit under test:
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Subject matter
wherein the parameter relates to the accuracy with which a
circuit reproduces at its output the essential
characteristics of a signal impressed on its input.
(1) Note. Some instances of parameters relating to signal
reproduction or fidelity are: (a) a transfer function
characterizing a circuital behavior; (b) the desired or
undesired noise characteristics of a network; (c) the effects
of poor common mode rejection; (d) the distortion of any type
induced by a network; (e) tuning characteristics, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices
(e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), 165 for testing or
calibrating radar systems.
455, Telecommunications, subclass 67, 115, 226, 295 for
measuring or testing telecommunication transmitters or
receivers.
Subclass:
613
Noise:
This subclass is indented under subclass 612. Subject matter
wherein the evaluated parameter is representative of an
unwanted electrical disturbance or a spurious signal in the
circuit or substance being measured or tested.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
455, Telecommunications, subclass 62, 296, and 501 for noise
reduction, prevention or elimination systems.
Subclass:
614
Signal to noise ratio or noise figure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Subject matter
including means to measure the ratio between a signal
reference level and the level of unwanted noise.
(1) Note. Signal to noise ratio and noise figure are
usually expressed in DB.
(2) Note. The parameter of interest expresses the amount by
which a component, device, or network under test differs from
an ideal component, device, or network having no noise.
Subclass:
615
Transfer function type characteristics:
This subclass is indented under subclass 612. Subject matter
wherein the parameter tested is based on determining how a
circuit responds to input energy at different frequencies.
(1) Note. The relationship is in general expressable as a
complex entity (descriptive of multiple quantities), like a
matrix, a multidimensional plot or a set of distributions for
spectral variables.
(2) Note. Generalized transfer function Network Analyzers
are classifiable in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
638 for microwave network analyzers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
108 for testing system, particularly subclasses 109+ for
transfer function determination.
Subclass:
616
Gain or attenuation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 615. Subject matter
wherein the measured or tested parameter is based on the
increase or decrease in voltage, current or power when a
signal is transmitted from one point to another.
Subclass:
617
Response time or phase delay:
This subclass is indented under subclass 615. Subject matter
wherein the transmission characteristic of the signal being
evaluated relates to transit time or phase changes.
Subclass:
618
Transient response or transient recovery time (e.g.,
damping):
This subclass is indented under subclass 615. Subject matter
wherein the response of a circuit to an impulse or other
instantaneous excitation is measured or tested.
Subclass:
619
Selective type characteristics:
This subclass is indented under subclass 615. Subject matter
including measuring or testing characteristics which
determine the extent to which the desired signal can be
distinguished from disturbances or other signals, e.g.,
tuning.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, 47 for circuits where an output is
present only at a predetermined input signal frequency.
Subclass:
620
Distortion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 612. Subject matter
including measuring or testing for undesired changes in the
waveform of a signal being evaluated.
(1) Note. Distortion is different from noise in that the
effects are in general predictable as opposed to noise, where
there is no set pattern.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, 551 for unwanted signal suppression.
455, Telecommunications, subclass 63, 295+, and 501 for
distortion prevention or reduction systems.
Subclass:
621
Envelope delay:
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Subject matter
including measuring or testing the rate of change of phase
shift with respect to frequency.
(1) Note. The departure from a straight line defines the
lack of uniformity in the delay for different frequencies.
Subclass:
622
Phase:
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Subject matter
including measuring or testing the lack of phase linearity
with respect to other signal variables.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
83 for measuring or testing phase comparison in a
nonspecific environment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, 1 for phase discriminating.
Subclass:
623
Harmonic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Subject matter
wherein the input signal is sinusoidal and the output signal
which is a multiple of the input signal is measured or
tested.
Subclass:
624
Intermodulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Subject matter
including measuring or testing nonlinearity, characterized by
the appearance of frequencies in the output equal to the sum
and differences of integral multiples of the component
frequencies present in the input signal.
Subclass:
625
Dissymmetry or asymmetry:
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Subject matter
including measuring or testing a lack of signal fidelity due
to imperfect matching of parameter values.
(1) Note. Some examples of dissymmetry include common mode
rejection, hybrid directivity, etc.
(2) Note. This does not include distributive lines matching
impedance evaluations. Dissymmetry is not necessarily a
nonlinearity.
Subclass:
626
Nonlinearity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Subject matter
including the measuring or testing of distortion that occurs
when the output does not rise and fall in direct in
proportion to the input.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, 334 for circuits where the output is
a nonlinear function of the input.
Subclass:
627
Shielding effectiveness (SE):
This subclass is indented under subclass 612. Subject matter
including measuring or testing the relative reduction of
radiated electromagnetic energy levels caused by the use of
an enclosure either to contain or exclude the energy.
Subclass:
628
Circuit interference (e.g., crosstalk) measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 627. Subject matter
for determining the amount of undesired coupling between two
conductors in proximate relationship.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
379, Telephonic Communication, subclass 6 for measurement of
crosstalk between two telephone lines by measuring the effect
on a line of a tone applied to an adjacent line.
Subclass:
629
Distributive type parameters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Subject matter
wherein the measured or tested parameter cannot be taken as
being concentrated at any one point in the circuit or
substance.
Subclass:
630
Plural diverse parameters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 629. Subject matter
wherein more than one type of parameter is measured.
Subclass:
631
Using wave polarization (e.g., field rotation):
This subclass is indented under subclass 629. Subject matter
wherein the test substance has properties with directional
preferences (i.e., anisotropy).
(1) Note. An anisotropic substance is one that exhibits
different properties when tested along different directions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 364 for analogous
testing or measuring using visible radiation.
Subclass:
632
Using particular field coupling type (e.g., fringing field):
This subclass is indented under subclass 629. Subject matter
wherein a sensor located in close proximity to a substance
under test, produces an electric field which links or couples
the substance under test to the sensor.
(1) Note. The substance under test typically influences the
propagation characteristics of the testing sensor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
687 for fringing field coupling type sensing structures in
lumped capacitive configurations.
688 for use of a guard electrode to improve sensing.
Subclass:
633
Using resonant frequency:
This subclass is indented under subclass 629. Subject matter
including a circuit for measuring the frequency at which a
measured substance will respond with maximum amplitude when
subject to an external sinusoidal wave of a particular
frequency.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
652 for measuring a lumped type resonant circuit
parameters.
655 for using a resonant circuit in inductive measurements.
658 for using a tuned or resonant circuit in capacitive
measuring circuits.
675 for using a tuned or resonant circuit in capacitive
measuring circuits.
708 for using a tuned or resonant circuit in resistive or
conductive measuring circuits.
Subclass:
634
To determine water content:
This subclass is indented under subclass 633. Subject matter
wherein the analyzed parameter of a substance under resonant
test is moisture content.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
640 for determining water content by using electric energy
transmitted through a substance under test.
643 for determining water content by using electric energy
reflected from a substance under test.
658 and 667, for determining moisture content of a substance
using a resonant capacitive sensing device or apparatus.
694 for determining moisture content of a substance using a
resistive or conductive type measurement device or
apparatus.
696 for resistive probe type structure used to determine
water content.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 73 for moisture control or
absorption characteristics of material; and subclasses 29.02+
for hygrometers.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass
61.04 for liquid responsive switches.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 35, for moisture sensing
resistors.
340, Communications: Electrical, 602 for moisture condition
responsive indicating systems.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
178 and 286 for humidity responsive circuits and
capacitors.
Subclass:
635
To determine dimension (e.g., distance or thickness):
This subclass is indented under subclass 633. Subject matter
wherein the size or distance of a substance from a reference
point is measured using resonance effects.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
644 for measuring a dimension using transmitted or reflected
energy distributions.
662 and 671, for dimensional measurement by using
capacitive-type measurements.
699 for using conductivity effects to determine the
dimensional characteristics of an object.
716 for dimensional measurement by using resistive or
conductive type measurements.
Subclass:
636
With a resonant cavity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 633. Subject matter
including a resonant circuit type wherein current is
distributed on an inner surface of a closed chamber.
Subclass:
637
Using transmitted or reflected microwaves:
This subclass is indented under subclass 629. Subject matter
wherein distributive type parameters associated with an
object or substance are measured or tested using transmitted
or returned microwaves.
(1) Note. See Class 250, Radiant Energy, for microwave
absorption wave meters for measuring microwave power, per
se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices
(e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), for object detection,
distance or direction using transmitted or reflected radio
waves.
Subclass:
638
Scattering type parameters (e.g., complex reflection
coefficient):
This subclass is indented under subclass 637. Subject matter
including the measurement of characteristics at network ports
which are complex ratios representing the amplitude and phase
of incident and reflected power in traveling waves.
(1) Note. Measurements of voltage and current become more
difficult as frequency increases, therefore directional power
ratio measurements, expressed as scattering parameters, are
used to characterize objects at high frequencies.
(2) Note. Microwave network analyzers belong in this
subclass. Low frequency network analyzers belong in subclass
650 or subclass 615.
Subclass:
639
Where energy is transmitted through a test substance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 637. Subject matter
including measurement of a microwave that passes through an
object or substance.
Subclass:
640
To determine water content:
This subclass is indented under subclass 639. Subject matter
for determining the water content of the test substance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
634 for determination of water content by measuring
distributive type parameters using resonant frequency.
643 for determination of water content by using electric
energy reflected from a substance under test.
664 for determination of water content by using capacitive
type measurement.
689 for determination of moisture content of a substance by
using a capacitive sensing device or apparatus.
694 for determination of moisture content of a substance
using a resistive or conductive type measurement device or
apparatus.
696 for resistive probe structure used to determine water
content.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 73 for moisture control or
absorption characteristics of material; and subclasses 335+
for hygrometers.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass
61.04 for liquid responsive switches.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 35, for moisture sensing
resistors.
340, Communications: Electrical, 602 for moisture condition
responsive indicating systems.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
178 and 286 for humidity responsive circuits and
capacitors.
Subclass:
641
To determine insertion loss:
This subclass is indented under subclass 639. Subject matter
wherein measurement of the change provides information
regarding the loss of power between two points on an object
under test.
Subclass:
642
Where energy is reflected (e.g., reflectometry):
This subclass is indented under subclass 637. Subject matter
including measurement of the returned signal energy from a
high frequency wave that strikes the surface of a test
object, the junction of two media or a discontinuity in the
medium it is traveling in.
Subclass:
643
To determine water content:
This subclass is indented under subclass 642. Subject matter
including measurement of the test substance water content.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
634 for determination of water content by measuring
distributive type parameters using resonant frequency.
640 for determination of water content by using microwave
energy transmitted through a substance under test.
664 for determination of water content by using capacitive
measurement.
689 for determination of moisture content of a substance
using a capacitive sensing device or apparatus.
694 for determination of moisture content of a substance
using a resistive or conductive type measurement device or
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 73 for moisture content or
absorption characteristics of material; subclasses 335+ for
hygrometers.
200, Electricity: Circuits Makers and Breakers, 61.04 for
liquid responsive switches.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 35 for moisture sensing
resistors.
340, Communications: Electrical, 602 for moisture condition
responsive systems.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
78 and 286 for humidity responsive circuits and capacitors.
Subclass:
644
To determine dimension (e.g., distance or thickness):
This subclass is indented under subclass 642. Subject matter
including measurement of the physical characteristics of the
test substance pertaining to its size or its distance from a
reference point.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
635 for dimensional measurement of a test object by
measuring the object's distributive type parameters using
resonance.
662 and 671, for dimensional measurement using
capacitive-type measurements.
716 for dimensional measurement by using resistive or
conductive type measurements.
Subclass:
645
Having standing wave pattern:
This subclass is indented under subclass 642. Subject matter
including measurement of the spatial distribution of
transmitted or reflected energy on a transmission line formed
by two sets of waves traveling in opposite direction and
characterized by the presence of a number of points of
successive maxima and minima in the distribution curves.
(1) Note. A standing wave is also called a stationary wave
and it is a wave disturbance which is not progressive, i.e.,
one in which any component of the field can be specified as a
function of position multiplied by a sinusoidal function of
time.
(2) Note. Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), is equal to
the ratio of the characteristic impedance of the line to the
impedance of the load connected to the output end of the
line.
(3) Note. Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) = (1+p)/(1-p)
where p is the reflection coefficient.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
608 for signal evaluation or processing techniques which
include a ratio function.
Subclass:
646
To determine reflection coefficient:
This subclass is indented under subclass 642. Subject matter
including measurement of the complex (vector or phasor) ratio
between the fields associated with the reflected and incident
waves.
Subclass:
647
Using a comparison or difference circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 629. Subject matter
wherein distributive type parameters are measured by
correlating two or more electrical quantities.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
606 for signal evaluation or processing including comparison
or difference techniques.
665 for measuring lumped type parameters by capacitive type
measurements for water content including comparison or
difference circuits.
672 for measuring lumped type parameters of an object or
material including its dielectric characteristic by utilizing
comparison or difference circuits.
679 for measuring lumped type parameters by capacitive type
measurements with a comparison or difference circuit.
705 for measuring lumped type parameters by resistive or
conductive type measurement including comparison or
difference circuits.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, 1 for comparison evaluation
circuits.
Subclass:
648
With a bridge circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 647. Subject matter
including a multi-terminal network arranged so that when an
electromotive force is present in one branch, the response of
a suitable detecting device may be zeroed by suitable
adjustment of the electrical constants of still other
branches.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
610 for measuring or testing electrical characteristics or
parameters using bridge circuits for sensing electrical
quantities.
725 for miscellaneous bridge circuits used in measuring or
testing electrical characteristics or parameters.
Subclass:
649
Lumped type parameters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Subject matter
including the measuring or testing of any circuit parameter,
which for the purposes of analysis, can be considered to
represent combined or single inductance, capacitance,
resistance, etc., throughout the frequency range of
interest.
(1) Note. Typically a "lumped" electrical parameter such as
impedance is an impedance concentrated in a component, as
distinct from being an impedance due to stray or distributed
effects.
Subclass:
650
Using phasor or vector analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 649. Subject matter
including utilization of a quantity that has both magnitude
and direction.
(1) Note. The quantity may represent a parameter such as Z,
which relates to the total opposition (i.e., resistance and
reactance) a device, component or network offers to the flow
of alternating current at a given frequency. Some typical
parameters evaluated here are impedance, admittance or
immittance. Low frequency network analyzers belong in this
Subclass.
(2) Note. Complex impedance network analyzers belong in
this Subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
615 for generalized type of transfer function parameters.
638 distributive type measurements of scattering type
parameters representable as complex quantities in the
microwave range (microwave network analyzers).
Subclass:
651
With a bridge circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 650. Subject matter
including a multi-terminal network used in a comparison or
balancing configuration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
610 for measuring or testing electrical characteristics or
parameters using bridge circuits for sensing electrical
quantities.
648 for measuring or testing distributive type parameters
utilizing bridge circuits.
657 666, 673, 680, and 706, for measurement of lumped type
parameters utilizing bridge circuits.
725 for miscellaneous bridge circuits used in measuring or
testing electrical characteristics or parameters.
Subclass:
652
Of a resonant circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 649. Subject matter
including measuring or testing a circuit which contains both
inductance and capacitance and is tuned to resonate at a
certain frequency.
(1) Note. A resonant condition exists when an inductor and
capacitor store energy and pass the same energy back and
forth. The rate at which this occurs is called the resonant
frequency. At the resonant frequency the circuit is neither
inductive nor capacitive, but acts as a large value of
resistance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
633 for distributive type parameter measuring or testing
utilizing resonant frequency determination.
655 for lumped type parameter measuring or testing utilizing
inductive type measurement which involves a resonant
circuit.
668 675, 682, and 708, for lumped type parameter measuring or
testing which involves a resonant circuit.
Subclass:
653
For figure of merit or Q value:
This subclass is indented under subclass 649. Subject matter
including the determination of the ratio of the maximum
energy stored in a cycle to the energy dissipated per cycle.
Subclass:
654
Using inductive type measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 649. Subject matter
including measuring a property of a device, element or
circuit which opposes any change in the rate of current flow
associated with a magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 870.31 for an inductive
transmitter.
Subclass:
655
Including a tuned or resonant circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 654. Subject matter
including measuring or testing a circuit which contains both
inductance and capacitance and is tuned to resonate at a
certain frequency.
(1) Note. A resonant condition exists when an inductor and
capacitor store energy and pass the same energy back and
forth. The rate at which this occurs is called the resonant
frequency. At the resonant frequency the circuit is neither
inductive nor capacitive, but exhibits resistance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
633 for distributive type parameter measuring or testing
utilizing resonant frequency determination.
652 for lumped type parameter measuring or testing by
utilizing reactance or susceptance measurement which involves
a resonant circuit.
668 675, 682, and 708, for lumped type parameter measuring or
testing which involves a resonant circuit.
Subclass:
656
Including a comparison or difference circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 654. Subject matter
wherein lumped type inductive values are measured by
correlating two or more electrical quantities.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
606 for signal evaluation or processing including comparison
or difference techniques.
647 for measuring distributive type parameters by utilizing
comparison or difference circuits.
665 for measuring lumped type parameters by capacitive type
measurements for water content including comparison or
difference circuits.
672 for measuring lumped type parameters of an object or
material including its dielectric characteristic by utilizing
comparison or difference circuits.
705 for measuring lumped type parameters by resistive or
conductive type measurement including comparison or
difference circuits.
Subclass:
657
Using a bridge circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 656. Subject matter
including a multi-terminal network using comparison or
balance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
725 for miscellaneous bridge circuits used in measuring or
testing electrical characteristics or parameters.
Subclass:
658
Using capacitive type measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 649. Subject matter
including the measuring of a property of an element, device
or circuit which relates to its capacity to store electrical
energy by means of an electric field.
(1) Note. Capacitors store energy in their electric fields
while inductors store energy in their magnetic fields.
(2) Note. There are three factors that govern a capacitor's
capacitance: a. the area (A) of parallel plates facing each
other; b. the distance (D) between parallel plates; and c.
the dielectric constant (E) of the insulating material
between the plates.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 870.37 for a
capacitive transmitter.
Subclass:
659
With loss characteristic evaluation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 658. Subject matter
where the parasitic energy dissipation associated with the
capacitance is measured as part of the test.
(1) Note. The loss is sometimes expressed as the percentage
of power dissipated with respect to the reactive power stored
by the capacitance. Another measure is given by the tangent
of the angle between reactive and total current components.
Subclass:
660
With variable electrode area:
This subclass is indented under subclass 658. Subject matter
wherein the area of a capacitor's plate (i.e., electrode) is
changed in effecting the measurement.
Subclass:
661
With variable distance between capacitor electrodes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 658. Subject matter
wherein the space between a capacitor's parallel plates is
changed in effecting the measurement.
Subclass:
662
To determine dimension (e.g., thickness or distance):
This subclass is indented under subclass 661. Subject matter
wherein the physical characteristics of an object pertaining
to its size or distance from a reference point are measured.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
635 for dimensional measurement by using resonant frequency
measurements.
644 for measuring a dimension using transmitted or reflected
energy distributions.
671 for dimensional measurement on a dielectric object by
using capacitive type measurements.
716 for dimensional measurement by using resistive or
conductive type measurements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communication: Electrical, subclass 870.37 for
capacitive type dimensional measurements where a significant
activity of signal transmission occurs after the measurement
is performed.
Subclass:
663
Where a material or object forms part of the dielectric being
measured:
This subclass is indented under subclass 658. Subject matter
including measurement of the insulating material between the
two plates of a capacitor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 304 for using
capacitance to measure level.
Subclass:
664
To determine water content:
This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Subject matter
including measurement of the material or object water
content.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
634 for determination of water content by measuring resonant
response to a microwave excitation.
640 and 643, for determination of water content by using
microwave energy propagated through a substance under test.
643 for determination of water content by measuring
distributive type parameters using reflected energy.
689 for determination of moisture content of a substance
using a capacitive sensing device or apparatus.
694 for determination of moisture content of a substance
using a resistive or conductive type measurement device or
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 73 for moisture control or
absorption characteristics of material; and subclasses 29.02+
for hygrometers.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass
61.04 for liquid responsive switches.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 35, for moisture sensing
resistors.
340, Communications: Electrical, 602, for moisture condition
responsive indicating systems.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
178 and 286 for humidity responsive circuits and
capacitors.
Subclass:
665
By comparison or difference circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 664. Subject matter
including means to match two or more electrical quantities
for the purpose of determining their relative values in
evaluating the water content of a material or object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
606 for signal evaluation or processing including comparison
or difference techniques.
647 for measuring distributive type parameters by utilizing
comparison or difference circuits.
656 for measuring lumped type parameters by inductive type
measurements including comparison or difference circuits.
672 for measuring lumped type parameters of an object or
material including its dielectric characteristic by utilizing
comparison or difference circuits.
705 for measuring lumped type parameters by resistive or
conductive type measurement including comparison or
difference circuits.
Subclass:
666
Including a bridge circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 665. Subject matter
including a multi-terminal network capable of balance or
comparison.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
610 for measuring or testing electrical characteristics or
parameters using bridge circuits for sensing electrical
quantities.
648 for measuring or testing distributive type parameters
utilizing bridge circuits.
651 657, 673, 680, and 706, for measurement of lumped type
parameters utilizing bridge circuits.
725 for miscellaneous bridge circuits used in measuring or
testing electrical characteristics or parameters.
Subclass:
667
By frequency signal response, change or processing circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 664. Subject matter
including circuit means to measure using a function of
frequency signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
674 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive type measurements including dielectric
characteristic measurements by using frequency signal
response, change or processing circuitry.
681 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive type measurements using frequency signal response,
change or processing circuitry.
707 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
resistive or conductive type measurements using frequency
signal response, change or processing circuitry.
Subclass:
668
Including a tuned or resonant circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 667. Subject matter
including a circuit which typically contains both inductance
and capacitance and is tuned to resonate at a certain
frequency.
(1) Note. A resonant condition exists when an inductor and
capacitor store energy and pass the same energy back and
forth. The rate at which this occurs is called the resonant
frequency. At the resonant frequency the circuit is neither
inductive nor capacitive, but exhibits resistance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
633 for distributive type parameter measuring or testing
utilizing resonant frequency determination.
652 for lumped type parameter measuring or testing by
utilizing reactance or susceptance measurement which involves
a resonant circuit.
655 675, 682, and 708, for lumped type parameter measuring or
testing which involves a resonant circuit.
Subclass:
669
With compensation means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 664. Subject matter
including means to offset errors or undesirable
characteristics in the measurement or test apparatus or
process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
684 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive measurement with compensation.
720 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
resistive or conductive measurement with compensation.
Subclass:
670
For temperature variations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 669. Subject matter
including the errors or undesirable characteristics caused by
an increase or decrease in ambient temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
685 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive type measurement with compensation for temperature
variation.
721 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
resistive or conductive type measurement with compensation
for temperature variation.
Subclass:
671
To determine dimension (e.g., dielectric thickness):
This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Subject matter
wherein the physical characteristics of a dielectric object
under test pertaining to its size or distance from a
reference point are measured.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
635 for dimensional measurement by using resonant frequency
measurements at microwave frequencies.
644 for measuring a dimension using transmitted or reflected
microwave energy distributions.
662 for dimensional measurement by using capacitive type
measurements.
716 for dimensional measurement by using resistive or
conductive type measurements.
Subclass:
672
By comparison or difference circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Subject matter
including means to match two or more electrical quantities
for the purpose of determining their relative values in
evaluating the dielectric characteristic of a material or
object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
606 for signal evaluation or processing including comparison
or difference techniques.
647 for measuring distributive type parameters by utilizing
comparison or difference circuits.
656 for measuring lumped type parameters by inductive type
measurements including comparison or difference circuits.
655 for measuring lumped type parameters of an object or
material including its dielectric characteristic by utilizing
comparison or difference circuits.
679 for measuring lumped type parameters by capacitive type
measurement circuitry including a comparison of difference
circuit.
705 for measuring lumped type parameters by resistive or
conductive type measurement including comparison or
difference circuits.
Subclass:
673
Including a bridge circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 672. Subject matter
including a multi-terminal network capable of comparison or
balance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
610 for measuring or testing electrical characteristics or
parameters using bridge circuits for sensing electrical
quantities.
648 for measuring or testing distributive type parameters
utilizing bridge circuits.
651 657, 666, 680, and 706, for measurement of lumped type
parameters utilizing bridge circuits.
725 for miscellaneous bridge circuits used in measuring or
testing electrical characteristics or parameters.
Subclass:
674
By frequency signal response, change or processing circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Subject matter
including circuit means to determine or alter a signal as a
function of frequency.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
605 for measuring or testing electrical characteristics or
parameters using a particular technique for frequency signal
evaluation or processing.
667 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive type measurements including dielectric
characteristic measurement to determine water content of an
object or material by using frequency signal response, change
or processing circuitry.
681 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive type measurements using frequency signal response,
change or processing circuitry.
707 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
resistive or conductive type measurements using frequency
signal response, change or processing circuitry.
Subclass:
675
Including a tuned or resonant circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 674. Subject matter
including a circuit which typically contains both inductance
and capacitance and is tuned to resonate at a certain
frequency.
(1) Note. A resonant condition exists when a inductor and
capacitor store energy and pass the same energy back and
forth. The rate at which this occurs is called the resonant
frequency. At the resonant frequency the circuit is neither
inductive nor capacitive, but exhibits resistance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
633 for distributive type parameter measuring or testing
utilizing resonant frequency determination.
652 for lumped type parameter measuring or testing by
utilizing reactance or susceptance measurement which involves
a resonant circuit.
655 668, 682, and 708, for lumped type parameter measuring or
testing which involves a resonant circuit.
Subclass:
676
With pulse signal processing circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 658. Subject matter
including circuit means utilizing a pulse signal time domain
response or shaping.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
710 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters using
resistive or conductive type measurements which include pulse
signal processing.
Subclass:
677
Including R/C time constant circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 676. Subject matter
including a time-determining network of resistors and
capacitors in which the time constant is defined as
resistance times capacitance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
711 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters using
resistive or conductive type measurements which include pulse
signal processing with R/C time constant circuitry.
Subclass:
678
Including charge or discharge cycle circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 676. Subject matter
including circuit means to store or release electrical energy
periodically.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
320, Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or
Discharging, 166 for charging or discharging a capacitor,
per se.
Subclass:
679
With comparison or difference circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 658. Subject matter
including means to match two or more electrical quantities
for the purpose of determining their relative values.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
606 for signal evaluation or processing including comparison
or difference techniques.
647 for measuring distributive type parameters by utilizing
comparison or difference circuits.
656 for measuring lumped type parameters by inductive type
measurements including comparison or difference circuits.
665 for measuring lumped type parameters of an object or
material including its dielectric characteristic by utilizing
comparison or difference circuits.
672 for measuring lumped type parameters by capacitive type
measurement including dielectric characteristic measurement
with a comparison or difference circuit.
705 for measuring lumped type parameters by resistive or
conductive type measurement including comparison or
difference circuits.
Subclass:
680
Including a bridge circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 679. Subject matter
wherein the comparison or difference circuit means includes a
multi-terminal network capable of balance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
610 for measuring or testing electrical characteristics or
parameters using bridge circuits for sensing electrical
quantities.
648 for measuring or testing distributive type parameters
utilizing bridge circuit.
651 657, 666, 673, and 706, for measurement of lumped type
parameters utilizing bridge circuits.
725 for miscellaneous bridge circuits used in measuring or
testing electrical characteristics or parameters.
Subclass:
681
With frequency signal response, change or processing
circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 658. Subject matter
including circuit means to determine or alter a signal as a
function of frequency.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
667 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive type measurements including dielectric
characteristic measurement to determine water content of an
object or material by using frequency signal response, change
or processing circuitry.
674 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive type measurements utilizing frequency signal
response, change or processing circuitry.
707 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
resistive or conductive type measurements using frequency
signal response, change or processing circuitry.
Subclass:
682
Including a tuned or resonant circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Subject matter
including a circuit which typically contains both inductance
and capacitance and is tuned to resonate at a certain
frequency.
(1) Note. A resonant condition exists when an inductor and
a capacitor store energy and pass the same energy back and
forth. The rate at which this occurs is called the resonant
frequency. At the resonant frequency the circuit is neither
inductive nor capacitive, but exhibits resistance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
633 for distributive type parameter measuring or testing
utilizing resonant frequency determination.
652 for lumped typed parameter measuring or testing by
utilizing reactance or susceptance measurement which involves
a resonant circuit.
655 668, 675, and 708, for lumped type parameter measuring or
testing which involves a resonant circuit.
Subclass:
683
With phase signal processing circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 658. Subject matter
including circuit means responsive to the phase of an
electrical signal.
(1) Note. When the phase sensitive detection is used to
extract quadrature components and compose a phasor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
650 and 709, for measuring or testing lumped type parameters
by resistance or conductance measurement using phase signal
processing.
Subclass:
684
With compensation means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 658. Subject matter
including means to offset errors or undesirable
characteristics in the measurement or test apparatus or
process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
669 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive measurement apparatus or process including
dielectric characteristic measurement of a material or object
for water content and compensation means.
720 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
resistive or conductive measurement with compensation.
Subclass:
685
For temperature variation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 684. Subject matter
including means to offset effects caused by changes in the
ambient temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
670 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive type measurement including dielectric
characteristic measurement with compensation for temperature
variations.
721 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
resistive or conductive type measurement with compensation
for temperature variations.
Subclass:
686
With capacitive sensing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 658. Subject matter
including probing or transducing means which utilizes a
capacitor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 280 for
electrostatic capacitors responsive to external conditions.
Subclass:
687
Having fringing field coupling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 686. Subject matter
wherein the sensing means is located in close proximity to a
test object and produces an electric field which links or
couples the test object to itself, with a change in the
electric field caused by the object being utilized to
determine a characteristic of the test object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
632 for measuring or testing distributive type parameters
using field coupling apparatus.
Subclass:
688
Including a guard or ground electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 686. Subject matter
including a conducting element of offset or eliminate
undesirable electrical effects.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
611 for spureous and parasitic signals handling in a sensor
remote from the detecting circuit.
Subclass:
689
To determine water content:
This subclass is indented under subclass 686. Subject matter
including measurement of the water content of a material of
object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
640 634 and 643, for determination of water content by using
microwaves transmitted through a substance under test.
664 for determination of water content by measuring lumped
type parameters which includes dielectric characteristic
measurement of a material or object.
694 for determination of moisture content of a substance
using a resistive or conductive type measurement device or
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 73 for moisture control or
absorption characteristics of material; and subclasses 29.02+
for hygrometers.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass
61.04 for liquid responsive switches.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 35 for moisture sensing
resistors.
340, Communications: Electrical, 602 for moisture condition
responsive indicating systems.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
178 and 206 for humidity responsive circuits and
capacitors.
Subclass:
690
Including a probe type structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 686. Subject matter
wherein the capacitive sensing means has a particular shape
or configuration to improve its transducing or pickup
function.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
724 for probe used in measuring lumped type parameters by
resistive or conductive type measurements.
Subclass:
691
Using resistance or conductance measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 649. Subject matter
including measuring that property of an object which impedes
current and results in the dissipation of power in the form
of heat, or the property that is the factor by which the
square of an instantaneous voltage must be multiplied to give
the corresponding energy lost by dissipation as heat or other
permanent radiation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
439 for using a conductivity device to determine
electrolytic properties.
549 for detecting resistor faults.
Subclass:
692
With living organism condition determination using
conductivity effects:
This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Subject matter
including means to evaluate properties of a living organism
by measuring or testing its ability to conduct electrical
current.
Subclass:
693
With object or substance characteristic determination using
conductivity effects:
This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Subject matter
including means to evaluate the properties of an object by
measuring or testing its ability to conduct current.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
639 for electrical means where energy is transmitted through
an object to determine characteristics of the object.
Subclass:
694
To determine water content:
This subclass is indented under subclass 693. Subject matter
including measurement of the water content of the object or
substance being tested.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
634 for determination of water content by measuring
distributive type parameters using resonant energy.
640 for determination of water content by using microwave
energy transmitted through a substance under test.
643 for determination of water content by measuring
distributive type parameters using reflected energy.
664 for determination of water content by measuring lumped
type parameters which includes dielectric characteristic
measurement of a material or object.
689 for determination of water content of a substance using
capacitive sensing means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 73 for moisture control or
absorption characteristics of material; and subclasses 335+
for hygrometers.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass
61.04 for liquid responsive switches.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 35 for moisture sensing
resistors.
340, Communications: Electrical, 602 for moisture condition
responsive indicating systems.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
178 and 206 for humidity responsive circuits and
capacitors.
Subclass:
695
Where the object moves while under test:
This subclass is indented under subclass 694. Subject matter
wherein the test substance is in motion during the water
content determination.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
513 for locating faults in moving elements.
701 for utilizing conductivity effects to determine the
properties of a moving object, per se.
Subclass:
696
With a probe structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 694. Subject matter
with a particular sensing configuration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
724 for conductivity effects detectors having a probe type
structure, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 304 for liquid level
measurements.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 280 for
condition responsive capacitors.
Subclass:
697
For interface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 693. Subject matter
including means to evaluate the point or points of contact
between different substances.
Subclass:
698
To determine oil qualities:
This subclass is indented under subclass 693. Subject matter
including means to evaluate the properties of a fluid
containing petroleum or its derivatives (i.e., lubricants).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 53.05 for lubricant testing, per
se.
Subclass:
699
To determine dimension (e.g., distance or thickness):
This subclass is indented under subclass 693. Subject matter
including means to evaluate alterations in the physical shape
of an object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
635 for dimensional measurement by using resonant frequency
measurements.
644 for measuring a dimension using transmitted or reflected
energy distributions.
662 for dimensional measurement by using capacitive type
measurements.
671 for dimensional measurement by using dielectric
characteristic measurements.
716 for dimensional measurements by using resistive or
conductive type measurements.
Subclass:
700
Including corrosion or erosion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 699. Subject matter
including means to evaluate the addition or loss of material,
to or from a substance, due to environmental conditions.
(1) Note. This subclass covers only those corrosion
evaluation devices where the impedance of a sensor is
measured. For other types of corrosion evaluation, search the
art listed below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71.2 for electrical measuring of erosion not limited to a
resistive or conductive measurement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 86 embrittlement or
erosion testing.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 404
for corrosion analysis and testing.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 53 for
corrosion testers.
Subclass:
701
Where the object moves while under test:
This subclass is indented under subclass 693. Subject matter
wherein the test object is in motion during the evaluation of
the characteristics of the object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
513 for locating faults in moving elements.
695 for utilizing conductivity effects to determine the
water content of a moving object.
Subclass:
702
With radiant energy effects:
This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Subject matter
including means to evaluate the properties of an object,
utilizing a source of radiant energy as a preparation to the
test.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include testing the source
of radiation nor the product of that source.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71.3 for measuring the properties of beam of particles.
501 for using radiant energy to test for faults (e.g.,
continuity of a conductor line).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 336 for measurements of several
spectral types of radiation. Also see the lines notes in the
main definitions of this class which pertain to Class 250.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 432 for light intensity
measurements.
Subclass:
703
Including heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Subject matter
wherein the radiant energy increases the temperature of the
object being evaluated.
Subclass:
704
With ratio determination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Subject matter
including evaluating means which utilize a value which
represents the ratio of a first signal to a second signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
608 for signal evaluation or processing techniques which
include a ratio function.
614 for signal to noise ratio measurements.
653 for determining the value of Q which designates the
ratio of reactance to resistance of an element or circuit.
Subclass:
705
With comparison or difference circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Subject matter
including means to match two or more electrical quantities
for the purpose of determining their relative values.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
606 for signal evaluation or processing including comparison
or difference techniques.
647 for measuring distributive type parameters by utilizing
comparison or difference circuits.
656 for measuring lumped type parameters by inductive type
measurements including comparison or difference circuits.
665 for measuring lumped type parameters of an object or
material for water content including its dielectric
characteristic by utilizing comparison or difference
circuits.
672 for measuring lumped type parameters by capacitive type
measurement including dielectric characteristic measurement
with a comparison or difference circuit.
679 for measuring lumped type parameters of an object or
material including its dielectric characteristic by utilizing
comparison or difference circuits.
Subclass:
706
Including a bridge circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 705. Subject matter
wherein the comparison or difference circuit means includes a
multi-terminal network capable of balance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
610 for bridge circuits used with condition responsive
transducers.
648 for bridge circuits used in distributive type
measurements.
651 for bridge circuits used in vector analysis.
657 for bridge circuits used in inductance measurements.
666 for bridge circuits used to determine water content with
capacitance measurements.
673 for bridge measurements used to determine the dielectric
characteristics of a material or object under test.
680 for bridge circuits used in capacitive measurements.
725 for miscellaneous bridge circuits.
Subclass:
707
With frequency response, change or processing circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Subject matter
including circuit means to determine or alter a signal as a
function of frequency.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
667 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive type measurements including dielectric
characteristic measurement to determine water content of an
object or material by using frequency signal response, change
or processing circuitry.
674 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive type measurements utilizing frequency signal
response, change or processing circuitry.
681 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive type measurements which include using frequency
signal response, change or processing circuitry.
Subclass:
708
Including a tuned or resonant circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 707. Subject matter
including a circuit which typically contains both inductance
and capacitance and is tuned to resonate at a certain
frequency.
(1) Note. A resonant condition exists when an inductor and
a capacitor store energy and pass the same energy back and
forth. The rate at which this occurs is called the resonant
frequency. At the resonant frequency the circuit is neither
inductive or capacitive, but acts as a large valve of
resistance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
652 for lumped type parameter measuring or testing by
utilizing reactance or susceptance measurement which involves
a resonant circuit.
655 668, 675, and 682, for lumped type parameter measuring or
testing which involves a resonant circuit.
Subclass:
709
With phase signal processing circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Subject matter
including circuit means responsive to the phase of an
electrical signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
683 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive measurements with phase signal evaluation.
Subclass:
710
With pulse signal processing circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Subject matter
including circuit means to utilize electrical signal pulses
and their time domain response or shaping.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
676 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive type measurement which includes pulse signal
processing.
Subclass:
711
Including R/C time constant circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 710. Subject matter
including a time-determining network of resistors and
capacitors.
(1) Note. Time constant is defined as resistance times
capacitance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
677 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive type measurement which includes pulse signal
processing using R/C time constant circuitry.
Subclass:
712
Including a digital or logic circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 710. Subject matter
including a circuit wherein nonarithmetical operations are
performed using digital electrical signal information.
(1) Note. Electronic digital logic circuitry is classified
in Class 326.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
607 for measurements including conversion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, appropriate
subclasses for converter circuits which extract the value of
a variable.
Subclass:
713
With voltage or current signal evaluation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Subject matter
including means to measure or test the characteristics of an
electrical signal as to its voltage or current.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
522 for means to locate a fault using voltage or current.
Subclass:
714
Including a potentiometer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 713. Subject matter
including a variable voltage divider used for measuring an
unknown electromotive force or potential difference.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
723 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters using
resistance or conductance type measurement with conductivity
effects determination.
Subclass:
715
Including a particular probing technique (e.g., four point
probe):
This subclass is indented under subclass 713. Subject matter
wherein electrical contact is made at a specified point, in
particular fashion in order to effect a measurement or test.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
609 for measuring or testing electrical characteristics or
parameters for substance or environment evaluation using a
particular sensing technique.
Subclass:
716
To determine dimension (e.g., distance or thickness):
This subclass is indented under subclass 715. Subject matter
including means to evaluate alterations in the physical shape
of an object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
635 for dimensional measurement by using resonant frequency
measurements.
644 for measuring a dimension using transmitted or reflected
energy distributions.
662 for dimensional measurement by using capacitive type
measurements.
671 for dimensional measurements by using dielectric
characteristic measurements.
699 for dimensional change measurement by using conductivity
effects of lumped type parameters.
Subclass:
717
To determine material composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 715. Subject matter
wherein the voltage or current signal evaluation or
processing is used to determine the quantity, quality or
percentage of substances that make up the test object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
693 for conductivity effects measurement means to determine
the composition of a material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 61.41 for testing for
content or effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture.
Subclass:
718
To detect a flaw defect:
This subclass is indented under subclass 715. Subject matter
including means to detect any discontinuity in a substance
that would be harmful to the proper functioning of the
substance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
537 for fault detection in circuit components.
Subclass:
719
With semiconductor or IC materials quality determination
using conductivity effects:
This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Subject matter
including means to evaluate the properties of semiconductor
or integrated circuit material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
500 for fault testing of semiconductor devices.
765 for miscellaneous electrical transistor testing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 73 for
automatic sequential tests of PC boards.
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, 17 for
methods of making semiconductor electrical devices combined
with measurement of an electrical condition.
714, Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,
724 for determining faults in ICs by testing information
content of signals.
Subclass:
720
With compensation means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Subject matter
including means to offset errors or undesirable
characteristics in the measurement or test apparatus or
process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
611 for means to compensate for errors introduced in remote
type evaluating circuits.
669 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive measurement apparatus or process including
dielectric characteristic measurement of a material or object
for water content and compensation means.
684 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive type measurement including compensation means.
Subclass:
721
For temperature variation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 720. Subject matter
including means to offset effects caused by changes in the
ambient temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
670 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive type measurement including dielectric
characteristic measurement with compensation for temperature
variations.
685 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters by
capacitive type measurement with compensation for temperature
variations.
Subclass:
722
Device or apparatus determines conductivity effects:
This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Subject matter
including means to evaluate the ability of a substance to
conduct electrical current.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
692 for living organism condition determination using
conductivity effects.
693 for substance characteristic determination using
conductivity effects.
719 for semiconductor or IC quality determination using
conductivity effects.
Subclass:
723
Potentiometer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Subject matter
where the object being evaluated has the structure of a
voltage divider.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
714 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters using
resistance or conductance measurement with a voltage or
current signal evaluation or processing circuit which
includes a potentiometer.
Subclass:
724
Using a probe type structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus has a particular shape or configuration
to improve its transducing or pickup function.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
690 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters with
capacitive sensing means which include a probe type
structure.
696 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters with
water content determination using a conductivity effects
detector with a probe type structure.
715 for measuring or testing lumped type parameters using
resistance or conductance type measurement with a voltage or
current signal evaluation or processing circuit and a
particular probe.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
338, Electrical Resistors, 34 for condition responsive
resistors.
Subclass:
725
Using a particular bridge circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Subject matter
including a multiterminal network capable of balance or
comparison and not elsewhere classified.
(1) Note. This subclass contains those bridge circuits
having salient features not readily classifiable under any of
the subclasses under 600.
Subclass:
726
Transformer testing (e.g., ratio):
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Subject matter
including means for determining properties of transformers.
(1) Note. This subclass includes for example, the
determination of the voltage ratio of instrument
transformers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
74 for the determination or the properties of electric
meters, per se.
Subclass:
727
Piezoelectric crystal testing (e.g., frequency, resistance):
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Subject matter
including means for determining the properties of
piezoelectric crystals.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for the measurement of frequency.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 25.33 for this subject matter in
combination with manufacturing.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311 for
piezoelectric elements and devices, per se.
Subclass:
750
System sensing fields adjacent device under test (DUT):
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter
for detecting faults by sensing an electromagnetic field
produced by a device under test.
Subclass:
751
Using electron beam probe:
This subclass is indented under subclass 750. Subject matter
wherein a cathode-ray device is used to sense the fields.
Subclass:
752
Using light probe:
This subclass is indented under subclass 750. Subject matter
wherein light such as a laser beam is used to sense the
fields.
Subclass:
753
Using electro-optic device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 750. Subject matter
wherein an electro-optic device such as an electroluminor is
used to sense the fields.
Subclass:
754
With probe elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter
including a feature to enable contact between a device under
test (DUT) and a test apparatus.
Subclass:
755
Internal of or on support for device under test (DUT):
This subclass is indented under subclass 754. Subject matter
including a support for the DUT and wherein probe elements
are mounted in or on the support.
Subclass:
756
Contact confirmation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 754. Subject matter
including a feature to enable determination whether proper
probe contact has been made.
Subclass:
757
Probe contact enhancement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 754. Subject matter
including a feature for aiding the probe to make proper
contact.
Subclass:
758
Probe alignment or positioning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 754. Subject matter
including a feature for checking or providing for proper
position of probes with respect to contact points on the
DUT.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 399 for optical
alignment.
Subclass:
759
With recording of test results on DUT:
This subclass is indented under subclass 754. Subject matter
including means for receiving the results of a test on the
DUT.
Subclass:
760
With temperature control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 754. Subject matter
including means to regulate temperature of the DUT or an
apparatus used in testing.
Subclass:
761
Pin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 754. Subject matter
wherein the probe element is a connecting device such as a
spring biased rod or a buckling beam (rod).
Subclass:
762
Cantilever:
This subclass is indented under subclass 754. Subject matter
including a probe element set at a first end of a beam
wherein the beam has a first end and a second end and the
second end is attached to a support.
Subclass:
763
DUT including test circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter
wherein a device under test (DUT) has integral elements which
can be manipulated to configure the DUT so that tests can be
made.
(1) Note. For example, a pad of an IC may, by switching, be
connected to enable testing of a part of the IC not normally
available for testing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclass 48 for test or calibration
structure.
Subclass:
764
With identification of DUT:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter
wherein a device under test (DUT) has unique marks or codes
that can be read to determine the identity of the DUT.
(1) Note. This subclass includes a DUT having identifying
marks usable in determining faults or defects in electric
components or elements. Identification apparatus and
processes of general utility involving bar code are
classified elsewhere.
(2) Note. Automated analysis of an image or recognition of
a pattern of machine readable, human language symbols are
constructed entirely of spaced-apart, substantially parallel
bars, lines or strokes is classifiable elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
235, Registers, 462.01 for bar code.
382, Image Analysis, subclass 12 for characters formed
entirely of parallel bars.
Subclass:
765
Test of semiconductor device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter
including a determination of faults in a material which is a
solid or liquid conductor with resistivity between that of
metals and that of insulators.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, 17 for
methods of making semiconductor electrical devices combined
with measurement of an electrical condition.
Subclass:
766
With barrier layer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 765. Subject matter
having a region in which the mobile-carrier charge density is
insufficient to neutralize the net fixed charge density of
donors and acceptors.
Subclass:
767
Diode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 766. Subject matter
including a two electrode (anode and cathode), single
junction (PN) semiconductor device used as an active
switching element responsive to respective input logic
signals to perform the logic function.
Subclass:
768
Bipolar transistor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 766. Subject matter
including a semiconductor device of the type having at least
three electrodes (emitter, base, and collector), two
potential barriers and having a controlled current flow of
both majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes and
electrons).
(1) Note. A conventional bipolar transistor has three
electrodes which include NPN or PNP type materials; in the
NPN type, current flows from a collector terminal to an
emitter terminal, and in the PNP type transistor, current
flows from an emitter terminal to a collector terminal.
Subclass:
769
Field effect transistor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 766. Subject matter
wherein a logic circuit includes one or more unipolar
transistors in which current carriers are injected at a
source terminal and pass to a drain terminal through a
channel of semiconductor material whose conductivity depends
largely on an electrical field applied to the semiconductor
from a control electrode (gate).
(1) Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain
current involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes
in a p-type material channel and electrons in an N-type
material channel).
Subclass:
770
Liquid crystal device test:
Subject matter under 537 including test of a device whose
reflectance or transmittance properties change when an
electric field is applied.
(1) Note. This subclass includes testing singular or plural
LCD elements for electrical defects or faults.
(2) Note. Subject matter related to optical properties of
an LCD array to produce an image is classified in elsewhere.
(3) Note. Subject matter related to measurement of optical
properties of LCD elements or systems is classified
elsewhere.
(4) Note. Subject matter related to LCD elements and
systems is classified elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass
50, for liquid crystal elements.
349, Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems, appropriate
subclasses for utilizing a liquid crystal device in general.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses
for LCD fault detection and testing, per se.
Subclass:
771
Power supply test:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter
including test of an electrical power source wherein the
electrical power source is obtained by rectifying an AC
source or using a DC source.
(1) Note. This subclass includes electrical testing of
rectifying and inverting power supplies. Rectifying and
inverting power supplies having means which control magnitude
or level of the current, voltage, or phase angle are
classified in Class 323.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, for
systems for controlling the voltage of electricity and the
phase of alternating currents.
Subclass:
772
Motor or generator fault tests:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Subject matter
including fault tests of (a) prime mover rotating electrical
machinery; (b) rotating electrical machinery which changes
mechanical energy to electrical energy.
(1) Note. This subclass includes the testing of an
assembled motor or generator not elsewhere classifiable.
(2) Note. Subject matter for testing just the rotating part
of a motor or generator is classified elsewhere in this
class. See the search note below.
(3) Note. Subject matter related to prime-mover dynamo
plants is classified elsewhere. See the search note below.
(4) Note. Subject matter related to electrical motor or
generator structure is classified elsewhere. See the search
note below.
(5) Note. Subject matter related to signalling, recording,
metering, or testing of systems of supply or control for an
electric motor and the electric motor is classified
elsewhere. See the search note below.
(6) Note. Subject matter related to indicating, signalling,
recording, or testing a single electric energy generator
having means to regulate or control the generator output is
classified elsewhere. See the search note below.
(7) Note. Subject matter related to systems of acceleration
or speed control of DC motors is classified elsewhere. See
the search note below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
545 for armature or rotor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, for electric generating
plants.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, for generic
structure of electric motors.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 490 for
motor systems having signals, recorders, meters or testing
devices.
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 99 for
the system including a signal, indicator, recorder or
testing.
388, Electricity: Motor Control Systems, for controlling the
rate of change of speed of a DC motor.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
800
Divining rods:
Subject matter relating to a forked branch or stick alleged
to reveal hidden water or minerals by dipping downward.
(1) Note. The existence of this subclass should not be
taken to indicate that the Patent Office believes that
divining rods are operative. Attention is directed to the
evaluation of the divining rod in the following official
government publication: Water Supply Paper 416, published by
the United States Geological Survey and available at cost
through the Government Printing Office. The title of this
paper is "The Divining Rod", and its author is Arthur J.
Ellis.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000