This class includes vehicles, adapted to travel on land and not elsewhere classified. The term "vehicle" includes some form of running gear as an essential element, which running gear usually supports a load carrier, but may support a load directly, and adapts the vehicle to move over a surface. The basic purpose of those devices commonly called vehicles is the carrying of a load, either freight or passengers, from one place to another. The idea of towing a load, as by locomotives, traction engines, or tractors, has also long been associated with the term "vehicle."
(1) Note. The term "vehicle" also includes devices that are for special purposes identical with those in which a form of running gear is an essential element, and further includes such attachments for vehicles as are not limited in their position to any particular part of the vehicle.
(2) Note. This class includes the combination between running gear and load carriers not otherwise classified.
(3) Note. The running gear of various portable machines is also included when the machine is not claimed or is claimed by name only and the running gear is capable of general use. However, when the claimed running gear is solely disclosed for an agricultural, earth working, or harvesting implement, proper classification is in the appropriate agricultural, earth working, or harvesting implement class, even without specific claimed limitations of such agricultural, earth working, or harvesting implement. See the class definition (Class 280), EARTH OR TRAVELED SURFACE, TRAVERSING AND WORKING OR TREATING DEVICES, and also subclass 400 herein, the (1) Note, directed to an articulated vehicle or plural interconnected vehicles (i.e., a vehicle train).
(4) Note. The relationship of vehicles which are primarily intended for transportation purposes to working devices of various types, which may or may not travel while performing their primary function, and to various related arts is discussed in the following search notes presented in the sequence of the following "OUTLINE OF NOTES".

LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Where the articulated vehicle is solely disclosed for use in an earth working or harvesting environment, the proper classification is in Class 172, Earth Working,. No specific recitation in the claims of an earth working implement or harvester is necessary to cause an assignment in Class 172. Thus, where the articulative feature is disclosed solely in the performance of an earth working or harvesting operation, the body of art is not collected in Class 280. See (3) Note in the Class Definition above
See References To Other Classes, below, for classes related to the following art areas:
A. COMBINED WITH EXTERNAL MEANS OR DEVICES:
1. Remote control;
2. With external loading or unloading means;
3. With rails or tracks
B. CONVERTIBLE:
1. To nonvehicular devices: (a. To work platforms; b. Miscellaneous);
2. To different types of vehicle
This class (Class 280) provides for general utility land vehicles having both wheels and runners; for velocipedes
convertible to or from plural occupant forms; for velocipedes convertible to or from occupant propulsion; for miscellaneous convertible velocipedes; for general utility wheeled land vehicles convertible to nonvehicular devices; for vehicles convertible to work platforms including means interposed between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running gear thereof for altering height or levelness or including vertical adjustment of a wheel upon the running gear; for tiltable, handle-propelled wheeled vehicles convertible to devices having no load transporting function; or miscellaneous convertible articulated vehicles. See Subclass References to the Class, below, for references to these areas.
C. EARTH OR TRAVELED SURFACE TRAVERSING AND WORKING OR TREATING DEVICES:
These devices commonly perform their main function of physically treating or affecting the surface while traveling and are equipped with running gear generally equivalent to the vehicular type. Portable or transportable machines having proximate function unrelated to transporting, supporting, or handling material or distributing material during traverse are seldom included in this class (Class 280), but will be found in the class appropriate to the type of work performed, e.g., agitating, ironing, comminuting, etc. However, subcombinations pertaining to the running gear of various art devices may be classified in Class 280 if of general utility.
D. SELF LOADING AND/OR UNLOADING VEHICLES AND PORTABLE MATERIAL HANDLING DEVICES
1. Traversing type. The load is usually distributed over or gathered from the area traversed by the vehicle;
2. Miscellaneous. These devices include vehicles which are loaded or unloaded while stationary also handling mechanisms which are ordinarily used to perform their chief function while stationary, running gear being provided for convenience in moving the device from place to place.
E. VEHICLE TYPES OTHERWISE CLASSIFIED
1. Water;
2. Rail;
3. Motor;
4. Receptacle and support types. The distinction between receptacles and supports provided with wheels and land vehicles has not been clearly established, and many warehouse and factory type trucks and work supports will be found in Class 280, Land Vehicles, and in the classes in References To Other Classes, below, that reference this section, without any stated line or perceptible distinction;
F. VEHICLE PARTS, INSTALLATIONS, ATTACHMENTS AND FURNISHINGS
1. Bodies;
2. Wheels;
3. Miscellaneous

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.188 and 7.1+ for miscellaneous convertible velocipedes.
7.12 and 8+ for vehicles having both wheels and runners.
7.16 for those vehicles convertible to or from plural occupant forms.
7.17 for those vehicles convertible to or from occupant propulsion.
30 for miscellaneous convertible to nonvehicular forms.
43 for vehicles convertible to work platforms by vertical adjustment of the running gear.
47.18 for handle-propelled vehicles convertible to wheeled devices having no load transporting function.
400 see the search notes for vehicle-related classes.
415.1 for miscellaneous convertible articulated vehicles.
840 for vehicles convertible to work platforms by body leveling.

REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
5, Beds, 625 for field stretchers. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Miscellaneous)
5, Beds, subclass 9 for berths and bunks; 94, for automobile cribs; and 118+, for vehicle attached beds. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Bodies)
14, Bridges, subclass 72 for unattached gang-ways.
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, 78 for street sweepers; and 340, for vacuum sweepers having vehicular features. (Earth or Traveled Surface, Traversing and Working or Treating Devices)
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 312 for ambulant air draft cleaners with fixed guide. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Rail Vehicles)
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 340 for self propelled vacuum cleaners. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Motor vehicles)
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, 97 for wheel mounts for panel hangers, travellers and/or tracks; and 107, for wheels therefor. (Combined With External Means or Devices, With rails or tracks)
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, 97 and 107 for wheel mounts and wheels for panel hangers, travelers or tracks. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Rail vehicles)
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, 18 for casters and 107, for wheels for traveling panels. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Wheels)
27, Undertaking, subclass 27 for casket carriers. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Miscellaneous)
37, Excavating, appropriate subclasses, especially 4+ for self-loading vehicles, 196+ for automobile mounted roadway snow excavators and 124+ for wheeled scoops. (Earth or Traveled Surface, Traversing and Working or Treating Devices)
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 111 for mechanism operated transportable towers. (Convertible, To nonvehicular devices, To work platforms)
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 111 for extensible or movable portable towers, and subclass 143 for a building with a transportation feature, and see the reference to Class 105 in the class definition of that class. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Receptacle and support type)
56, Harvesters, 10.1 for a harvester driven by a motor or tractor; 253+, 258+, 269+, and 272+, for wheeled cutters; and 380+, 384+, and 396+, for wheeled horse rakes, subclasses 6+ for multiple trailing or ganged machines. (Earth or Traveled Surface, Traversing and Working or Treating Devices)
56, Harvesters, 10.1 for a harvester driven by a motor or tractor. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Motor vehicles)
56, Harvesters, subclass 322 for grain wheels and casters for harvesters. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Wheels)
56, Harvesters, 208 for a platform adjustments.
60, Power Plants, and see search notes in main class definition for other motors and engines. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Motor vehicles)
60, Power Plants, see main class definition for search notes on motors and engines. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
70, Locks, 259 for locks for spare wheels.
89, Ordinance, subclass 40 for field ordinance mounts. (Convertible, To nonvehicular devices, To work platforms)
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 384 for drop bombs with direction controlling means. (Combined With External Means or Devices, Remote control)
104, Railways, for combined tracks and railway rolling stock. (Combined With External Means or Devices, With rails or tracks)
104, Railways, for rail vehicles combined with tracks. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Rail vehicles)
104, Railways, subclass 44 for automobile turntables; and subclass 45, for portable turntables.
105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 27, 28, 161 and 455 for handling devices mounted on railway rolling stock. (Convertible, To nonvehicular devices, To work platforms)
105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 27 for self propelled power tools; 28, for locomotive type turntable carried power plant; 161, for mining machine trucks; 239+, for railway cars with dumping bodies; and 455 for railway cars with rotary turntable. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable Material Handling Devices, Miscellaneous)
105, Railway Rolling Stock. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Rail vehicles)
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 26.1 for railway vehicle having a power plant for propulsion thereof. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Motor vehicles)
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 239 for railway car dumping bodies; 314+, for railway sleeping cars; 327, for railway dining cars; 328, for merchandizing car bodies; 329.1+, for passenger car bodies; and 355+, for freight car bodies. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Bodies)
108, Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces, 44 for a horizontal planar supporting surface supported on a vehicle. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
111, Planting, appropriate subclasses for planters. (Earth or Traveled Surface, Traversing and Working or Treating Devices)
114, Ships, subclass 312 for external control of submarines; 21.1 for external control of torpedoes; and 144, for external control of ships. (Combined With External Means or Devices, Remote control)
114, Ships, 27 for dumping and unloading scows. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable Material Handling Devices, Miscellaneous)
114, Ships, for boats. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Water)
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, see reference to Class 60, Power Plants, above. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
137, Fluid Handling, 899 for fluid handling apparatus having a vehicle or part thereof as a support or casing.
152, Resilient Tires, and Wheels, especially 450 for pneumatic tires. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Wheels)
152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, 208 for antiskid devices; and 416+, for tire inflating devices with vehicle carried supply. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
165, Heat Exchange, 44 for a heat exchanger installed on a vehicle, and appropriate subclasses for a heat exchanger, per se. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
169, Fire Extinguishers, 24 for fire engines. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable Material Handling Devices, Miscellaneous)
169, Fire Extinguishers, subclass 25 for wheeled water towers. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Receptacle and support type)
169, Fire Extinguishers, subclass 24 for fire engines; and 25 for wheeled water towers. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Miscellaneous)
172, Earth Working, 669 and the subclasses there noted for earth working apparatus with a wheel or supported on a wheeled frame. (Earth or Traveled Surface, Traversing and Working or Treating Devices)
172, Earth Working, subclass 292 and the subclasses there noted for earth working apparatus with some specific propulsion means. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Motor vehicles)
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 2.7 for a motor vehicle having its motor supplied from an external source; subclasses 167+
for a motor vehicle provided with means for controlling its operation which is responsive to electromagnetic radiation, magnetic force, or sound waves received from a source, or reflected from an object or surface, which is located apart from the vehicle; and subclass 401 for a motor vehicle having steering gear of the power assisted type and wherein the operation of the power steering is controlled by a terrestrial guide. (Combined With External Means or Devices, Remote control)
180, Motor Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for a land vehicle which is provided with a motor for propelling it. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Motor vehicles)
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, 10 for a fire escape car carrier with a stationary strand and subclasses 36+ for a track mounted device of that class. (Combined With External Means or Devices, With rails or tracks)
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, 205 for a fire escape car carrier with a stationary strand, subclasses 36+ for a track mounted device of that class. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Rail vehicles)
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, appropriate subclasses for wheeled supports of that class. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Receptacle and support type)
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, 63 for a wheeled ladder, scaffold or escape with erection means. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Miscellaneous)
186, Merchandising, 27 and 45+ for wheeled carriers for store and dining room service, respectively. (Combined With External Means or Devices, With rails or tracks)
186, Merchandising, 27 and 45+ for wheeled carriers for store and dining room service, respectively. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Rail vehicles)
187, Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift for Vehicle, 222 for industrial fork lift trucks. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable Material Handling Devices, Miscellaneous)
188, Brakes, 2 for vehicle brakes. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
190, Trunks and Hand-Carried Luggage, subclass 18, for articles of baggage provided with wheels where specific structure of the baggage item is claimed. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Receptacle and support type)
191, Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles. (Combined With External Means or Devices, With rails or tracks)
191, Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles. (Vehicle Types
Otherwise Classified, Motor vehicles)
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, 30 for clutches. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
198, Conveyors: Power Driven, 300 and 506+ for a conveyor mounted on a vehicle. (Convertible, To nonvehicular devices, To work platforms)
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 300 and 506+ for loading machine type conveyors. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable Material Handling Devices, Traversing type)
198, Conveyors: Power Driven, 300 and 506+ for a conveyor mounted on a vehicle. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable Material Handling Devices, Miscellaneous)
206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass 19.5 for vehicle attached special receptacles and packages. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
211, Supports: Racks, appropriate subclasses, for wheeled racks. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Receptacle and support type)
212, Traversing Hoists, subclass 312 for traveling bridge cranes and subclasses 71+ for over-head traversing hoists. (Combined With External Means or Devices, With rails or tracks)
212, Traversing Hoists, 301 for auxiliary supports for traversing hoists. (Convertible, To nonvehicular devices, To work platforms)
212, Traversing Hoists, 180 for hoists removably mounted on a vehicle; subclass 901, a collection of cross-referenced patents, for portable, dolley-type hoists or cranes; subclasses 328+ for a self-propelled carrier for an overhead hoist; and subclasses 343+ for surface type an overhead traversing hoists. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable Material Handling Devices, Miscellaneous)
212, Traversing Hoists, 316 for traveling cranes and subclasses 71+ for overhead traversing hoists. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Rail vehicles)
212, Traversing Hoists, 180 for a traversing hoist removably mounted on a vehicle; subclass 901, a collection of cross referenced patents, for ambulant dolley-type hoists or cranes; subclass 328 for self-propelled cable-trolley hoist; and subclasses 344+ for surface self-propelled traversing hoists. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Motor vehicles)
213, Railway Draft Appliances. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
221, Article Dispensing, subclass 185 for ambulant article dispensing devices. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable Material Handling Devices, Traversing type)
222, Dispensing, 608 for ambulant dispensers. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable Material Handling Devices, Traversing type)
224, Package and Article Carriers, 539 for package and article carriers with complementary body parts. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Bodies)
224, Package and Article Carriers, 400 for vehicle attached package and article carriers. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
237, Heating Systems, 12.1 for combined heat and power plants for fire engines, vehicles, cars, etc. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Motor vehicles)
237, Heating Systems, subclass 12.3 for combined heat and power plants for vehicles; and 28+, for vehicle heating systems. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 130 and 146+ for sprayers with ambulant discharge and supply; subclasses 722+ for sprayers with stationary supply and ambulant discharge; subclasses 650+ for a container for nonfluid material and means for scattering or strewing the material, in which the container may be ambulant. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable Material Handling Devices, Traversing type)
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclass 390.7, 391+, and 403+ for a reeling device mounted on a vehicle. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable Material Handling Devices, Miscellaneous)
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclass 390.7, 391+, and 403+ for a reeling device mounted on a vehicle. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Receptacle and support type)
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 391 for a trundle reel. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Wheels)
244, Aeronautics, 75 and the classes specified in the Notes thereto for apparatus and devices for controlling aircraft and other mobile craft. See subclasses 175+ and the classes specified in the Notes thereto for the classes which provide for the remote control by electrical means of aircraft and other vehicles and for a statement as to the lines between
the classes. (Combined With External Means or Devices, Remote control)
244, Aeronautics, subclass 50 for aircraft propulsion and steering on land or water. (Convertible, To different types of vehicles)
244, Aeronautics, subclass 50 for aircraft propulsion and steering on water; 101, for amphibious landing gear; and 105+, for water landing gear. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Water)
244, Aeronautics, for aircraft. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Miscellaneous)
244, Aeronautics, 103 for aircraft landing gear. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Wheels)
248, Supports, appropriate subclasses, for wheeled supports, especially subclass 98, for wheeled golf bag stands; and 129 for wheeled receptacle stands. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Receptacle and support type)
248, Supports, 560 for resilient supports; and subclasses 637+ for machinery supports. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, 2 for hoisting trucks; and subclasses 279+ and 323+ for vehicles supporting a load hauling or hoisting cable drum. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable Material Handling Devices, Miscellaneous)
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, 418 for attached vehicle jacks, including retractable ground supports and props. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
258, Railway Mail Delivery, for delivery to or from moving vehicles. (Combined With External Means or Devices, With external loading or unloading means)
258, Railway Mail Delivery, for material delivery to and from moving vehicles. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable Material Handling Devices, Traversing type)
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for carburetors. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
267, Spring Devices, 2 for vehicle springs. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
267, Spring Devices, 2 for resilient mountings for wheels. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Wheels)
278, Land Vehicles: Animal Draft Appliances. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
291, Track Sanders. (Combined With External Means or Devices, With rails or tracks)
291, Track Sanders. (Earth or Traveled Surface, Traversing and Working or Treating Devices)
291, Track Sanders. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable Material Handling Devices, Traversing type)
291, Track Sanders. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Rail vehicles)
293, Vehicle Fenders, 102 for vehicle bumpers. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, 15 for hand bars and hand barrows. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Bodies)
295, Railway Wheels and Axles. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Wheels)
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclass 20 for wheeled stretchers for ambulances. (Combined With External Means or Devices, With external loading or unloading means)
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclass 20 for wheeled ambulance stretchers. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Miscellaneous)
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Bodies)
297, Chairs and Seats, 1 for a chair or seat convertible from wheel mounted to nonwheel mounted device by reorienting the chair or seat and subclasses 130+ for a chair or seat having alternately usable supporting devices, as wheels, rockers, suspending hangers and the like. (Convertible, To nonvehicular devices, Miscellaneous)
297, Chairs and Seats, 5 for occupant propelled walker or skater frames having a seat, usable by the occupant intermediate periods of walking or skating. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Miscellaneous)
297, Chairs and Seats, appropriate subclasses for seat of general utility. This class (280) takes the combination of one or more seats and a vehicle. See the search notes in the class definition of Class 297 for the line. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Bodies)
298, Land Vehicles: Dumping, for dumping vehicles of the
land type. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable Material Handling Devices, Miscellaneous)
298, Land Vehicles: Dumping. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Bodies)
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Wheels)
305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, for wheel substitutes, per se. Class 305 takes patents claiming a vehicle and wheel substitute combination, where the vehicle is only nominally recited in the claims. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Wheels)
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 16 for electric motors for steering where a rudder or steering means is claimed broadly, with or without radio control of said motor. (Combined With External Means or Devices, Remote control)
362, Illumination, 459 for vehicle lighting. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, 6 for a vehicle responsive parking meter and subclasses 1+ for an horological device acted upon by a disparate device. (Combined With External Means or Devices, Remote control)
384, Bearings, appropriate subclasses for wheel bearings and journal boxes. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Wheels)
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, 101 for road material distributors with treatment means. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable Material Handling Devices, Traversing type)
406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, subclass 185 for a wheeled article carrier adapted to be propelled through a tube by a fluid current. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Miscellaneous)
414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 333-402 for the combination of a vehicle of the load transporting type and means external of the vehicle for loading or unloading the vehicle. (Combined With External Means or Devices, With external loading or unloading means)
414, Material or Article Handling, 595 for an elevator or hoist and loading or unloading means therefor and wherein the elevator or hoist is on an inclined tracks. (Combined With External Means or Devices, With rails or tracks)
414, Material or Article Handling, 467 for a self-loading or unloading vehicle. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles
and Portable Material Handling Devices, Miscellaneous)
414, Material or Article Handling, 227 for apparatus particularly adapted for charging or discharging a facility comprising one or more sites for the parking of wheeled vehicles. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
417, Pumps, 231 for pumps attached to vehicles and actuated thereby. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
440, Marine Propulsion, for boats and ships combined with power plants for propulsion. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Motor vehicles)
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, 65 for skimming and walking devices for use on water. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Water)
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, appropriate subclasses for wheeled toys. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Miscellaneous)
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclasses 97-99, 111-114 and 201+ for wheeled toys.
454, Ventilation, 69 for vehicle ventilation. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)
472, Amusement Devices, 1 for a skater support or walker vehicle restricted to a circuitous path, i.e., a roundabout, particularly subclasses 14+ for an occupant propelled roundabout. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Miscellaneous)
482, Exercise Devices, particularly 66 for an occupant propelled support frame having movement facilitating feature, e.g., wheels, runners, etc., for foot travel. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Miscellaneous)
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative Location, 1 for vehicle indication, operation, or guidance which includes a computation. Note, where significant vehicle structure is recited, classification is in the appropriate vehicle class. (Combined With External Means or Devices, Remote control)

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicles not provided for in the subclasses hereunder.

This subclass is indented under subclass 828. Vehicles in which the object simulated is an aircraft.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
827 for aircraft simulations which are pushed by the occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 230 for a toy aircraft having wheels.

This subclass is indented under subclass 827. Vehicles in which the object simulated is a living figure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.22 for figure simulating velocipedes which are adapted to be pushed along by the occupant.
200 for occupant propelled vehicles in which the simulation is not claimed, and see the definition of subclass 827 for the line.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
104, Railways, subclass 61 for simulated horses which progress along a track.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 269 for a wheeled figure toy.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Vehicles in which means is provided for making a sound, usually simulating the cry of the creature represented.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 270 for a wheeled figure toy having sounder; subclass 297 for a figure toy having a sounder; subclasses 188+ for air operated sounders; and subclasses 397+ for other sounding toys.
472, Amusement Devices, particularly subclass 98 for a rockable, nonprogressing, animal simulation amusement device having rider seat means and including animal sound simulation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Vehicles in which the simulation is that of the figure drawing a carriage.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 275 for a toy representing a vehicle and an external figure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.16. Vehicles in which the figure as a whole or parts of the figure are so connected with the remainder of the structure as to have relative movement.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.201 for figures having moving parts where no carriage is provided and where the rider's body does not move.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
472, Amusement Devices, particularly subclass 99 for a rockable, nonprogressing, animal simulation amusement device having rider seat means and a relatively movable animal part.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.165. Vehicles in which the legs of the figure move relative to the trunk of the figure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.204 for figure simulating velocipedes having moving legs but no carriage, the movement of the legs not being necessary to the movement of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclass 276 for a toy representing a vehicle and an external walking figure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Vehicles having either or both (1) more than one simulated figure, or (2) more than one occupant support.
(1) Note. A composite figure having two sides each comprising a separate cut-out is regarded as a single figure if the sides are rigidly secured to each other or the same seat or framework.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
203 for nonsimulating occupant propelled vehicles with side car.
222 for nonsimulating occupant propelled vehicles having plural movable occupant supports.
231 for nonsimulating vehicles propelled by plural occupants.
273 for nonsimulating occupant-propelled vehicles having one-wheel controlled steering and providing for plural occupants.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Vehicles which are mounted upon rockers so as to cause the vehicle to travel on a supporting surface, either by reason of plural rockers which may be extended or retracted relative to one another or by reason of brakes, rollers or swing arms applied to or cooperating with the rockers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.193 for platform rocker type, rider-body-actuated velocipede type simulations.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
472, Amusement Devices, particularly 95 for a rockable, nonprogressing, animal simulation amusement device having rider seat means and which may travel backward and forward on a platform.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.175. Vehicles having longitudinally spaced rockers constructed to move relative to each other so as to cause the vehicle to move along a supporting surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.181 for figures which progress by transferring the weight from one swinging leg or support to another, the legs or supports not having rocker bottoms.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Vehicles which progress by advancing supporting means alternately either at opposite sides, as in walking (this subclass) or at opposite ends, as in galloping (indented subclasses), or which have an alternately advanced and retracted pusher.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for nonsimulating, nonwheeled, stepper type vehicles.
1.177 for similar figures which have rocker bottoms on the swinging supports, on which they rock forward and back as the supports swing.
218 for nonsimulation type wheeled vehicles having walking or galloping progression.
219 for nonsimulation type vehicles having an alternately advanced and retracted pusher.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 187 for a motor vehicle which includes one or more ski-like or runner members and wherein the vehicle is provided with at least one surface-engaging propulsion element and further wherein the element has a shuffling movement along the surface which supports it; and subclasses 8.1+ for a motor vehicle having a special driving device in the nature of a stepper.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclass 316, 317, and 377 for a walking figure toy, and see the Search Notes under subclass 377 for other related loci.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.181. Vehicles having supports attached to the occupant supporting portion at longitudinally spaced points and arranged to swing alternately. If the supports are provided with wheels, they have means to prevent retrograde movement, or they are driven positively by the relative movement of the supports.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.182. Vehicles in which the relative spreading apart from and approach toward each other of the supports is brought about by the action of the rider's weight upon the saddle or the stirrups, the saddle or stirrups having relatively movable connection with the parts to be moved.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
218 for similarly driven wheeled vehicles which claim no simulation features.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.182. Vehicles in which there is present some means, in addition to the two relatively approaching and separating supports to engage the ground or surface over which the vehicle moves, either to stabilize the figure, assist in propelling it, or impart a different type of motion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.175 for progressing rocker type simulations having a similar ground engaging means.
1.188 for other velocipede type simulations convertible to have more than one kind of motion.
219 for nonsimulation vehicles propelled by means intermittently engaging the ground or floor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Velocipede simulations in which the occupant is not seated on the figure in the manner in which a horse is ordinarily ridden.
(1) Note. Arrangements in which the occupant is supported within the figure, stands on it or is seated in a chair which does not take the place of the back of the figure or serve as a mere substitute for a saddle are included.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.16 for velocipede simulations in which the occupant is seated in a vehicle purporting to be drawn by the figure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Vehicles in which the vehicle may be converted to a vehicle of the nonsimulating type because of the removability of the figure, or changed to a nonprogressive type, or in which the manner for causing progression may be changed or the vehicle or parts thereof may be made larger or smaller to suit occupants of different sizes.
(1) Note. Mere change in the adjustment of relatively movable linkages or springs to control the force necessary to be supplied is not included unless the point at which the rider's effort is applied is also changed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.15 for convertible nonsimulating velocipede type vehicles which are occupant propelled.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
472, Amusement Devices, particularly 95 for a rockable, nonprogressing, animal simulation amusement device having rider seat means and which may be convertible to another type of device.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Vehicles claimed in combination with auxiliary features such as brakes, rider mounting steps, velocipede pushing handles, props, fixed guides, etc., not essential to the primary function of the velocipedes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.14 for simulation type velocipedes combined with noise makers.
1.16 for figure and carriage simulating velocipedes.
1.181 for brakes designed to prevent retrograde motion of velocipedes which advance by alternately advancing and drawing together independently moving ground engaging means.
1.188 for simulation type vehicles having means for converting them to other forms or modes of operation.
264 for nonsimulating type occupant propelled vehicles having combined brakes and steering means.
288.4 for attachments, for occupant propelled vehicles, especially subclass 291 for steps.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
472, Amusement Devices, particularly subclass 101 for a rockable, nonprogressing, animal simulation amusement device having rider seat means and combined with a disparate device.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Vehicles in which the advance of the vehicle along the ground is or may be accompanied by movement of the rider's body. The movement usually actuates the propelling mechanism or assists in actuating it, but it may be merely a bouncing movement on spring mounted saddles or figure parts which are unrelated to the propelling means of the velocipede.
(1) Note. Motion of merely the feet or arms of the rider is not included.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.175 for rocker type progression caused by body motion.
1.181 for stepping or galloping type progression caused by body movement.
1.201 for movable figure devices in which the occupant's body is not shifted.
226.1 for nonsimulating vehicles whose propulsion is actuated by the occupant's movable seat.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
472, Amusement Devices, particularly 95 for a rockable, nonprogressing, animal simulation amusement device having rider seat means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.191. Vehicles in which there is also movement of simulating portions of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.181 for figure movement involving alternately advancing supports for causing progression.
1.201 for figure movement without rider body movement.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.192. Vehicles in which the movement of a rocker supported figure relative to a supporting platform is transmitted to progressing means for the platform.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.175 for progressing rocker-mounted figure-simulating vehicles in which the rockers engage the ground or floor directly.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
472, Amusement Devices, particularly 95 for a rockable, nonprogressing, animal simulation amusement device having rider seat means and which may travel on a platform.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.192. Vehicles having means which produce progression of the figure actuated by either the feet or the hands of the rider, through parts relatively movably connected to the propulsion system either as the primary actuating means or as an aid to rider body-actuation. In the former case, the figure must be interconnected to the propulsion mechanism.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
221 for nonsimulating velocipedes having a movable occupant support and additional propulsion means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.192. Velocipedes in which steering means comprising a single rigid member or a plurality of rigid members linked together passes through the moving figure body in such a way as to allow vertical movement of the body relative to the point at which the steering impulse is transmitted to the running gear of the velocipede.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
263 for steering for occupant propelled vehicles generally.
771 for occupant steered vehicles generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.192. Vehicles in which the figure pivots about a horizontal axis extending through the chassis and through a fixed point in the central portion of the trunk of the figure, the motion of the rider's body being transmitted to a drive for the vehicle through the figure motion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.175 for rocking velocipedes which progress with the rockers in contact with the supporting surface.
1.193 for platform rocker type velocipedes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Vehicles having the entire figure or body parts thereof, such as ears, tails, heads, legs, mounted so as to be movable relative to the base, running gear or other parts, usually for simulating their natural movement on the living animal. Movement to provide access openings is included.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.165 for carriage combined animal figures with movable body parts.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
472, Amusement Devices, particularly subclass 99 for a rockable, nonprogressing, animal simulation amusement device having rider seat means and a relatively movable animal part.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.201. Vehicles in which the foreparts of the figure are movably mounted for steering, being directly or indirectly connected to the turning portion of the running gear.
(1) Note. Either the head or feet, or both, may turn for steering (this subclass) or the entire forepart of the animal may be hinged to the body along a vertical line (indented subclass).
(2) Note. If the head is nonrigidly connected to the steering running gear, it must transmit the steering impulse.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.201 for heads relatively movably connected to independent steering mechanism. See (2) Note.
1.206 for rein steered figure velocipedes.
263 for steering means for nonsimulating occupant propelled vehicles.
771 for occupant steered vehicles generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.202. Vehicles in which the steering body foreparts are hinged to the figure's body hindparts along a generally vertical line falling between the front and rear legs or supports of the figure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.201. Vehicles in which the legs move relatively to the trunk of the figure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for nonsimulating vehicles having walking supports without wheels.
1.167 for carriage-combined animal figures with relatively movable legs.
1.181 for figures in which the legs support the figure on the ground or floor and have relative movement to cause the figure to progress as by walking or galloping.
1.192 for leg movement which is part of the drive mechanism in rider body motion types or which serves to accommodate figure body motion to a running gear which has no corresponding motion.
218 for nonsimulating vehicles of the occupant-propelled type having alternately advancing wheeled supports.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Vehicles in which the propulsion of the vehicle or the turning of the wheels or supports for steering is caused by the rider's
pulling on the reins.
(1) Note. In this subclass, the head does not turn relative to the body, but patents from subclasses 1.201+ are cross-referenced herein when the reins are relatively movably connected to the steering point, even though the head also turns.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.202 for figures in which the head or fore-parts turn relatively to the body, the steered ground engaging means usually being rigid with the head or forefeet. The head may be turned by pulling on the reins. See (1) Note.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Vehicles which are propelled or steered by movement of the rider's feet in stirrups attached to the figure.
(1) Note. The stirrups must be equivalent to the stirrups of a horse saddle to the extent of being movably suspended from the saddle or seat portion of the simulated figure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.183 for foot or saddle actuated galloping type velocipedes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Velocipedes in which the figure is constructed as a shell or in which a solid body has been provided with one or more openings or cavities, usually to accommodate operating parts of the progressing mechanism.
(1) Note. Bodies having apertures to receive nonmoving parts which fit more or less closely therein are not considered to be hollow within the meaning of this definition.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.195 for bodies having slots to permit rocking movement of the body relative to rigid or rigid link steering means passing therethrough.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Vehicles which simulate aircraft.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.12 for aircraft simulating velocipedes having occupant operated means for propulsion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 230 for a toy aircraft having wheels.

This subclass is indented under subclass 827. Vehicles in which the simulation is that of a living figure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.13 for velocipedes of this type having means operated by the occupant for propelling them.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 97 and 115+ for figure toys.

Attendant propelled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 827. Vehicles which additionally include devices particularly adapted for the pushing or pulling of the vehicle by a nonoccupant.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, for hand pushed toys.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. A vehicle having a means adapted to engage the body of a walking attendant other than means adapted to be engaged by the hands or feet, the body engaging means being for the purpose of propelling the vehicle or sustaining some of the load carried by the vehicle.
(1) Note. An agricultural implement claimed by name only is considered a vehicle for purposes of this definition.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.11 for a vehicle wheel steered by a walking attendant.
47.17 for handle propelled tiltable vehicles.
47.34 for handle propelled stable vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
54, Harness, for animal harness, per se.
172, Earth Working, subclass 353 for an earth working implement having a draft means or ground support and guided or propelled by a walking attendant and also having body engaging means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles having a portion of the body or load supporting framework depending between the axles to form a portion of the running gear connections.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43.11 for a vehicle having a vertically adjustable wheel the axis of which may be moved to a position above the load carrying surface of the vehicle.
47.23 for handle-propelled vehicles with similarly disposed body or load supporting framework.
6.151 for a vehicle including means, interposed between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running gear thereof, for altering height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame for the proximate utility of facilitating cargo movement which may entail lowering the cargo support surface below the usual running gear level.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicles provided with means for rotating a wheel or wheels and operable from without the vehicle for propelling it.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
151 for auxiliary load starting attachments.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 96 for railway rolling stock with wheel or axle drive, and especially subclass 129 for flange or axle grip tools.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicles specially adapted to carry ladders and fire-hose, commonly fire-fighting vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, 63.1 for a vehicle mounted ladder with erection means and subclass 127 for a ladder with a land vehicle.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicles (1) constructed to permit its parts to be arranged for, or (2) having means combined therewith for ascending or descending steps or similar obstructions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for miscellaneous convertible land vehicles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.2. Vehicles having endless traction elements (1) shiftably mounted from a normal tractive position to a second position angularly
disposed on the vehicle to contact the edge portion of a step or abutment to propel the vehicle while in upright position at an incline to the horizontal, or (2) which are designed to have one portion active while traveling horizontally and a second portion active while ascending or descending a step or abutment, or (3) which are auxiliary to the normal running gear to provide a secondary traction means operative only when ascending or descending steps or the like.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, 9.1 for a motor vehicle including a special driving device of endless track configuration.
305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for endless flexible track type wheel substitutes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.2. Vehicles having a plate-like surface or rollerway positioned on the vehicle and designed to engage the edge portion of the step or abutment to facilitate movement of the vehicle thereacross.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.32 for roller attachments providing a fulcrum support for a vehicle.
7.12 for wheeled velocipedes convertible to or from runner type.
8 for miscellaneous vehicles provided with wheeled and runner type running gear.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.2. Vehicles comprising a spider-like means pivotally mounted on a vehicle in position to permit the legs of the spider to engage the tread portions of successive steps or levels of a path.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, 1 for steppers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.2. Vehicles in which the running gear comprises spaced ground engaging portions, which portions are mounted for relative movement to permit variations in the relative vertical or horizontal distances between said portions to facilitate movement over a step or abutment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6.15 for a land vehicle including means, interposed between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running gear thereof, for altering height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.
43 for a wheeled land vehicle including vertically adjustable wheels for altering a dimension of the vehicle or a part thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.2. Vehicles having attached thereto mechanism adapted to react upon a tread surface to lift or lower the vehicle to or from the step or abutment.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling force, 418 for miscellaneous vehicles having jacks attached thereto.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.2. Vehicles having attached thereto a fulcrum means about which the vehicle may be tilted.
(1) Note. The fulcrum is usually provided with wheel means at its outer end to permit translatory movement of the vehicle on its attached fulcrum.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.12 for vehicles having rocker or fulcrum supports
auxiliary to the wheels.
47.2 for auxiliary wheel attachments for two wheeled hand trucks or barrows.

SUSPENSION MODIFICATION ENACTED DURING TRAVEL (I.E., ACTIVE SUSPENSION CONTROL):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicle comprising a regulatable elastic means intermediate a vehicle body, chassis, or frame and ground engaging means thereof for supporting the weight of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame (i.e., sprung mass) upon the ground engaging means (e.g., axle, runner, ski, skid, sled, tire, unsprung mass, wheel, wheel assembly, wheel carrier) wherein the regulatable elastic means is caused to alter its elasticity property responsive to a force encountered while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion to control a handling or ride posture characteristic of the vehicle.
(1) Note. A named "vehicle suspension system or unit" responsive to a limitation, either expressly or inferentially claimed, representing a force associated with a traveling vehicle is properly classifiable herein whether or not mechanical parts (e.g., axle, control arm, linkage, pivot, runner, shock absorber, ski, skid, sled, spring, tire, wheel, wheel assembly, wheel carrier) constituting the regulatable elastic means or the ground engaging means are claimed.
(2) Note. A named "vehicle suspension system or unit", per se, lacking the limitation of responsiveness to a force associated with a vehicle in traveling motion is not properly classifiable herein. Thus, the feature of a "vehicle suspension system or unit" responding to a "load or loading condition", lacking a specific vehicular traversing motion limitation by either sole disclosure of dynamic loading experienced by the regulatable elastic means or explicit claim language, is not proper for classification in this or the indented subclasses but is provided for later in the class schedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6.15 for a general utility land vehicle including means interposed between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running gear thereof, for altering height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame without vehicular traversing motion.
8 for a vehicle having both wheel and runner support.
80.1 for specific running gear associated with a general utility wheeled land vehicle, especially subclass 86.5 for an
auxiliary axle assembly, subclasses 86.75+ for running gear provided with geometric or spatial alignment adjustment, or subclasses 124.1+ for a particular running gear suspension arrangement.
200 for wheeled occupant-propelled-type land vehicle running gear, especially subclasses 274+ or 281.1+. Additionally, in accordance with the (2) Note of subclass 200, motorcycle frames and running gear, without features causing classification in Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included in these subclasses.
400 for running gear of an articulated vehicle or plural interconnected vehicles (i.e., vehicle train).
830 wherein a vehicle frame is specially adapted to carry a tank or boiler, especially subclass 7 for means for leveling the tank or boiler portion responsive to an actual or incipient nonlevel condition.
845 for a vehicle having a sliding engagement with the travel surface, especially subclass 25 which includes a spring support.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, appropriate subclasses, for a general utility self-propelled land vehicle including a feature as specified in Class 180 definition. Class 180 is superior to Class 280 in the class hierarchy.
188, Brakes, 2 for a retarding or stopping mechanism employed upon a vehicle; or subclasses 266+ for a retarding or stopping mechanism employing an internal resistance medium.
267, Spring Devices, 2 for a spring device employed upon a vehicle.
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, appropriate subclasses, for specific wheel or axle construction. Class 301 is subordinate to Class 280 in the class hierarchy.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative Location, 37 for computer controlled auxiliary automotive vehicle systems including active suspension control.

Including fail-safe override of hazardous condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5. Subject matter comprising means for detecting a perceived abnormal handling or ride posture characteristic presenting a potentially life threatening situation during surface traversing motion
whereby the regulatable elastic means is caused to alter its elasticity property so as to assume a predefined state.
(1) Note. Fail-safe override requires a positive action by the regulatable elastic means upon the detection of a perceived abnormal handling or ride posture characteristic. The positive action may entail control elimination or attainment of a preordained position of the regulatable elastic means.
(2) Note. A suspension having regulatable elastic means that is merely preferentially operated while the vehicle is experiencing normal handling or ride posture characteristics is not proper for classification in this subclass and the subclass indented hereunder but rather belongs in an appropriate subclass provided later in the class schedule.

Of lateral vehicle attitude (e.g., antiroll, antisway):
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.501. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means is caused to alter its elasticity property so as to govern transverse or sideways vehicle body, chassis, or frame posture in relation to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame centerline.
(1) Note. The regulatable elastic means acts to change the transverse or sideways angulation of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame in relation to the travel direction.

Priority assignment between diverse control criterion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means is caused to alter its elasticity property responsive to multiple, individual handling or ride posture characteristics encountered while the vehicle is in normal surface traversing motion and one of the encountered handling or ride posture characteristics dominates the response of the regulatable elastic means.
(1) Note. The phrase "normal surface traversing motion" is employed to distinguish from a perceived abnormal handling or ride posture condition which is provided for earlier in the class schedule.
(2) Note. Representative of multiple, individual handling or ride posture characteristics are lateral vehicle attitude, longitudinal vehicle attitude, riding or suspension height, suspension stiffness for ride comfort, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.501 for a land vehicle active suspension having a regulatable elastic means which is caused to alter its elasticity property in response to a perceived abnormal handling or ride posture condition.

Including condition or parameter adjustment occurring at longitudinally spaced vehicle axles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5. Subject matter comprising (a) supporting shafts or members for the ground engaging means positioned at front and rear ends of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame; (b) regulatable elastic means being disposed at each end of the vehicle; and (c) the regulatable elastic means are cooperatively regulated.
(1) Note. Regulatable elastic means positioned at front and rear ends of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame without the inclusion of the supporting shafts or members are not proper for classification in this subclass or those indented hereunder.

Applied between diagonally opposed suspension units:
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.504. Subject matter wherein (a) the regulatable elastic means are additionally located upon opposite sides of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame centerline and (b) the cooperative regulation of the elastic means occurs upon opposite ends and opposite sides of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

Controlling lateral vehicle attitude (e.g., antiroll, antisway):
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.504. Subject matter wherein the cooperative regulation of the longitudinally spaced regulatable elastic means governs transverse or sideways vehicle body, chassis, or frame posture in relation to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame centerline.
(1) Note. Adjustment occurs upon each longitudinally spaced vehicle axle. Control of lateral vehicle attitude by regulatable elastic means upon a single vehicle axle is not
proper for classification in this subclass but is provided for later in the class schedule.
(2) Note. The regulatable elastic means acts to change the transverse or sideways angulation of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame in relation to the travel direction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.508 for an active land vehicle suspension including control of lateral vehicle attitude by regulatable elastic means upon a single vehicle axle.

Lateral and longitudinal vehicle attitude control (e.g., combinations of antidive, antipitch, antiroll, antisquat, antisway, antiyaw, riding, or suspension height):
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means is caused to alter its elasticity property so as to govern both transverse or sideways and front-to-rear or fore-and-aft posture of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame in relation to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame centerline.
(1) Note. A suspension system providing lateral and longitudinal attitude control including longitudinally spaced front and rear vehicle axles is not proper for classification in this subclass.
(2) Note. A suspension system separately providing, as claimed, for either lateral or longitudinal attitude control is not proper for classification in this subclass. Such a suspension system belongs in a subclass provided later in the class schedule for the respective lateral or longitudinal attitude control being claimed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.504 for an active land vehicle suspension system providing lateral and longitudinal attitude control including elasticity adjustment occurring at longitudinally spaced vehicle axles.

Lateral vehicle disposition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means is caused to alter its elasticity property so as to govern sideways or transverse posture of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame in relation to
the vehicle body, chassis, or frame centerline.
(1) Note. The regulatable elastic means acts to change the transverse or sideways angulation of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame in relation to the direction of travel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.502 for a suspension controlling lateral vehicle attitude including fail-safe override of a hazardous condition.
5.504 for a suspension controlling lateral vehicle attitude including longitudinally spaced vehicle axles.

Body banking:
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.508. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means inclines or tilts the vehicle body, chassis, or frame toward a center of curvature about which the vehicle is executing arcuate travel to overcompensate for resultant centrifugal force experienced by the vehicle executing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.103 for a mechanical hardware or structural assembly suspension arrangement causing body banking on turning.

Steering element responsive (e.g., steering angle, steering rate):
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.508. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means responds to operation of a mechanism causing the vehicle to execute arcuate travel.
(1) Note. The mere inclusion of terminology associated with arcuate travel of a vehicle, such as steered, turned, or turning, without a limitation indicative of operation of means for executing such arcuate travel of the vehicle does not render classification proper for this or the indented subclasses.

Applied to sway or torsion bar:
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.51. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means includes an elongated rod, shaft, or tube having a long axis and providing a springing action through twisting about the long axis (torque deformation) upon which the regulative action is administered.
(1) Note. The mere inclusion of a sway or torsion bar does not cause assignment to this subclass unless a regulative action is applied to such sway or torsion bar.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.106 for a mechanical hardware or structural assembly suspension arrangement for preventing sideways or transverse tilt of a vehicle body, chassis, or frame including a sway or torsion bar interconnecting laterally opposed wheel suspension units.
124.125 for a suspension arrangement of a wheel separately supported upon an individual skein or spindle axle; especially subclass 124.13 wherein a longitudinally extending swinging arm includes stabilizing means within the connection housing of the swinging arm pivot to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame; subclass 124.137 wherein an upper and lower lateral control arm suspension includes a torsion bar; subclass 124.149 wherein a lateral control arm and vertical strut suspension includes a torsion stabilizer; or subclass 124.152 wherein a lateral control arm suspension includes a stabilizer bar.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, 183 for a spring device having a stabilizer bar for causing a uniform displacement along a substantially horizontal line contained in the vehicle body or chassis.

Including suspension stiffness for ride comfort (e.g., damping coefficient, spring rate):
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.51. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means additionally governs the extent of vibrational force experienced by a vehicle occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.503 for an active suspension responsive to plural, diverse control criterion and one of the control characteristics is given regulative priority.

Longitudinal vehicle disposition (e.g., antidive, antipitch, antisquat):
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means is caused to alter its elasticity property so as to govern front-to-rear or fore-and-aft posture of the vehicle body, chassis or frame along the vehicle body, chassis, or frame centerline.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.504 for an active suspension including longitudinally spaced front and rear vehicle axles or wheel support means.

Riding or suspension height (e.g., ground-clearance, "trim height"):
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means is caused to alter its elasticity property so as to govern distance from various points of a vehicle body, chassis, or frame to the travel surface or vertical separation from running gear components.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for adjusting or maintaining a physically dimensioned separation gap (e.g., "trim height", etc.) between a vehicle body, chassis or frame and land or running gear components, as contrasted with the lateral or longitudinal vehicle attitude or disposition subclasses provided earlier in the class schedule whose proximate utility is regulation of the posture of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame, although the vehicle attitude or disposition subclasses may inherently alter riding or suspension height.
(2) Note. Fluid suspension systems including a "level control valve" provided with means for adjustment of the trip point thereof responding to changes of static loading are not proper for this subclass but are provided for later in the class schedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.501 for a riding or suspension height adjustable suspension including fail-safe override.
5.503 for an active suspension responsive to diverse control criterion, one of which may be riding or suspension height.
6.157 for body elevation or tilt adjustment of a vehicle due to a static load imposed upon the suspension including
adjustment of a trip point of a "level control valve" within a fluid suspension system. See the (2) Note supra.
43 for an extensible vehicle including vertically adjustable wheels for altering a dimension of the vehicle or part thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, subclass 64.16 for a fluid spring device including means for maintaining an effective working range of the fluid spring device.

Suspension stiffness for ride comfort (e.g., damping coefficient, spring rate):
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means is caused to alter its elasticity property so as to govern the extent of travel surface induced vibrational force experienced by a vehicle occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.512 for an active suspension controlling lateral vehicle disposition and including suspension stiffness for ride comfort regulation.
6.157 for a suspension arrangement including control means which establish riding or trim height of the vehicle suspension arrangement due to a static load for enabling proper running gear operation, which may or may not involve adjustment of suspension stiffness.
124.101 for a mechanical hardware or structural assembly suspension arrangement including control means for preparatory adjustment of the extent of resilient, shock absorbing support provided.
124.108 for a mechanical hardware or structural assembly suspension arrangement specifically abating mechanically induced vibration.

Bushing compliance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.515. Subject matter comprising an accommodative resilient coupling member whose elasticity property is altered.

Look ahead:
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.515. Subject matter comprising (a) means upon the vehicle for detecting land surface irregularities spatially positioned from the regulated elastic means and (b) the regulatable elastic means is caused to alter its elasticity property responsive thereto.
(1) Note. Included herein are "road surface detectors" relying upon a transient signal from an element of another regulatable elastic means to signify the road surface condition.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.504 for an active suspension including longitudinally spaced vehicle axles or wheel support means.
5.518 for an active suspension including "road surface detectors" which actually observe land surface irregularities and contour.

Traveling surface inspection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.517. Subject matter wherein the means upon the vehicle for detecting land surface irregularities actually examines or observes the land contour.
(1) Note. Included herein are sonic, ultrasonic, or other road surface examining systems.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.515 for an active suspension which relies upon a transient signal from an element of a regulatable elastic means to signify the road surface condition.

Plural distinct modes (i.e., HARD-SOFT):
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.515. Subject matter comprising selection of an elasticity or resiliency value from among discrete, multiple relative elasticity or resiliency values, with each elasticity or resiliency value
representing a defined ride firmness.
(1) Note. Included herein are suspension systems providing "HARD-SOFT" ride firmness.
(2) Note. Continuous adjustment or variable suspension systems are not included herein because they do not invoke selection of defined parameters.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.515 for a continuous adjustment or variable active suspension.

Suspension geometry (e.g., camber, caster, toe-in/toe-out, wheel track, road contact):
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means governs a spatial relationship between structural elements of the running gear.
(1) Note. Running gear is defined as the structural assembly connecting ground-engaging means (e.g., runner, skid, sled, wheel) to a vehicle body, chassis, or frame, inclusive of axle, control arm, link, shock absorber, spring, strut, etc.
(2) Note. The spatial relationship herein provides for other than vertical separation of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame from running gear components which is specifically provided in subclass 5.514 earlier in the class schedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.514 for a suspension including riding or suspension height alteration of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame relative to land or components of the running gear.
43 for an extensible vehicle including vertically adjustable wheels relative to the running gear for altering a dimension of the vehicle or part thereof.
86.75 for a wheeled vehicle running gear provided with means upon the vehicle enabling static adjustment of a spatial relationship.

Camber or caster:
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.52. Subject matter wherein the spatial relationship governs an inclination or tilt of (a) a wheel relative to the ground surface as measured in degrees from true vertical (i.e., camber) or (b) a steering axis relative to the center line of the wheel as measured in degrees from true vertical (i.e., caster).
(1) Note. Camber is the tilting inward (negative camber) or outward (positive camber) of the top of the wheel as viewed from the front of the vehicle.
(2) Note. Caster is the tilting forward (negative caster) or backward (positive caster) of a line extending through upper and lower ball joints or a kingpin as viewed from the side of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86.751 for general utility wheeled land vehicle running gear provided with means enabling static camber or caster adjustment.

Toe:
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.52. Subject matter wherein the spatial relationship governs a difference in distance between extreme front and rear edges of laterally opposed wheels relative to the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle.
(1) Note. "Toe-in" results when the distance difference for the extreme front edges is smaller than for the extreme rear edges. "Toe-out" results when the distance difference for the extreme front edges is greater than for the extreme rear edges.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86.75 for general utility wheeled land vehicle running gear provided with means for enabling static toe adjustment, particularly subclass 86.758 for toe adjustment of a steerable wheel.

Bushing compliance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.522. Subject matter comprising an accommodative resilient coupling member whose elasticity property is altered.

Nonsteered wheel (e.g., independent rear suspension):
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.523. Subject matter wherein the accommodative resilient coupling member is utilized in supporting an unsteerable, rolling ground engaging member.

BODY ELEVATION OR TILT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicle comprising means disposed between that portion of a land vehicle which operates as a load, load carrier, or receptacle and running gear for vertically predisposing the load, load carrier, or receptacle at a distance from either the land surface or from the running gear to achieve change in height or level.
(1) Note. Running gear is defined as the structural assembly connecting ground-engaging means (e.g., runner, skid, sled, wheel) to a vehicle body, chassis, or frame, inclusive of axle, control arm, link, shock absorber, spring, strut, etc.
(2) Note. Means for vertically positioning a wheel relative to running gear for the purpose of altering a dimension of the vehicle or a part thereof is not proper for classification in this subclass or subclasses indented hereunder. Such subject matter is provided for later in the class schedule.
(3) Note. The means changes height or levelness for other than transient excursions. Adjustment or establishment of riding or suspension height of a vehicle body, chassis, or frame in response to a force encountered while the vehicle is executing surface travel is provided for earlier in this class (Class 280).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.503 for an active suspension involving plural diverse control criterion one of which may be riding or suspension height adjustment.
5.514 for riding or suspension height adjustment occurring during vehicle travel.
7 for a vehicle wherein the receptacle, load, or load carrier comprises a tank or boiler with leveling means
extending between running gear and the tank or boiler.
30 for a vehicle which is convertible from a wheeled vehicle to a nonvehicular structure.
43 for a vehicle comprising a running gear and a wheel means, and means whereby the wheel means may be vertically adjusted relative to the running gear for the purpose of altering a dimension of the vehicle or a part thereof.
293 for a velocipede which is provided with a prop or steadying device.
763.1 for a vehicle which is provided with a retractable prop or stand which may be extended to stabilize the vehicle when not in motion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, 206 for platform adjustments for harvesters.
105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 164 for railroad trucks with levelers.
172, Earth Working, appropriate subclasses, especially 395 for earth working apparatus comprising vertically adjustable wheels; subclasses 400+ for means interconnecting the wheels of an earth working implement whereby they may be moved, simultaneously, vertically with respect to the frame; subclass 406 for an earth working apparatus with an actuator for adjusting wheels on different axles and an additional actuator for changing the relative position of the wheels; subclasses 446+ for laterally adjustable earth working tools which may involve a leveling feature; subclasses 459+ for an earth working element which is swingable about an axis which extends substantially in the direction of movement of the apparatus over the ground; or subclass 466 for an earth working tool which is lifted and held raised for transport by a means other than the lifting means.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 39 and 41 for motor vehicles of that class (Class 180) with leveling means and subclasses 89.1+ for attaching bodies of motor vehicles of that class (Class 180) to the running gear thereof.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, appropriate subclasses for vehicle body construction in general, especially 35.1 for devices securing the vehicle body to the running chassis frame including nominal recitation of running gear.
298, Land Vehicles: Dumping, appropriate subclasses for vehicles other than track or rail vehicles adapted to carry a load with means to manipulate the vehicle so that a considerable part of the load will move by gravity to unload the vehicle.

Loading position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.15. Subject matter comprising predisposing the load, load carrier, or receptacle portion to accommodate cargo movement.
(1) Note. Included herein are means for positioning the load, load carrier, or receptacle portion of a land vehicle at a height compatible to that of a loading dock.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for a vehicle wherein a portion of the body or load supporting framework depends between axles and functions as part of the running gear connection.
43.11 for a vehicle having a vertically adjustable wheel for altering a dimension of the vehicle or a part thereof wherein the wheel axis may be moved to a position above the load carrying surface of the vehicle.
47.21 for a handle propelled, tiltable vehicle having an adjustable or shiftable axle to varying the position thereof relative to the body to facilitate loading.
47.23 for a handle propelled, tiltable vehicle having a load carrying surface below a wheel axis with no means to elevate the wheel.
425.1 for articulated vehicles including a semitrailer provided with power or manually actuated lift means on the tractor or reacting between the tractor and trailer to vertically position the connecting members (a) for coupling or (b) to raise the trailer after coupling.
446.1 for articulated vehicles wherein the position of a connection is automatically changed in response to load or draft connections.
477 for articulated vehicles including a coupling facilitating device wherein the articulated vehicles are other than the semitrailer type.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
298, Land Vehicles: Dumping, appropriate subclasses for vehicles other than track or rail vehicles adapted to carry a load with means to manipulate the vehicle so that a considerable part of the load will move by gravity to unload the vehicle.
414, Material or Article Handling, subclass 584 for external means used to position the load, load carrier, or receptacle
portion of a vehicle for accommodating cargo movement.

Occupant ingress or egress:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.151. Subject matter wherein the accommodated cargo movement is user entry or exit from the vehicle.
(1) Note. Included herein are "kneeling" bus suspensions.

Static site leveling (e.g., camper, mobile home, recreational vehicle, work vehicle):
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.15. Subject matter comprising predisposing of the load, load carrier, or receptacle portion in a level attitude, irrespective of the surface contour beneath the vehicle, at a singular, stationary location.
(1) Note. Included herein are leveling means employing elements of the running gear. Leveling means involving attachments or auxiliary devices are not proper for classification in this subclass unless they are interrelated with an element of the running gear.
(2) Note. Level attitude for the purpose of this subclass is intended to be absolute level (i.e., parallel to a flat horizontal plane).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.33 for a wheeled tiltable vehicle provided with leg structure to stabilize the vehicle in a rest position.
293 for a velocipede which is provided with a prop or steadying device.
427 for articulated vehicles including a semitrailer having landing gear with interrelated coupling or brake operation.
475 for articulated vehicles provided with ground engaging support means to partially support one of the vehicles when uncoupled from the other vehicle, wherein the support means is in a retracted or inoperative position when the vehicles are coupled.
763.1 for a vehicle which is provided with a retractable prop or stand which may be extended to stabilize the vehicle when not in motion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, 418 for attached vehicle jacks, including retractable ground supports and props.

Terrain slope compensation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.15. Subject matter comprising predisposing the load, load carrier, or receptacle portion to accommodate sustained travel upon an expansive inclined surface.
(1) Note. The presence of a gravity induced alteration control is included in this and the indented subclasses.
(2) Note. This and the indented subclasses are intended to position the load, load carrier, or receptacle portion in an appropriate attitude for prolonged travel upon a hillside or other protracted, nonlevel land configuration. Accordingly, load, load carrier, or receptacle vertical positioning occurring from encountering rough or uneven terrain is not proper for this or the indented subclasses. Such rough or uneven terrain adjustment is a normal function of a suspension system and is provided for earlier in the class schedule if suspension adjustment is caused to occur in response to a force encountered while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion or in an appropriate subclass elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.508 for an active suspension responding to a force encountered while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion to regulate lateral disposition of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.
5.514 for an active suspension responding to a force encountered while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion to regulate ground clearance or "trim height".

Individual ground engaging means vertically movable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.154. Subject matter comprising (a) separately mounted running gear positioned upon each side of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame; and (b) means to create vertical movement of at least one of the running gear.
(1) Note. Running gear is defined as the structural assembly connecting ground-engaging means (e.g., runner, skid, sled, wheel) to a vehicle body, chassis, or frame, inclusive of axle, control arm, link, shock absorber, spring, strut, etc.
(2) Note. Running gear comprising a single transverse axle either pivotally mounted or having a crank axle on each end is not to be considered separately mounted running gear proper for classification in this or the indented subclass but is provided for earlier in the class schedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6.154 for a vehicle including body elevation or tilting by means of running gear comprising a single transverse axle either pivotally mounted or having a crank axle on each end.
43 for means for vertically positioning a wheel relative to running gear for the purpose of altering a dimension of the vehicle or a part thereof.

Longitudinally extending support arm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.155. Subject matter wherein at least one vertically movable laterally positioned running gear is supported upon an elongate member pivotally mounted about a laterally directed axis.

Establishing riding or trim height:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.15. Subject matter comprising predisposing the load, load carrier, or receptacle portion for attaining an appropriate location for proper running gear operation.
(1) Note. Riding or trim height is an art term recognized to define a normal operative disposition of structural components of the running gear design.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.503 for an active suspension involving plural diverse control criterion, one of which may be riding or suspension height adjustment. See the (3) Note under subclass 6.15 of this class.
5.514 for an active suspension having riding or suspension
height adjustment responding while the vehicle is in motion. See the (2) Note under subclass 5.514 of this class.
86.5 for a vehicle including a selectively employed auxiliary axle which may or may not be deployed into ground engaging position for establishing riding or trim height.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, subclass 64.16 for a fluid spring device including means for maintaining an effective working range of the fluid spring device.

Including dwell period (e.g., delay, inactive, suppression):
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.157. Subject matter including means deferring incipient operation.
(1) Note. Included herein are riding or trim height establishing suspensions provided with delay means inhibiting or precluding a response to excursions of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame while the vehicle is in motion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.503 for a riding or trim height establishing suspension including means responding while the vehicle is in motion for superseding riding or trim height control. See the (3) Note under subclass 6.15 of this class.

Load responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.157. Subject matter wherein the riding or trim height is established by the distribution or quantity of payload placed in or upon the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6.158 for a riding or trim height establishing suspension, which may or may not be responsive to a distribution or quantity of payload placed in or upon the vehicle, including means deferring incipient operation.

Lateral vehicle attitude:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.159. Subject matter wherein the riding or trim height adjustment controls the sideways or transverse disposition of the vehicle relative to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame centerline.
(1) Note. Either a specific limitation directed to controlling lateral disposition or sole disclosure of controlling the running gear at lateral sides of a single vehicle axle are required for placement in this subclass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 830. Vehicle comprising (1) means for keeping the tank or boiler portion of a vehicle level responsive to a means sensing an actual or incipient nonlevel condition, or (2) an adjustable means extending between the running gear and the tank or boiler of the vehicle which is operative to level the tank or boiler.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Velocipedes in which the parts may be manipulated to convert the vehicle into some other device or some other type of vehicle.
(1) Note. Velocipedes are those vehicles including skates, adapted to be propelled by the occupant including those pushed by the occupant by contact of the hands or feet with the surface over which the vehicle moves.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.188 for convertible figure type velocipedes.
9 for wheel and runner vehicles with retractable wheels or runners.
13 for runners applied to the wheels of wheeled vehicles.
30 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle which is convertible to a nonvehicular structure.
87.01 for coasters.
200 for occupant propelled-type land vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 95 for trackman's car convertible to bicycle.
297, Chairs and Seats, 1 for chair or seat convertible from wheel mounted to nonwheel mounted by reorienting the entire device, and subclasses 130+ for a chair or seat having alternately usable supporting devices, as wheels, rockers, suspending hangers and the like.

This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Velocipedes in which the conversion is from an ordinary frame to a drop frame, i.e., one which is commonly known as a ladies' bicycle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Velocipedes in which the conversion is from a wheeled velocipede to a runner type or vice versa.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8 for wheel and runner vehicles.
13 for wheel runner type vehicles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 7.12. Velocipedes which have means adapting them to be attached to the feet of the occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
841 for skates not convertible.

This subclass is indented under subclass 7.12. Vehicles in which a wheel is substituted for a runner or vice versa.

This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Vehicles which have means adapting them to be propelled by the occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.12 for vehicles convertible to the runner type and having occupant propelling means.
200 for nonconvertible vehicles with occupant propelling means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 7.15. Vehicles in which the conversion is to or from a plural occupant propelled vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
209 222, 231+, and 273, for occupant propelled vehicles having provision for plural occupants.

This subclass is indented under subclass 7.15. Vehicles in which the conversion is from an occupant propelled vehicle to a nonoccupant propelled vehicle or vice versa.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicles provided with both supporting-wheels and runners.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.12 for convertible velocipedes of the wheel and runner
type.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 196 for a motor vehicle which includes one or more ski-like or runner members and wherein the vehicle is provided with at least one surface-engaging propulsion element and further wherein the element comprises a traction wheel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Vehicles in which either the wheel or the runner gear may be moved to an inoperative position, leaving the other in position for use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86.5 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including an auxiliary axle assembly which is selectively disposable between a use and a nonuse position.
638 for a vehicle constructed in such manner that the physical dimension of the vehicle or a part thereof may change or vary, particularly subclasses 639+ wherein the vehicle is foldable to a collapsed or more compact form or subclasses 43+ wherein the vehicle is provided with vertically adjustable wheels.

This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Vehicles in which the runner gear in its operative position engages the wheels of the wheeled gear.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13 for wheel runner type sleds.

This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Vehicles in which the adjustable running-gear is pivoted to swing about an axis laterally of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
641 for folding vehicles having pivoted wheel carriers with transverse axis.

With propulsion means driven by occupant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 841. Skates provided with means to cause them to move relative to the surface on which they are supported, which means is driven by the manual effort of the person utilizing the skates.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
200 for a vehicle of the wheeled type which is provided with means whereby it may be propelled by the occupant thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 181 for a motor vehicle of the ski- or skate-type for imparting movement to a person standing thereon and wherein the power means or a portion thereof is affixed to or built into the ski or skate.

This subclass is indented under subclass 841. Skates which are supported by runners.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11.12. Skates in which the foot plates are resiliently supported on the runner.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.15 for jointed runners and foot supports.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11.12. Skates in which the skate is made up of two or more runner supported sections pivotally connected, or in which the foot supports are movably jointed to the runners.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.14 for resilient connections between the foot plates and runners.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11.12. Skates in which the foot supports are extensible to fit different size shoes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.26 for extensible wheeled skates.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11.12. Skates in which a runner is secured in a frame including hollow foot posts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11.12. Devices in which only the runner structure is claimed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 841. Skates which are provided with wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, 18 for casters generally and 97+ for wheel mounts for panel hangers.
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, 5.3 for skate wheels.

With retrogression prevention:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.19. Subject matter having means to prevent motion of the skate except in a forward direction.

Including skate ventilation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.19. Subject matter wherein a skate boot includes a device for air circulation to and from the skate boot.

Including lighting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.19. Subject matter having a device which illuminates the skate or area around the skate or area around the skate.

With brake:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.19. Subject matter including a skate wheel motion reducing or retarding member (i.e., a brake member).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Motor Vehicles, 2 for vehicle brakes.

Continuously applied brake:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.204. Subject matter wherein the brake member is in constant engagement with the wheels or the skating surface.

Brake includes roller engagable with skating surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.204. Subject matter wherein the brake member includes a rotational element which when actuated by a rider contacts the skating surface.

Brake element rigidly attached to skate frame:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.204. Subject matter wherein the brake member is firmly and non-movably secured to the skate.

Brake element engagable with skating surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.207. Subject matter wherein the brake member contacts a surface upon which skate wheels are rolling.

Element attached to front end of skate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.208. Subject matter wherein the brake member is mounted at or near the bow of the skate.

Brake element movably mounted to skate frame:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.204. Subject matter wherein the brake member moves relative to the skate upon braking.

Hand actuated brake controller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.211. Subject
matter including a hand operated means mounted on the skate to regulate the movement of the brake member.

Wireless brake controller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.212. Subject matter wherein the movement of the brake member is regulated by an electromagnetic or sonic device.

Leg operated brake controller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.211. Subject matter wherein the brake member is regulated by a pivotal movement of skater s leg relative to the skater s foot.

Brake element pivotally mounted:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.211. Subject matter wherein the brake member is hingedly secured to the skate for permitting the movement of the brake member during braking.

Brake element engagable with skating surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.215. Subject matter wherein the brake member contacts a surface upon which the skate wheels are rolling.

Brake element engaging skating surface and wheel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.211. Subject matter wherein the brake member contacts the skating surface and a skating wheel during braking.

In-line wheels (e.g., in-line skates):
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.19. Subject matter wherein all the wheels supporting the skate are aligned so as to share a common rolling path.

Different size wheels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.221. Subject matter having one wheel larger or smaller than another wheel.

Axle mounting arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.221. Subject matter includes specific structure for rotatably securing the wheels to skates.

Including pivotally mounted boot:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.221. Subject matter wherein a under surface of a boot is hingedly secured to the skate.

Including shock absorbing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.221. Subject matter includes a device between the wheels and the skate frame for dampening uneven or abrupt forces on the skate.

Spherical wheels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.221. Subject matter wherein the wheels are generally spherically shaped.

Cylindrical wheels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.221. Subject matter wherein the wheels are generally cylindrical shaped.
(1) Note. The axial length of the wheel is larger than the diameter of the wheel.

Three or four wheels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.221. Subject matter wherein the skate has three or four wheels.

A wheel raised above skating surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.231. Subject matter wherein a wheel is positioned out of contact with a surface upon which the wheels are rolling.

Two wheels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.221. Subject matter wherein the skate has two wheels.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11.19. Skates having a single supporting wheel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11.19. Skates having two supporting wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.233 for skates with two wheels arranged in tandem.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11.19. Skates in which the foot supports are extensible to fit different sized shoes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.16 for extensible runner type skates.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11.19. Devices in which the wheeled trucks and/or the truck mounting are claimed, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11.27. Devices in which the trucks are resiliently yieldable relative to their supports.

This subclass is indented under subclass 841. Devices in which the means to attach or secure a skate to a rider's shoe are claimed. The mere inclusion of the runner or wheels broadly will not keep the patent out of this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
36, Boots, Shoes, and Leggings, 62 for detachable antislipping devices for shoes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11.3. Devices in which the securing means comprises clamps engaging the toe and/or heel of the shoe.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
36, Boots, Shoes, and Leggings, 64, for clamping means for attaching antislipping devices to shoes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11.31. Devices in which the clamping means is actuated by a screw device.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11.31. Devices in which the clamping means is actuated by a lever mechanism.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11.33. Devices having a screw adjustment.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11.3. Devices in which means is provided to support or brace the ankle of a skater.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
602, Surgery: Splint, Brace, or Bandage, subclass 27 and 65 for ankle braces, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Vehicles which have means adapting them to be propelled by the occupant, not merely pushed by the hands or feet of the occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.27 for the push type sled vehicle, which is pushed by a standing occupant.

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.1. Vehicles in which the propelling means pushes the vehicle by intermittent contact with the surface over which the vehicle travels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
219 for wheeled vehicles similarly propelled.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 187 for a motor vehicle which includes one or more ski-like or runner members and wherein the vehicle is provided with at least one surface-engaging propulsion element and further wherein the element has a shuffling movement along the surface which supports it.

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.11. Vehicles in which the propelling means is specially designed to be operated by the feet of the occupant.

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.1. Vehicles in which the propelling means is a traction wheel contacting the surface over which the vehicle moves.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 196 for a motor vehicle which
includes one or more ski-like or runner members and wherein the vehicle is provided with at least one surface-engaging propulsion element and further wherein the element comprises a traction wheel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.13. Vehicles in which the propelling means is specially designed to be operated by the feet of the occupant.

This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Vehicles in which the runners are applied to the wheels of wheeled vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10 for vehicles having both wheels and runners.

This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Vehicles in which the runners are constructed to replace the wheels of a wheeled vehicle and fit over the wheel-axles, usually on the axle-spindles.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
26 for rocker runner type vehicles.

Skis converted to sled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Vehicles using standard snow skis, normally attached to individual feet of a standing occupant, as the slidable surface attached to some occupant or load supporting structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
818 for skis interconnected for training.

Standing occupant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Subject matter wherein a floor (i.e., platform) of the vehicle is adapted to support both feet of an occupant in standing position and intended primarily to coast down a snow slope or ice (i.e., supporting surface).
(1) Note: These vehicles are analogous to skateboards or surfboards but may be used on snow or ice.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.28 for a standing occupant sled with steering handles.
23.1 for runner vehicles intended to be pushed using some upwardly extending superstructure, by an attendant who does not ride on the sled.

With two bindings mounted on single platform:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.21. Subject matter wherein the vehicle includes two foot securing and fastening devices mounted on a single gliding member.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.3 for means to attach a shoe to the skate.

Bindings interconnected for simultaneous release:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.22. Subject matter wherein the feet securing and devices fastenings are connected by a linkage mechanism which allows both feet to be simultaneously detached from the feet securing and fastening devices.

Bindings pivot about vertical axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.22. Subject matter includes a pivot connection of each binding to the platform which allows the bindings to move to selected positions about an passing perpendicular through the platform.

Platform supported by tandem runners:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.21. Subject matter wherein surfaces of the platform in contact with the supporting surface are aligned so as to share a common gliding path.

Platform supported by side by side runners:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.21. Subject matter wherein surfaces of the platform in contact with the supporting surface are laterally spaced.

With handle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.21. Subject matter including an upwardly extending hand graspable member (i.e., a handle) which is fixedly secured to the skate.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.28 for a runner vehicle with steering handle.

Steerable handle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.27. Subject matter wherein the handle is manipulated to direct the vehicle.
(1) Note. The device may simply be a lever for flexing the runner.
(2) Note. This subclass includes scooter type vehicles with runners.

Multiple sled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Vehicle in which the sliding surface comprises a plurality of longitudinally spaced sliding running gear units.

This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Sleds arranged to be steered by the vehicle occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
771 for occupant steered wheeled vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Brakes, subclass 8 for means for steering by altering the speed of one side of the vehicle as by a brake.

This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Sleds in which one sliding unit is mounted to swivel on a vertical axis, and may also rock about a lateral axis relative to the other sliding unit.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.114 for a wheeled vehicle having running gear including a rocking and swinging axle.

Toboggan:
This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Vehicles where the sliding surface is provided by a large flat bottom surface of the load support.
(1) Note. In these sleds the sliding running gear is the bottom of the load support.

Bowl or saucer type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Vehicles wherein the entire vehicle serves as the sliding surface and is in the shape of a saucer or bowl.

This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Sleds having contact with intended to be pulled the supporting surface along substantially their entire width.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18 for toboggans.

Shelter sled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Runner vehicles provided with means to convert the vehicle to an occupant shelter for ice fishing or the like.
(1) Note. The sliding surface, in the form of runners, may remain in place or the entire device may be reorganized.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28.12 for situations in which the vehicle is used to shelter ice fishing equipment only, in which case it is considered to be a container.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g. Buildings), for portable buildings.
135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane, for tent shelters.

This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Sleds which
are foldable from their condition of use into a more compact form, as for storage or shipment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for vehicles having wheels and runners, one or both being retractable.
639 for folding wheeled vehicles.

Occupant steered:
This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Vehicles having a single running gear unit arranged to be steered by the occupant of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16 for occupant steered sleds with multiple sliding running gear units.
771 for occupant steered wheeled vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Brakes, 8 for means for steering by altering the speed of one side of the vehicle, as by a brake.

This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1. Sleds in which the runners are hinged sections or of flexible construction, so that they can be bent out of straight lines to steer the vehicle.

Tiltable runner type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1. Vehicles in which a steering effect results from the rotation of the runners about their longitudinal axes relative to the load or occupant support platform.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
21.1 for runners which tilt as a result of a compound
rotation about an angular upright axis.

Push:
This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Vehicles designed to be propelled by being pushed by a rear attendant.
(1) Note. The sled may include a front load or occupant seating platform and the rear attendant may ride on the rear of the sled as it coasts.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.13 and 47.34+, for hand propelled wheeled vehicles.
87.021 for wheeled push vehicles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Sleds provided with means for attaching poles, shafts, or the like for draft purposes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 for a wheeled land vehicle normally traveling on two wheels including a draft connection.
124.114 for running gear of a general utility wheeled land vehicle including a rocking and swinging axle which may or may not involve a draft connection.
124.12 for running gear of a general utility wheeled land vehicle including a resilient, shock absorbing mounted swinging axle having a draft connection.
137.501 for running gear of a general utility wheeled land vehicle including a turnable axle having a draft connection, noting the search notes provided therein for additional relevant subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
278, Land Vehicles: Animal Draft Appliances, 52 for thrill couplings for vehicles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Sleds having springs supporting the load-carrier.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 and see the search notes thereunder.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, 2 for vehicle springs.

This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Sleds in which the individual runners are mounted to rock longitudinally of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14 for hub mounted runners.
15 for multiple sleds.

This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Devices comprising connecting members between the runner-base and the load support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Devices in which the sliding portion of the runner is claimed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 544 for a web or sheet-stock material, e.g., of indefinite length, which is all metal or has adjacent metal components.

With brake:
This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Vehicle including a device to stop or retard the motion of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Brakes, appropriate subclasses for brakes, per se, with no significant vehicle structure, and especially subclass 8 for ground engaging brakes.

Container type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Vehicle where the sliding surface or surfaces support a receptacle container for nonoccupant loads.

Logging type sled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Vehicles in which a sliding running gear unit is attached to one end only of the load to be transported.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for drags having no particular sliding running gear unit.

Central runner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Vehicles equipped with a central primary load carrying runner.

With auxiliary outrigger runner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28.14. Vehicles equipped with laterally mounted runners, in addition to the
central runner, for limiting tilting or assisting in steering.
(1) Note. The laterally mounted runners are normally out of engagement with the running surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.131 for a tiltable wheeled vehicle which is stabilized by an article or an attendant.

Auxiliary top, bottom or side runners:
This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Vehicles equipped with auxiliary runners in addition to the primary running surface.
(1) Note. The vehicle is stable on its primary sliding surface, the auxiliary runners being normally out of engagement with the ground. The auxiliary runners may be located laterally to prevent overturn, on the bottom to provide additional support in loose snow or on top to enable the vehicle to be inverted for use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28.14 for nonstable runner vehicles with a single central runner.
755 for an attachment preventing rolling or tilting of a general utility wheeled land vehicle past a given point.

Machinery sled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Vehicle having particular runner structure to support a machine or machine parts collectively.

Tank or vacuum cleaner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28.17. Vehicle specifically for supporting vacuum cleaners or other cylindrical container type devices.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicles provided with supporting wheel substitutes to engage the surface over which the vehicle moves.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.22 for a step or abutment ascending type vehicle provided with an endless track.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 164 for a motor vehicle provided with means for creating a fluid force to attract the vehicle to the surface upon which it travels; subclasses 116+ for a motor vehicle of the surface effect type; subclasses 180+ for a ski- or skate- type vehicle for imparting movement to a person standing thereon; subclasses 182+ for a motor vehicle which includes one or more ski-like or runner members; and subclasses 7.1+ for a motor vehicle having a special driving device. Class 180 takes all wheel substitute vehicles, unless (1) a claim is drawn to a vehicle other than a motor vehicle, or (2) the claimed vehicle is identified as only a nonmotor vehicle in the specific disclosure, noting (1) and (2) do not apply to the special suction and surface effect vehicles.
305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, for wheel substitutes, per se. Class 305 takes patents claiming the combination of a wheel substitute and a vehicle, if the vehicle is only nominally recited in the claims. Expressions such as a vehicle frame, an axle, a pivotal connection between the vehicle frame and the wheel substitute are considered mere nominal recitations of vehicle structure and would be classified in Class 305 if the claim is otherwise directed to a wheel substitute apparatus.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicles provided with supporting-wheels to engage the surface over which the vehicle moves.
(1) Note. See search notes under the class definition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles which are convertible from wheeled vehicles to nonvehicular structures.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.2 for vehicles convertible into stair climbing devices.
6.15 for a general utility land vehicle including means, interposed between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running gear thereof, for altering height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.
9 for a land vehicle provided with ground engaging means of both wheel and runner construction wherein either the wheel or the runner may be moved to an inoperative position, leaving the other in position for use.
43 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle having vertically adjustable wheels for the purpose of altering a dimension of the vehicle or a part thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Vehicles convertible from wheeled vehicles to cradles or cribs where the structure accomplishing the result is a part of or attached to the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
5, Beds, subclass 107 for rocking frames or rockers adapted for attachment to the wheels of a child's carriage for this purpose.

This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Vehicles designed to be used as vehicles or to be inverted and used as roller-skids.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28.16 for a runner vehicle provided with auxiliary runner structure which may be provided for an inverted usage of the vehicle.
47.131 for article supports or dollies.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles comprising (1) a support means such as a seat, body rest or platform, for a person engaged in manual labor on or adjacent the ground, or (2) a shade for such a person combined with a load carrying means.
(1) Note. The person may drive or steer the vehicle in addition to laboring adjacent the ground, but merely driving, steering or riding on the vehicle is not within the subclass definition.
(2) Note. The vehicles in the subclass are usually for supporting or shading persons engaged in planting, cultivating, harvesting, corn detasseling or the like. If a tool is used it is one that is held in the hand.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32.7 for a wheeled vehicle comprising a seat for attachment to another vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, appropriate subclasses for harvesters combined with worker's supports or shades.
111, Planting, 100 for plant setting machines having ground working, plant handling or watering means with worker supports.
135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane, 88.01 for wheeled shades or canopies where neither the worker or any other load is supported by the vehicle, and subclass 900 for worker shelters.
172, Earth Working, 431 for an earth working apparatus with a seat or attendant's station.
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, subclass 129 for nonwheeled workmen's supports (e.g., kneeling base type) combined with receptacles (as for soap, brush, etc.), and subclass 230 for the workman's support, per se. See the search note in subclass 230 for the line with similar devices used by nonworkers.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, 63 for land vehicle bodies with seats where the body is modified to cooperate with the seat.
297, Chairs and Seats, 184.1 for a chair or seat with a canopy and subclasses 423.1+ for a chair or seat with a kneeling stool.
414, Material or Article Handling, subclass 508 for a self-loading or unloading vehicle having a conveyor for loading or unloading it and a support for carrying a person in working relation to the conveyor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 32.5. Vehicles comprising low bed-like trucks adapted to support a repairman while working under a device such as a vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
62 and 79.11, for platform type vehicles generally.
639 for folding vehicles generally, some of which are of the platform type.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
5, Beds, 636 for head rest attachments for beds and also for repairman's creepers when the body is claimed merely as a support for the rest; subclass 417 for ground mats.
254, Implements of Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, 2 for hoisting trucks.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Apparatus comprising a wheeled vehicle having a seat or station adapted to carry an operator or attendant and also adapted for attachment to another vehicle (e.g., an agricultural implement).
(1) Note. The wheeled vehicle must not carry any load other than the operator and must not support any of the weight of the implement when in operation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32.5 for a wheeled vehicle having a seat or station for a workman engaged in manual labor on or adjacent to the ground.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
172, Earth Working, subclass 433 for a significantly claimed agricultural implement having a riding attachment.

Nesting vehicles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles which are constructed so that they will interfit with one another to permit parts of one to be received partially within the boundaries of another to produce a nesting relation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
401 for an articulated vehicle wherein one section is movable from a trailing position to a completely supported position upon another section of the vehicle.
402 for a vehicle train wherein the trailing vehicle is suspended upon the leading vehicle.
639 for vehicles which are adapted to be folded and stacked in abutting relation without nesting.

Attachments or accessories:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33.991. Vehicles provided with attachments or accessories such as special handles, signs, load indicators, means to prevent theft, writing pads or calculator holders, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclass 308 for basket carried indicia.
224, Package and Article Carriers, subclass 411 for an article carrier attached to a shopping cart, where the organization of the shopping cart is not changed.

Children's seat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33.992. Vehicles having attachments in the form of occupant supports.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.35 for stable vehicles with plural load supports, one of which may be a seat.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
297, Chair and Seats, for seats, per se.

Brake or antitheft device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33.992. Vehicles having attachments which prevent theft of either the vehicle or its contents, or to hold the vehicle stationary.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, appropriate subclasses for caster locks.
70, Locks, appropriate subclasses for locks, per se.
188, Brakes, appropriate subclasses for brake structure, per se, and braked casters.

With means facilitating unloading:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33.991. Vehicles providing with perfecting features to facilitate the unloading or removal of a basket or otherwise assist in transferring purchased items to a checkout counter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
186, Merchandizing, 62 for car accommodation or handling, per se.

Pivoted load support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33.991. Vehicles provided with pivotally movable baskets or load supporting structures useful to facilitate nesting.
(1) Note. This subclass is not intended to receive mere pivoted walls.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.18 and 47.35, for other moveable load supports.

Load supporting frame:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33.991. Vehicles having particular base structure between the running gear and the load support.
(1) Note. Patents contained within this subclass are restricted to those claiming novel base structure.

Vertically nestable or confined:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33.991. Vehicles in which the nesting takes place in a vertical direction, or where vehicles are arranged within, and supported by a lower supporting vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
108, Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces, subclass 91 for vertically nesting horizontal supports.
206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass 499 for nesting containers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 638. Vehicles which are adapted to support special articles and usually propelled by pushing on the article itself.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43.1 for a vehicle which is unstable when in transporting position and has vertically adjustable ground engaging means and which is stabilized by an attendant or an article to which the vehicle is attached.
47.131 for article supports and dollies which are not extensible.

This subclass is indented under subclass 639. Vehicles which are foldable into the form of a traveling bag or case, the wheels and other parts being inclosed therein.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass 335 for a vehicle container.

This subclass is indented under subclass 639. Vehicles in which the wheel-carriers swing on pivots when folding and unfolding.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for retracting wheels and runners for vehicles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Vehicles in which the axis of each wheel-carrier pivot is arranged longitudinally of the vehicle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Vehicles normally traveling on two wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.24 and 63+, for other two wheeled vehicles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 639. Vehicles which in folding decrease their width, the wheels remaining in vertical position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 638. Vehicle comprising a running gear and wheel means, and means whereby the wheel means may be selectively held in different positions vertically relative to the running gear.
(1) Note. Running gear is defined as the structural assembly connecting a wheel to a vehicle body, chassis, or frame comprising an axle, control arm, link, shock absorber, spring, strut, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.5 for a vehicle including suspension modification enacted as a result of a force encountered during travel, especially subclass 5.514 where the modification provides a regulation of riding or suspension height.
5.28 for adjustable running gear adapted to render a vehicle capable of ascending a step or abutment.
6.15 for a vehicle including means, interposed between the vehicle body, chassis or frame and running gear thereof, for altering height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame, especially subclasses 6.157+ wherein the height or levelness regulation is for the proximate utility of positioning the vehicle body, chassis, or frame in a posture to enable proper operation of the suspension mechanism.
83 for vertically adjustable tongue trucks.
86.5 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including an auxiliary axle assembly which is selectively deployed in either a use or nonuse position so as to assist the primary running gear when in the use position.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, 354 for a vertically adjustable work contacting nozzle supporting carriage for vacuum cleaners.
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclass 19 for vertically adjustable casters used to support furniture or the like on a floor.
56, Harvesters, 208 for platform adjustments for harvesters
involving vertically adjustable wheels.
111, Planting, 52 for vertically adjustable ground supports for frames of drilling machines for planting operations.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 139 for unearthing apparatus having a frame and vertically adjustable wheels.
172, Earth Working, 395 for devices comprising an earth working element, a mounting frame therefor, and a vertically adjustable ground support for said frame. The earth working element must be separately mentioned in the body of the claim for classification in Class 172. A claim merely to a frame and relatively adjustable vertical wheels is classified in Class 280 even if the device is identified as an earth working implement in the claim preamble.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 24.02 for a motor vehicle having a wheel arrangement comprising five or more wheels and wherein one of the wheels is adjustably, or otherwise, mounted to move vertically for the purpose of modifying the proportion of the load imposed upon at least one other wheel of the vehicle; and subclass 209 for a motor vehicle having a special wheel base and provided with means which may comprise means for changing the number of wheels utilized to support the vehicle, which change may involve moving at least one of the wheels vertically.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, 2 for hoisting trucks. The devices comprise wheeled hoists comprising a running gear and a load support and means for vertically adjusting said load support other than a means for vertically adjusting said load support by vertical adjustment of the wheels relative to the running gear.
472, Amusement Devices, particularly subclass 15 for an occupant propelled roundabout used as a trainer for foot travel.
482, Exercise Devices, particularly 66 for an occupant support frame having a movement facilitating feature for foot travel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Vehicle which the vehicle directly or contacting (1) is inherently unstable when in transport position but is stabilized by an attendant who propels and balances the vehicle by contacting a handle or harness attached to the vehicle, (2) is inherently unstable when in transport position, is adapted to be temporarily attached to articles to transport them and is
stabilized by some outside force (such as an attendant or other vehicle) contacting the article, or (3) is inherently unstable when in transport position but adapted to be stabilized by temporary attachment to articles for transporting them either because more than one of the unstable vehicles of this subclass are temporarily attached to the article or because the article has other wheels.
(1) Note. An attendant is a person who is not an occupant of the vehicle under consideration.
(2) Note. A receptacle which is intended to be loaded or to have portions of the load removed therefrom while associated with the wheels of the unstable vehicle is considered to be a part of the vehicle, i.e., a removable vehicle body, rather than an article. An example, of such a receptacle is a golf bag.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
35 for extensible article supports.
43.14 and 43.24, for nonwheel means engageable with the ground when the wheels are raised vertically.
47.131 for tiltable vehicles not having vertically adjustable wheels.
63 and 78, for other vehicles normally traveling on two wheels and one wheel, respectively, and not stabilized by an article or attendant.
107 for running gear provided with means for retaining a vehicle body or load in position thereon.
179 for load binders as attachments to vehicles.
200 for occupant propelled vehicles stabilized by the occupant, e.g., bicycles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
190, Trunks and Hand-Carried Luggage, subclass 18 for the combination of an article of baggage with transporting wheels where more baggage structure is claimed than necessary to mount or house the wheels.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Vehicle comprising a load carrying surface and in which the highest position of vertical adjustment of the wheel relative to the vehicle is such that the wheel axis is above the carrying
surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for a vehicle having a portion of its body or load supporting framework depending between the vehicle axles to form a part of the running gear.
6.151 for a vehicle including means, interposed between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running gear thereof, for altering height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame for the proximate utility of facilitating cargo movement which may entail lowering the cargo support surface below the usual running gear level.
47.23 for a handle propelled vehicle having its load base below the wheel axis with no means to elevate the wheels.
414 for articulated vehicles constructed to accommodate a boat.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Vehicle comprising a load carrying surface and in which the highest position of vertical adjustment of the wheel relative to the vehicle is one in which the upper peripheral portion of the wheel is substantially tangential to and is always below the load carrying surface.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
108, Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces, 51.11 for an industrial platform.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Vehicle in which a plurality of wheels are independently mounted on different axles and there are additional means interconnecting the wheels whereby they may be moved simultaneously vertically with respect to the running gear or so that the movement of one influences movement of the other, and there is an actuator for moving a wheel.
(1) Note. A structure comprising a single axle having a crank axle on each end with a wheel mounted on each crank axle is not considered to be a structure having wheels independently mounted on different axles.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6.15 for a land vehicle including means, interposed between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running gear thereof, for altering height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
172, Earth Working, 400 for interconnected vertically movable ground supports for earth working element frames.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.13. Vehicle wherein the vertically adjustable wheels are replaced as a support for the vehicle running gear by leg or skid means when the wheels are vertically adjusted to a given position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43.1 for an unstable vehicle stabilized by an attendant or an article.
43.24 for vehicles having vertically adjustable wheels and nonwheel means for engaging the supporting surface when the wheels are adjusted to a given position.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, 32 for casters for supporting furniture or other like objects wherein the caster is vertically adjustable to a position above the floor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.14. Vehicle wherein the distance between any two vertically adjustable wheels is varied as they are vertically adjusted.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43.16 for wheeled vehicles having means for adjusting wheels on different axles and having means to vary the distance between the wheels as they are vertically adjusted.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.13. Vehicle wherein the distance between any two vertically adjustable wheels is varied as they are vertically adjusted.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43.15 for wheeled vehicles having means for adjusting wheels on different axles and having nonwheel means for engaging the vehicle supporting surface and means to vary the distance between the wheels as they are vertically adjusted.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Vehicle comprising actuating means to vertically move the wheel means relative to the running gear.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
414.5 for an articulated vehicle wherein the trailing vehicle has a ground engaging wheel which is vertically movable with respect to the trailing vehicle frame.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 215.1 for a railway truck having primary wheels and supplemental wheels to be moved to operative position at will.
172, Earth Working, subclass 399, 400+, 407+, 414, 418+, and 423+ for an earth working element frame having a ground support which is vertically movable relative to the frame by an actuator.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, 418 for raising and lowering landing gears on semi-trailers and for lifting vehicles off the ground and/or turning the vehicle about a given point.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.17. Vehicle comprising spring means to support a vehicle body on the running gear.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle provided with springs between the wheel or wheels and the load-support, noting the search notes provided therein.
124.1 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle running gear providing resilient, shock absorbing support for the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.
275 for a wheeled land vehicle of occupant propelled type including steering having a yielding frame and running gear (it is noted that in accordance with the (2) Note of Class 280, subclass 200, motorcycle frames and running gear without features causing classification in Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included in these subclasses).
283 for a wheeled land vehicle of occupant propelled type including a yielding frame and running gear lacking steering.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.17. Vehicle in which the actuating means includes a flexible member.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
172, Earth Working, subclass 414 for an earth working element frame connected ground support which is vertically adjustable relative to said frame by an actuator connected thereto which allows free movement between the two in at least one direction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.17. Vehicle wherein the means causing actuation comprises a threaded stud member whose threads engage the threads of a threaded nut member.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
172, Earth Working, subclass 419 for an earth working implement and frame having a ground engaging support which may be caused to translate vertically relative to the frame by means of a screw jack type actuator, and subclass 427 for a screw jack type actuator to move the ground engaging support of an earth working element frame vertically relative
to the frame.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.17. Vehicle wherein the actuating means comprises a rack member meshing with a gear or engageable by a ratchet member.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
172, Earth Working, subclass 420 for rack and pinion or ratchet type actuators for ground support members adapted to move with a translating motion relative to the earth working frame supported, and subclass 428 for rack and pinion or ratchet actuators to move a ground support for an earth working implement vertically relative to the implement frame.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.17. Vehicle in which the motion caused by the actuator is such that all points of the wheel means have at any instant the same velocity and direction of motion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
172, Earth Working, 415 for an earth working element frame having a ground support which has a translating motion relative to the frame when moving from one vertical position to another.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.17. Vehicle wherein the actuating means is operated by a motor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
172, Earth Working, 407 for an earth working element frame connected ground support which is vertically adjustable by power means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Vehicle wherein the vertically adjustable wheels are replaced as a support for the vehicle running gear by leg or skid means when the wheels are vertically adjusted to a given position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43.14 for vehicles having means interconnecting wheels on different axles whereby the interconnected wheels are vertically movable to a position where they are replaced as the vehicle supporting means by a nonwheel means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Vehicles in which the elevating mechanism is operated by manipulation of the vehicle-tongue.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Vehicles in which power derived from the rolling motion of a ground wheel as the vehicle is propelled over the ground is used to vary the elevation of the wheel relative to the body.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
172, Earth working, subclass 402, 404 and 408+ for earth working tools carried by frames which have wheels which are vertically adjusted by power derived from the adjusted wheels. The recitation of an earth working implement by name only having a wheel which is vertically adjusted by its own power is classifiable in Class 280, Land Vehicles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles in which the body, generally intended for occupation by a child, is connected to its wheel support in such a manner that body rocking will occur as the wheels rotate during travel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.38 for other vehicles of the "Baby Carriage" type.
827 for simulating type velocipedes providing body rocking during travel.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 269 for a wheeled figure toy having means to move a figure portion.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles adapted to be propelled (pushed or pulled) by an attendant who is not an occupant of the vehicle, generally by handle means, provided with steerable wheel means and operating mechanism therefor under control of the attendant to effect positive steering movement of the wheel means relative to the vehicle body, the controlling action by the attendant to actuate said mechanism involving either (1) exertion of a lateral thrust on the vehicle directly or by way of the handle means when guiding the vehicle to make a turn, or (2) manipulation of the handle or other means operatively connected to said wheel operating mechanism.
(1) Note. Vehicles which are propelled and steered by tongues or shafts connected to the running gear, not disclosed or claimed for hand propulsion, are placed in the subclass providing for the running gear structure involved.
(2) Note. Vehicles which are propelled and steered by tongue or shaft means connected to the running gear, even if disclosed for propulsion by a walking attendant, are not here classified if the portion of the running gear to which said means is connected comprises a wheel carrying frame or shaft pivotally connected to the said body, so that upon lateral swinging of the tongue or shaft means by the attendant the wheel frame or wheel shaft will merely swing as a unit with the tongue or shaft means about the pivotal connection, and will not effect relative steering movements of any additional wheel frame or shaft. In cases where the aforesaid wheel carrying frame or shaft is operatively coupled to any of the other wheel means of the running gear so as to cause the latter to have steering movement relative to the body as well, classification is in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79.11 for wheeled vehicles having separate unconnected castering wheels to facilitate steering in response to a side thrust.
87.01 for coaster vehicles having steering means.
98 for running gear of a general utility wheeled land vehicle specially constructed so as to enable execution of arcuate travel within a short radius of curvature (i.e., short turn).
124.12 for running gear of a general utility wheeled land vehicle including a resilient, shock absorbing mounted swinging axle having a draft connection neither disclosed or claimed as a handle nor claimed in a combination of plural interconnected vehicles (i.e., a vehicle train).
137.501 for running gear of a general utility wheeled land vehicle including a turnable axle having a draft connection, noting the search notes provided therein for additional relevant subclasses.
442 for vehicle train draft devices adapted to effect positive wheel steering.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclass 14.7 for a motor-driven harvester steered by a walking attendant.
172, Earth Working, 256 for an earth working apparatus comprising a propulsion unit guided by a walking attendant.
180, Motor Vehicles, 19 for motor vehicles steered by a walking attendant.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles provided with ground or ledge engaging rocker or fulcrum means additional to the fulcrum formed by the traction wheels on which the vehicle customarily travels about whose axis the load body may normally be tilted.
(1) Note. Generally, rocking about the added fulcrum results in the traction wheels being lifted from the ground to place the vehicle in a load receiving or removing position. Legs or other supports on which tiltable type vehicles are rested when not propelled are not considered fulcrums.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.32 for vehicles having fulcrums with wheel means to facilitate movement on steps or similar obstructions.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, subclass 129 for wheeled receptacle stands having special provisions for supporting and holding a receptacle in position for use, storage, display or for manipulating the same, in which wheels are provided to make it more readily movable.
414, Material or Article Handling, 444 for similar vehicles having self-loading features.

Tiltable vehicles, stabilized by attendant or article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles which (a) are inherently unstable when in transport position but are stabilized by an attendant who propels and balances the vehicle by contacting the vehicle directly or contacting a handle or harness attached to the vehicle, (b) are inherently unstable when in transport position, are adapted to be temporarily attached to articles to transport them and are stabilized by some outside force (such as an attendant or other vehicle) contacting the article, or (c) are inherently unstable when in transport position but adapted to be stabilized by temporary attachment to articles for transporting them either because the articles has other wheels or because more than one of the unstable vehicles of this subclass are temporarily attached to the article.
(1) Note. An attendant is a person who is not an occupant of the vehicle under consideration.
(2) Note. A receptacle which is intended to be loaded or to have portions of the load removed therefrom while associated with the wheels of the unstable vehicle is considered to be a part of the vehicle, i.e., a removable vehicle body, rather than an article. An example, of such a receptacle is a golf bag.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
35 for extensible article supports.
43.1 for a vehicle having vertically adjustable ground engaging means and which is unstable when in transporting position but which is stabilized by an attendant or an article to which the vehicle is temporarily attached.
63 and 78, for other vehicles normally traveling on two wheels and one wheel respectively and not stabilized by an article or attendant.
107 for running gear provided with means for retaining a vehicle body or load in position thereon.
200 for occupant propelled vehicles stabilized by the occupant, e.g. bicycles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.131. Vehicles which are constructed (1) for attachment to a vehicle axle and/or to the spring means suspending said axle whereby a damaged vehicle may be moved to a desired place, or (2) for temporary attachment to a machine comprising a shaft having ground working or other tools thereon whereby such machine may be wheeled from place to place.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
56, Harvesters, subclass 228 for transporting attachments for harvesters.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, 2 for hoisting trucks, and subclasses 418+ for continuously attached vehicle jacks.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.131. Vehicles which may be tiltably balanced by an attendant to either side of an intermediate wheel axis, and provided with wheel means adjacent each end spaced from the ground while the vehicle is being balanced which serve as stabilizing wheel means on which the carrier may rest or travel when the load body is tilted sufficiently to engage the wheel means at the one end or the other with the ground.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.2 for handle propelled vehicles with auxiliary wheel means to selectively provide a tiltable or stable type load body.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.131. Vehicles provided with handle means by which an attendant may apply a propelling force thereto.
(1) Note. Vehicles which are propelled by tongue or shaft means connected to running gear or body, if not disclosed or claimed for hand propulsion, are placed in the subclass providing for the running gear structure involved.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.34 for handle-propelled vehicles which are stable and not ordinarily balanced against tilting by the attendant during propulsion.
63 and 78, for tiltable load carriers, some having tongues or shafts connected to the running gear but not stabilized by an article or attendant.
124.12 for running gear of a general utility wheeled land vehicle including a resilient, shock absorbing mounted swinging axle having a draft connection not disclosed or claimed as a handle.
137.501 for running gear of a general utility wheeled land vehicle including a turnable axle having a draft connection, noting the search notes provided therein for additional relevant subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, 110.1 and see the Notes thereunder for vehicle handle structures, per se.
172, Earth Working, 329 for earth working apparatus guided or propelled by a walking attendant.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17. Vehicles in which parts thereof (1) are adapted to be manipulated to convert the same to or from a wheeled device other than one intended for transporting a load, e.g., the frame of a lawnmower, (2) in which the body comprises a plurality of different type load carrying portions each of which may be moved selectively to an operative transporting position, or (3) in which parts of the load body may be manipulated or detached to form load carrying bodies of different characters for transporting different types of loads.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.188 and 7.1+, for convertible velocipede type vehicles.
30 for vehicles convertible to nonvehicular structures.
47.28 for vehicles with selectively usable loading toes or racks.
638 for vehicles whose over-all dimensions may be varied substantially.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, 10 for convertible load bodies, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17. Vehicles provided with plural simultaneously usable distinct load supports which may take the form of plural platforms, receptacles, compartments or seats, or combinations thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.35 for similar plural load supports for stable handle-propelled vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
211, Supports: Racks, appropriate subclasses for portable rack type supports for plural articles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17. Vehicles provided with auxiliary wheel means so positioned or mounted as to be selectively brought into ground engagement to render the vehicle stable.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.32 for stair or other obstruction climbing vehicles having fulcrums with wheel means about which the vehicle may be tilted.
47.16 for vehicles tiltable to either side of an intermediate wheel axis to selectively bring into ground engagement auxiliary stabilizing wheel means at either end.
767 for other auxiliary wheels for vehicles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17. Vehicles in which the axle or axles about which the body is tiltable are shiftable or adjustable to vary the axle and wheel position relative to the body or to the center of gravity of its load, either to facilitate loading or transporting the load.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6.151 for a vehicle including means, interposed between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running gear thereof, for altering height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame for the proximate utility of facilitating cargo movement.
43 for wheels adjustable to vary the elevation of the load frame.
47.16 and 47.2, for vehicles with auxiliary wheels shiftable to and from a ground engaging position to provide alternate wheel bases.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.21. Vehicles in which relative shifting of the axle or axles occurs because of the presence of a spring.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
65 79 and 87.03, for similar springing between wheel or wheels and the load-support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17. Vehicles in which a portion or all of the load supporting base of the frame or vehicle body is either suspended from the axle means or otherwise disposed below the wheel axis, as for example by support in the bight of a "U-shaped" or "drop" axle. The load base or body portion must be positioned below a horizontal plane including the wheel axis at all times in normal use of the carrier, both when the carrier is at rest and in transporting position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for similar body and wheel axis relations in vehicles which are not article or attendant stabilized or handle propelled.
6.151 for a vehicle including means, interposed between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running gear thereof, for altering height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame for the proximate utility of facilitating cargo movement which may entail lowering the cargo support surface below the usual running gear level.
43.11 for a vehicle having a vertically adjustable wheel the axis of which may be moved to a position above the load carrying surface of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclass 25 for bodies with dropped bottoms.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17. Vehicles which have wheels spaced apart in a direction laterally of the direction of movement of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 for other vehicles normally traveling on two wheels and not stabilized by an article or attendant.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.24. Vehicles with a single seat for an occupant.
(1) Note. Most of the patents in this subclass comprise children's carts.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32.5 for vehicles supporting workers adjacent to the ground.
47.19 for tiltable vehicles with plural seats.
47.35 for stable hand propelled vehicles with plural seats.
47.38 for stable hand propelled vehicles with a single seat.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.24. Vehicles comprising a container which acts as a body for the vehicle.
(1) Note. The container of this subclass is intended to be loaded while associated with the wheels to form a vehicle.
(2) Note. A golf bag attached to a wheeled frame is considered to be a receptacle body type vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79.2 for platform type trucks with receptacle-type bodies.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, subclass 96 for supports adapted to be secured to and/or support a golf bag, and subclass 98 for bag supports having wheels.
298, Land Vehicles: Dumping, 2 and 5+ for this type vehicle provided with receptacle bodies movable relative to the vehicle frame to facilitate dumping or for vehicles provided with bodies having a gate or cover adapted to be actuated in connection with the dumping operation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.24. Vehicles having means usually referred to as a toe, extending from the lower part of the vehicle frame at an angle relative thereto to form a projecting load engaging or load stop part which is adapted, when the vehicle frame is tilted to a loading position, to engage or be brought closely to the surface on which the vehicle travels so as to enable said part to be pushed beneath a load to facilitate manual lifting and tilting of the load about the axis of the wheels.
(1) Note. Most of the patents in this and the indented subclasses comprise vehicles of the well known "Warehouse Truck" type.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
414, Material or Article Handling, 444 for similar devices
having additional load engaging means, as a clamp or tie, as distinguished from a mere load supporting toe in the form of a platform, spade or the like, for taking hold of the load to facilitate the picking up and transporting of the load

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.27. Vehicles which are provided with an auxiliary toe, shelf or rack means which is positioned adjacent to the main toe and movably related thereto.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.27. Vehicles in which the toe means is adjustable or otherwise movable relative to the frame on which it is mounted.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17. Vehicles which are disclosed as having only a single wheel or roller.
(1) Note. A plurality of single wheel vehicles secured to an article may be classified in this subclass, provided at least one vehicle has a propelling handle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.32 and 78, for other one wheeled vehicles of this class.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.3. Vehicles providing a receptacle body.
(1) Note. Most of the vehicles in this subclass are wheelbarrows.
(2) Note. A golf bag attached to a vehicle is considered a receptacle body.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.23 for vehicles of this type with a portion or all of the receptacle body below the level of the wheel axis at all times in the normal use of the vehicle.
47.26 for handle propelled receptacle body vehicles with laterally spaced wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
298, Land Vehicles: Dumping, subclass 3 for dumping vehicles having one wheel.

Adjustable handle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17. Vehicles where the handle may be moved selectively between different use positions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
655.1 for an extensible vehicle wherein only a handle member thereof is collapsible.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.131. Vehicles which are provided with only a single wheel or roller.
(1) Note. A plurality of the vehicles of this subclass may be used to transport an article.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for one wheel vehicles not stabilized by an article or attendant.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.131. Vehicles having leg structures for supporting them in rest position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
293 for attachments to an occupant propelled-type wheeled land vehicle (it is noted that in accordance with the (2) Note of Class 280, subclass 200, motorcycle frames and running gear, without features causing classification in Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included in these subclasses).
763.1 for attachments to a general utility wheeled land vehicle providing auxiliary ground support when the vehicle is in a rest condition.

Boat carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 47.131. Vehicles in the form of an attachment to a boat to facilitate its transportation over land.
(1) Note. Attachments with mere nominal recitation of boat structure, necessary only to associate the attachment to the boat should be classified here. If significant boat structure is claimed and necessary, as where the wheel will remain with the boat after launching, then proper classification is in Class 114.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
414.2 where the attached devices include means to form an articulated vehicle, such as by the inclusion of a trailer tongue.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
114, Ships, subclass 344 for wheeled attachment which remain with the boat and in which the attachment pierces or otherwise cooperates with specifically formed boat structure, and where the attachment includes flotation devices to facilitate handling in the water.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 101 for landing gear attached to seaplanes where significant plane structure is claimed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles which are stable when travelling and specially characterized as being provided with a handle means whereby the vehicle may be propelled by an attendant.
(1) Note. Vehicles with tongues or shafts not disclosed or claimed for hand propulsion are placed in the subclass providing for the running gear structure involved.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33.991 for interfitting or nesting vehicles which may or may not include a handle.
47.11 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including wheel steering by an attendant wherein the wheel steering affects other than a mere swinging axle.
47.17 for handle propelled unstable vehicles stabilized by an article or attendant.
124.12 for running gear of a general utility wheeled land vehicle including a resilient, shock absorbing mounted swinging axle having a draft connection neither disclosed or claimed as a handle nor claimed in a combination of plural interconnected vehicles (i.e., a vehicle train).
137.501 for running gear of a general utility wheeled land vehicle including a turnable axle having a draft connection, noting the search notes provided therein for additional relevant subclasses.
400 for an articulated vehicle or plural interconnected vehicles (i.e., vehicle train) which may or may not include a handle.
655.1 for an extensible vehicle wherein only a handle member thereof is collapsible.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, 110.1, and see the Notes thereunder for vehicle handles, per se.
172, Earth Working, 329 for earth working apparatus guided or propelled by a walking attendant.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.34. Vehicles provided with plural simultaneously usable distinct load supports which may be in the form of plural platforms, receptacles, compartments or seats, or combinations thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.19 for plural load supports on handle propelled vehicles stabilized by an article or attendant.
79.2 for plural load supports on vehicles having bracketed type or nonsuspended axles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
211, Supports: Racks, appropriate subclasses for portable rack type supports for plural articles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.34. Vehicles in which the handle is specially adapted to be shiftable to a position at either end.

Adjustable handle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 47.34. Vehicles where the handle may be moved selectively to different use positions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.36 for reversible handles on stable vehicles for use at either end of the vehicle.
47.315 for adjustable handles on tilting vehicles.
655.1 for handles folded out of the way so as to change the vehicle to a nonuse configuration.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclass 429 for adjustable handles, per se.
56, Harvesters, Digest 18 for adjustable handles in combination with a harvester device such as a lawn mower.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.34. Vehicles provided with means for seating occupants, the vehicles in this and the indented subclasses being usually of the "Baby Carriage" type.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32.5 for vehicles seating workers near the ground.
47.19 for tiltable vehicles with plural seats or a single seat and a load support.
47.25 for tiltable vehicles with a single seat.
47.35 for stable, handle propelled vehicles with plural seats or a single seat and a load support.
62 63+ and 79, for occupant carrying vehicles having running gear as specified in the respective subclasses in which either no handle is provided or tongues and shafts for other than hand propulsions are disclosed.
87.01 for coasters.
639 for extensible vehicles including baby carriages of the folding type.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 166 for a vehicle in the nature of a wheeled infant carriage or crib having motor means for moving it back and forth in the direction of its longitudinal axis (e.g., for inducing the infant to sleep); if used alternatively to transport the infant from one place to another, the vehicle ordinarily is propelled by an attendant.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, appropriate subclasses for vehicle bodies where no running gear is claimed or where the running gear is claimed by name only and where no propulsion handle is claimed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.38. Vehicles in which the body is mounted to be reversible end for end.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.38. Vehicles in which a back or foot rest or both are specially modified in connection with the seating means, and generally provide for relative adjustment whereby the occupant may be selectively
accommodated in either a lying or sitting position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31 for vehicles convertible to cribs or cradles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.38. Vehicles in which the body is supported by means, generally springs, either directly connected to the wheel axle means or connected to members attached thereto, whereby the body may have movement relative to the wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 and see the search notes thereunder, for vehicles with springs.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles normally traveling on three wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.34 for stable hand propelled vehicles which may be provided with three wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, 210 for a motor vehicle having a wheel arrangement comprising three wheels.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles normally traveling on two wheels.
(1) Note. "Sulkies" and "gigs" are included in this group.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40 and 47.131+, for other two wheeled vehicles.
43.1 for a vehicle having vertically adjustable ground engaging means and which is unstable when in transporting position but which is stabilized by an attendant or an article to which the vehicle is temporarily attached.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, 218 for a motor vehicle having a wheel arrangement comprising two wheels.

This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Vehicles in which the wheels are adjustable during the vehicle travel, usually to turn or to "bank" them on curves.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.52 for a land vehicle including a suspension responsive to a force encountered while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion for altering a spatial relationship between structural elements of the running gear which may or may not involve wheel banking.
98 for vehicles running gear especially constructed for short turning.
200 for an occupant propelled-type wheeled land vehicle which may or may not involve wheel banking (it is noted that in accordance with the (2) Note of Class 280, subclass 200, motorcycle frames and running gear, without features causing classification in Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included in these subclasses).
771 for occupant steered vehicles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Vehicles provided with springs between the wheels and the load-carrier.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 and see search notes thereto.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, appropriate subclasses, for vehicle
spring devices, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Vehicles in which the thills are connected to the axle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Vehicles in which the spring is interposed between the axle and thill.

This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Vehicles in which the vehicle load-carrier is supported solely by the thills.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for vehicles with thill mounted body but no interposed spring.

This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Vehicles in which the vehicle load-carrier is supported solely by the axle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for vehicles with axle mounted body but no interposed spring.

This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Vehicles in
which the vehicle load-carrier is supported solely by the thills.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
68 for similar vehicles having a spring interposed between the thill and axle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Vehicles provided with adjustments to accommodate various loads or draft-animals.

This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Vehicles in which the vehicle load-carrier is supported solely by the axle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 for similar vehicles having a spring interposed between the thill and axle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Vehicles provided with adjustments to accommodate various loads or draft-animals.

This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Vehicles provided with adjustments to accommodate various loads or draft-animals.

This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Vehicles in which the thills are attached to and the draft is exerted through the vehicle-body.

This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Vehicles provided with adjustments to accommodate various loads or draft-animals.

This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Vehicles provided with adjustments to accommodate various loads or draft-animals.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 73, 74, and 76, for other vehicle adjustments for various loads or draft animals.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
278, Land Vehicles: Animal Draft Appliances, subclass 1 for vehicles where the adjustment is solely in the thills or their attachment to the vehicle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles normally traveling on one wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43.1 for a vehicle having vertically adjustable ground engaging means and which is unstable when in transporting position but which is stabilized by an attendant or an article to which the vehicle is temporarily attached.
47.3 47.32 and 205+, for other one wheel vehicles.
84 for one wheel tongue trucks.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 13 for one wheel motor carrying attachments for vehicles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles provided with springs between the wheel or wheels and the load-support.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.14 for skates with resilient foot supports.
11.28 for skates with resilient trucks and mountings.
25 for sleds with springs.
47.22 for tiltable handle propelled vehicles with spring suspension.
47.41 for stable handle propelled occupant seating type with springs.
65 for two wheel vehicles having springs.
80.1 for particular wheeled land vehicle running gear construction. Attention is directed to subclass 86.1 for a swivel truck resiliently supported upon the vehicle; subclasses 124.1+ for resilient, shock absorbing suspension arrangements in general; subclasses 676+ for tandem axle suspensions; or subclasses 781+ for a wheeled land vehicle including specific frame construction and its running gear.
87.03 for yieldable occupant pushed coasters.
184 for spring clamp rein holders.
275 for a wheeled land vehicle of occupant propelled type including steering having a yielding frame and running gear (it is noted that in accordance with the (2) Note of Class 280, subclass 200, motorcycle frames and running gear, without features causing classification in Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included in these subclasses).
283 for a wheeled land vehicle of occupant propelled type including a yielding frame and running gear lacking steering.
483 for resilient draft devices for vehicle trains.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, appropriate subclasses, for vehicle spring devices, per se.

Body with bracketed-type or nonsuspended axles (e.g., platform type):
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles in which (a) each wheel axle is attached to a platform or other type body solely by means of a bracket type support, or in which (b) each axle or axle bearing is secured directly to the body itself, without the interposition of shock absorbers.
(1) Note. Vehicles having platform type bodies and generally known as "Baggage" trucks are found in this subclass.
(2) Note. Patents in this subclass must have some positive inclusion of specialized body structure so as to receive and transport a load as a vehicle. The primary function of the claimed device must be transporting as opposed to merely supporting.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32.6 for repairmen's creepers.
47.11 for an attendant steered wheeled land vehicle for other than a mere swinging axle.
47.34 for stable load supporting vehicles which are handle propelled.
47.131 for unstable bodies, which when supporting a load become stable.
62 63+ and 78, for similar vehicles restricted to the running gear respectively specified.
80.1 for particular wheeled land vehicle construction directed to that portion immediately concerned with enabling the wheeled land vehicle to move along the surface. Attention is directed to subclass 86.1 for a swivel truck resiliently supported upon the vehicle; subclasses 124.1+ for resilient, shock absorbing suspension arrangements in general; subclasses 676+ for tandem axle suspensions; or subclasses 781+ for a wheeled land vehicle including specific frame construction and its running gear.
87.01 for "coaster" vehicles with similar running gear attachments, most of which have tongues or shafts.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, 18 for casters, per se.
108, Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces, 51.11 for pallets.
211, Supports: Racks, 134 for shelved racks.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79.11. Vehicles in which the body is in the form of a container or for occupant seating.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.38 for handle propelled occupant seating vehicles, and see the search notes thereto.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79.11. Vehicles in which the body is of the open upright frame type, usually providing a load support in the form of brackets, racks, shelves or trays.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.19 and 47.35, for plural load support handle propelled vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
108, Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces, appropriate subclasses for a horizontal planar support having plural or single surfaces which may be provided with wheels or casters to render it incidentally movable.
211, Supports: Racks, appropriate subclasses for open or rack type structures per se, which may have wheels to render them incidentally movable.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, 3 for rack type vehicle bodies for special loads.

Wheel or tire support body:
This subclass is indented under subclass 79.11. Vehicles with attachments or particular body structure configured to support the tire or wheel of another vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
402 for a vehicle train wherein a trailing vehicle is supported upon the leading vehicle including structure configured to support the tire or wheel of the supported, trailing vehicle.
476.1 for a wheeled draft connection interconnecting plural wheeled land vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, subclass 28 for wheel lifters.
414, Material or Article Handling, 426 for wheel handlers which include some manipulation of the wheel in addition to mere transport.

Bucket or can support body:
This subclass is indented under subclass 79.11. Vehicles which include attachments or specifically shaped body structure for carrying cylindrical objects with their axis extending vertically.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, 95 for can supports and bag holders.

Cylindrical objects with elongated horizontal axis support body:
This subclass is indented under subclass 79.11. Vehicles which include attachments or specifically shaped body structure for receiving cylindrical objects with their axis horizontally.
(1) Note. This subclass includes wheeled cradles for rugs and other roll goods.

Vertically elongated rectangular object support body:
This subclass is indented under subclass 79.11. Vehicles which include attachments or specifically shaped body structure for receiving panels and other sheet goods, or other rectangular objects of little thickness, on their sides.

Running gear:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles with special reference to that portion of the vehicle which is immediately concerned in enabling it to be moved along the surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
93.512 for a kingpin, steering knuckle, steering arm, or wheel carrier construction for an occupant controlled steerable road wheel comprising a stub axle.
124.1 for resilient, shock absorbing suspension arrangements in general.
274 for a wheeled land vehicle of occupant propelled type including steering having a frame and running gear (it is noted that in accordance with the (2) Note of Class 280, subclass 200, motorcycle frames and running gear, without features causing classification in Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included in these subclasses).
281.1 for a wheeled land vehicle of occupant propelled type including a frame and running gear lacking steering.
419 for a vehicle train wherein each of the interconnected vehicles includes steerable wheels and a steering means connection is provided therebetween for simultaneous movement of the relative steerable wheels.
426 for an articulated vehicle of semitrailer construction wherein the trailer includes steerable wheels which are controlled through the articulative movement between the tractor and the semitrailer.
442 for a vehicle train including steerable wheels of other than a mere swinging axle.
676 for tandem axle suspensions.
781 for a wheeled land vehicle including specific frame
construction and its running gear.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, 1 for resilient wheels.
172, Earth Working, 669 and the subclasses there cited, for earth working apparatus with a wheel frame.
180, Motor Vehicles, 21 for motor vehicles with special wheel base.
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, for wheeled and nonwheeled implement frames.
305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, for wheel substitutes.

Multiple truck:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Vehicles having running gear composed of a plurality of sets of supporting wheels, the wheels of each set being so mounted as to constitute a substantially complete running gear unit.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, 22 for motor vehicles which have wheel bases comprising five or more wheels.

This subclass is indented under subclass 81.1. Vehicles provided with means for steering the vehicle by the occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
771 for occupant steered vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, 400 for motor vehicle steering devices.

Self-steered trucks:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81.1. Vehicles in which the steering occurs in response to a deviation of the body from movement in a straight line to permit the trucks to turn for proper tracking.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
442 for devices wherein the steering is due to an articulative linkage.

This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Devices specially adapted to support and guide the tongue of a vehicle.
(1) Note. These trucks are usually used for the tongue of such agricultural machinery as harvesters to eliminate "side draft."

This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Devices which are adjustable to vary the height of the tongue.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43 and see the notes thereto.

This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Devices normally traveling on one wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 and see the notes thereto.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, 18 for casters.
384, Bearings, 428 for bearing mounting, or supports.

This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Devices in which the axle is mounted for pivotal swinging movement about a vertical axis and rocking movement about a horizontal axis normal to its length.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.114 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle having a pivotally mounted axle or axle assembly having horizontal rocking and vertical swinging motion.

This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Vehicle in which a wheel or plural wheels are rotatably mounted upon an axle supported at both ends by a bracket or framing which is attached to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame about a vertical pivot axis for free pivotal motion.
(1) Note. An apparatus including means for creating pivotal motion for steering purposes is excluded from this subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
81.1 for running gear comprising multiple trucks.
82 for a swivel truck specifically provided to support and guide a draft connection or tongue of a vehicle.
93.504 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including occupant controlled steering of a swinging axle.
124.117 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including a vertical pivot axis mounted axle or axle assembly having resilient, shock absorbing means.
137.5 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including a turnable axle lacking resilient, shock absorbing means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, 18 for casters.

Including resilient mounting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein the swivel truck is resiliently supported to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 for a vehicle including a spring interposed between the wheel or wheels and the load-support, noting the search notes provided thereunder for other relevant subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclass 44 for spring supported casters.

Auxiliary axle assembly (e.g., lift or tag axle):
This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Subject matter wherein the vehicle includes a selectively employed supplemental running gear unit to assist primary running gear units when transporting an extra heavy or oversize load.
(1) Note. The supplemental running gear unit must be movable between a use and nonuse position upon the vehicle, not merely an additional running gear unit such as commonly known tandem axles or wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6.157 for a vehicle suspension provided with means for establishing riding or trim height which may or may not involve the deployment of an auxiliary axle.
9 for a vehicle having both a wheel and runner provided with means for moving either the wheel or runner to an inoperative position.
28.16 for a runner equipped vehicle provided with an auxiliary runner structure.
104 for a vehicle provided with means for transmitting weight from the running gear to the wheels on different axles in substantially equal proportion regardless of inequalities of the travelled surface. Conventionally known tandem axle and wheel arrangements are included in these subclasses.
149.2 for a vehicle having longitudinally shiftable running gear.
405.1 for an articulated vehicle or vehicle train including means for selectively adjusting the proportion or the longitudinal placement of load application between the vehicle sections or the interconnected vehicles.
638 for a vehicle constructed in such manner so as to allow the physical dimension of the vehicle, or a part thereof, to vary or change, especially subclasses 43+ for vertically adjustable wheels.
767 for a vehicle provided with an auxiliary or substitute wheel for assuming the weight of the vehicle when either the tires, wheels, or axles thereof are disabled for any reason.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 24.02 for a vehicle of that class (Class 180) having five or more wheels and provided with movable running gear for shifting or proportioning load; or subclass 209 for a vehicle having a special wheel base as defined in Class 180, subclass 21, which further includes means for changing the number or position of supporting wheels.

Alignment adjustment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Subject matter wherein the vehicle running gear includes means enabling static alteration of a spatial relationship of the running gear upon the vehicle.
(1) Note. Included herein are means enabling alteration of the spatial relationship of either an axle or a wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.52 for alteration of running gear geometry which is caused to occur in response to a force encountered while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 203 for a wheel alignment gauge, subclasses 335+ for a vehicle running gear inclination gauge, or subclass 608 for a frame alignment gauge.

Camber or caster:
This subclass is indented under subclass 86.75. Subject
matter wherein the spatial alteration comprises an inclination or tilt of (a) a wheel relative to the ground surface as measured in degrees from true vertical (i.e., camber) or (b) a steering axis relative to the center line of the wheel as measured in degrees from true vertical (i.e., caster).
(1) Note. Camber is the tilting inward (negative camber) or outward (positive camber) of the top of the wheel as viewed from the front of the vehicle.
(2) Note. Caster is the tilting forward (negative caster) or backward (positive caster) of a line extending through upper and lower ball joints or a kingpin as viewed from the side of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.521 for a suspension wherein camber or caster adjustment is caused to occur in response to a force encountered while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion.

Vertical strut to tower:
This subclass is indented under subclass 86.751. Subject matter wherein the camber or caster alteration is achieved through an adjustable attachment at the vehicle body, chassis, or frame of an upper end of an erect member extending between the wheel or wheel carrier and the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, 217 for upper strut mount constructions of that class (Class 267), especially subclass 220 for elastomeric coupling means.

Shim (e.g., cam):
This subclass is indented under subclass 86.751. Subject matter wherein the camber or caster alteration is achieved through an interposed, replaceable, or shiftable wedge element of the running gear.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
384, Bearings, subclass 626 for a bearing shim, per se.

Eccentric coupling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 86.751. Subject matter wherein the camber or caster alteration is achieved through an asymmetric union within the running gear.
(1) Note. Only true asymmetric unions will be found in this and the indented subclasses. An asymmetric union achieved or assisted through the use of an interposed, replaceable, or shiftable wedge element is not proper for this and the indented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86.753 for camber or caster alteration which is achieved or assisted through the use of an interposed, replaceable, or shiftable wedge element.

Including tool means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 86.754. Subject matter wherein an applied instrument is employed to influence the alteration of the asymmetric union.

Ball joint or bushing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 86.754. Subject matter wherein a spherical coupling member (i.e., ball joint) or a resilient coupling member (i.e., bushing) is employed in the asymmetric union.

Adjustable control rod:
This subclass is indented under subclass 86.751. Subject matter comprising an alterable elongate link or member between the wheel or wheel carrier and the vehicle body, chassis, or frame to achieve camber or caster adjustment.
(1) Note. The alteration of the elongate link or member may be an extension or a repositioning of the link or member to achieve the camber or caster adjustment.

Steerable wheel toe:
This subclass is indented under subclass 86.75. Subject matter comprising an adjustment in a difference in distance between extreme front and rear edges of laterally opposed, pivotally navigatable wheels relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
(1) Note. "Toe-in" results when the distance difference for the extreme front edges is smaller than for the extreme rear edges. "Toe-out" results when the distance difference for the extreme front edges is greater than for the extreme rear edges.
(2) Note. Toe adjustment for a nonsteerable wheel is not included within this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.522 for a suspension wherein toe adjustment is caused to occur in response to a force encountered while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion.
86.75 for toe adjustment for a nonsteerable wheel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles comprising small vehicles for children's use, intended as wheeled coasters. Includes patents showing the type of vehicle known as "scooter-wagons".

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for coaster sleds.
7.1 and 827, for simulations of this type and such vehicles convertible to other types.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
297, Chairs and Seats, 5 for a wheeled skater support or walker pushed ahead of the walker or skater and provided with a seat used by the occupant for resting between periods of walking or skating.
482, Exercise Devices, 51 for an exercise device involving user translation or a physical simulation thereof, particularly subclasses 66+ for an occupant support frame
having a movement facilitating feature for foot travel.

Occupant-pushed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 87.01. Vehicles which are specially designed to be pushed along by contact of the occupant's hands or feet with the surface over which the vehicle travels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23.1 for push type sleds.
32.6 for repairman's creepers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 87.021. Vehicles in which the vehicle is made to yield under the weight of the occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 and see the search notes thereto.

Standing occupant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 87.021. Vehicles which are designed to be pushed along by a standing occupant (i.e., scooters).

Steered by tiltable platform (e.g., skateboard):
This subclass is indented under subclass 87.041. Vehicles where steering is achieved by inclining the occupant supporting platform.
(1) Note. These devices may be scooters with a post, but without rotation of the wheels by manipulation of the post. More typically vehicles in this subclass are skateboards.

Rear steering platform on coaster wagon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 87.041. Vehicles where wheel steering is accomplished by manual manipulation of a steering device accessible to a standing occupant at the trailing end of the vehicle.
(1) Note. The rear steering station may be in addition to a front steering device manipulated by a first, usually sitting, occupant.

This subclass is indented under subclass 87.021. Vehicles which are extensible or knockdown.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
278 287, and 638+, for other extensible or knockdown vehicles.

Baby walker:
This subclass is indented under subclass 87.021. Vehicles for supporting an infant or toddler who propels the vehicle.
(1) Note. The vehicle has no steering mechanism but is merely pushed in a desired direction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
87.03 for a baby walker with a spring suspension enabling bouncing.
827 for simulations.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
297, Chairs and Seats, appropriate subclasses for specific seats, per se.
472, Amusement Devices, particularly subclass 15 for an occupant propelled roundabout used as a trainer for foot travel.
482, Exercise Devices, particularly 66 for an occupant support frame having a movement facilitating feature for foot travel.
D12, Transportation, subclass 130 for baby walker designs.

This subclass is indented under subclass 771. Devices operated by the foot of the occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
265 for foot steered occupant propelled vehicles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 771. Devices in which the steering gear controls a wheel which is offset from the main running gear of the vehicle and which does not support any appreciable weight of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
442 for articulated vehicles with wheel steering by articulative movement.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
104, Railways, subclass 244.1 for vehicles with furrow followers which may be connected to the steering gear of a vehicle and which are usually outrigged from the vehicle. In the devices classified in Class 104 the follower (usually a wheel) running in the furrow guides the vehicle, and to do this may be connected to the steering gear of the vehicle, with the result that the steering gear of the vehicle may control the wheel running in the furrow. In these devices the steering gear has a branch running to the main steered wheels of the vehicle and a branch running to the furrow following wheel so that this wheel and the main vehicle wheel are steered together. In the type of device classifiable in Class 280 the steering gear runs to the outrigged wheel (which may be a furrow following wheel) to control that wheel which by its turning movement caused the main vehicle wheels to follow without any interconnection with the steering gear.
172, Earth Working, subclass 26 for an earth working device guided by a wheel running in a furrow, and subclasses 278+
for an earth working device with wheel steering means.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 401 for a motor vehicle provided with steering gear which includes a land based steering datum and means on the vehicle for sensing the datum, which means cooperates with a steering motor on the vehicle for the purpose of controlling the course of the vehicle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 771. Vehicles in which the steering-gear is associated with brake mechanism.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
264 for occupant propelled vehicles having similar steering and braking means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 771. Vehicle including means for inhibiting or prohibiting unintended variant operation due to road surface irregularity.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 for tongue antivibrators.
268 for an occupant propelled-type wheeled land vehicle including means for holding or returning two steered wheels to a centered or straight line travel orientation (it is noted that in accordance with the (2) Note of Class 280, subclass 200, motorcycle frames and running gear, without features causing classification in Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included in these subclasses).
271 for an occupant propelled-type wheeled land vehicle including means for holding or returning a single steered wheel to a centered or straight line travel orientation.

Stub axle supported wheels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter including mechanism inhibiting or prohibiting unintended
variant operation of laterally opposed steerable road wheels mounted upon a limited length shaft (i.e., stub axle) due to road surface irregularities encountered during travel.
(1) Note. Included herein are shimmy or wobble inhibiting or prohibiting mechanisms.

Center or neutral angulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89.1. Subject matter wherein the steerable road wheels are (a) restrained in or (b) returned to a straight-line travel position.
(1) Note. Patents properly classified herein require sufficient resistive or restorative force to preclude unintended variant excursion of the steerable road wheels from straight-line travel position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
268 for an occupant-propelled-type wheeled land vehicle including means for holding or returning two steered wheels to a centered or straight line travel orientation. Further, in accordance with the (2) Note of Class 280, subclass 200, motorcycle frames and running gear, without features causing classification in Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included in theses subclasses.

Linkage member or attachment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89.1. Subject matter wherein the inhibiting or prohibiting mechanism is (a) included within or (b) connected to a mechanical link element interconnecting a steering knuckle of a steerable road wheel to a drag link, an idler arm, a pitman arm, or a steering knuckle of a laterally opposed steerable road wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
89.1 for inhibiting or prohibiting mechanism interconnecting a steering knuckle of a steerable road wheel to stationary vehicle structure or other movable vehicle structure neither performing nor providing a steering feature.
89.11 for inhibiting or prohibiting mechanism intended to restrain or return the steerable road wheels to center or neutral angulation which may or may not involve a mechanical link element or attachment.

Fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89.12. Subject matter comprising either a gaseous or liquid flowable medium providing the resistive force.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90 for a fluid check device not included within or connected to a mechanical link element within a stub axle supported occupant controlled steering gear arrangement.

This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Devices in which the checking means comprises a fluid mechanism.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Brakes, 266 for a fluid-resistance brake or dashpot of general utility.

Four-wheel controlled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 771. Subject matter wherein the steering means controls four supporting wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
99 for four-wheel controlled short turning vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, 234 for a motor vehicle having four wheels driven and provided with means for steering all of the driven wheels, and subclasses 409+ for a motor vehicle wherein all of the power for steering the wheels is provided by the occupant.

This subclass is indented under subclass 771. Vehicles in which the steering gear controls but one supporting wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
270 for occupant propelled vehicles controlled by one wheel.

Monitoring or indicating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 771. Subject matter including means for registering or signaling operation or a position of the steering means or the steerable road wheels.

Neutral position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 93.5. Subject matter wherein the monitoring or indicating means registers or signals normal straight-line travel of the vehicle.

Linkage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 771. Subject matter wherein the running gear provided with steering means operable by the occupant of the vehicle includes mechanical interconnecting elements for translating motion of a steering control manipulated by the occupant of the vehicle into pivoting movement of steerable road wheels for executing arcuate travel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.11 for a vehicle steered by an attendant located external to the vehicle rather than an occupant of the vehicle for other than a mere swinging axle.
47.34 for a stable, handle-propelled vehicle which may or may not include steering means.
81.5 for a vehicle having multiple trucks including one which is occupant steered.
86.75 for wheeled vehicle running gear provided with means enabling static adjustment of a spatial relationship of an axle or wheel upon the vehicle.
87.01 for a coaster vehicle which may or may not include steering means.
87.1 for an occupant steered vehicle having steering means operable by the foot of an occupant.
89 for checked steering means within an occupant steered vehicle.
91.1 for an occupant steered vehicle wherein four supporting wheels are each steered.
92 for an occupant steered vehicle wherein a single wheel is controlled.
98 for a vehicle having running gear specially constructed to provide a small turning radius.
124.1 for a suspension arrangement for resiliently, shock absorbingly supporting a vehicle body, chassis, or frame upon an axle or wheel, which axle or wheel may or may not be steerable. The superiority given to placement of the suspension arrangement subclasses prior to the occupant steered subclasses is due to the fact that the suspension arrangement provides for attaching and controlling movement of the axle or wheel relative to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame whereas the occupant steered feature is limited to pivotal motion about a single axis.
137.5 for a vehicle having an articulated axle (i.e., swinging axle) lacking resilient, shock absorbing support that is controlled by a shaft or tongue which is neither disclosed or claimed as being a handle nor claimed in a combination defining an articulated vehicle train.
263 for an occupant-propelled-type vehicle including steering means, noting the search notes appearing therein for additional relevant subclasses. Further, in accordance with the (2) Note of Class 280, subclass 200, motorcycle frames and running gear, without features causing classification in Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included in these subclasses.
419 for articulated vehicles including interconnected steering of plural vehicles.
426 for an articulated semitrailer vehicle including steering by articulative movement therebetween.
442 for articulated vehicles, not of semitrailer construction, including steering by articulative movement therebetween.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, 79 for a land vehicle either (a) proper for that class (Class 180) including guiding or steering
means or (b) having power assisted guiding or steering means. Note also the search notes appearing therein for additional relevant subclasses. Class 180 is superior to Class 280 in the class hierarchy.

Auxiliary or redundant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 93.502. Subject matter comprising alternate or repetitive means for creating pivoting movement of the steerable road wheels for executing arcuate travel of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
774 for an occupant controlled steering arrangement including plural spaced operator's positions.

Swinging axle or half-axle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 93.502. Subject matter wherein the mechanical interconnecting elements are provided to pivot an axle or axle assembly mounted about a vertical pivot axis to execute arcuate travel of the vehicle.
(1) Note. Excluded from this subclass and the indented subclass are plural, laterally disposed, steered swivel trucks, which have been deemed analogous to stub axle structure and thus the control linkage therefore equivalent.
(2) Note. An axle or half axle within this subclass and the indented subclass provides the rotational axis for the wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.117 for a vehicle having a vertical pivot axis mounted axle or axle assembly including resilient, shock absorbing interconnection to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame, which may or may not include occupant controlled steering means.
137.5 for a vehicle having a vertical pivot axis mounted axle or axle assembly lacking a resilient, shock absorbing interconnection to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame, which vertical pivot axis mounted axle or axle assembly enables steering through horizontal swinging by other than an occupant controlled steering means of the vehicle.

Narrow track (e.g., tricycle-type tractor):
This subclass is indented under subclass 93.504. Subject matter wherein the steerable road wheels attached to the axle or axle assembly are disposed in close proximity to the vertical pivot axis.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
92 for a vehicle having occupant controlled steering of a single wheel.

Differential steering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 93.502. Subject matter wherein the mechanical interconnecting elements cause unequal angular pivoting of laterally opposed steerable road wheels.
(1) Note. This is also known as "Ackerman steering".
(2) Note. The unequal angular pivoting must be claimed for proper classification in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle running gear specially constructed for enabling arcuate travel within a reduced radius of curvature (i.e., short turn) including stub axles which may or may not involve differential steering. Typically, a draft or tongue attachment for pivoting the steerable road wheels is included.

Idler arm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 93.502. Subject matter comprising an intermediary link member pivotally attached to both (a) the vehicle body, chassis, or frame; and (b) the mechanical interconnecting elements.

Articulated joint structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 93.507. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a pivotal union of the idler arm to either (a) the vehicle body, chassis, or frame; or (b) the mechanical interconnecting elements.

Motion modifier (e.g., lash, play):
Subject matter under subclass 93.508 including means for modifying the pivotal union.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
384, Bearings, subclass 626 for a bearing shim, per se.
403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for pivotal unions of general utility.

Link member details (e.g., configuration, construction):
This subclass is indented under subclass 93.502. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to linkage interconnecting a steering knuckle of a steerable road wheel to (a) a drag link, (b) an idler arm, (c) a pitman arm, or (4) a laterally opposed steering knuckle.
(1) Note. For this subclass, the inclusion of an idler arm is by nominal recitation only whereby the idler arm is merely referenced as a connection point for a connecting rod (i.e., tie rod). More than a nominal recitation of the idler arm in combination with a connecting rod configuration or construction is provided for earlier in the class schedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.52 for an active suspension including means for governing a geometric or spatial relationship in response to a force encountered while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion which may or may not involve a connection rod.
86.75 for a wheeled vehicle running gear provided with means enabling static adjustment of a spatial relationship upon the vehicle which may or may not involve a connection rod.
89.11 for an occupant steered wheeled vehicle running gear including means inhibiting or prohibiting unintended variant pivotal operation of laterally opposed steerable road wheels.
93.507 for a steering linkage combination requiring an idler
arm.

Terminal attachment detail (e.g., ball joint):
This subclass is indented under subclass 93.51. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to an end attachment of the link member.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
184, Lubrication, 6 for lubrication systems of general utility, especially subclass 6.19 for lubrication of linkage mechanisms.
384, Bearings, appropriate subclasses for bearings of general utility.
403, Joints and Connections, 52 for unions of general utility, especially subclasses 122+ for ball and socket pivotal unions.

Kingpin, steering knuckle, steering arm, or wheel carrier construction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 93.502. Subject matter comprising an assemblage or fabrication providing a pivotal bearing support for the steerable road wheel.

Gearing arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 93.502. Subject matter comprising an intermeshing drive mechanism for manipulating the direction or extent of translation motion required to generate the desired pivoting movement of the steerable road wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
93.502 for drive means of other than intermeshing relation, such as cables, chains, or ropes, etc.

Rack and pinion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 93.513. Subject matter wherein the gearing arrangement includes a rotating cog drive gear (i.e., pinion gear) and a reciprocating toothed driven gear of determinate length (i.e., rack gear).

Housing attachment detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 93.514. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a mounting of a protective enclosure for the rack and pinion gearing arrangement.

This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Vehicle running gear specially constructed to make a short turn.
(1) Note. Merely a swing-axle on a single pivot directly controlled by shafts or tongue is not included.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.11 for an attendant steered wheeled land vehicle including plural interconnected controllable steerable wheel sets. See the (2) Note within subclass 47.11 definition.
82 for vehicle tongue trucks.
93.504 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including occupant controlled steering of a swinging axle.
93.506 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including occupant controlled steering wherein laterally opposed steerable road wheels are turned at different angles to effect arcuate travel about a common turning axis.
124.117 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including a vertical pivot axis mounted axle or axle assembly having resilient, shock absorbing means.
137.5 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including a turnable axle lacking resilient, shock absorbing means.
400 for articulated vehicles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Vehicles in which four supporting-wheels are controlled to turn the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 for four wheel controlled occupant steered vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, 234 for a motor vehicle having four driven wheels and means for steering all of the driven wheels.

This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Vehicles in which two axles carrying the four supporting-wheels swing in opposite directions when turning the vehicle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Vehicles having a pair of members, one connected to swing with each axle, pivotally and slidably connected together.

This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Vehicles having a pair of members crossing each other and connecting opposite ends of the two axles together.

This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Vehicles in which each controlled supporting-wheel has its individual axle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.11 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including wheel steering by an attendant wherein the wheel steering affects other than a mere swinging axle.
91.1 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including occupant controlled steering of four stub axle mounted wheels.
93.502 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including occupant control of steerable road wheels.
137.5 for a general utility wheel land vehicle including a turnable axle (i.e., fifth wheel or swinging axle).
443 for articulated vehicles having wheels mounted on stub axles and controlled by articulative movement between the vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, 408 for a motor vehicle provided with means for steering each wheel of the motor vehicle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Vehicles provided with means for transmitting weight from the running-gear to the wheels on different axles in substantially equal proportions regardless of inequalities of the level of the travelled surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle provided with springs between the wheel or wheels and the load-support, noting the search notes provided therein.
124.1 for particular running gear construction of a general utility wheeled land vehicle including a resilient, shock absorbing suspension arrangement.
781 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including specific frame construction.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, 183 for parallel depression type springs.

This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Vehicles in which the running gear is modified for roller-bearings to carry the frame on the supporting-wheels or rotating axles. The presence of mere roller or ball bearing wheels does not bring a patent into this subclass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Vehicles provided with means for retaining a vehicle body or load in position on the running-gear.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
35 and 47.131+, for article supporting vehicles.
43.1 for a vehicle having vertically adjustable ground engaging means and which is unstable when in transporting position but which is stabilized by an attendant or an article to which the vehicle is temporarily attached.
143 for bolsters and standards for vehicle running gear.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 199.1 and 200+ for body and bolster connections for railway cars; subclass 236 for tender tanks; subclasses 335+ for freight cars; or subclass 453 for railway car body suspension and springs.
180, Motor Vehicles, 89.1 for body structure of a general utility self-propelled land vehicle including a feature as specified in Class 180 definition.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, 35.1 for body securing devices or subclass 42 for stay irons for vehicle bodies.

This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Vehicle running gear having means for locking or tending to hold the vehicle tongue or shafts from lateral swing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
89 for steering gear checks.

Suspension arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Subject matter wherein the vehicle running gear comprises means intermediate a vehicle body, chassis, or frame and either an axle or a wheel for providing resilient, shock absorbing support (i.e., suspension) for the vehicle body, chassis, or frame upon the axle or wheel.
(1) Note. The intermediate means are inclusive of axles, half axles, control arms, linkages, shock absorbers, springs, struts, etc.
(2) Note. These subclasses provide for the mechanical hardware or structural assembly of various suspension systems not elsewhere provided. A suspension arrangement including a regulatable elastic means responsive to a force encountered while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion is provided for earlier in the class schedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for a vehicle having a portion of the body or load supporting framework depending between axles forming a portion of the running gear connections.
5.5 for a suspension arrangement responsive to a force encountered while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion.
6.15 for a suspension arrangement used to alter the relative height or level of the vehicle.
62 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle normally travelling on three wheels.
63 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle normally travelling on two wheels.
81.1 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including multiple truck running gear.
82 for a draft or tongue truck.
86.1 for a resilient mounting of a swivel truck (i.e., caster wheel).
86.5 for a suspension construction of an auxiliary axle assembly.
104 for an equalized vehicle frame including suspension means, especially for a tandem wheel arrangement.
200 for running gear of an occupant propelled vehicle; especially subclasses 274+ or 281.1+. Additionally, in accordance with the (2) Note of subclass 200, motorcycle frames and running gear, without features causing classification in Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included in these subclasses.
400 for running gear of an articulated vehicle or plural interconnected vehicles (i.e., vehicle train).
638 for an extensible vehicle wherein means are provided for changing a dimension of the vehicle or a part thereof, especially subclasses 43+ for vertically adjustable wheels.
781 for a specific vehicle frame construction, especially subclass 788 wherein the specific vehicle frame construction is combined with resilient suspension means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for motor vehicles of that class (Class 180), particularly 6.2 for a motor vehicle including means whereby the vehicle is steered through a cooperative driving arrangement or control between laterally disposed ground engaging means; subclasses 9.1+ for a motor vehicle including endless track ground engaging means; subclasses 21+ for a motor vehicle including a special wheel base as defined within the definition of Class 180, subclass 21; subclasses 89.1+ for attaching bodies of motor vehicles to the running gear thereof; subclasses 233+ for a motor vehicle including four driven wheels; subclasses 252+ for a motor vehicle including at least one wheel which is both driven and steerable; or subclasses 337+ for a motor vehicle including a transmission mechanism.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, appropriate subclasses for vehicle body construction in general, especially 35.1 for devices securing the vehicle body to the running chassis frame including nominal recitation of running gear.

Including preparatory elasticity parameter selection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1. Subject matter wherein the suspension includes means for selectively establishing a mode of operation.
(1) Note. Means appropriate for this subclass include means responsive to operation of a car door, actuation or insertion of an ignition switch key, parking brake engagement or release, closure or opening of a trunk lid, etc.
(2) Note. A suspension arrangement including control means which establish riding or trim height wherein the suspension arrangement is adjusted to an appropriate location for proper running gear operation is not proper for this subclass but is provided for earlier in the class schedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.5 for an active suspension responsive to a force encountered while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion, especially subclasses 5.501+ for control means providing fail-safe override upon detection of a perceived abnormal handling or ride posture characteristic based upon the superiority given to the avoidance of a potentially life threatening situation presented by the perceived abnormal handling or ride posture characteristic; or subclasses 5.515+ wherein the elasticity property of the suspension is regulated during surface traversing motion of the vehicle.
6.157 for a suspension including means for establishing riding or trim height.

Manual actuation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.101. Subject matter wherein the means are activated by a living being.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Brakes, subclass 299.1 for a fluid resistance shock absorber including remotely operated means for altering the relative elasticity thereof through regulation of the fluid movement.
267, Spring Devices, 2 for vehicle springs including elasticity adjustment means.

Body banking on turning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1. Subject matter wherein the suspension creates or enables sideways or transverse inclination of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame toward a center of curvature about which the vehicle is executing arcuate travel to overcompensate for a resultant centrifugal force experienced by the vehicle.
(1) Note. The mere balancing, cancellation, or compensation of centrifugal force experienced by a vehicle executing
arcuate travel is not proper for classification in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.509 for an active suspension wherein means responsive while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion are caused to sideways or transversely incline the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.
124.106 for a suspension arrangement which balances, cancels, or compensates for the centrifugal force experienced by a vehicle executing arcuate travel.

Antidive or antisquat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1. Subject matter wherein the suspension restricts the vehicle body, chassis, or frame from inclining in the front-to-rear or fore-and-aft direction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.513 for an active suspension wherein means responsive while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion are caused to restrict longitudinal inclination of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

Brake reaction device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.104. Subject matter wherein the inclination restricting suspension includes linkage means associated with a wheel brake mechanism.

Antiroll or antisway:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1. Subject matter wherein the suspension restricts the vehicle body, chassis, or frame from tilting in the sideways or transverse direction.
(1) Note. The mere inclusion of an antiroll, sway, or torsion bar or rod does not render classification in this subclass. This subclass includes (a) a vehicle stabilizer,
per se; (b) a suspension system specifically claimed as being for antiroll; or (c) a suspension system involving interconnected wheel suspension units not elsewhere classifiable.
(2) Note. The feature of an antiroll, sway, or torsion bar or rod in a combination for a wheel separately supported upon an individual spindle axle is not proper for classification in this or the indented subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.508 for an active suspension wherein means responsive while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion are caused to restrict lateral tilt of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.
124.125 for a suspension arrangement of a wheel separately supported upon an individual spindle axle, especially subclass 124.13 wherein a longitudinally extending swinging arm includes stabilizing means within the connection housing of the swinging arm pivot to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame; subclass 124.137 wherein an upper and lower lateral control arm suspension includes a torsion bar; subclass 124.149 wherein a lateral control arm and vertical strut suspension includes a torsion stabilizer; and subclass 124.152 wherein a lateral control arm suspension includes a stabilizer bar.

Centrifugal force transmission linkage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.106. Subject matter wherein the tilt restricting suspension includes a mechanical interconnection for transferring the inertial force moment created by arcuate travel from one side to the other side of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.
(1) Note. A transfer of fluid medium is not considered a mechanical interconnection for classification in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, 183 for a spring device having a stabilizer bar for causing a uniform displacement along a substantially horizontal line contained in the vehicle body or chassis.

Resonance vibration suppression:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1. Subject matter wherein the suspension specifically abates unwanted mechanical disturbances.
(1) Note. Since the proximate utility of all suspensions involve the reduction of resonant vibration for the comfort of the occupant, at least to some extent, this subclass includes only those patents which specifically claim the noise suppression.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.515 for an active suspension wherein means responsive while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion are caused to govern the extent of travel surface induced vibrational force experienced by a vehicle occupant.

Interposed frame structure (i.e., subframe):
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1. Subject matter wherein the suspension includes a structural assembly that maintains its configuration independently of its location.
(1) Note. The interposed frame structure must itself be resiliently coupled to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame. This excludes turntable-type attachments for a swinging axle or axle assembly which are provided for later in the class schedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.11 for a resilient, shock absorbingly mounted swinging axle or axle assembly.
137.5 for an articulated axle lacking a resilient, shock absorbing feature.
781 for a vehicle including specific frame construction.

Pivotally mounted axle or axle assembly:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1. Subject matter wherein the suspension comprises a structurally rigid bar, beam, shaft, or tube mounted for oscillatory movement upon the vehicle body, chassis, or frame about a mounting point which either (a) functions as a direct support for a single wheel carrier or spindle or (b) supports laterally
opposed wheel carriers or spindles.
(1) Note. The oscillatory movement about the mounting point may be for other than suspension purposes (e.g., steering) and other than a defined axis of rotation (e.g., orbital, universal).
(2) Note. Included herein are half axles.
(3) Note. The mere mounting of an axle or axle assembly upon a horizontal axis upon the vehicle body, chassis, or frame for oscillatory movement within a vertical plane is sufficient to provide the resilient, shock absorbing support.
(4) Note. Excluded from this and the indented subclasses are an axle or axle assembly involving a pivotal interconnection between a coupling pole, perch, or reach, which interconnects front and rear running gear units so as to enable independent rocking motion thereof in a vertical plane, lacking a claimed feature providing resilient, shock absorbing support for the vehicle body, chassis, or frame (i.e., a spring). Vehicle running gear including a coupling pole, perch, or reach interconnecting front and rear running gear units provided with means enabling relative oscillatory movement of the front and rear running gear units is provided for later in the class schedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137.5 for a fifth-wheel or swinging axle lacking a claimed feature providing resilient, shock absorbing support for the vehicle body, chassis, or frame, especially subclass 137.503 wherein a spherical union interconnects a coupling pole, perch, or reach to the axle or axle assembly; or subclass 137.504 wherein bracing of the coupling pole, perch, or reach interconnection to the axle or axle assembly is claimed.
141 for vehicle running gear including a coupling pole, perch, or reach interconnecting front and rear running gear units provided with means enabling relative oscillatory movement of the front and rear running gear units.

Longitudinal pivot axis (i.e., rocking axle):
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.11. Subject matter wherein the structurally rigid bar, beam, shaft, or tube is mounted upon an axis directed parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame for oscillatory movement in a vertical plane.
(1) Note. Included herein is a pivot axis either coaxial with or parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the
vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6.154 for running gear including means for vertically predisposing a load, load carrier, or receptacle portion so as to accommodate travel upon an inclined surface.

Including fluid actuator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.111. Subject matter comprising a hydraulic drive mechanism for creating or restricting the oscillatory movement.

Including steerable terminal wheel spindle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.111. Subject matter wherein the supported wheel carrier or spindle is additionally pivotally mounted to a terminus of the structurally rigid bar, beam, shaft, or tube for executing arcuate travel of the vehicle.

And vertical pivot axis (i.e., swinging axle):
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.111. Subject matter wherein the vertically oscillatory axle or axle assembly is additionally mounted upon an erect perpendicular axis for oscillatory movement in a horizontal plane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.117 for a structurally rigid bar, beam, shaft, or tube mounted upon an erect perpendicular axis upon the vehicle body, chassis, or frame for oscillatory movement in a horizontal plane not including vertical oscillatory motion.
137.5 for a swinging axle lacking a feature providing resilient, shock absorbing support for the vehicle body, chassis, or frame upon the swinging axle. Also included in these subclasses are a swinging axle combined with a coupling pole, perch, or reach, which interconnects front and rear running gear units so as to enable relative independent rocking motion thereof in a vertical plane.

Fifth wheel articulated axle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.114. Subject matter comprising a coupling assembly of two coaxially mounted rotatable disks or disk segments defining the vertical pivot axis.

Horizontal and transverse pivot axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.11. Subject matter wherein the structurally rigid bar, beam, shaft, or tube is mounted upon an axis directed across the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame for oscillatory movement in a vertical plane.
(1) Note. Included herein are leading- or trailing-arm type suspensions supporting laterally opposed wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86.5 for an auxiliary axle assembly which may be mounted upon a horizontal and transverse pivot axis for movement between a use and a nonuse condition.
676 for a tandem axle assembly.

Vertical pivot axis (i.e., swinging axle):
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.11. Subject matter wherein the structurally rigid bar, beam, shaft, or tube is mounted upon an erect perpendicular axis upon the vehicle body, chassis, or frame for oscillatory movement in a horizontal plane.
(1) Note. A mere swinging axle lacking a claimed feature providing resilient, shock absorbing support for the vehicle body, chassis, or frame upon the swinging axle is not proper for classification in this or the indented subclasses but is provided for later in the class schedule. Accordingly, mere disclosure or inferential claim language that the vehicle body, chassis, or frame is resiliently, shock absorbingly mounted to the running gear element comprising the swinging axle does not control assignment to this subclass or the indented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.114 for a structurally rigid bar, beam, shaft, or tube mounted upon an axis directed parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame for oscillatory movement in a vertical plane and additionally mounted upon an erect perpendicular axis upon the vehicle body, chassis, or frame for oscillatory movement in a horizontal plane.
137.5 for a swinging axle lacking a feature providing resilient, shock absorbing support for the vehicle body, chassis, or frame upon the swinging axle.

Narrow track:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.117. Subject matter wherein the wheel carrier or spindle is located in close proximity to the vertical pivot axis.

Differential motion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.118. Subject matter wherein (a) plural wheel carriers or spindles are located in close proximity to the vertical pivot axis and (b) each respective wheel carrier or spindle is attached to move in an opposite direction so as to provide the resilient, shock absorbing support of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

With draft attachment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.117. Subject matter comprising means for connecting to a source of pulling force.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137.501 for a swinging axle lacking a feature providing resilient, shock absorbing support for the vehicle body, chassis, or frame upon the swinging axle including draft attachment, noting the search notes provided therein for additional relevant subclasses.

Resilient connection detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.117. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the mounting (i.e., resilient support) of the structurally rigid bar, beam, shaft, or tube to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

Offset pivot:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.121. Subject matter wherein the connection includes displacement of the erect perpendicular axis from the longitudinal axis of the structurally rigid bar, beam, shaft, or tube.

Telescopic members:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.121. Subject matter wherein the connection includes overlapping concentric slidably engaged elements.

Fifth wheel supported upon transverse leaf spring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.121. Subject matter wherein the connection includes one of two coaxially mounted rotatable disks or disk segments of a coupling assembly forming the erect perpendicular pivot axis mounted upon a laterally disposed, elongated flexible strip providing flexural deflection to a force imposed perpendicular to its width dimension.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137.502 for fifth wheel construction lacking resilient, shock absorbing support for the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.
433 for a fifth wheel coupling between a tractor and a semitrailer.

Wheel separately supported upon individual stub axle (e.g., skein, spindle):
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1. Subject matter wherein the suspension provides resilient, shock absorbing interconnection of a relatively short shaft (i.e., stub axle) providing the rotational axis for each wheel, to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.
(1) Note. The requirement that the stub axle itself be resiliently mounted upon the vehicle excludes a bifurcated or yoked axle supporting a kingpin, unless the kingpin is resiliently mounted to the axle.

Steering pivot confined within boundary of wheel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.125. Subject matter wherein the suspension interconnects a steerable wheel to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame such that the connection points defining a turning axis of the wheel lie within the area defined by the perimeter and treadwidth of the wheel.
(1) Note. Excluded from this subclass is a telescopically mounted steerable or steered swivel truck wherein the pivot axis is vertically aligned with the wheel center plane but actually displaced above the rotational axis of the wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.11 for an attendant steered vehicle having steering control means for other than a mere swinging axle.
47.34 for a stable, handle-propelled vehicle which may or may not include a steerable wheel.
86 for a nonsteerable swivel truck (i.e., caster wheel).
87.01 for a coaster vehicle which may or may not include a steerable wheel.
124.117 for a telescopically mounted steerable or steered swivel truck wherein the pivot axis is vertically aligned with the wheel center plane but actually displaced above the rotational axis of the wheel.
200 appropriate subclasses for an occupant-propelled-type wheeled land vehicle including a steerable wheel. Additionally, in accordance with the (2) Note of subclass 200, motorcycle frames and running gear without features causing classification in Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included in these subclasses.

Sliding connection (e.g., pillar and sleeve):
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.125. Subject matter wherein the suspension includes cooperating interengaged guiding elements restricting the stub axle to rectilinear reciprocatory movement.
(1) Note. Included herein is a bifurcated or yoked axle supporting a resiliently mounted kingpin.
(2) Note. The rectilinear reciprocatory movement is usually vertical; however, the subject matter is not restricted thereto.
(3) Note. Excluded from this subclass is a telescopically mounted steerable or steered swivel truck.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86.1 for a resiliently mounted nonsteerable swivel truck (i.e., caster wheel).
124.117 for a telescopically mounted steerable or steered swivel truck.

Longitudinally extending swinging support arm (i.e., leading or trailing swing arm):
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.125. Subject matter wherein the suspension includes an elongated member pivotally attached to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame about an axis or axis extension crossing the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle providing a longitudinally displaced pivot axis for the stub axle.
(1) Note. This subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder require that the stub axle move in an arcuate motion relative to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame whereby the rotational axis of the wheel is moved both longitudinally and vertically when undergoing deflection. A longitudinally extending support member not functioning to enable this compound motion is not proper for this subclass or those indented hereunder but rather belongs in subclasses provided elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.153 for a suspension arrangement including a longitudinally extending support member or members. See the
(1) Note supra.

Road arm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.128. Subject matter wherein the longitudinally extending swinging support arm encases resilient, shock absorbing means between the pivot point attachment to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and the stub axle.
(1) Note. The stub axle usually supports either a driven or nondriven wheel engaging a crawler track or an endless track; however, it is not restricted thereto.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, 9 for a motor vehicle of that class (Class 180) including an endless track. In accordance with item 9 under Class 180 definition, no power or driving means needs to be claimed for assignment to that class (Class 180). Class 180 is superior to Class 280 in the class hierarchy.
305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for flexible endless track wheel substitutes. Class 305 is subordinate to Class 280 in the class hierarchy.

Stabilizer means within connection housing of arm pivot (e.g., bushing, spring, torsion rod):
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.128. Subject matter wherein the pivotal attachment of the elongated member includes a spring member resisting free pivotal movement.
(1) Note. The included resisting or restraining member is not restricted to any specific construction. Illustrative of such a member is a coil spring, an elastomeric spring (i.e., bushing), a fluid spring, a torsion bar or rod, etc.

Spring-like arm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.128. Subject matter wherein the support arm is an elastically deformable or resilient member.
(1) Note. The support arm is usually either a leaf spring or a torsion bar or rod.

Intermediate of support arm (e.g., semileading or semitrailing arm):
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.128. Subject matter wherein the stub axle is attached at other than a terminal end of the support arm.

Arm having plural segments or dissimilar materials:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.128. Subject matter wherein the support arm comprises (a) discrete elements or (b) a nonhomogeneous construction.
(1) Note. Excluded from this subclass is a parallelogram structure of vertically disposed longitudinally extending swinging support arms.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.153 for a suspension arrangement including plural vertically disposed longitudinally extending support members. See the (1) Note supra.

Lateral control arm (i.e., suspension arm):
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.125. Subject matter wherein the suspension includes a member (a) extending transversely to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame; and (b) having an inboard end coupled to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and an outboard end coupled to a kingpin, steering knuckle, or wheel carrier and the member constrains horizontal displacement of the stub axle.

Plural lateral control arms:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.134. Subject matter including at least two transversely extending members constraining horizontal displacement of the stub axle.

Upper and lower arms having aligned outboard ends:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.135. Subject matter wherein the outboard end of one arm terminates at a position above the stub axle, the outboard end of another arm terminates at a position below the stub axle, and the outboard ends of the arms lie along a line passing through the stub axle.

With torsion bar:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.136. Subject matter wherein the suspension additionally includes an elongated rod, shaft, or tube providing a springing action resulting from a twist deformation (torque deformation) attached to one of the control arms.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.511 for an active suspension responsive to a force encountered while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion and a sway or torsion bar is regulated.
124.106 for a mechanical hardware or structural assembly suspension arrangement provided for restricting sideways or transverse tilting of a vehicle body, chassis, or frame.
124.149 for an individual wheel suspension having a transversely extending member, a vertically extending strut, and a longitudinally extending control arm or strut wherein the longitudinally extending control arm or strut is a torsion bar or rod.
124.152 for an individual wheel suspension including a single lateral control or suspension arm and a stabilizer bar.

Specific spatial location:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.136. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a spatial location of at least one of the control arms to (a) the other control arm; (b) the vehicle body, chassis, or frame (i.e., inboard end); or (c) kingpin, steering knuckle, or wheel
carrier (i.e., outboard end).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.52 for an active suspension responsive to a force encountered while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion which alters a spatial relationship of the running gear.
86.75 for wheeled running gear including means for static alteration of a spatial relationship of the running gear upon the vehicle.

Unequal length:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.136. Subject matter wherein the control arms differ in elongate dimension.
(1) Note. The length difference must be claimed for proper classification in this and the indented subclass.

Spring-like arm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.139. Subject matter wherein one of the control arms is a mechanical resilient member.

Interposed coil spring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.136. Subject matter wherein a helical shaped elastic member is disposed within a boundary area delimited by the control arms.
(1) Note. The helical shaped elastic member is not required to engage either of the control arms but merely be placed within the bounded area defined therebetween.

Coil spring disposed above upper arm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.136. Subject matter wherein a helical shaped elastic member is positioned
over or upon the upper control arm.

Longitudinally spaced outboard ends:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.135. Subject matter wherein an outboard end of one of the control arms is coupled forwardly of the stub axle and the outboard end of another control arm is coupled rearwardly of the stub axle.

Resilient coupling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.143. Subject matter wherein the coupling of one of the control arms includes an elastomeric member.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.516 for an active suspension responsive while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion wherein suspension stiffness for ride comfort is adjusted through bushing compliance regulation.
5.523 for an active suspension responsive while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion wherein toe angle of a wheel is adjusted through bushing regulation.

Including vertically extending strut:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.134. Subject matter wherein the suspension includes an erect member extending between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and the stub axle for constraining vertical displacement of the stub axle.

Turnable telescopic strut (i.e., MacPherson strut type):
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.145. Subject matter wherein the erect member comprises overlapping concentric slidably engaged and relatively rotatable elements whereby pivotal motion of the stub axle for steering purposes is attained.

Upper strut mount detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.146. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to means for connecting a top end of the erect member to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86.752 for vehicle running gear including static alignment adjustment wherein caster or camber adjustment of a wheel is affected by the connection of the upper end of a vertically extending strut to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.
124.155 for a vehicle running gear including means for connecting the top end of a vertically extending telescopic strut to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame lacking a lateral control or suspension arm.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, 217 for upper strut mount constructions of that class (Class 267), especially subclass 220 for elastomeric coupling means.

Including longitudinally extending control arm or strut:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.145. Subject matter including an elongated member extending between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and the stub axle in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle and constraining longitudinal movement of the stub axle.

Torsion stabilizer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.148. Subject matter wherein the elongated member is a bar, rod, shaft, or tube providing a springing action through twist deformation about a longitudinal axis thereof (torque deformation).

Specific spatial location:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.134. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a spatial location of the control arm.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.138 for a suspension including upper and lower lateral control arms having aligned outboard ends and including a specific spatial location.
124.143 for a suspension including plural lateral control arms having longitudinally spaced outboard ends which may include a specific spatial location.

Including spring retaining seat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.134. Subject matter wherein the transversely extending member provides a base support for a resilient energy storing mechanical element.
(1) Note. The resilient mechanical element is usually a helical coil spring; however, the subclass is not limited thereto.
(2) Note. Excluded from this subclass is a connection between a sway or torsion bar and the transversely extending member because such connection does not provide a base support but rather is merely a constraining attachment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.137 for a suspension including upper and lower lateral control arms having aligned outboard ends and including a torsion bar.
124.152 for a suspension including a lateral control arm and a torsion bar attached thereto. See the (2) Note supra.

Including stabilizer bar (e.g., sway bar):
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.134. Subject matter including an elongated rod, shaft, or tube attached to the transversely extending member and wherein the rod, shaft, or tube provides a springing action resulting from a twist deformation (torque deformation) for assisting in constraining displacement of the stub axle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.511 for an active suspension responsive while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion wherein a sway or torsion bar is regulated.
124.106 for a mechanical hardware or structural assembly suspension arrangement provided for restricting sideways or transverse tilting of a vehicle body, chassis, or frame.
124.137 for a suspension including upper and lower lateral control arms having aligned outboard ends and including a torsion bar.
124.149 for a suspension having a transversely extending member, a vertically extending strut, and a longitudinally extending control arm or strut wherein the longitudinally extending control arm or strut is a torsion bar or rod.

Longitudinal control arm (i.e., suspension arm):
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.125. Subject matter including an elongated member extending between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and the stub axle in a longitudinal direction of the vehicle and constraining longitudinal movement of the stub axle.
(1) Note. Parallel longitudinal control or suspension arms having terminal attachment above and below a stub axle are included herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.128 for a longitudinally extending swinging support arm suspension.
124.137 for a suspension including upper and lower lateral control arms having aligned outboard ends and including a torsion bar which may function to constrain forward and rearward displacement of the stub axle in addition to providing a springing action through twist deformation.
124.148 for a suspension having a transversely extending member, a vertically extending strut, and a longitudinally extending control arm or strut.
124.152 for a suspension including a lateral control arm and an attachment to a stabilizer bar wherein the stabilizer bar may function to constrain forward and rearward displacement of the stub axle in addition to providing a springing action through twist deformation.

Vertically extending telescopic strut:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.125. Subject matter wherein the suspension includes an erect member having overlapping concentric slidably engaged elements extending between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and the stub axle for constraining vertical displacement of the stub axle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.143 for a suspension including at least two lateral control or suspension arms disposed at longitudinally spaced terminal attachment points to a kingpin, steering knuckle, or wheel carrier which may or may not include a vertically extending telescopic strut.
124.145 for a suspension including a lateral control or suspension arm and a vertically extending strut.

Upper strut mount detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.154. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to means for connecting a top end of the erect member to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86.752 for vehicle running gear including static alignment adjustment wherein caster or camber adjustment of a wheel is affected by the connection of the upper end of a vertically extending strut to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.
124.147 for a suspension system having a lateral control or suspension arm and a vertically extending, turnable telescopic strut and means for connecting the top end of the vertically extending, turnable telescopic strut to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, 217 for upper strut mount constructions of that class (Class 267), especially subclass 220 for elastomeric coupling means.

Including "live" axle feature (e.g., differential):
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1. Subject matter wherein the axle comprises means for transferring drive power to road wheels.
(1) Note. Nominal recitation of a differential or transfer case is sufficient for classification in this subclass. However, mere recitation that the axle is driven is not proper for classification in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, 348 for a vehicle of that class (Class 180) involving a "live" axle, especially subclasses 359+ for mounting of a differential or transfer case.

Fluidic suspension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1. Subject matter wherein the suspension includes a displaceable, flowable agent.
(1) Note. A suspension arrangement including a regulatable elastic means, including a fluid suspension arrangement, responsive while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion is provided for earlier in the class schedule. Similarly, a fluid suspension arrangement for vertically predisposing a load, load carrier, or receptacle portion is provided for earlier in the class schedule.
(2) Note. This subclass is the residual subclass for a fluid suspension not classifiable elsewhere or in an indented subclass.
(3) Note. In accordance with accepted industry and mechanical engineering convention, a shock absorber, per se, is not deemed to be a fluid suspension element for the purposes of this subclass and the indented subclasses since it normally does not support any weight but merely retards the extent of motion provided by a supporting spring device attempting to distort or return to its undeflected condition.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.5 for an active suspension including a regulatable elastic means responsive while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion.
6.15 for a vehicle including means used to alter the relative height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame which may or may not include a fluidic suspension
element.
86.5 for an auxiliary axle assembly which may or may not include a fluidic suspension.
86.75 for vehicle running gear including static alignment adjustment means which may or may not include a fluidic suspension element.
104 for vehicle running gear including an equalized frame, especially subclasses 678 or 683 for tandem axles including fluid spring means.
124.101 for a suspension arrangement including means for presetting an elasticity parameter.
124.103 for a suspension arrangement intended to sideways or transversely incline the vehicle body, chassis, or frame toward a center of curvature about which the vehicle body, chassis, or frame is executing arcuate travel which may or may not include a fluidic suspension element. See the (2) Note supra.
124.104 for a suspension arrangement intended to restrict front-to-rear or fore-and-aft inclination of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame which may or may not include a fluidic suspension element. See the (2) Note supra.
124.106 for a suspension arrangement intended to restrict sideways or transverse tilt of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame which may or may not include a fluidic suspension element. See the (2) Note supra.
124.112 for a suspension arrangement including a rocking axle having a fluid actuator. See the (2) Note supra.
124.116 for a suspension arrangement wherein an axle or axle assembly is mounted upon a horizontal and transverse pivot axis which may or may not include a fluidic suspension element. See the (2) Note supra.
124.117 for a steerable or steered swivel truck which may or may not involve a fluidic suspension element. See the (2) Note supra.
124.125 for a suspension arrangement separately supporting an individual wheel for interconnecting a stub axle to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame which may or may not include a fluidic suspension element. See the (2) Note supra.
200 for running gear of a general utility occupant-propelled-type wheeled land vehicle, especially subclasses 274+ or 283+, which may or may not include a fluidic suspension element. Additionally, in accordance with the (2) Note of subclass 200, motorcycle frames and running gear, without features causing classification in Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included in these subclasses. See the
(2) Note supra.
400 for an articulated vehicle or plural interconnected vehicles (i.e., vehicle train) which may or may not include a fluidic suspension element. See the (2) Note supra.
781 for a vehicle running gear including specific frame construction, especially subclass 782 wherein the specific frame construction forms a fluid conduit which may or may not be a suspension fluid. See the (2) Note supra.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Brakes, 266.1 for a retarding or stopping mechanism employing the reluctance of a medium to be disturbed. This class (Class 188) includes a shock absorber, per se.
267, Spring Devices, 2 for vehicle spring devices, per se, especially subclasses 64.11+ for fluid spring devices or subclasses 217+ for a mechanical spring device and a fluid retarder (i.e., shock absorber). Class 267 provides the locus for the combination of a spring device and a shock absorber.

Hydraulic and pneumatic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.157. Subject matter wherein the displaceable flowable agent includes a gaseous medium (e.g., air) and an incompressible liquid medium (e.g., oil).
(1) Note. This subclass requires either (a) simultaneous use of gaseous and liquid medium in an element of the running gear or (b) the existence of both gaseous and liquid medium handling systems for cooperative employment within the suspension system.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.5 for an active suspension responsive while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion which may or may not involve a hydraulic-pneumatic suspension element.
6.15 for a vehicle including means used to alter the relative height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame which may or may not include a hydraulic-pneumatic suspension element.

Fluid handling details:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.158. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a flow path for either the gaseous medium or the incompressible liquid medium.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, appropriate subclasses for general fluid handling apparatus and methods.

Fluid handling details:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.157. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a flow path for the displaceable flowable agent.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.159 for fluid handling details when the fluidic suspension includes a gaseous medium and an incompressible liquid medium.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, appropriate subclasses for general fluid handling apparatus and methods.

Closed system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.16. Subject matter wherein the displaceable flowable agent is contained at all times.

Including mechanical spring element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.157. Subject matter wherein the fluidic suspension includes an elastic potential energy storing device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, 217 for a vehicle spring device including a combination of a mechanical spring and a fluid retarder (i.e., shock absorber).

Leaf spring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.162. Subject matter wherein the mechanical spring element is an elongated strip which flexurally deflects in response to a force being imposed perpendicularly to its width dimension.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, subclass 227 for a vehicle spring device including a combination of a leaf spring and a fluid retarder (i.e., shock absorber).

Mechanical spring element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1. Subject matter wherein the suspension includes an elastic potential energy storing device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, 2 for vehicle spring devices, per se.

Plural diverse mechanical spring elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.164. Subject matter wherein the suspension includes several distinct forms or types of elastic potential energy storing devices.
(1) Note. Mere duplication of a single form or type of elastic potential energy storing device is not proper for classification in this subclass. Such duplication would be properly classified in the subclass providing for that form or type of elastic potential energy storing device.
(2) Note. A resilient, elastomeric, or rubber element employed within a mounting arrangement of a mechanical spring element is not to be considered a "distinct" spring element for classification in this subclass unless such resilient, elastomeric, or rubber element acts to provide cushioning effect upon the axle, vehicle body, chassis, or frame, or wheel other than through the associated mechanical spring mounting arrangement.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.108 for a suspension arrangement specifically provided to abate mechanical noise, which may involve the use of a resilient, elastomeric, or rubber cushioning element.
124.162 for a suspension arrangement including a fluidic suspension element and a mechanical spring element.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, 2 for vehicle spring devices, per se, especially subclasses 259+ for plural diverse spring devices, each of which cushions relative movement between parts of the vehicle.

Torsion spring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.164. Subject matter wherein the mechanical spring element has a lengthwise axis and undergoes a twisting deformation (torque deformation) about its lengthwise axis in response to an applied force.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.511 for an active suspension responsive while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion wherein a sway or torsion bar is regulated.
86.5 for an auxiliary axle assembly which may or may not include a torsion spring.
104 for vehicle running gear including an equalized frame, especially subclasses 679 or 684 for tandem axles including torsion spring means.
124.103 for a suspension arrangement causing body banking on turning which may or may not include a torsion spring.
124.107 for a suspension arrangement preventing body roll which may or may not include a torsion spring.
124.116 for a suspension arrangement wherein an axle or axle assembly is mounted upon a horizontal and transverse pivot axis which may or may not include a torsion spring.
124.125 for a suspension arrangement for separately supporting a wheel upon an individual skein or spindle axle, especially subclasses 124.13, 124.137, 124.149, or 124.152 which include a torsion spring device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, 273 for a torsion vehicle spring device.

Longitudinally extending:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.166. Subject matter wherein the lengthwise axis of the torsion spring is directed substantially along a longitudinal centerline of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

Helical form:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.166. Subject matter wherein the torsion spring is a spiral lying on the surface of a cylinder and the twisting deformation (torque deformation) causes winding of the spiral.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, subclass 275 for a vehicle helical form torsion spring device.

Elastomeric material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.166. Subject matter wherein the torsion spring is a mass of rubber or rubber-like resilient material.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, 279 for a vehicle elastomeric torsion spring device.

Leaf spring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.164. Subject matter wherein the mechanical spring element is an elongated strip which flexurally deflects in response to a force being imposed perpendicularly to its width dimension.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
680 for a tandem axle suspension including a walking beam and leaf spring means.
686 for a tandem axle suspension including leaf spring means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, 36.1 for a vehicle leaf spring device or subclasses 229+ for a vehicle spring device including a lever and a leaf spring.

Transverse:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.17. Subject matter wherein the leaf spring is disposed laterally across the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.115 for a rocking and swinging axle which may or may not include a transverse leaf spring.
124.124 for a swinging axle wherein a fifth wheel is supported upon a transverse leaf spring.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, subclass 246 for a vehicle leaf spring device wherein the leaf spring is disposed laterally of the vehicle chassis.

Reach attached:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.171. Subject matter wherein the transverse leaf spring is connected to a member longitudinally interconnecting front and rear axles (i.e., reach).

Sidebar attached:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.171. Subject matter including a longitudinally extending member (i.e., sidebar) disposed along a side of the vehicle and wherein the
transverse leaf spring is connected to the longitudinally extending member.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, subclass 39 for a vehicle leaf spring device wherein the leaf spring is secured to sidebars disposed longitudinally of the vehicle chassis.

Plural cooperating leaf springs (e.g., full elliptical spring, helper springs):
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.17. Subject matter including multiple leaf springs associated and acting together within a common support region of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.
(1) Note. A single leaf spring constructed of plural flexible strips is not considered proper for this subclass.
(2) Note. A symmetrical arrangement, providing mere duplication of a leaf spring suspension upon each lateral side of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame, is not to be considered plural cooperating leaf springs located within a common support region of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and is not proper for classification in this subclass.

Connection detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.17. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to an attachment of the leaf spring to either (a) the vehicle body, chassis, or frame; (b) the axle; or (c) the wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, 260 for vehicle leaf spring connection details.

Lateral force compliance for steering deflection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.175. Subject matter wherein the attachment enables limited alteration (i.e., compliance) of a spatial alignment between an axle or wheel carrier and the vehicle body, chassis, or frame when
the vehicle executes arcuate travel (i.e., steering deflection).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5.52 for an active suspension responsive while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion wherein a spatial relationship of the running gear is regulated.
86.75 for a wheeled land vehicle including means for enabling static alignment adjustment of the running gear upon the vehicle.

Elastomeric spring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.164. Subject matter wherein the mechanical spring element is a mass of rubber or rubber-like resilient material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86.5 for an auxiliary axle assembly which may or may not include an elastomeric spring.
124.169 for a torsion spring comprising elastomeric material.
681 for a tandem axle including a walking beam and an elastomeric spring.
687 for a tandem axle including an elastomeric spring.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, 257 for a vehicle spring device including the combination of a lever and an elastomeric spring or subclasses 292+ for an elastomeric vehicle spring device.

Shear force:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.177. Subject matter wherein the mass resists deformation from a transversely applied impetus.

Coil spring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.164. Subject matter wherein the mechanical spring element is a helical or spiral wire element subjected to compression or tension.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86.5 for an auxiliary axle assembly which may or may not include a coil spring.
124.125 for a suspension arrangement for separately supporting a wheel upon an individual stub axle which may or may not include a coil spring.
124.162 for a fluid suspension arrangement including a mechanical spring wherein the mechanical spring may or may not be a coil spring.
124.168 for a helical form torsion spring.
685 for a tandem axle including a coil spring.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, 248 for a vehicle spring device including the combination of a lever and a coil spring or subclasses 286+ for a vehicle coil spring device.

Turnable axle (e.g., fifth-wheel or swinging axle):
This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Subject matter wherein a transverse shaft or member supporting laterally opposed wheels includes (a) a coupling assembly of two coaxially mounted rotatable disks or disk segments or (b) a vertical pivot axis to enable arcuate travel.
(1) Note. Included herein is a horizontal swinging axle lacking resilient, shock absorbing interconnection between the swinging axle and the vehicle body, chassis, or frame. A horizontal swinging axle including interposed resilient, shock absorbing interconnection is not proper for this subclass but is provided for earlier in the class schedule.
(2) Note. Included herein is a horizontal swinging axle for a drawn vehicle lacking the recitation of a draft vehicle.
(3) Note. A horizontal swinging axle including occupant controlled steering means is not proper for classification in this or the indented subclasses but is provided for earlier in the class schedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
93.504 for a vehicle having a horizontal swinging axle including occupant controlled steering means.
124.114 for a vertical rocking axle which is additionally mounted for horizontal swinging movement to execute arcuate movement of the vehicle.
124.117 for a horizontal swinging axle including interposed resilient, shock absorbing interconnection between the swinging axle and the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.
124.172 for a vehicle body, chassis, or frame resiliently, shock absorbingly mounted upon a transverse, reach mounted leaf spring wherein one axle is a horizontal swinging axle.
400 for an articulated vehicle or plural interconnected vehicles (i.e., vehicle train) which may or may not include a horizontal swinging axle.

With draft attachment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 137.5. Subject matter including means for connection to a source of pulling force.
(1) Note. Shafts or tongues neither claimed nor disclosed as a handle are included herein.
(2) Note. Shafts or tongues including a nominal recitation of interconnection with another vehicle are included herein.
(3) Note. Futchel or futchell, one of the pieces of wood or metal forming a socket for a pole or thill, is included within the scope of a means for connecting to a source of pulling force.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47.11 for an attendant steered vehicle having plural horizontal swinging axles controlled by a handle draft member connected to one of the swinging axles.
47.17 for a tiltable, attendant or article stabilized, handle-propelled vehicle which may or may not include a horizontal swinging axle.
47.34 for a stable, handle-propelled vehicle which may or may not include a horizontal swinging axle.
87.01 for a coaster vehicle which may or may not include a horizontal swinging axle.
98 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle running gear specially constructed for enabling arcuate travel within a reduced radius of curvature (i.e., short turn) which involves other than a mere swinging axle which may involve a draft attachment, especially subclass 103 which includes stub axle supported wheels.
108 for draft connection or tongue antivibrators.
124.114 for a vertical rocking and horizontal swinging axle which may or may not include a draft attachment.
124.12 for a horizontal swinging axle including interposed resilient, shock absorbing interconnection between the horizontal swinging axle and the vehicle body, chassis, or frame provided with a draft attachment.
400 for articulated vehicles including interconnecting draft attachment means, especially subclasses 408+ wherein draft attachment means are provided upon both ends of at least one of the connected vehicles; subclass 416 wherein the draft attachment means is convertible so that the vehicle may be drawn by either animals or another vehicle; subclasses 442+ wherein the draft attachment means interconnection serves to steer the trailing vehicle in response to articulative movement; subclasses 456.1+ wherein the draft attachment means between interconnected vehicles is laterally adjustable; subclasses 478.1+ wherein the draft attachment means is bodily shiftable to facilitate vehicle coupling; subclasses 483+ wherein the draft attachment means is resiliently biased to prevent movement in at least one direction; or subclasses 491.1+ wherein the draft attachment means has a use and a nonuse position.
655.1 for an extensible vehicle wherein only a handle draft member thereof is foldable.

Fifth-wheel or pivot details:
This subclass is indented under subclass 137.5. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the (a) the fifth-wheel or (b) the vertical pivot.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.115 for a horizontal rocking and vertically swinging axle including a fifth-wheel coupling creating the vertical pivot axis.
124.124 for a swinging axle wherein a fifth wheel is positioned upon a transverse leaf spring.
137.501 for a fifth wheel or swinging axle including means
for connection to a source of pulling force. See the search notes thereunder for additional relevant subclasses.
433 for a fifth wheel coupling between a tractor and a semitrailer.

Spherical union (i.e., ball and socket joint):
This subclass is indented under subclass 137.502. Subject matter including a bulbous member (i.e., ball) interfitting within a concave member (i.e., socket) creating the vertical pivot axis.

Perch or reach bracing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 137.502. Subject matter including strengthening means between the turnable axle and an elongated member which interconnects front and rear axles of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
139 for a brace, known as a hound, which either (a) extends between a shaft or tongue and an articulated axle or (b) between a perch or reach and a rear axle.
140 for specific construction of an elongate member interconnecting front and rear axles of the vehicle, known as either a perch or reach.

Offset pivot:
This subclass is indented under subclass 137.502. Subject matter wherein the vertical pivot axis is displaced from the longitudinal axis of the turnable axle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.122 for a swinging axle including resilient, shock absorbing support having an offset pivot.

Kingbolt detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 137.502. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a vertical pin or rod defining the pivot axis of the turnable axle.

Antirattler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 137.502. Subject matter including means for limiting or preventing vibration induced noise created by movement of cooperating parts.
(1) Note. These are usually resilient means for holding the two rubbing members of a fifth wheel in close contact.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.108 for a suspension construction specifically provided to abate mechanically generated noise.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 452 for sound deadeners for railway rolling stock.

This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Devices comprising braces between the tongue and front axle or between the reach and rear axle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Devices comprising connecting members between the front and rear axle running-gear.

This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Reaches having a swivel-joint to allow the front and rear axle gears to
oscillate in vertical planes independently of each other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.117 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including a swinging axle including resilient, shock absorbing support for the vehicle body, chassis, or frame which may or may not involve a perch or reach.
137.5 for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including a swinging axle lacking resilient, shock absorbing support which may or may not involve a perch or reach, especially subclass 137.504 which includes perch or reach bracing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 579 for pitmans and connecting rods.
403, Joints and Connections, 52 for swivel joints of general utility, particularly subclasses 78+.

This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Reaches which are adjustable in length.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 586 for longitudinally adjustable pitmans and connecting rods.

This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Devices comprising transverse bolsters formed with standards at each end and adapted to support either a load or a load carrier.
(1) Note. The patents in this subclass and those indented under it show the combination of a bolster with its standard or either of the elements, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 380 for similar devices for rail vehicles.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclass 43 for stakes and sockets for vehicle bodies.

This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Bolsters having means operative to vary the distance between the standards to accommodate varying widths of load or load-carriers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
638 for extensible vehicles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Bolsters having a pivotal connection between the standards and the bolster.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 381 for side folding stakes for railway cars.

This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Bolsters having means to adjust the standard vertically to increase or decrease its length.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 389 for telescopic stakes for railway cars.

This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Bolsters having means securing the standards to the bolsters such that the standard can be quickly and easily removed from the bolster.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 382 for releasable stakes for railway cars.

This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Devices having bolsters supplemental to the regular bolsters and either superposed thereon or in an intermediate position for supporting the load or load-carrier.

This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Devices comprising iron elements of a running-gear, especially U-shaped devices for securing the various parts of a running gear together, including also the yokes for connecting the legs of the U-shaped devices.

Interchangeable axles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Vehicles in which the axle carrying the running gear may be replaced by a different axle providing a different running gear arrangement.

Longitudinally shiftable running gear:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Vehicles in which the running gear units may be moved along a line extending in the direction of travel as an assembly, typically to change the wheel base.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
638 for a vehicle including means for altering a dimension of the vehicle or a part thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 24.02 for vertically moveable running gear for shifting or proportioning the load, e.g., tag axles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Mechanical devices attached to a vehicle other than a motor-vehicle and operated by the driver of the vehicle to assist in starting a heavy load.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, 35 for car pushing implements.
278, Land Vehicles: Animal Draft Appliances, subclass 2 for load starters, combined with animal draft appliances.

This subclass is indented under subclass 847. Dust or mud guards including a wheel or tire carrying means, e.g., a fender well.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
224, Package and Article Carriers, subclass 42.12 for vehicle attached wheel or tire carriers when no modification of the vehicle structure is involved.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, appropriate subclasses for modifications of a vehicle body to provide a means to receive and carry a tire or wheel especially subclass 37.2 for auxiliary wheel compartment provided in the vehicle body.

This subclass is indented under subclass 847. Dust and mud guards especially designed for velocipedes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 152.1. Dust and mud guards which are combined with wheel guards.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
160.1 for wheel guards, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 152.1. Dust and mud guards in which the guard is flexible or made in sections.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel, for structurally similar devices, not vehicle dust or mud guards, particularly 45, for awning type; and 130+, for plural strip, slat or panel type as there defined.

This subclass is indented under subclass 848. Devices comprising anti-squeak welts or moldings adapted to be disposed between a mud-guard and the body or frame of a land vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 393 for a structure having a relatively yieldable preformed member separating other components.
277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing means or process, 628 for a static contact seal for other than an internal combustion engine, or a pipe, conduit, or cable.

This subclass is indented under subclass 848. Dust and mud guards having means for attaching them to the body of a vehicle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 847. Dust and mud guards secured to the thill or tongue of a vehicle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 847. Dust and mud guards secured to the wheel of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, subclass 154 for mud guards attached to resilient tires.

This subclass is indented under subclass 847. Dust and mud guards secured to the axle of a vehicle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 855. Wheel scrapers and cleaners especially designed for velocipedes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Devices for protecting occupants of a vehicle from road-dust.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, 77.1 for storm fronts, shields, aprons, and robes for vehicle bodies.

This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Devices for fending obstacles (not persons) from contact with the wheels of a vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
172, Earth Working, 810 for an earth working tool positioned ahead of a motor vehicle and subclasses 508+ for a guard, shield or plant diverter for an earth working apparatus.
293, Vehicle Fenders, for fenders for vehicles, especially subclass 58 for individual wheel guards and 102+ for automobile bumpers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Wheel guards specially designed for velocipedes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
474, Endless Belt Power Transmission Systems or Components, 144 for a guard or housing for a belt or pulley.

This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Devices for protecting a part of a vehicle from injury by movement of another part thereagainst.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 452 for sound deadeners for railway rolling stock.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclass 41 for wear strips for vehicle bodies.

This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Chafe irons having a roller as a part.

This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Devices comprising a platform secured to a vehicle to facilitate the entry or exit of a person.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
291 for steps for occupant propelled vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 182 for a stepped structure of more general utility.
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 443 for steps for railway vehicles.
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, 82 for a wall or floor attached ladder or step.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclass 75 for vehicle body footrests.

Combined devices:
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Steps having a part or attachment for performing an additional purpose or function.

Steps combined with shoe scrapers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 164.1. Devices where the additional function is removing dirt from shoes or boots.
(1) Note. The scraper may only provide a nominal stepping function, actually serving as an interim nonloaded resting position, to clean the boot, in the process of entering the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, 237, for boot scrapers not claimed in combination with vehicle structure.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclass 199 for door sills.

This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Steps attached to the wheel or axle of the vehicle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Steps having means permitting the step to be moved to various positions.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, subclass 91 for a wall or floor attached pivoted step.

This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Devices relating to foot-engaging portion of the step.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 177 for a wear or friction carrying surface of more general utility.

This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Devices comprising socket devices for holding a whip.

This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Whip sockets having means to grip the whip to hold it in the socket.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
176 for somewhat similar devices where the whip-gripping means is locked in its gripping position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 171. Whip sockets where the gripping means is a spring.

This subclass is indented under subclass 171. Whip sockets where the gripping means is a rubber gasket.

This subclass is indented under subclass 171. Whip sockets where the whip-socket is formed of pivotally connected sections.

This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Devices to secure a whip-socket to a vehicle part.

This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Whip-sockets having locking means to secure the whip against displacement.
(1) Note. Many of the patents in this subclass have some form of whip-gripping means in combination with a lock to positively hold the said means in the whip-gripping position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Whip sockets having means for holding the lines when not in use.

This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Whip sockets having means operable by the driver of a vehicle to use the whip without withdrawal thereof from the socket.

This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Load binders where the load is hay or similar material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Devices providing means to support the reins out of engagement with a part of the vehicle or tail of the horse.

This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Devices providing means for holding the lines when not in use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
177 for reinholders combined with whip sockets.

This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Reinholders comprising a clamp.

This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Reinholders in which the clamp is spring-operated.

This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Reinholders in which the clamp has spring-pressed pivoted jaws.

This subclass is indented under subclass 727. Devices connected to a vehicle operable to prevent movement of the draft animals when left standing, to stop said draft-animals in case the driver loses control, and also mechanical devices for guiding and controlling said draft-animals.

This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Devices comprising a weight attached to a tie-line and secured to the vehicle in such a manner as to be readily dropped by the driver.
(1) Note. This subclass also includes the structure of the weight, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclass 404, for other weights.

This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Devices in which a rod pivoted to the vehicle and connected to a tie-line can by the engagement of its free end with the ground cause a tension of the line.

This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Devices for pulling tension on the driving-lines or separate tie-lines operated by the wheels of the vehicle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Devices where the lines are wound upon a drum.

This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Devices having a shiftable gear transmission between the drum and wheel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Devices provided with a clutch between the drum and wheel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles of the type in which there is provided some positive means adapting the vehicle to be propelled by the occupant.
(1) Note. These subclasses do not include those vehicles pushed along by the hands or feet of the occupant, for which see the search notes below.
(2) Note. Due to their closeness in structure, motorcycle frames and running gear are included in this group. Where features are claimed limiting the device to a motor vehicle, it is classified elsewhere. See the Search Class notes below for a motor vehicle having a wheel arrangement comprising two wheels in tandem relationship.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.1 87.01+ for those vehicles pushed along by the hands or feet of the occupant.
43.1 for a vehicle having vertically adjustable ground engaging means and which is unstable when in transporting position but which is stabilized by an attendant or an article to which the vehicle is temporarily attached.
827 for simulation type velocipedes, and see the Note to that subclass for the line.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses, for propulsion means, per se, including cranks and pedals, and also where necessary vehicle parts, as frame or drive wheel, are included by name only.
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 86 for trackman's car drive.
180, Motor Vehicles, 219 for a motor vehicle having a wheel arrangement comprising two wheels in tandem relationship.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 64 for manual propulsion for aircraft.
267, Spring Devices, subclass 132 for a spring device useful as a velocipede seat support.
384, Bearings, subclass 431 for a plain bearing and subclass 457 for an antifriction bearing for a crankshaft which may include mounting or supporting structure for the bearing.
440, Marine Propulsion, subclass 12, 21+ and 94, for hand and foot powered propulsion means for movement through water, and see the definition of "vessel" in Class 440 in the Class Definition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Vehicles in which a pump is formed as a part of the vehicle.

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202 for pump carriers.
216 for pumps combined with a propelling system.
295 for pumps combined with props.

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152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, 415 for pumps constructed and arranged so as to be capable of inflating the tires while the vehicle is in motion.
417, Pumps, 231 for pumps attached to vehicles and actuated thereby.

This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Vehicles in which means is provided in the organized vehicle for carrying additional passengers or articles.

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47.35 handle propelled stable vehicles having plural load supports.
209 for parallel connected cycles.
222 231+ and 273+, for plural occupant propelled and/or controlled vehicles.

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224, Package and Article Carriers, 400 for mere attachments for carrying articles.
297, Chairs and Seats, 234 for an auxiliary seat supported by a primary seat.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Vehicles in which the additional carrying means is in the form of a side car.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Vehicles in which the additional carrying means is in the form of a trailing vehicle.

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400 for vehicle trains and articulated vehicles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Vehicles which have a single wheel or two wheels having a common axis.
(1) Note. Additional steadying wheels may be provided but such wheels are not intended to contact the ground when the vehicle is in normal operation.

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47.2 for handle-propelled tiltable type vehicles with auxiliary wheel stabilizing means.

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105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 142 for human balance type monorail vehicles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Vehicles in which the occupant rides within the periphery of the wheel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Vehicles in which both (1) the occupant support rides on and (2) power is applied to one or more annuli concentric with the wheel axis.

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180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 10 for motor vehicles with annular portable track.

This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Vehicles which have two wheels side by side.

This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Vehicles in which means is provided for connecting two cycles in parallel.

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202 222, 231+, and 273, for organized vehicles having means for carrying additional passengers.

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297, Chairs and Seats, 248 for parallel seats having means to couple adjacent ones together.

This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Vehicles which have some positive means operable by the occupant for propelling the vehicle.

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3 for vehicles propelled by a person walking alongside the vehicle.

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70, Locks, subclass 236 for means for locking the propulsion.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclass, for mechanical movements, per se, including cranks and pedals.
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 86 for trackmen's cars.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 64 for manual aircraft propulsion.
440, Marine Propulsion, 21 for boats and other vessels propelled by foot or hand power, and see the definition of "vessel" in Class 440 in the class definition.
482, Exercise Devices, particularly 57 for an exercise device involving user translation on a bicycle or physical simulation thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Vehicles in which the propelling means is operable to steer the vehicle, i.e., one wheel may be driven faster than the other to steer the vehicle.

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208 for bicycle similarly steered.

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180, Motor Vehicles, 6.2 for motor vehicles steered by driving.

This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Vehicles in which the occupant operated propulsion means involves some means for storing energy, which energy is expended in driving the vehicle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Vehicles in which the added power is a sail attachment.

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11.37 for skaters' sails.

This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Vehicles in which the occupant operated propulsion means may, at least selectively, directly propel the vehicle without aid of the storing means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Vehicles in which the added energy device is interposed in the occupant operated propelling train.

This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Vehicles in which the interposed energy device is a fluid power plant.

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60, Power Plants, appropriate subclasses, for such power plants, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Vehicles in which the interposed energy device is a flywheel or weight.

This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Vehicles in which the fore part of the vehicle moves forward alternately with the rear part. Usually the occupant alternately applies and releases his weight from the vehicle seat.

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1 for similar vehicles having no wheels.
1.181 for similar vehicles of the simulation type.

This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Vehicles in which the propelling means is constructed to intermittently contact the surface over which the vehicle travels to push the vehicle along.

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12.11 for sleds similarly propelled.

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180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 187 for a motor vehicle which includes one or more ski-like or runner members and wherein the vehicle is provided with at least one surface-engaging propulsion element and further wherein the element has a shuffling movement along the surface which supports it; and subclass 8.1 for a motor vehicle having a special driving device in the nature of a stepper.

This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Vehicles in which the occupant support moves during the propulsion of the vehicle to facilitate its propulsion. The movable support usually is capable of propelling or assisting to propel the vehicle.

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1.191 for similar vehicles of the simulation type.
218 for steppers and other nonsimulating velocipedes in which the supports advance alternately.

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185, Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered, subclass 15.5 for motors operated by a pivoted seat.
297, Chairs and Seats, 195.1 for a saddle type seat, subclasses 285+ for a resiliently mounted seat back, and subclass 312 for seat bottom having resiliently mounted
independently movable sections.

This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Vehicles in which the movable support is so connected with the propelling train as to propel or assist in propelling the vehicle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Vehicles which are constructed to be propelled by more than one occupant.

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231 for plural occupant propelled vehicles.