Class 83 is the residual locus of patents directed to methods and machines for penetrating material, without substantial reshaping flow of such material, by means of (1) a solid tool, or fluid current, either of which applies mechanical deforming force to the material by direct physical contact therewith, the fluid current forcing the material against a solid tool whose edge defines the line of cut; (2) a heated solid tool which directly engages the material (to effect penetration thereof by melting, or by transmission of mechanical energy, or both); or (3) opposed, controlled fluid currents.
(A) Specifically (as well as implicitly) excluded, is a patent to apparatus or process for cutting by the transmission of heat to the work material from a hot gas, such as flame cutting (for the location of which, see Lines With Other Classes, subsection A, Relationship to Other Classes Including, per se, Cutting, Severing, or Incising, paragraph 8, Classes related to flame or other heat-cutting).
(B) While a disclosure of the production of a reshaping flow, in the operation of its apparatus or accomplishment of its method, will preclude original placement of a patent in this class, a disclosure of a flow of the material which is inherent in, or purely incidental to, the act of cutting will not operate as such a bar. The following types of factual situations illustrate the rule:
(1) A disclosure that the work material flows, due to melting, will not preclude placement herein of the patent so disclosing; but the further teach-that the flow accomplishes a significant or definable reshaping of the work beyond that inherent in the penetration there-of will bar such placement. Exemplary of such reshaping is the formation of a rim or bead around a hole coincident with the penetration which forms the hole.
(2) A patent to a cutting machine or process employing a tool which, as disclosed, creates a flow of the material while penetrating the material only partially (that is, it fails to reach the surface opposite the surface of entry) will be excluded from this class only if there is a teaching from which it can be fairly inferred that there is no severance of the surface fibres of the work, but rather that the material is compacted, creased, forged or otherwise plastic worked, thus indicating that the reshaping is not an incident of a cutting operation. A disclosure that a "cutting" tool penetrates only partially through tacky, flowable, or green, plastic work material (such as soft synthetic "plastics", food dough, etc.) will be considered to supply such a
teaching, unless (by the same disclosure) the work attains its flowable or soft condition by the action of the cutting tool (e.g., a hot tool). If such tool is disclosed as softening or plasticizing the work, a patent directed to same would be proper for this class (83).

LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
SCOPE OF CLASS 83
Class 83 is an elemental or basic class. That is, its subject matter is restricted (so far as possible) to means for, or steps of, accomplishing the following functions: cutting something (the "work"); or cutting, and handling the work to be cut; or cutting, and handling the product of the cutting operation. As a result, the great preponderance of patents directed to cutting combined with some other work treatment will be found in the respective class of the other treatment or in some more general class of combined operations, such as Class 156 or Class 29 (particularly subclasses 33+ and 566+). The few exceptions to this general statement are set forth explicitly in section II, Lines With Other Classes, subsection B, Relationship to Other Treating Classes (which appears later in this class definition).
The class does not act as the sole repository for patents directed to cutting machines or even to cutting machines of the functional types signalized in the subclasses of the class. Based upon past development of the system of patent classification, such patents are to be found in many classes, their disposition depending mainly upon the nature of the material disclosed as constituting work for the cutting operation. A listing of such classes is included in Lines With Other Classes, subsection A, Relationship to Other Classes Including, per se, Cutting, Severing, or Incising (which appears later in this class definition). With respect to such classes, Class 83 is residual.
As an incident of such residual nature, this class will not receive for original placement a patent disclosing alternative embodiments (claimed generically, or with a specific claim to each), one of a type proper for this class and one of a type related to another cutting class or subclass. Nor will it so receive a patent disclosing two purposes for a claimed cutting machine, one general or related to the art of this class (as shearing metal) and another specific to another cutting class or subclass (as, for instance, cutting plastic block or earthenware; or nail making). In both such cases, the original patent will be placed in the other cutting class or subclass.
A. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER CLASSES INCLUDING, PER SE, CUTTING, SEVERING, OR INCISING
The following enumeration and discussion of such classes, although including the loci of patents relating to many and varied types of cutting, does not purport to be exhaustive:
1. The class of cutting implements, Class 30.
Other than as governed by the exception set forth immediately following description 4 below, a patent is deemed to be directed to a cutting implement, and thus to be placeable originally in Class 30, if its claimed subject matter fits any one of following descriptions:
a. A cutting device which as an entirety is disclosed to be supported or held against the force of gravity by the operator during cutting.
b. A cutting device which as an entirety is disclosed as deriving from the work a substantial amount of its support against gravity (i.e., work-supported) during cutting, including a cutting device which is disclosed as being guided and supported during cutting by a member which is itself supported on the work (i) a cutting device which is disclosed as having a loose, work supported tool and powered means for driving the tool into the work, will be placed in Class 83; (ii) a cutting device which includes means to affix, hold, or positively locate a portion of the device relative to the work, for support of the device against gravity, and means to guide movement of the cutter relative to the work-affixed or work-located portion, will be placed in Class 83; (iii) a cutting device which includes (1) means to position or positively locate a portion of the device relative to the work in such a manner that said portion remains in said relative position during cutting and (2) means to guide the cutter in predetermined path with respect to said portion, will be placed in Class 83.
c. A cutting device which is disclosed as being capable of movement in a random path instantaneously under the control of the operator during cutting, including a cutter suspended or supported near the work; e.g., a cutter mounted at one end of a flexible shaft whose other end is anchored to a table, or a cutter suspended from a trolley, or a cutter mounted on a steerable vehicle.
d. A cutting device of the type referred to in the preceding paragraph in combination with a work support or work holder wherein neither the cutting tool itself nor the tool support is modified or constructed to either constrain the motion of the cutter or to guide it in a predetermined path with respect to the work support or work holder.
However, a patent drawn to a device including a cutting tool and means to support a reserve stock of the work in which the work supply is in the form of a web or strand wrapped upon itself and the supply is supported for rotation upon an axis will be placed originally in this class (83) even though it fits one or more of the above listed descriptions.
A patent for the combination of a cutting device meeting any of the criteria set forth above and a work holder provided
for in Class 269 will be placed originally in Class 30, although a patent for the work holder, per se, will be placed in Class 269.
A patent which only claims a cutting tool nominally, that is, in which the claimed structure does not sufficiently define a cutting tool substantially in its ultimate use form, or elements, adjuncts, or materials structurally limited to such use, is regarded as proper subject matter for original placement in Class 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles.
2. The class of severing by tearing or breaking.
Class 225 includes patents for process or apparatus for severing determinate portions of work material by causing failure of the work under tension at the point or line of separation, effected by moving one part of the work relative to another part. In such devices or processes, the tension is applied by stretching, bending, twisting, manually or mechanically grasping the work on one side of a fixed edge and forcing it against the edge, or moving a breaking or tearing tool and supported work material relative to each other. Also included in the reference class are tearing or breaking devices combined with any other type of severing means.
For a detailed statement of the distinction between Classes 83 and 225, see the (1) Note and (2) Note under section I, Class Definition, subsection B, Breaking or Tearing, of Class 225.
3. The class of comminuting.
Class 241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, includes original patents for process or apparatus directed to the cutting or severing of solid material into a number of smaller solid masses, which smaller masses do not have imparted to them any desired or significant shape. As between Classes 83 and 241, the provision of means for (or steps of) retaining an original dimension of the work in the cut up product will exclude a patent for the apparatus (or process) from Class 241.
4. The class of selective cutting.
The art of selective cutting is collected in Class 234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching). The distinction between a selective cutting device or a method of selective cutting (either of which is proper for Class 234) and a cutting means or method of this class (83) is set forth in the following statement:
Class 234 is superior to Class 83, and takes or contains original patents directed to cutting devices as defined in Class 83 which are further distinguished by the claimed inclusion of a plurality of cutting tool pairs and an
actuating power train for each pair (one power train may be common to all), so that power may be delivered to any or all pairs for any cutting cycle, and wherein each and all of the tool pairs assembled in the machine are constantly available to be chosen for cutting or noncutting (in any desired number, from one to the total number available) by (a) a pattern (b) combinational coding means {defined in section III, Glossary, of the class definition of Class 234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching)}, or (c) means not a part of the tool actuating power train and which does not partake of all the movements of either tool or the pair; which pattern or means conditions which pair so chosen to (a) enable, or (b) prevent, a cutting operation thereby when its driving power train is actuated.
The distinction expressed above is intended to exclude from Class 234 patents for devices wherein, for example, (a) there is no distinct conditioning means {see U.S. Patent No. 682,197 (subclass 225 of Class 83) to Hollerith: each punch is selected and actuated by its individual key-connected linkage}; or (b) less than the whole number of tools is constantly available {see U.S. Patent No. 878,775 (subclass 552 of Class 83) to Colbert: a turret of tools}; or (c) the tool conditioning means move bodily with their associated tools {see U.S. Patent No. 746,625 (subclass 559 of Class 83) to Allen: manipulable locking pins are fixed to the tools}; and is intended to include, for example, devices wherein a tool-actuating power train common to all tools is tripped, manually or automatically, after operation of selected conditioning means {see U.S. Patent No. 1,110,261 (234/111) to Hollerith: initial depression of a key conditions one punch for actuation, and further depression of the key trips a common punch hammer or actuator}, and devices wherein a plurality of combinations of less than the total number of tools are actuated or conditioned for actuation, by coding means (see U.S. Patent No. 422,728 to Clark: a turret of coded interposers is positionable to select groups of tools from an array thereof).
5. The class of mechanical manufacturing (metal working).
The class of reference (29, Metal Working) includes patents for machines for bias cutting of tubular stock (subclasses 2.1+); shredding metal; e.g., metal wool making (subclass 4.51+); spiral cutting of flat stock (subclass 20.1); and filing (subclass 76.1). Patents for files and rasps are found in subclasses 78+.
6. The class of presses.
The class of reference, (100, Presses) includes patents for reciprocating press structures, which (as both claimed and disclosed) may perform, alternatively, a cutting operation or some other forming operation (such as forging, drawing, bending), as well as patents containing such equivocal disclosures of forming devices that the type of forming operation such devices are intended to perform cannot be
ascertained accurately.
7. The class of abrading.
With few exceptions (such as those found in Class 132, Toilet), patents claiming a cutting means, or a step involving the use of a cutting means, which (as disclosed) is composed of crystalline material-removing particles, are placed originally in Class 451, Abrading.
8. Classes related to flame or other heat-cutting.
In addition to the classes enumerated below, it will be noted that subclasses 18.1+ of Class 33, Geometrical Instruments, contained original patents for flame-cutting scribers, and that Class 65, Glass Manufacturing, subclass 113, provides for glass preform treating including flame severing, and subclasses 269+ provides for glassworking means including flame severing means.
a. The class of metal treatment.
Subclasses 194+ of Class 148, Metal Treatment, includes original patents for methods of flame-cutting metals.
b. The class of metallurgical apparatus.
Original patents for flame-cutting apparatus are collected in subclasses 48+ of Class 266, Metallurgical Apparatus. In addition, subclass 271 of Class 266 contains original patents for devices used for drilling or cutting taphole plugs of metallurgical furnaces.
c. The class of combustion.
Class 431, Combustion, contains original patents for a torch comprising a fluid fuel distributor and a feature which specializes it for producing a flame; e.g., pilot burner etc., or which depends on the heat generated by the flame to perform its function; e.g., vaporize fuel.
d. The class of electric heating.
Class 219, Electric Heating, includes original patents directed to methods or apparatus effective to sever, part, or burn or melt away, a portion of a workpiece without using a solid tool which engages and penetrates the work. Examples will be found in subclasses 68+.
e. The class of fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing.
Class 239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, includes original patents for fluid distributing nozzles or tips, per se, even though disclosed as burners.
9. Classes related to the cutting of metal.
In addition to the classes enumerated herein, attention is invited to the discussion of patents directed to improvements in the flame- or heat-cutting arts, contained in paragraph H, above.
a. The class of nail making.
Patents directed to apparatus for cutting nails to shape are found as originals in subclasses 157+ and 192+ of Class 470, Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and Apparatus.
b. The class of chain, staple, and horseshoe making.
Cutting machines disclosed as being useful in making such products are the subject of patents in subclass 29 of Class 59, Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making.
c. The class of tool making.
A patent for a cutting machine or process employed in the manufacture of a tool will be found, as an original copy, in Class 76, Metal Tools and Implements, Making, (e.g., in subclasses 12+, 28, 29, 30, 31+, 37+, 82+).
d. The class of wireworking.
Patents for methods of, or means for, cutting wire will be found, as original copies, in many subclasses of Class 140, Wireworking, particularly subclasses 58+, 66, and 67.
e. The class of type casting.
Original copies of patents for machines or processes for cutting cast type are included in subclass 59 of Class 199, Type Casting.
f. A patent directed to cutting metal (or other hard substance whose cutting is not the subject of a subclass is some other class) will be placed originally in one of the following classes, if not earlier placed on the basis of product (e.g., nails) according to the criteria expressed:
i. Class 408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, will take original patents to machines for making a hole, reducing the outside of a round workpiece, trepanning, screw threading either the outside or the inside of a tubular workpiece, as well as any other cutting operation by use of a tool turning about an axis and moving along that axis toward a workpiece; provided, there is no additional motion of the operating tool. Class 408 is intended to ultimately include all cutting in the manner provided in the definition of that class; however, not all classes have now been screened for art proper for Class 408. Included among the classes likely to include patents proper for Class 408 that have not been screened are Classes 82, 142, and 451.
ii. Class 82, Turning. Original patents for devices or processes for severing or cutting off work, wherein the cutting movements of tool and work relative to each other include (1) rotation of either or both about an axis passing through the work (except as provided for in Class 408) and (2) relative translation substantially normal to said axis, are in Class 82 as meeting the general concepts of "turning".
iii. Class 409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, includes original patents for a process and apparatus for shaping material, usually metal, by means of (1) a toothed rotary cutter to produce an article of desired configuration or (2) a nonrotary tool for making a series of comparatively light cuts or a series of such tools, between which tool(s) and the workpiece there is a relative reciprocatory movement in substantially a straight line. Generally, Class 409 is broad enough to take any patent for shaping by means of a toothed rotary cutter not provided for in Class 77 or Class 82. Included in Class 409, subclasses 288+, is a patent for a single edge cutter device which shapes work (e.g., grooving, shaving, slotting, or flash trimming) by means of relative movement between tool and work in one or more passes. See (1) Note under Class 409, subclass 288.
10. Classes related to the cutting of wood.
a. The class of coopering.
Patents for machines adapted to cut barrels, or staves therefor, will be found as original copies in many subclasses of Class 147.
b. Other patents whose claimed method or apparatus is disclosed as being directed to the cutting of wood will be placed originally in the proper woodworking class; Class 142, Wood Turning; Class 144, Woodworking (including pencil sharpening in subclasses 28.1+); or Class 30, Cutlery (including pencil sharpening implements in subclasses 451+); except for patents directed to veneer-web or -sheet clippers (including those intended to cut a layer to be laminated) which are placed in this class (83).
11. Classes related (in whole or in part) to cutting the earth or the fruits thereof in situ, or well tubing imbedded in the earth.
A patent directed to a machine or process for accomplishing any one of the above enumerated purposes will be placed in the appropriate earth exploring or exploiting, or agricultural, class. A list (not intended as exhaustive) of such classes follows: 37, Excavating; 47, Plant Husbandry; 56, Harvesters; 111, Planting; 166, Wells; 171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects; 172, Earth Working (e.g., subclasses 13-22); 175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth; 299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material.
12. Classes related to the cutting of plastic material, stone, or hard glass.
A patent directed to apparatus for cutting plastic, green ceramic or cementitious preformed material will be found as an original in Class 83 unless shaping other than by cutting is involved. See Class 65, Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for a process of, or apparatus for, cutting or scoring glass combined with glassworking or treating, and subclass 133 for a process of severing a stream of molten glass and also see the collection of search notes under subclasses 112 and 133; Class 125, Stone Working, for stone cutting; Class 264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, particularly subclasses 138+ for a process of plastic shaping by or with cutting; and Class 425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus, for means shaping or reshaping of plastic material combined with cutting means.
13. Classes related to the treatment, care, or handling of living animal (including human) bodies.
a. The class of surgery.
A patent directed to the cutting of a live animal body will be placed as an original copy in Class 128, Surgery.
b. The class of dentistry.
Original patents for devices for trimming plaster bases of dental models will be found in subclass 38 of Class 433, Dentistry.
c. The class of toilet.
Patents for cutting, scraping, or filing devices, disclosed as useful in manicure or pedicure operations, are placed originally in subclasses 75.4+ and 75.8 of Class 132.
d. The class of farriery.
The reference class (168), in subclass 48.1+, contains original patents to apparatus for sawing, milling, scraping, filing, or otherwise cutting animal hooves.
e. The class of fishing, trapping, and vermin destroying.
In addition to the typical fish hook and tackle therefor, the class of reference (43) contains patents for such cutting devices as spears and harpoons subclass 6 and impaling traps subclasses 77+.
14. Classes related to the preparation of food.
a. The class of butchery.
A patent directed to the cutting of the dead body of a
previously living creature, preparatory to its use as food, will be found in Class 452, Butchering. For instance, patents relating to fowl beheading, carcass splitting, or fish cutting are found, respectively, in subclasses 12, 23, or 53+ thereof.
b. Bakery and confectionery type foods.
A manipulative process of shaping edibles combined with preform severing is provided for in Class 99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclasses 450.1+ and 537+, whereas comparable apparatus is provided for in Class 425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses. Cutting of edible preforms, per se, is provided for by Class 83 whereas severing of same by tearing or breaking is provided for by Class 225.
c. Other classes of food cutting.
A patent directed to one of the following types of food cutting will be placed originally in the appropriate food preparation class: Class 99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, for a cutting device which is adapted to a peculiar characteristic of the food, or wherein the cutting device separates distinguishable portions of the food, (e.g., leafy top portion, seeds, core, skin portion, eyes, etc.).
15. Classes related to the working of leather, skins, or hides.
a. The class of leather working.
Class 69, Leather Manufactures, includes patents directed to means and processes for splitting, skiving, defleshing, whitening, or buffing of hides or leather, and for cutting, (per se), in the production of certain articles typical of the class (e.g., leather straps, the subject of patents in subclass 17 of Class 69).
b. The class of boot and shoe making.
Patents for cutting means or methods specialized or peculiarly adapted to operation upon footgear are placed originally in Class 12, Boot and Shoe Making, particularly subclasses 27, 28, 40, 41.05, 41.7, 46, 47, 47.1, 57.5+, 62, and 85+.
16. Textile classes.
a. The class of cloth finishing.
Subclasses 7+ of Class 26, Textiles: Cloth Finishing, constitutes the locus of original patents limited to apparatus or process for severing threads or fibers projecting from textile fabrics. Such patents may relate, for instance, to shearing or to the cutting of float threads, pile loops, or weft ends.
b. The class of fiber preparation.
Patents for "tow-to-top" staplizing machines or methods are placed originally in Class 19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation. The type of severance therein involved is that in which a bundle of filaments of indefinite length (termed "tow") is subjected to a treatment which reduces the individual filaments to staple length fibers without disrupting the continuity or integrity of the bundle (which, when emerging from the machine or processes, is known as "top"). In Class 83, on the other hand, are found patents for machines or processes for the reduction of isolated individual filaments to staple length fibers (for instance, Beria-type cutters) or for the disruptive reduction of filament bundles to such fibers, in both cases without further textile treatment.
c. The class of weaving.
Original copies of patents for cutting devices mounted on loom parts (e.g., temple mounted cutters) are found in subclasses 302+ of Class 139.
d. The class of sewing machines.
Patents for cutting devices disclosed as attached to sewing machines will be found, as original copies, in subclasses 45 and 285-301 of Class 112.
e. The class of apparel apparatus.
Means for trimming the bottoms of dresses or skirts, for trimming hat brims, or for cutting (e.g., clipping) the nap of hats comprise subject matter of patents in subclasses 1.1, 16, and 19 of Class 223.
f. The general class of textiles.
Subclass 144 of the class of reference (28, Textiles) contains original patents for machines for making chenille yarn by cutting a woven fabric.
17. Classes pertaining to the communications and information arts.
a. The class of typewriters.
Subclasses 127+ and 135+ of Class 400, Typewriting Machines, includes original copies of patents drawn to keyboard operated means for cutting intelligence-bearing indicia, as, for instance, stencil cutting, and to processes utilizing such means.
b. The class of printing.
Generally speaking, the recording of intelligence by cutting is proper subject matter for Class 101, Printing. More
particularly, individual cases of cutting machines or method may be tested for aptness to Class 101 by reference to the following statements:
i. A patent for a machine or process for cutting on or adjacent the printed or written matter on a document to prevent unauthorized or fraudulent alteration of such matter due to the proximity of the cut surfaces to the printed or written matter (e.g., check protecting) will be placed originally in Class 101, subclasses 3.1+.
ii. A patent for a machine or process for cutting work in the form of a character, a design, or a pattern which will impart information to an observer is proper for Class 101, subclasses 3.1+, if a cut is disclosed as extending only part way through the thickness of the work (e.g., embossing). If all of the cuts forming such character, design, or pattern are disclosed as extending all the way through the thickness of the work, the patent will be found in Class 83.
iii. If in addition to a cutting machine or process of this class (83) there is claimed a means or step peculiar to Class 101, (e.g., the application of ink to the cutting tool to additionally outline or mark an aperture made by the punch), such addition has been considered sufficient to place a patent directed to such combination in Class 101, subclasses 3.1+. This is in accordance with the general rule that a patent for a combination of cutting with another treatment of the work will be placed in the class of the other treatment. (See subsection B, Relationship to Other Treating Classes, below).
iv. An original patent claiming both the process and apparatus for the manufacture of stencils by cutting, or only such process, will be found in Class 101, subclass 128.4.
c. The class of recorders.
A process or apparatus which would be otherwise proper for Class 346, Recorders, will not be removed from the scope of that class merely by virtue of the fact that the recordation, as claimed, is accomplished by an incising or penetrating means or method step.
d. The class of registers.
Original patents directed to means for cutting or punching a record medium, in response to the results of the operation of a calculating machine or register, will be found in Class 235, Registers, particularly subclasses 58+ and 60.27+ (especially subclass 60.29).
e. The class of railway signaling.
Patents for apparatus which cuts or punches a record medium, in response to the operation of a block-signal system or of a cab signal or train control device, are placed originally in
subclasses 107 and 185 (respectively) of Class 246, Railway Switches and Signals.
f. The class of telegraphy.
A patent for a cutting device which is actuated by means responsive to a teles:graphically transmitted signal will be placed originally in Class 178, Telegraphy, those in subclass 92 being typical.
g. The class of binder devices releasably engaging aperture or notch of sheet.
A sheet binder device of that class (402) (i) in combination with a discrete sheet aperture forming device, which device perforates a sheet prior to placing the same on the retainer, (ii) including means to force a sheet upon the sheet retainer and (iii) including a sheet retainer which penetrates and inserts a pliant strand through a sheet will be found in subclasses 1, 7, and 25, respectively, of Class 402.
18. Receptacle classes.
a. The class of deposit and collection receptacles.
Patents claiming a ticket receiving and collection receptacle, with means to punch or cut tickets introduced into the receptacle, will be found placed originally in Class 232, Deposit and Collection Receptacles.
b. The class of special receptacles.
Patents for cigar- or tobacco-containing receptacles having an attached cutter are placed originally in Class 206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclasses 238+.
c. The class of paper receptacles.
Original patents for paper receptacles with attached means for opening a receptacle by cutting, tearing, or ripping will be found in subclasses 87.05, 200+, and 307 of Class 229, Envelopes, Wrappers, and Paperboard Boxes.
d. The class of metallic receptacles.
Subclasses 265+ of Class 220, Receptacles, includes original patents for general-utility receptacles with attached openers which function to open the receptacle by cutting part thereof.
19. Certain other classes distinguished by the nature or identity of work or product.
a. The class of tobacco.
Patents for machines which are disclosed as being specially adapted to the cutting of tobacco or cigars will be found, as
original copies, in subclasses 248+ and 281 of Class 131. (Patents for tobacco cutting machines of more general utility are placed originally in appropriate subclasses of Classes 30 and 83).
b. The class of button making.
Patented machines or processes for cutting button blanks are disclosed in subclasses 15 and 16 of Class 79.
c. The class of brush, broom, and mop making.
The class of reference (300) includes a subclass (17) restricted to the, per se, trimming of articles of the class. Most of the devices represented by patents therein operate to accomplish such trimming by cutting.
d. The class of wheelwright machines.
Patents directed to machines and processes for lacerating or buffing the exterior surface of vehicle tires are collected in subclass 13 of Class 157, Wheelwright Machines, except those claiming an abrading means or step, which latter are to be found in Class 451, Abrading.
e. The class of ships.
Patents for ships carrying means to cut or break ice are placed originally in subclasses 40-42 of Class 114.
f. The class of chemical manufacture and adhesive bonding of articles.
Class, 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, provides in subclasses 625+ for severing a workpiece by the action of a reactive or solvent fluid. It also provides for the combination of laminating and cutting in subclasses 250+ and 510+.
20. The class of geometrical instruments.
Subclasses 18.1+ of Class 33, Geometrical Instruments, include original patents for means for scoring or indenting a reference point, respectively.
B. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER TREATING CLASSES
1. This class is an elementary class and generally does not include patents claiming the combination of a cutting method or means with a process or apparatus for other treatment(s). Certain specific exceptions to this general rule exist, as follows:
a. Heating or cooling work and cutting same.
Subject matter of subclasses 15+ and 170.
b. Cleaning work and cutting same;
subject matter of subclass 168.
2. Means for, or steps of, performing certain other operations whose character as treating or nontreating operations, it is recognized, will vary with individual judgement also are included in patents of this class in claimed combination with cutting instrumentalities or steps, as follows:
a. Weighing the cut product in subclass 77.
b. Separating or assorting product in subclasses 102+
c. Applying a transient, nonpropellant fluid (e.g., lubricant or coolant) to work in subclasses 22 and 169.
d. Temporarily deforming work; in subclasses 17+, 175, and 176.
e. Unwinding material from, or supporting material on, a spool, beam, bobbin, or the like, for presentation to a cutting device for operation thereon; note particularly subclasses 649+. (The combination of a cutting machine and significantly claimed means for winding the product thereof is subject matter for Class 242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, as is the Combination of a winding machine and a means to cut the tail, extending from a package wound by such machine, from the source of material to be wound. See Class 242, subclasses 487.1+, 521, and 522+.
3. As to methods, the claimed recitation of a step of performing a treatment other than cutting will exclude a patent from original placement in this class, regardless of whether such treating step is claimed in detail.
4. In interpreting a claimed combination of cutting and noncutting treating means, a purely nominal recitation of the other (noncutting) treating means will not exclude an original patent from this class if all of the following conditions are met:
a. No means or instrumentality is claimed as being synchronized with the other treating means.
b. A single material handling means presents work to both such treating means; or, the means which presents material (as work) to a second treating means in line is the means which removes it (as product) from a first treating means in line.
c. No support or guide means is claimed as orienting or redirecting the material (work or product) between treating means.
C. RELATIONSHIP TO MATERIAL HANDLING CLASSES
1. Product handling means.
a. This class (83) receives original patents claiming significantly both a cutting tool of the class and means to separate or assort portions of the product resulting from the cutting operation. An original patent claiming such separating or assorting means in structural terms, and the cutting tool in nominal terms only, will be placed in Class 209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids.
b. Original patents drawn to the combination of cutting means of this class and product weighing means which does not govern the operation of the cutting means will be placed in this class (83) without regard to the degree of specificity with which the cutting means is claimed therein. If the weighing means is claimed as controlling a cutting device, which cutting device terminates feed or flow of material to the weighing means, a patent thereto is placed originally in Class 177, Weighing Scales.
c. As to other product handling devices (i.e., instrumentalities which effect or affect motion of the product of a cutting machine), the claimed combination of such device with a cutting machine constitutes subject matter for this class (83), regardless of the degree of specificity with which the cutting means is claimed.
2. Work handling means.
a. As between this class (83) and Classes 193, Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways; 198, Conveyors: Power-Driven; 212, Traversing Hoists; 414, Material or Article Handling; 226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length; 406, Conveyors: Fluid Current; and 271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering; the claimed recitation in purely nominal terms, of a cutting instrumentality with respect to which a work handling means may move or feed work will not of itself exclude placement of an original patent for such work handling means in the respective material handling class listed above. However, when such instrumentality is set forth with structural specificity, the claimed congregation of elements is properly placed with the work modifying instrumentality (class 83). For example: A claim reciting a structurally defined work handling means (not claimed as synchronized with a work modifying means), and a "work station" (or "tool station", or "work modifying means", or "tool", or "cutter", or "punch", or "knife", etc.) in so many words, is properly placed on the basis of the work handling means. A claim reciting a work handling means and, for instance, a work station including a "reciprocating tool element", or a "tapered tool", or a "round cutter", or a "rotary punch", is properly placed in the class of the specific tool set forth. The true test for proper placement in this class (83) is whether or not the combination of a tool and work-feed means is a significant tool-to-work-relationship. For further notes on this
relationship see (2) Note, under subclass 703 of this class (83) referring to Class 414.
c. Further, this class (83) receives original patents claiming a cutting tool (of the type provided for in the class) synchronized with or in power-transmitting driving relation with, a work handling means, regardless of whether such tool is claimed significantly or merely nominally.
3. Tool handling means.
Class 483 provides for a Class 83 cutting process or apparatus combined with tool changing.
D. RELATIONSHIP TO CLASS OF TOOL DRIVING OR IMPACTING
Class 173, Tool Driving or Impacting, provides for subject matter directed to driving or impacting a tool, when such subject matter includes combined features peculiar to tool driving, but which does not include features limiting the subject matter to a specific tool art such as specific shape of the work contacting portion of a tool, related tools, or an opposed work support. Class 83 has not been cleared as to subject matter in conflict with this line.
E. RELATIONSHIP TO THE CLASS OF WORK HOLDERS
This relationship is set forth in section II, Lines With Other Classes, of the class definition for Class 269.
F. STRUCTURE OF THE CLASS
1. A perusal of the first line or skeleton schedule of the class will reveal that the class is composed of a relatively small number of major subclass groups. Generally, in order of superiority, these major subclass groups provide search fields for:
a. a method including a step of cutting (subclasses 13-56).
b. noncyclic means to halt or prevent motion of a part or all of a cutting machine (subclasses 58-68).
c. means to monitor and control operation of a cutting machine (subclasses 72-76).
d. means to handle the product of a cutting operation (subclasses 78-166).
e. means to cut hollow work from the inside (subclasses 178-195).
f. means to cut work while cyclically halted (subclasses 202-283).
g. a flying cutter (subclasses 284-349).
h. a cutter (of a type other than those previously enumerated) synchronized with work moving means (subclasses 350-357).
i. a cutting machine with an appurtenance such as a clamp, work stop or gauge, work guide; firstly, synchronized with the tool cycle (subclasses 373-398), and secondly, not so synchronized (subclasses 438-468).
j. means to control the operation of a part (at least) of the machine in response to means to sense the work, product, or another part of the machine (subclasses 358-372, 399, 400).
k. a cutting machine having work moving means not claimed as synchronized with the tool cycle; providing for tool-station-type work moving means (subclasses 401 through 437.7).
l. a rotatable disc type cutting machine (subclasses 469-508).
m. means to produce or facilitate the cutting motion of a tool or tools (subclasses 513-519; 523-647).
n. a cutting tool, per se, or combined with its support (subclasses 651-699.61).
o. a method of, or means for, cutting other than all the way through the work thickness-wise, providing for scoring, skiving, and related operations (subclasses 6-12).
2. In addition, a limited number of groupings have been established on secondary bases of classification, to facilitate state-of-the-art searches. These subclasses, which contain no original patents are numbered from 901.
The following index is provided for convenience in locating certain elements or types of cutting machines according to keywords generally of art terminology. This index is not intended to be exhaustive.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for automation.
278 391+, 401+, 467.1, for back gage.
788 for band saw.
562 640, for beam dinker.
531 561, 658+, for bed block.
403 for beria-type cutter.
788 for chain saw.
182 206, 262, 282, 294, 319, 325, 375+, 409, 422, 452+, for clamp.
531 652+, for clicker die.
32 42+, 50, for core lamination making.
288 for crop cut.
638 643, 644, for draw cut.
425.2 for edge-cutter.
111 for ejector.
284 for flying cutter.
218 278, for four-motion feed.
572 573, for gag.
See back gage for gage
598 620+, for gang punch.
450 (also see clamp and stripper), for holddown.
915.3 for ice cutting.
102.1 for kerf spreading.
637 for leader pin.
305 for miscut.
746 for miter box.
237 916, 917, for nibble.
169 for oiler.
333 918, for pinkin.
See clamp and holddown for presser foot.
213 214, 255, 256, 519, 611, 622, 636, for progressive cutting.
616 for punch hammer.
703 for saw-mill dog.
401 for saw-mill feed.
830 835+, for saw-teeth.
923 for scrap cutter.
174 for sharpener (tool).
223 582+, for spring storage (cutter, punch).
111 for stripper.
637 for sub-press unit.
477 483+, for table saw.
353 483+, 614, for traveling cutter.

GLOSSARY:
ANVIL
A tool comprising a smooth-faced, imperforate member, the smooth face having the purpose of contacting the work and providing a reaction surface against which a relatively movable tool may abut in its work penetrating movement.
DETECTOR
A mechanism for sensing a physical property or characteristic of, or the presence or absence or passage of, the work or the product or a movable element of a machine; which mechanism effects a signal or impulse as a result of such sensing. The signal or impulse is sent through a transmitter, (see definition of "transmitter" below) and effects or initiates the functioning of a machine part or assembly controlled by the detector.
FLYING
Moving with the work material. The term "flying" means that the part so described has, at the time of cutting, a motion component in the direction of the work as it moves to and through the cutting station.
GUIDE
Passive means to direct the movement of something (e.g., work, product, machine part) in a desired path. (Note: although a guide may be movable for the purpose of adjustment, yet it accomplishes its directing function by presenting an obstacle to movement in an undesired direction, rather than by causing the directed thing or part to move with it).
NOTCHING
The cutting of a discrete product from a workpiece through the thickness of the workpiece with the line of cut starting at an edge of the workpiece and returning to the same edge. The edge of the workpiece may be either an exterior edge or an interior edge. A cut which extends solely along a single
straight line is not considered to be a notching cut.
PRODUCT
Material which has been treated by the cutting tool; the result of a cutting operation. (Note: material which is "product" for one cutting operation may be "work" for an ensuing operation).
PUNCHING
The cutting of a discrete product out of the confines of a workpiece through the thickness of the workpiece so that the cut does not intersect any edge (exterior or interior) of the workpiece.
SHEARING
Cutting effected by the relative motion of two cutting tools having edges which are initially on opposite sides of the work with the cutting taking place by one tool moving towards the other tool and the edge on the moving tool moving past and in close and overlapping relationship to the edge of the other tool.
TOOL
The instrumentality that contacts the work for effecting directly the operation of the class either by itself or by cooperation with another tool.
TOOL CYCLE
The elapsed time between, and all of the motion traced by the tool between, the time the tool leaves any particular datum point in its approach to (or recession from) the work until it again leaves that point in its next succeeding approach to (or recession from) the work, the location of such datum point for a series of recurring cycles being determined without giving significance to mere positioning movements of the tool with respect to the work (Note: positioning movements of the tool are considered to be part of the cycle of motions constituting the tool cycle, and the time they occupy is part of the span of the cycle. They are disregarded only for the purpose of establishing the datum point of one cycle with respect to that of a preceding or succeeding cycle).
TOOL PAIR
A plurality of tools, each having a work contacting portion, said portions being initially separated from each other and cooperating to effect cutting of the work when they have relative movement toward each other.
TOOL STROKE
The motion of the tool toward and into the work to effect a cut, and the motion of retraction of the tool from the product to its base position.
TOOL SUPPORT
An element connected to the tool for supporting it against gravity and that partakes of all of the movement of the tool and has no relative movement with respect to the tool except for purposes of adjustment.
TRANSMITTER
A system for sending the signal or impulse which has been effected by a detector (see definition of "detector" above) to a means for establishing (in response to receipt of such signal or impulse) a driving connection between a source of power and a machine part or assembly; or sending such signal or impulse to a mart or assembly directly (as by a linkage).
WORK
Article, material, or stuff to be treated (cut). (Compare "product").
WORK-FEED MEANS
An instrumentality for advancing work to the treating (cutting) zone.
WORK THICKNESS
In general, the least dimension along a substantially planar outer surface of work. As to hollow workpieces, the thickness dimension at an annular section is taken as the wall thickness; at a solid section, it is the thickness of the entire workpiece as though it were not hollow. The thickness dimension of a strand is defined as follows: (a) as to those of circular, triangular or elliptical cross-section, by any line passing through the strand from surface point to surface point, (b) as to those of other polygonal cross-section, by any line passing through the strand from one outer surface to a nonintersecting outer surface. As to spheres a line extending through the sphere from one point on the surface to another is deemed to define the thickness dimension. As to all other shapes of work pieces, thickness is not considered significant for the purpose of this classification.
Throughout the definitions of subclasses herein below, the appearance of an asterisk (*) will indicate a word or term which has been defined in this section. However, the words "product", "tool", and "work", defined in this section, occur so frequently in the subclass definitions, that the use of the asterisk in reference thereto has been omitted.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Method which includes a step of cutting.
(1) Note. A step of cutting, as herein applied, consists in moving a tool and work into contact with and relative to each other such that the tool moves entirely through the thickness of the work. Once the cut through the wall thickness has been achieved, then, an interruption of said relative movement, or of cutting contact extending throughout said wall thickness, shall be construed as a termination of said "step".
(2) Note. A special exception to the limitations expressed in these definitions (i.e., the limitations which require a moving tool and/or an edge backup member) exists in the case of wherein sound waves (e.g., supersonic sound) cause work to be cut through its thickness. Such a step will be proper for this class and this subclass as a process of cutting.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
701 for the corresponding apparatus.
861 and 866 through 880, for methods of cutting but generally not completely through work thickness.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 557 for process of shaping a one piece blank which includes a step of severing.
234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), 1 for a method of selective cutting.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process which includes a step, either before or during the cutting step, of performing an operation (other than a cutting operation) which changes the shape or state of the work, which change of shape or state facilitates the cutting.
(1) Note. The operation may either facilitate the operation of the tool upon the work or effect a necessary or desired change of shape of the work with respect to the tool.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass (14) are processes which recite a step of placing the work under tension or compression; however, applying such force for the purpose of merely immobilizing the work, as by clamping, has not been considered a treatment step to admit the patent to this subclass. Such patents are classified below on other steps of their method.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
451, Abrading, subclass 35 and 54+ for a process of abrading including ancillary treatment of work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Process which includes a step of increasing or decreasing the temperature of the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
170 for apparatus for modifying or controlling the temperature of the tool or work.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, 138 for molding or shaping processes within the class definition when combined with a cutting or severing step.
451, Abrading, subclass 33 and 53 for a process of abrading including temperature modification or control of work or abradant.

This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process in which the treatment is confined to a specific portion of the work, as by applying a heated tool on the line on which the separation is effected.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 260 for a process of burning a hole by means of electrically generated heat, and subclasses 69.1+ for a process of cutting by means of an electric arc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Process which includes a step of temporarily altering the shape or dimension of the work within the cutting zone and concurrently with the cutting operation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
175 and 176, for corresponding apparatus.

This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Process which includes a step of subjecting the work to forces which are directed away from each other (i.e., tensile forces) to elongate the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
175 for corresponding apparatus.

This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Process which includes a step of subjecting the work to forces directed toward each other, which forces density, reduces the volume, or reduces a dimension of the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Process which includes a step of bending the work by engaging the work with a tool so as to thereby distort or deform the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18 for a process of both stretching and flexing the work by contacting the work with a tool.
19 for a process of both compressing and flexing the work by contacting the work with a tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Process which includes a step of subjecting the work to bending forces which direct the work toward a tool so as to compel the work to assume the shape of the tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Process in which the treatment includes contacting the work with a fluid or gas.
(1) Note. This subclass includes methods of applying a lubricant to the tool or work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15 for process of heating or cooling by a fluid application.
17 for process of distorting the work by fluid pressure before or during the cutting step.
24 for process of subsequently handling the produce by fluid application.
53 for process of cutting by the direct application of fluid pressure to the work.
169 for corresponding apparatus.
402 for apparatus to move work by fluid current.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process which includes a step of manipulating a product resulting from the severing step.
(1) Note. Moving cut work between claimed cutting steps has been considered work-feeding rather than subsequent handling of a product; and patents thereto have been placed below on the basis of other steps.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for a method including the feeding of work from one tool station to another; and see the Notes thereto.
78 for corresponding apparatus.

This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Process in which the manipulation of the product is effected by contacting the product with a gas or liquid.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
98 for corresponding apparatus.
402 for apparatus to move work by fluid current.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, may include a nominal recitation of a supply or take-up coil (e.g., less than a support for such a coil or a cooperative relationship between a tension or exhaust detector* and reel driving or reel stopping means, etc.), subclass 7 for a process of or subclasses 97.1+ for apparatus using fluid current to advance the material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Process which includes a step of holding or replacing the product in the workpiece from which it was separated.
(1) Note. The retention or reinsertion is usually for the purpose of conveying the product away from the cutting station by means of the workpiece.
(2) Note. This subclass has been designated a collecting place for disclosures of methods of, and means for, retaining a product in position in a workpiece.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for apparatus for removing a reinserted product from cut work.
108 for apparatus for replacing a product in the workpiece from which it has been cut.

This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Process wherein the speed of product being delivered is increased with respect to that of the work being fed or with respect to the speed of an adjacent product piece.
(1) Note. Such process usually accomplishes the purpose of conveying the product away from the following work, or out of the path of a tool, or moving one product with respect to another product while both are moving away from the cutting zone.

This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Process which includes a step of moving one of a plurality of products with respect to the other.
(1) Note. The piece remaining in the cutting zone and unmoved after cutting has not been considered a product for purposes of this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102 for corresponding apparatus.

This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Process in which the work has an adhesive on one surface, which surface is adhered to a work holder to which the product remains adhered subsequent to the cutting step, and which includes a step of manipulating the support with the product adhered thereto.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
225, Severing by Tearing or Breaking, 23, for means to move tacky work to a tool station.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process which includes a step of assembling workpieces one upon another prior to the cutting step, and cutting the assembled workpieces.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process which includes a step of shaping an opening in the work, as by a sharp, pointed tool, so that no substantial amount of material is removed from the work; i.e., there is only one product.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
660 for a pointed perforating tool.
866 for a perforating device, or method, which does not produce, or result in, complete penetration of work.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 15.14 for a process of tapping a pipe or tank (e.g., gas main, water main, keg, etc.) having an aperture forming cutter or cutting tool.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 596 for metallic stock material having apertures; e.g., resulting from a puncturing operation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process which includes a step of positioning a wear preventing material between one tool of a tool pair and the work, and repositioning the material relative to both the tool and work between cutting steps.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
547 for corresponding apparatus.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process which includes a step of severing a plurality of products from a workpiece, each of which products has an interfitting portion which lies within a recess of the other product, the product portions which define the cooperating interfitting portions constituting the parts of the whole of a common area of the workpiece, and at least part of the separation being effected along the lines of the interfitting portions.
(1) Note. The mere longitudinal separation of a web of indefinite length into two or more ribbonlike products by means of an undulant cut, or the mere transverse separation of a product from a web of indefinite length by means of an undulant cut, is not considered sufficient to bring the patent within this subclass but will be found below in subclasses 48 and 56.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
48 for process of transversely separating products from the leading edge of the work by means of an undulant cut, and see (1) Note above.
56 for process of separating the work longitudinally by means of an undulant line of cut, and see (1) Note above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process which includes the steps of effecting a cut upon the work and then utilizing that cut (as by engaging the edges thereof) or orient, locate, or feed the work with respect to a tool, for a subsequent cut.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process which includes a step of shifting the tool intermediate successive cutting steps to rearrange or readjust the tool with respect to the work.
(1) Note. The mere movement of the tool toward and from the work in its normal cutting cycle has not been considered reorienting. The reorientation is superimposed upon the tool stroke, resulting in such additional movements as a change
from the previously normal path of the tool during the tool feeding cycle, and inversion of the tool, or an indexing of the tool.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
35 for process which includes reorienting the work between cuts.
215 for apparatus for imparting a plurality of motions to a tool during its cutting cycle.
556 for tool positioning means synchronized with the cutting stroke.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process which includes a step of shifting the work intermediate successive cutting steps to rearrange or readjust the work with respect to a tool or a cutting station.
(1) Note. The mere advancement of the work into the cutting zone has been considered feeding rather than reorienting. The reorientation is superimposed upon the work-feeding motion, resulting in such additional movements as: a change in the path of an established direction of feed, an inversion of the work, or a turning end-for-end of the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for process which includes reorienting the tool between cuts.
219 for apparatus for feeding the work in a plurality of directions.
249 for apparatus to facilitate a manual repositioning of the work between cuts.
256 for apparatus for changing the direction of work-feed between work stations.
404 for means to move work from one tool station to another.

This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Process wherein
the reorientation is effected with respect to the tool which has accomplished the earlier of the successive cutting steps.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process which includes a step of cutting while the work is moving through a cutting zone, which step includes moving the tool, at the time of cutting, in the direction the work is moving.
(1) Note. A method of slitting the work longitudinally of the direction of work movement by means of a rotatable disc tool has been excluded. Patents thereto will be found in subclass 56 below; whereas patents for slitting apparatus will be found in subclasses 426+.
(2) Note. Apparatus used to practice this process is usually called a flying cutter, patents to which will be found in subclasses 284+.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
42 for process of sequentially separating products from the leading edge of the work.
56 and see (1) Note above.
284 for corresponding apparatus.
426 and see (1) Note above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Process which includes a step of changing either the speed of the tool during a portion of its cyclic travel, (i.e., toward, from, or concurrent with, the moving work) or the speed of the work as it traverses the cutting zone.
(1) Note. Oscillating and reciprocating tools of necessity have a period of nonuniform rate of travel due to the reversals of direction. Since such tools inherently operate in this manner, patents for methods of operating them have not been included in this subclass and will be found in other subclasses indented under subclass 13. However, all patents for methods of operating unidirectionally moving rotary tools which start their cycle of movement from a position of rest have been placed here because of the difficulty
distinguishing between rotary tools which stop and those which merely slow down.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
238 for means to feed work unequally in recurring series.
313 for a flying cutter with means for cyclically varying the work-feed speed.
324 for a flying cutter with means for cyclically varying the tool speed of an orbitally moving tool.
617 for a tool having means to vary the force or speed of the tool stroke.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process which includes more than one cutting step as defined in (1) Note to subclass 13.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for process of reorienting a tool between cutting steps.
35 for process of reorienting the work between cutting steps.
213 for plural tools successively actuated at the same cutting station.
255 for plural tool stations of a subclass 202 type.
404 for means to move work between plural tool stations.

This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Process which includes a step of blanking, as defined in (1) Note to subclass 55, below; and further includes a step of making some other kind of cut.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for process of making a progressive cut by a series of blanking operations.
50 for process of repetitive blanking.

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Process in which a series of blanking steps is accompanied by a cutting step which connects the blanked out areas.

This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Process which includes the steps of feeding the work to and through a cutting station and making serial cuts each of which separates a product(s) from the advancing edge of the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for a process of repetitive transverse severing from the leading edge of the work while the work is moving through the cutting station.
202 for an apparatus for cutting the work during a dwell in the work-feed.
284 for a flying cutter which may sever work transversely.
350 for a cutter synchronized with moving work, which may sever work transversely.

This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Process in which a product is separated from a portion only of the transverse extent of such advancing edge of the work, and the remaining portion of the transverse extent is subsequently severed in the formation of one or more separate products.

This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Process which includes a step of cutting the work along a line generally parallel to the direction of work-feed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
408 for apparatus to accomplish the same purpose.

This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Process in which the longitudinal severing is accomplished by a series of cutting steps.

This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Process in which the longitudinal severing is along a side-to-side or wavy line of separation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for process of cutting transversely of the work combined with longitudinal severing along a zigzag or wavy line where the cuts make interdigitating products.
45 for the combination of transverse and longitudinal severing in which a zigzag or wavy line of longitudinal separation is effected by plural cuts.
48 for process of nonrectilinear transverse cutting to sever a product from the leading edge of the work.
56 for process of making a zigzag or wavy line of separation.
333 for a rotatable tool having an undulant cutting edge.

This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Process wherein the step of longitudinal cutting is made before that of transverse cutting in the severance of each product piece from the advancing edge of the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Process wherein the line of cutting produced by the serial cuts does not define a straight line path.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for process of cutting interdigitating products.
46 for process of making a nonrectilinear longitudinal cut and a transverse cut.
56 for process of making a continuing line of cut which may be undulant.
410 for a work carrier guided in a nonrectilinear path, thus effecting a nonrectilinear cut.

This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Process which includes making a continuing line of cut by a series of cutting steps.
(1) Note. The successive cuts may be effected by a single tool or by a plurality of tools mounted on a single carrier.
(2) Note. A cutting step is defined in (1) Note to subclass 13.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for process of effecting a progressive cut in increments during a single cutting step.
56 for process of making a continuing line of cut by a single step.
332 for apparatus including a segmented disc slitting or slotting tool effecting a progressive cut on moving work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Process which includes a plurality of blanking steps as defined in (1) Note to the definition of subclass 55.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for process of cutting interdigitating products by repetitive blanking steps.
34 for process of repetitive blanking wherein the tool is reoriented between cuts.
35 for process of repetitive blanking wherein the work is reoriented between cuts.
40 for process of blanking and cutting.
41 for process of blanking out a plurality of holes in a workpiece and cutting to join the holes.
45 for process of progressive slotting which comprises a series of blanking operations.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process in which plural cutting tools penetrate work disposed between them and meet in cutting engagement interiorly of the work.
(1) Note. Included are patents for process of "nipping".

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
566 600, and 623, for structure wherein each of two tools of a tool pair moves toward the other

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process which includes a step of making in a single cutting step, either (a) two or more cuts differing in kind (e.g., cut, slit, punch) or (b) similar cuts effected serially and overlapping in time.
(1) Note. See (1) Note to subclass 13 for the definition of a cutting step.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40 for process of blanking and cutting in two or more steps.
49 for process of making a single continuous cut
progressively through the work by a plurality of cutting steps.
56 for process of making a continuous cut by a single cutting step.
513 for plural tools with individually actuated tool supports, and particularly subclass 519 for successively acting tools, and subclass 518 for diverse tools.
554 for means driving a tool through plural steps in cutting strokes.
688 for a punch having spaced, successively operating, portions.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process which includes the step of cutting solely by contacting the work with a pressure medium which conforms to the configuration of a passive supporting tool, on or against which the work is supported.
(1) Note. The pressure medium may be liquid, gaseous or of a readily yieldable material such as rubber.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
177 for corresponding apparatus.
431 for means (which may be fluent means) to force work upon tool.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
451, Abrading, 28 for a process of severing by abrading.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process which includes a step of severing a cup, tube or the like.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
178 for cutting apparatus which includes a tool within hollow work.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
82, Turning, subclass 47 for process of cutting hollow work while effecting relative rotary movement about an axis passing through the work, and subclass 82 for corresponding apparatus.
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 15.14 for a process of tapping a pipe or tank (e.g., gas main, water main, keg, etc.) having an aperture forming cutter or cutting tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process which includes a step of blanking.
(1) Note. Blanking is defined as separating a product from within the confines of the work so that not more than one of the edges of the product is an edge of the workpiece, or so that less than 1/2 of the circumference of a curved product is a part of the circumference of initially curved work. Mere serration does not in itself comprise more than "one edge" of the workpiece.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40 for the combination of blanking and cutting steps.
49 for process of progressive slotting which comprises a series of blanking operations.
50 for process of repetitive blanking.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 577 for metallic blanks not elsewhere provided for.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Process which includes a step of making a continuous cut which extends through the work thickness wise and which proceeds in a direction toward or from one edge of the work, which may be a leading or trailing edge.
(1) Note. Included are processes of "drawcutting" and "slitting".

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for process of progressively cutting longitudinally of the work combined with transverse severing from the leading edge of the work.
49 for process of making a progressive cut by a plurality of cutting steps.
52 for process of progressive cutting effected in increments during a single cutting step.
341 for progressive transverse "flying" cutter.
425 for means to move work past a fixed-type slitting cutter.
483 for means to carry a rotatable disc-type tool across work.
611 for a progressively cutting oscillating cutter.
614 and 636, for a progressively cutting reciprocating cutter.
642 for "draw-cut" mechanism.
689 for a progressively cutting punch.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
225, Severing by Tearing or Breaking, subclass 3 for process of breaking or tearing longitudinally of the direction of work-feed.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device which comprises means, actuatable by force applied by and at the will of an operative, to override the normal cyclic functioning of a part(s) of the device, which part(s) returns to normal functioning when the application of the intervening force ceases.
(1) Note. The disturbance referred to is temporary and exists only during the application of force by an operative. (Example: A machine, set to cut products of a given size, is controlled by a pushbutton to cut small pieces for sampling purposes).
(2) Note. The disturbance herein contemplated does not embrace stopping. For disclosures, of noncyclic stopping means, see subclasses 58+; and, for cyclic stopping means, see other appropriate subclasses whose titles include the
work "stopping" or equivalent term (e.g., subclasses 202+).
(3) Note. Adjustment of a device establishes a new condition which persists indefinitely, and is thus distinguishable from a "disturbance" which permits the disturbed part to return to the previous condition upon withdrawal of the intervening force.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
68 for manually caused stopping of a machine or a part thereof.
232 for tool actuating means adapted to be struck by a mechanical part, which means might be urged manually to cause tool operation at will.
252 for supplemental manual work-feed means.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device provided with means capable of bringing any or all of the moving parts of the device to a halt, such means acting to accomplish its halting effect in response to a signal or impulse which cannot be predicted to occur during any particular one of a number of recurring cycles of operation (either of the machine as a whole, of the tool, or of any part of the machine which has a cyclic law of operation).
(1) Note. Such means may comprise, for example, a device effective to disrupt the flow of power to a part or all of the machine, as by effecting the disconnection of the parts of a clutch.
(2) Note. It is not a bar to original placement of a patent in this subclass, that the claimed power train disrupting, braking or other "stopping" means may be activated at a time when the part to be halted is, purely adventitiously, at a standstill due to its normal cyclic operation.
(3) Note. If, however, the normal and intended operation of power disrupting, friction gripping, or other motion preventing means, is to forestall the impending start of movement or activation of a part of the device, then the motion preventing means is regarded as an interlock and its claimed combination with an instrumentality of a cutting machine is found in subclasses 399+, below.
(4) Note. If the normal and intended operation of power disrupting means is to forestall or prevent future movement of a tool or tool support by disrupting its power-transmitting connection to an uninterruptedly moving
tool-actuating mechanism, the claimed combination of the power-disrupting means with the tool support and tool actuating mechanism is found in subclasses 572+, indented under subclass 571 in this schedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 for manually caused disturbance (i.e., temporary change) of cyclic operation.
69 for stopping means effective on completion of a predetermined number of cutting cycles.
70 for delayed stopping after cessation of cyclic operation.
571 for devices which disables a tool without bringing to a halt any moving part other than the tool or its support; see (4) Note above.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, 1, for a stopping feature in a metal-deforming machine.
100, Presses, subclasses 341-352 for a press having a safety control.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, appropriate subclasses, for stopping means in general; and subclass 134 for a device applicable to a punch press which is peculiarly designed to stop machine operation in response to detection of the unauthorized presence of a part of an operative's body.
234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), 30 for a selective cutting device provided with randomly actuated stopping means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Device provided with means which may be actuated manually to thereby cause at least a portion of the device to go through its normal cyclic motions after the stopping has been effectuated.

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Device provided with means whereby the signal or impulse also brings into
action means to bring the work into cutting engagement with another cutter or to cause such other cutter to engage and cut the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Device wherein the signal or impulse is generated by a detector* for either (a) a product of the cutting operation, or (b) means to accomplish direct, or otherwise affect movement of such product.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 for means to otherwise control a machine by monitoring a product.
78 for a product handling feature in a cutting machine environment.
358 for the control of an operation by means responsive to product.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, appropriate subclasses for different types of conveyors or systems of plural conveyors having operation control means responsive to a condition of a conveyor or to a condition of the conveyed load.

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Device in which the signal or impulse is generated by a detector* which directly or indirectly senses a condition or location of the tool or of the work-moving means.
(1) Note. The direct contact of the detector with the tool or work-moving means may be that which occurs in the normal, uninterrupted operation of the device, in which case the signal for stopping is generated by failure of the detector to make such direct contact.

This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Device in which the detector* senses a condition or a location of the tool*.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are broken tool alarms and safety devices.

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Device in which the signal or impulse is generated by a detector* for the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for product handling means initiated by means responsive to work.
209 211+, 286+, for operation controlled by means responsive to work in cyclically operated cutting machines.
360 for operation controlled by means responsive to work, in cutting machines in general.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 43 for material responsive control means for stopping the operation of feeding means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Device in which the detector contacts a portion of the work moving in a bent or arcuate path.

This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Device in which a portion of the work normally moves in a predetermined bent or arcuate path, or in any one of a number of possible bent or arcuate paths in a zone whose limits are defined by two such paths, and the signal is generated upon departure of the work from the predetermined path or zone.

This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Device in which the detector is under the influence of gravity or any other force which tends to keep it constantly in contact with the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for a device in which the detector is supported on or urged into contact with buckled work.
360 for specific types of work responsive means; and see the Notes thereto.

This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Device in which the detector is elastically urged into contact with the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Device wherein the impulse or signal which brings about or initiates the stoppage is entirely a product of the will of an operative.
(1) Note. This subclass excludes means for halting a machine part solely by the application of braking force, or the interposition of blocking means, in a yieldable drive train. Examples of such excluded subject matter may be found in the patents of subclass 593.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 for manually actuated device which disturbs cyclic operation, rather than starts of stop a cyclic cutting operation.
571 for disconnecting means between tool and tool actuator, as for changing a machine set-up, and subclasses 572+, indented thereunder, for means capable of connecting or disconnecting a tool, or tool and its support, to or from an actuating element while the latter is in motion (i.e., "gag" or "gag block"), and see (4) Note under subclass 58, above.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including means to bring one or more parts to a halt after a tool has carried out a fixed (but not necessarily unalterable) plurality of tool cycles*.
(1) Note. Where the part stopped is a cutter, the tool cycle of reference is the cycle of such cutter itself, not that of another cutter operating on a different cycle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for a device which includes means for stopping upon completion of formation of a stack of products of predetermined size.
203 for a cutting machine in which the operative relationship between the work-feed means and tool actuating means thereof is interrupted, once for every cutting cycle, by the stoppage of a part or parts, so that the intervention of human will is necessary to restore such interrelationship and bring about another cutting cycle.
524 for unicyclic cutting machines (other than subclass-203 type).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), subclass 21 for means to stop a selective cutting machine after a given number of operations.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device which includes means effective to bring a part or all of the device to a halt upon the lapse of a certain limited period of time subsequent to the termination of feeding and cutting operations.
(1) Note. Examples are the tape "run-out" devices on message-handling tape punches.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), 59 for a pattern-controlled selective cutting machine.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus, each of whose parts has a desired operating condition according to a law of operation; such apparatus being provided with a detector for sensing a deviation of a part(s) (or all of the apparatus) from its or their desired operating condition; and including means to modify - in response to a signal or impulse transmitted by said detector - (a) the cyclical operation of such part(s) (or the entire apparatus) to correct the deviated operating condition; and/or, (b) the normal cyclical operation of another part(s) to compensate for the deviated condition; whereby, in either event, the maintenance of a normal cyclical desired operating condition of the apparatus as a whole is achieved.
(1) Note. The sensing or detecting may be direct; i.e., by determining the operation of a component of the device (as, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 2,175,828, wherein a driven feed roller is coupled to a roller-speed detector); or may be indirect, i.e., by determining the result of the operation of a component of the device (as, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 1,961,538, wherein work is moved by feed rollers, indicia on the work are scanned stroboscopically to detect any variations in work speed imparted by the feed rollers, and such speed variations are eliminated by correcting the feed roller speed).
(2) Note. Merely stopping or starting a cyclic component of the device to effect the functioning thereof is not considered to be modifying the operation of a component. However, a regulating means, which accomplishes such modification of a cyclic operation, may itself be started or stopped (to effect the cyclic operation), in response to the detection of a deviation in the desired condition. (See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 2,023,243, wherein the leading edge of the work initiates the actuation of a regulating means, which means compares the position and speed of the entering work relative to the angular position and speed of a flying cutter and modifies the angular position of the cutter to compensate for the entrance timing of the work).
(3) Note. The imposition of a change upon a component by an operator (e.g., physical relocation of a component) is not considered a deviation within the meaning of the definition above. Thus, patents claiming means for detecting operator-imposed changes, and means to vary the operation of the device in response to detection of such changes, will be found in other subclasses; e.g., subclasses 399+, below.
(4) Note. Detection of an irregularity in the work, which irregularity is not the result of a deviation in the desired operation, but is a part of the work, is not considered a
deviation detection within the meaning of the definition above. Thus, devices claiming means to detect such irregularities and means to vary the operation of a cutting device in response to the detecting means, will be found in other subclasses; e.g., subclasses 360+, below.
(5) Note. For Search Note relating to other Control Functions, see the Notes in subclass 399, below.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, 10 for means to sense material and control the operation of material feeding means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device in which a deviation in the operating condition of the device is indicated indirectly by the means to detect or sense the product.

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device in which the means to vary the cyclic operation effects a revision in the operating condition of the component whose deviation is detected or sensed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Device in which the means to vary the cyclic operation also effects a revision in the operating condition of a component different from the component whose deviation is detected or sensed.

Optimizing product from unique workpiece:
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Device including means to compare the work, the desired product and the stored data to better utilize that particular piece of
work to produce more or better product.

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device in which the detecting means senses the speed or position of the work and in which the means to vary the cyclic operation effects a revision in the speed of a cutting tool in response to the detected speed or position of the work.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, appropriate subclasses for different types of conveyors or systems of plural conveyors having operation control means responsive to a condition of a conveyor or to a condition of the conveyed load.

WITH CONTROL MEANS RESPONSIVE TO REPLACEABLE OR SELECTABLE INFORMATION PROGRAM:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device provided with memory means, i.e., a member in which digital or analog data can be impressed for subsequent recall, and including means to detect the data on the memory means and accordingly regulate the operation of the device.
(1) Note. The "memory" means of this subclass may comprise permanently installed structure of the device or it may comprise a removable tape or card.
(2) Note. A templet, per se, is not considered to be a replaceable information supply; however, a device including a templet from which information is retrieved and stored in the device is included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
399 for a cutting machine with a portion thereof controlled by a remote member and see the Search Notes thereunder for a comprehensive listing of subclasses in this class including "control" features.
565 for a cutting machine of this class type including means to drive or guide the tool with a templet surface following tool.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclass 7 for analogous "pattern"
sensing means which controls a metal deforming device.
234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), 59 for a pattern controlled selective cutting machine.

For cutting component of animal; e.g., hair clipper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.1. Device particularly adapted to severing a portion of an animal, either living or dead.
(1) Note. Included herein is a hair clipping (or wool shearing) machine on which an animal is placed, having a control means responsive to replaceable or selectable information program which guides the cutter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13 for the method of cutting hair, or for the method of shearing a sheep.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, 196 for randomly manipulated hair clippers, generally.

Removable element carries program:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.1. Device wherein the member on which the replaceable data is impressed is physically detachable from the device.

Indeterminate length, web or strand:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.3. Device wherein the removable member on which replaceable data is stored is generally elongated and wherein the device either engages no end of the removable member or engages only the leading or trailing end thereof.
(1) Note. The replaceable member may be endless, or it may be wound on a spool.

Magnetic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.4. Device wherein the magnetic characteristics of the removable member are utilized in storing data thereon.

Arithmetically determined program:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.1. Device wherein the memory means can be impressed for subsequent recall only by digital data.

With condition sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.6. Device including means to detect a characteristic other than that of the "memory".
(1) Note. The condition sensor of this subclass may respond to work, product, a component of the device, or to the environment.

Responsive to work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.7. Device including means to detect the material to be cut before the cutting action takes place.

With operator input means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76.6. Device also having means to alter the operation thereof (without changing the program) at the control of the person operating the device.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device having means to determine the weight of a piece or portion of the cut product.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, appropriate subclasses for the combination of a cutting machine and a weighing scale which received material cut or to be cut by the cutting machine, characterized by means for actuating, or modifying the operation of, the cutting machine in response to determination of the weight of material accumulated on the weighing scale; and 60 for weigh chamber responsive material control.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 504 for a conveyor having load weighing means.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means to move, guide, or otherwise affect the motion of, the product of a cutting operation - other than by the mere provision of a receptacle or support into or onto which product may descend at random (i.e., without necessarily assuming any regular arrangement).
(1) Note. A cutting machine including such receptacle or support for receiving product in random arrangement constitutes subject matter of subclass 167, below.
(2) Note. The handling given recognition by this and indented subclasses is additional to that which inherently is accomplished by the tool(s) in the cutting operation. A tool, qua tool, is therefore not to be considered a product handling means. But a specific element fixed to, or a portion integral with, a tool will be recognized as a product handling means if there is a clear teaching, in the disclosure of the device, that the element or portion performs a product handling function.
(3) Note. Inasmuch as many work moving means of the cutting arts also function to carry away the product of the cutting operation, a patent whose only claimed means capable of product handling is a device for moving, guiding, supporting, or stopping motion of, work will not be placed originally in this subclass unless such work handling device is claimed in terms of its specific product handling function. (Of course, a patent claiming work handling means in combination with additional means to give the work handling means a product handling effect - such as means to tilt a work table to
effect product sliding - will be placed originally in this or an indented subclass).
(4) Note. For the purpose of original placement in this classification, a means to handle the product of one of a claimed series of tool stations, while proceeding from such one station to a succeeding station, will be considered a work handling means for the succeeding station rather than a product handling means for the earlier station. (Disclosures of such means may be placed as cross-reference copies in this or indented subclasses, where deemed pertinent).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23 for method of cutting and subsequently handling the product.
77 for a device under the class definition combined with means to weigh the cut product.
167 for a device under the class definition combined with a receptacle or support for the cut product; and see (1) Note, above.
404 for a device including means to move work between successive tool stations.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 339.1 for a conveyor arranged to facilitate working on the conveyed load at a work station, and subclasses 373+ for a conveyor having means for changing the attitude of the conveyed load relative to the conveying direction.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 487.1 and particularly subclasses 522+ and 911 for cutting a product which is subsequently wound classified along this line: Patents which claim a device for cutting material and for winding are placed in Class 242 whereas patents which claim a device for cutting material supplied from a wound source, or in which disclosed structure for winding a cut product is not significantly claimed are placed in Class 83 or related Class 225 (Severing by Tearing or Breaking).
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, 278 for a device for removing individual sheets to some determined position (where no means to treat the sheet is claimed specifically).
414, Material or Article Handling, appropriate subclasses, for an instrument or mechanism for placing or displacing articles in a particular manner, as in stacks or piles; also for a carrier or forwarding mechanism of general type combined with special means for placing the load on the carrier or removing it therefrom (where no means to treat the material is claimed specifically).

This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Device including a detector* for sensing product or work, a transmitter*, and means to effect or initiate product handling or delivery as a direct or indirect result of the receipt by said means of a detected and transmitted signal or impulse.
(1) Note. As between Classes 83 and 209, patents claiming significant assorting of the work for, or the product of, a disclosed cutting device will be placed as an original copy in Class 209 unless the cutting device also is claimed significantly, in which latter case the original copy will be placed in this class (class 83).
(2) Note. Included in this subclass are patents disclosing the sensing of product and the initiation of product handling responsive thereto, whereas subclass 80 (indented hereunder) is the repository for patents disclosing product handling responsive to work sensing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
360 for means to initiate an operation, other than product handling, controlled by product sensing or work-sensing means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, appropriate subclasses for different types of conveyors or systems of plural conveyors having operation control means responsive to a condition of a conveyor or to a condition of the conveyed load.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Device in which the detector senses work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Device including a detector* for sensing the presence of a moving tool, or of an element partaking of all tool motions, at a
predetermined point in the path of motion of said tool or element; and including a transmitter* and means to effect or initiate product handling or delivery as a direct or indirect result of the receipt by said means of a detected and transmitted signal or impulse.

This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Device in which the detector acts to sense the retraction of the tool from the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Device which comprises, as part at least of the product handling means, or is additionally provided with, means adapted to receive and support the cut product with the ends of the product depending downwardly on opposite sides of the support means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Device which includes structure for placing or retaining product pieces in some regular order relative to, and in contact with, one another.
(1) Note. Included in this group of subclasses are patents which disclose that elongated product pieces are arranged in substantial parallelism or that flat product pieces are arranged sequentially in face-to-face contact.
(2) Note. As indicated by the subclass definition, a patent claiming a receptacle or support which is disclosed as serving to receive and retain the product pieces in an orderly arrangement will be included in this group of subclasses. However, where there is no teaching that the product pieces are placed or held in the receptacle or on the support in some regular order the patent will be placed in subclass 167, below.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
414, Material or Article Handling, 6 for a device adapted to arrange articles in special relation to each other in a pile
or stack.

This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Device which has means to place together, or retain, a plurality of similar nonplanar cut pieces in sequential interfitting order, with at least a portion of one piece located within, and in contact with, a mating hollow portion of the next adjacent piece.

This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Device which has means to place together, or to receive and retain, a multiplicity of substantially planar-faced cut pieces in sequential face-contacting relation, supported one on another or edgewise on a common base.
(1) Note. A stack or pack is formed by superposition or juxtaposition of the pieces thicknesswise. Herein, and in the indented subclasses, the term "stack" will be used to designate the concepts generally included in both the terms "stack" and "pack".
(2) Note. Such stack need not be static but may be in motion, such as one which is continually diminished at one end and replenished at the other end.
(3) Note. A patent disclosing a device which includes a mere product-conforming cavity in a hollow tool or in the tool and its support, though it inherently holds the pieces in stack formation, is not included in this group of subclasses (86+) but is placed on the basis of other features. However, a stack holding means which communicates with such tool or its support, or which is incorporated as an added element within the tool or its support, its proper subject matter for this group.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
164 for a hollow tool having a product diverting conduit within it or extending therefrom which does not include a stack holding means within the definition of subclass 86.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, 207 for a sheet delivery device having means for receiving and retaining the sheets in
stacked or packed relation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Device including means to support product pieces, individually or in stacks, in spaced relationship in substantially parallel planes so that an edge of one such piece or stack is above the adjacent edge of the next or adjacent piece or stack, and including stacking means which moves along the support means for engaging the pieces or stacks sequentially and moving them into superposed stacked relation with each other.

This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Device including means to arrange a series of cut pieces on a product-moving support so that each piece of the series rests partly in contact with the support and partly on an adjacent piece.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are patents disclosing apparatus as above defined and further including means to place additional cut pieces on the overlapped series.

This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Device including means to move one or more product pieces from a stack, or to cause product pieces to proceed, or be directed to, a stack, and other product pieces to proceed or be guided in another direction (as, for instance, but not necessarily, to another stack).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102 for a device under the class definition which includes means to divert one portion of product from another, but without means to stack the product pieces.

This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Device which is effective in itself to move, or is provided with additional means for moving, a formed stack of product pieces as a unit.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
89 for a device including means to move a portion of a stack of product pieces from the stack.

This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Device in which the bodily movement of the stack is accomplished by moving the support on which the pieces are received to form the stack.

This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Device in which means is provided to move the support progressively broadside away from the source of product pieces as product pieces are added to the stack.
(1) Note. A typical device of this kind operates to keep the product receiving end of the stack at all times in the same position with respect to the source of pieces for the stack.

This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Device including means to vary the progressive broadside movement of the product, which means is operatively linked to the mechanism which adjusts the extent that a work-feeding device moves between each cutting cycle.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are devices having means to vary the thickness of product pieces being cut, which means effects the adjustment of the movement of the product holder to compensate for such variance in thickness.

This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Device which includes means to oppose broadside movement of the stick away from the source of product pieces as product pieces are added to the stack.
(1) Note. Devices including a receptacle telescoped over a stack holder or guide in which the receptacle is moved by the growing stack are typical of the art of this subclass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Device including means to move or guide cut product pieces singly to a means for supporting a plurality of the pieces in stacked relation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Device in which the stack holder is provided with a rod-like projection which is introduced into an aperture in each product piece so as to hold the pieces in stacked relation, the aperture being either preformed or formed by the projection upon placement of the piece thereon.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
402, Binder Device Releasably Engaging Aperture or Notch of Sheet, subclass 1, for a sheet binder device of that class which includes in combination, an impaling type sheet retainer and a discrete sheet aperture forming device, which device perforates a sheet prior to placing the same on the retainer; subclass 7 for such device including an impaling type sheet retainer which penetrates and inserts a pliant strand through a sheet surface, and subclass 25, for a sheet binder device including an impaling type sheet retainer including means to force a sheet upon the sheet retainer.
414, Material or Article Handling, 1 for a device having a projection engaged in the apertures of a series of articles for holding the articles in stacked relation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Device which functions to engage a piece of cut work on its surface of greatest area and move it in a direction perpendicular to that surface into face-contacting relation with a previously cut piece.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
97 for means to hold a stack of product pieces which may be discharged broadside from within a hollow cutter but not by means to deliver individual pieces.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, subclass 83 for oscillatory fly means to deliver a sheet to a stack.

This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Device in which the stack is formed by means which receives pieces, formed by a tool having a cavity or aperture and a continuous cutting edge bounding the open end of said cavity or aperture, after the pieces have left the confines of the tool.
(1) Note. The stack former may be claimed in some general term such as "a chute"; but if, as disclosed, it actually forms a stack, a patent therefor is placed here regardless of the breadth commonly assigned to the name applied to such stack former.
(2) Note. For the distinction between this subclass and subclass 164, below, see (3) Note under the definition of subclass 86 above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Device which effects movement of product directly by means of one or more jets or streams of liquid or gaseous material.
(1) Note. The pressure of the fluid current may be superatmospheric or subatmospheric.
(2) Note. Fluid pressure means (blast or vacuum) which function merely to push or pull product into contact with a
mechanical product-moving or product-braking means do not constitute subject matter for this subclass. Original patents claiming such fluid blast devices will be placed in the subclass based on the nature either of the mechanical product-moving means or the mechanical product-braking means.
(3) Note. The Notes under the definition of subclass 402, below, include a comprehensive listing of subclasses in this class and in other classes which deal with material handling by fluid current.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152 for a product-moving means with suction means for pressing product to the moving means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 428, 438, and 493 for a power-driven conveyor combined with means for impinging fluid on the conveyed load.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, 97.1 for means to advance material by fluid current.

This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Device comprising a number of fluid jets each of which impinges upon a separate, independent, unitary part of the product resulting from the completion of one cutting cycle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Device including means to produce a zone of subatmospheric pressure so related spatially to the cutting zone or product path that the product will move under the influence of atmospheric pressure toward or through said zone of subatmospheric pressure.
(1) Note. See (2) Note and the search subclass note under the definition of subclass 98 above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Device in which movement of the product is effected by frictional engagement with bristles mounted on a backing having relative motion with respect to the product.

This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Device including means for accomplishing one of the following functions:
causing contiguous (either touching or adjacent) products which have been traveling along parallel paths to now travel in diverging directions; or preventing their paths from merging or overlapping;
(b) causing, or permitting, product pieces which have been proceeding seriatim along a common path to now follow respective discrete and individual paths;
(c) causing, or permitting, one or more product pieces to follow a path away from the zone of separation while restraining one or more pieces from proceeding away from the zone of separation (i.e., holding one piece back while another moves away);
(d) dividing a moving group of products into smaller groups (or units) traveling in the same direction of general path as that before division; or
(e) positively moving products from the zone of separation in different directions.
(1) Note. Such separation must be additional to that inherently accomplished by the tool(s) in the act of cutting.
(2) Note. The removal (or facilitation of removal) of one product portion from the as-cut position, while leaving the portion from which it has been cut in the cutting zone to serve as work for a succeeding cut by the same tool, is not considered to be separation.
(3) Note. The separation signalized by this subclass is distinct from that brought about by means for moving a product from contacting engagement with a tool (such as stripping or ejecting means). So, the movement of product out of contact with a tool, even though it may involve a motion away from another product portion, is not considered a separation for the purpose of patent placement in this and indented subclasses.
(4) Note. On the other hand, a product portion which has been subjected to the action of a stripper- or ejector-type means (as defined in subclass 111) is not considered (for the purpose of this classification) to be closely adjacent to other product portions from which the stripper or ejector has moved it apart, so that a further movement of the portions in different directions will not be deemed to be a separation. (A positive teaching that a stripper or ejector places a product portion in actual contact with another portion, however, will not be ignored). For patents claiming means to strip or eject a product portion and thereafter convey it away, see subclass 112.
(5) Note. The combination with cutting, of separation accomplished in response to a sensing of a physical characteristic of the pieces to be separated (such as quality separation), is provided for in subclass 79.
(6) Note. Merely allowing pieces to fall freely from a common height or place of departure is not considered to permit them to travel in substantially different directions. But diverting guides which cause certain of the so dropped pieces to travel in one path and others to follow a different path constitute separating means.
(7) Note. Since this subclass is specific to that of produce, (i.e., cut work) handling, which requires the operation of motion-affecting means additional to the work-feeding means, at least one of the separated product portions must be directed to its destination by means other than the work moving means.
(8) Note. Although separation inherent in a cutting operation (e.g., the removal of certain product pieces through a hollow cutter) is not sufficient to place here a patent disclosing such, a patent directed to product separating means carried by a cutter is proper for this and indented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for a method of cutting including a step of product separation.
79 for means to separate product portions responsive to detection of a product characteristic; and see (5) Note above.
89 for a cutter combined with means to divide a stack of pieces resulting from the cutting operation.
98 for product separating means employing a fluid current.
101 for product separating means including a product-engaging brush.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 348 for a system of plural conveyors having selectable plural sources or destinations for the conveyed load, subclasses 418+ for a system of plural conveyors having means for establishing and moving a group of items, and subclasses 434+ for a system of plural conveyors having means for arranging or rearranging a stream, or streams, of items.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, appropriate subclasses, for a product separating means, per se; and see (1) Note to subclass 79 above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device in which a kerf* entering means engages the contiguous sides of the work to prevent their paths from merging or overlapping.

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device wherein means are provided to dislodge a severed product from the surrounding material from which it has been cut but with which it is still in contact; or to dislodge from such material a severed product which has been cut, removed, and reinserted into its original position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 for means to reinsert product in base material after severance therefrom.

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device in which means are provided to permit the earth's gravitational field to act selectively on a plurality of product portions; with the result that one portion or piece will move along a path have a downward component, under the gravitational impetus, while another portion or piece will move along some other path or will be restrained from moving away from the zone of separation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
157 for means for tilting or withdrawing a product support so that the product is left without support against gravity, such means not having a product separating function.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 311, 359+, and 523+ for a power-driven conveyor combined with a gravity conveyor.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, appropriate subclasses, for a gravity type separator, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device provided with passive means for guiding a product into a path diverging from that followed by another product.
(1) Note. The deflecting guide of this subclass is effective to direct a moving product portion into a desired path, not to hold it from further movement. Stationary means (catchers) which prevent a product portion from moving, while another portion continues in motion, will be found in subclass 102 and in subclass 104 indented thereunder.
(2) Note. The divergence effected by a guide of this type may be either simultaneous with the passage of another product portion through the zone of separation or may be temporarily spaced therefrom. That is, the guide may operate on one or more product portions traveling along parallel paths or moving seriatim along the same path.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102 for means to hold back one product portion positively while another portion proceeds to travel past the area of such holding back, and indented subclass 104 for such means wherein the product portion not held back escapes from the zone of separation under the impetus of gravity; and see (1) Note, above.
373 for a work guide whose positioning movement is synchronized with tool actuation.
438 for a guide for directing the travel of moving work, rather than product.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 351, 367, 442, 525+, 599, and 633+ for passive means for guiding a load from one conveying path to another conveying path diverging therefrom.

This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Device, provided with passive means for guiding a product portion into any one of a number of different paths, which means may be reoriented (either at will or cyclically) with respect to oncoming product so as to effect such selective guidance.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
104 for a gravity type product separator, including a tiltable or with drawable product support which functions to separate product portions.
157 for a product deflecting means in the form of a tiltable or with drawable support for the product, which means does not have a separating function.

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device which includes plural dynamic product moving means which function to effect separation by directly and positively moving one product from the zone of separation in a direction or path different from that in which another product is directly and positively moved.
(1) Note. One of the product moving means may be a work moving means, which may be claimed as such.
(2) Note. Means which move a product portion out of contact with a tool (e.g., stripper or ejector) are not considered product moving means for the purpose of this subclass, in accordance with (3) Note to subclass 102.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclasses 370.07-370.09, 370.1, 370.11 through 370.13, 426+, 432, 433, 434+, 597+, and 601 for power-driven conveyor means for moving a load from one conveying path to another conveying path diverging therefrom.

This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Device wherein means is provided to re-engage the product piece with the surrounding material, from which it was severed, by inserting the piece into the aperture formed when the piece was produced.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
25 for a corresponding method.
103 for means to remove such reinserted piece from the base material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Device having active means to propel the product or passive means in the form of a guide* to define, limit or change (without terminating) the path of moving product; or means which allows or facilitates motion of unsupported product; or means, other than the cutter or work-feed means, to cause relative motion between the product and a member of the cutting pair.
(1) Note. A mere support for product is not a guide.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for a brake or abutment stop for product.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, appropriate subclasses for a power-driven conveyor or for such a conveyor combined with a gravity conveyor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Device including means to move the product away from the cutting zone at a speed which is greater or less than the speed of the work as it moves toward the cutting zone.
(1) Note. For a device which includes a brake or abutment for stopping the product completely, see subclass 78, above.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 and see (1) Note above.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 460.1 and 579 for a conveyor feeding the conveyed load to another conveyor having a greater conveying speed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Device, provided with means for causing or assuring relative motion between a product piece or portion and a cutter which has produced for penetrated it so as to remove from contact with such cutter a product piece or portion which tends to cling thereto.
(1) Note. A device of this type may be termed a "stripper" or "ejector".

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclass 257, 328, 344+, and 427 for a press-type metal deforming device including a means to eject or strip a product from a forming die.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Device in which the means for removing the product from the cutter delivers the product to means for thereafter transporting such product away from the first product moving means, or to means for supporting the cut product as it continues to move under the influence of gravity.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Device which cooperates with a tool having a cutting edge located on the outer or arcuate periphery of a circular disc or cylinder turning unidirectionally about an internal axis.

This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Device which encompasses a substantial portion of the rotary tool axis and periphery.

This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Device in which the relative-motion-producing means is physically attached to, or otherwise supported by, the stripped tool or cooperating revolving tool.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136 for a stripper mounted on a moving tool (other than rotary) or tool support; and see the Notes thereto.

This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Device which is effective to produce the relative motion in a radial direction, from or towards the axis of rotation of the rotating tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Device including elastic or springlike means deformable to urge or move the relative-motion-producing means from one position to another.
(1) Note. Springlike means may function to move a "stripper" or "ejector" to its normal position after movement to its operative position by a cam means, etc.
(2) Note. A typical device of this type is a coil spring, which may directly contact the product or urge another device which directly contacts the product.

This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Device including elastic or springlike means deformable to urge or move the relative-motion-producing means from one position to another.
(1) Note. The springlike means may be integral with the stripping or ejecting means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Device including relative-motion-producing means which is mounted to permit limited oscillatory movement thereof about an axis while it is exerting force on the product.

This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Device including means which functions to move product relative to at least one of two cooperating tools which revolve about spaced parallel axes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Device including a relative-motion-producing means located in a fixed position relative to immovable parts of the machine.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
145 and 146, for a stationary stripper in combination with an oscillating or reciprocating tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Device
including means which functions to move product relative to at least one of two cooperating tools which revolve about spaced parallel axes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Device wherein the product lies within, and in contact with the walls of, a cavity in a tool which has produced it, said tool having a continuous cutting edge bounding said cavity, and in which the relative-motion-producing means removes the product from the cavity.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
97 for means to form a pack or stack of cut pieces delivered from a hollow cutter.
98 for means to accomplish ejection from a hollow cutter by fluid blast or suction.
116 for a device of this type mounted on a rotary tool support.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, 344 for means to eject a formed article from a female die.
408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, subclass 68, for a hollow drill combined with means to eject the product therefrom.

This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Device wherein means is also provided to remove product from the outer surface of either the hollow tool, a cooperating tool, or a tool mounted on the hollow tool support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Device wherein the actuation of the product-moving means is synchronized with movement of the hollow tool in its retraction from the
work and cooperating cutter after said tool has made its cut.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82 for product-moving means initiated by means directly responsive to return movement of the tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Device wherein the product-moving means is carried by the other tool which coacts with the hollow tool to form a tool pair*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136 and see the Notes thereto.

This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Device wherein the ejector slides back and forth within the tool cavity under the influence of a smooth surface, irregularly shaped member rotatable or slidable operating against the ejector or against a motion-transmitting means between said member and the ejector.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for a device of this type wherein the hollow cutter is mounted on the periphery of a rotary member.

This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Device wherein the ejector slides back and forth within the tool cavity and includes, or is provided with, compressible or extensible elastic means for urging it in one of said directions when compressed or extended.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for a device of this type wherein the hollow cutter is mounted on the periphery of a rotary member.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Means including an instrumentality for moving the means (a stripper) which causes relative motion between the cutter and product, such instrumentality moving stripper in a definite temporal relationship with respect to the cutter's movement into and out of cutting engagement with the work.
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses do not include patents for strippers or ejectors operating upon the product of circumferentially edged revolving tools, for which see subclasses 113+.
(2) Note. For a holddown clamp (or other form of clamp) timed with tool stroke, see subclasses 375+.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
113 for a stripper or ejector for removing a product from a revolving cutter in timed relation with the tool's motion; and see (1) Note, above.
123 for an ejector for removing a product from within a hollow cutter, and moved in time relation to a tool stroke.
375 and see (2) Note, above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device in which the stripper may be removed from or placed in product-moving relation with the tool, to disable the stripper or enable it to perform its function, either at the will of the operator or by the machine itself during its operation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device in which means are provided to lock the stripper in product contacting position, and the movement of the tool out of cutting engagement with the work actuates a mechanism to release the lock after the tool is withdrawn from the product, so as to permit the stripper to withdraw.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
125 for a similar device operative with a hollow cutter.
399 for other interlock means in a cutting machine.

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device wherein more than one stripper is provided to strip a multiplicity of tools, and each stripper acts to remove the product from only one tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device wherein one stripper is provided which acts to remove the product simultaneously from more than one tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device in which the part of the stripper which contacts the product comprises, or is mounted on one end of, a thin flexible resilient element; and the other end of the element is fixedly attached to some part of the machine.

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device wherein the stripper-moving instrumentality comprises one or more levers which are pivoted to a part of the machine or to each other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for an ejector-actuating linkage which is actuated by a cam.
131 for a linkage which latches a stripper in position and
which is released by the return movement of the tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device in which the stripper is mounted on a moving tool or its support* and moves with respect to, and in timed relation with, said tool and support.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for a stripper or ejector mounted on a rotary tool.
126 for an ejector carried by a cutter which cooperates with a hollow tool.
218 for a pilot or locating pin carried by a moving tool or tool support.
294 319, and 382, for a work gripper or clamp mounted on a moving tool or tool support.
395 for a work-stop abutment mounted on a moving tool or tool support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Device in which the stripper is actuated by means applying a force to a gas or liquid, which gas or liquid applies a moving force (directly or indirectly) to the stripper.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
390 and 461, for a cutting machine having a fluid pressure actuated clamp.
639 for fluid pressure tool actuating means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Device in which (a) the stripper or its mounting includes an elastic, resilient and/or flexible element, which element is compressed or extended during the cycle of operation, and
whose tendency to return to its normal state urges the product away from the tool; or in which (b) the stripper is mounted on the tool or tool support by means of a lost-motion connection (in which gravity acts on the stripper to urge the stripper into contact with the product as the tool is withdrawn).
(1) Note. An original patent for an elastic, rubberlike, resilient mounting for a nonelastomeric stripper will be found in this subclass (138).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
128 for a resiliently biased stripper which ejects a product from within a hollow cutter.
134 for a tool-synchronized stripper which is carried on an end of a spring arm.
142 for a tool-synchronized stripper not carried by the moving tool or its support and which is biased against the product.

This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Device in which that portion of the stripper which engages the product is made of an elastic, rubberlike, resilient material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
138 for an elastic, rubberlike mounting for a nonelastomeric stripper.

This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Device in which the compressed or extended element is an elongated or coiled flexible and resilient metallic member (e.g., coil spring).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
128 for a spring-urged means to eject product from a hollow cutter.
134 for a device in which a tool-synchronized stripper is carried on an end of a spring arm.
143 for a similar device which is not carried by the moving tool or its support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Device in which the mounting of the stripper on the tool or tool support* permits relative motion of the stripper with respect to such tool or support, and in which the force of gravity acts to urge the stripper against the product to separate the product from the tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device in which (a) the stripper or its mounting includes an elastic resilient and/or flexible element, which element is compressed or extended during the cycle of operation, and whose tendency to return to its normal state urges the product away from the tool; or in which (b) the stripper is mounted on its support by means of a lost-motion connection in which gravity acts on the stripper to urge the product away from the tool.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
128 for a resiliently biased means which ejects a product from within a hollow cutter.
134 for a tool-synchronized stripper which is carried on an end of a spring arm.
138 for a stripper biased against the product, which stripper is carried by the moving cutting element or its support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Device in which the compressed or extended element is an elongated or coiled flexible and resilient metallic member (e.g., coil spring).

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Device wherein movement of the means (stripper) for causing relative motion between the cutter and product is effected by hand manipulation of the stripper itself or of a device which controls its movement.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Device in which the means (stripper) for causing relative motion between the cutter and product is fixed with respect to machine parts which do not have a cyclic motion.

This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Device wherein the stationary stripper substantially surrounds a tool during its cyclic motion.

This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Device which includes a housing having a product delivery opening, which opening is adapted to be selectively obstructed so as to prevent egress of the product (thus also preventing entry of undesired objects) therethrough.
(1) Note. The instrumentality which effects the blocking may be a cutting tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Device in which a flexible element is located between the tool and the work such that, in cutting, the flexible member will take the shape of the tool, transmit the cutting force of the tool to the work, and then urge the product away from the tool which
has produced it.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass is distinguished from that of subclasses 111+, in that a tool provided with a flexible element of the type of this subclass does not directly engage the work or product.

This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Device comprising a guideway, inclined to the horizontal and vertical planes and so disposed as to receive cut pieces for movement therealong, provided with means for engaging a cut piece to urge it along the guideway, or to brake it, while it is disposed on or within the confines of the guideway.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 534 for a power-driven conveyor combined with a chute having means to retard movement of the conveyed load.

This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Device including means for positively moving the product, said means being supported against gravity by a tool support*.

This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Device in which the means for propelling the product includes means to engage and firmly secure the product against movement relative to the propelling means at least during movement of the product away from the cutting zone.
(1) Note. Included within the scope of the term "gripper means" are devices which engage and grasp two opposed surfaces of the product as well as devices which engage one surface and retain it against the propelling means (e.g., a magnet, clamp jaw, perforating pin, suction gripper, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 468.2 and 470.1+ for a
conveyor having load gripping members, subclasses 679 and 690 for a conveyor having magnetic load holders, and subclasses 692+ for a conveyor having load impalers.
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, 204 for sheet delivery apparatus including means to grip the sheet.

This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Device in which the securing means includes a perforated surface and means to draw air through the surface so as to cause the product to adhere to said surface under the influence of atmospheric pressure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 428, 438, 449+, and 689.1 for a conveyor having means for applying suction to the conveyed load.
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, 194 for sheet delivery apparatus including pneumatic means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Device in which the propelling means moves to and from the cutting zone in a straight line.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 468.2 and 470.1+ for a reciprocating conveyor having load-gripping members.
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, subclass 85 for sheet delivery apparatus including reciprocating sheet gripping means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Device in which the propelling means moves in an arc of a circle, either in the same direction or to and from the cutting zone.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 468.2 and 470.1+ for an oscillating conveyor having load-gripping members.
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, subclass 82 for rotary sheet delivery apparatus having gripper means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Device which comprises a continuous web- or strand-like member (e.g., a belt or chain) which moves the product while the product is supported thereby.
(1) Note. In the case wherein the product conveyor also is effective to move the work into cutting position, a patent directed to such device will be placed originally in this subclass only if the conveyor is claimed in terms of its specific product handling function.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
88 and 91+, for a conveyor operative to move a stack of product pieces.
94 for a conveyor which functions to deliver product pieces to a stack holder.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 804 for an endless belt conveyor.
271, Sheets Feeding or Delivering, subclass 67, 69 and 198+ for sheet delivery apparatus including endless conveyor means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Device including means to remove the product from the endless conveyor.
(1) Note. In many of the devices in this subclass, the same conveyor moves both work and product.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
418 for a work conveyor means and additional means to engage the work and orient it relative to a tool station.
732 for means to position work transversely on a moving conveyor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 367, 370.07 through 370.09, 370.1, 370.11 through 370.13, 426+, 463.1+, 497, 597+, 599, 637, and others for means for moving an article or material off a conveyor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Device which includes one or more cylindrical or spherical members, each rotatable about an axis transverse to the path of the product and supporting, guiding or moving the product in said path.
(1) Note. Patents disclosing either idling or powered rollers, in train or in opposed pairs, are included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
193, Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways, 35 for rollerways.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 385, 387, 501, 604, 608, 611+, 624, 779, and 780+ for rollers carrying a load, subclass 840 for rollers guiding a load supported on an endless belt conveyor, and subclasses 359+ and 539 for a nonpowered roller conveyor combined with a power-driven conveyor.
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, subclass 71, 72 and 314+, for sheet delivery apparatus including rotary conveyor means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Device which permits downward movement of the product by either pivotal movement of a means holding the product against gravity, thereby to provide an inclined surface down which the product may slide; or by complete removal of such means from beneath the product, thereby to permit free fall.
(1) Note. The platform of this subclass must be moved after, or simultaneously with, the cutting stroke which produces the product to be handled by the platform. If a platform is, for instance, tilted to an inclined position prior to the cutting stroke (so that the product, instead of being supported on a platform which may tilt to urge the product to slide, is allowed to drop onto an inclined plane), such platform is considered an adjustable or movable chute or plane, the search for which is in subclass 165.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
165 for a chute or inclined plane down which product may slide; and see (1) Note, above.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 535 for a chute swingable between horizontal and inclined positions.

This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Device provided with means to engage a product piece and move it bodily in a straight line path in a direction which is opposite or transverse to the direction in which (a) the piece is moving as it leaves the tool or (b) the work is moving as it enters the cutting zone.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 598 for an endless belt conveyor that shifts a load laterally of another conveyor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Device in which the product moving means is pivoted and has a to-and-fro motion about said pivot.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclasses 370.07-370.09, 370.1, 370.11 through 370.13, 426+, 468.1+, 598 and others for a swingable conveyor that shifts a load laterally of another conveyor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Device in which the product engaging portion of the product moving means has a translatory to-and-fro motion in a plane.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclasses 370.07-370.09, 370.1, 370.11 through 370.13, 429+, 597+, and others for a linearly reciprocating conveyor that shifts a load laterally of another conveyor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Device in which the propelling means moves the product otherwise than in a straight line.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
150 for such means mounted on a tool support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Device including passive means which is operative to define, limit, or change the path of (without terminating), product movement (i.e., to direct, wholly or partially, the course of moving product).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
105 for a guide which serves to separate moving product portions.
438 for means to guide moving work; and see the Notes thereto.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 351, 367, 442, 525, 599, and 633+ for passive means for changing the direction of movement of a conveyed load.

This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Means in which the product is moved by the work or by means that moves work to the tool station, and in which the passive means is so disposed as to present an obstacle or obstruction to the unimpeded passage of product being so moved; the result being initiation of, or a change in, relative directions of motion of the product and the work or work moving means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Device in which the guide is a tubular cavity within a hollow tool or its support, or in a member rigid with the tool or its support, said tool having an aperture and a continuous cutting edge bounding the open end of said aperture and together with said tubular cavity forming a path for the product pieces, away from the cutting zone, which does not follow only a single straight line.
(1) Note. A mere passage coextensive with the cutting edge opening and extending rectilinearly within the hollow tool is not considered a guide for this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
97 for a device including means to form or hold product pieces in stacked relation upon emergence from a hollow cutter.

This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Means including a supporting surface or tubular body, disclosed as extending generally from an upper location at one end to a lower at the other (but not extending solely straight up and down vertically) and so positioned that product may travel therealong or therethrough.
(1) Note. The traveling product on or in the chute, plane, or conduit may be moving under the influence of gravity. If, however, it is moved by claimed mechanical moving means, a patent claiming such guide and moving means will be placed originally in subclass 149 or another subclass devoted to product moving means, and may be cross-referenced in this
subclass; if no product moving means is claimed, a patent disclosing such combination (and claiming only the cutter and guide) will be placed originally in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
149 for means which moves cut pieces along a chute or inclined plane.
157 for a device having a tiltable product support down which the product may slide.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
193, Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways, appropriate subclass for a gravity type conveyor.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 311, 359+, 523+, and others for a chute or other gravity conveyor combined with a power-driven conveyor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Means comprising an obstacle so placed as to be struck by a product piece as the latter travels through space while unsupported against the force of gravity.

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165 for devices in which the abutment is an inclined chute, plane or conduit.

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198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 599 for a guide that deflects a load after it moves off a conveyor.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device provided with a container or platform to receive and retain the product piece.

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78 for a device having a receptacle or support provided with a clamp to stop and hold the product in the receptacle or on the support.
84 for a receptacle or support which is taught as holding a pile (including stack) of product pieces; and see the Notes thereto.
102 for means to direct product pieces selectively into any one of a plurality of receptacle.

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232, Deposit and Collection Receptacles, subclass 8 for a fare box which receives a ticket and punches it as it is introduced into the device.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device wherein means are provided to remove undesired foreign matter from the work or the tool.

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15 22, and 24, for a method of handling work, or product, including application of fluid to same.
98 for product handling device including fluid current application means which means may also be utilized to remove waste products of the cutting operation.

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15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, appropriate subclasses, for cleaning means broadly; and see search Notes thereto.
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, 197 for a tool driving or impacting means having a work cleansing feature.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device that includes means to direct upon or to the tool or work a quantity of liquid, gaseous, or pulverulent material; which material is not intended to form a permanent coating on, and does not effect movement of, such tool or work.

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15 17, 22, and 24, for method of handling work, or product,
including application of fluid to same.
53 and 177, for means and process, respectively, for cutting by direct application of fluent pressure.
98 for product handling by fluid current means.
168 for means to clean work by fluid application.
407 for apparatus to move work by fluid current.

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30, Cutlery, 123.3, for cutting implements having means to direct a fluid upon the tool or a guide in contact therewith.
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 15 and 35+ for cutter combined with means to apply a substantially permanent coating.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device which includes means to maintain or alter the temperature of the device or work.
(1) Note. Heating or cooling of the work to the extent of changing its state (e.g., from solid to liquid), other than for the purpose of effecting a cut by means of a solid tool, has been considered a shaping or treating operation beyond the scope of this class (83). Patents for such treating or shaping means combined with cutting means have been placed elsewhere; for example, on the basis of the type of material so shaped or treated.
(2) Note. The patents of this and the indented subclass primarily differ from related devices in Class 219, Electric Heating, in that the tool herein disclosed maintains physical contact with, and bodily penetrates the workpiece during the cutting operation; even though melting of the workpiece is achieved during such tool penetration.

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15 for corresponding process.
169 for apparatus for applying a transient, nonpropellant fluid to the tool or work, which liquid may heat, cool, or maintain the temperature of, the tool or work.

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62, Refrigeration, appropriate subclasses, particularly 56 for methods and subclasses 320+ for apparatus, for cutting combined with freezing or combined with cooling of the type classified in that class (62).
219, Electric Heating, 68 for cutting including electrically heating metallic work.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, 138 for processes of molding and shaping within the class definition, when combined with a cutting or severing step and see (1) Note above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Device in which the temperature controlling means maintains or alters the temperature of the tool.

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16 for corresponding method.

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30, Cutlery, subclass 140 for a heated cutter including significant heating structure.
101, Printing, subclass 8, 9+, 21, 25, 27, and 31 for an embossing or penetrating printer with heating means.
128, Surgery, 303.14 for a heated surgical cutter.
219, Electric Heating, subclass 241 for means to electrically heat a cutter.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means to dress the tool.
(1) Note. The means to dress may operate on either the active or passive cutting element.

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30, Cutlery, for a specifically recited tool of that class with a means to sharpen same.
76, Metal Tools and Implements Making, for a specifically recited tool of that class with a means to sharpen same.
451, Abrading, for sharpening by abrading, generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Device wherein the dressing means acts on a tool which is (a) immovable, or (b) rotatable or oscillatable in one plane about a single, immovable axis.
(1) Note. A tool sharpener in combination with a tool which is rotatable about a movable axis or about two or more axes. (e.g., band saw) or movable into another plane, will be found in this class, subclass 174.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means to subject the work within the cutting zone to tensile forces to effect elongation of same within its elastic limit.

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18 for a related process.

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140, Wireworking, 139 for means to stretch and cut wire.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means to impart an impermanent change of shape (i.e., within the elastic limit) to work material located in the cutting zone - except apparatus in which such means comprises a rotatable cylindrical anvil about which work is trained and which cooperates with another cutter to produce substantially the same cut that would be produced if the work were presented rectilinearly to such other cutter.
(1) Note. This subclass includes (but is not limited to) patents for devices which deform the work material, as above
defined, and in whose operation such deformation is prerequisite to effect a predetermined line of cut; that is to say, the desired cut could not be effected in the absence of the deformation while operating the machine in the intended manner.
(2) Note. Thus, a patent directed to means for compressing, or stretching, a resilient workpiece and subsequently cutting same to impart a dished product surface configuration upon release of the deforming forces would be properly placed in this subclass.

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17 for a corresponding method.

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226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 88 for means to deform material of indeterminate length to facilitate feeding of the material.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein one tool comprises a fluent pressurized medium which directly contacts the workpiece to effect a predetermined line of cut by displacing the portion of work so contacted past the cutting edge of a cooperating tool element or by coaction with a controlled directly opposed second fluent pressurized medium.

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53 for a method of cutting by the direct application of fluent pressure to the work.
402 for fluid current apparatus for moving work past a stationary cutter in a continuing movement.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Means in which a tool is disposed within a generally tubular portion of a workpiece and, either alone or in cooperation with another tool, operates on the internal surface of the piece.
(1) Note. The "generally tubular portion" comprises a wall
which presents, in transverse cross-section, a substantially closed perimeter.
(2) Note. The internal tool must be in position within the hollow work at initiation of cutting.
(3) Note. Patents disclosing a tool oscillating about a fixed center during the cutting stroke and its retraction therefrom will be found in this subclass. Patents disclosing other tool motions will be found in subclasses indented hereunder.

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196 for cutting work (which may be hollow) by the misalignment of aligned apertures.
315 and 597+, for an oscillating tool which does not cut from within a hollow workpiece.

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82, Turning, subclass 82 for a turning device of the severing or cutoff type wherein the tool, or tools, lies within the work.
166, Wells, 55 for apparatus for cutting a well conduit in situ and subclasses 297+ for processes of cutting a well conduit in situ.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 2 for subject matter relating to a device for firing a bullet or exploding a shaped charge within an inaccessible bore to penetrate the earth formation or perforate or cut a casing or other wall member in the bore.

This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Apparatus wherein a tool (or tools) is inserted within a workpiece, prior to the introduction of the workpiece into the cutting zone, in such manner that the tool derives substantially all of its support either directly or indirectly from the workpiece itself.

This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Apparatus provided with a work support including means to enlarge a
cross-sectional portion thereof, so that such support will frictionally engage the internal surface of the tubular work.
(1) Note. The expanding mandrel may function to immobilize for work and/or to position the internal tool for cutting.

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623 for means to move a cooperating cutter member.

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269, Work Holders, subclass 52 for an expanding mandrel which is not a chuck or socket.
279, Chucks or Sockets, 2.01 for an expanding mandrel in the form of a chuck or socket.

This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Apparatus wherein means to move, or render active, means to maintain or retain work, or means to move, or render active means presenting an obstacle or bar to work movement; is identical with or cooperates significantly with means to move the tool in its cutting cycle.

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374 for means as above defined but not related to a tool inside hollow work; and see search Notes thereto.

This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Means wherein a work immobilizing element cooperates with a work support to grip the work frictionally, to move the work into aligned relation with the tool, and to hold it in such position.

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206 and 465, for related clamp structure.
418 with additional means to engage and orient work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Apparatus including means to present work to the tool, which means operates in timed relation with means to impart movement to the tool during the cutting cycle.

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202 for tool engaging work during dwell of intermittent work-feed.
284 for a tool whose cutting motion has component in direction of moving work.
350 for a tool timed with moving work, in general.

This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Apparatus provided with means to adjust and align tools relative to one another in preparation for cutting.

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248 for means to position datum plane of tool.
549 for plural tool selectively engageable.
559 for tool pair adjustable as a unit.
561 for relatively adjustable tool with flat surfaced cooperating member.

This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Apparatus wherein a cutting tool moves in a path which is neither solely rectilinear nor solely circular during the tool stroke*.

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523 for other forms of compound tool motion.
644 for reciprocating tool motion combined with tilting in plane of tool stroke.
646 for uniplanar compound tool motion.

This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Apparatus wherein the cutting means comprises at least one tool pair consisting of an internal edged tool and an external tool provided with a peripheral cutting edge substantially completely surrounding the work, each such tool having a surface lying in a plane common to both tools and along which surface the cutting edge is disposed, so that shearing of the work occurs in the common plane, and in which the peripheral cutting edge of the external tool substantially completely surrounds the tubular work.
(1) Note. One or both of the tools may be active in the cutting operation and the conformation of either tool to the work surface may be modified; as, for instance, to provide relieved sections resulting a tab portions of such surface, or to result in a progressive cutting operation.

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179 for related cutting means wherein the tubular work is prepacked with an internal tool.
189 for an annulus and disc type tool pair having rectilinear motion.

This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Apparatus wherein a cutting tool follows a closed circular path, in one direction only thereof, during the cutting stroke.

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331 for a rotary flying cutter.
469 for a rotatable disc tool and carrier therefor, or a rotatable disc tool pair.
591 for revolving tool motion, generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Apparatus wherein the movement of a tool, during the tool stroke*, is confined to one or more straight line paths.

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613 for a rectilinearly reciprocating tool, in general.

This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Apparatus wherein the cutting means comprises at least one tool pair consisting of an internal edged tool and an external tool provided with a peripheral cutting edge substantially completely surrounding the work, each such tool having a surface lying in a plane common to both tools and along which surface the cutting edge is disposed, so that shearing of the work occurs in the common plane, and in which the peripheral cutting edge of the external tool substantially completely surrounds the tubular work.
(1) Note. One or both of the tools may be active in the cutting operation and the conformation of either element to the work surface may be modified; as for instance, to provide relieved sections resulting in table portions of such surface, or to result in a progressive cutting operation.

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179 for related cutting means wherein tubular work is prepacked with an internal tool.
186 for annulus and disc type tool pair having compound motion.

This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Means wherein at least one member of the tool pair moves in a multiplicity of straight line paths during the tool stroke*.

This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Means, wherein
the tool inside the hollow work moves in effecting the cut.

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179 for means including internal tool(s) prepacked in work.
186 and 189+, for annulus and disc type tool pair, of which the internal disc tool may be active.

This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Means wherein a plurality of tools is disposed around the outer periphery of the tubular work and each moves, in coaction with one or more internally disposed tools, to effect a cut.
(1) Note. The external tools may be supported on a common carrier, as in a conventional multiple punch ram means; or on separate carriers, including structurally independent actuating means, and may each contribute to a single combined cut line or function to effect separated cuts on the common work piece.

This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Means wherein the active external tools move relatively toward one another during cutting and substantially normal to the axial extent of the tubular work.
(1) Note. The tools may function either simultaneously or sequentially to produce a cut or cuts lying in a substantially common plane.

This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Apparatus, wherein the means to move the tools to effect the cut comprises a plurality of cams which are mounted on a single carrier.
(1) Note. The common support for the multiple cams is generally a rotary or oscillating member.
(2) Note. For definition of a cam, see the definition of
Class 74, subclasses 567+.

This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Apparatus, wherein means, responsive to an operative's volition, are provided to move the work relative to a tool and preparatory to initiation of the tool stroke*, or to cooperate with a significant feature of the work structure to restrain the moving piece from further movement.
(1) Note. This subclass includes patents for cutting machines with means to accomplish the necessary locating of work within a cutting zone, in order that the work may be in proper alignment with the cutter operating thereon, as distinguished from means to feed the work to such zone.

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401 for means to move work relative to a tool station.
451 for means to immobilize or stabilize work generally.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Means, in which two adjacent members are provided, each with an opening, through both of which openings a workpiece extends simultaneously, each adapted (as disclosed) to enclose a sufficient portion of the periphery of the workpiece extending therethrough to prevent sidewise escape of the workpiece therefrom, which device includes means to move one member relative to the other so that the workpiece caught between the moving members is severed by virtue of its being forced against the edge of an opening, or against the edge of a member-carried tool extending into such opening, or against both.

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178 particularly subclasses 179, 186, and 189+, for a device wherein a tool is located inside hollow work and cooperates with an outer, annular cutter.

This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Means having, in addition to the apertured tools, a cutting device of another kind which itself constitutes subject matter for this class (83).

This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Means in which one or both of the apertured members has a motion only in a straight line path during its tool stroke*.

This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Means in which one or both of the apertured members has a motion which is confined to rotation or oscillation about a single center.

This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Means in which one or both of the apertured members has more than one cutting opening.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device wherein the cutting member is substantially one-dimensional; i.e., the dimensions of its cross-section are negligible relative to its length, and which member surrounds a portion of the work surface prior to cutting, thus defining a plane; and which device includes means to apply or increase stress in the cutting member so that the cutting member moves into the work in the plane initially defined.
(1) Note. The cutting member may or may not completely encircle the work. In the latter case, reaction to the cutting force will be provided by a work-stop abutment.

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651.1 for a wire-type tool or a wire-type tool and support which does not function in a work-inclosing manner.

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72, Metal Deforming, subclass 292 for a device for deforming a metal workpiece by tightening a flexible chain or band around the work.
100, Presses, 1 for a process or apparatus for tightening a binder about material to compress it.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. An apparatus including means to sequentially stop and move, or stop and permit movement of, the work at the tool zone; and including tool actuating means which synchronously brings the tool into cutting contact with the work while the latter is at rest or simultaneously with the stopping of the work.
(1) Note. The work may be brought to a halt by a device such as a clamp jaw or an abutment stop effective to halt that portion of the work in the tool zone while work-feed means continually urges another portion toward the tool with consequent buckling or slippage, (see subclass 262 indented hereunder).
(2) Note. The work may be moved simply by gravity, no work advancing mechanism being provided, (see subclass 268 indented hereunder).
(3) Note. A portion of the work remote from the tool zone may be continuously in motion as, for example, work unwinding from a continuously rotating supply roll.

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350 for a device wherein the work is fed constantly to a tool zone where it is intermittently acted on by an actuated tool having no component of motion in the direction of work-feed, and where no provision is made for halting the work before it is engaged by the tool.

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28, Textiles: Manufacture, 107 for needle felting machines having cycle of intermittent work moving and needing.
112, Sewing, appropriate subclasses, for machines which advance work to sewing station and hold it stationary while it is being pierced by the needle.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 339.1 for a conveyor that dwells at a work station, and subclasses 858+ for a conveyor having indexed or intermittent drive means.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, appropriate subclasses for methods of, and apparatus for, feeding material without utilizing the leading or trailing ends to effect movement of the material, particularly 120 for structure for advancing material intermittently.
234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), appropriate subclasses, for a selective cutting device (usually termed a card or tape punch) of the step-by-step type.
408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, 70, for means to cut in the manner of that class during the dwell of intermittent workfeed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device in which the synchronous relationship between work moving and tool moving means is disrupted during or after each tool cycle in such manner that the reestablishment of such relationship and initiation or continuation of a succeeding cycle requires the intervention of an external force or stimulus.
(1) Note. Unicyclic operation is characterized by the requirement of two inputs: one to supply actuating power and the other to intervene and supply an unlocking force without which the machine could not resume operation, as distinguished from the usual machine which operates whenever power is supplied to it. Some type of "nonrepeat" mechanism is required as part of the invention.
(2) Note. Many patents disclosing machines capable of unicyclic operation are to be found in following subclasses, where the means which confers such capability is not claimed. See particularly the stamp or ticket dispensers in subclasses 208, 210, 224, 231+, 242+.

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69 for stopping means effective upon completion of predetermined number of tool cycles.
252 for supplemental manual feed required to complete the cutting cycle.
283 for one-revolution clutch in tool actuating means.
484 for unicyclically movable carrier for rotatable disc
tool.
524 for a device for moving a tool through one cutting stroke only.

This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Device which comprises means for changing the type of operation from unicyclic to continuous operation or from continuous to unicyclic.
(1) Note. Device for changing from one type of operation to another type for which separate subclasses are provided, neither type being "unicyclic", will be found in subclasses directed to the specific types of operations concerned.

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57 for a device to alter the cyclic operation of a cutting machine in some respect, but only as long as an intervening force is maintained. (Example: a machine operator may hold a pushbutton depressed to obtain short products for sampling or testing purposes).
240 for adjustment of tool position or stroke, work position, length of work-feed increment, etc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Machine wherein the tool cycle is initiated and terminated solely by mechanical elements (to the exclusion of electrical, electronic, or chemical means).
(1) Note. The mere presence of an electric driving motor an necessary manually or mechanically actuated switch does not exclude the combination thereof, with the mechanical initiating and terminating means, from this subclass.
(2) Note. Hydraulic or pneumatic devices are considered "mechanical" for the purposes of this definition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device wherein a portion of a frictional work-gripping device as claimed exerts a centering, registering, or aligning effect on the workpiece at a tool station.

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182 for a clamp which aligns hollow work with respect to a tool.
262 for a clamp used to cause a dwell in the work motion by clamping or blocking the moving work.
282 for a work clamp cyclically actuated in a cutting machine.

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198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 343.1 for a conveyor combined with means for clamping the conveyed load in position for working at a work station.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device wherein the only work-moving means is a work stop which is cyclically moved against the work which has been presented thereto (by means not claimed), to position or register the work prior to the tool stroke.
(1) Note. The "stop" in this subclass serves only to give the final location or positioning motion to work which has been presented to the machine, manually or by unclaimed work-moving means, and the stop is not claimed as a clamping or gripping means.

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206 282+, and 452+, for an actuated abutment or jaw which cooperates with another abutment to frictionally grip the work.
250 for such device combined with ordinary work-feed means.
268 and 391+, for abutment work stops which do not move the work.
418 for work moving means and an additional work positioning means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device including a detector* which is moved by, and to an extent proportional to movement of the work; further including means to effect a signal or impulse only when the extent of detector movement reaches a predetermined amount; and further including a transmitter* connecting said detector means to a means to effect or initiate work deceleration, work stoppage and/or work cutting as a direct or indirect result of the receipt by said effective means of such detected and transmitted signal or impulse.

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369 for similar structure in which only the work cutting is claimed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device including a detector* for work, a transmitter*, and means to stop the movement of the work, either directly, (as by engagement of said means with the work,) or indirectly, (as by stoppage of a work-moving means) as a result of the receipt by said means of such detected and transmitted signal or impulse.

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63 for means, responsive to work sensing means, to stop operation of a part or all of the machine in a random manner.
367 for similar structure for stopping work movement.
370 for similar structure to actuate tool feed.
399 for means, responsive to condition or location of a machine part, for controlling operation of another part; and see the Notes thereto.

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198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, appropriate subclasses for different types of conveyors or systems of plural conveyors having operation control means responsive to a condition of a conveyor or to a condition of the conveyed load.

This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Device including means to effect actuation of a cutter through a tool cycle as a direct or indirect result of the receipt by said means of the detected and transmitted signal or impulse.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device including a detector* for work, a transmitter, and means to effect actuation of a cutter through a tool cycle, as a direct or indirect result of the receipt by said means of such detected and transmitted signal or impulse.

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370 for similar structure to effect tool movement against work in which work movement or stoppage is not recited.

This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Device in which the detector includes a projection in the path of movement of the moving work, which projection halts the work by engagement of the work with said projection.

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262 and 268+, for other means to effect work stoppage by an abutment.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device wherein at least two tools act at a cutting zone, one of which tools is stationary and is at all times disposed to engage the work, and the other of which tools engages the work during the workfeed dwell and which has a cutting plane perpendicular to the direction of work movement.

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404.1 for a device having means to move work from one tool station to another, which tool stations are disposed at right angles to one another.
425 for a device which includes means to move the work relative to a tool which engages the work in a continuous manner (i.e., the cutting plane of the tool is perpendicular to the direction of the work movement).

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Apparatus in which more than one tool moves to operate on the work, in the same general cutting zone and including means for actuating one tool after another.
(1) Note. This subclass excludes patents claiming plural tools at different tool stations (separated by a distance equal to at least the length of work-feed increment) for which see subclass 255.
(2) Note. This subclass includes patents for machines wherein different tools are actuated in the same general cutting zone in successive dwell periods of the work.

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255 for a succession of tools operating on the same workpiece or same general area of a continuous workpiece, during different dwell periods, and see (1) Note above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus in which all of the plural tools operate on the stopped work before the work again moves.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device in which the tool, in addition to its advance toward, and retraction from, the work in each tool cycle*, undergoes another motion (which may be for the purpose of relocating the tool, feeding the work, etc.).
(1) Note. The tool may be in noncutting motion while work is being fed.

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284 for a tool which moves with the work during cutting (e.g., a flying cutter).

This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Device, wherein the tool is given its additional motion during the period in which the work is stationary.
(1) Note. The tool may merely be shifted to a different position during one dwell of the work; or may be repeatedly actuated to make a plurality of cutting strokes each effective on different positions of the work, patents claiming the latter being found in indented subclass 217.

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215 for a device wherein some of the tool motions may occur during movement of the work.
217 and see (1) Note above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Device including means to cause the tool to perform a number of cutting strokes while the work is at rest.
(1) Note. Such device is frequently used to make a number of cuts across a wide strip of work, with only one tool or a relatively small number of tools.

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219 for a device in which work is moved in different directions between successive tool strokes, whereby a plurality of cuts may be made across a strip of work during a dwell in the forward advance of the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Device including means to cause a tool to move the work through all or a part of the work-feed increment, by engagement of tool and work during the additional motion of the tool.

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226 where the tool itself does not engage work to feed it, but a work-feed means is actuated by the tool support during advancing or retracting movement of the latter.
284 for a device wherein the tool may feed the work while cutting it (i.e., a flying cutter).

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device including means to effect successive increments of work-feed in different directions, (as when following a contour), in presenting work for successive operations by the same tool.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include devices where work can be manually shifted in position between cuts while a machine-driven work-feed means merely continues to move work in the same direction (as in an ordinary sewing machine); See subclass 249 for disclosures of such devices.

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71 for control of machine functions generally by means responsive to indicia on tape or card (i.e., pattern control).
249 for feed means modified to facilitate shifting of work by external agency, and see (1) Note.
356 for periodic tool actuation timed with moving work, with periodic lateral shift of work (or tool).
367 for movement of work responsive to work-sensing means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Device wherein there are means to provide a limited number of predetermined directions of work-feed and means to choose one of said number of directions for each advance of the work.
(1) Note. This subclass includes devices having means for effecting mere reversal of work-feed direction at intervals, as well as machines with "zigzag" or "staggered" work-feeds.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device including means, additional to those means which establish the cyclically timed relationship between the tool and work movements, which additional means is effective to block or otherwise prevent the normal cyclic operation of either tool or work moving means, unless the latter two means are located in a desired relationship.
(1) Note. The interlock is an additional feature provided as a safety precaution rather than part of the work or tool feed drive.

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222 for a device wherein completion of work-feed motion serves to trip a tool actuating means into action, and completion of tool stroke serves to restart the work-feed.
380 for an interlock which prevents a tool from starting through its stroke unless a clamp is in actuated position.
399 for an interlock between a plurality of elements, in general and see Notes to subclasses 399+ for other "interlock" subclasses.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device having means so associated with tool and work moving means, that a tool upon reaching a predetermined point in its travel causes initiation of the work-feed means, which latter at a predetermined point in its travel will initiate the next tool stroke.
(1) Note. The definition of this subclass requires successive interactions alternately between tool moving and work moving means (a chain reaction), as distinguished from subclass 221, which requires merely unilateral control of one such means by the other.

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221 for interlock between tool actuating means and work
moving means.
225 for work-feed controlled by means on tool or tool support.
231 for tool actuation effected or initiated by work-feed element.
399 for interlock between any two elements of a machine, and see the Search Notes thereunder, for other pertinent subclasses.
400 for interlock between two elements plus means to initiate an operation upon release of interlock.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device in which a mechanism, driven by movement of either the tool or the work-feed means, is caused to accumulate potential energy which is later released to actuate the other of the two means.
(1) Note. This arrangement is found in many small hand-actuated machines, wherein, for example, a tool-retracting spring is stressed during the tool cutting stroke and part of its stored energy is utilized, during the return of the tool, to advance the work into position for the next cut.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
229 for work-feed means driven by tool or tool support on return movement of tool.
582 for a constantly urged tool, especially subclasses 588+ for return-stroke-biased tools.

This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Device wherein the motion of some portion of the work-feed means is used to accumulate potential energy which is released later in the cycle to actuate the tool.
(1) Note. The stored energy for the tool may be released by further motion of the work-feed means or by some other agency.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
232 (tool actuator struck by an element of a work-feed means, during nonfeeding motion thereof) for some disclosures of energy storage.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device including means mounted on the tool or its support and effective to initiate the establishment of a driving connection (a) from a power source to the work moving means, or (b) from work moving means to the work, and/or the disruption of said connection.
(1) Note. The tool-mounted means may serve to drive and/or stop the work-feed means, or to control the transmission of power to such means from another source.
(2) Note. This subclass is distinguished from subclass 262 (which see) by the fact that in the latter subclass, the work is directly halted by clamping or blocking means (which may be mounted on tool or tool support) but the work-feed mechanism continues to move, ineffectively.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
262 and see (2) Note.

This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Device wherein the tool-mounted means provides the motive power for actuating the work-feed means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
228 for an auxiliary work-feed means mounted on a tool or tool support.
230 for a device wherein the motion of tool-carried means merely effects the halting of work-feed means.
262 for work-feed dwell effected by clamping or blocking the moving work, without stopping the motion of the feed means proper, and see (2) Note to subclass 225.

This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Device wherein the work-feeding means is itself mounted on the tool or tool support.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
218 for a device wherein a tool feeds the work while still in contact therewith during a cutting stroke.
228 for supplemental work-feed means carried by a tool or tool support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Device which includes a plurality of work moving means acting in succession, each such means being capable of moving the work through a portion of the required feed increment, one of said feed means itself mounted on or integral with the tool or tool support.
(1) Note. Pilot pins which serve to correct the position of slightly misplaced work are included, if carried by the tool support.
(2) Note. The supplemental work-feed means may be provided merely to correct slight misplacements of the work if an when they should occur.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
218 for a tool which has work-feeding motion (the tool feeds the work after engaging it with a cutting stroke).

This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Device wherein the tool-mounted means is brought into operation during the tool's motion away from the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223 for work advanced by release of potential energy accumulated during and as a result of tool movement (such work advance may occur during return movement of tool).
257 for the general case of work advance during return stroke of tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Device in which the means mounted on tool or tool support is effective at some point in its travel to cause stopping of the work moving means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
221 for interlock means to prevent movement of work-feed means except in certain positions of tool.
262 for dwell caused by clamping or blocking the work, where work-feed means is continuously driven.
268 for dwell caused by blocking the work by an abutment (which may be carried on or moved by the tool support).
282 for (broadly) clamping work during dwell.
391 for interrelated actuation of tool and work-stopping abutment.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device in which the work engaging and moving element, or a portion of the work-feed means driving train which is not common to the latter and to the tool driving train, and which moves without producing any corresponding motion of the work, is itself, or carries means which is, effective to drive, or to establish a power connection for driving, the tool feeding mechanism.
(1) Note. Tool feed may be initiated substantially simultaneously with arrival of the work-feed mechanism at the end of its feed motion, where it appears that the tool is not intended to engage moving work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
221 for interlock between work-moving and tool-moving mechanisms.
225 for work moving means controlled by means on tool or tool support.
273 for intermittent drive type of gearing for work-feed means.
399 for a device in which an element common to the control or actuation of work moving and tool actuating means is arranged to initiate or permit actuation of one means while preventing actuation of the other means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Device in which the feeding element or driving portion delivers an impact to an element which causes a cutter to start its cutting stroke.
(1) Note. Such organizations are common in machines for delivering tape, which often are used to feed and cut only a single length or strip of tape at each use, but may be used to deliver as many lengths at a time as desired.
(2) Note. For machines having positive stop mechanisms requiring reinitiation of the mechanism after each cutting cycle, see subclass 203 supra.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
203 and see (1) Note above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Device in which the nonfeed motion is in a direction opposite to that in which the feeding element or driving portion moves when bringing about a feeding movement of the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
399 for interlocking relationship between work and tool movers, some of these devices permit tool actuation only upon reversal of position of a work-feed lever.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device having
means to permit a change in the number of stops and starts of the work-feed means between successive actuations of the tool actuating means, without necessitating the replacement of any machine part to bring about the change.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 for manually actuated means to disturb cyclic operation.
209 for work-sensing means to control work-moving or work-stopping means.
232 for a manually operated to feed more than one increment of work for any one cutting cycle, at the discretion of the operator.
238 for unequal work-feed increments in recurring series.
241 for means to vary magnitude of work-feed increment.
242 for multiple-length feed.
250 for means to produce a plurality of work-feed increments per tool cycle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device wherein means is provided to bring a portion of the work adjacent a tool station alternately to a halt and to a condition of forward motion by imparting to that portion of the work a succession of alternate backward and forward movements while the remainder of the work is undergoing continuous forward movement.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
236 for uninterrupted advance of work from supply source.
259 for a device wherein constantly moving feed elements (e.g., rotating feed rolls) are not always in effective engagement with work.
262 for a device wherein work dwell is effected by clamping or blocking the movement of a portion of the work without any provision being made for halting the movement of other portions thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device wherein transport means moves work continuously into or toward the machine, means being provided to cause or permit temporary halting and/or storage of a portion of the work during the cutting cycle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205 for work-feed dwell caused by clamping or blocking the work.
235 for work-feed dwell caused by imposing reverse motion on portion of flexible moving work.
280 for means to transport work to work-feed means.
284 and 350+, for tool engaging moving work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device wherein the tool or an array of tools which are actuated during one dwell period has such extent in the direction of work-feed that cuts made during successive dwell periods overlap or intermingle.
(1) Note. Devices in this subclass are frequently used to shred or cut small pieces from a web by serrated cutters.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 for possible overlapping cuts made by successively actuated tools.
249 for a machine modified to facilitate manual reorientation of workpiece, as when cutting or punching along a curved line.
255 for possible overlapping cuts made at plural tool stations.
916 for a nibbling machine.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Apparatus so organized that the amount of work fed differs from one feeding movement to another, the same amounts being fed in
later feed movements and in the same order.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
220 for means to feed work in certain different directions between tool strokes.
250 for means to produce a plurality of work-feed increments per tool cycle (certain of said increments may be of different extent than others).
393 for work-stopping abutment made effective in different positions between successive tool strokes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Device including a movable work support and an associated series of detents, to be engaged by cooperating means to stop the travel of the support in accordance with the location of such detents.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241 for means to vary magnitude of work-feed increment generally.
396 for interrelated tool actuation and means to release work-mover stop.
414 for a device comprising indexing means to orient a work carrier relative to a tool station.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device wherein means is provided for (a) adjusting the work-feed means to alter the amount fed in each increment, or (b) changing the position of the work relative to the work-feed means, or (c) changing the position of tool or work-feed means relative to the device as a whole, or (d) changing the location of one or both of the limits of travel of a tool in its cutting or retracting stroke, without necessitating replacement of any machine part to bring about such variation.
(1) Note. This does not include pattern-controlled adjustments of tool or work-feed, for which see subclass 71, supra.
(2) Note. This does not include temporary disturbance of cycle by manual intervention, for which see subclass 57, supra.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 and see (2) Note, above.
71 and see (1) Note, above.
209 and 211+, for work-moving or work-stopping means controlled by work-sensing means in a machine of subclass 202 type.
234 for means to vary number of work-feed increments between cuts.
249 for means enabling the shift of work relative to a work-feed means by an operator.
252 for means capable of producing an additional work-feed increment by intervention of an operator.
268 for work-feed increment limited or determined by work stop.
657 677, 696, 699.51+, for adjustable tool or tool support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Means to vary the length or amount of work fed toward the tool at each one of the series of stops and starts of the work which characterize the operation of a device of the type of subclass 202, without necessitating the replacement of any machine part to bring about such variation.
(1) Note. This subclass includes adjustment of work-feed by varying the effective length of a link or shape of a cam, where such link or cam is not part of the actual drive to the work-feed means, but is only a control element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 for machine which stops after cutting a predetermined number of products.
203 for unicyclic machine.
208 for work-length-determining means driven by the work (e.g., measuring wheel).
233 for devices which inherently permit the selection of a
length of stock to be cut (within a limit) by feeding the amount desired and then reversing the feed lever to cause cutting to occur.
234 for means to vary the number of work-feed increments between tool strokes.
268 for feed limited by work stop.
399 for a work-feed actuator or controller which can be manipulated in a direction to lock the work-feed means and permit or cause actuation of a tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Device which functions so to vary the work-feed increments that all such increments are whole number multiples of a predetermined base length.
(1) Note. Examples are ticket-issuing machines.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
234 for feeding of variable multiple lengths in stepwise manner between successive tool strokes.
250 for means to produce a plurality of work-feed increments between tool strokes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Device wherein the actuation of a work-feed-length determining means serves either to drive the cutting device through its cycle or to establish a connection to power means which so drives the cutting device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
203 for a unicyclic machine of this type.

This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Device wherein
the length of a work-feed increment may be varied by altering the effective dimension of a crank, link, or lever arm in the drive train of the work-feed mechanism.
(1) Note. Included here are adjustable lost-motion drive linkages.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241 for change of work-feed increment by change in length of a member of a control (not feed driving) linkage.

This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Device in which the crank, link or lever arm has a motion of revolution in one direction only.
(1) Note. An oscillatory driving link of this type will be found in subclass 244.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
244 and see (1) Note above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Device wherein the length of work-feed increment may be varied by altering the contour of that portion of a moving member which transmits or receives force to drive the work-feed mechanism.
(1) Note. Typical examples of work-feed adjustments included in this subclass are (a) changing the number of teeth used in a mutilated drive gear, (b) removing part of the tooth of a worm gear, (c) two cam segments in juxtaposition on a shaft may be made angularly adjustable relative to each other.
(2) Note. The adjustable cam or gear must be in the work-feed drive train itself, not merely in a control linkage, for which see subclass 241, supra.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241 for changing magnitude of work-feed increment by altering the effective shape of a cam or the like in a timing or control mechanism (not transmitting force to drive the
work-feed means), and see (2) Note, above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Device wherein a change in amount of travel of the work-feed mechanism is effected by altering the position or location of a normally stationary abutment which cooperates with a movable member in the work-feed mechanism.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include devices having an adjustable positioned "stop" located on a moving element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241 for an adjustable "stop" carried by a moving element.
244 for work-feed adjustment by shifting the location of the fulcrum point of a lever in the work-feed drive train.

This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Device wherein means is provided for varying the location (in the direction of tool travel) of one or both of the limits of travel of the tool in its cutting or retracting motion.
(1) Note. Examples are machines which turn out ticket strips - a number of incompletely severed tickets in each strip.
(2) Note. The variation may be cyclic or randomly controlled.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
74 for tool adjustment by a monitoring device.
215 for tool which has additional motion (e.g., repositioning motion) during cycle.
368 for tool adjustment by work-responsive means.
469 for adjustment of position or travel of carrier for rotatable disc tool.
523 for tool stroke or positioning adjustments, in general.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device which has certain parts modified especially to enable an operator to shift, reoriented or reposition the work relative to the work-feed means.
(1) Note. Such machines may permit the angular repositioning of the work about the tool cutting stroke as a center, to enable for example a change in the direction of a row of perforations without introducing an irregularity in spacing where the change is made.
(2) Note. Means to facilitate loading work into the work-feed means may be included (threading means) if it is disclosed as also usable to readjust the position of work while the machine is in operation.
(3) Note. Many nibbling machines are found in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
373 for interrelated tool actuating and work guide moving means.
415 for work carrier having additional work-locating means thereon, which may shift the work on the carrier.
455 for guide adapted to permit maneuvering of work at tool zone.
916 for nibbling machines.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device in whose operation the work is caused to undergo more than one advancement and stoppage for each stroke of tool, or is advanced successively by different feed means during one tool cycle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
111 for means to clear the freshly-cut edge of product (cut work) from a tool, by moving it relative to the tool, prior to the next work-feed increment, thereby in effect affording a plurality of increments between successive tool strokes.
206 for a work-moving clamp, which follows and supplements
an approximate work-feed by hand or mechanical means.
207 for an actuated abutment which can move work to a final position after a preliminary feed of work against the abutment.
219 for a machine wherein the work may be caused to move in different directions between successive tool strokes.
228 for supplemental work-feed means mounted on tool or tool support.
234 for means to vary the number of work-feed increments between strokes.
280 for means to move work into the effective range of work-feed means proper, and see (4) Note under subclass 251 for the distinction between supplemental work-feed means and work transport means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Device so constructed that work may be moved by more than one feed means acting at different times.
(1) Note. This subclass includes lateral positioning means, for instance.
(2) Note. This subclass includes work-feed means which may not be effective in every cycle, such as manually actuated means to correct the registry of the work, either by the provision of additional work-feed means or by provision of additional actuating means for the existing work-feed means.
(3) Note. The search notes under subclass 250 should be reviewed in relation to this and indented subclasses.
(4) Note. Supplemental work-feed means, in this and indented subclasses, is capable of and is normally utilized for the purpose of presenting work in correct amount and proper timed relation to the tool station, as distinguished from work transport means which merely forwards work to a work-feed means proper and which lacks the requisite timing or range of stroke to position the work for operation thereon by the tool.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
228 for supplemental work-feed means mounted on tool or tool support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Device wherein the supplemental feed means is actuated, or the conventional work-feed means is driven through additional motion, by the intervention of an operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
203 for a unicyclic machine in which an operator must intervene to pull the work through a certain distance in order to initiate a cutting cycle.
249 for means to facilitate manual repositioning or realignment of work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Device including a supplemental work-feed means which functions to move the work against a work-stop located for proper placement of the work.
(1) Note. The supplemental feed increment may be in any direction, but is limited by engagement of the work by a stop.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
207 for work brought into position by an actuated abutment.
239 for unequally spaced ratchet stops associates with a work carrier to effect unequal work-feed increments in recurring series.
268 for work-feed against a stop or guide for positioning thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Device provided with means to cause two or more stops to become effective in serial relationship to position the work for successive tool cycles.
(1) Note. The plurality of work stops are so disposed
and/or moved that not all of such stops are brought into work-abutting and stopping position for any one tool cycle and the identity of stops in such position varies cyclically.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
238 for means to produce unequal work-feed increments in recurring series.
278 for some disclosures of work-moving pusher elements which are successively effective.
393 for work stopping abutment(s) with cyclic means to alter work-stopping position between tool strokes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device having two or more tools disposed along the path of feed movement of work at such locations that each tool operates, in sequence and during different dwell periods, upon the same piece of work or the same feed-wise segments of indefinite length work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 for plural tools successively actuated in one general cutting zone during the same or different dwell periods.
217 for a tool arranged to engage the work a number of times during one dwell period.
237 for a machine whose work-feed increment is less than the dimension of a tool array indirection of work-feed, to produce overlapping, continuous, or intermingling cuts by the same tool or array of tools.
272 for plural work-feed paths in a cutting machine.
404 for means to feed work from one tool station to another.
620 for plural tools mounted on and actuated from same support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Device in
which the work is fed in different directions to the various tools in succession.
(1) Note. A "change in direction" may be a mere reversal of direction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
219 for a machine capable of feeding work in different directions between successive tool actuations.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device wherein the work-feeding motion is timed to take place while the tool is being withdrawn from the work after its cutting function has been performed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
218 for a tool which has work-feeding motion in addition to its cutting and retraction motion.
229 for work-feed means driven by tool or tool support during return movement of the tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device wherein the work-feed means is driven from a constantly rotating crankshaft through a Scotch yoke or connecting rod with no provision for work dwell other than the momentary halts that occur when the yoke or connecting rod passes through its extreme positions.
(1) Note. The yoke or rod may drive work-feed rolls through a double pawl-and-ratchet arrangement, whereby the feed is driven at each forward and each return stroke of the pitman (no half-revolution idle period as in a single-ratchet drive).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
235 for work-feed dwell caused by imposing reverse motion on a portion of flexible moving work, where all machine parts may be in motion during the dwell.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device which functions to move work by gripping engagement between a surface of the work and a surface of a continuously rotating reciprocating or oscillating member, the dwell being caused by separation of the frictionally engaged surfaces.
(1) Note. Subclass 260, indented hereunder, includes patents disclosing mutilated feed rolls to cause the intermittent feed.
(2) Note. This subclass includes feed grippers which during their advancing motion, release the work to effect the dwell as the grippers continue to reciprocate or oscillate between advanced and retracted positions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
259 for dwell caused by directly clamping or blocking the work.
260 and see (1) Note above.
269 for slippage of feed means on work, after work has engaged a stop or abutment.

This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Device wherein the continuously driven feed member has a frictional work-engaging surface which has been modified, as by cutting away portions thereof, to cause intermittent drive of the work by repeated engagement and disengagement of such surface therewith.
(1) Note. The dwell is caused by interruption of frictional driving engagement between feed element and work surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
246 for work-feed adjustment by changing the effective shape of a driving or driven element.
275 for a work-feed means whose dwell is produced by intermittent engagement of mutilated gearing.

This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Device wherein the frictional work engaging surface moves continuously in a circular or closed oval path.
(1) Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing opposed continuously moving feed rollers or feed belts which are alternately moved toward and away from each other to advance and to release the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
235 262, and 269, for other continuously rotating work-feed means in a machine of the subclass 202 type.
284 for continuously driven work-feed means in a machine of the flying cutter type.
350 for continuously driven work-feed means in a machine wherein no provision is made to stop the work.
436.1 for a cutting device with a roller to convey work wherein the cut is parallel to and during work movement.
436.3 for a cutting device with a roller to convey work, generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device wherein feed means continuously advances the work toward a position where it is acted on by a clamp or an abutment, which stops the movement of the portion of the work in the region of the cutting zone, or wherein the movement of such portion is stopped by the tool itself in its cutting stroke.
(1) Note. The work usually buckles or compresses during the time the clamp or abutment stop is effective and the tool is actuated.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
207 for work-stopping abutment which also moves the work to its correct position at the tool zone.
212 for a work-stopping abutment incorporated in a work-sensing means.
230 for clamp or work stop on tool or tool support.
236 for work continuously advanced to an intermittent work-feed means.
253 for work-stopping abutment cooperating with a supplemental work-feed means.
268 for work driven against a locating stop, by work-feeding mechanism or by the action of gravity alone, in a machine of the subclass 202 type.
269 for a work-stopping abutment which is effective to halt the work while it continues to be biased forwardly by feed means.
350 for tool with stroke transversely of moving work and timed therewith, no provision being made for stopping the work.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 343 for a conveyor a portion of which dwells at a work station while the conveyor continues to move along other portions of its conveying path.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device which incorporates means to assure, in connection with each starting or stopping of the work, the feeding or advancement of a predetermined length of work or the confinement of the rate of change of speed of the work to a desired range.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include adjustment of work-feed increment, as such, for which see subclasses 241+, supra.
(2) Note. A work-feed means as defined in this subclass is commonly used, for example, to prevent undesired, accidental, or unauthorized advance of the work during a dwell period, or to assure the full extent of advance of the work at each cycle, or to avoid damage to or inaccurate advance of the work caused by sudden starts and stops of the work-feed means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
234 241+, 250+, for feed adjustments.

This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Device wherein means is provided to prevent the overrunning of a work-feed means or its motion during any part of the cycle other than while it is being driven.
(1) Note. These devices may be utilized to prevent advance of work by tampering or unauthorized use, as in ticket-issuing machines, or may be used to handle certain kinds of workpieces with greater precision, reduce wastage, etc.
(2) Note. If overrunning is prevented by positive drive trains (double-acting cams, etc.), search the pertinent types of work-feeds.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
221 399+, for an interlock including control of work-feed means.
242 for a machine characterized by multiple-unit work-feed increments, which usually include means to prevent overrun or unauthorized work-feed operation.
274 for positive stop during dwell.
416 for a work conveyor and means to stop same.

This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Device including means to prevent reversal of direction of work-feed means before it has completed a predetermined travel.
(1) Note. The full stroke mechanism is frequently interlocked with the tool actuating means to prevent premature tool actuation; patents claiming the interlocking feature are originally classified in subclass 221.
(2) Note. In addition to its primary function of preventing underfeed of work, full stroke mechanism also prevents the advance of an excessive amount of work by repeated actuation of the work-feed means through partial strokes between successive tool strokes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
209 211+, for specific operations similarly controlled in machines of the subclass 202 type.
221 for interlock between work-feed and tool actuation, and see (1) Note above.
222 for tool actuation tripped by completion of work-feed and vice versa.
360 for operation controlled by means responsive to work.
416 for means to stop work-mover.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 17.5 for a full stroke compelling mechanism in general.
81, Tools, subclass 313 for a full stroke compelling mechanism in a plier-type tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device wherein an element of the means which moves the work to the tool zone also supports a tool (i.e., functions as a tool support as defined in the Definitions of terms for the class).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
218 for tool having work-feeding motion.
267 for some patents disclosing a tool mounted on a rotary work carrier.
322 for work-feeder mounted on support for flying cutter.
566 for tool which moves work to and against cooperating tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device provided with means (e.g., an indexing member) to carry the work through at least a portion of a circular path while in engagement with holding means, the work being acted upon by a tool while held on said means.
(1) Note. The presence of work-clamping means on the rotary member distinguishes it from a feed roll.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
323 for work-feed means carried by orbitally moving tool support, in a flying cutter.
325 for work gripper on endless belt work carrier in flying cutter machine.
411 for work carrier guided about axis fixed relative to tool station.
439 for means to guide work for pivotal motion about a fixed axis in the vicinity of a tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device provided with passive means which serve as an obstacle to limit movement of work in a given direction.
(1) Note. This subclass includes machines wherein the feed means moves the work to an inclined track, where it slides down against a stop, or wherein the work merely drops against such stop after being brought into the vicinity by feed means, or wherein the feed means drives the work against the stop.
(2) Note. In some cases, the work is caused or permitted to move back against an abutment which positions it for cutting.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
207 for actuated abutment which positions work prior to tool stroke.
253 for work moved against a stop by a supplemental work moving means.
391 for a work-stopping abutment actuated in timed relation to tool stroke.
396 for work-mover stop actuated in timed relation to tool stroke.
414 for means to stop work-mover, in general.
467 for a work-stopping abutment not claimed as functionally related to a tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 268. Device wherein
the feed means continues to move (and slips on the work), upon work contact with a stop element, the frictional driving engagement of the feed means with the work being overcome (interrupted) by the halting of the work in the feeding area.
(1) Note. Devices found in this subclass provide for slippage of the feed means on the blocked work rather than slippage at some point in the drive train.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
262 for continuously driven feed means and work clamp or stop, with no provision for slippage (work must buckle up or distort).
350 for continuously fed work acted upon by a transversely moving tool, with no provision for slippage (work must buckle up or distort) and work movement is checked only momentarily as an incidental effect of contact therewith of the tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device wherein a work guideway and feed means are located both at one side of the work path, leaving the other side of the path unobstructed.
(1) Note. Machines thus modified are capable of operating on a very wide object or strip, also can operate at or near the periphery of an irregularly shaped object, such as a shoe sole.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
219 for variable direction of work-feed from cycle to cycle.
249 for machine modified to facilitate manual shift or repositioning of work.
373 for interrelated tool actuation and work guide movement.
445 for work guide adapted to permit manual shift of work relative to a tool station.
914 for flash trimmer.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device wherein provision is made in the work-feed mechanism to keep it from interfering with or being touched by the moving tool.
(1) Note. Conveyor belts with openings registering with the tool, belts with loop at the cutting station, etc., are included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
266 for tool supported on work-feed means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device including separate feed means for advancing two or more lines of web or stock material, or successions of workpieces along different routes to the same tool or to different tools.
(1) Note. This does not include separate rolls or belts or sectionalized rolls on common shafts, which feed work in the same general plane or along converging or diverging paths.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 for work being fed in different directions to and between a plurality of tools for sequential operations by said tools on the same general areas of the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device wherein step-by-step work-feed motion is obtained by means of modified rotary gearing which periodically interrupts the flow of power to the feed means during continued rotation of a portion of the gearing.
(1) Note. This subclass includes only those devices wherein a rotary gear or element rigid therewith drives the work-feed means intermittently.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241 for disclosures of work-feed adjustment by altering an effective number of teeth in intermittent gearing which controls, but does not drive, a work-feed device.
246 for an interrupted gear drive wherein the effective number of driving gear teeth is adjustable to vary the work-feed increment.

This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Device in which the gearing has portions which interrupt the motion of a driven portion thereof and hold it at a standstill for predetermined intervals during the rotation of the driving gear.
(1) Note. Examples are Geneva stop mechanism, and the "Drunken Worm".

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
264 for means in general, to prevent random or excessive feed movement.

This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Device in which the increments of work-feed correspond to toothed portions of the periphery of a rotatable body which cooperates with another toothed rotatable body in the driving train for the work contacting feeding means, and the intervals of time during which the feed means is not driven correspond to untoothed portions of the first named rotatable body.
(1) Note. In this subclass, the gearing merely periodically interrupts the flows of power to work-feed means, but is not designed to lock the latter in position during the dwell intervals, for which see subclass 274.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241 for adjustable gearing which controls the timing of work-feed drive means but which does not itself drive said means.
246 for some disclosures of mutilated gearing in work-feed drives.
274 and see (1) Note above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Means including a member which engages and advances bodily with the work towards the cutter.
(1) Note. The work-feed means may reciprocate; i.e., travel along the same path on its return stroke as it traveled in its feeding stroke; or it may return from its feeding stroke along a different path (such as a "four motion" feed, or an endless belt conveyor).
(2) Note. The work engaging member may undergo a return movement after each feed increment, or after a succession of work-feed increments.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
267 for means to move work step-by-step in an arcuate path said means having no distinct (e.g., reverse) return movement.
409 for other rectilinear work-mover means including a work-constrainer.
435.11 for a cutting device having a rectilinearly moving work carriage and tool adapted to cut parallel to the direction of and during work movement.
437.1 for a cutting device having a rectilinearly moving work carriage and a tool, generally.
730 for a cutting device including a rectilinearly moving work carriage and including means to cause the cutting device to make plural passes through a diminishing workpiece, including means to effect incremental movement toward the plane of cut.

This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Device including opposed solid members arranged to hold frictionally a portion of the work to draw the work with them and thus present the work to the tool.
(1) Note. A gripper is a device comprising a plurality of opposed jaws or surface elements relatively movable to engage opposed surfaces of a workpiece and thereby apply sufficient force to enable advancement of the workpiece by said jaws or surfaces through their frictional engagement with said workpiece, i.e., in a direction substantially parallel to the
surface elements or jaw faces.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
267 for rotary work carrier comprising work grippers or abutments.
276 for rectilinear or oscillatory feed device which holds work by other than frictional gripping or positive abutting engagement (e.g., suction or magnetic holders.
294 319, 323, 325, for work-feeding grippers in flying-cutting machines.
409 for work-constraining means on workmover.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 468.2 and 470.1+ for a conveyor having load-gripping members.

This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Device in which the work-feed means comprises a member which engages in an opening in the work or which positively pushes the work.
(1) Note. Impaling points or fingers which form their own recesses or openings in the work are included here.
(2) Note. Push bars and the like which directly engage and push the work are included here. The "abutment surface" engaged by such pusher may be the rear edge of the work as well as any other salient portion.
(3) Note. A feed member having a rough toothed, or corrugated surface to engage work, if opposed by another moving surface so as to clamp the work, would be classified in subclass 277, but if opposed only by a stationary work-supporting surface or work guide, or by the mere weight of the work itself, would generally be regarded as imbedded in the work or abutting it within the scope of the definition of subclass 278.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
277 and see (1) Note above.
423 for projections on work mover (e.g., pinwheel).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 388 and 854+ for a
conveyor having a holder that contacts the interior of the conveyed load, subclasses 692+ for a conveyor having load impalers, and subclasses 717+ and others for a conveyor that pushes a load supported on a separate platform.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device including active or passive means which move or exert control on the work (other than by merely supporting it against gravity) before it reaches the means-to-feed it to the cutting zone.
(1) Note. The first named means (guiding, positioning, or transport) is not adequate of itself to present the work properly to the tool zone.
(2) Note. The first named means may merely orient or "square up" the work being presented to the work-feed means, or it may control the timing of work presentation to the latter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
236 for means to effect uninterrupted advance of work from supply source to work-feed means.
250 for means to produce a plurality of work-feed increments per tool cycle.
255 for means to feed work successively to plural tools.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, appropriate subclasses relating to plural conveyors which successively carry a load.

This subclass is indented under subclass 279. Device which comprises means to carry work from a source of supply and transfer it to the means effective to present the work to the cutter.
(1) Note. The transport means serves to advance work to the work-feed means proper, but is not adequate in itself to move the work in correct amount and proper timed relationship to the tool station, and is thus distinguishable from a
work-feed means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
236 for continuous advance of work to a feeding and cutting machine having work-feed dwell.
250 for means to produce a plurality of work-feed increments in a tool cycle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Device which includes mechanism to engage articles, usually one at a time, withdraw them from position in a magazine or stack holder, and present them successively to a work advancing means or to the work-feed means proper.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
417 for such work-picking means associated with other types of tool and work-feeding means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device including opposed solid means to contact the halted work and maintain or retain the work frictionally in a fixed position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
206 for a machine of the subclass 202 type which employs a clamp to move the work into position.
259 264, 277, for a disclosure of a device having a work clamping function in addition to its primary function of feeding work or controlling the feed of work.
262 for a machine whose work-feed dwell is caused by clamping the work.
294 319, 323, for a device to grip moving work in a flying cutter type of machine.
375 for a work clamp actuated by or in timed relation to the motion of a tool or the tool feeding means.
452 for a cutting device having a clamp associated
therewith, in general.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Device wherein the tool is caused to start from rest in a retracted position and travel through its cutting cycle returning to its initial position and to stop there, by automatic clutching and declutching means while other machine parts continue in motion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for randomly actuated stopping means, which includes many disclosures of a clutch in a tool actuating drive train, some of these disclosures including a clutch of the one-revolution type.
203 for unicyclic operation of a cutting machine of the type wherein a tool engages the work during the dwell period of an intermittent work-feed.
210 211+, 369, 370+, for tool actuation controlled by work-sensing means.
285 for an intermittently initiated flying cutter action.
359 for tool actuation controlled by means responsive to product.
380 for sequencing control of interrelated clamp and tool means.
484 and 524+, for unicyclic tool actuation.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device which includes means to move one or more tools into cutting engagement with the work while the work is being moved to and through a cutting zone to produce (a) spatially unconnected, or (b) undulant (e.g., zigzag) cuts, and in which the tool's movement includes, as a necessary factor, motion in the direction of such work movement.
(1) Note. These devices are commonly known as "flying cutters".
(2) Note. See section IV, Glossary, of the Class 83
Definition for the definition of "flying".
(3) Note. The direction of movement of the work, to and through the cutting zone; i.e., feed direction, is determined by the law of operation of the disclosed machine, even though the work-feed means is not claimed. Accordingly, this and the indented subclasses do not require that means to feed the work be claimed. Thus, patents for means to cut manually fed work may be included here if the other requirements of the definition are met.
(4) Note. This and the indented subclasses are limited to devices which engage the work so that cuts made by the same tool are spaced from each other or produce a nonrectilinear slot or slit. Patents for cutters which continuously engage the work, even though they have a component of motion in the direction of work-feed which has no affect on the resultant cut, such as band knives and rotary disc slitters, will be found in other areas of the schedule. The test is whether the "flying" motion has any affect on the desired shape of cut.
(5) Note. Since indented subclasses 321+ is limited to patents which disclose a tool having a cutting blade which moves in an orbital path, this subclass, (284) has been chosen as the residual repository for those patents which disclose an orbiting anvil and a cooperating nonorbiting bladed tool, and which do not disclose a feature set out in the schedule above subclass 321.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for corresponding methods of cutting.
201 for an endless flexible band knife; and see (4) Note above.
350 for a device in which the tool has a stroke which is timed with respect to moving work, which stroke does not have a component in the direction of work-feed at the time of cut.
469 for a rotary disc cutter; and see (4) Note above.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, 70, 129+, 185+, and 203+ for a "flying cutter" means in a moving work metal deforming apparatus.
82, Turning, subclass 53.1, for a cut-off means having a motion component in the direction of work-feed.
101, Printing, appropriate subclasses, for similar apparatus for treating moving work, as by printing or embossing rather than by cutting.
234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), subclass 50, for a
selective cutting device having flying cutting tools.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Device wherein there is provided a mechanism which periodically starts a tool from a position of rest, moves the tool to and through the work, and brings the tool to rest for a dwell period.

This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Device provided with a detector* for work, a transmitter*, and means to initiate or effect a tool action as a direct or indirect result of the receipt by said means of a detected and transmitted signal or impulse.
(1) Note. For convenience in terminology, in this and indented subclasses, the compound movement of a flying tool will be referred to in terms of two components, one being the tool "flying movement" (defined in the Glossary for the class), and the other being the tool "feed movement)" (defined as that component of motion directed only toward the work, i.e., toward the other tool of a tool pair). The distinction between the named components is not an arbitrary one; in the schedule, and in the placement of patents, components are significant as to those patents which disclose separate actuating means to give the tool its respective flying and feed movements. Thus a patent to a rotary cutter of the "lawnmower" type (such as is found, per se, in subclasses 331+ below) and including work-responsive tool actuating means, will be found in a generic subclass such as 290 rather than in a subclass characterized by the type of feed or flying movement such as subclasses 291 or 292, respectively.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass (286) are patents disclosing tools revolving about a fixed axis (e.g., lawnmower type), which tools are actuated by a mechanically operating detector and transmitter. For similar structure wherein the detector is a photocell, see subclass 289; and wherein it is otherwise part of an electrical circuit, see subclasses 290+, indented hereunder.
(3) Note. For other subclasses providing for work-sensing mechanism and control means responsive thereto, see subclasses 399+ under the heading "Search This Class, Subclass".

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
308 for patents in which the flying component of the tool's motion is derived entirely from the engagement of the tool with the moving work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Device provided with means to alter the dimension of the product in the direction of work movement.
(1) Note. For the purpose of this subclass, the length of a product is that dimension defined above regardless of the magnitude of that dimension relative to other dimensions; thus, as to this subclass, the length of a product may be smaller than the width thereof if short pieces are cut from relatively wide work.
(2) Note. Examples of the means defined above are means to effect (a) variation of the position of the work sensor relative to the cutter and (b) variation of the time elapsed between the sensing of work and the initiation of the tool action in response to said sensing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
363 for other product length changing apparatus responsive to work-sensing means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Device provided with means to alter the longitudinal dimension of the first product cut from a workpiece with respect to the longitudinal dimension of the remaining products cut from the same workpiece.
(1) Note. The work "crop" is an art term referring to that end portion of a workpiece which is so irregular in contour or composition as to be considered waste material. To produce regular sheets from a rolled slab, for instance, waste or "crop" may be trimmed from the leading and/or trailing end of the slab, the intermediate cuts producing the usable products which are usually of longer dimension than the crop and of similar dimension as between successive usable products.
(2) Note. Included herein are patents also disclosing means
to change the length of intermediate products so that a short trailing "crop" end may be cut.

This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Device in which the detector includes a means responsive to light to energize an electrical circuit, and the detection of work is effected by a change in the quantity or quality of the light received by said means either directly (as by work's moving between said means and the source of said light), or indirectly (as by reflection from the work).
(1) Note. Examples of the means referred to above are vacuum tubes and other light-sensitive detectors.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for a photoelectric work sensor in a "self-regulating" device.
365 for other apparatus responsive to photoelectric work-sensing means and see Notes thereto.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 200, for photocell detector and circuit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Device in which the transmitter includes an electrical circuit to initiate cutter action, and in which the detector includes a make-break portion in said circuit.
(1) Note. Contact of the work with the trip switch may be either direct, or indirect, as by engagement of the work with a lever or linkage connected to the trip switch.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass (290) are patents disclosing rotary flying tools of the type classified in subclasses 331+, which tools are actuated by a trip switch.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
372 for other operating means responsive to trip switch work-sensing means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, 61.13, 61.19+, 61.41, and 61.42+, for a detector switch, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Device including a cutter having a means for accomplishing its feed movement, separate and distinct from a means for accomplishing its flying movement, whose feed movement (at least) is started by the work-responsive detector and transmitter.
(1) Note. See (1) Note to subclass 286 for definition of the terms "feed movement" and "flying movement".

This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Device in which the actuation of both (a) the means for accomplishing flying movements, and (b) the means for accomplishing feed movement, is initiated by the same signal or impulse.

This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Device provided with a cutter having a means for accomplishing its flying movement, separate and distinct from a means for accomplishing its feed movement, whose flying movement (at least) is started by a work responsive detector and transmitter.

This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Device provided with means, connected to and traveling with the cutter and/or its support, to firmly secure the work to the support for the period during which the work is moving and the tool is cutting.
(1) Note. Included herein are patents disclosing devices wherein a work-responsive flying gripper is actuated to secure the flying support to the moving work, thus effecting flying movement of the cutter. Also included herein are patents disclosing work-responsive mechanism to actuate concurrently a driving means for the flying movement of the tool and a work gripping means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Device including means responsive to the speed of the work or of the work-moving means for regulating the speed of the means for accomplishing flying movement of the cutter.

This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Device provided with means for changing the number of occurrences of tool-action-starting with respect to either a given duration of time or to the passage of a given amount of work past the tool.
(1) Note. Patents disclosing the adjustment defined above may disclose that this adjustment is for the purpose of changing the length of product cut from the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
287 for work-responsive means to vary length of product of a "flying" cutter.
369 for work-driven measuring means to cut different product lengths, in general.

This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Device in which the means to vary the frequency of the tool-action-starting mechanism includes at least two means, one of said means comprising an element which, when activated, effects the initiation of the tool action, the other of said means comprising a plurality of pin members moving in a closed path, one or more of which pin members along the closed path may be selectively positioned so as to
describe a second closed path (parallel to the first named path) which intersects the location of such element at the selected position(s) along the first named path, whereby the positioned pin member(s) will intermittently or periodically engage and move, or otherwise activate, the element in the desired frequency of occurrences.
(1) Note. The positionable pins may be mounted on a wheel or endless chain for movement in the first named closed path, and any selected pin may be shifted into the second closed path either manually or by mechanical means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Device in which both the work-feed means and the means to move the tool through a cutting action or cycle are provided with independent power trains, each of which trains has a speed changing means which is adjustable to vary the speed of its driven element (tool or work respectively), and a common mechanism is provided to interdependently regulate the several speed changers so that an adjustment of one will be accompanied by an adjustment of the other.
(1) Note. A mere common drive does not fall within the meaning of this subclass, and will be found below; e.g., in subclass 339.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
311 for a device to regulate the tool speed of flying cutters.
312 for a device to regulate the work-feed of flying cutters.
339 for interconnected work-feed and cutter drives, and see (1) Note above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Device wherein means is provided to change the lapse of time between the initiation of one tool cycle and the initiation of a subsequent tool cycle and which at the same time maintains the flying speed of the tool the same as it was before the change was made.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
311 for a device which merely regulates the tool speed of a flying cutter.
324 for means to vary the tool speed cyclically.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Device wherein more than one flying cutter is provided, and one of the cutters makes a cut in the work which is different from the cut made on the same work by the other cutter or cutters.
(1) Note. The difference in tool structures is not merely one dimensional extent.
(2) Note. Included herein, for example, are flying cutters which sequentially punch and cut off the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
303 for plural separately mounted flying cutters which may make similar cuts in the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Device wherein there is provided both a cutter of the type defined in subclass 284 and a cutter of this class not falling within that definition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Device wherein the other cutter makes a continuous cut in the work through its thickness in a direction which is substantially parallel to the direction of movement of the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
408 for means to move the work between a slitting station and a transverse cutter station.
425 for a slitter, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 525 for longitudinal slitting of material being wound.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Device wherein more than one tool of the type defined in 284 is provided and the tools are independently supported for separate operation in the device.
(1) Note. Included, for example, are two rotary flying cutters, each rotated at a different speed, and each operating on a different portion of a web which has been slit into two portions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
300 for plural diverse flying cutters.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Device wherein the tool is cyclically operated, and wherein a means is provided to permit or prohibit cutting during the cycle.
(1) Note. A tool pass (as applied in the title and definition of this and indented subclass) refers to a sweep of the tool along with the work and including both its flying motion and whatever feed motion is present. A pass may be rendered ineffective to cut the work by a change in tool motion (either in its flying or feed movements), or by a change of work-feed motion, or both.
(2) Note. Patents disclosing operator actuated means to render a tool pass ineffective will be found here.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 for a device in which the cyclic operation of the cutter is stopped by an intervening force and is resumed upon release of the force.
306 for a device in which the work is shifted laterally into the path of the cutter to effect a cut.

This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Devices wherein means is provided to cause a cutter to make a plurality of passes at the work in the direction of work-feed, and the said means causes the work to be cut in certain of the passes and not to be cut in other passes according to a predetermined pattern.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
304 for a flying cutter having manually operated means to render a cutter pass ineffective.
306 for a work shifter which deflects the work out of a noncutting feed path into the path of the tool.
528 for a device having means to move a tool away from the cutting plane while the tool continues to cycle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Device wherein is provided a means at or near the cutter which bodily moves the work at an angle to the existing direction of work-feed, into and out of the path of the cutter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
304 for a flying cutter combined with means which are manually operated to render a cutter pass ineffective.

This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Device wherein sensing means responsive to advancing work causes the actuation of the work shifter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
286 for a device to initiate the tool action in response to a sensing of the work.
399 and the Notes thereunder for the loci of other patents disclosing a device actuated by a work sensor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Device wherein the flying cutter is an elongated member having a diameter which is relatively insignificant as compared to its length, which member enters the work in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the member and produces a severance of the work without any appreciable flow of material.
(1) Note. Because of the "planeless" nature of wire cutters, devices embodying such cutters have structural and operational features peculiar only to such devices. Such features (e.g., wire guides, tool infeed means) will be found in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
200.1 for a cutting device which operates by increasing the tension on a work-enclosing wire.
651.1 for a wire, cutting tool, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 307.1. Device wherein the wire tool is mounted on a tool support, which support moves back and forth in a direction parallel to the direction of the moving work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 307.2. Device wherein the tool support, in addition to its reciprocating movement, also rotates the tool about an axis which is parallel to the direction of movement of the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Device wherein means is provided to move the tool or a member connected to the tool into contact with or in the path of the moving work, so that the tool or member is moved (e.g., dragged or pulled)
along by the work at the same speed as the work, and this contact is the sole motive force which moves the tool in the direction of work-feed at the time of cutting.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
222 for a tool of the type there classified in which the tool motion initiates work-feed and vice versa.

This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Device wherein the tool is resilient, and wherein the tool gives or bends in the direction of work-feed when it contacts the work and springs back to a ready position when disengaged from the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
542 for means to move or permit movement of tool through cutting cycle by deforming a resilient tool or tool support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Device wherein there is provided adjacent the cutter a holding or confining element for the work, and this element moves coincidentally with the cutter in the direction of work-feed during the cutting cycle to carry the weight of the work or steady it.
(1) Note. The flying supports classified in this subclass are often used when delicate or fragile material such as paper straw tubes are cut.
(2) Note. The devices in this subclass are distinguished from the devices in subclasses 319, 322, and 325 below in that the latter not only guide or support the work against gravity, but also positively move the work in feed direction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
319 and see (2) Note above.
322 and see (2) Note above.
325 and see (2) Note above.
373 for other types of tools having interrelated tool feed
and work guide moving means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Device including means to vary the flying speed of the cutter.
(1) Note. Devices which increase the flying speed of rotary cutters by increasing the effective radius of the cutters are not here but in subclasses 331+ below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for a method of cyclically varying the tool feed.
295 for means controlling flying speed dependent on work speed.
298 for interrelated control of work-feed and tool speed.
312 for a device having work-feed speed regulation.
331 and see (1) Note above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Device wherein means is provided to vary the rate at which the work is advanced to the cutter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
263 for means to control the magnitude or acceleration of work-feed to the type of tool there classified.
298 for a device having interrelated controls for varying both cutter and feed speed.
429 for means to effect difference between rate of work-feed and speed of a nonflying tool in continuing contact therewith.

This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Device wherein
means is provided to change the rate at which the work is advanced during each cycle of the tool.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for a method of cyclically varying the work-feed.
324 for means to cyclically vary the tool speed of an orbitally moving tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Device which includes a resilient or elastic element connected to the tool or its supporting structure to resist movement in a work-feed direction, and which element urges the tool back to its initial position after the work has been cut.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
582 for a constantly urged (e.g., spring biased) tool or tool support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Device in which the tool or its support is mounted on a member which is pivoted to swing back and forth, along the path of work movement about such pivot as an axis.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
258 for the type of cutter there classified wherein the feed means has an oscillatory motion.
491 for a rotatable disc cutter on an oscillating standard.

This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Device in which two tools cooperate to produce a cut, and the tools are mounted on the same pivoted flying member so as to oscillate about the same point.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
320 for plural tools mounted on the same rectilinearly shuttling carrier.

This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Device in which one of the cooperating tools is pivotally mounted to move independently on the oscillating flying member on the backward movement of such member so as not to engage the work on the backward movement of the flying member.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Device which includes a means on which the tool or its support is mounted, and which means is caused to travel back and forth in a straight line path adjacent the path of the work-feed, and wherein the cutting tool is caused to move cyclically into and out of engagement with the work during its forward travel to cut the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Device in which there is means other than the tool to temporarily fasten the work to the carrier during the movement of the carrier in the work-feed direction.
(1) Note. The clamping may be effected by a member which serves as an anvil in the cutting operation or by a part of a tool other than the cutting edge.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
186 for means to secure hollow work to a movable tool support.
308 for a flying cutter in which the flying motion of the tool is derived solely by its contact with the work.
310 for a flying work support or guide.

This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Device in which two tools cooperate to produce a cut and both are mounted on the same carrier.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
316 for a device in which both tools are mounted upon an oscillating standard.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Device wherein the cutter blade travels in a closed loop.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
201 for an endless flexible band knife which travels in a closed loop and continuously engages work.
331 for a cutter which travels in a circular path.

This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Device wherein the cutter support, or means mounted on the cutter support advances the work through the cutting zone or holds the work while it is being cut.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
225 for work-feed controlled by means mounted on the tool or tool support where the tool engages the work during a dwell on intermittent work-feed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Device in which thework-feeder includes means to grasp or hold the work immobile with respect to the feeder.

This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Device including means to change the peripheral speed of the cutter during a portion (only) of the tool cycle.
(1) Note. This feature is ordinarily utilized to enable changes in the length of the workpiece to be cut off, without necessitating changes in speed of work-feed or other major adjustments.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for methods of varying the tool and/or work-feed cyclically.
313 for means to vary the work speed cyclically.

This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Device in which a continuous belt includes or has cooperating therewith a means to grasp the work and advance it.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are devices having two feed belts clamping the work between themselves in order to advance the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
322 for a tool carried work-feeding clamp.

This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Device in which the tool or its support is mounted on a flexible, continuous, closed loop structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
661 for an endless band or belt-type tool, per se.
788 for an endless flexible band knife machine.

This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Device wherein there is provided a mechanism which moves the cutting tool in a curved path immediately before, during and immediately after its work cutting operation and, at all times during this operation, maintains the tool in planes which are parallel to each other.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Device wherein a pair of tools coact with each other to cut the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Device wherein the tool is a relatively thin member of generally circular cross section mounted to rotate about an axis extending thickness-wise therethrough, and wherein means is provided to move the axis in an orbital path.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are tools having saw-toothed or serrated peripheral edges.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
425 for a rotary disc cutter in combination with means to move work thereto, and whose axis does not itself have an orbital motion.
469 for a rotatable disc tool pair (or tool and carrier) whose axes (or axis) do not have an orbital motion during the cutting operation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Device wherein the disc is journaled to rotate about its axis, but no power means is provided to effect such rotation; any rotation which does not take place is due solely to the engagement of the cutter with the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Device in which the cutter blade tool is mounted on an axis of rotation to travel in a circle about such axis.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
315 for a cutter which oscillates back and forth in an arc of a circle.
321 for a cutter which travels in a closed loop which is not a circle and see the Notes thereof for search references.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, particularly 205, 240, 276, 292, 307, and 319 for rotary cutters of the type there classified.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Device in which the tool has an annular cutting edge which extends around only a portion of the circumference of the tool support, and which edge extends in a plane parallel to the direction of work-feed.
(1) Note. Rotary punches; i.e., tools having a plurality of punches mounted around the periphery of the tool support have not been considered as slitters or slotters for this subclass, but have been classified in other subclasses under 331 on the structure claimed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
425 for a rotatable disc tool in combination with means to move work thereto, which tool cuts a continuous slit or slot in the work as the work is fed past the cutter.
469 for a rotatable disc tool pair or tool and carrier.
676 for a rotatable disc tool, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Device provided with a cutter including a cutting edge on the periphery of said cutter, in which a development (in the sense of the term as used in descriptive geometry) of the cutting edge from said periphery into a plane forms a zigzag or sinuous line.
(1) Note. Included herein are rotatable circular cutters known in the art as "pinkers", "pinking wheels" and "pinking machines". The terms are so well known that the shape of the edge as defined above is rarely recited precisely; hence mere recitation in the claim (s) of such art terms or similar terms is considered sufficient for classification herein.
(2) Note. Patents in which the cut is of the form known as "scalloped" will also be found herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
428 for a device which produces an undulant cut by reciprocating a slitting blade laterally of the direction of work-feed.
918 for pinking digest.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Device in which means is provided to cause a cutter to start from a position of rest, rotate sufficiently to cause one cutting operation to take place, and then assume a position of rest.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
203 for a unicyclic operation where a tool engages work during a dwell feed.
285 for a device to intermittently cause a tool action of a flying cutter to be initiated.
484 for a unicyclic operation of a rotary disc slitter.
524 for a unicyclic cutting machine in general.

This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Device wherein means is provided to cause the tool to rotate substantially 360 degrees during the single cutting operation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 for a device for stopping a cutting tool after a predetermined number of cutting cycles.
283 for a one revolution clutch drive mechanism in a device in which the tool engages the work during a feed dwell.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Device wherein means is provided to shift or flex the work in a direction generally normal to the direction in which it is fed to the cutter, said means acting on the work intermediate the supply source of the work and the cutting zone of the machine; e.g., so as to vary the amount of work fed to the cutter without changing the speed of the work-feed means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
236 for a loop former in the type of cutting apparatus there classified.
350 for incidental buckling of work during cutting.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Device including means to effect a supplemental movement of the tool, other than that of rotation about its axis, during the cutting cycle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
185 for a tool, inside hollow work, which tool or a second tool coacting therewith has compound motion.
327 for a tool having compound motion, which motion keeps the tool constantly oriented in a plane maintained by the tool at all other times during the cutting operation.
557 for cooperating cutters having a cyclic movement into and out of operating position in addition to their tool stroke.

This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Device in which means is provided to move the cutter, during its rotation, back and forth in the direction of its axis of rotation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Device wherein means is provided to feed the work to the cutting means, and said two means are connected to each other by a power train so that they both may be driven from a single power source.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
231 for a device in which the means to feed the tool during a dwell in the work-feed is controlled by the work-feed mechanism.
298 for interrelated control of tool and work-feed drives, and see (1) Note to that subclass (298).

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Device in which the cutter is a spiral blade mounted on an axis of rotation, which axis extends in the direction of work-feed, so that the cut proceeds inwardly from the side of the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
342 for a helically mounted cutter making a progressive transverse cut in which the axis of the cutter is transverse to the direction of work-feed.
672 for a helical cutter, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Device wherein means is provided to begin the cut at one edge or point of the work and thereafter continues along the work in a straight line, in a direction which is not parallel to the
direction of the work-feed, to a different edge or point.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
595 for means to effect a progressive cut of a revolving tool moving through a recess in a work holder or in a cooperating tool.
596 for means to effect a progressive cut of a revolving tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Device in which the cutter is mounted spirally around its axis of revolution.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
340 for a helically bladed tool whose axis extends in the direction of work-feed.
672 for a rotatable helical tool, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Device which includes a second edged cutting tool, or other coacting surface (e.g., anvil), mounted on an axis of rotation to travel in a circle, which axis is parallel to the axis of rotation of the first tool, and wherein the first tool and the second tool or other coacting surface together effect the cutting action.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
505 for a tool pair comprising a rotatable disc tool and a cylindrical anvil.
509 for a tool pair comprising a rotatable anvil and a fixed tool.
659 for a rotatable anvil tool, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
492, Roll or Roller, see section III, References to Other Classes, of the Class 492 definition, for the loci of other roll pairs with working surfaces.

This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Device having means to adjust, move or permit movement of the axes of rotation of the cooperating tools toward or away from each other in order to vary the distance between the tools.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
495 for a rotatable disc tool pair including means to adjust there between.
663 particularly subclass 677 for a rotary tool adjustable with respect to their supports.

This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Device in which cutting members mounted on each of the two axis of rotation interdigitate with respect to each other.

This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Device in which the backup has a smooth faced surface that is engaged by the cutter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
659 for a rotatable anvil, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 346. Device in which the facing of the backup is made of elastic or yieldable material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Device in which means is provided to continually urge, as by a spring, one of the tools which may be a coacting surface with respect to its mounting, or to continually urge the mounting of such tool with respect to another tool mounting to effect cutting cooperation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
345 for cooperating rotary cutters which overlap each other during the cutting operation.
506 for a disc blade and cylindrical anvil cutting couple resiliently urged together.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Device wherein the rotary cutter coacts with a cutter fixed in position to cut the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
355 for similar art where the rotary tool does not have a component of motion in the direction of work-feed during the cutting operation.
509 for a tool pair comprising a rotary anvil and fixed type cutter.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including a tool which is actuated in synchronism with advancing work, to cut such work while the latter is passing through the tool station; the tool, during its passage through the work, following a path which is substantially perpendicular to the direction in which the work is moving.
(1) Note. The portion of the work near the cutter may be blocked thereby during and incidental to the cut, causing a buckling or compression of the work. If, however, a patent contains a definite teaching that a dwell is caused in the work motion, such patent will be placed in subclasses 202+, particularly subclasses 262+. Usually the tool stroke* is rapid, and the work springs or falls back to its normal
condition between tool strokes.
(2) Note. For a patent to be placed as an original copy in this and indented subclasses, it is not necessary that a work-feed means be claimed if it is evident (from the claimed subject matter) that work is in motion and that a definite timed relationship exists between the work motion and the tool actuation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
202 for a device in which a tool engages work during the dwell period between successive increments of work-feed, and subclass 262, indented thereunder, for a device wherein work-feed means is operated continuously, but the work is halted during cutting by engagement therewith by a clamp, abutment, or the tool itself, and see (1) Note, above.
284 for tool having motion component in direction of moving work, and in particular subclass 349, indented thereunder for rotary transverse cutter with axis offset from work-feed path.
401 for a device to move work toward a tool station.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), subclass 49, for a selective cutting device which operates on moving work; and subclass 50 for such a device with flying cutters.

This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Device in which a work-feed means acts during the tool stroke upon a portion of the work spaced from the tool and in a direction not intersecting the cutting zone, whereby the work is caused to pivot about the portions thereof which are successively engaged by the tool, to effect a generally curved or irregular line of cut.
(1) Note. The action is similar to that of an operator using a pair of scissors to cut a curved piece out of tin or cardboard.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for a cutting machine controlled by a perforated record.
215 for a machine of intermittent work-feed type wherein a tool has motions additional to its cutting stroke.
353 for a tool traveling laterally across a moving web.
411 for means to guide a work carrier about a fixed axis relative to a tool station.
439 for a work guide which permits rotation of the work about a fixed axis.
565 for tool motion (usually other than rectilinear) controlled by a templet.

This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Device provided with work-carrying structure which is drivingly connected to tool-actuating means so that movement of the work-carrying structure transmits power from itself to a tool to cause the latter to cut the moving work.
(1) Note. One tool is sometimes fixed to the work support, and a cooperating tool moved by linkage connected thereto.
(2) Note. The concept of this subclass is distinguished from that of a "flying cutter" by the fact that here the work may be at rest in the cutting zone at the start of the operation. Thus the actuated tool of this subclass may have a component of motion in the direction of the moving work.
(3) Note. The work-carrying structure constitutes or is part of work-moving means, hence is distinguishable from a "work-responsive" detector or sensing means, for which see subclasses 360+.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
284 for a tool which has a component of motion during cutting in the direction in which the work enters the cutting zone.
360 for operation controlled by means responsive to work.
409 for other work-carrying structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Device wherein the tool is of small dimension relative to the dimension of the work in the direction of the tool stroke, and the tool progresses along the moving work in an edge-to-edge direction thereof.
(1) Note. This type of movement usually produces a bevel or bias cut.
(2) Note. The relatively narrow tool offers little resistance to feeding movement of the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
483 for a rotatable disc type of tool traveling from edge to edge of work.
614 for a reciprocating tool which travels from edge to edge of a sheet or web.

This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Device provided with means to change the time interval between any two successive cutting strokes with respect to the length of work fed during such interval, without the necessity of replacing any machine parts to effect such change.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
240 for adjustable tool or work-feed in machines of the step-by-step intermittent feed type, and subclass 234 for varying the number of work-feed increments per tool stroke.
287 296, 304, 305, and 313, for adjustment of work or tool feeding flying-cutting machines.

This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Device including means which constantly transmits power to actuate the tool continuously through repeated strokes during continued movement of the work.
(1) Note. A cam-driven tool would satisfy the limitations of the definition of this subclass only if no dwell period occurs during the camming cycle. (A dwell period implies interruption in the flow of power to the tool).
(2) Note. Examples of tool actuation to be found in this subclass are (a) simple rotation, (b) tools driven with sample pendulum motion, (c) reciprocating tools driven in substantially simple harmonic motion, as by a Scotch yoke, an eccentric, or a conventional rotary crank and connecting
rod.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
315 318+, and 321+, for a tool which is actuated in an oscillatory manner so as to operate on moving work while periodically moving along with the work (flying cutter).
331 for a rotary cutter arranged to travel with moving work during the cutting operation (flying cutter).
591 for a tool having simple rotary motion throughout its stroke or cutting cycle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Device in which either the tool or the work is shifted between cutting operations in a regularly recurring manner, and in a direction transverse both to the tool stroke and the main direction of work-feed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
215 for a machine wherein a tool has motion additional to its tool stroke during a cutting cycle.
220 for a machine in which the work may be advanced in different directions between successive operations of a tool.
249 for a machine having work-feed means arranged so as to facilitate manual shifting or reorientation of work between successive tool strokes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Device including a plurality of tools, which tools act successively upon the moving work, and wherein each tool has its own support.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
356.3 for a similar device wherein a plurality of cutting tools share the same common support.
404 for a cutting device which includes a plurality of tool stations and means to move the work from one station to
another.

This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Device including means to to rectilinearly move the tool toward the work on one stroke and away from the work on the other stroke.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
613 for rectilinearly reciprocating tool driving means, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Device including more than one individual tool on a tool support.
(1) Note. The individual tools on the tool support may act simultaneously or successively or some simultaneously and some successively, depending, for example, on their relative positions on the tool support and the manner in which the tool support moves them to the cutting zone.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
356.1 for a similar device having a plurality of cutting tools, each tool being mounted upon a separate support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Device which incorporates a plurality of actuated tools operable in succession upon the moving work at locations spaced longitudinally of the path of work-feed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for methods involving a plurality of cutting steps in general.
255 for work fed intermittently to a succession of tools.
301 for a flying cutter combined with other type cutter.
404 for means to move work from one tool station to another.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device provided with a detector* for the product, a transmitter* and means to effect the functioning of at least a part of the device as direct or indirect result of the receipt by said means of a detected and transmitted signal or impulse.
(1) Note. In this and the indented subclass, that part of the device whose functioning is effected in response to the signal or impulse will be referred to as a "controlled apparatus".
(2) Note. For patents in which the functioning of a controlled apparatus is affected (e.g., varying the speed of the work or cutter, or changing the working conditions of the device) in response to deviations of an operating condition of the device or a component thereof, as distinguished from response to product, see subclasses 72+.
(3) Note. For patents in which the controlled apparatus is a means to handle the cut product, see subclass 79.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for stopping of device responsive to product sensing.
71 for control means responsive to indicia bearing tape or card.
72 and see (2) Note above.
79 and see (3) Note above.
360 for similar structure responsive to work.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, 60 for the combination of a cutting machine and a weighing scale which receives material cut, or to be cut, by the cutting machine, characterized by means to actuate, or to modify the operation of, the cutting machine in response to determination of the weight of material accumulated on the weighting scale.

This subclass is indented under subclass 358. Device in which the controlled apparatus includes a tool* and/or a tool driving train and the function effected is the regulation of movement of said tool.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are devices in which the cutter moves through a cutting cycle, and devices in which the cutter is shifted or positioned relative to the work or product.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
368 for a cutter shifted relative to the work in response to work, and see (1) Note under subclass 368 for meaning of the word "shifted".
369 and 370+, for a cutter actuated to cut responsive to the work.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), subclass 64, for a punched card reproducer operable as a gang punch (each newly punched card serves as a pattern to control selection of tools to punch the following card).

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device provided with a detector* for the work, a transmitter*, and means to effect the functioning of at least a part of the device as a direct or indirect result of the receipt by said means of a detected and transmitted signal or impulse.
(1) Note. In this and the indented subclasses, that part of the device whose functioning is effected in response to the signal or impulse will be referred to as a "controlled apparatus".
(2) Note. For patents in which the functioning of a controlled apparatus is affected (e.g., varying the speed of the work or cutter, or changing the working conditions of the device) in response to deviations of an operating condition of the device or a component thereof, as distinguished from response to work, see subclasses 72+.
(3) Note. For patents in which the controlled apparatus is a means to handle the product, see subclass 80.
(4) Note. For patents in which the controlled apparatus is a means to stop work movement and a means to initiate a
cutting cycle, see subclasses 208, 209+, and 211+.
(5) Note. For patents in which the controlled apparatus is a "flying" cutter, see subclasses 286+ and 307.
(6) Note. The combination of means to produce a mark on work and means to detect the mark, in response to which detection, an operation is effected, will be found in the appropriate mark-producing class.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
62 and 63+, for stopping means responsive to work.
71 for control means responsive to indicia-bearing tape or card.
72 and see (2) Note above.
80 and see (3) Note above.
208 209+, and 211+, and see (4) Note above.
286 and 307, and see (5) Note above.
358 for similar structure responsive to product.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, 2 for automatic control of a power operated tool driving or impacting means.
234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), 25, for work-responsive means which controls an auxiliary operation in a selective cutting machine; subclasses 63+ for control of tool selection by such means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Device in which the detector* is provided with means to govern or regulate or adjust the action or position of said detector*, or the transmitter*, or the impulse receiving element.

This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Device in which the control or regulating means regulates the duration of time existing between the effectuation of the signal or
impulse and the effectuation of the functioning of the apparatus.

This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Device in which the control means is effective to alter the extent of the cut product.
(1) Note. The "extent" of a cut product is defined as that dimension parallel to the direction of work movement regardless of the size or extent of that dimension relative to other dimensions, (i.e., for the purpose of this subclass the length or extent of a product may be smaller than the width thereof if short pieces are cut from relatively wide work).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241 for other means to vary the product length in a subclass 202 type of cutting device.
287 for other product-length changing apparatus using a "flying" cutter.
354 for means to vary the timing of the tool relative to moving work, responsive to a work characteristic.

This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Device provided with more than one detector*.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are patents to device provided with plural work-sensors usable one at a time alternately or selectively; or provided with plural work-sensors usable together, in either cooperation or opposition, to control the same function or to control different functions in predetermined sequence.

This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Device in which the detector* includes a light-sensitive means responsive to light impinging on said means to energize an
electrical circuit and the detection of work is effected by a change in the quantity or quality of the light received by said means either directly (as by work's moving between said means and the source of said light), or indirectly (as by reflection from the work).
(1) Note. Examples of the means referred to above are vacuum tubes and light-sensitive detectors.
(2) Note. Included herein are patents in which a beam of light is reflected from the work or an index mark thereon to the light-sensitive-means, as well as patents in which the work covers and uncovers the light-sensitive means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for a photo-electric work-sensor in a "self-regulating" device.
289 for a photo-electric work-sensor in a "flying" cutter device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 200 for photocell detector and circuit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Device in which the controlled apparatus is a mechanism to prevent movement of a part or element of the device or to prevent movement of the work, said mechanism being provided with means to disable the movement-preventing mechanism and in which the function effected is activation of said disabling means by the work-responsive means, whereby a subsequent operation is permitted.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
399 for interlock means controlled by other parts or elements of the device, and see the "Search This Class, Subclass" notes under subclasses 399+ for other interlock subclasses.

This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Device in which the controlled apparatus includes means to move, guide,
decelerate or stop the work, and the function effected is the actuation or modification of the operation of said means.
(1) Note. Included herein are patents provided with means to effect final registry of work with respect to its cutting position after initial work movement but prior to cutting.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
209 for means to control work movement in combination with means to initiate cutting cycle, both in response to a work-sensing mechanism.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, 10 for means to sense material and means to control the operation of material advancing means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Device in which the controlled apparatus is a cutter movable in a direction other than in the work-cutting path and the function effected is the movement of said cutter in said other direction.
(1) Note. The inclusion of the term "other" in the above definition is not intended to exclude patents having claimed means to impart a work-cutting movement. Patents claiming such means (per se, classifiable in other subclasses in this schedule) and, in addition to such means, claiming means to impart a supplemental movement (such as for locating the cutter in, or shifting it to, a different position relative to the work or the machine; e.g., to cut a different part of the work, or place the cutter out of operative position) responsive to the work-sensing means, will be placed in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
359 for similar structure responsive to product.

This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Device including a detector* which is moved by, and to an extent proportional to, movement of the work; further including means to effect a signal or impulse only when the extent of
such detector* movement reaches a predetermined amount; and in which the controlled apparatus is a cutter, the controlled function effected being the initiation of movement of said cutter through a cutter cycle.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are patents provided with means for changing the extent of work movement or detector movement required to initiate the cutting cycle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 for similar structure in which the work movement is claimed as stopped prior to cutting.

This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Device in which the controlled apparatus is a cutter and/or a cutter driving train and function effected is the initiation of movement of said cutter through a cutting cycle.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are patents in which the work itself is uniformly electrically conductive, and the work completes an electrical circuit in the detector*.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
210 211+, 266+, and 369+, for other work-sensing means to initiate the cutting cycle of a cutter.
359 for similar structure responsive to product.

This subclass is indented under subclass 370. Device in which the detector* is operative to sense the presence of an index, or a protuberant or re-entrant portion, in or on the work, to initiate the cutting cycle.
(1) Note. Included in the terms "index", "protuberant portion" and "re-entrant portion" are such indicia as a hole or notch in the work, a mark (e.g., printed) on the work surface, an electrically conductive area on the work which completes an electrical circuit in the detector and transmitter system, and bumps or projections on the work. Also included within the scope of such terminology are articles, or spaces between articles, in work which comprises spaced articles connected together by a connected medium (e.g., tape, string, etc.), the connecting medium of which
work is to be severed between adjacent articles.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
365 for devices in which a mark on the work is interposed in a light responsive (e.g., photocell) circuit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 370. Device in which the transmitter* includes an electrical circuit and the detector* includes a make-break portion in said circuit for completing or interrupting the circuit to initiate the cutting cycle.
(1) Note. Contact of the work with the trip switch may be direct, or indirect as by engagement of the work with a lever or linkage connected to the trip switch.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
290 for other trip switch sensing means in a "flying" cutter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, 61.13, 61.19+, 61.41, and 61.42+, for other detector switches.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device wherein means to change the location or position of passive means to orient the moving work cooperates significantly with means to move a tool through a tool stroke* or a part of such stroke.
(1) Note. The work guide functions merely in a passive manner to orient or influence the direction of motion of work which is moved by another means.
(2) Note. The generally lateral displacement of work which may be incidentally caused by movement of work guide means is not considered work-feeding (work moving) within the definition of this term. A work guide is thus distinguishable from work-feed means or supplemental work-feed means.
(3) Note. The subject matter of this subclass includes a
work guide which is carried by or moved by the tool merely as a matter of convenience or compactness in design even though its movement has no effect on the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
162 for means to guide a cut product.
241 270, 272, 276+, 279, and for many disclosures of a work guide in a machine of subclass 202 type.
306 310, for interrelated work guide and flying cutter.
410 412+, 418+, for work guide or work-mover guide related to the movement of work toward a tool.
438 for means to guide moving work, generally.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device in which means to move or render active means to maintain or retain work stationary, or means to move or render active means presenting an obstacle or bar to work movement, cooperates significantly with means to move a tool through a tool stroke* or a part of such stroke.
(1) Note. This subclass includes a device in which the immobilizer is merely mounted on the tool or tool support, even though the motion of the immobilizer may have no useful effect on the work; e.g., the immobilizer is movably mounted merely as a convenience or to simplify the machine design.
(2) Note. This subclass includes work immobilizers which restrain and hold work stationary by means of suction, magnetic attraction, impaling pins, or locating pins, as well as immobilizers which clamp work or provide stopping abutment therefor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
181 for interrelated tool actuating means and means for immobilizing hollow work.
202 for interrelated tool actuating and work moving means, with incidental showings of work immobilizers in many subclasses which relate to the stopping or holding of work.
367 for work movement controlled by means responsive to work in a cutting machine.
373 for interrelated tool actuating and work guide moving means.
451 for work immobilizer generally associated with a cutting machine.
454 for a work clamp interrelated to or combined with a tool guide.

This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Device in which the means cooperating with the tool moving means comprises a plurality of opposed solid jaws or surface elements which are made effective by movement of one or more of said jaws or surface elements to grip the work frictionally and hold it in desired position fixedly with respect to a tool station.
(1) Note. Clamps which act to move the work, as well as hold it in fixed position after movement ceases, are not found in this subclass, but will be found in the appropriate subclass relating to work moving (including those directed to the work-moving, tool-moving relationship).
(2) Note. In this subclass are found disclosures of a clamp driven in timed relationship to a tool as from a common drive shaft or power train or from a separate power source and related to the tool stroke only by timing control mechanism.
(3) Note. For device actuated in timed relationship to a tool, and disclosed as being of utility as a "stripper" as well as a clamp or holddown, see appropriate subclasses indented under subclass 111.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
282 for work clamping means effective during the dwell of intermittently effective work moving means which coincides with a tool stroke.
452 for a cutting device including a separate, manually or randomly controlled or actuated clamp.
453 for combined clamp and tool guide, wherein some clamps are actuated by or incidental to movement of tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 375. Device in which the clamp is slidably mounted on the tool or tool
support by means including a guide which, after the clamp has been halted by engagement with the work, causes a change of direction of the tool movement from that in which both it and the clamp have been moved by the tool driving force.
(1) Note. Examples are found in draw-cutting machines, wherein inclined guide means between tool and clamp serve to force the tool away from its initial vertical downward motion after the clamp has settled firmly upon the work, thereby effecting a slicing or "draw cut".

This subclass is indented under subclass 376. Device including means which require that the clamp be urged against the work with a predetermined force before the guide becomes effective to deflect the tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 375. Device including means to deliver incremental clamping force in proportion to incremental resistance exerted by the work against the tool, so that the clamping force (additional to a predetermined force; e.g., the weight of the clamp) is proportional to the resistance which the tool meets in its working stroke.

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376 for many disclosures wherein the clamp takes some of the reaction of the tool force, in order to deflect the tool into an oblique, draw-cutting direction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 375. Device wherein there are distinct phases of clamp drive, through different drive means acting in succession or in varying combinations.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass extends beyond a mere variable force drive for a clamp.

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376 for the special case of a clamp driven through the ultimate portion of its stroke by reaction of the tool as it is deflected from its initial direction of motion by guide means on the partially tightened clamp.
385 and 388+, for disclosure of a variable force clamp drive.

This subclass is indented under subclass 375. Device wherein proper timing of the tool stroke with respect to the clamp actuation is assured by provision of means responsive to a predetermined travel of a clamp jaw or to predetermined developed clamping force, which means generates a signal or impulse which causes or permits initiation of a tool stroke.
(1) Note. The sequencing means, as defined in this subclass, is a specific application of an "interlock" (for which in general see subclasses 399+).
(2) Note. Mere timed actuation of clamp and tool in sequence, as by properly phased cranks or cams, does not meet the definition of "sequencing means".

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221 for interlock between work-feed and tool actuation in machines of the subclass 202 type.
399 for sequencing features in general, and see (1) Note above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 375. Device, including means to permit voluntary manipulation or actuation of the clamp, either in addition to or in place of the clamp movement derived from or timed with the tool driving means.

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57 for a cutting device having means for manually overriding a cyclic operation of a part (or parts) and means to bring the device back to normal cyclic operation when the manual impulse is removed.
452 for manually or randomly controlled or actuated clamp associated with a cutting machine.

This subclass is indented under subclass 375. Device in which a tool is rigidly mounted on or made integral with a displaceable surface element of the work-gripping means.
(1) Note. Both tools of the cutting pair are movable. One tool engages the work to clamp it against a work support before the other tool engages the work in its cutting stroke.
(2) Note. This subclass includes such devices as split die blocks which move together to clamp the work before the cutting tool engages it.

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266 for a tool carried by work-feed means.
319 for means to secure work to rectilinearly movable tool carrier, in a machine of the flying cutter type.
567 for a tool with work clamped thereto and movable against another tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 375. Device, in which the actuated tool or its support, in some portion of its movement approaches and drivingly engages a movable clamp jaw or element rigid therewith, thus driving the clamp jaw in one direction only.
(1) Note. The clamp is not mounted on the tool.
(2) Note. The clamp is usually moved, by engagement with the tool, against the force of gravity or that of a pre-loaded spring.

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456 for tool or tool support rigid with movable clamp jaw, where tool stroke is not timed with or related to the clamp stroke.

This subclass is indented under subclass 383. Device wherein the clamp jaw is moved away from its applied or work-engaging position by direct engagement with cutter or element secured thereto.
(1) Note. The clamp jaw is moved against the work by other means, such as gravity or preloaded spring, when the tool withdraws from contact with the jaw.

This subclass is indented under subclass 375. Device, in which a tool or an element rigid therewith, during the tool stroke serves to impart motion to a cam, lever, linkage, or other force-transmitting means which drives the clamp.
(1) Note. The force-transmitting means in the definition of this subclass comprehends any mechanical or fluid pressure mechanism operatively interposed between tool or tool support and movable clamp jaw, including for example a simple pivoted link connection, but excluding a direct driving abutment, for which see subclasses 383+.
(2) Note. A clamp which is moved away from closed (actuated) position by linkage driven by tool or tool support, and which is biased or driven toward closed position by other means will not be found here, but in subclass 375 (or subclasses 388+ for yieldable drive). Also see (2) Note, under subclass 388.

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375 and 388+, and see (2) Note above.
383 for a clamp jaw driven in one of its two directions by direct impact of tool or tool support, and see (1) Note above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Device in which the force transmitting means between tool and clamp comprises a resilient, deformable or slippable element.
(1) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 387.
(2) Note. The yieldable element may be included in the drive as a mere safety feature to prevent excessive overload strains, or it may yield during normal conditions of machine operation, within the purview of the definition of this subclass.
(3) Note. A frangible element, such as a shear pin, constitutes a yieldable drive element for the purposes of this subclass.

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388 for other examples of a clamp driven, in synchronism with a tool, through a resilient or slipping drive train.

This subclass is indented under subclass 386. Device in which the force-transmitting means comprises an elastic element (solid or fluid) which exhibits the characteristics of a spring throughout the expected range of forces applied thereto during normal operation of the machine.
(1) Note. The definition of this subclass is restricted to drive means which function in a springlike manner during normal or expected conditions of operation of the machine. Such means as a preloaded spring, interposed in a clamp drive train for the purpose of yielding only to relieve excessive strains during overload conditions, would not be classified here but in subclasses 386 or 388 as a yieldable drive element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
386 and 388, and see (1) Note above.
389 for other examples of a clamp driven in timed relation to a tool through a resilient drive train.

This subclass is indented under subclass 375. Device wherein the clamp-actuating means comprises a force-responsive (i.e., resilient or slipping) element forming part of the force-transmitting train which moves the clamp toward its applied condition, such element serving to limit the force which can be exerted on and by the movable clamp jaw.
(1) Note. The yieldable element may be a mere overload
responsive means, not effective during normal conditions of operation. See (2) Note and (3) Note under subclass 386, supra.
(2) Note. A clamp which is continually biased toward closed position, but is raised cyclically by power-driven linkage will be found in this subclass, even though the linkage is moved by a tool or tool support. But see subclasses 383 and 385+ for a clamp biased toward open position and driven toward actuated position, directly or through linkage, by the tool support.

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383 and 385+, and see (2) Note above.
386 for a clamp yieldably driven from a tool or tool support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Device wherein the force-responsive element (solid or fluid) has the characteristics of a spring or its equivalent throughout the expected range of forces applied thereto during normal operation of the machine.
(1) Note. The presence of a relief valve in a fluid-pressure drive means indicates that the drive exhibits the characteristic of yield ability under certain conditions, hence is not wholly "resilient" (see (1) Note under subclass 390 and (1) Note under subclass 387).

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390 for fluid-pressure yieldable drive means for a clamp.

This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Device, in which the clamp is moved by piston and cylinder or equivalent device subjected to hydraulic or pneumatic force, and provided with relief valve or other output limiting means.
(1) Note. The disclosure of a relief valve or other out-put limiting device in the fluid pressure drive system is evidence that the drive is "yieldable" rather than "positive" or "resilient".

This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Device, in which the means cooperating with the tool moving means is an obstacle or bar to work movement across the path of the work which functions by resisting or reacting to the work's abutting it.
(1) Note. Most of these stops are adjustable, and most of them are actuated to release or prevent interference with cutting operation and/or delivery of the product.

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392 for actuated work stops located at front and rear of work to "stabilize" it.
467 for a separate, manually controlled or actuated workstop abutment.

This subclass is indented under subclass 391. Device wherein a plurality of stop means are effective to block the work against movement in two diametrically opposite directions.
(1) Note. These devices do not serve as clamps, nor do they have any positioning function if the work is not correctly placed.

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207 and 228, for a work aligner including stops which are capable of correcting small misplacements of the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 391. Device including mechanical means for positioning the stop to different positions or to cause another differently positioned stop to be actuated or made effective between tool strokes.
(1) Note. The general purpose of the combination of this subclass is to effect different positions of work with
respect to the tool in different cutting cycles.

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238 for unequal work-feed increments in recurring series, in a cutting machine of subclass 202 type.
241 for means in general to change length of work-feed increment.
254 for plurality of work stops successively effective in association with supplemental work-feed means.
268 for abutment to locate work at tool station, in a machine of subclass 202 type.

This subclass is indented under subclass 391. Device in which the stop moves in unison with the tool or tool support throughout at least a portion of the tool stroke.
(1) Note. In order to move in unison with the tool or tool support, the stop must move in the same path as the tool (or parallel thereto) and at the same speed and simultaneously with the tool movement.

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383 for work clamp moved by direct impact of tool or tool support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 394. Device wherein the stop structure is fixed rigidly to the actuated tool.

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382 for clamp jaw fixed to or integral with tool or tool support.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein means to move a tool through all or part of a tool stroke* cooperated significantly with means to make effective a member which serves to limit the extent of motion of a work pusher or work carriage.
(1) Note. This device is frequently employed to determine the successive positions of a manually moved work pusher or "back gage".
(2) Note. There may be a plurality of such members to effect stoppage of work in different locations.

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239 for unequally spaced stops on work carriage in machine of subclass 202 type.
391 for interrelated tool moving means and means to actuate work-stop abutment.
416 for means in general to stop a work conveyor.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein means are provided to change the location or position of a protective obstruction for the operator tool blade or work, which cooperates significantly with means to move a tool through a tool stroke* or a part of such stroke.

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544 for guard means which does not move in cooperation with the cutter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 613 for a similar device for moving a guard into protective position by some part of the machine.
474, Endless Belt Power Transmission Systems or Components, 144 for a guard or housing for a belt and pulley drive system.

This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Device wherein the protective obstruction protects the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Device comprising means which is caused to cover the open guide slot below the moving tool and adjacent the work supporting table.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device characterized by mechanism for detecting the presence or absence or passage of a portion of the device, or for detecting the characteristics of a pattern or templet, which mechanism effects a signal or impulse as a result of such detection and includes a component (disclosed or claimed) for transmitting such signal or impulse; further characterized by means to permit or effect the functioning of at least a portion of said device in response, directly or indirectly, to the receipt by said means of said signal or impulse; and further distinguished in that the portion sensed is other than said part or other than a part or sub-assembly in, or driven by, a direct drive train moving said part.
(1) Note. In this and the indented subclasses, that part of the device whose functioning is effected is termed the "member" or "assembly" or "interlock" whose operation is controlled; the portion sensed is termed an "object" or "element"; and the meaning of the term "remote" (used in the title) will be elaborated on in (3) Note below.
(2) Note. This and indented subclasses are the residual subclasses for the placement of patents claiming means for controlling the operation of a moving or movable member or assembly or interlock in response to the sensing of an object other than the controlled, moving member or assembly or interlock itself. Subclasses 358+, 360+, and 71 to which these subclasses (399+) are analogous, provide for patents in which the sensed object is the product, the work, or indicia-bearing control means, respectively.
(3) Note. Where the sensed object is an element integral with, or driven by, a direct drive train, which train moves the controlled assembly, with the result that movement of the assembly is always accompanied by movement of the sensed element, then the element is part of the controlled assembly itself, and thus the element is not "remote" therefrom as required by the title of subclasses 399+. Patents disclosing and claiming such features will not be placed in these
subclasses, (399+), but will be found in other subclasses of the schedule, often under the heading "unicyclic", or other equivalent term.
(4) Note. This and indented subclasses do not include patents disclosing structure provided merely with a continuous train of mechanism inherently operative to perform a plurality of operations, according to a regular or uniform cycle. For such patents, see other subclasses appropriate to the desired operations to be performed.
(5) Note. As a repository of patents this subclass (399) includes patents disclosing and claiming structure in which the member or assembly includes mechanism (i.e., an interlock) to prevent movement of the member or assembly, said mechanism or interlock being provided with means to disable the movement preventing mechanism, and in which the sensed object effects the activation of the disabling means, whereby the mechanism or interlock is released and subsequent movement of the member or assembly is permitted. For interlock release means controlled by the presence of the product, see subclasses 358+. For interlock release means controlled by the presence of work, see subclass 366.

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59 and 60, for random stopping of part of the device followed by a subsequent operation.
61 79+, and 358+, for sensing of product to effect: (a) random stopping (61), (b) handling of the product (79+), and (c) the operation of a part of the device (358+) (e.g., the tool), respectively.
62 81+, 221, 222, 225+, and 380, for sensing of tool-feed to effect: (a) random stopping (62), (b) handling of product (81+), (c) release of work-feed interlock (221), (d) initiation of work-feed (222), (e) control of work movement in a device wherein the tool cuts during work stoppage (225+), and (f) sequencing of tool and work clamp (380), respectively.
62 221, 231+, and 352, for sensing of work-feed means to effect: (a) random stopping (62), (b) release of tool-feed interlock (221), (c) control of tool-feed in a device wherein the tool cuts during work stoppage (231+), and (d)tool actuation in a device wherein the tool is timed with respect to moving work (352), respectively.
63 80, 209+, 211+, 286+, 307, and 360+, for sensing of work to effect: (a) random stopping (63+), (b) handling of the product (80), (c) control of work movement in a device wherein the tool cuts during work stoppage (209+) (d) initiation of tool feed in a device wherein the tool cuts during work stoppage (211+) (e) movement of "flying" cutter (286+), (f) shifting of work adjacent "flying"cutter (307), and (g) the operation of a part of the device (360+),
respectively.
71 for a tape or card bearing indicia and means responsive to such indicia to control operation of the device.
131 for interlock between product stripper and tool-return means.
203 484, and 591, for unicyclic operation of (a) a device wherein the tool cuts during work stoppage (203+), (b) a carrier for a rotatable disc tool (484), and (c) a carrier for a cyclically operating tool (591), respectively.
380 for sensing of work-clamping operation to effect tool-feed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, 6 for an analogous condition-responsive means controlling a metal-deforming means.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclass 116.5 for stop mechanism, particularly subclasses 129+, for safety device or interlock.

This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Device including mechanism to start the movement of that portion of the assembly whose operation is controlled by the sensed object.
(1) Note. The difference between patents in this subclass (400) and patents in subclass 399 is that subclass 399 provides for structure wherein movement of the controlled member or assembly is permitted (e.g., by effecting release of an interlock), whereas this subclass (400) provides for structure wherein movement of the controlled member or assembly itself is started or accomplished as the direct result of the detection of the sensed object (i.e., element, pattern or other portion remote from the controlled member or assembly itself).

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including (a) dynamic means to effect movement of the work with respect to the zone of the claimed cutter, or (b) a device associated and moving with the work to hold or
support the work and facilitate movement thereof with respect to such zone.
(0.5) Note. An extension of a plane from the outer surface of a cutting edge of a cutter closest to the work will be referred to as a "plane of cut" or "cutting plane".
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses are the residual subclasses for the placement of a patent in which a work-conveying means is claimed or clearly inferred from the context of the claim and in which a cutter is claimed. A patents in which work movement is effected by an operator grasping the work itself and pushing or pulling such work without correspondingly moving the work-associated device is excluded from this and the indented subclasses (401+).
(2) Note. The work-moving means may comprise any structure by which the work is moved relative to a cutting zone even though the structure itself may be advanced manually. Examples of such structure are a moving table, a pusher, a belt, an air-blast nozzle, etc.
(3) Note. For the relationship of this group of subclasses to other work-handling classes, see the Class Definition of this class (83), section II, Lines With Other Classes, subsection B, Relationship to Material Handling Classes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
202 for a cutting apparatus in which work is moved, stopped, and cut during the dwell in work movement.
284 for a device which cuts moving work by a transverse cutter moving with the work during cutting.
350 for a cutting apparatus including a tool which approaches the work and recedes therefrom in a cutting stroke which is otherwise timed or synchronized with respect to work movement.
469 and 651+, as appropriate, for a patent in which a cutter is claimed and no work-moving means is claimed, even though it is apparent that the work must move to be cut.
471 for a cutting apparatus including a relatively immovable work-supporting table, and a rotatable disc blade cutter.
648 for a cutting apparatus in which work movement is effected by an operator grasping the work itself and pushing or pulling such work relative to a work support.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for a power driven conveyor in which no tool is claimed significantly, and see (3) Note above. Search 343.1 and 375+ for a conveyor having means for orienting the conveyed load relative to the conveyor.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, for means to move work, generally, without recognition of both the leading and trailing ends thereof.
269, Work Holders, appropriate subclasses and Section II, Lines With Other Classes, paragraph B, of that class for the line between this class and Class 269.
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, for means to move a relatively thin, flat workpiece of finite dimensions.
414, Material or Article Handling, for means to move an individually recognized workpiece, generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Device provided with means to force a gas or a liquid against the work itself, whereby the work is propelled by such gas or liquid in a desired direction of work movement.

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22 for method of cutting including fluid application and an ancillary treatment.
24 for method of cutting including fluid application for product handling.
53 for method of cutting including fluid application for cutting.
98 for product handling by fluid current.
169 for means to apply transient, nonpropellant fluid to work.

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19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, subclass 205 for a fiber preparing device including pneumatic means to carry fibers from one location to another.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, may include a nominal recitation of a supply or take-up coil (e.g., less than a support for such a coil or a cooperative relationship between a tension or exhaust detector* and reel driving or reel stopping means, etc.), 97.1 for fluid current means to advance the material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Device in which the work conveyor comprises a rotatable disc having a work passageway starting at the center of one of its faces and terminating in its periphery and in which the cutter has a cutting plane substantially perpendicular to the disc radius which defines the axis of the passageway at the moment of cutting.
(1) Note. The patents included herein are commonly known as Beria-type fiber cutters after the name of the inventor of the device of U.S. Patent No. 1,723,998. In this and other patents of this type, filamentary material is led axially into the center of the disc wherein the material makes a right angled turn into a work passage, usually radial, and flows through the passage. The rotation of the disc effects revolution of the radially extending portion of the filament in the plane of the rotating disc, and the centrifugal force imparted by the rotation simultaneously effects movement of the filament outwardly of the axis.

This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Device including means to vary or adjust the rate at which the work moving means advances the work toward the cutter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
263 for means to vary the rate of speed of the moving work during a dwell of the work-feed means.
298 for means to interrelate the tool and the work-feed means.
312 for means to regulate the work speed relative to a flying-cutter means.
429 for means to effect a different rate of speed between the work and the tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Device provided with a plurality of separated cutting zones, at each of which zones is located a cutter cutting in a plane acting
on a distinct portion of the same material, and including means to effect movement of said material from a preceding cutting zone to a succeeding cutting zone in sequence.
(0.5) Note. In this subclass, a plurality of punches or dies which act simultaneously in a single stroke or cycle of the tool actuator will be considered as a single cutting zone or tool station: hence, means to feed to such zone will be found elsewhere in this group of subclasses (401+). If two punches or sets of punches are positioned at the same general location, but do not act simultaneously, then the two punches will be considered to define plural cutting zones and the device will be found here (404).
(1) Note. The word "material" as used above is inclusive of that work which is to be cut at a first cutting zone, and of that product of the first cutting zone which is work to be cut at a second cutting zone.
(2) Note. For further amplification of specific forms of "cutting zone", see (1) Note of subclass 405, (1) Note of subclass 406, and (2) Note of subclass 407.
(3) Note. This and indented subclasses differ from subclasses 78+ in that these subclasses (404+) provide for machines distinguished by a second cutter which acts upon the product of a first cutter and, further, by structure for moving the material (i.e., the product of the first cutter) between the sequentially acting cutters; whereas subclasses 78+ provides for machines having means for removal of the final product.
(4) Note. Included in this and indented subclasses are patents disclosing means for changing the direction of the material movement, or the path of the material, between the sequentially acting cutters or cutting zones.

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41 for a method of severing including perforating and cutting to join the holes so perforated.
78 for delivery means for the product of a cutter and see (1) Note above.
213 and 255+, for plural tool stations of the type provided for in subclass 202.
300 and 301+, for a "flying" cutter and another type cutter operating sequentially.
357 for plural tool stations, in a device wherein a tool is synchronized with moving work.
513 for plural, individually actuated tools.

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225, Severing by Tearing or Breaking, subclass 97 for plural breaking tools.

This subclass is indented under subclass 404. Device wherein a cutter in a preceding zone is positioned, or is capable of being positioned, in such a manner as to have a cutting plane that is not parallel to the cutting plane of a cutter in succeeding cutting zone, and wherein each said cutters make a cut that is parallel to the direction of work movement at the time it is being cut.

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471.3 for a tool angularly adjustable relative to a work support.
486.1 for means to adjust a tool angularly relative to its previous position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 404.1. Device wherein the work moving means, in transporting the work from the preceding cutting zone to the succeeding one, shifts the work so that a different lateral edge will be cut at the succeeding zone than that which was cut at the preceding zone.

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915.3 for an art collection including an ice cutting machine which may include means to manipulate the work between respective tool stations.

This subclass is indented under subclass 404.1. Device wherein the cutting tool at one of the stations remains passive during its cutting operation.

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431 for a stationary cutting tool, and means to press the work to that tool during the cutting operation.
856 for a stationary cutter, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 404. Device wherein the cutting zones are arranged in a spaced, overlapping relationship such that their axis and their cutting planes are parallel, and not coincident to one another.

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425.2 for a device which includes a series of laterally spaced, axially aligned cutting tool stations.

This subclass is indented under subclass 404. Device in which at least one of the cutters comprises a tool for perforating a hole in the material or a tool for cutting a product from within the boundaries of the material or a tool for cutting a product from within the boundaries of the material.

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40 for method of blanking and cutting.
55 for method of blanking.
660 for pointed perforator, per se.
667 and 682, for punching plus nonpunching tool.
684 and 698.91+, for punching tool, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 404. Device in which at least one of the cutters comprises a tool having a nonlinear cutting edge acting upon the edge of the material to remove one or more products therefrom and leave portions of the original edge intact, or comprises a tool for severing
the material into two products by a nonlinear repetitive pattern cut upon a portion of the material other than its edge.
(1) Note. See (1) Note of subclass 405 except substitute "notching or pinking tools" for "punches or sets of punches".

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333 for rotating tool having an undulant cutting edge.
668 and 683, for notching plus nonnotching tool.
671 and 692, for notching tool, per se.
917 for notching "digest".
918 for pinking "digest".

This subclass is indented under subclass 404. Device wherein one tool defines two cutting zones separated along the length of the work-feed, which tool cooperates with a work-feed means to cut a slice from the work at each of the two cutting zones, as the work is moved first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.

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707 for a rectilinearly reciprocating means which passes the work through one cutting tool station.

This subclass is indented under subclass 404. Device in which at least one of the tools comprises one or more edged cutters located in the path of moving material and whose cutting plane (as disclosed) is substantially parallel to said path for constant cutting contact with the material thicknesswise thereof.
(1) Note. See the definition and notes to subclass 425 for further amplification of what is considered to be a slitter.
(2) Note. A plurality of slitters transversely spaced at the same longitudinal location, which slitters simultaneously cut moving material, (i.e., two or more slitters spaced
across the material and perpendicular to the direction of material movement), will be considered as a single cutting zone or tool station, whereas slitters obliquely spaced (i.e., one slitter to the side and forward of another slitter) will be considered as plural cutting zones or tool stations.

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469 for rotatable disc tool and carrier.
676 for disc-type tool, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Device in which at least another of the cutting zones comprises a cutter of the type which cuts from side edge to side edge of the material across the direction of material movement at said other cutting zone.

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302 for "flying" cutter combined with "slitting" cutter.

This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Device in which the work-moving means includes elements or mechanism (mounted on or integral with, and moving with, said means) for securing the work against both forward and rearward shifting of the work relative to the motion of said work-moving means, whereby the work partakes of all the feeding movements of the work mover.
(1) Note. In this and indented subclasses, the combined work-mover and work-constraining means will be referred to as a "work carrier".
(2) Note. A feed drum with radial projections thereon (commonly known as a "pinwheel") is not considered as a work carrier as defined above if the work enters the pinwheel chorally or tangentially, contacts only part of the periphery of the pinwheel, and leaves the pinwheel chordally or tangentially. For patents directed to such feed means, see subclass 423.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
276 for a cutting device including a reciprocating work-mover, wherein the tool engages the work during dwell of intermittent workfeed.
423 and see (2) Note above.
435.11 for a cutting device having a rectilinearly moving work carriage and tool adapted to cut parallel to the direction of and during work movement.
437.1 for a cutting device having a rectilinearly moving work carriage and a tool, generally.
730 for a cutting device including a rectilinearly moving work carriage and including means to cause the cutting device to make plural passes through a diminishing workpiece, including means to effect incremental movement toward the plane of cut.

This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Device including means to hold two or more pieces individually on the work conveyor for successive movement past a cutting zone.
(1) Note. The work movement may be along a straight, tortuous or a circuitous path.

This subclass is indented under subclass 409.1. Device in which the work-moving means is provided with opening through which a portion of the work protrudes for engagement with the cutting means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Device provided with a means to restrict the work carrier to travel in a predetermined tortuous or circuitous course.
(1) Note. See (1) Note of subclass 409 for definition of "work carrier".
(2) Note. Included in this subclass are patents provided with a pattern or templet, the pattern serving the dual function of (a) guiding the work carrier, and (b) orienting the work carrier, both with respect to the cutting zone. For other patterns or templets which orient, but do not guide, the work carrier, see subclass 413.

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413 and see (2) Note above.
443 for curved or deflecting means to guide the work directly.

About axis fixed relative to tool station:
This subclass is indented under subclass 410. Device in which the work carrier is restricted to rotate or oscillate around an axis, which axis is stationary with respect to the cutting zone.

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267 for rotating work-feeder for a subclass 202 type of cutter.
323 for work-feed for flying cutter, the work-feeder carried by the tool support.
439 for pivotal work guide.

Infeed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 410.7. Device wherein the work carrier moves with the work through the cutting zone to effect cutting.

About vertical axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 410.8. Device that is base mounted and wherein the work carrier is restricted to turn about a line extending toward the center of the earth.

Cut normal to axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 410.9. Device wherein the plane of action of the cutting instrumentality is such that that plane passes at a right angle through the line about which the work carrier turns.

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703 for means to convey a workpiece to and fro through a cutting zone to diminish the size of the workpiece.

Work guide tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 411.1. Device wherein the work is directed toward the cutting zone by passing through hollow passage and the work is then advanced through the cutting zone by movement of the hollow passage laterally of the extent of the hollow passage.

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409.1 for a cutting device including plural means on a single conveyor to constrain plural workpieces.

Cut normal to axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 410.8. Device wherein the plane of action of the cutting instrumentality is such that that plane passes at a right angle through the line about which the work carrier turns.

Oscillating work carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 411.3. Device wherein the work carrier moves to and fro less than 360 degrees about the stationary line.

Multiple cutters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 411.3. Device including more than one instrumentality to effect a cutting action of the class type.

Coaxial rotary cutters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 411.5. Device including a first cutting instrumentality that cuts by turning more than 360 degrees about its central axis and including a second cutting instrumentality then cuts by turning more than 360 degrees about its central axis, wherein both central axes are coextensive.

Work stationary during cut:
This subclass is indented under subclass 410.7. Device wherein the workpiece is guided into the cutting zone by a work carrier restricted to move about a fixed line, and wherein the workpiece is immobile during the cutting action.

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202 for means to intermittently (i.e., cyclically) cause work to advance at a tool station with provision to effect cutting during dwell of work advance; search especially subclass 261 for a device wherein the work is advanced about an axis and wherein advance is effected by an interrupted fictional surface.

This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Device provided with means to move the work carrier in a desired place or posture with respect to the cutting zone.
(1) Note. See (1) Note of subclass 409 for definition of "work carrier".

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396 for work-mover stop interrelated with tool-moving means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Device in which the orienting means comprises a model, prototype, or design.
(1) Note. Included within the terms "pattern" or "templet", are models which cause the path of movement of the work to be exactly similar or proportional to the outline or form of the model. Cams, eccentrics, and other objects which orient the work carrier to cut a product to a form distorted with respect to the object are not considered as pattern or templet means. Such objects, if they effect guidance of the work carrier, will be found in subclass 410.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
410 and see (1) Note above.
442 for a guide cooperating with a template or straightedge secured to the work, but not serving to move the work.
565 for a tool which is guided by a pattern or template for tool-positioning movement relative to the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Device in which the orienting means includes at least two stop members, one of which members is fixed to a stationary part of the device and the other of which members is movable, its movement being directly or proportionally related to the work carrier movement, either or both stop members comprising a plurality of successive stopping abutments, whereby the work carrier means is halted successively by the interengagement of one stop member with the successive abutments of the other stop member.
(1) Note. A notch or depression and a detent cooperating therewith is considered as indexing means for the purposes of this subclass.

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239 for similar structure for producing work or work carriage movements in unequal increments between tool strokes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Device provided with means supplemental to the work securing means and mounted on the work carrier, which supplemental means contacts and establishes the position of the work with respect to the work carrier.
(1) Note. See (1) Note of subclass 409 for definition of "work carrier".
(2) Note. Included herein are patents disclosing means to adjust the supplemental means with respect to the work carrier.
(3) Note. As disclosed in the patents placed herein, work is located relative to the carrier and thus the work is also located relative to the tool. For other patents claiming work conveying means and wherein, as disclosed, work is located relative to the tool, see subclasses 418+.

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391 for work-stop abutment interrelated with tool-moving means.
418 and see (3) Note above.
467 for work-stop abutment.

This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Device provided with means to interrupt the movement of the work-moving means.
(1) Note. Included herein are patents disclosing structure in which work-mover stopping means regulates the extent of work movement to the cutter. The extent of work movement may be to that dimension which, when the work is cut through, produces a product of desired dimension, or may be to that distance which, when the work is perforated or notched, produces a product having holes or notches spaced apart by the desired distance.

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396 for interrelated tool moving means and work-mover stopping means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Devices provided with means to collect temporarily a reserve supply of discrete workpieces, from which supply said discrete workpieces are to be separated and moved to a cutting zone.
(1) Note. Included herein are patents disclosing hoppers, work-storage magazines, and gravity feed chutes, serving to hold a reserve of work which is to be cut.
(2) Note. Included herein are patents disclosing means to insure that only one workpiece at a time is moved from the supply of workpieces.

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281 for means to pick an article from a pack or stack and present such an article to a subclass 202 type of tool.

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221, Article Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for hoppers and means to dispense articles therefrom.
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, appropriate subclasses, for hoppers and means to feed sheets therefrom.

This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Device including means supplemental to the work-moving means, which supplemental means contacts the work and positions said work with respect to the cutting zone.
(1) Note. The supplemental means may include a passive guide fixed or adjustable with respect to the cutter and a roller inclined to the path of movement of the work-mover, the roller urging the work against the guide. For an adjustable guide, see subclass 421. The supplemental means may include a pair of rollers inclined to the path of movement to the work mover, the rollers being driven or nondriven, but in either case urging the work laterally of the direction of movement of the work.
(2) Note. Included herein is a patent disclosing two members horizontally movable toward each other to clamp work therebetween, wherein inherently one of the members will engage a workpiece (the first-engaging member thus being a workmover) and move that workpiece toward the other member
(the other member thus being the additional means); and in which it is claimed or clearly inferred from the content of a claim (e.g., by recitation of "centering" or similar term) that the work is moved by one such member toward the other member. See subclass 419 for structure wherein one of the members is fixed relative to the cutting tool. See subclass 452 for work-clamp means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
409 for a work carrier including means to orient the work carrier relative to the tool or to locate the work relative to the work carrier, but in either case providing means to orient the work relative to the tool.
419 and 452, and see (2) Note above.
421 and see (1) Note above.
443 for curved or deflecting work guide.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 343.1 and 416+ and others for a conveyor combined with means for contacting the conveyed load to orient it relative to the conveyor or a tool station.

This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Device in which the supplemental means comprises a member in the path of movement of the work and fixed with respect to the cutting zone to interrupt the work movement at least until the work has been cut.

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163 and 166, for a material-stopping abutment associated with product handling means.
207 253+, and 268+, for a work-stopping abutment in a subclass 202 type of cutting device.
391 for work stopping abutment interrelated with a tool moving means.
467 for work stopping abutment, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Device in which the supplemental means comprises two members, one member located on one side of the path of work movement and the other member located on the other side of such path, both members contacting the work.

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448 for other plural guide elements.

This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Device including means to change the position of the supplemental means with respect to the cutting zone.
(1) Note. Patents placed herein may disclose the function of the adjustment as effecting a variance of the distance between the uncut side edge of the work and the cut side edge of the product. For other patents in which the same function is achieved by shifting the tool means laterally, see subclasses 433, 498+ and 504.

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433 498+ and 504, and see (1) Note above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Device including means for urging the work toward the work-moving means.
(1) Note. Where a patent discloses a pressing member cooperating in a feeding function (as, e.g., an idler roll of a feed couple), the patent (to be placed as an original herein) must claim the pressing member in terms of its pressing function (as by naming it "a presser roll") or claim additional structure effective to urge or permit urging of the presser toward the feeding means.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass are patents in which the pressure between the presser assembly and the work-moving means is adjustable. Thus patents claiming a feed couple, or equivalent term, (characterized by structure including two rolls between which, and in tangential contact with, the work is moved by the rolls) and also claiming means to adjust the
pressure between the rolls, will be included in this subclass.

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475 for similar structure in which a member presses work to a movable work-support, which work-support is not claimed as the work-mover.

This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Device in which the work-moving means includes projecting and re-entering portions (i.e., lugs or pins), mounted on or integral with said means.
(1) Note. Included herein are patents disclosing a pusher on a work-moving belt or table, said pusher engaging the trailing end of a work article. Also included herein are patents disclosing a wheel having radial pins or projections engaging in perforations in the work wherein the work enters the pinwheel chordally or tangentially, contacts only a part of the periphery of the pinwheel, and leaves the pinwheel chordally or tangentially, such that the work does not partake of all the feeding movements of the work-mover.

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278 for other work-moving means for 202 type of tool.
409 for other work-moving means including work-constraining projections, but in which the work partakes of all the feeding movement of the work-mover.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, 52 for pin feeders, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Device provided with at least two means to move the work, said means being separate in the direction of movement of the work, and in which the cutter is located interjacent said means.
(1) Note. If the means located beyond the cutter facilitates pulling the work through the cutting zone, it is considered to be a work-moving means for this subclass. For
patents in which the means located beyond the cutter facilitates movement of the product away from the cutting zone, see subclasses 102+.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102 and see (1) Note above.
110 and 112+, for product-handling conveyor beyond the cutter.
155 for endless conveyor handling product.

This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Device in which a cutter is located at a cutting zone in the path of moving work and whose cutting plane (as disclosed) is substantially parallel to said path and to the direction of movement of the work for constant cutting contact with said work, and including claimed means for moving the work to and through said cutting zone for constant cutting of said work.
(1) Note. This subclass includes tools known generally in the art as "slitters" as well as saws.
(2) Note. The word "constant" as used above does not preclude the operation of means to reposition the cutter out of (and thus, also, back into) the cutting zone in the absence of work thereat. The cutting is constant so long as (a) the cutter remains in its cutting position and (b) the work is moved toward and past it. The following conclusions flow from consideration of this qualification:
(i) The cutter does not have a cycle of operation known as "tool feed"), in that it does not move to and through the work during cutting. If the cutter has a movement, its movement is limited to: (1) a bodily movement of the cutter into a position wherein it will cut the work, or out of such cutting position, but in either such case while the work is absent from the cutting zone; or (2) an internal movement such as will present a fresh cutting edge to the work; for example, as by rotation of a rotatable circular blade or by reciprocation of a blade, but in either case while the cutting edge remains in contact with the work. If the cutter is moved into the work while the work is at the cutting zone, such movement is part of a cutting cycle, and a patent claiming such structure is not found herein. For such patent see subclasses 202+, 284+, and 350+.
(ii) The work may be, for instance, a succession of relatively closely-spaced articles, each of which articles is to be cut or slit longitudinally of the direction of article
movement from the leading end to the trailing end of each article regardless of the orientation of the article. It also may be a web of indeterminate length, for instance, which is to be slit longitudinally of its length.

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202 284+, and 350+, see (2) Note above.
469 for a feature relating to a rotatable disc-blade cutter, alone or cooperating with a mating cutter.
651 for a feature relating to fixed blade type of cutter, per se.
788 for an endless band-knife cutter positioned for continuous engagement with moving work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Device including an additional cutter which cuts through the work before or after (in time or space) the cutter having constant contact with the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Device provided with at least two distinct tools separated one from the other laterally across the path of moving work.
(1) Note. The tools of this particular subclass are distinguished from tools of subclasses indented hereunder by the fact that each tool is separately mounted on its own independent shaft or carrier.

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356.3 for a cutting device having a single tool support for plural tools, wherein the support moves with uniformly timed strokes relative to the moving work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 425.2. Device
wherein the tools are laterally spaced on a carrier or shaft which is common to all the tools.

This subclass is indented under subclass 425.3. Device wherein at least one of the tools is movable or adjustable along the axes of the shaft or the length of the carrier.

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504 for a rotatable disc tool pair wherein one of the discs of the tool pair is axially adjustable.

This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Device including means to move the edged cutter, and common mechanism to drive both the cutter-moving means and the work-moving means.
(1) Note. The cutter movement referred to above is limited to a movement as restricted in paragraph A of (2) Note to subclass 425. Exemplary forms of such cutter movement are a reciprocation of the cutter (such as is produced in a "jigsaw" type of cutter) and a rotation of a disc blade type of cutter.

This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Device in which the movement of the cutter is to-and-fro (either rectilinear or oscillating) in the direction of work-thickness.

This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Device in which the cutter movement is in a direction which is simultaneously transverse to the path of the work, and substantially perpendicular to the cutting plane of said
cutter, (i.e., parallel to a surface of the work), and occurs while the work is moving through the cutting zone.
(1) Note. Patents placed herein produce an undulant or zigzag line of separation of cutting. For other patents producing a zigzag line, but without lateral movement of the tool, see subclass 333.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
333 and see (1) Note above.
353 for cutter traveling (e.g., laterally) with respect to moving work.
356 for cutter having periodic lateral feed with respect to moving work.
498 and 504, for other means to move a tool pair or tool laterally of the direction of movement of the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Device in which the cutter-moving means imparts to the cutter a component of velocity in the direction of movement of the work, and including means to cause the velocity of the cutter to be different in magnitude than the velocity of the work.
(1) Note. Since a reciprocating cutter whose cutting edge is at an oblique angle to the direction of work movement inherently has a varying component of velocity in the direction of work movement as it accelerates and decelerates in its to-and-fro movement, this of itself is not considered a means to bring about a difference between the speed of the tool and the speed of the work. However, if a means is provided to vary the speed of the motion converting mechanism (which effects the reciprocation of such a cutter) with relation to the speed of the work, such patents have been placed in this subclass (429).
(2) Note. A patent claiming means to rotate the cutter in a negative direction; e.g., a direction opposed to the movement of the work, will be found herein.

This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Device in which the means to move work turns about an axis of rotation
and engages work to move the work tangentially of said means, and in which the cutter is a circular disc-blade turning about the same axis of rotation.
(1) Note. To be placed herein, a patent must include an edged cutter and a work-moving roller or disc coaxial with each other. A tool which is recited in the claim as both a cutting means and a work-moving means is considered to be a coaxial cutter and work-mover if it otherwise fits the limitations of the definition.
(2) Note. A roller serving both as work-moving means and as the backup anvil for an edged cutter not revolving about such axis is not itself considered to be an edged cutter. For such structure, see subclass 434. For similar structure wherein the roller does not function as a work-moving means, see subclasses 505+.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
434 and 505+, and see (1) Note above.
500 for a roller having a cutting edge at the end thereof, the periphery of which roller could function as a work-moving means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Device including means additional to the work-mover or a cutter located adjacent the edged cutter and acting in a direction which is simultaneously parallel to the plane of said edged cutter and perpendicular to the direction of work movement to urge the work upon the edged cutter.

This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Device in which, as disclosed, the work mover acts to move planar work in a path parallel to the work-plane, and the cutting plane of the cutter is simultaneously parallel to the direction of said path and inclined to said work-plane.

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3 and 4, for edge-trimming and skiving cutters.

This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Device in which the cutter is mounted for movement with relation to the means for moving the work.
(1) Note. Included herein are cutter mountings providing for adjustment of the cutter in cutting position as well as mountings providing for movement of the cutters into and out of a position wherein it will cut work.

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248 for means to adjust a tool in a subclass 202 type of device.
482 for rotatable disc-blades movable into or out of cutting position.
498 and 504, for rotatable disc-blade cutters adjustable axially.
699.51 for adjustable mounting for fixed-type cutters.

This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Device in which the means for moving work includes a work-contacting face area, and in which the cutting edge of the cutter engages said face area during cutting.
(1) Note. The structure of patents placed in this subclass is similar to that of subclasses 505+ and 509+ in that patents in this subclass may include a rotatable disc-blade (in subclasses 505+) or a fixed cutter (in subclasses 509+) engaging the periphery of a cylindrical anvil. The difference is that in this subclass the cylindrical anvil is rotated by drive means and is claimed as a work-feed (or equivalent term) means, whereas the anvil of subclasses 505+ and 509+ is not claimed as moving the work.

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176 for devices wherein the work is claimed as deformed around an anvil for cutting the work.
505 and 509+, and see (1) Note above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Device in which the means for moving work includes at least two such means cooperating to move the same work, but separated one from the other in a direction transverse to the direction of work movement, and the cutter is located interjacent said two means.
(1) Note. Included herein are grooved feed rolls and cutters located at the grooves.

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430 for similar structure wherein the cutter is coaxial with and moved by means common to the work-moving drive means.

By rectilinearly moving work carriage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Device wherein the work moving means is of rigid construction and is adapted to support the work against gravity and which support moves relative to the tool station along a fixed straight path.
(1) Note. A miter gage having a portion that rides in a slot in a cutter table is considered to be a work carriage, under the definition of this and the indented subclasses.

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276 for reciprocating work-mover, wherein the tool engages the work during dwell of intermittent workfeed.
409 for other rectilinear work-mover means including a work-constrainer.
437.1 for a cutting device having a rectilinearly moving work carriage and a tool, generally.
730 for a cutting device including a rectilinearly moving work carriage and including means to cause the cutting device to make plural passes through a diminishing workpiece, including means to effect incremental movement toward the plane of cut.

Angularly adjustable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 435.11. Device
including provision to allow the device to be repositioned about an axis.

Having positive adjustment stop; e.g., link:
This subclass is indented under subclass 435.12. Device including a preset adjustment limiting abutment.

Having position indicating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 435.12. Device including digital provision to designate the location of the work.
(1) Note. An indicator showing the position of a work support also shows the position of the work thereon, and is included herein.

Pusher engaging rear surface of work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 435.11. Device comprising a member acting to engage a backward facing surface of the workpiece and shove it toward the cutter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
431 for similar structure including means additional to the work-mover or a cutter located adjacent the edged cutter and acting in a direction which is simultaneously parallel to the plane of said edged cutter and perpendicular to the direction of work movement to urge the work upon the edged cutter.
437.2 for a tool opposing pusher that forces the work toward a cutter; wherein the cut is other than parallel to the direction of movement of the work.

Having means to actuate pusher:
This subclass is indented under subclass 435.15. Device including a component intended to engage the shoving member to effect movement thereof.

Hydraulically or pneumatically means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 435.16. Device wherein the component is adapted to utilize gas or liquid under pressure to effect movement.