U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 060
POWER PLANTS
Class Definition:
This is the residual class concerned with the driving of a
load by the conversion of heat, pressure, radiant, or
gravitational energy into mechanical motion. It includes a
motor in combination with its energy supply or its exhaust
treatment. It also includes the motors, per se, combinations
of motors, and elements specialized for use in such energy
conversion that are not specifically provided for elsewhere.
(1) Note. The mere nominal inclusion with the motor of and
element or machine driven by the motor is not generally
considered sufficient to exclude the patent from the class.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Unless specifically provided for elsewhere, a combination of
plural motors of types that would, per se, be classified in
different classes is classified in Class 60.
Combustion products generators in which steam or water are
added to the combustion zone are classified in Class 60,
Power Plants, where it is the sole disclosure that the
products of combustion are to be used to produce useful work.
See Class 110, Furnaces, and Class 431, Combustion, for
combustion products generators of general utility where steam
or water is supplied to the combustion zone. Combustion
products generators, per se, using solid fuel, having high
pressure generator structure peculiar to the generation of
high pressure fluid for motive power, are classified herein.
Combustion chamber structure of general utility, and
structure for fuel preparation and fuel feeding to a
conventional combustion chamber not provided for in other
fuel preparation classes, as Class 241, Solid Material
Comminution or Disintegration, are classified in Class 110,
Furnaces.
Combustion product generators in which hazardous or toxic
waste is used as the fuel to produce useful work. See Class
588 for the processes of destruction or containment of
hazardous or toxic waste.
LINE WITH CLASS 91 AND CLASS 418
See (4) Note of the class definition of Class 91, for a
statement of the line between Classes 60 and 91, the same
line being maintained between Classes 60 and 418.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass for a
measuring and testing device in which the measuring or
testing means uses pressurized motive fluid that drives an
indicator.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 16 for power
tables or strands comprising portable power units.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclass
for a fluid motor or a combination of such motors that has no
more than a nominal pressure fluid source or nominal exhaust
means. See (4) Note of the class definition of Class 91 for
the line between Class 60 and Class 91.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, appropriate subclass for an
expansible chamber device or plural expansible chamber
devices. See (4) Note of the class definition of Class 92
for the line between Classes 60 and 92.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, for a liquid heater or
vaporizer that generates hot fluid. The minimal inclusion of
a motor as the source or utilizer of the treated fluid does
not prevent classification in Class 122.
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, appropriate subclass, for
an internal combustion engine, per se. A combination of
internal combustion engines or an internal combustion engine
with an exhaust treating or handling means is in Class 60.
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclass for
subject matter directed to driving or impacting a tool when
such subject matter includes combined features peculiar to
tool driving, but which does not include features limiting
the subject matter to a specific tool art, such as specific
shape of the work contacting portion of a tool, related
tools, or an opposed work support. A combination of plural
motors of the same or different types, one of which causes or
controls tool advance and the other drives or impacts a tool
is classified in Class 173.
185, Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered, appropriate
subclass for a spring, weight or animal powered motor and for
plural or composite motor combinations consisting solely of
arrangements of such motors. See the notes in the class
definition of Class 185 for a statement of the line between
Classes 60 and 185.
237, Heating Systems, appropriate subclass for a power plant
combined with a heating system.
252, Compositions, appropriate subclasses particularly 67
and 71+ for power transmission compositions. Patents are
placed in Class 252, Compositions, (1) claiming admixtures of
ingredients, or claiming an old compound, limited to use as a
hydraulic or other type power transmission fluid, (2)
processes of power generation claimed broadly and
distinguished solely by the composition or compound used, and
(3) power plant apparatus distinguished by the composition of
compound therein, i.e., where characteristics of apparatus
structure are not claimed. The preceding are placed in Class
252, Compositions, even though freezing or boiling points,
temperatures of use, or amount of power transmitted are
specified.
290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, appropriate subclass for the
combination of a motor and an electric generator in which is
included (1) any detail of the generator; (2) any
relationship between a generator part and a motor; and (3)
any control of the motor by part of the electricity produced
by the generator. A motor electric generator combination in
combination in which the electric generator is merely a
nominal load driven by the motor is not precluded from Class
60.
303, Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems, appropriate
subclass, for the distribution of fluid to brake motors. See
the notes to the definition of subclass 533 of Class 60 for
a detailed statement of the line between Classes 60 and 303.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate
subclass for an electric motor, per se.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate subclass
for a system of electrical supply or control for one or more
electrical motors. A residual system comprising an
electrical and a nonelectrical motor is in Class 60.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 187 for temperature
measurement in which the expansion or contraction of a
sensing material drives an indicator.
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, appropriate
subclass for (1) a rotary kinetic energy motor, per se, or
one with a merely nominal load, motive fluid supply, or
exhaust structure; (2) for a plurality of such motors. See
the detailed statement of the line between Classes 60 and 415
in the class definition of Class 415, particularly the search
class notes to Class 60 in References to Other Classes.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), appropriate
subclass for a motor comprising an unconfined impeller driven
by a flowing working fluid, e.g., windmill etc.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, appropriate subclass
for an expansible chamber fluid motor or a combination of
such motors. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, above, for the line between Class 418, Class 60, and
an additional class.
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
appropriate subclasses for the use of a hazardous or toxic
waste as a fuel for power production combined with the
destruction of the waste.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
39.01
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Plants
or processes having means to generate combustion products,
either continuously or intermittently, whereby said products
are usable, at least in part, to perform useful work.
(1) Note. Combustion products generator a device including
essentially a chamber in which a suitable fuel and an
oxidizer are burned or exploded to produce hot products of
combustion, together with accessory means to mix water, fuel
and oxidizer, to spray or feed water, fuel, or oxidizer, to
ignite the fuel charge, to periodically operate the inlet and
exhaust valves, or other means accessory to such chamber.
Continuous combustion type this refers to the operation of a
combustion products generator, without cyclically actuated
inlet or outlet valves, in which the fuel and oxidizer are
supplied to permit combustion to proceed in an unbroken or
uninterrupted manner to produce a steady stream of combustion
products. This type is also known as a "constant pressure"
type.
Intermittent combustion type - this refers to the operation
of a combustion products generator, usually having inlet or
outlet valves, or both, or their equivalents, in which a fuel
charge is periodically exploded or burned to discharge a
pulsating stream of combustion products. This type is also
known as an "explosion" or "constant volume" type.
(2) Note. This subclass and the indented subclasses include
subcombinations peculiarly adapted for power production or
solely disclosed for such purpose, unless classification is
provided therefor in some other existing class and subclass.
(3) Note. See Lines With Other Classes in the class
definition for line between Class 60 and Classes 110 and
431.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
272 for internal-combustion engines which discharge exhaust
gases under pressure suitable for use in a motor, in
combination with means to act upon the exhaust gases, such as
means to store or to conduct such gases, or to add a fluid
thereto, or to burn fuel in said exhaust gases.
597 for plants in which the combustion products are
generated by burning a fuel in the expansible working chamber
of an internal combustion engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 202 for means for
igniting a missile propellant.
Subclass:
39.02
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Processes
for producing motive fluids composed of products of
combustion or for operating plants utilizing such motive
fluids.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 212 for
processes wherein oil and air are injected into a heated
retort.
252, Compositions, 372 for processes of making gaseous
compositions involving combustion.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 30 for processes of furnace lining
formation or repair and see the notes thereto.
431, Combustion, 2 for a residual process of combustion or
burner operation of general application.
Subclass:
39.03
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.02. Processes
involving the variation of the quantity or temperature of the
motive fluid composed of products of combustion, or the
available energy of a plant utilizing such motive fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.2 for apparatus involving regulation of power output in a
combustion products power plant.
Subclass:
39.04
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.02. Processes
involving the generation of motive fluid composed of products
of combustion used in, or the use of such motive fluid in,
plants having multiple expansion motors.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.16 for apparatus involving reexpansion of the combustion
products in multiple motor plants, and see the search notes
thereunder.
Subclass:
39.05
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.02. Processes
involving the addition of steam and/or water to the
ingredients utilized to generate the motive fluid, or to the
motive fluid, prior to its discharge from the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.53 for apparatus involving the addition of steam and/or
water to the motive fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 215 for
processes wherein oil, steam and air are injected into a
highly heated retort.
Subclass:
39.06
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.02. Processes
involving the initiation of the combustion of the fuel charge
and/or the injection of the fuel within a combustion products
generator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.14 for starting devices.
39.74 for fuel injection apparatus for combustion products
generators.
39.82 for ignition devices for combustion products
generators.
Subclass:
39.07
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants in
combination with means whereby the device, in addition to
providing useful power for external use, also serves as a
source of heat or pressure fluid, such as steam, combustion
products, or compressed air, for use in another art device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.13 39.14, 39.15+, and 39.19, for plants in which the
supplemental pressure fluid, as defined above, is used in
another motor.
Subclass:
39.08
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants in
combination with means to supply a lubricant to movable parts
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 196 for
lubrication means for internal-combustion engines.
184, Lubrication, appropriate subclass, for lubrication in
general.
Subclass:
39.091
With safety device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants in
combination with a safety device in the form of means to
prevent the creation of dangerous or objectionable operating
conditions, or to sense and to relieve such conditions.
(1) Note. The conditions referred to do not ordinarily
occur during normal operation of the power plants.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.03 for processes of regulation of the rate of power
output.
39.13 for plants wherein the operation of the generator is
stopped and started in response to pressure changes in an
accumulator receiving products of combustion.
39.2 for apparatus for the regulation of the rate of power
output.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 198 for safety
devices designed for use with internal-combustion engines.
Subclass:
39.092
Debris anti-ingestion preventer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.091. Plants
wherein the safety device comprises structure designed to
prevent the inflow of foreign material into the air intake or
other sensitive structure of the power plant.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
55, Gas Separation, subclass 306 for debris anti-ingestion
means for use on aircraft engine inlets not combined with
significant engine structure.
Subclass:
39.093
Ice preventer or deicer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.091. Plants
wherein the safety device comprises structure designed to
either prevent the formation or eliminate the accumulation of
frozen water on components of the power plant.
Subclass:
39.094
Fuel flusher or drainer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.091. Plants
wherein the safety device comprises structure designed to
either purge a portion of the fuel system of the power plant
or to remove areas of abnormally accumulated fuel in the
power plant.
Subclass:
39.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.09. Plants in
which the safety means senses an excess pressure in the
system, and relieves such excess pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 455 for valves which respond to changes
in line condition.
220, Receptacles, subclasses 89.1-89.4 for frangible or
fusible diaphragms which burst or melt to relieve excess
pressure.
Subclass:
39.11
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.09. Plants in
which the safety means includes screens or equivalent means
to prevent the flash-back of the flame.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 192 for safety
devices for preventing, localizing and confining explosions
in a gas distributing system.
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 434 for safety
devices used in connection with charge-forming devices of
internal-combustion engines.
220, Receptacles, 88.1 for flame guards for receptacles.
222, Dispensing, subclass 189.01 for flame guards for
dispensers.
Subclass:
39.12
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants in
combination with means, distinct from and independent of the
combustion products generator, to generate a combustible gas
that is delivered to the combustion products generator to be
burned.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.69 for combinations wherein the generator of the
combustible gas is not distinct from the combustion products
generator, but functions merely as a pre-combustion chamber.
39.71 for means to vaporize a liquid fuel by heat incidental
to the operation of the combustion products generator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, appropriate subclasses
for combustible gas generators, per se.
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 3 for
combinations of an internal-combustion engine and a
combustible gas generator.
Subclass:
39.13
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants
including means to start and stop the operation of the
combustion products generator in response to pressure change
in a storage vessel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.141 for starting devices.
39.24 for plants in which the operation of the combustion
products generator is varied, but not stopped, in response to
pressure fluctuations in the combustion products
accumulator.
281 for combinations of internal-combustion engines and
exhaust gas accumulators.
Subclass:
39.141
With starting device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants in
combination with means to initially place the plant in
operation, or to condition the plant or to modify the normal
operating cycle, in order to facilitate the initial operation
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.13 for plants which automatically start and stop the
operation of a combustion products generator in response to
the pressure in an accumulator for combustion products.
39.33 for means to convert the cycle of operation from one
type to another, or to operate on different fluids,
selectively, for normal power delivery.
39.821 for ignition devices which may or may not be used
only during starting.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, 179.1 for starting devices
for internal-combustion engines.
Subclass:
39.142
Separate starting device or motive fluid source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.141. Plants
having either (1) a motor distinct from a plant wherein the
motor is used to place the plant in operation, or (2) a
separate source of working fluid distinct from a main source
of working fluid normally used to drive the plant wherein
this separate source of fluid is used to place the plant in
operation.
Subclass:
39.15
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants
having a plurality of distinct motors, at least two of which
are operated by a fluid under pressure.
(1) Note. Distinct motors include (1) two or more turbine
rotors on a common shaft receiving combustion products, in
parallel, from a common combustion products generator, or
each rotor being supplied by a separate combustion products
generator; (2) two or more expansible chamber cylinders
supplied, in parallel, from a common combustion products
generator where the cylinders are more than mere duplicates
of each other; (3) a plurality of motors, on separate shafts,
which may or may not deliver power to a common output shaft;
(4) a plurality of turbine stages in a common housing, or in
separate housings, wherein the combustion products pass
through the stages in series, involving some treatment of the
combustion products between stages; and (5) two or more
turbines with means whereby the turbines are selectively
operable to rotate power output shaft in either direction.
The means whereby the turbines are selectively operable may
include one or more clutches or equivalent means to connect
the turbines to the power output shaft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.141 for starting motors used with plants operated by
products of combustion.
39.22 for plants in which an auxiliary motor controls the
cycle frequency of an intermittent combustion type of
combustion products generator.
698 for motors having several modes of operation, each
classifiable in different motor classes, or for multiple
motors of the same class other than combustion products
types.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, appropriate
subclasses for plural or multiple-stage gas turbines, per se,
that does not involve combustion products generation means.
Subclass:
39.161
Re-expansion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.15. Plants in
which the motive fluid passes through two or more motors in
series.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 8 and 152 for
multiple expansion type expansible chamber motors.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, subclass 5 for
multistage rotary expansible chamber device.
Subclass:
39.162
Counter-rotatable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.161. Plants in
which two motors rotate in different directions.
Subclass:
39.163
Selectively connectable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.161. Plants
having at least two motors which may be selectively
interconnected to provide a common power output.
Subclass:
39.17
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.16. Plants
including means to treat the combustion products between
successive stages of expansion, as, for example, by heating,
cooling, or by the addition of fuel air, water, steam or more
combustion products.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
643 and 662, for multiple stage motor plants using mixed
fluids other than products of combustion, having means for
admitting fluid between expansion stages from some source
other than the next preceding stage while fluid is being
admitted from the preceding stage.
648 677, 679, and 684, for multiple stage motors using motive
fluid other than products of combustion, including means
affecting the motive fluid between stages, as, for example,
(1) tapping fluid for external use, (2) reheating, or (3)
separation of condensate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 8 for multiple
expansion type expansible chamber motors having means for
permitting a subsequent pressure stage to receive motive
fluid other than that discharged from the immediately prior
stage, said prior stage also receiving motive fluid and at
least ultimately discharging it into said subsequent stage.
Subclass:
39.181
Different fluids:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.15. Plants in
which unlike motive fluids are utilized in the several
motors, at least one of such motive fluids being composed of
combustion products.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.14 for starting motors using a motive fluid other than
combustion products.
Subclass:
39.182
Steam and combustion products:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.181. Plants
having at least one motor operating on steam and one motor
operating on combustion products.
Subclass:
39.183
Air and combustion products:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.181. Plants
having at least one motor operating on air and one motor
operating on combustion products.
Subclass:
39.19
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants
having a single motor in which two or more unlike motive
fluids are simultaneously employed without being mixed in the
motor, at least one of the motive fluids being composed of
combustion products.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
486 and 674, for power plants simultaneously using two or
more different motive fluids in a single motor, the motive
fluids being other than combustion products.
Subclass:
39.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants in
combination with means to vary the rate of power output, as
by varying the speed of the power output motor, or by
controlling the temperature and/or quantity of the motive
fluid, or by varying the duration of the events, during each
cycle, of an intermittent combustion type generator.
(1) Note. In order to be classified in this subclass the
patent should claim the control means more specifically than
merely as a "valve", "valved pipe", "controlling means",
"throttle valve", or similar broad terms. This exclusion
note applies only to this subclass, and not to the indented
subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.03 for processes of regulation of power output.
39.13 for regulation involving the starting and stopping of
the combustion products generator in response to pressure
changes in a storage vessel receiving such products.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, 101 for devices for feeding solid fuel to
furnaces.
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, 319 for speed regulators
for internal-combustion engines.
Subclass:
39.21
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.2. Combinations
in which the quantity of the motive fluid is regulated by
varying the number of combustion products generators in
operation, viz., by cutting in and out one or more, but not
all, of a plurality of combustion products generators.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.09 for combinations in which the operation of all
combustion products generators is discontinued upon the
creation of, or to prevent the creation of, dangerous
operating conditions.
39.14 for starting arrangements of plants having a number of
combustion products generators, wherein a fewer number than
all of the generators are placed in operation during the
starting cycle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 52 for systems
for disabling some of the cylinders of an internal-combustion
engine in order to vary the power output.
Subclass:
39.22
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.2. Combinations
in which the quantity of the motive fluid is regulated by
varying the cycle frequency of operation of an intermittent
combustion type generator relative to the speed of the prime
mover, i.e., the power output motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.13 for an independent motor for feeding a combustion
products generator, the motor being started and stopped in
response to the pressure in an accumulator receiving the
combustion products.
Subclass:
39.23
With variable oxidizer control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants
having means to vary the rate of flow of oxidizer to the
combustor, either for regulating the combustion process or
for regulation of the engine power output.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.29 for automatic or condition responsive control of
oxidizer.
Subclass:
39.24
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.2. Combinations
including means to sense a change in condition of power plant
operation, wherein the means to vary the rate of power output
is under the control of such sensing means.
(1) Note. Control means responsive to (1) pressure and/or
temperature of air or combustion products at any point
between entrance into the compressor and discharge from the
power plant; or (2) rate of flow or quantity of (a) air
passing through the compressor to the combustion products
generator or (b) products of combustion has been regarded as
responsive to a change in condition of power plant
operation.
The following has not been deemed significant power plant
structure; control means responsive to (1) power plant speed;
(2) carburetor or compressor inlet pressure; (3) air inlet
temperature to carburetor or compressor; (4) pump speed; (5)
fuel inlet or discharge pressure, velocity or volume; (6)
altitude.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.09 for combinations of power plants with means to
discontinue the supply of oxidizer, fuel, water, or motive
fluid in response to some undesired or dangerous condition of
operation.
233 for a means controlling the thrust of a thrust producing
device responsive to a motor condition such as speed, thrust,
acceleration, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 16 for a residual prime mover control
system.
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, subclass
14 and 15, for automatic furnace control.
431, Combustion, 18 for a residual automatically controlled
device specialized to combustion and disclosed for use for
purposes other than for external power.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 99 and 100 for indication or control of
power plants, particularly gas turbine compressors.
Subclass:
39.25
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.24. Combinations
wherein the means to vary the rate of power output regulates
the rate of flow of motive fluid to the prime mover, i.e.,
external power output motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.15 for plants having a plurality of distinct motors
wherein means are provided to vary the rate of flow of motive
fluid to one or more motors.
Subclass:
39.26
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.24. Combinations
wherein the means to vary the rate of power output regulates
the quantity of oxidizer, fuel and water or steam, comprising
the ingredients to produce the motive fluid.
Subclass:
39.27
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.24. Combinations
wherein the means to vary the rate of power output regulates
the quantity of oxidizer and fuel, separately or as a
fuel-oxidizer mixture, comprising the ingredients to produce
the motive fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, 319 for speed regulators
for internal combustion engines.
Subclass:
39.281
Fuel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.24. Combinations
wherein the means to vary the rate of power output regulates
the quantity of fuel comprising an ingredient to produce the
motive fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, 350 and 378+ for
regulation of fuel to internal combustion engines.
Subclass:
39.282
Torque sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.281.
Combinations wherein the means to sense a change in condition
of power plant operation is specially designed to sense the
turning moment or turning force of a component of the power
plant.
Subclass:
39.29
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.24. Combinations
wherein the means to vary the rate of power output regulates
the quantity of oxidizer comprising an ingredient to produce
the motive fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.23 for means to vary the oxidizer flow without a
condition responsive control thereof.
Subclass:
39.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.24. Combinations
wherein the means to vary the rate of power output regulates
the quantity of water or steam comprising an ingredient to
produce the motive fluid.
Subclass:
39.31
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Devices
wherein means are provided for fixing or holding said device
relative to some frame of reference.
(1) Note. Means for securing parts or elements of the
device to each other are not considered supporting or
mounting means for classification in this subclass. A bed
plate, per se, is not considered to be a support under this
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 16 for power
tables or stands comprising portable power units.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 54 for the support in combination
with the structure of the airplane.
248, Supports, 637 for machinery supports.
440, Marine Propulsion, 53 for the support in combination
with the structure of the boat as such or the propelling
means.
Subclass:
39.32
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Devices
wherein means are provided to permit relative movement
between parts to compensate for expansion and contraction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, subclass 187 for a coupling
with means to compensate for expansion and contraction, and
subclasses 223+, 261+, 266+, and 302 for pipe joints or
couplings which permit relative movement. See the Search
Notes thereunder.
403, Joints and Connections, 34 for two members connected by
a flexible diaphragm or bellows, subclasses 52+ for
articulated members and subclass 220 for two members
connected by flexible means.
Subclass:
39.33
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants
including means whereby the plant may be selectively or
automatically modified to operate on a different motive fluid
or different cycle, or the function of the motor may be
changed. Also, plants under subclass 39.01 in combination
with features other than combustion products generators and
motors, and not provided for in the preceding subclasses.
(1) Note. Combustion products generators and motors include
means to supply fuel, steam and/or water, compressors,
accumulators, cooling structure, and exhaust treatment
devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.14 for plants operated by combustion products wherein the
operation is changed for starting.
39.64 for plants operated by combustion products wherein the
operation is automatically converted in a definite periodic
cycle.
424 for plants using a motive fluid other than products of
combustion having means for changing from series flow to
parallel flow, or vice versa, in a multiple stage motor.
596 and 625+, for plants which are convertible from
internal-combustion to fluid pressure motor operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 11 for motors
of the expansible chamber type connected for series flow of
motive fluid, with means whereby the motors may be converted
to operate with parallel flow of motive fluid.
Subclass:
39.34
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants
including one or more rotating combustion products generators
and a turbine. The combustion products generator or
generators may be an integral part of the turbine, or may
form a separate member rotatable in the same or opposite
direction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), 20 for
combustion products generators carried by propeller
blades, the rotation being effected by the discharge of the
products of combustion through reaction nozzles.
Subclass:
39.35
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.34. Plants in
which the combustion within the combustion products generator
or generators proceeds in an uninterrupted or continuous
manner.
(1) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 39.01 for definition
of "continuous combustion type".
Subclass:
39.36
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants
comprising a turbine and a single combustion products
generator, the axis of the combustion products generator
being coaxial with the turbine shaft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.34 for rotating combustion products generator and
turbine, in which the generator axis may be coaxial with the
turbine shaft.
200 for combinations wherein coaxial combustion products
generator and turbine deliver exhaust gases to a jet reaction
nozzle.
Subclass:
39.37
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants in
which a turbine is fed with combustion products from a
plurality of combustion products generators lying in a ring
whose axis is coaxial with the turbine shaft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
35.6 for combinations wherein plural combustion products
generators in a ring coaxial with a turbine deliver exhaust
gases to a jet reaction nozzle.
39.34 for rotating combustion products generators and
turbine.
Subclass:
39.38
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.37. Plants in
which the combustion products generators operate in a cyclic
manner to intermittently produce and discharge combustion
products.
(1) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 39.01 for definitions
of "intermittent combustion type".
Subclass:
39.39
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.38. Plants in
which the inlet and/or discharge ports of the combustion
products generators are opened and closed by a common rotary
valve member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.38 for plants in which the turbine or compressor rotor is
provided with one or more solid portions which cooperate with
ports in the combustion products generators to perform
valving function.
Subclass:
39.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.38. Plants in
which the inlet and/or discharge valves of the combustion
products generators are actuated by a common cam member.
Subclass:
39.41
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants
including a movable pumping means connected with the
combustion products generator to withdraw all or a part of
the combustion products. This pump may deliver the combustion
products at an increased pressure to a receiver or prime
mover, or may serve to scavenge the combustion products
generator or to draw in a new fuel charge or air.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.56 for jet pumps for mixing steam and combustion
products.
39.7 for jet pumps wherein the combustion products from one
generator scavenge the combustion products from a cooperating
generator or draws a new fuel charge or air into said
cooperating generator.
Subclass:
39.42
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants
having a single turbine rotor with blade structure and flow
passages whereby the turbine rotor may be selectively
operable in either direction, usually by providing separate
forward and reverse blading on the rotor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, appropriate
subclasses for gas operated reversing turbines, per se.
Subclass:
39.43
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants
wherein the turbine rotor, in addition to its usual function
as a power producing element, also serves, at the same time,
to compress an oxidizer, fuel, or a fuel charge, for use in
the power cycle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.33 for turbines which may be selectively or automatically
converted to operate as compressors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, 175 and 177+ for
turbines carrying fan blades for the circulation of a cooling
medium.
Subclass:
39.44
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants
including a turbine of the so-called "closed pocket" type.
The motive fluid, introduced into these pockets, is trapped
therein, and while so trapped is incapable of exerting any
useful energy release by expansion, impulse, or reaction.
Turbines of this type are considered to be inoperative to
produce useful power.
(1) Note. To be classified herein, the patent, in addition
to disclosing a closed pocket turbine, should claim the
turbine more specifically than merely as a "turbine" or
"rotor", or similar broad language.
Subclass:
39.45
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants
including a compressor utilizing interengaging impellers, a
liquid or gas under pressure which directly contacts a gas to
be compressed, or a rotating helix or screw, to compress the
air, fuel, or fuel charge used in the plant.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, appropriate
subclasses for rotary pumps and compressors, per se, and see
the search note to Class 60, References to Other Classes of
the Class 415 Class Definition for a statement of the line.
417, Pumps, subclass 64 for a gas pressure pump using a
rotary cellular conveyer; and 65+ for pumps of the type
having one fluid pumped by another.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 166 for a rotary
expansible chamber device of the moving cylinder type having
intermeshing peripheral surfaces and subclasses 191+ for
rotary expansible chamber devices of the interengaging
rotating member type.
Subclass:
39.461
Using special fuel or oxidizer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants using
other oxidizer or fuel than air, oil or gasoline, in which
parts of the plant are modified to utilize such other
oxidizer or fuel.
(1) Note. See Lines With Other Classes in the Class
Definition for the line with Class 110.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, 300 for liquid fuels for
various uses.
110, Furnaces, see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
39.462
Monofuel type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.461. Plants
using a single component fuel which is decomposed into its
constituents to form a high pressure working fluid.
Subclass:
39.463
Plural distinct fuels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.461. Plants
which use two or more different fuels.
Subclass:
39.464
Solid, slurry, emulsive or suspensive type fuel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.461. Plants
which use a fuel that is either: (a) a substance or material
having a definite volume and shape, i.e., a solid; (b) a
relatively dense mixture of a particulate solid and liquid,
i.e., a slurry; (c) a mixture of liquids in which the liquids
are indissolvable in each other, i.e., an emulsion; or (d) a
mixture of a particulate solid dispersed in a liquid and in
which the solid is indissolvable in the liquid, i.e.,
suspension.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, for colloid systems or agents for such systems or
making or stabilizing such systems or agents, especially 9
for continuous liquid phase (emulsions, slurries,
suspensions), subclasses 98+ for continuous or semicontinuous
solid phase (gels, pastes); in each instance, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
39.465
Gaseous fuel at standard temperature and pressure:
Plants under 39.461 which use a fuel that is a gas at
standard temperature and pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.12 for plants which include means to generate a gaseous
fuel.
Subclass:
39.47
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.46. Plants in
which the motive fluids or products of combustion are
produced by the combustion of a solid fuel which carries
sufficient oxidizer incorporated therein to provide at least
the major portion necessary to burn the fuel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
632 for one shot explosion actuated expansible chamber type
motors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 530 for pressure gas
generating cartridges.
149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges,
appropriate subclasses for thermic or explosive compositions,
per se.
Subclass:
39.48
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants
including means to apply fluid pressure against oxidizer,
fuel, or water, in a receiver, either directly or through a
separating member, to forcibly feed a combustion products
generator.
(1) Note. By "separating member" is meant a flexible
diaphragm or piston follower which functions to transmit the
pressure of a fluid to the oxidizer, fuel or water.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, 394 for fluid pressure discharge in
dispensing devices.
Subclass:
39.49
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants in
which air is delivered to the combustion products generator
through a jet type pump, the motivating fluid for the jet
type pump being fuel or steam vaporized by the heat in the
system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.12 for plants in which air is fed into the system by
combustible gas generated in a combustible gas generator
distinct from and independent of the combustion products
generator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, appropriate
subclasses, especially 398 for a discharge distributor
including means to mix a plurality of fluids, even though the
distributor is disclosed as burner.
417, Pumps, subclass 158 for jet pumps in combination with
means to generate motive fluid therefor, the motive fluid
generator, in many cases, comprising means to vaporize a
liquid.
Subclass:
39.50
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants
including means to act upon or re-use the motive fluid after
its discharge from the power elements, as, for example, by
cooling, compressing, mixing with another fluid, or
recirculating it in the power cycle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
272 for exhaust treating devices in combination with
internal-combustion engines.
654 672, 681, 683, and 685+, for exhaust treatment of steam
driven motors.
Subclass:
39.511
Regenerator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.5. Plants in
which means are provided to transfer heat from the exhausted
motive fluid to the air prior to the delivery thereof to the
combustion products generator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
96 for air cooling of the exhaust from a steam driven
motor.
320 for air cooling of the exhaust gases from an
internal-combustion engine.
Subclass:
39.512
Rotary heat exchanger:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.511. Plants
including rotatable heat exchange structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
165, Heat Exchange, subclass 8 for rotary heat exchangers in
general.
Subclass:
39.52
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.5. Plants in
which some or all of the exhaust gases are returned to the
circuit to form a portion of the motive fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 and 40, for combinations in which a portion of the
exhaust is mingled with live motive fluid between the
generator and motor, no combustion products fluid being
involved.
39.43 in which a portion of the combustion products or
exhaust gases is recycled incidental to the dual function of
the turbine.
654 672, 681, 683, and 691, for combinations of a motor with
means for returning the exhausted motive fluid, without
dissipation of the heat content remaining therein, to the
place where energy was originally imparted thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, 568.11 for devices to mix
a portion of the exhaust gases with the fuel charge.
Subclass:
39.53
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants
including means to add water and/or steam to the motive fluid
before its discharge from the prime mover, or to the oxidizer
or fuel delivered to the combustion products generator, which
fuel and oxidizer are burned to form the motive fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.04 for processes involving the addition of water and/or
steam to the fuel or oxidizer, or to the combustion products
prior to the discharge from the motor.
39.3 for plants including means to automatically regulate
the water and/or steam.
Subclass:
39.54
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.53. Plants in
which the steam and/or water is added to the motive fluid
within the working space of the turbine or expansible chamber
motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.17 for multiple expansion motors in which steam and/or
water is added to the products of combustion between
successive expansion stages.
39.58 for plants in which the steam and/or water is added in
the turbine nozzle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 25 for
internal-combustion engines with means to supply water or
steam to the working cylinder to mix with the products of
combustion therein.
Subclass:
39.55
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.53. Plants in
which the steam and/or the water is added to the products of
combustion within the combustion chamber of the combustion
products generator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.49 for injectors utilizing steam to feed air into a
combustion products generator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, 199, 296 and 297+ for feeding steam and/or
water to furnaces.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, appropriate
subclasses for a fluid discharge distributor system even
though disclosed as a burner, especially 128 for means to
heat the fluid or the system, and subclasses 398+ for means
to mix a plurality of fluids prior to, at or subsequent to
discharge.
431, Combustion, appropriate subclasses for combustion
apparatus not disclosed solely for utilization in a prime
mover in which water or water vapor is fed to interact with
fuel and oxidizer.
Subclass:
39.56
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.53. Plants in
which the union of steam and/or water with products of
combustion takes place in a zone above a standing body of
water, the water being heated by the products of combustion.
Subclass:
39.57
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.56. Plants in
which the products of combustion are discharged below the
surface of the water in order that they may bubble through
the water to the mixing zone.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 360.2 for a submerged
fluid fuel burner other than a top-accessible liquid heating
vessel having direct contact of the liquid by exhaust.
Subclass:
39.58
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.53. Plants in
which the steam and/or water is united with the products of
combustion in a mixing nozzle between the combustion products
generator and motor or place of utilization, or is united in
a turbine nozzle.
Subclass:
39.59
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.53. Plants in
which the combustion products and steam and/or water are
united in a receiver distinct from the boiler or combustion
chamber of the combustion products generator.
(1) Note. The "boiler", as used above, refers to a receiver
for a standing body of water in which the steam is generated,
and having a space above the water for the collection of the
steam.
Subclass:
39.6
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants
including a prime mover comprising a motor of the expansible
chamber type, the motor being in communication with an
external-combustion products generator by means of a
periodically opened transfer valve or equivalent means, to
admit products of combustion into the working space on the
power stroke of the motor piston. In an intermittently fired
combustion products generator, ignition must be initiated
prior to the opening of the transfer valve or equivalent
means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
632 for one shot explosion actuated expansible chamber type
motors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, appropriate subclasses, for
prime movers of the expansible chamber type having a
combustion chamber separated from the working space by a
periodically opened transfer valve or equivalent means, the
transfer valve or equivalent means being open at the instant
of ignition. Note 253.
Subclass:
39.62
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.6. Plants in
which a power cylinder receives combustion products
alternately from two or more consecutively fired intermittent
type combustion products generators.
Subclass:
39.63
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.6. Plants in
which the combustion within the combustion products generator
proceeds in an uninterrupted or continuous manner.
(1) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 39.01 as to
definition of "continuous combustion type".
Subclass:
39.64
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants in
which an intermittently actuated motive fluid generator
discharges combustion products, and alternately therewith, in
a regular cyclic manner, also discharges distinct volumes of
a different motive fluid, such as heated air or steam.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.18 for internal-combustion engines having separate fluid
pressure expansion strokes.
39.33 for plants in which the discharge of combustion
products and a different motive fluid is selective.
Subclass:
39.75
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Devices,
comprising a generator of combustion products and a turbine
receiving and driven by such products.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.34 for rotating combustion products generator and
turbine.
39.36 for coaxial combustion products generator and
turbine.
39.37 for plural combustion products generators arranged in
a ring coaxial with turbine.
39.42 for combustion products generator with reversible
turbine.
39.43 for combustion products generator with dual function
turbine.
39.44 for combustion products generator with closed pocket
turbine.
39.73 for combustion products generator located in turbine
nozzle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, appropriate
subclasses, for gas operated turbines, per se.
Subclass:
39.76
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Combustion
devices, having valves or equivalent means operating in a
cyclic manner to intermittently produce and discharge
combustion products.
(1) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 39.01 for definition
of "intermittent combustion type."
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.38 for plants including a plurality of intermittent
combustion type generators arranged in a ring coaxial with a
turbine shaft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 657 for
combustion chambers for internal-combustion engines.
Subclass:
39.77
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.76. Combustion
devices in which a resonating or pulsating condition within
the combustion products generator, due to the cyclic
combustion of a fuel charge, is utilized to effect the
exhaust of the products of combustion and the suction and
compression of air or a fuel charge.
Subclass:
39.78
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.76. Combustion
devices in which rotating, revolving, reciprocating, or
oscillating combustion device cooperates with ports in a
stationary or relatively movable valve member to control the
cyclic events of the intermittent combustion cycle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.34 for rotating combustion products generator and
turbine.
Subclass:
39.79
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.76. Combustion
devices in which the combustion air, fuel charge, fuel
feeding or exhaust valve is cyclically actuated by a fluid
under pressure the application of such fluid under pressure
being periodically controlled by a valve or similar means.
Subclass:
39.80
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.76. Combustion
devices in which the combustion air or fuel charge inlet
valve, or the combustion products outlet valve, is cyclically
actuated by the pressure at which the air, fuel charge or
combustion products are delivered to or discharged from the
combustion products generator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.7 for combustion products generators in which the valves
in one generator are operated by pressure fluctuations in
another generator.
39.77 for pressure actuated valves in resonating combustion
products generators.
Subclass:
39.81
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.76. Combustion
devices in which the fuel or fuel charge inlet valve is
provided with means to cyclically feed a measured supply of
fuel or fuel charge into the combustion device when
actuated.
Subclass:
39.821
With ignition device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.69. Combustion
devices in combination with an ignition device in the form of
means to provide a source of heat to initiate combustion of a
fuel charge or to maintain combustion within a combustion
products generator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.06 for processes of ignition. 39.14, for igniters
combined with starting devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, 143 for igniters for
internal-combustion engines.
431, Combustion, appropriate subclass for a residual fuel
burner having an ignition means.
Subclass:
39.822
Catalytic type:
Combustion devices under 39.821 wherein the ignition device
comprises structure in the form of a substance that increases
the rate of chemical reaction of reactants brought into
physical contact with the structure.
Subclass:
39.823
Pyrotechnic squib or charge type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.821. Combustion
devices wherein the ignition device comprises structure
composed of explosive-type materials but which has been
modified or designed to burn rather than to explode.
(1) Note. The devices of this subclass are very similar to
common fireworks and in particular firecrackers which have
been ruptured or otherwise modified to cause the device to
burn rather than to explode as in normal operation.
Subclass:
39.824
Hypergolic type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.821. Combustion
devices wherein the ignition device comprises structure
designed to bring into contact fuel components which ignite
spontaneously upon contact with each other.
Subclass:
39.825
Single shot liquid type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.821. Combustion
devices wherein the ignition device comprises structure
specially designed to deliver a discrete quantity of liquid
fuel in to a combustion chamber during a specified time
period.
Subclass:
39.826
Pilot or torch type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.821. Combustion
devices wherein the ignition device comprises a small jet
designed to continuously supply gaseous fuel which either
remains constantly burning or is otherwise ignited when
desired.
Subclass:
39.827
Spark type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.821. Combustion
devices wherein the ignition device comprises structure
designed to produce an electrical discharge through normally
insulative material, e.g., through air or similar atmospheric
substances.
Subclass:
39.828
Incandescent type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.821. Combustion
devices wherein the ignition device comprises structure which
either, (a) is capable of being made incandescent prior to
and to produce initial combustion operation of the combustion
device, or (b) is capable of being raised to and maintained
for a sustained period of time in an incandescent state
wherein the ignition device is raised to this state during an
uninterrupted period of combustion of the combustion device.
(1) Note. A typical example of the type of ignition device
provided for in (a) above would be an electrical filament
through which an electrical current is passed causing the
filament to become heated and incandescent. Similarly, a
typical example of the type of ignition device provided for
in (b) above would be a ceramic structure which upon being
heated by combustion heat retains this heat for a very long
time and therefore can be used to re-ignite a combustion
device in which combustion has ceased.
Subclass:
39.83
Cooling of auxiliary components:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants
having means to cool engine components other than those
specifically provided for in preceding subclasses.
(1) Note. Patents classified herein include cooling of the
engine casing, auxiliaries (e.g., starter motor, fuel pump,
generator), and bearings not specifically disclosed or
claimed as integral components of the compressor or turbine
element.
(2) Note. An engine shaft is considered an element of
either the compressor or motor, and coiling therefor is
classified under the appropriate compressor or motor
classification. However, cooling of a shaft bearing would be
included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.5 for cooling of the exhaust structure.
39.75 for cooling of the turbine and associated shaft.
39.82 for cooling of the igniter.
726 for cooling of the oxidizer compressor and associated
shaft.
740 for cooling of the fuel injector.
752 for cooling of the combustor liner.
Subclass:
200.1
REACTION MOTOR (E.G., MOTIVE FLUID GENERATOR AND REACTION
NOZZLE, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus or process for producing a useful thrust in one
direction by the expulsion of a motive fluid therefrom in a
opposite direction comprising a means for or step of
producing said motive fluid and a means for or step of
ejecting said motive fluid.
(1) Note. See (1) Note in subclass 205 for a glossary of
terms used in the titles and definitions of subclass 200.1
and indented subclasses.
(2) Note. This definition includes electronic propulsion
devices commonly known as "ion motors" wherein a thrust is
obtained in one direction by the ejection in the opposite
direction of ions accelerated electronically or by other
means and expelled into the ambient.
(3) Note. The "means for or step of producing said motive
fluid" in the definition may be, for example, any means for
imparting energy to the motive fluid such as a heating means,
an ion accelerating means, a combustion chamber, a source of
such motive fluid such as a tank or merely a pump, and the
"means for ejecting said motive fluid" may be merely a pipe,
though it is usually a nozzle.
(4) Note. Apparatus under this definition is usually used
to cause motion of a vehicle to which it is attached but it
may be used to cause merely a thrust without producing
movement. Many apparatuses inherently cause a thrust while
accomplishing some other function and comprise a pressure
fluid producing means and a fluid ejecting means. Such
apparatuses are not classified under this definition but in
appropriate other classes based on the disclosed function,
e.g., Class 239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,
would be the locus for a system comprising a pump connected
to a nozzle used primarily to spray water and not to produce
a thrust. On the other hand, a device comprising merely a
pump and an output pipe which would normally be classified in
Class 417, Pumps, or Class 418, Rotary Expansible Chamber
Devices, is classifiable under this definition if the
disclosure is limited to the use of a device as a reaction
motor, e.g., to drive a boat. An exception to the above
described use classification is made in the case of those
power plants classifiable in Class 60, subclasses 39.01.
Even if the sole disclosure of such a power plant is to
produce a thrust it is not classifiable under this definition
unless the nozzle is specifically described in the claim.
(5) Note. This class provides for the combination of a
reaction propulsion device and a vehicular device wherein no
more structure of the vehicular device is claimed than is
necessary to mount the propulsion device. Any additional
significantly claimed vehicle structure will require
classification in the proper vehicle class.
(A) In the following instances, the structure of the vehicle
was considered not to be significantly claimed: (a) The
vehicle is included in the combination by name only (e.g.,
the vehicle is not modified, other than that required to
accommodate the reaction motor, or identified as to any
designation of the general class to which the vehicle
belongs. (b) The location of the reaction motor or any part
thereof, on the vehicle is defined merely by stating a
relationship between the vehicle, as a unit, and the reaction
motor (e.g., the motor is located at the front, rear, right,
left, top, bottom, within or outside the vehicle, bow, stern,
at the water line, center of gravity, or center line.
(B) In the following instances, the structure of the vehicle
was considered to be significantly claimed: (a) The location
of the reaction motor or motors or any part or parts thereof
on the vehicle is defined by stating a plurality of
relationships, anyone of which alone would be considered
insignificant (e.g., one reaction motor on each side, or a
reaction motor mounted within the vehicle rearwardly of the
center of gravity). (b) The location of the reaction motor or
any part thereof, on the vehicle is defined by stating a
relationship between a specific part of the vehicle and the
motor (e.g., motor located on the wing, keel or rudder of a
ship). (c) The structure of the vehicle is modified to an
extent greater than that required to position or support the
reaction motor or its parts (e.g., claiming the shape of the
hull of a ship). (d) The vehicle is provided with means for
guiding, deflecting, or reacting with the propulsion fluid
subsequent to its discharge from the nozzle of the reaction
motor (e.g., the motor is located in an open channel or
adjacent a rudder of a ship).
(6) Note. A component part of an apparatus under this
definition necessary for its operation often is a motor,
which, for example, may drive a compressor furnishing air to
a combustion products generator which supplies motive fluid
to a means (nozzle) for ejecting the fluid. Such motor may
have a shaft output for an external load and the load on the
shaft, e.g., a propeller, may even be nominally claimed and
the apparatus will still be classified under this definition.
However, if an apparatus under this definition has combined
therewith an added motor used only for an external load, the
whole apparatus is considered a combined reaction motor and
other type motor for classification in subclasses 200.1+.
(7) Note. Under this definition the motive fluid generating
means, as claimed, may itself be a motor having a
transmission means and a nominal load.
(8) Note. Dual Use Disclosure Patents which claim an
apparatus having means to pressurize a fluent and a means
through which the pressurized fluent may be ejected and which
disclose a dual use for said apparatus, one of the uses being
to produce a thrust, (e.g., pump a fluid and produce a
thrust) are classified as follows: If the apparatus, in
addition to the thrust producing use, is disclosed as used as
an electrical energy discharge device, classification is in
Class 60. Otherwise, patents are placed in Class 60 only if
the sole disclosed use of the apparatus claimed is to produce
a thrust or wherein combustion products are generated for use
as motive power. Classification of apparatus, for example,
which may be used to produce a thrust and also used as a pump
is in Classes 415, 416, 417, or 418, or if also used to
produce hot gas by a means which burns a fuel in Class 431,
or if also used to distribute a hot gas is in Class 239.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.01 for power plants employing combustion products as the
motive fluid and disclosed as being used with a reaction
nozzle means to produce a thrust but not specifically
claiming the nozzle means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, appropriate subclasses for
a solid or liquid fuel composition including petroleum fuels,
such as gasoline, admixed with other materials. The lines
between Class 44 and this class are: (1) A patent containing
a fuel composition claim and a claim to broadly creating
propulsion by burning the fuel is classified in Class 44 and
cross-referenced to this class. (2) A patent containing only
process claims even if they merely recite burning a definite
fuel to broadly produce thrust is classified in this class.
73, Measuring and Testing, 116 for motor and engine testing
and subclass 147 for wind tunnel; aerodynamic wing and
propeller study.
86, Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making, subclass 1 and
20 for apparatuses and processes for filling or loading a
casing with propellant.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, for devices disclosed as
explodable projectiles having an explosive or explosive
carrying compartment and having a propelling charge. See in
particular 347 for skyrockets having explosive charges to
give visual effects, flight control means, ground support
illuminating means, etc., subclasses 374+ for projectiles
having jet reaction propulsion means, subclasses 334 and 366+
for shells adapted to emit an incendiary or smoky substance
during flight, subclasses 200+ for fuses, primers and
igniting devices, subclass 458 for tracer shells and
subclasses 283+ for the shape or structure of powder grains,
sticks or bars of an explosive substance arranged for the
purpose of modifying the rate or manner of burning or
exploding.
105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 26 for jet propelled
rail vehicles.
110, Furnaces, for a combustion chamber structure of general
utility or a method of operating the same with means to burn
a solid fuel or solid fuel with auxiliary gas or liquid fuel
and with or without means to feed said fuel to the burner
means. These furnaces may also convert from a solid fuel
burner to a gas or liquid fuel burner.
114, Ships, 20 for self-propelled torpedoes, and subclasses
150+ for ships having steering means involving fluid pressure
and jet means.
137, Fluid Handling, for fluid distribution systems for
control of a motor means. Control of a reaction motor
disclosed as the type classified in Class 60 would be
classified in Class 60 if the reaction motor is claimed
specifically or broadly. To claim, for example, merely a
housing or chamber for a reaction motor would not preclude
classification from Class 137. However, patents claiming
specific motor structure and fuel control means for said
motor, structural means interconnecting a motor and fuel
control means, or a fuel control means broadly or
specifically responsive to a motor condition are classified
in Class 60. See 15.1 for jet engine intake means, per se,
having means to handle fluid therein.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, for tubular members of
definite or indefinite length and especially 40 for pipes
having variable or nonvariable means (e.g., reaction motor
diffusers) to restrict the flow of fluid therethrough,
subclasses 89+ for a pipe with a closure and subclasses 111+
for plural ducting in a single pipe.
149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges,
appropriate subclasses for propellant compositions containing
a fuel and an oxidizer. The lines between Class 149 and this
class are: (1) A patent containing a propellant composition
claim and a claim broadly creating propulsion by burning the
propellant is classified in Class 149 and cross-referenced to
this class. (2) A patent containing only process claims even
if they merely recite burning a definite propellant to
broadly produce thrust are classified in this class.
165, Heat Exchange, 51 for heat exchangers associated with
an engine.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 11 and in particular
subclass 14 for devices for boring earth in situ employing a
combustion product generator and a nozzle means to accelerate
said products. Also see Note V of the class definition of
Class 175 particularly as it refers to Class 125, Stone
Working.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 7 for a motor vehicle having a
special device (e.g., a reaction motor for propelling it; and
subclasses 116+ for a motor vehicle having means for
maintaining a working fluid mass between a surface of the
vehicle and a reaction supporting surface.
220, Receptacles, 581 for a high-pressure-gas tank, subclass
13 for receptacles having water jackets and subclasses 265+
for containers having frangible type closures.
222, Dispensing, 251 for means to dispense material with
discharge assistant means (e.g., impeller, pump, etc.)
227, Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus, for means to cause
engagement between an elongated member and another member.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, appropriate
subclass for a terminal flow modifying means, e.g., nozzle
for a fluid, especially 127.1 and 265.11+ for a reaction
motor discharge nozzle, per se, or such nozzle claimed in
combination with a mere combustion chamber or other means
imparting energy to a fluid in the absence of specific
details of the energy imparting means or a specific
relationship between the means and the terminal means.
Devices claiming specific means by which combustion products
are produced in a combustion chamber to be used solely in a
motor or thrust device (e.g., fuel injector, solid fuel and,
etc.), or specific means by which a pressure is maintained on
a stored fluid (e.g., contractible chamber) together with a
nozzle for the production of a thrust are, however,
classified in Class 60. Condition responsive means
controlling flow through a nozzle is classified in Class 239
regardless of the parameter sensed.
244, Aeronautics, for machines adapted to be sustained by air
or propelled through air, and devices such as air foils which
react with the atmosphere for controlling or sustaining
flight. See in particular subclass 1 for space craft,
subclasses 3.1+ for an aerial missile (including a
projectile) with means to stabilize or affect the trajectory
or course of the missile, subclasses 7, 12.1+, 14, 15, and 23
for aircraft using jet reaction devices principally to assist
in vertical lift, subclass 52 for aircraft having jet
reaction devices for steering and propulsion, subclasses 73
and 74 for aircraft having jet reaction propulsion means,
subclass 78 for aircraft controlled by jet reaction devices,
and subclass 113 for aircraft provided with jet reaction
means to retard motion.
248, Supports, 637 for machinery supports.
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, appropriate
subclasses, for the oxidizer and fuel mixing subcombinations
of reaction motors.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclass 14 for processes involving the use of a fluid
unconfined jet stream to comminute hard material (e.g., rock)
in situ.
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, 80 for a motor
runner having a reaction type jet discharge for causing
rotation about an axis.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), for vehicular
propulsion devices having significantly claimed propeller
structure and broadly recited reaction nozzle means distinct
from the propeller for the production of a reaction thrust.
On the other hand, the combination of a nominally claimed
propeller and a reaction motor is classifiable under this
definition. When the propeller and a reaction motor are
significantly claimed and the reaction motor produces a
thrust which does not drive the propeller, the device is
considered a combined type power plant for Class 60, 6
However, where the propeller and jet reaction device form a
unitary structure or are otherwise structurally related so
that substantially all of the output of the reaction device
directly or indirectly rotates the propeller, classification
is in Class 416, see in particular subclasses 20+.
417, Pumps, for pump details, and particularly 73 for pumps
of the type in which fluid is pumped by the combustion of a
motivating fluid in contact with the pumped fluid, and
subclasses 321+ for motor driven pumps, including those in
which the pump output is disclosed but not claimed as being
delivered to the drive motor (e.g., supercharger) and those
wherein the compressor output is claimed as being delivered
to the motor and is tapped for use externally of the
motor-pump combination, and also pumps having an output which
is disclosed as being discharged for a purpose other than
that of producing thrust.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, for rotary expansible
chamber devices, per se.
431, Combustion, for combustion products generators not
disclosed for any particular use or disclosed for use other
than for external power purposes. A claimed means controlling
a Combustion products generator which is responsive to a
combustion products actuated motor condition such as speed,
thrust, acceleration, etc., is considered to be tantamount to
claiming the motor and causes classification in Class 60
rather than in Class 431. See also (8) Note under this
subclass concerning dual use disclosures.
440, Marine Propulsion, 38 for a boat or ship propelled or
steered by a reaction motor.
Subclass:
201
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus or
process arranged so as to turn about an axis or having any
kind of cyclic movement while producing a coaxial thrust
component when in operation.
(1) Note. The motors included in this subclass are usually
intended to turn or spin continuously about an axis at
constant or variable rates in the nature of that necessary to
obtain stabilization in flight or for other reasons. Motors
having thrust direction modification means which momentarily
causes the motor to rotate or turn about an axis, but which
is not intended to impart continuous rotation is found below,
for example, in subclasses 228+.
(2) Note: Motors in this subclass may be provided with
motive fluid ejecting means to produce rotation thereof.
However, motors having means such as an air foil which causes
the motor to rotate solely as a result of reaction with
ambient air are classified elsewhere, as for example in Class
244, Aeronautics, subclass 3.23. See also Class 102,
subclass 350 for pyrotechnic rockets having means to cause
rotation of the rocket by gas discharge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.01 especially subclass 39.34 for a power plant in which
the motor rotates about an axis without producing an axial
thrust.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, 80 for a motor
runner having a reaction type jet discharge for causing
rotation about an axis.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), 20 for an
impeller driven by a fluid reaction jet on the working
member.
Subclass:
202
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus or
process in which charged particles are ejected by application
of an electrical force, e.g., an electromagnetic force.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 121.36 for means for heating a
workpiece by directing to said workpiece ionized particles
which had been created by an electrical arc drawn between two
electrodes.
250, Radiant Energy, 281 for mass spectroscopy methods and
apparatus which ionize the particles through an electrostatic
or magnetic field for separation of certain of the particles,
subclass 396 for electron or ion beam deflection of focussing
methods or apparatus and subclasses 423+ for ion generation
methods and apparatus.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 11,
for dynamo-electric machinery employing a plasma to exert a
mechanical force.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 62 for
electrical space discharge devices provided with magnetic
means for confining the path of the particles discharged and
accelerating said particles; subclasses 359.1+ for discharge
devices provided with means for generating and accelerating
positive ions; subclasses 153+ particularly subclass 161, for
space discharge devices having a magnetic field designed to
influence a space discharge; subclasses 231.01+ for discharge
devices having fluent material supply or flow directing
means.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 111.01
for a discharge device having means to supply a fluent
material to a discharge area between discharge electrodes.
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 48 for
plasma generating means.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 300 for means by
which a substance may be ionized and the ionized particles
moved through a magnetic field for observation so that the
substance may be identified.
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, 100 for processes and devices that utilize a
gaseous or light element fuel material, the particles of
which are electrically charged or excited to the point where
they become highly ionized and the forces of repulsion of
like nuclei are overcome to the end that thermonuclear fusion
of such like nuclei is obtained or sought to be obtained.
417, Pumps, 48 for electrical (e.g., ionic) or getter type
pumps.
Subclass:
203.1
Electric, nuclear, or radiated energy fluid heating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus or
process in which the motive fluid is heated directly or
indirectly, through a heat transfer medium, by electrical
energy, by radioactive decay, or by radiated energy (e.g.,
solar radiated energy, radio wave energy, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 628 and 772 for transferring heat to
a fluent material by an inductively and capacitive dielectric
heated member.
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, 317 for propulsion systems or processes powered
directly or indirectly by induced nuclear reactions.
Subclass:
204
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Processes.
(1) Note. Subject matter under this definition includes
methods for maintaining reaction motors in operative
condition.
(2) Note. Methods of making reaction motors are
classifiable in appropriate process classes. A patent having
a claim to a reaction motor as an apparatus and also a claim
to a method of making said motor is classifiable as an
original in the appropriate subclass for the apparatus and
cross-referenced to the appropriate process class.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, 15 for a
petroleum fuel, such as gasoline, subclasses 22+ for an
asphalt tar, pitch or resin mineral oil composition and
subclass 39 for making, treating and recovery of asphalt,
tar, pitch or resin.
502, Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product
or Process of Making, appropriate subclass for a catalyst
composition or a process of making or regenerating such
composition.
(1) Note. Terms or phases used in titles or definitions
are set forth at the end of this subclass with the meaning
each is to have in this group of subclasses (205+).
Subclass:
205
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Processes
directed to producing thrust in a reaction motor by ejecting
the products of chemical reaction of propellant material.
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses take (1) processes
involving injecting propellant material into the reaction
zone in one or more streams, reacting the material and
expelling the reaction products to produce thrust; (2)
processes involving reacting propellant material in the
reaction chamber and expelling the reaction products to
produce thrust.
(2) Note. The lines between this and indented subclasses
and Class 44, Fuel and Related Compositions, Class 149,
Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, Class 208,
Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, Class 260, Chemistry of
Carbon Compounds, and Class 423, Chemistry of Inorganic
Compounds and Class 585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds,
are as follows: (1) patent containing a propellant material
claim and a claim to broadly creating propulsion by merely
broadly reacting the propellant material are classified in
the appropriate material class and cross-referenced to this
and indented subclasses. (2) A patent containing only process
claims which merely recite reacting a definite propellant
material to broadly produce thrust are classified in this and
indented subclasses.
(3) Note. The processes of this and indented subclass
include operating the reaction motor in such media as water,
air and vacuum.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, appropriate subclasses for
a solid or liquid fuel composition. The lines between Class
44 and this class are: (1) A patent, containing a fuel
composition claim and a claim to broadly creating propulsion
by burning the fuel is classified in Class 44 and
cross-referenced to this class. (2) A patent containing only
process claims even if they merely recite burning a definite
fuel to broadly produce thrust are classified in this class.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 530 for sky-rockets,
subclasses 374+ for a projectile having a charge which
discharges to propel the projectile after leaving the gun,
subclasses 334 and 366+ for shells adapted to emit an
incendiary or smoky substance during flight, subclass 458 for
tracer shells and subclasses 283+ for inventions in the shape
or structure of powder grains, sticks or bars of an explosive
substance usually arranged for the purpose of modifying the
rate or manner of burning or exploding.
114, Ships, 20.1 for fish or automobile torpedoes, the power
or propulsion being self-contained.
149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges,
appropriate subclasses for propellant compositions containing
a fuel and an oxidizer. The lines between Class 149 and this
class are: in particular, see subclass 109.2 for a
collection of gas generation and propulsion methods using
compositions not provided for elsewhere in the class,
subclass 109.4 for a collection of monopropellant compounds,
subclass 119 for a collection of oxidizer compounds and
subclasses 120+ for a collection of high energy fuel
compounds. (1) A patent containing a propellant composition
claim and a claim to broadly creating propulsion by burning
the propellant is classified in Class 149 and
cross-referenced to this class. (2) A patent containing only
process claims even if they merely recite burning a definite
propellant to broadly produce thrust are classified in this
class.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, 15 for a
petroleum fuel, such as gasoline, subclasses 22+ for an
asphalt tar, pitch or resin mineral oil composition and
subclass 39 for making, treating and recovery of asphalt,
tar, pitch or resin.
252, Compositions, 186 for oxidizing compositions.
440, Marine Propulsion, subclass 45 for devices causing
explosive jets of the nature of those used in air and gas
engines used for propelling a vessel.
502, Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product
or Process of Making, appropriate subclass for a catalyst
composition or a process of making or regenerating it.
585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, for certain fuel
compositions containing only hydro-carbons and processes for
making them.
BIPROPELLANT
A reaction motor propellant consisting of two separate
substances (usually liquid) fed into the reaction zone
separately. One of the substances is a fuel (e.g.,
hydrazine); while the other is an oxidizer (e.g., fluorine).
CHEMICAL REACTION
The transformation of the molecules of one or more substances
into other kinds of molecules.
FUEL
A single substance or a mixture of substances which react
with another substance (called the oxidizer) to form at least
one new substance in which at least a portion of the fuel
forms at least a portion of the more positive (electron
donor) portion of the new substance. e.g.
H[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] + Cl[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] !
2HCl
Hydrogen is considered the fuel.
CH[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt] 2O[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] !
CO[subscrpt]2 [end subscrpt] + 2H[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]O
Methane is the fuel and oxygen in the
oxidizer.
BE + F[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] ! BeF2
Beryllium is the fuel and fluorine in the oxidizer.
HYPERGOLE
A substance (fuel or oxidizer) which ignites spontaneously on
contact with the other member of a hypergolic mixture. For
example: aniline is hypergolic with nitric acid.
INJECTING
Forcing into the reaction zone one or more streams of
material which enter into the action which produces thrust.
Extruding a solid or semi-solid into the reaction zone,
spraying a stream of finely divided particles into the
reaction zone and jetting a liquid or gas into the reaction
zone are illustrative but nonlimiting examples of the scope
of the term.
METAL
The term includes a free metallic element (e.g., lithium), an
alloy of two or more metals (e.g., 25% Na 75% K), and
intermetallic compound (e.g., A1Ni) or a mere mixture of
particles of two or more metals.
MONOPROPELLANT
A material which contains within itself all of the components
which enter into the chemical change which occurs in
producing thrust in a chemical reaction motor. A
monopropellant may be a pure compound, such as hydrazine, or
a mixture of two or more substances which react under the
conditions of the reaction chamber.
MOTIVE FLUID
Used in this definition this term means a stream of moving
particles, either gaseous or liquid, as it exists in the area
in the motor where it is accelerated, pressurized or
otherwise caused to become unstable up to and including the
point where it exits the end of the ejecting means, e.g.,
nozzle, through which it is ejected into the ambient to cause
thrust.
OXIDIZER
A substance (element or compound) which reacts with another
substance to produce at least one new substance in which at
least a portion of the oxidizer furnishes at least part of
the more negative (electron acceptor) portion of the new
substances. e.g.
BH[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt] + NH[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt] !
BN + 3H[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]
ammonia is considered the oxidizer
2LiH + F[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] ! 2LiF + 2HF
fluorine is considered the oxidizer
CH[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt] + 2O[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]
! CO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] + 2H[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt]O
oxygen is the oxidizer
PROPELLANT
The generic term for any or all of the components of the
supply of materials which may be converted (by expansion,
combustion or other means) into motive fluid.
REACTION ZONE
The space in which the propellant material undergoes chemical
change to produce new substances and heat which heat raises
the temperature of the new substances. The ejection of these
heated substances from the reaction motor produces thrust or
propulsive force.
Subclass:
206
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Process
directed to utilizing indirect heat exchange within the
system.
(1) Note. To come within the purview of this subclass the
patent must specifically claim transferring heat within the
system from one fluid to another through a solid material,
such as using the incoming fuel to cool the discharge nozzle.
The latter is being heated by the products of chemical
reaction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, 71 for a composition designed for use in
heat exchange.
Subclass:
207
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Process
directed to utilizing a plurality of chemical reaction zones
in the system.
(1) Note. Such diverse processes as utilizing a main
reaction zone and an afterburner zone and utilizing a
plurality of reaction zone in parallel within the same system
are within the purview of this subclass.
(2) Note. A process for hydrogenating the fuel and then
oxidizing the is within the purview of this subclass.
Subclass:
208
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Process
directed to injecting atmospheric air into the reaction zone
of the reaction motor.
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses are limited to
operating air breathing reaction motors.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
211 for a process in which liquid oxygen or liquid ozone is
injected into the reaction zone as an oxidizer component and
subclass 220 for a process in which a modifying fluid is
injected into a reaction zone containing solid propellant
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, 300 for a liquid fuel
mixture which may be used in air breathing reaction motors.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, 15 for liquid
hydrocarbon mixtures such as: gasoline or kerosene.
Subclass:
209
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Process
directed to using an additive material other than air and
fuel.
(1) Note. To be classed as an additive the material must be
used in a minor amount with respect to the fuel or the air.
(2) Note. Such substances as: (1) a catalyst, (2) a
substance hypergolic with air or the fuel, (3) a substance
which forms with the fuel and air a multicomponent hypergolic
mixture are within the scope of this and indented
subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
212 for utilizing an igniter aid with separately injected
fuel stream and oxidizer stream.
Subclass:
210
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Process
directed to injecting the additive material into the reaction
zone as a separate stream.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 for a process of injecting an igniter aid into the
reaction zone in a separate stream.
Subclass:
211
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Process
directed to injecting into the reaction zone separate streams
of fuel and oxidizer.
(1) Note. The injection of separate streams of at least two
different substances which react to produce products which
are useful to generate thrust is considered injecting
separate streams of fuel and oxidizer. The two substances
may ignite on contact (hypergolic reaction) or they may be
caused to react by various means, such as; a catalyst, an
electrical discharge, heat, a substance which is hypergolic
with either reactant or the reactant mixture.
(2) Note. For purposes of this and indented subclasses red
fuming nitric acid, white fuming nitric acid, fuming sulfuric
acid and aqueous hydrogen peroxide are arbitrarily considered
pure substances.
(3) Note. For purpose of this and indented subclasses a
solution of an amine base in an oxidizing acid is considered
a pure substance regardless of the ratio of amine to acid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges,
especially subclass 1 for a propellant composition including
a normally gaseous material which is in the liquid state,
subclass 36, for a propellant composition containing
hydrazine and subclass 74, for a propellant composition
containing oxides of nitrogen or nitric acid.
Subclass:
212
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Process
directed to utilizing an extraneous material to aid the
ignition of the fuel and oxidizer mixture in the reaction
zone.
(1) Note. The igniter aid includes (1) a coating in the
reaction zone which catalyzes the reaction between the fuel
and oxidizer, (2) a hypergole added to the oxidizer or the
fuel for starting or (3) a material separately injected into
the reaction zone.
(2) Note. A patent which claims a material as a pure fuel
and as a part of a fuel mixture even if it improves the
ignition characteristics of the main fuel is classified in
subclass 211 and cross-referenced to subclass 215.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
209 for a process of utilizing an additive material in an
air breathing reaction motor.
Subclass:
213
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Process
directed to injecting the igniter aid into the reaction zone
as a separate stream.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
210 for a process of injecting a separate stream of an
additive into the reaction zone of an air breathing reaction
motor.
Subclass:
214
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Process
directed to injecting into the reaction zone a plurality of
oxidizing substances in the form of a mixture.
(1) Note. See Notes under subclass 211 for oxidizers which
are arbitrarily classified as a pure compound instead of a
mixture.
Subclass:
215
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Process
directed to utilizing a fuel which is composed of a plurality
of materials.
(1) Note. Gasoline, kerosene and the like are mixtures of
numerous hydrocarbons and are considered fuel mixtures for
this and indented subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, 300 for liquid fuels
composed of a plurality of materials.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, 15 for mineral
oil fuels.
Subclass:
216
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Process in
which the fuel contains a free metal.
(1) Note. The term "metal" includes free metal (e.g.,
calcium), an alloy of two or more metals (e.g., 90% Al,10%
Mg), an intermetallic compound (e.g., AlNi) or a mixture of
particles of two or more metals (e.g., mixture of Mg shot, Fe
powder and Al turnings).
(2) Note. Processes within the scope of subclasses 205+,
utilizing fuel slurries which are classified elsewhere should
be cross-referenced to this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, subclass
22 for an explosive composition containing elemental boron,
subclasses 37+ for an explosive composition containing a
metal and an inorganic oxide, and subclass 87 for an
explosive in which the fuel component contains free metal and
a hydrocarbon or halohydrocarbon.
Subclass:
217
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Process
directed to injecting into the reaction zone a stream
composed of the fuel and the oxidizer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 for a process in which a mixture of fuel and air is
injected into the reaction zone.
219 for a process in which solid propellant material is
contained in the reaction zone.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges,
appropriate subclasses for a specific propellant
composition.
Subclass:
218
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Process
directed to decomposing a single compound in the reaction
zone.
(1) Note. To come within the scope of this subclass a
single compound must be broken down or rearranged to produce
products which will have additional reaction effect. For
example, decomposing hydrogen peroxide to produce steam and
oxygen gas. For patents claiming the apparatus for producing
a motive fluid which is principally steam see subclass 227.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate
subclasses, for inorganic compounds, per se. Note especially
289 for binary boron compounds, 407+ for hydrazkine and 584+
for hydrogen peroxide.
568, Organic Compounds, 943 for a nitroalkyl compound.
Subclass:
219
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Process
directed to reacting solid material in the reaction zone.
(1) Note. Producing thrust (1) by burning a cast
monopropellant in the reaction zone, (2) by jetting a fuel
onto solid oxidizer in the reaction zone, (3) regulating
reaction rate of the solid propellant material in the
reaction zone by injecting a fluid to change the pressure in
the reaction zone are nonlimiting examples of processes
within the scope of this and indented subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
217 for a process in which a solid propellant material is
extruded into the reaction zone.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, appropriate subclasses for
specific fuel compositions, especially 265 for a solidified
liquid fuel.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 283 for powder forms of
specific size or shape.
149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, 3 for an
explosive or thermic composition having a specific structure
or arrangement of a component or the product.
Subclass:
220
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Process
directed to injecting a modifying fluid into the reaction
zone.
(3) Note. Injecting a modifying fluid into the reaction
zone (1) to change the fluid pressure therein to control the
reaction rate of the solid propellant material and (2) to
react with the solid propellant therein are nonlimiting
examples of the scope of this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 for a process in which air is injected into the reaction
zone and subclasses 211+, for a process in which solid
material and a fluid are injected into the reaction zone in
separate streams.
Subclass:
221
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus
wherein the motive fluid, as it leaves the ejecting means,
substantially consists of a liquid.
(1) Note. The fluid leaving the ejecting means is
considered to come under this definition if a substantial and
important thrust component thereof is a liquid. A fluid not
coming under the definition, for example, would be a gas
containing a liquid mist. For such a fluid see subclass 264
for motive fluid treated with liquid, and subclass 227 for
motive fluid which is principally steam.
(2) Note. The devices classified under this definition are
usually boat propulsion devices in which the motive fluid
leaving its ejecting means is disclosed as acting against an
ambient liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
114, Ships, subclass 315 for reaction motor devices adapted
to operate under water having means adapted to be secured to
a human for the propulsion thereof through the water.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, for a device
having an impeller for moving a fluid and an outlet through
which the fluid may be discharged wherein the function of the
discharged fluid relates to sprinkling, spraying, etc.
417, Pumps, for devices not otherwise classified operable to
move a liquid, however, devices claiming liquid pumping means
having a disclosed use as a reaction motor is classified in
Class 60.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, for rotary expansible
chamber devices, per se. However, devices claiming liquid
pumping means having a disclosed use as a reaction motor is
classified in Class 60.
440, Marine Propulsion, subclass 38 for reaction motors
which propel or propel and steer a ship, and see in
particular the note (5) in the definition of subclass 200.
Subclass:
222
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
having more than one means through which motive fluid from a
common source may be ejected.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
229 for motors having a plurality of selectively usable
motive fluid outlets for discharging a fluid for the purpose
of modifying the thrust direction.
263 for motors having plural outlets for discharging fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 265.25 for
reaction motor nozzles, per se, comprising plural controlled
fluid discharge outlets.
Subclass:
223
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus
having means sensing an abnormal condition which might
destroy the apparatus and functioning to take corrective
action against the destructive condition.
(1) Note. This definition does not include a device which
senses a normal variation in conditions to effect a control
function, even though such device might be capable of sensing
a suddenly presented abnormal condition. For example, a fuel
control device responsive to motive fluid temperature to
maintain a predetermined power output would not be
classifiable under this definition but would be classified in
subclasses 233+. However, a fuel control device designed to
function only when the motive fluid temperature reaches a
temperature above which it would be destructive to the
apparatus would be classifiable under this definition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, subclasses 89.1-89.4 for containers
having frangible or fusible pressure responsive blow out
devices.
Subclass:
224
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. A plurality
of apparatuses, each, interrelated (1) by a single means to
which two or more responds, or (2) by a means or condition in
one of the apparatuses upon which another apparatus is
dependent for its operation.
(1) Note. A plurality of apparatuses under this definition
must each include an individual means for placing its motive
fluid under pressure and an individual means for ejecting
said fluid. However, a device, e.g., a fan jet, having a
unitary device employed to pressurize fluid for two or more
ejecting means comes within this definition provided the
fluids for each said ejecting means are distinguishable and
not intermixed as they are being pressurized or before
entering said ejecting means.
(2) Note. Concentric nozzles are not considered plural
individual means for ejecting fluid if fluid from one nozzle
is discharged within the confines and upstream of the
discharging extremity of another of the nozzles.
(3) Note. This definition includes one reaction motor which
is controlled in response to the output of another reaction
motor.
(4) Note. This definition includes devices in which a
component of one reaction motor is effective to operate a
component (e.g., compressor) of another reaction motor.
(5) Note. A reaction motor having means by which ambient
air is conducted to cool a motor part (e.g., air conducted to
cool a combustion chamber, and thereafter discharged to the
ambient through a nozzle, and wherein there is no disclosed
indication that the coolant air may produce a thrust) is not
subject matter for this subclass. Such devices may be found
below particularly in subclass 266.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
229 for reaction motors wherein motive fluid from a common
source may be ejected selectively through one or more of
several ejecting means.
244 for devices having a single exhaust nozzle for
sequentially ejecting motive fluid produced by diverse motive
fluid producing means.
262 for a device having plural means each forming a
compressed gas stream, e.g., a fan-jet, wherein at least two
of the streams are combined before being discharged through a
common ejecting means.
263 for devices in which the fluid from a single motive
fluid pressurizing means is separated into several paths of
fluid, wherein two or more of said paths are each ejected
through separate ejecting means.
Subclass:
225
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Apparatus
wherein one of the apparatuses is started after another one
of the apparatuses.
(1) Note. This definition includes devices wherein one
apparatus is a ram jet which is considered inoperable (i.e.,
incapable of producing thrust) when static, and therefore may
be started only after having been given motion by another
motor. These devices may be arranged serially (e.g., rocket
and ram jet) having distinctive motive fluid ejecting means
for each. The motive fluid ejecting means may be in the form
of concentric nozzles arranged so that one may be detached
from the other when one motive fluid producing means, e.g.,
for the rocket, is terminated to provide a new nozzle
configuration for the ejection of the motive fluid from the
next motive fluid producing means to be activated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
246 for reaction motors having diverse means arranged to
sequentially produce a motive fluid to be discharged through
a single nozzle.
Subclass:
226.1
Air and diverse fluid discharge from separate discharge
outlets (e.g., fan jet, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Apparatus
wherein at least one of the motive fluids is air.
Subclass:
226.2
Having thrust reverser:
This subclass is indented under subclass 226.1. Apparatus in
which the air discharge outlet is supplied pressurized
airflow from an fan, and in which a device or mechanism is
provided for at least partially reversing the flow direction
of the fan airflow to thereby reduce or reverse the thrust of
the apparatus.
Subclass:
226.3
Having means to effect a variable bypass ratio:
This subclass is indented under subclass 226.1. Apparatus in
which the air discharge outlet is supplied pressurized
airflow from a fan, and wherein a device or mechanism is
provided to change the relative flow ratio between the air
discharge outlet and the diverse fluid discharge outlet.
Subclass:
227
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus
including means for producing a motive fluid which
substantially consists of steam to be ejected from the
apparatus.
(1) Note. This subclass includes steam generators of the
type having catalytically decomposed hydrogen peroxide
(H[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]O[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]) and a
nozzle wherein the resulting products discharged through the
nozzle being predominantly steam (i.e., H[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt]O+O). For patents claiming the process of
decomposing a compound in the reaction zone see subclass
218.
Subclass:
228
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus
having means which may so direct all or a portion of the
motive fluid that the direction of thrust produced by the
motor is altered.
(1) Note. Subject matter under this definition includes
plural reaction motors having means for controlling them so
as to cause a change in the direction of their resultant
thrust.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 265.19 for
reaction motor discharge nozzles with means to control the
direction of the discharge stream.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 12.1, 23 and 29 for aircraft
sustained by the thrust of a reaction motor and subclasses
15, 52 and 73+ for aircraft propelled or steered by reaction
motors.
Subclass:
229
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus
having means whereby motive fluid from a common source may be
selectively exhausted through one or more of several ejecting
means so that a variation in the direction of the resultant
thrust component may be effected.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
222 for motors in which the motive fluid is principally
liquid and which have a plurality of ejecting means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 265.25 for
reaction motor nozzle means in which the discharge stream is
directed by means of plural controlled outlets.
Subclass:
230
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus
having a means which causes the motive fluid to change
direction of flow relative to the ejecting means thereby to
cause a change in direction in the resultant thrust of the
motor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 37 for means within a pipe
for changing the direction of flow of the fluid and subclass
109 for pipe shaped at the end portion to control the
direction of flow of fluid before it is discharged.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 52 for aircraft spoilers in
combination with jet motor discharge fluid.
Subclass:
231
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Apparatus
having means whereby a fluid is injected into the motive
fluid stream to change the direction of flow of said motive
fluid.
(1) Note. Normally devices under this subclass have a
secondary fluid injected into the motive fluid at a point
upstream of the nozzle outlet. However, the subclass may also
include patents disclosing means to inject secondary fluid
into the motive fluid downstream of the nozzle outlet if the
disclosure states that the deflected motive fluid is
effective to alter the direction of thrust.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 803 for means to divert or vary the
flow of one stream relative to a steam receiver (1) direct
contact with at least one other stream or (2) by application
of an energy field directly to a stream. Devices known in the
art as "fluid amplifiers" and which act to control or vary
high energy flows by relatively low energy flow or fields are
here included.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass
265.23 for reaction motor discharge nozzles in which the
main discharge stream is deflected by a redirected portion of
said stream, and subclass 127.3 for mixing a secondary fluid
in the main stream.
Subclass:
232
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus
having means whereby the motive fluid ejecting means, per se,
may be moved to modify the direction of the entire discharge
stream which passes through the ejecting means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass
265.35 for a reaction motor nozzle in which the discharge
stream is directed by adjustably aiming the nozzle.
Subclass:
233
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus in
which the thrust of the apparatus during operation may be
varied by means which senses a change in (1) the static
condition of the ambient or in the relationship between the
apparatus and an ambient condition, or (2) a condition of an
apparatus part, motive fluid or propellant of the apparatus
being controlled, or (3) a condition of a motor other than a
reaction motor the output of which is itself controlled
responsive to a sensed change in the condition of the ambient
or an internal condition.
(1) Note. Apparatus providing means which does no more than
to permit the flow of fuel to a combustion chamber for
starting after a certain condition has been attained, such as
a certain fuel pressure or motive fluid temperature or
pressure has been established, so that the motor thereafter
may be fully operational, is not classified in this or
indented subclasses. Such apparatus is classified below.
This and indented subclasses include starting devices,
however, if they further control the flow of fuel in
accordance with the definition.
(2) Note. Means (i.e., for controlling fuel flow, nozzle
area, etc.) controlled positively in response to a manually
actuated device through a mechanical fluid linkage are not
included under this definition. For example, a nozzle
control responsive to fuel pressure which is controlled by
manual means only is not considered to be condition
responsive. Devices with such controls are classified on
other features. See subclass 261.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.24 for plants having combustion products generators
having automatic means controlling the fuel or oxidizer flow
thereto.
224 for interrelated reaction motors wherein the control of
one reaction motor may be responsive to the condition of
another reaction motor.
244 for a reaction motor having diverse means for the
production of combustion products wherein one is activated
only as a result of a sensed condition of another or of a
sensed ambient condition where the diverse combustion
products producing means are not employed specifically to
obtain a variation in thrust.
245 for reaction motors having diverse means for the
production of combustion products wherein one means is
activated as a result of the depletion of the fuel supplied
to another means.
250 for reaction motors having discrete fuel supplies one of
which is activated upon the depletion of another.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
431, Combustion, 18 for the control of a residual combustion
device responsive to burner or ambient parameters. However,
if fuel or oxidizer, as claimed, is controlled responsive to
a condition of a disclosed but not claimed motive fluid
ejecting means classification is in Class 60, Power Plants,
on the basis that the structure claimed is incomplete and an
ejecting means is required to complete it.
Subclass:
234
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus
having a solid propellant and means to initiate or terminate
the consumption thereof responsive to the condition sensing
means.
Subclass:
235
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus in
which the condition sensing means controls both the rate of
fuel flow to combustion chamber means in the apparatus and
the cross sectional area of a motive fluid ejecting means.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are apparatuses having
a fuel control means and a nozzle area control means each
responsive to different sensed conditions, or both responsive
to the same sensed condition.
Subclass:
236
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus
having more than one unit each of which consists of a rotary
compressor means for pressurizing the motive fluid, turbine
means actuated by the motive fluid and shaft means by which
the turbine means may drive the compressor means, wherein the
shaft means for at least two of the units are concentrically
arranged.
Subclass:
237
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus
having means to sense the area of the motive fluid ejecting
means, and in response thereto, control the fuel or oxidizer
flow rate for the motor.
Subclass:
238
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus in
which either the fuel flow to combustion chamber means in the
apparatus, or the area of the motive fluid ejecting means, or
both of these together, are varied in response to a sensed
change in the motive fluid temperature.
(1) Note. See glossary under subclass 205 for the
definition of "fuel".
Subclass:
239
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus in
which the apparatus includes a combustion chamber, a turbine
and a compressor driven thereby and either the fuel flow to
the combustion chamber, or the area of the motive fluid
ejecting means, or both of these together, are varied as a
result of a sensed change in the compressor or turbine
speed.
(1) Note. See glossary under subclass 205 for the meaning
of "fuel".
Subclass:
240
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus in
which the condition sensing means characteristic of the
apparatus including means, responsive to a sensed condition
change, to control both the flow of a fuel and a combustion
supporting oxidizer (e.g., air).
(1) Note. Means to alter the flow of oxidizer include,
e.g., air inlet control as by a diffuser having a variable
opening, variable flow retarding baffles, air bleed means,
liquid oxidizer valve means or pump control means, or
compressor vane setting control means. Means which controls
fuel flow or an exhaust nozzle opening, resulting in a change
in compressor speed and thus a change in oxidizer flow is not
included in this definition. For condition responsive fuel
flow and exhaust nozzle area control see subclasses 235+, 241
and 243.
(2) Note. See glossary under subclass 205 for meaning of
fuel and oxidizer.
Subclass:
241
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus
having more than one fuel burning means arranged in the
motive fluid stream so that one of the fuel burning means
reheats the motive fluid stream issuing from another of the
means and the fuel flow to a plurality of said burning means
is controlled in response to a sensed condition.
(1) Note. See glossary under subclass 205 for the meaning
of fuel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
243 for a disclosure of burners in series but wherein the
fuel flow to one of the burners only is controlled in
response to a sensed condition.
Subclass:
242
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus
having means to vary the thrust characteristic of the
apparatus during operation by varying the area of the opening
through which the motive fluid may be ejected in response to
a sensed condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
235 for motive fluid ejecting means with condition
responsive means to vary the area thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, appropriate
subclasses for fluid ejecting nozzles, per se, having means
controlling the nozzle area for control of volumetric flow
and pattern of flow.
Subclass:
243
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus in
which the condition sensing means acts to vary the thrust of
the apparatus by controlling the fuel flow.
Subclass:
244
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus
(A) which by relative rearrangement or adjustment of its
parts or by the addition or omission of a part is so changed
as to become (1) basic subject matter of this class as
defined in subclass 200.1 of a different character or having
a different mode of operation or (2) basic subject matter of
another class, or (B) in which the apparatus as defined in
subclass 200.1 is combined with means, which means if
claimed, per se, would be classified in another class and
which is not merely a part or subcombination of the
apparatus.
(1) Note. In this subclass, for example, are apparatus
having means by which motive fluid may be produced by two or
more diverse producing means and ejected through a single
ejecting means, and having means by which motive fluid from
any one of the diverse producing means may be ejected through
the ejecting means to the exclusion of the motive fluid
produced by another diverse motive fluid producing means.
(2) Note. A mere fuel or ignition control means by which
one motive fluid producing means may function to the
exclusion of another diverse fluid producing means is not
included in this definition. These apparatus may be found in
subclasses 224, 250, 261.
(3) Note. The following are examples of diverse motive
fluid producing means: ram air fed combustion products
generator (athodyd), mechanically compressed air fed
combustion products generator, resonating combustion chamber,
pulsating valve controlled combustion products generator;
mechanically compressed air, non-air breathing combustion
chamber, ion acceleration, electrical or wave energy heating
means, sublimation, etc.
(4) Note. Motors having plural means for the production of
a motion fluid for ejection through a single nozzle wherein
one means may not function to the exclusion of another of the
means are found elsewhere. See, in particular, subclass 262
for combustion products generators with ambient air bypass
means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
224 for devices considered to be interrelated motors which
may comprise a single casing housing diverse motive fluid
producing means but employing distinct exhaust nozzle
configurations for the motive fluid issuing from each motive
fluid producer.
261 for motors having an after burner (i.e., a nonpropellant
combustor) which may be diverse from a primary combustion
products generator, but wherein the primary combustion
products generator and afterburner are operated exclusively
only through fuel or ignition control of either.
Subclass:
245
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Apparatus
having means to initiate the production of motive fluid by
one means after the propellant supply usable by a diverse
motive fluid producing means has been reduced to a
predetermined level.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
250 for a motor having a plurality of sequentially
combustible fuels which does not change its principle of
operation as one or the other fuel is burned.
Subclass:
246
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus in
which the means placing the motive fluid under pressure
comprises a compressor driven by a turbine which is driven by
combustion products egressing from a non-air breathing
combustion chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
244, Aeronautics, subclass 4, for reaction motors having
human body attaching means.
Subclass:
247
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus in
which the means for producing the motive fluid comprises an
intermittently operating combustion chamber having means
permitting unidirectional flow of oxidizer or fuel to said
chamber.
(1) Note. Under this definition the fuel may be caused to
burn intermittently either by control of the fuel flow itself
or the ignition thereof, or by intermittently admitting into
the combustion chamber the air or other oxidizer which
supports combustion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 657 for
combustion chambers for internal combustion engines.
Subclass:
248
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Apparatus
having conduit means by which ambient air may flow exteriorly
of and from a point before to a point after the combustion
chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
224 for interrelated motors wherein air being supplied to
one motor may first flow around the combustion chamber for
another motor.
262 for motors having means to flow air exteriorly of and
from a point before to a point after its combustion chamber
forming means.
264 for motors having means to introduce air into the
exhaust gas stream.
266 for motors which may be cooled by an air stream.
Subclass:
249
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Apparatus in
which the unidirectional flow permitting means comprises a
passage means which prevents flow of combustion products
therethrough from said chamber in a reverse direction due to
its designed configuration and without a physical valve.
(1) Note. The unidirectional flow permitting means which
offers minimum resistance to flow of fuel or oxidizers into
the combustion chamber but substantially prevents reverse
flow therefrom is normally a fixed orifice type restriction
which presents a tortuous path to fluid attempting to leave
the combustion chamber. Motors having this type of
unidirectional flow permitting means are known in the art as
"Valveless pulse jets".
Subclass:
250
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus
having two or more separately contained propellants or two or
more solid propellant charges having the same or distinct
burning characteristics arranged so that one of said
propellants may be partially or completely consumed prior to
another during the operation of the reaction apparatus.
(1) Note. A solid propellant rocket having an igniter which
inherently produces some thrust during ignition, is not
included under this definition. See subclass 256 for devices
used to ignite solid propellant charges.
(2) Note. Under this definition a plurality of solid
propellant charges having the same burning characteristics
would include an arrangement of individually formed masses of
propellant either in physical contact with each other or
separated from one another.
(3) Note. See (1) Note subclass 205 for the meaning of
"propellant".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
225 for a plurality of reaction motors which are
interrelated and which may be operated sequentially.
245 for reaction motors changeable to operate by one
principle of operation from another.
Subclass:
251
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus in
which the motive fluid is produced by the combustion of a
solid propellant and a fluid propellant.
(1) Note. A gelatinous propellant is considered to be a
solid and to come within this definition.
Subclass:
252
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus
wherein the propellant from which the motive fluid is
produced is a gelatinous precipitate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, 265 for fuel which is
normally liquid but rendered solid or semi-solid for better
handling and transporting.
Subclass:
253
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus in
which the propellant from which the motive fluid is produced
is a solid.
Subclass:
254
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Apparatus
having means to control the consumption of the propellant.
(1) Note. This definition does not include rockets wherein
the fuels are packed in a particular manner or inserted with
combustion enhancing or inhibiting means to produce a
particular burning rate or characteristic. These apparatus
are found in subclass 253.
(2) Note. This definition does not include reaction motors
employing a plurality of charges which may be sequentially
ignited. These devices are found above in subclass 250.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
224 and in particular subclass 225 for interrelated reaction
motors one of which may employ a solid propellant.
234 for motors having condition responsive means to regulate
the consumption of a solid propellant.
244 for motors having a means to change its principle of
operation and which, at one time, may employ a solid
propellant.
250 for motors having plural propellants which burn
sequentially one or more of which may be a solid.
251 for motors having diverse reactants one of which is a
solid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 283 for shapes or mechanical
structures of grains, sticks, or bars of explosive material
arranged to modify the manner of burning.
Subclass:
255
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Apparatus
having means to position, hold or support the propellant.
(1) Note. A mere wall or casing without any special
modification for positioning, holding or supporting the
propellant is not included. See Class 239, Fluid Sprinkling,
Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass 302.
Subclass:
256
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Apparatus
having means to initiate propellant combustion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 202 for means for
igniting a missile propellant.
Subclass:
257
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus in
which thrust is produced by the combustion of (1) a
monopropellant or (2) an oxidizer and a fuel, the oxidizer
being supplied to the combustion zone in a liquid state.
(1) Note. This definition is intended to provide an art
collection of nonair breathing motors (i.e., rockets)
employing an oxidant supplied to the motor in a liquid state.
However, no special structure need be claimed for
classification in this subclass. Patents whose disclosure or
claims relate to the described art group are considered to
come under this definition.
(2) Note. A broad disclosure that liquid oxidizer, two or
more liquid propellants or liquid monopropellant are used in
the motor or that the motor is of the "liquid propellant or
liquid reactant" nonair breathing type is classifiable under
this definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
240 for motors having oxidizers stored as a liquid with
sensed condition responsive means for controlling oxidizer
flow.
Subclass:
258
This subclass is indented under subclass 257. Apparatus
having means to inject the oxidizer into the combustion zone
where it is to be consumed during the combustion process.
Subclass:
259
This subclass is indented under subclass 257. Apparatus
having means to increase the pressure of the oxidizer or
monopropellant so that it may be introduced into the motive
fluid producing area (e.g., burner).
Subclass:
260
This subclass is indented under subclass 257. Apparatus
having means by which a liquid oxidizer or monopropellant may
be heated before it is introduced into the motive fluid
producing means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
267 for motors having a means to exchange heat between a
solid body and a liquid.
Subclass:
261
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus
having means to oxidize fuel in an atmosphere of motive fluid
comprising previously formed combustion products.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241 for after burners in series with other burners two or
more of which may be controlled in response to a sensed
condition.
243 for a disclosure of burners in series but wherein the
fuel flow to only one of the burners is controlled in
response to a sensed condition.
264 for pressurized motive fluid treating means which
includes the addition of fluid or other substances thereto
other than the fuel to be oxidized.
Subclass:
262
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus in
which an air stream is compressed and led into a combustion
chamber in which motive fluid is produced, comprising a
passage for causing a portion of the air, after it has been
compressed, to avoid entry into the combustion chamber and be
led back into the stream of motive fluid from the combustion
chamber before it is ejected into the ambient.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
224 for devices having means to cause a portion of a
compressed gas stream to bypass a combustion chamber or other
component acting upon the stream together with separate
ejecting means for each of two or more of the streams
formed.
246 for a device having a compressed air stream bypassing a
nonair breathing combustion chamber.
248 for a device having an air passage which bypasses an
intermittent combustion chamber.
Subclass:
263
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus
having (1) two or more motive fluid producing means, means to
combine the motive fluid issuing from said producing means,
and either single or plural ejecting means through which said
combined motive fluid may pass or (2) two or more motive
fluid ejecting means receiving motive fluid from a single
motive fluid producing means.
(1) Note. Concentric nozzles are not considered plural if
fluid from one nozzle is discharged within the confines and
upstream of the discharging extremity of another of the
nozzles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
201 for reaction motors arranged to turn about an axis when
in operation and having a plurality of motive fluid ejecting
means.
224 for a plurality of reaction motors which are
interrelated either because one is responsive to a condition
of another or two or more reaction motors are responsive to a
single means.
229 for motors having plural selectively usable motive fluid
ejecting means to vary the thrust magnitude.
262 for motors having plural combustion chambers but wherein
passage means is provided for the ambient air supply for one
combustion chamber which extends from a point before to a
point after another combustion chamber.
Subclass:
264
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus
having means whereby a physical characteristic of a stream of
pressurized motive fluid may be changed by the introduction
of a substance into said stream to react or mix therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
231 for motors having thrust direction modifying means
employing a means to inject a fluid into the motive fluid
ejecting means.
246 for motors having means to mix pressurized air from the
effluent from a nonair breathing combustion chamber.
248 for reaction motors having means to bypass air around an
intermittent combustion chamber and to mix said air with
combustion products issuing from said combustion chamber.
261 for a motor having means to add oxidizer or fuel to an
atmosphere of previously formed combustion products to
promote further burning.
265 for motors having means to flow a film of fluid on a
motor component surface between said surface and the motive
fluid to cool the component, and means whereby the fluid may
ultimately combine with the motive fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass
127.3 for means to mix a cooling fluid with the main
discharge stream in a nozzle of a reaction motor, and
subclass 265.17 for a means to add a secondary fluid to the
main stream upstream of the nozzle outlet.
Subclass:
265
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus
having means by which a fluid film, other than air, may be
caused to sweep a surface of the apparatus between said
surface and the motive fluid presented to said surface.
(1) Note. Included in this definition is a fluid film
formed by ablatable material on a motive fluid engageable
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
257 particularly subclasses 258 and 261 for reaction motors
wherein liquid oxidizer or fuel are sprayed onto or otherwise
caused to flow on the walls of a combustion chamber prior to
combustion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass
265.15 for reaction motor nozzles having an erodible,
frangible or fusible part.
Subclass:
266
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus
having means to enhance the transfer of heat between a solid
body and a fluid flowing in contact therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
246 for turborockets having means to bypass air around a
nonair breathing combustion chamber.
248 for an intermittent combustion motor in which bypassed
air may be used as a coolant.
262 for motors in which a part of the compressed gas may be
bypassed around a motor part to cool said part.
264 for motors having a substance to be mixed with the
motive fluid but which may also be used to cool a part of
said motor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclass 232 for a
structural component having chemically reactable layers or
components which may change physically or chemically with
variations in ambient conditions such as heat or moisture.
62, Refrigeration, 467 for apparatus comprising means to
cause a cooling effect by producing a change in the condition
or state of a material.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass
127.1 for reaction motor discharge nozzles having cooling
jackets.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 117 for aircraft having an
ablatable surface.
Subclass:
267
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Apparatus
wherein said fluid is a liquid.
Subclass:
268
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus
having a plurality of rotary means two or more of which
rotate in opposite directions, each rotary means having a
means to compress a propellant and a means driving said
rotary means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
236 for reaction motors having counter rotating turbine
rotors with condition responsive means which may control the
fuel supply and motive fluid ejecting means opening.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, 60 for counter
rotating rotors in a device of the type there classified.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), 128 for
oppositely rotating impellers, per se.
Subclass:
269
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus
wherein the pressure of air is increased by mechanical means
or by means of a pressurized fluid, said air being used as a
propellant or as the motive fluid.
(1) Note. Included in this definition are reaction motors
which include an impeller for moving a fluid and having an
outlet for discharging said fluid having a sole disclosed
function to produce a thrust.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
221 for reaction motors having shrouded impellers wherein
water is the medium moved.
268 for motors having counter rotating turbine rotors
driving plural compressor elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass
265.11 for a device having an impeller for moving a fluid
and an outlet through which the fluid may be discharged
wherein a function of the discharged fluid relates to
spraying, sprinkling, etc.
Subclass:
270.1
Air supplied by ram effect:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus in
which the means for producing motive fluid includes a
combustion or heating chamber and air is supplied to said
chamber due only to the forward motion of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
244, Aeronautics, subclass 53 for ram jet engines with
particular inlet means (e.g., inflatable cowling and
pressure responsive spike) combined with significant aircraft
structure.
Subclass:
271
This subclass is indented under subclass 200.1. Apparatus
having a specifically claimed opening by means of which
motive fluid is ejected from the apparatus.
(1) Note. Included in this definition are reaction motor
ejection means having an opening which may be varied in cross
sectional area.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 40 for pipes having
variable or nonvariable means (e.g., nozzle like devices) to
restrict the flow of fluid therethrough.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 265.11 for
reaction nozzles, per se, especially subclass 265.19 for
reaction motor discharge nozzles having means controlling the
amount and shape of the stream discharged.
Subclass:
272
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter having an engine in which fuel is burned in an
expansible chamber to produce work and in which at least some
of the combusted material going to discharge is handled or
treated after it reaches a point where the handling or
treatment is more than that necessary to remove the material
from the chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.5 for the treatment of combustion products making up the
exhaust of a gas turbine; subclasses 64+ for the treatment of
the exhaust of an engine driven by a single fluid; and
subclasses 200+ for a power plant comprising a combustion
products generator and a combustion products directing
reaction nozzle.
228 for a reaction motor with thrust modifying means;
595 for a free piston type internal combustion engine, the
exhaust of which drives a motor; and
597 for a fluid motor driven by the exhaust or waste heat of
an internal combustion engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, 568.11, for an internal
combustion engine having a charge forming device that may be
heated by exhaust gas; or in which exhaust gas is mixed with
the engine fuel; subclass 142.5 for an internal combustion
engine in which various parts of the engine exchange heat;
and appropriate subclass for a residual internal combustion
engine with the exhaust handled or treated as necessary to
evacuate the combustion chamber or to modify operation of the
engine.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 296 for a motor vehicle having
a specific motor-to-body-frame relationship and wherein the
vehicle includes means on the motor or body frame for
handling exhaust from the motor; subclass 309 for a motor
vehicle which includes means for handling exhaust from its
motor; and subclass 89.2 for a body for a motor vehicle,
which body includes means for handling the exhaust of a
motor.
181, Acoustics, 213 for a muffler, per se.
Subclass:
273
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Processes of
treating or handling the materials discharging to atmosphere
or to an external device from the combustion chamber of an
internal combustion engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, 212 for a process of
purifying a gas that is nominally the exhaust from an
internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
274
This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Processes in
which the handling or treatment serves to remove or destroy
harmful materials in the exhaust gas.
Subclass:
275
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus in
which the exhaust gas is treated by a sonic or super-sonic
vibration generator, an electrical field device,
electrolysis, or by an electrical discharge.
(1) Note. An electrical igniter is not regarded as an
electrical field or discharge type gas treater.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
95, Gas Separation: Processes, 57 for processes of gas
separation involving an electric or electrostatic field.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, 15 for apparatus for gas
separation involving an electric or electrostatic field.
Subclass:
276
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus
including structure analyzing the chemical composition of the
exhaust gas and exerting a control responsive to the
determined value or giving an indication of the determined
value.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 23 for a gas analyzer, per se.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass
61.03 for a smoke responsive switch.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclass for apparatus testing the electrical properties of
gases.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 83 for gas
analyzers.
431, Combustion, subclass 76 for a fuel burner controlled by
a means analyzing the composition of its combustion
products.
Subclass:
277
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus,
with means (1) that prevents operation if a necessary state
or condition is not sensed or indicated (2) that stops
operation if a malfunction or dangerous condition is sensed
(3) that takes protective action to protect a system element
responsive to a sensed malfunction or dangerous condition (4)
or that acts to inform the operator of a dangerous state or
malfunction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 500 for electrical
automatic condition responsive indicating systems.
Subclass:
278
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus
having (1) structure by which a part of the gas discharged
from the combustion chamber is returned to become a
constituent of the engine feed and another part is handled or
treated as it is discharged as exhaust gas or (2) structure
by which the combustion chamber discharge gas is cooled,
purified or separated; and a part of the cooled, purified or
separated engine discharge is returned as engine feed and
another part is discharged as exhaust gas.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 568.11 for an
internal combustion engine having means to return a part of
the exhaust gas switching, therefrom back to the engine
intake and wherein no means are provided to treat said gas.
Subclass:
279
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Apparatus in
which the combustion chamber discharge is separated into two
streams, one richer in reactive material than the other, the
enriched part of the separated combustion chamber discharge
being returned to the engine and the stream reduced in
reactive components being discharged as exhaust gas.
Subclass:
280
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus
including a mechanism or structure driven by the flow of the
engine exhaust gas serving to perfect the operation of the
engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
597 for an internal combustion engine having a motor driven
by exhaust from the internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
281
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus in
which the handling means includes a collection and storage
reservoir, or a flow line maintaining the exhaust pressure
and connected to a point using exhaust gases as a pressurized
motive fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
613 for an internal combustion engine having a motor driven
by its exhaust gases and having means to temporarily store
the gases prior to their entry into the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass 129,
for a system using exhaust gas to heat and spray an external
material.
Subclass:
282
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus
having means for chemically reacting at least one of the
constituent materials of the combustion products to produce a
substance less harmful to living organisms.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 168 for a chemical
or catalytic reactor for treating exhaust gas.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, 212 for a process of
purifying a mixture that is nominally the exhaust of an
internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
283
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus with
structure by which the fumes from the crankcase of the
engine, or fuel vapors from the carburetor or fuel tank are
handled or treated in conduction with the engine exhaust
gas.
Subclass:
284
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus in
which there is a sequence by which the engine is brought into
full operation after start initiation without manual
intervention; the sequence including a purge period or
operation on the reactor, or a special operation to bring the
reactor to an effective reacting temperature.
Subclass:
285
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus
including a means that senses a condition of the reactor and
actuates a device controlling the feed to, or ignition of the
engine.
Subclass:
286
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus
including a condition responsive device controlling a means
heating the reactor, a means igniting the exhaust gas in the
reactor, a means cooling the reactor, or a means supplying
fuel to the reactor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
284 for an automatic purge or heat-up of an exhaust gas
treating reactor in an engine starting sequence.
Subclass:
287
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus
including a means sensing a condition of the apparatus and
exerting a control on a means feeding a fluid to the reactor,
of the pressure of the reactor, or on a means by-passing the
reactor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
285 for apparatus in which the engine feed or ignition is
controlled by a means sensing a condition of the reactor.
Subclass:
288
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Apparatus in
which the condition responsive means control structure
selectively directing exhaust from the engine through the
reaction device or a device by which oxidizer is entrained
for reaction; or through a branch or bypass avoiding such
device.
Subclass:
289
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Apparatus
controlling the delivery of reactive air to the reactor.
Subclass:
290
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus in
which the feed of reactive is controlled by a means
responsive to the speed of the engine or to the pressure in
the intake manifold of the engine.
Subclass:
291
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Apparatus in
which there is (1) a means controlling the pressure in the
reactor or in the exhaust gas being fed to the reactor; or
(2) a means sensing the pressure in the reactor or of the
exhaust gas being fed to the reactor and controlling an
element of the apparatus.
Subclass:
292
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Apparatus in
which a valve controlling the discharge from the reactor to
the atmosphere is actuated by a means sensing the pressure in
the reactor.
Subclass:
293
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Apparatus in
which a valve responsive to the difference in pressure
between that of the reactor and the atmosphere open to feed
reactive air to the reactor when the pressure in the reactor
is below atmospheric pressure.
Subclass:
294
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus in
which a control means that affects operation of the reactor
is mechanically connected to the throttle of the engine or to
a cyclically controlled element of the engine to be moved
along with the throttle or element.
Subclass:
295
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus with
structure for cleaning, regenerating, replacing or otherwise
restoring used, contaminated, or consumed catalytic material
or other solid or liquid treating agent or reactant.
Subclass:
296
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Apparatus in
which cleaning or regenerating is accomplished by reversing
the flow of fluid through the agent, reactant or catalytic
material.
Subclass:
297
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus
having, in addition to the reactor, means to mechanically
remove, solid or liquid particles from the exhaust gas; to
wash the exhaust gas; or to absorb or adsorb material from
the exhaust gas.
Subclass:
298
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus
having structure by which heat is removed from the reactor or
from the feed to the reactor, generally to prevent
overheating of the reactor.
Subclass:
299
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus in
which the exhaust gas is passed over or through catalytic
material to produce the reaction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 168 for a
chemical or catalytic reactor for treating exhaust gas.
Subclass:
300
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Apparatus with
an external means for supplying heat to the catalyst to raise
it to an operative temperature.
Subclass:
301
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Apparatus in
which the reaction assisted by the catalyst is of the
reduction type, i.e., the removal of oxygen from the
substance being treated.
Subclass:
302
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Apparatus in
which the catalyst is positioned directly in the exhaust
manifold or between the manifold and the combustion chamber
of the engine.
Subclass:
303
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus in
which the reaction of the exhaust gas is initiated or
maintained by a heater, an igniter, or a supplemental feed of
fuel.
Subclass:
304
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus
including structure by which air is fed to the exhaust gas at
a region immediately associated with an engine exhaust valve
or port, whereby the high temperature produced by combustion
in the engine produces the reaction.
Subclass:
305
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Apparatus in
which oxidizer from a common supply structure is fed
separately to the exhaust valves or ports of spaced engine
combustion chambers.
Subclass:
306
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Apparatus in
which oxidizer is fed both to a region of reaction adjacent
the combustion chamber and to a reactor downstream of and
spaced from the port region.
Subclass:
307
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus
having a pump or other fluid impelling structure feeding air
into the combustion products from the engine to react
chemically therewith.
Subclass:
308
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Apparatus in
which the air is caused to flow by an aspirating effect of
the exhaust gas.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 41.64 for an
internal combustion engine in which cooling air is aspirated
across the engine by a jet pump generally powered by exhaust
gas.
Subclass:
309
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus with
structure for receiving or handling liquid condensed from the
exhaust gases.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 236, for a cyclically
operable expansible chamber motor having plural exhaust
passages, for example, separate air and condensate discharge
passages.
Subclass:
310
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus in
which the exhaust gas is treated by being washed by liquid,
or is handled by structure within which it comes into contact
with liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, subclass 235, for a muffler having an
underwater discharge; and subclasses 221 and 260+, for a
muffler into which liquid is fed to assist in muffling the
sound.
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, appropriate subclass
for gas and liquid contact apparatus not specialized to
handling the exhaust of an internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
311
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus
treating the exhaust gases by absorbing or adsorbing one of
the liquid or gaseous components; or by separating a liquid
or solid component by a filter, a centrifugal device, or a
gravitational device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
299 for apparatus in which exhaust gas is passed into or
through a catalytic bed that may also filter the gas or sorb
one of its components.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
55, Gas Separation, appropriate subclass, for a gas separator
of general utility.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for gas separation apparatus,
per se.
Subclass:
312
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus
correlating, or correlated with the pressure waves or pulses
produced by the regular, intermittent discharge from an
engine's exhaust port or ports.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, 277, for a muffler, per se, tuned to silence
or muffle pressure pulses.
Subclass:
313
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Apparatus
receiving pressure pulses from successively firing
cylinders.
Subclass:
314
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Apparatus in
which the waves or pulses aid in the scavenging or charging
of a combustion chamber of a two-cycle engine.
Subclass:
315
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus
receiving exhaust gas from the engine and forcibly moving it
toward discharge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
281 for an exhaust system that collects exhaust gas or uses
it as a pressure fluid source.
Subclass:
316
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Apparatus, in
which exhaust gases are moved toward discharge entrainment in
a separately supplied rapidly moving fluid stream.
Subclass:
317
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus
having structure in which the engine discharge is mixed with
a second fluid prior to emission into the atmosphere.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
282 for a system in which engine discharge is mingled with a
fluid with which it reacts.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, subclass 219 and 259+ for a muffler in which
gas is mingled with another gas to muffle the sound by
diluting the moving fluid.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass 129,
for a system in which exhaust gas is the carrier for a
material to be diffused.
Subclass:
318
This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Apparatus, in
which the material mixed with the exhaust gas is water in the
vaporous state.
Subclass:
319
This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Apparatus in
which exhaust gas flowing in the structure entrains and
carries along the external fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 41.64 for an air
cooled internal combustion engine in which the cooling air is
caused to move by a jet pump actuated by exhaust gas.
Subclass:
320
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus
having structure for the transfer of heat to or from exhaust
gas or to or from exhaust gas handling structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, 41.01, for the cooling of
the parts of an internal combustion engine other than the
exhaust system; subclasses 434+ for a charge-forming system
having means for heating the charge or for a device
vaporizing oil to form a charge, for a device vaporizing oil
to form a charge; and subclass 142.5 for an internal
combustion engine having means using heat from one part to
heat another part by exchanging heat between the parts.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 19.5 for a stove, oven or
heating vessel heated by exhaust gas.
165, Heat Exchange, subclass 52, for a heat exchange means
for transferring heat from exhaust gas to engine feed
structure.
237, Heating Systems, subclass 12.3 for an automobile heated
by the exhaust of an engine.
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, subclass 145 for a
gas-liquid contact engine supply device heated by exhaust
gas.
Subclass:
321
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Apparatus in
which an element collecting exhaust gas from a plurality of
cylinders is cooled.
Subclass:
322
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus with
provision for dimension variation produced by temperature
change or having means absorbing, preventing, or limiting the
transmission of vibration.
Subclass:
323
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus
comprising a chamber or flow line fed by branch inlets from a
plurality of distinct combustion chambers.
Subclass:
324
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus
having distinct structure dividing, modulating, or providing
for nonturbulent flow of exhaust gas.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclass 37 for a tubular
conduit having a flow regulator or baffle.
Subclass:
325
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus having a means or source capable of flowing or
pressurizing a liquid or gaseous motive fluid, and motor
means responsive to the pressure of the flow or of the fluid
to convert such pressure or flow to useful mechanical work,
said motive fluid being capable of transmitting energy from
said source to said motor.
(1) Note. See Glossary at the end of this subclass
definition.
(2) Note. Except as noted below, this and indented
subclasses include those pump-motor combinations in which the
pump creates a pressurized motive fluid to be transmitted to
the motor to output useful work because of the pressure
differential of the working fluid between the fluid inlet to
and outlet from the motor.
(3) Note. Expansible chamber motors having a nominal
pressure source and an exhaust treating means are classified
in Class 60 subclasses 654, 681, and 685+, dealing with
motors combined with exhaust treating means, on the theory
that the device would be classified in Class 91, Motors:
Expansible Chamber Type, or some other motor class, except
for the claimed exhaust treatment feature and would not be
classified on the grounds of a motor with a nominal pump
combination.
(4) Note. The combination of an internal combustion engine
and means to induce or create flow of exhaust gases or to
treat exhaust gases from the combustion chamber of the
internal combustion engine is not considered to define a
motor having a working member actuated by motive fluid. Such
a combination is regarded rather as directed to exhaust
treatment classified in subclasses 272+.
(5) Note. A fluid motor in which the exhaust thereof passes
through a heat exchanger or condenser arranged to induce
additional flow in the motive fluid is excluded from this
subclass and will be found under subclasses 685+, exhaust
treatment.
(6) Note. This and indented subclasses include patents
claiming motive fluid pressurizing means combined with means
to convert the pressurized motive fluid to useful work.
Output Transmission. In general gearing or linkage may be
included as part of the power output means or transmission of
the claimed motor means. However, when the transmission
includes some part which does not always partake of a given
motion in accordance with the motion of the motor working
member, such as a selectively engageable clutch, this no
longer constitutes subject matter for this class. See Class
74, Machine Element or Mechanism Class 188, Brakes, Class
192, Clutches and Power Stop Control, 475, Planetary Gear
Transmission Systems or Components.
Motive Fluid Source
(1) Pumps
The inclusion in a claim of a pump broadly which provides
motive fluid for utilization by fluid motor does not preclude
classification in a fluid motor class (See the Search Class
notes below.).
The following examples of terminology have been considered to
be nominal inclusion of a pump and if so claimed would not
preclude classification in a fluid motor class: (a) a pump,
(b) a rotary pump, (c) a motor driven pump, (d) a motor
driven rotary pump, (e) an internal combustion engine having
an intake manifold (as a source of vacuum); (f) a plurality
of pumps arranged in parallel; (g) a circuit comprising a
pump, pumps, and motor.
The following examples have been considered to be significant
inclusion of a pump and if so claimed would cause
classification in Class 60 if otherwise appropriate: (a) a
pump which is characterized as to type, e.g., centrifugal,
eduction, constant displacement, variable displacement,
pulsator, etc., (however, see (b) in preceding paragraph) (b)
a motor driven pump in which the motor is characterized as to
type e.g., turbine, electric motor, internal combustion
engine (however, see (e) in preceding paragraph),(c) a pump
which has any detail thereof recited as, for example a
"piston," (d) a plurality of pumps in series, (e) a
particular physical relation between a nominal pump, and (1)
a motor supplied thereby, or (2) with a pump, reservoir or
tank forming part of the circuit supplying the pump. For
example, this particular physical relation may include their
relation in space or mechanical interconnection means.
Accumulators A motor having its working chamber in constant
communication with an accumulator for pressurized motive
fluid is not precluded from a motor class regardless of the
specificity with which the accumulator is recited, the
accumulator in this case being considered to be merely a part
of the expansible chamber.
However, unless the accumulator is claimed so broadly as to
amount to a mere conduit, these subclasses of Class 60 take
an accumulator combined with a fluid motor in which a control
valve is interposed between the accumulator and the motor, if
otherwise appropriate.
Also Class 91 subclass 5 takes an expansible chamber type
motor having as a part thereof a storage chamber that holds
only a sufficient quantity of motive fluid for one stroke and
that must be recharged for each succeeding stroke.
(7) Note. When the pump-motor combination is claimed so
broadly so that the recitations applicable to either the pump
or the motor can not form the basis for classification in a
pump or a motor class, then classification is in this class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.01 for fluid pressure generator-motor combinations
wherein the fluid pressure generator is a means for bringing
together fluids from different sources or of different
qualities and using them in a motor. The motor may be a
turbine or an expansible chamber type. (See (7) Note.)
39.01 for a system in which a combination device is a
pressure fluid source feeding combustion products to the
motor. (See (5) Note.)
595 for a system in which a free piston type of internal
combustion engine is a pressure fluid source for a motor.
(See (5) Note.)
597 for a system in which an internal combustion engine is a
pressure fluid source for a motor. (See (5) Note.)
597 for fluid pressure generator-motor combinations wherein
the exhaust from an internal combustion engine means is in
fact the motive fluid which is convertible to useful work by
the motor means which may be a turbine or an expansible
chamber type motor. (See (7) Note.)
643 for a system in which indirectly applied heat energize
motive fluid for a motor. (See (5) Note.)
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices.
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices.
MOTIVE FLUID
Includes expansible or nonexpansible fluids, entrained in a
system including a pump and motor, or fluents whose
characteristics permit a transmission of energy or flow
between a pump and motor which is not inconsistent with that
of the fluents.
MOTIVE FLUID RESPONSIVE MEANS
Comprises means actuated by the flow or pressure of the fluid
or by the absence of such flow or pressure between the pump
and the motor.
WORKING MEMBER POSITION RESPONSIVE MEANS
Comprises means positively actuated by the motor working
member when it attains a given predetermined position in the
working chamber. Such position includes a position of the
working member attained after a predetermined number of
strokes or revolutions of the working member.
A VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP OR MOTOR
Includes an expansible chamber and means to vary the volume
of fluid admitted to or discharged from the chamber. The
means which varies the volume of fluid will be generally
either (1) means which physically displaces either the piston
or working member or the cylinder or housing of the
expansible chamber to vary the effective stroke of the piston
or working member, or (2) means which alters the timing of
the inlet or exhaust valve with respect to the piston or
working member timing to vary the effective stroke of the
piston or working member.
Subclass:
326
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus in
which the fluid medium used to transmit energy from the pump
to the motor means is (1) composed of two or more substances
which do not dissolve one in the other or otherwise
chemically react with each other but which together flow as a
fluid, e.g., oil and air, oil and iron particles, etc., or
(2) a liquid having a normally high degree of viscosity or
electroconductivity such as mercury.
Subclass:
327
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Methods.
Subclass:
328
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
having (1) signals, indicator, registers, recorders, or
gauges for indicating a condition or the position of a motor
or pump part such as a piston, control member, valve etc.,
such devices consisting of a relatively movable, changeable
or audible information giving parts, or (2) transparent
viewing means whereby the motor or pump operation or the
condition of some part thereof may be observed.
(1) Note. For classification under part (1) of this
definition there must be either an indicia or an audible or
visual signal. Relative to indicia, there must be graduation
or markings in the disclosure as claimed. Where it is
indicated that the mere position of a motor part is
indicative of a condition of the motor (e.g., valve handle
position corresponds to motor or pump position)
classification under this definition does not result unless
some cooperating indicia are included.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 232 for expansible chamber type
volume or rate of flow meters and see Lines With Other
Classes of the class definition of Class 91, Motors:
Expansible Chamber Type, for a general statement of the line
between Class 91 and Class 73.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 1 for fluid
motors, signals and indicators, and see Search Class 73 note
above.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, subclass 5 for signals,
indicators or inspection windows for expansible chamber
devices.
340, Communications: Electrical, 500 for electrical
automatic condition responsive indicating systems.
Subclass:
329
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
having means by which the motive fluid or the apparatus may
be controlled or adjusted responsive to a change in the
compressibility, temperature or viscosity of said motive
fluid to maintain a desired output work rate or to avoid
apparatus failure.
(1) Note. Apparatus or motive fluid control means
responsive to motive fluid pressure variations, per se, are
not included in this subclass even though it may be argued
that pressure variations are the result of compressibility,
temperature or viscosity variations of the motive fluid.
Subclass:
330
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
comprising means for transmitting torque from a first
rotating shaft to a second coaxial rotatable shaft, to which
shafts are secured shroud elements, each of which is
generally concave (e.g., hemispherical or hemitoroidal) and
provided with generally radial vanes secured within the
concavity, the elements being capable of forming a spheroidal
toroidal enclosure for a mass of liquid material, in which
device rotation of the first shaft (and of the vanes carried
thereby, i.e., impeller) causes particles of the liquid mass
or working fluid to circulate in a small circle that lies in
a plane coincident with (or parallel to) the axis of rotation
of the shafts and simultaneously circulate in a larger circle
that lies in a plane at right angles to said axis, which
circulation of the mass causes rotation of the second shaft
and the vanes i.e., turbine carried thereby are moved by the
fluid.
(1) Note. The devices herein provided for are known in the
art under various names including "vortex flow drive", "fluid
drive", "fluid coupling", "fly wheel", "torque convertor",
"hydrokinetic torque transformer". Such devices generally
fall into one of two categories. In one of these (e.g.,
"fluid coupling") the angular velocity of the driven shroud
element referred to in the definition for this subclass
cannot be greater than that of the driving element (and is
usually less due to slippage); thus the torque is not
increased. In the other category (e.g., "torque converter")
an additional radially vaned element is interposed in the
flow of fluid to modify, direction of movement and velocity
in the fluid and thereby change the torque transmitted from
the first shaft to the second shaft.
(2) Note. Frequently the devices classified in this and
indented subclasses (e.g., fluid couplings, torque
converters, etc.) are combined with clutches and/or gearing
and/or brakes among other mechanisms.
(A) The line between Class 192, Clutches and Power-Stop
Controls, and this class (Class 60) is not intended to be
changed as a result of the establishment of this subclasses
(330+). Class 60 (subclasses 330+) is intended to be the
locus of patents to a vortex-flow drive, per se, and may
include a brake means which may be applied to an element
interposed in the path of fluid in the vortex flow to prevent
rotation of said element relative to the input member, output
member or a stationary member. The brake means in this
situation is of the type found, per se, in Class 188, Brakes.
For the combination of a vortex-flow drive and a clutch to
connect either element to its associated input or output
shaft see Class 192, subclasses 3.21+. Where the clutch is
used to connect one of the elements to a stationary member to
prevent rotation of said element see Class 192 subclasses
3.34+, but see (B) below.
(B) Class 188, Brakes, (particularly subclass 296) is the
locus of patents to a "fluid brake", wherein the structure is
superficially similar to a vortex flow drive as described in
the definition of this subclass above. However, in the
disclosures found in Class 188 subclass 296, one of the
elements is fixed to its supporting structure to retard
rotation of the other element. But see (A) above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
327 for methods of operating fluid couplings of the type
which are classified in this subclass.
329 for coaxial impeller and turbine units having means to
control the unit or the motive fluid in response to changes
in compressibility, temperature or viscosity of the motive
fluid.
435 and notes therewith for nonvortex flow transmission
units having associated brakes or clutches.
645 prime mover and control for driving fluid drive and
gearing.
655 fluid drive is included as part of internal mechanism of
a single gearing unit.
677 where the fluid drive either divides or combines the
plural power paths to or from a planetary gearing system.
687 for devices in which a fluid coupling is included in one
of plural power paths to or from a planetary gearing.
710 for fluid drives which either divide or combine
alternate plural paths to or from a nonplanetary gearing.
720 where a fluid coupling is included in one of plural
power paths to or from a nonplanetary gearing.
730 fluid drive combined with gearing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, for the locus of patents
claiming a fluid drive in combination with nonplanetary
gearing.
475, Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components, for
the locus of patents claiming a fluid drive in combination
with planetary gearing.
Subclass:
331
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Apparatus
wherein turbine means is provided with means by which it may
be rotated so that the driven member may be rotated in either
clockwise or counter-clockwise direction with respect to the
direction of rotation of the driving member.
Subclass:
332
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus
wherein rotational direction of the turbine means may be
controlled because of the ability to change the pitch of the
vanes associated with either or all of the impeller means,
turbine means or guide means in the motive fluid circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
342 for units having means to change the pitch of a flow
directing guide in combination with a means to brake said
guide against relative rotation with one of the parts of the
unit.
354 for hydrokinetic units having means to change the pitch
of flow directing guide means in order to vary the power
output of the unit.
Subclass:
333
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus
wherein rotational direction of a turbine means may be
altered by either releasing for free rotation or braking or
otherwise securing against rotation certain vane means which
may rotate about the axis of the unit and which is effective
in the motive fluid path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
341 for means to brake a rotating part of a hydrokinetic
unit to control the speed of rotation thereof.
Subclass:
334
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus
having vane means which may be inserted into or removed from
the motive fluid circuit to effectively change the direction
of the motive fluid flow and thus the rotational direction of
the turbine means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
353 for a hydrokinetic unit having motive fluid guide vane
means transferable axially of said unit into or out of the
motive fluid flow path to control flow of said fluid other
than to cause the driven member to reverse rotational
direction.
Subclass:
335
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus
having plural hydrokinetic units with means whereby one or
another of the units may be activated and thus establish the
rotational direction of the driven member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
363 for plural impeller-turbine units.
Subclass:
336
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Apparatus
having means by which air or other foreign matter may be
removed from the working fluid.
Subclass:
337
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Apparatus
including means whereby the temperature of any of the
components of the apparatus may be changed other than as a
result of the normal functioning of any of said components.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
329 for hydrokinetic transmission units having means to vary
the temperature of the working fluid responsive to the sensed
temperature of said working fluid either by adding or
withdrawing working fluid to or from the system or otherwise
exchanging heat with said working fluid.
Subclass:
338
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Apparatus
having means to dampen, attenuate or otherwise control any
shock surge or vibration which may develop in the
transmission unit or its supporting means as a result of
starting, stopping or continuous operation.
Subclass:
339
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Apparatus
having means by which any part of said transmission unit may
be lubricated.
Subclass:
340
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Apparatus
wherein a plurality of turbines are provided in a system
which may comprise a plurality of separate or separable
motive fluid circuits, and wherein the turbines of each of
the units are adapted to be connected to separate output
members, which members may be driven at different speeds.
Subclass:
341
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Apparatus
having guide vane means, other than the impeller or turbine
vane means, located in the circulatory flow path of the fluid
to give a certain direction of flow to said fluid, being
axially rotatable with and independently of the impeller and
or turbine, and having brake or clutch means whereby said
guide vane means may be held against relative rotation with
respect to the turbine, impeller or a stationery member.
(1) Note. The brake or clutch found in this subclass may be
of the type which are found, per se, in Class 188, Brakes,
and in Class 192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control. For the
line between this subclass and Classes 188 and 192 see the
notes to subclass 330 above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
333 for hydrokinetic units having means to brake or retard
rotation of one of the vane means located in the motive fluid
flow path whereby the direction of rotation of the turbine
means may be reversed.
Subclass:
342
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Apparatus
having additional means to vary the pitch or otherwise vary
the exposure of one or more of the members to flow of the
motive fluid in its flow path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
332 for fluid couplings having means to control the pitch of
the vanes of any of the impeller, flow guide or turbine units
to reverse turbine rotation.
Subclass:
343
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Apparatus
having a condition responsive or manual means operable to
adjust the clutch or brake means.
Subclass:
344
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Apparatus in
which at least part of the casing, which houses the members
in the motive fluid flow path or which is integral with one
or more of said members, may be held against rotation in
order to alter a characteristic of the flow of the motive
fluid.
Subclass:
345
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Apparatus
having a clutch means which permits relative rotation in one
direction only between any two or more of the rotatable
members which are in the operative path of the motive fluid.
Subclass:
346
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Apparatus
having a plurality of rotatable guide members in the
operative path or the motive fluid and which are not impeller
or turbine members, and having clutch means to permit
rotation thereof in one direction only relative to the casing
or frame means.
Subclass:
347
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Apparatus
having manual means or means actuated in response to a
condition to actively regulate or control the output of the
unit.
Subclass:
348
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Apparatus in
which a plurality of hydrokinetic units are axially spaced
from each other, wherein the rotating members of the units
rotate about the same axis and have means to selectively
control the flow of motive fluid to the units.
Subclass:
349
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Apparatus
wherein the output of the unit is controlled by adjusting the
turbine or impeller means or both relative to one another in
a direction parallel to or coaxial with the axis of rotation
of the turbine.
Subclass:
350
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus
wherein the output of the unit is controlled by moving the
turbine and/or impeller unit relative to one another in a
direction of the axis of rotation to thereby vary the axial
spacing between the turbine and the impeller members.
Subclass:
351
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Apparatus
having means which may be moved into or out of contact with
the working fluid through which means the quantity of said
working fluid circulating in the unit between the impeller
and turbine members may be varied.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
357 for additional means whereby the quantity of working
fluid in the transmission unit may be varied.
Subclass:
352
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Apparatus
wherein the output of the unit is controlled or regulated by
means placed in the motive fluid circuit to alter the flow,
either in rate or direction, which said motive fluid would
otherwise assume.
Subclass:
353
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Apparatus
wherein at least one guide vane designed to act upon the
motive fluid to change its normal direction of flow in the
motive fluid circuit may be moved axially of the impeller and
turbine units to a position wherein the effectiveness of said
guide vane on said motive fluid is reduced or eliminated.
(1) Note. The rotating members include the impeller,
turbine and guide or reaction members positioned between the
impeller and turbine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
331 for a reversible driven turbine with adjustable flow
diverting means.
349 wherein the turbine or impeller may be axially
adjusted.
Subclass:
354
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Apparatus
wherein the pitch of any or all of the vanes associated with
the impeller, guide or turbine means of the transmission unit
may be changed to alter the angle of incidence between said
fluid and said vanes to vary the power output of said unit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
332 for units having means to vary the pitch of the flow
guide or reaction blade means to the point where the
rotational direction of turbine component may be reversed.
Subclass:
355
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Apparatus
having means which will, in response to sensed speed of a
component of the transmission unit, set the pitch of said
vane means.
Subclass:
356
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Apparatus
having means which will, in response to sensed pressure of
said motive fluid of the transmission unit, set the pitch of
said vane means.
Subclass:
357
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Apparatus
having means whereby the quantity of motive fluid employed in
quantity the fluid transmission may be varied.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
351 for transmission units having a scoop means insertable
into the working fluid through which a quantity of said
working fluid may be removed from said unit.
Subclass:
358
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Apparatus
including a pump means which is in continuous operation to
pressurize a fluid, not for the purpose of transmitting power
to the work output member, but instead to pressurize said
fluid to the point where it may be added to or subtracted
from the fluid employed as the motive fluid in a fluid
transmission unit and thereby control the power transferred
through said unit.
Subclass:
359
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Apparatus
having valve means whereby a quantity of motive fluid may be
extracted from the transmission to reduce the quantity
employed thereby and thus reduce the power output from the
transmission.
Subclass:
360
This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Apparatus
having means to control the valve means in response to a
sensed fluid pressure.
Subclass:
361
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Apparatus
having other vane or vane like means located in the
circulatory flow path of the motive fluid to give a certain
direction of flow to said fluid, and wherein said other vane
means is disassociated from said impeller and or turbine and
act independently therefrom.
Subclass:
362
This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Apparatus
wherein said other vane means may rotate independently of
said impeller or turbine but coaxially therewith.
Subclass:
363
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Apparatus
having plural distinct fluid transmission units
interconnected to output torque to a single output shaft.
(1) Note. A fluid passage may interconnect the working
fluid of the various units to equalize levels in the units.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
335 for plural impeller-turbine units with means to activate
one or another of them in order to change the rotational
direction of the driven member.
Subclass:
364
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Apparatus
wherein either the turbine or the impeller component of the
fluid transmission unit is an integral part of the housing
enclosing the components which react within the motive fluid
circulatory path.
Subclass:
365
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Apparatus
having means associated with any component of the unit and
being designed to react in a special way with the motive
fluid to give it a distinct flow direction.
Subclass:
366
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Apparatus
wherein the impeller and turbine components of the fluid
transmission unit are shaped so that the motive fluid will
assume a toroidal flow path in its operation.
Subclass:
367
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Apparatus
wherein both the turbine and impeller components are provided
with motive fluid flow confining means cooperating at the
interface of the two components which creates a core or void
in the circulating path of said fluid which lies in a plane
at right angles to the axis of rotation of the transmission
unit.
Subclass:
368
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
including means separate from the motor or pump to cause or
permit the pump or motor to operate or not to operate for a
period of time and then act to start, stop or change the mode
of operation of the motor or pump; or, cause the motor or
pump to operate through a given cycle of operation, the
operation of said means being independent of and not
controlled by the operation of the motor or pump or a
pressure or flow condition of the motive fluid supplied to or
exhausted from the motor or pump and not requiring the
intervention of a human operator.
(1) Note. The means is not considered to be independent of
the motor or pump and is not included under this definition
if its operation is initiated by the motor or pump.
(2) Note. The means separate from the motor or pump may not
be another motor or pump which produces power for external
use such as the first stage of a multiple expansion engine or
pump.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclasses 286-298 for the application of
power generation or distribution which includes turbine or
generator control. Note, where significant power plants
structure is recited, classification is in the appropriate
art device class.
Subclass:
369
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
having a pump or other means, not otherwise provided for, to
place a gaseous or liquid motive fluid in a condition so that
subsequently it may be expanded or contracted or otherwise
cause the activation of a transducer or motor means having
(1) a cyclically operable oscillatable or linearly
reciprocable work output member and (2) means to control the
flow of said motive fluid to cause said work output member to
do work cyclically.
Subclass:
370
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus
wherein a gaseous working fluid is employed for at least a
portion of the cyclic movement of the motor means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 5, for a
self-cycling expansible chamber motor having as a part
thereof a storage chamber that holds only a sufficient
quantity of motive fluid for one stroke and that must be
recharged in the cycle for each succeeding stroke.
Subclass:
371
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus
comprising means to store some of the energy available to
activate or output from the motor means during part of the
time while the motor working member is in motion whereby said
stored energy may be released to motivate the working member
during another part of the time when it is in motion.
Subclass:
372
This subclass is indented under subclass 371. Apparatus
wherein the energy resulting from the gravitational force on
the load is stored during a part of the cycle of operation of
the motor means for release to aid in the activation of the
working member during another part of the cycle of operation
of the motor.
Subclass:
373
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus
having means controlling a pump and/or a motor means whereby
the stroke of a motor working member is caused to change in
length from one stroke to another.
Subclass:
374
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus
having a plurality of fluid motor output means wherein the
cyclic movement of one is coordinated with the cyclic
movement of another.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 170, for fluid motors
having relatively movable working members with one having
motive fluid controlled by, moveably interconnected with or
moved by another.
Subclass:
375
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus
having a plurality of motive fluid pressurizing means
operable in concert or individually to motivate the output
means of a fluid motor.
Subclass:
376
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus
having means to cause the speed of the working member of the
output motor means to cyclically vary in its cycle of
operation either before or after it has begun to do work but
subsequent to the activation of the means provided to
initiate operation of the apparatus in the first instance.
Subclass:
377
This subclass is indented under subclass 376. Apparatus
wherein the output motor delay is caused to occur at that
point in the cycle of its operation between the point where
the work stroke of the motor working members has been
completed and the return stroke of the working member is
begun.
Subclass:
378
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus
having means accommodating the motive fluid required for
efficient operation of the apparatus such as, means to purge
the motive fluid of excess fluid air or other ingredients,
means to attenuate shocks or surges in the motive fluid, or
means to manage from the motive fluid system of motive fluid
in system.
Subclass:
379
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus
wherein control of the motive fluid may be usurped from the
motive fluid control means which causes the motor means to
operate cyclically by a means either responsive to a
predetermined condition being sensed or by means for manual
take-over of the cyclic or other motive fluid control means
to actively control the motor actuation.
(1) Note. Manual means to merely activate or stop the motor
means, even if means are provided to return the motor means
to a retracted or some other predetermined position when a
manual stop means is activated, is not included under this
definition.
Subclass:
380
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus in
which a working member of the motor means operates from a
given position through a forward stroke and a return stroke
to the starting position, the motor having control means
which when operated causes the working member to move through
the forward and return stroke and then stop even though the
control means is maintained in the operated position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
368 for devices which control motor operation upon sensing a
predetermined number of output strokes of the motor.
Subclass:
381
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus
wherein the motive fluid is pressurized by a variable
displacement pump means which is controlled in response to a
sensed condition of the motive fluid or to the position of
the motor means activated by said motive fluid.
Subclass:
382
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Apparatus
wherein the pump displacement is controlled through a cam or
gear means actuated by the end directly and responsive to the
position of the motor means.
Subclass:
383
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus
having means either in the form of pump control means, motive
fluid flow control means to the motor, motor exhaust control
or other means to cause the output speed of the motor to be
varied during its normal cyclic operation.
(1) Note. Means provided to cause a reciprocating motor to
gradually decelerate and/or accelerate at the end of the
stroke are included in this subclass.
Subclass:
384
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
including a source of pressurized motive fluid for driving an
output motor and having a distinct expansible chamber device:
(1) in series with the output motor actuating a control
terminating the flow of motive fluid when it has passed a
selected volume of fluid; (2) in series with the output motor
establishing the rate of flow through the motor by externally
operating the displacement device to pass fluid at a selected
rate; or (3) connected to be driven by the output motor to
measure the movement of the motor, the displaced liquid
actuating a means controlling operation of the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 388, for an
expansible chamber motor having a fluid operated feedback to
the motive fluid controller responsive to the working member
position.
Subclass:
385
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
including a source of motive fluid, an output motor, a
reversible servo-motor controlling the flow of motive fluid
to the output motor and a reversible manually operated pump
that supplies actuating fluid to drive the servo-motor.
Subclass:
386
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Apparatus in
which the output of the manually operated pump is supplied to
and drives the output motor in the absence of input from the
source of motive fluid.
Subclass:
387
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
having means whereby the motive fluid may be pressurized or
transmitted to or admitted to the motor means in
volumetrically definable charges which may be varied in
magnitude at will to produce a predetermined increment of
movement of the motor output member.
Subclass:
388
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
having output motor; an externally operated manipulator means
movable over a range for causing the motor to position an
output member in a corresponding position along a selected
path or in a selected area; and an electrical or mechanical
connection between the output member and the manipulator
correcting any discrepancy between the position assigned by
the manipulator and that attained by the output.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
384 for a system in which a fluid means measures the
movement of the output and gives a feedback to the motor
controller.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 358, for a motor having
working member position feedback to the motive fluid
controller.
172, Earth Working, subclass 465, for an earth working tool
having a tool lifting motor with follow-up controls.
180, Motor Vehicles, 132 for a motor vehicle provided with
steering gear of the fluid power assist type, which may
involve feedback.
Subclass:
389
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Apparatus in
which the manipulated output motor is an auxiliary that
positions a displacement adjustor of a main pump or motor.
Subclass:
390
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Apparatus in
which electrical means are used in the discrepancy sensing
linkage.
Subclass:
391
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Apparatus in
which movement of the manipulator initiates the delivery of
motive fluid to the output motor from a variable displacement
pump by changing the displacement from zero, the linkage from
the output member returning the displacement to zero upon the
attainment of the selected position.
Subclass:
392
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Apparatus in
which movement of the manipulator moves one surface of a
valving means to initiate flow of motive fluid to the output
motor, the movement of the output motor to its selected
position moving or carrying the other surface of the valving
means to a position stopping the flow of motive fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 374, for a motor having
working member feedback to motive fluid control having plural
movable valve parts.
Subclass:
393
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
including an attendant actuated controller biased in one
direction and having structure by which a force indicative of
a motor condition or motor pressure reacts on the controller
usually to give the operator a feel of the load on the
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 385, for a motor having
a working member position feedback to motive fluid control
having a bias type of input and feedback signal means.
Subclass:
394
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
whereby the time in which, or length of time taken to perform
an operation is controlled.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
376 for a self-cycling reciprocating output system having a
timer or time delay means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 35, for a motor
controlled by a timer, delay, pattern or cyclic control.
417, Pumps, subclass 12, for the control of a pump motor by a
timer or delay means.
Subclass:
395
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus in
which the difference between (A) criteria or condition of a
motor, pump, motor-pump system, or another self-sufficient
device, a condition of a motive fluid in said motor, pump or
motor-pump system, or a means driven by said motor, and (B)
the criteria or condition of a comparable functional
counterpart of a separate motor, pump, motor-pump system or
separate self-sufficient device, its output or motive fluid,
is continuously or intermittently detected whereby a means
responsive to the detected difference acts to control the
motor, pump, etc., in a sense or direction to decrease the
difference.
Subclass:
396
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
having an internal combustion engine as a part of the
pressure fluid source and which uses in its operation the
lubricant, cooling fluid, or combustion air of the engine or
which drives the system pump by the starter motor of the
engine.
Subclass:
397
This subclass is indented under subclass 396. Apparatus in
which air is withdrawn from the output motor by the suction
of the intake manifold of the engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclass,
in which the motive fluid is moved through the motor by a
nominal "internal combustion engine having an intake
manifold." See (4) Note, B, (1) e of the class definition of
Class 92.
Subclass:
398
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus
physically related to some feature of the earth or in which
pressure or kinetic energy of nature energizes motive fluid.
(1) Note. This subclass includes devices providing a head
of liquid that furnishes pressurized motive fluid to a
motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
495 for a motor driven by a buoyant working member;
639 for a motor actuated by accumulating and dumping liquid
or fluent material;
641 for a device in which natural heat energizes motive
fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, 2.1, for a rotary
kinetic fluid motor* or pump* with means for controlling
casing* or flow guiding means in response to natural fluid
current force or direction.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), subclass 6,
for an impeller driven by waves or impulses and subclasses
9+, for an unencased impeller adjustable in a fluid current.
417, Pumps, 330, for a pump driven by a tide or wave motor;
334+, for a pump driven by a fluid current motor; and 337,
for a pump driven by a buoyant motor.
Subclass:
399
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus in
which a precedent condition must be sensed or indicated as
satisfied to permit the operator to change the operative
state of the system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
368 for a system controlled by a programmer to provide a
series of operations in a desired order.
Subclass:
400
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
having a manual energy input and a nonmanual energy input.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
428 for a system having an automatic control means and a
plurality of separately operable pumps or other pressure
fluid sources.
486 for a residual system having plural energy input means.
Subclass:
401
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus
having structure by which the manual energy means may be
mechanically linked to the output member to move it by direct
mechanical action.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 391, for a
motor having means for alternative manual manipulation of the
load.
100, Presses, 269.01, for a reciprocating press having fluid
pressure actuation combined with mechanical actuation.
Subclass:
402
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Apparatus in
which the output means is moved by a motor supplied with
motive fluid from a manually driven pump and from a separate
power driven pump.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
386 for a system in which a manual pump driving a control
actuating servo-motor furnishes the motive fluid to drive the
main motor when the main pump is inactive.
Subclass:
403
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus with
(1) means that reacts to a condition of the system produced
by breakage, plugging, or mechanical failure of an element;
or to power failure, and exerts a control that tends to
lessen an undesirable effect of the malfunction or power
failure; or (2) distinct, normally inactive means operable to
lessen harmful effects of malfunction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
399 for a system in which unsafeness, unreadiness, or
disarray prevents a manual change of the operative state of
the system.
400 for a system operable selectively by power or manual
energy inputs.
459 for a system having a safety valve relieving excessive
pressure.
Subclass:
404
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Apparatus
including structure holding a standby reserve of energy that
is released upon sensed malfunction of the normal energy
supply means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
408 for a pneumatic system in which expansible fluid is
alternately compressed into a storage reservoir and expanded
from the reservoir to run a motor.
413 for a system having structure controlling the release of
stored work driving energy.
Subclass:
405
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Apparatus
comprising (1) an output motor, (2) one source of motive
fluid for normally driving the motor, (3) a second source of
motive fluid; and (4) a means responsive to a failure of the
first source of motive fluid feeding motive fluid from the
second source to the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
386 for a system in which a manual pump driving a control
actuating servo-motor furnishes the power to drive the main
motor when the main motive fluid pump is inactive.
Subclass:
406
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Apparatus in
which an output means is locked, braked, released or moved to
and retained in a desired position responsive to power
failure, or loss of motive fluid supply or pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
460 for a system having a holding or braking valve in the
exhaust line effective upon discontinuance of motor feed
pressure to lock the motor in position.
Subclass:
407
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus in
which a gas is the motive fluid driving the motor and in
which the gas is supplied to or removed from the motor by a
pump or some other structure that is more than a mere feed or
discharge line.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
370 for an air driven self-cycling stroke device.
397 for a motor driven by the air being drawn into the
intake of an internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
408
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Apparatus
having a storage vessel serving as the gas supply or removal
device and a unit usable as either a motor or as a pump, the
unit at one time serving to charge the vessel and, at another
time being driven as a motor by gas from the charged storage
vessel.
Subclass:
409
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Apparatus with
structure sensing an external condition or a condition of the
apparatus and controlling the apparatus.
Subclass:
410
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Apparatus in
which an element of the apparatus is actuated responsive to a
change in a condition in or of a vessel in which a store of
gas under pressure or vacuum is selectively accumulated or
released.
Subclass:
411
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Apparatus in
which the suction on one side of a motor element having
atmospheric pressure on the other is controlled in response
to a sensed condition.
Subclass:
412
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Apparatus in
which the gas supply or removal device is a pump.
Subclass:
413
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
including structure that stores energy to be used to move the
load and a manual or condition responsive means (1)
controlling the input of energy to the storage means or (2)
controlling the discharge of energy from the storage
structure to the output motor of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
404 for a system having a stand-by stored energy means
activated responsive to malfunction or power failure.
469 for structure accommodating pressure or volume surges
that does not have means controlling the input or discharge
from the structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 5, for an
expansible chamber motor having as a part thereof a storage
chamber that holds only a sufficient quantity of motive fluid
for one stroke and that must be recharged for each succeeding
stroke and subclasses 361+, for an expansible chamber motor
having an electrical working member position feedback to
motive fluid control.
Subclass:
414
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Apparatus so
arranged that energy taken from the output in reducing its
speed, lowering its load or resisting over-run is
controllably stored for future use.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
408 for a system using air as the motive fluid and having a
convertible motor-pump device selectively charging or being
driven by gas from a storage vessel.
Subclass:
415
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Apparatus in
which a store of compressed gas is produced by a pump acting
on the gas or in which the storage vessel is charged with
compressed gas from an external source.
Subclass:
416
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Apparatus
having more than one accumulator.
Subclass:
417
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Apparatus
including a storage vessel for compressed gas and a motive
liquid pump both arranged to deliver motive liquid to an
output motor; and a manual or automatic controller that
selects the energizer or combination of energizers to produce
both a rapid and a slow movement in a stroke operation such
as a slow press and rapid retraction or a rapid advance to
contact the work and a slow press.
Subclass:
418
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Apparatus
including a means sensing a condition of an accumulator or of
a fluid in the accumulator and exerting a control.
Subclass:
419
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus in
which a pump that furnishes pressurized fluid to an output
motor is driven at least in part by a motor operated by
pressurized fluid of the system.
Subclass:
420
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
having a plurality of separately operable motors, motor
pistons, motor rotors or means delivering energy externally
of the apparatus and including a control for the apparatus
responsive to a condition of the system or to an external
condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
340 for a coaxial impeller and turbine system in which
plural turbines drive relatively movable output members.
374 for a self-cycling system having a plurality of
correlated independently movable output members.
Subclass:
421
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Apparatus
including plural motive fluid generating pumps and plural
output motors and in which an externally operated multiway
valve or a valve network controlling motive fluid flow
provides for different interconnections of the pumps and
motors.
Subclass:
422
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Apparatus with
selectively operable motors and including means responsive to
a condition of the apparatus that insures that the demand for
motive fluid of a favored one of or group of motors of the
plurality of motors is satisfied before any of the motive
fluid from the generator is fed to any less favored motor.
Subclass:
423
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Apparatus
including manually or automatically operable structure for
controlling or providing for the reversing operation of a
motor driving a power input pump.
Subclass:
424
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Apparatus in
which motor means are connected in series in one condition of
operation and in which the control means is effective to open
a by-pass around one of the motor means or to cause one of
the motors to be connected in parallel with another to serve
as a by-pass for the other.
Subclass:
425
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Apparatus
having an output member, a plurality of motors or motor
sections and a condition responsive means that in response to
the sensed condition, makes all or less than all of the motor
or motor sections effective in driving the output member.
Subclass:
426
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Apparatus in
which one motor or motor section is modulated or actuated
separately from a second motor or motor section by a means
sensing the speed, pressure in, or position of the second
motor or motor section, or the relative condition of the
sections.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 511, for plural motors
the motive fluid for one working member being controlled
responsive to a condition relating to another.
Subclass:
427
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Apparatus
including an external control means for selecting or
controlling one or several of the plurality of motors
separately from others of the plurality.
Subclass:
428
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
including plural motive fluid pressurizing structures or
pressure fluid sources including one, the delivery or output
of which may be varied relative to that of another; the
apparatus including a means responsive to a condition of the
apparatus or to an external condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
375 for plural correlated pumps in a system including a
self-cycling reciprocating output device.
402 for a system in which separate manual and motor driven
pumps supply motive fluid to the output motor.
405 for a system in which a standby motive fluid supply
means takes the load responsive to the failure of the main
supply means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, appropriate subclass for the condition responsive
control of a pump system.
Subclass:
429
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Apparatus
including a multiway valve that is externally manipulated to
provide different operative relationships of the pressurizing
means or pressure sources.
Subclass:
430
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Apparatus in
which the relationship of the plural pump or source means to
each other is changed by a means sensing a change in pressure
or volume in a part of the apparatus.
Subclass:
431
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
including a prime mover driving a motive fluid pump, there
being a control in the apparatus (1) responding to a change
in a condition of energization of, or of the feed to the
prime mover; or (2) effecting a control of the feed to or
energization of the prime mover.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
405 for a safety system in which a second motive fluid
supply means takes the load responsive to the failure of the
first.
423 for a system of plural motors with an automatic control
including means for controlling a drive of the motive fluid
pump.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, 1, for a pump having a condition responsive
control of the pump drive motor.
Subclass:
432
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Apparatus in
which energy input to a motive fluid energizing pump is
initiated by an externally operated means and terminated by a
means sensing that the stroke device has reached a selected
position in its stroke.
Subclass:
433
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
including means for pressurizing motive fluid the arrangement
having structure interlinking or correlating the actuation of
a motive fluid flow control element and a controller of the
pressurizing means.
Subclass:
434
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Apparatus in
which the control means for a motor driving a motive fluid
generating pump is connected for actuation along with a
motive fluid flow controller that positions a stroke device.
Subclass:
435
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
including a releasable device for mechanically securing
together or resisting relative movement of two parts of the
power train of the apparatus or for mechanically connecting
an output member to an input member for direct drive of the
output.
(1) Note. A brake or clutch that is operated by the output
member of the pressure fluid source motor system is regarded
as merely a nominal load for the system and does not make the
organization classifiable in this subclass.
(2) Note. A clutch connecting a prime mover to a motive
fluid pump has been treated as part of a means controlling
input to the pump. See subclasses 423, 431, 433+, etc.
(3) Note. In the absence of a significant pump or other
pressure fluid source the combination of a fluid motor and a
clutch or brake device is classifiable in Class 91 or 192 in
accordance with the line established between these classes by
the search notes in Class 91, subclass 41. It is noted that
a pump and turbine making up a vortex flow device combined
with a brake or clutch, is classified as indicated in the
search notes to subclass 330.
Subclass:
436
This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Apparatus
including structure by which an actuator controlling the
device and structure controlling motive fluid flow are caused
to move together or in a fixed relationship.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 41, for a motor with
correlated control of motive fluid and locking means.
Subclass:
437
This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Apparatus in
which the device includes means by which an input drive
member may be directly connected to mechanically drive the
output structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
401 for a system having selecting or simultaneous fluid
motor and direct manual drive of the output.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 391, for a
motor with alternative actuation of the load.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclass 3.32, for a
vortex-flow drive and clutch providing alternative fluid and
direct drive of the output.
Subclass:
438
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Apparatus in
which the direct connection is made responsive to a condition
of operation without manual intervention.
Subclass:
439
This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Apparatus
including a motive fluid control member in the assembly that
can rotate independently of the pump or motor of the system
and its rotation being controlled by a clutch or brake device
attached to the frame to permit or prevent rotation, the
release or immobilization of the member being effective to
change the speed ratio of the pump to the motor or to reverse
the direction of the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
341 for a coaxial impeller turbine unit having a brake or
clutch controlling movement of a flow guide located in the
impeller turbine flow path.
Subclass:
440
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Apparatus in
which the device controlling the rotation of the
independently rotatable member is controlled by a condition
sensor or comprises a one way brake or clutch.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
343 for a condition responsive brake controlling the
movement of an intermediate flow guide in a coaxial impeller
turbine unit.
Subclass:
441
This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Apparatus in
which the device is actuated by structure responsive to an
external condition, a condition of the system or a position
of an element of the system.
Subclass:
442
This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Apparatus in
which the device secures an output device against movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406 for a system that locks the output means responsive to
breakage, plugging, mechanical failure or power failure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 41, for a motor with
correlated control of motive fluid and mechanical locking
means.
Subclass:
443
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus in
which the displacement of the input pump or output motor of a
pressure fluid source-motor system is adjusted by an
externally operated servo-motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
389 for a displacement controlling servo-motor having
feedback linkage to the manipulating lever.
Subclass:
444
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Apparatus in
which the servo-motor has an external source of operating
fluid or an auxiliary pump so that it is independent of the
operation of the controlled pump or motor.
Subclass:
445
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
having means by which the amount of motive fluid displaced
for each stroke or revolution of a pump or motor device can
be adjusted and having structure sensing a condition or
position controlling the adjusting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
423 for a system in which variable delivery to a motor is
produced by automatically combining in different ways the
outputs of plural pumps or pump sections.
Subclass:
446
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Apparatus in
which the displacement adjusted is that of the pump and the
adjustment means is responsive to the position of a motor
element or of an output member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
381 for a condition or position responsive control of pump
displacement in a self-cycling reciprocating output device.
391 for a system in which the displacement controller of a
pump is moved a selected distance from "no delivery" to start
a stroke of selected length and moved back to "no delivery"
by a linkage to the motor or output when the selected stroke
has been completed.
Subclass:
447
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Apparatus in
which the displacement controller of the motive fluid pump or
motor is driven by an adjunctive fluid motor receiving its
pressurized fluid from an adjunctive constant displacement
pump, the output of which is directly proportional to its
speed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
444 for a system in which the displacement is adjusted by a
manually controlled servo-motor.
Subclass:
448
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Apparatus in
which the controlling structure is actuated by a sensor
measuring the rotary speed of a rotary output motor.
Subclass:
449
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Apparatus in
which the controlling structure is actuated by a sensor
measuring the rotary speed of a rotary input pump or of an
input prime mover driving the input pump.
Subclass:
450
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Apparatus in
which a pressure actuated displacement controller responds to
a pressure directly established by a means restricting the
flow of motive fluid in a motor feed or discharge line.
Subclass:
451
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Apparatus in
which the displacement varying structure responds to changes
in the twisting force of the motor or to pressure of motive
fluid being removed from the motor.
Subclass:
452
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Apparatus
including a variable displacement pump the displacement of
which is controlled by structure responsive to the pump
discharge pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, 212 for a pump having a condition responsive
displacement adjusting means.
Subclass:
453
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
including structure for the separation or absorption of
entrained impurities from the motive fluid; for discharging
such impurities from the system; or for cleaning a part of
the system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
336 for a coaxial impeller and turbine unit having
filtering, deaerating, cleaning or bleeding structure; and
378 for a cyclically operating reciprocating stroke device
having purging structure.
Subclass:
454
This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Apparatus in
which the structure separates a solid impurity from a motive
liquid.
Subclass:
455
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
including structure for collecting motive fluid leaking or
escaping through a seal or passing through an intended fluid
retaining part of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
378 for a cyclically operating reciprocating output device
having a leakage collector.
Subclass:
456
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus with
(1) distinct structure for lubricating a part of the
apparatus; or (2) distinct structure for cooling motive fluid
or a part of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
329 for a system having a condition responsive control of
the temperature of the motive fluid;
337 for a coaxial impeller and turbine unit having heating
or cooling means;
339 for a coaxial impeller and turbine unit having
lubricating means; and
396 for a system using a part of the lubricant or cooling
fluid of an internal combustion engine as motive fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
165, Heat Exchange, appropriate subclass, for a heat
exchanger, per se.
184, Lubrication, appropriate subclass, for a lubricating
system, per se.
417, Pumps, subclass 228 for the condition responsive
control of the lubricant or coolant of a pump, per se.
Subclass:
457
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus that
is foldable to a collapsed position and having valving means
in the joints used in folding the device that are closed by
the folding to hold the motive liquid in place in the
collapsed apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, subclass 58.1 for a
knockdown expansible chamber device.
Subclass:
458
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
having means designed to facilitate the removal, replacement
or repair of a part of the apparatus.
Subclass:
459
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
having structure sensing a condition of the apparatus or an
external condition and effecting a control of a flow or
condition of the motive fluid of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
369 in which motive fluid is controlled to produce an
oscillating or reciprocating cycle of a stroke device;
403 for a system with means responsive to breakage,
plugging, mechanical failure or power failure;
420 for a condition responsive control in a system having
plural motors;
428 for a condition responsive control in a system having
plural pumps; and
431 for the joint control of motive fluid flow and of the
input to a motor driving the pump.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 392 for a motor with a
working member responsive motive fluid control means; and
418, for a motor having a motive fluid control valve.
417, Pumps, 279 for a pump with condition responsive pumped
fluid control.
Subclass:
460
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Apparatus that
controls a valve restricting or preventing exhaust from a
motor and said valve being responsive to the pressure of
motive fluid being fed to the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 404 for a motor having
an exhaust valve controlled responsive to the working member
position.
Subclass:
461
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Apparatus
including a flow directing or modulating means controlling
the flow of motive fluid being removed from an expansible
chamber of a stroke device during its contraction; said means
being responsive to a condition of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 420 for a
motor in which the exhaust valve of the contracting chamber
is controlled by the expanding chamber pressure or flow.
Subclass:
462
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Apparatus
including a stroke type motor having an externally operated
multiway valve for manipulating the device, and a device
controlling flow of motive fluid in the apparatus responsive
to a condition of the apparatus resulting from an external
adjustment of the valve.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
392 for a system in which a follow up linkage from the
output motor or member closes an externally opened valve.
Subclass:
463
This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Apparatus in
which the externally operated multiway valve is actuated by a
means sensing a condition of a substance or structure that is
not a part of the means supplying motive fluid of the motor,
or of the interconnecting lines.
Subclass:
464
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Apparatus in
which condition responsive structure controls the supply of
motive fluid to or its discharge from a recirculating system
made up of a pump, a motor and interconnecting flow lines;
the transferred motive fluid being taken from or supplied to
a reservoir out of the recirculating path.
Subclass:
465
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Apparatus in
which the displacement of a variable displacement pump or
motor is set by external means and flow of motive fluid in
the apparatus is controlled by a means sensing a condition of
the apparatus resulting from the external adjustment of the
displacement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
389 for a displacement controller positioned by a
servo-motor having follow-up linkage assuming full range
correspondence of the displacement adjuster and the manually
set actuator;
443 for a servo-motor setting a displacement controller;
445 for a condition responsive displacement adjuster; and
487 for a system with no automatic control having a manual
displacement adjuster.
Subclass:
466
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Apparatus
having a means sensing the pressure or rate of flow of motive
fluid in a motor discharge line and effective to shut-off or
restrict the discharge of the fluid from the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
460 for a holding or braking valve in a motor exhaust line
controlled by the pressure in the motive feed line;
461 for a system in which the discharge from the contracting
cylinder of a double acting motor is controlled.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 47 for a
motor having constantly applied motive fluid with controlled
venting; and 404+ for a motor having a working member
position exhaust control.
188, Brakes, 293 for a brake driven in which the braked
element drives a pump forcing brake fluid through a
restriction.
Subclass:
467
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Apparatus
including a motor moving an output device along a path, there
being structure that diverts the motive fluid driving the
motor back to a container from which the motive fluid
pressurizer is supplied upon the output device reaching a
selected point in its path.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 400 for a motor in
which the expanding chamber is vented responsive to the
position of the working member of the motor or of the
output.
Subclass:
468
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Apparatus in
which the flow of motive fluid through a passage by-passing a
motor, pump or restriction in a motor feed or discharge line
is controlled by a condition responsive means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
424 for serially connected motors one of which has an
automatically controlled bypass; and
456 for a bypass arrangement including cooling structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 399, 400+, and
407 for motors having bypasses responsive to the position of
the working member.
137, Fluid Handling, 108 for a self controlled branched flow
system.
417, Pumps, 307 for a pump having a pressure responsive
relief or by pass valve.
Subclass:
469
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus with
a structure (1) ameliorating or suppressing the efforts of
shock or vibration, (2) preventing sudden movement or release
of pressure or load or (3) controlling noise or sticking.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
338 for a coaxial impeller and turbine unit having shock,
vibration or surge control structure;
371 for a resilient means storing and releasing energy in
the cycled reciprocation of a stroke device;
413 for a structure for controllably storing and
subsequently releasing of energy; and
461 for automatic means controlling the discharge from the
contracting cylinder often to prevent chattering, jumping or
shock.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 399, for a
double acting motor cushioned at the end of a stroke by the
opening of a bypass between the expanding and contracting
chamber; subclasses 405+, for a working member position
responsive cushioning valve in a motor exhaust; and
subclasses 429 and 430, for a motor having an anti-sticking
motive fluid control valve.
417, Pumps, subclass 312, for a pump with a muffler acting on
the pump fluid.
Subclass:
470
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
including structure controlling flow of motive fluid between
a pressure fluid source and an output device to move the
output member between plural positions, the structure
comprising a multiway valve or a system of valves
mechanically or electrically interlinked for correlated
action under the control of an operator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
388 for a motor positioning manipulator with a feedback
linkage providing full range correspondence of the position
of the manipulating handle and the output.
393 for a system having structure to impress a feel of the
load or pressure in the motor on the manipulating handle to
give a feel of the load.
429 for an automatic system having a multiway valve changing
the relationship of separately operable input pumps.
434 for a system in which a pump drive controller is
connected for joint operation with the valve manipulating
handle.
462 for a stroke device controlled by an externally operated
multiway valve and that has condition responsive structure.
463 for a system in which a multiway valve manipulating a
stroke device is responsive to an external condition.
Subclass:
471
This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Apparatus
including (1) two outputs one of which may operate separately
from the other or in a diverse manner; or (2) two distinctly
identifiable outputs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
421 for a system having automatic control means in which a
manually operated multiway valve selects various combinations
of plural pumps or motive fluid sources.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 508 for a motor system
having plural working members and a single member that
selectively controls the motive fluid for each working
member.
Subclass:
472
This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Apparatus in
which the output member is carried by two opposed expansible
chamber devices mechanically connected thereto; the
connection being such that an increase in pressure in one
chamber moves the output member in the opposite direction
from that caused by an increase of pressure in the other
chamber and the control structure acting to select the
chamber to which pressure fluid is supplied.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 462 for a double
acting motor with a motive fluid control valve arrangement.
Subclass:
473
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
including a single to and fro output member driven by opposed
expansible chambers and a pump for transferring motive fluid
from one chamber to the other, to drive the output.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
369 for a reciprocating output driven in a repeating cycle
by opposed expansible chambers.
Subclass:
474
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Apparatus in
which the pump moves the piston in one direction only, its
return being produced by gravity or stored energy and
controlled by a valve or restriction means adjusting the rate
of flow of motive fluid between the chambers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
461 for a double acting motor having a condition responsive
valve controlling the discharge from the exhausting
expansible chamber.
Subclass:
475
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Apparatus in
which fluid is moved between two cylinders, one of which is
increased in size while the other is decreased in the to and
fro operation of an output member, the system having a
structure that compensates for the difference in volume of
the two cylinders or which corrects for any unbalance caused
by leakage between parts of the system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 463 for a
double acting motor with means to provide unequal flow rates
to or from opposed working chambers.
Subclass:
476
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Apparatus with
means by which the pump or its delivery may be reversed to
reverse the direction of movement of the to and fro device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
472 for a double acting motor manipulated by a multiway
valve means or by interconnected control elements that
control the flow between the opposed chambers.
Subclass:
477
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
comprising an output motor of the piston-cylinder type, the
motor being caused to produce a pull or thrust by pumping
motive liquid from a reservoir into or from the cylinder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
369 for a cyclically operated reciprocating ram.
387 for a ram with distinct structure metering and
dispensing a stroke length determining volume of motive
fluid.
432 for a ram device in which the motor driving the motive
fluid pump is deactivated responsive to the position of the
ram.
437 for a ram device in which one side of the piston is the
reservoir from which motive fluid is pumped to the power
cylinder.
462 for a ram having coordinated manual and automatic
controls.
467 for a ram cylinder opened to exhaust or reaching the end
of its stroke.
470 for a ram controlled by an externally operated multiway
valve or interconnected control elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling
Force, subclass 93 for a pushing or pulling implement
including a ram driven by fluid pressure.
Subclass:
478
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Apparatus
having structure by which motive liquid in the reservoir is
kept at a pressure above or below atmosphere or has distinct
structure providing for the flow of air into or out of the
reservoir as the volume of liquid in the reservoir varies.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
464 for an arrangement in which a compressed gas accumulator
supplies energy to the body of motive fluid driving the
motor.
Subclass:
479
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Apparatus with
structure by which the amount of motive fluid discharged from
a pump means toward the ram for each revolution of the pump
or for each equal length stroke of a pump handle may be
selected or adjusted.
Subclass:
480
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Apparatus in
which the ram is made up of concentric cylinders that move
axially relative to each other under the pressure of the
pumped fluid.
Subclass:
481
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Apparatus in
which the fluid pump into the ram is retained therein by
structure that must be released or by-passed manually for
retraction of the ram.
Subclass:
482
This subclass is indented under subclass 481. Apparatus
having a common handle for actuating the pump and the ram
release structure.
Subclass:
483
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus in
which a plurality of motors, motive sections or motor
cylinders are arranged to rotate a common shaft, and having
manually operable means to modify the relative operation of
the motors, motive sections, or motor cylinders relative to
each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
425 for a condition responsive means establishing the number
of motors or motor sections driving a common output.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 476 for a rotary
output device driven by three or nine cylinders with separate
motive fluid control of the delivery of motive fluid from a
nominal source to each working chamber.
Subclass:
484
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
which the energy put into apparatus from the pressure fluid
source is discharged from the system by more than one means;
e.g., plural motors, a motor and a pressure line, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
374 for correlated independently movable output member in a
cyclically operable stroke cycle.
419 for a system including an output motor and a motor
driven by the motive fluid driving a pump raising the
pressure of the motive fluid in a branch line.
420 for a system of distinct or separately operable outputs
or drive units including a condition responsive control.
471 for a system of plural motors including a ram device
manipulated by a multiway valve or interconnected control
elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 508 for a system of
plural expansible chamber motors with a merely nominal source
of motive fluid.
105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 96.2 for railway
rolling stock having a fluid transmission driving a wheel or
axle.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 308 for a motor vehicle which
includes a traction motor of the kind driven by a
noncompressible fluid received under pressure from a pump and
wherein each surface-engaging member which is powered for
driving the vehicle is provided with such a motor.
Subclass:
485
This subclass is indented under subclass 484. Apparatus
having a pump as the pressure fluid source and two rotary
motors, the motors being coaxial and the pump and two motors
being in the form of a compact unitary assembly.
Subclass:
486
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus in
which (1) there are plural pressure sources, (2) in which the
pressure source includes separately operable pump means; or
(3) a pump means driven by separately operable energy input
devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
375 for correlated power input pumps and/or pressurized
fluid cyclically operated in driving a reciprocating stroke
device.
386 for a power boosted manual pump system.
397 for a motor operated by the intake manifold of an
internal combustion engine with a means for furnishing extra
energy to the motor.
400 for a system having selective or simultaneous manual or
power energy inputs.
405 for a safety system in which a second motive fluid
supply means takes the load responsive to the failure of a
first supply means.
413 for a system with means for controllable feeding stored
energy to the motor.
419 for a system in which motive fluid in the system is
pressurized by a pump driven by the motive fluid of the
system.
421 for a system with an automatic control including plural
motors and plural pumps or motive fluid sources with
relationships selected by a multiway valve.
428 for a system of separately operable power input pumps,
pump cylinders or pressure fluid sources that has automatic
control means.
444 for a system including a nonpower pump supplying control
pressure to a displacement adjusting servo-motor.
447 for a system including a run-power pump supplying
pressure proportional to spread to a servo-motor controlling
the displacement of a power pump or output motor.
464 for an automatically controlled motive fluid
replenishing arrangement for a recirculating power pump and
motor loop.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, 199, for an assembly of diverse pumps; subclass
374, for motor driven pump having a manual or diverse drive;
and subclasses 426+, for plural pumps with individual or
relative control.
Subclass:
487
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
comprising a pump feeding a rotary motor, either the pump or
motor including externally settable internal structure by
which the amount of motive fluid moved therethrough on each
cycle or revolution may be selected or by which the direction
of flow therethrough may be reversed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
389 for a system in which a displacement adjuster is
positioned by a servo-motor having a feed-back linkage.
443 for a system in which a displacement adjuster is
positioned by a manually controlled servo-motor.
445 for a system in which a displacement adjuster is
positioned by a condition responsive means.
465 for a system having a manual displacement adjuster in
combination with a condition responsive motive fluid flow
controller.
Subclass:
488
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Apparatus
having an additional pump that delivers motive fluid from a
reservoir to replenish or augment the motive fluid being
circulated between the energy input pump and the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
455 for a system including structure for collecting
leakage.
464 for the automatic control of motive fluid transfer
between a reservoir and the recirculation path of a
pump-motor loop.
Subclass:
489
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Apparatus
having in addition to the displacement varying structure an
adjustable flow controlling means in a flow line of the
circuit including the rotary pump and motor.
Subclass:
490
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Apparatus in
which the displacements of both the motor and pump are
variable.
Subclass:
491
This subclass is indented under subclass 490. Apparatus
including a mechanism that simultaneously or in a desired
sequence adjusts the displacements of both the pump and the
motor.
Subclass:
492
This subclass is indented under subclass 491. Apparatus in
which both the pump and motor are of the swash plate type.
Subclass:
493
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
including a pump supplying motive fluid to a rotary motor and
having valve structure between the pump and motor to change
the direction of flow through the motor to reverse its
direction of rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
369 for a cyclically reversed to-and-fro stroke device.
472 for a valve means reversing the flow to and fro a stroke
type motor.
Subclass:
494
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus with
structure by which the flow of motive fluid may be adjustably
retarded or be apportioned between branches.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
459 for the condition responsive control of fluid flow.
470 for a multiway valve or interconnected control elements
reversing flow to, stopping and starting or by passing a
stroke type motor.
493 for a valve reversing flow from a pump to a reversible
rotary motor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 418 for an expansible
chamber motor with a motive fluid valve.
Subclass:
495
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus having a working member which may be made buoyant
or which is buoyant in a fluid and which may be caused to be
moved by the fluid, because of the difference in specific
gravity between the member and the fluid, to have a vertical
component of motion and thereby adapted to do work, through a
mechanical output means, either (1) because of a means which
may make said buoyant member more or less buoyant so that it
may be moved either against or by the pull of gravity in said
fluid, or (2) though its specific gravity remains constant,
the buoyant member may be given a vertical component of
motion as a result of the rise and fall of the surface of
said fluid.
(1) Note. The rise and fall of the surface of the buoying
fluid may be the result of a natural phenomenon or under the
control of other means.
(2) Note. The buoying fluid may exist in nature as a stream
or ocean, or it may be confined wholly within a container
wherein the flow to or from the container from any source of
supply may be controlled, or it may be partially confined in
a means which permits constant or controlled communication
with a naturally existing body of fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
398 for devices employing tide or wave actuated devices
which elevate or pressurize a fluid so that it may be usable
as a motive fluid to actuate a fluid motor.
495 for tide or wave motors combined with a spring or weight
motor to wind or supplement said spring or weight motor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
185, Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered, 27 for
motors in which kinetic energy is derived from the movement
of a mass by virtue of the effects of gravity.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, subclass 11, for fluid flow
regulators actuated by energy from a variation in buoyancy of
a body.
290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, subclass 53 for dynamos
including a tide or wave motor.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, for devices for and
methods of controlling water in open channels or reservoirs,
and 75 for means to modify fluid directing channel means for
the utilization of the water flowing therethrough to operate
some form of motor.
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, subclass 7 for
means buoyantly sustaining rotatable runner means in a
confined stream of liquid.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces, i.e., Impellers, subclass 84,
85+ for impellers which float and which operate by the impact
resulting from the horizontal waves or flow of an unconfined
stream of water.
417, Pumps, subclass 100 for liquid piston pumps operated by
tides or waves and 330+ for fluid pumps actuated by tide or
wave motors.
Subclass:
496
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Apparatus
wherein the working member may be actuated in a buoying fluid
by either adding to or withdrawing a substance from the
confines of said working member to change its specific
gravity relative to the fluid.
Subclass:
497
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Apparatus
having a buoyant working member which is actuated by the
vertical rise and fall of the surface of a body of fluid.
Subclass:
498
This subclass is indented under subclass 497. Apparatus
operable in a body of fluid whose surface rises and falls
both in cycles of short periods, e.g., ocean waves, and in
cycles of long periods, e.g., oceanic tides, said device
having separate means responsive to each of said cyclic
movements to cause said working member to move.
Subclass:
499
This subclass is indented under subclass 497. Apparatus
having means whereby mechanical work also may be produced
from the lateral movement of a flowing fluid or the lateral
movement of a wave on the surface of a body of fluid.
Subclass:
500
This subclass is indented under subclass 497. Apparatus
having at least two buoyant working members adapted to be
moved relative to one another by the vertical movement of the
surface of a body of fluid and said members being pivotally
interconnected to each other whereby mechanical work may be
performed as a result of the relative movement of said
members only.
(1) Note. Classification in this subclass includes only
those relatively movable interconnected buoyant members which
produce work because of their relative movement, per se. For
devices having relatively movable working members wherein
work is produced as a result of relative movement between one
or more of the working members and a stationary means secured
to or supported by the earth see subclass 504 or 505.
Subclass:
501
This subclass is indented under subclass 497. Apparatus
having a unitary buoyant member having means actuated in
response to the relative movement between said member and a
means supported entirely by said member.
(1) Note. The device may be in the form of a free hanging
weight carried within the buoyant member, or it may be a
means in the form of a sea anchor, or other means, which is
suspended from the member outside the member or in the fluid
(not in engagement with the earth) to dampen the movement of
the means given it by the member so that work may be produced
as a result of the relative movement between the member and
the means when the member is caused to change its vertical
position responsive to the vertical movement of the free
surface of the fluid.
Subclass:
502
This subclass is indented under subclass 497. Apparatus
together with at least one surface means which is designed to
(1) restrain, direct, or control the flow of a body of fluid
or a portion thereof or restrain or direct the movement of
waves traveling on the surface of said body of fluid, or (2)
confine a portion or all of a body of fluid so that the
surface of said fluid may change its vertical position.
Subclass:
503
This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Apparatus
having means whereby the fluid flow, the surface wave
movement or amplitude, or the volume of confined fluid may be
variably controlled.
Subclass:
504
This subclass is indented under subclass 497. Apparatus
having a flexible means which engages or is engaged by the
buoyant member to transmit motion of said member.
Subclass:
505
This subclass is indented under subclass 497. Apparatus
having a means supporting a plurality of buoyant working
members so that they may move relative to each other and to
the supporting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
500 for articulated buoyant working members.
504 for motors having a plurality of relatively moving
buoyant working members having flexible means to transmit the
motion of members.
Subclass:
506
This subclass is indented under subclass 497. Apparatus
wherein the buoyant working member is supported to pivot
about an axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
507 for other buoyant motors having one way clutch type
devices as part of the power transmission means.
Subclass:
507
This subclass is indented under subclass 497. Apparatus
having means to transmit movement of the buoyant working
member as it moves in one vertical direction and permit the
member to move free of the transmitting means as it moves in
another direction.
Subclass:
508
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a motor having a working chamber and a
working member therein with means affecting the temperature
and thus the pressure of fluid after being supplied to and
isolated within the working chamber to actuate the working
member.
(1) Note. The motor working chamber and member includes a
cylinder and piston or its equivalent.
(2) Note. See Class 92, Schedule, section II for a
definition of a working chamber and member for an expansible
chamber type motor.
(3) Note. See Class 415 for a definition of a Rotary
kinetic fluid motor.
(4) Note. An indeterminate motor (Black box) having
internal generation not classified elsewhere is classified
under this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
516 for motors activated by expanding and contracting a
confined mass by means changing the temperature of said
mass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal Combustion Engines, for motors wherein unburned
hydrocarbons are cyclically introduced into an expansible
chamber device, isolated therein and then ignited to increase
the pressure of said isolated material. See Class 123
subclass 22 for motors which may operate as an internal
combustion engine or a hot air motor, of the type herein
classified, alternating between the two modes of operation
either selectively or as the result of a predetermined cyclic
operation.
Subclass:
509
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Apparatus of a
motor whose working member is actuated after the introduction
of unburned vapors, of liquids other than water, into the
working chamber and the change in temperature and therefore
pressure of said vapors caused by vapor heating or cooling
means within said chamber.
Subclass:
510
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Apparatus of a
motor in which air and burning gases are admitted into the
working chamber wherein the combustible components of the air
are consumed or the hot products of combustion cooled so that
a vacuum is produced within the working chamber by the
resultant rarefied gases and the working member is actuated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
515 for a cooling jacket disposed about a cylinder with
means to control fluid flow through the jacket.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, for motors wherein,
cyclically, unburned hydrocarbons are introduced into an
expansible chamber device isolated therein and then ignited
to increase the pressure of the isolated material.
Subclass:
511
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Apparatus of a
motor comprising a working member and a working chamber
having a first fluid therein and means to introduce a second
fluid into said first fluid to produce a change in pressure
of said first fluid whereby the change in pressure actuates
the working member.
(1) Note. Usually water is injected into the working
chamber to condense steam therein and the resultant reduced
pressure actuates the working member due to a higher pressure
on the opposite side of the working member, usually
atmospheric pressure.
(2) Note. A fluid such as hot water or hot air may be
introduced into the working chamber to superheat the motive
fluid therein and the change in pressure actuates the working
member.
Subclass:
512
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Apparatus of a
motor with means located within the working chamber to change
the temperature of the working fluid subsequent to isolation
therein to affect the pressure of the fluid therein so that
the change in pressure produced thereby is utilized to
actuate the working member.
Subclass:
513
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Apparatus
wherein the means within the working chamber is a resistance
element heated by the passage of an electric current
therethrough to heat the working fluid therein and thus
increase the pressure of the working fluid.
(1) Note. The fluid within the working chamber may be air
or steam which is to be heated or superheated or the motive
fluid may be a liquid as water which is introduced into the
working chamber and instantaneously flashes into steam upon
contact with the electric coil or plate.
Subclass:
514
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Apparatus of a
motor comprising a working member and a working chamber
having liquid supplied thereto with means to vaporize the
liquid concurrently with its introduction into the working
chamber whereby the pressure produced actuates the working
member.
(1) Note. Two or more fluids may be introduced into a
preheated working chamber so long as at least one fluid is a
liquid to be vaporized (e.g., air and water, water vaporized;
oil and water, both vaporized).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
511 for motors wherein a second fluid is injected into a
working chamber having a first fluid therein to result in a
change in pressure in said chamber.
512 for means within the working chamber to affect the
pressure of the fluid therein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, for motors in which a
combustible material is burned with a chamber and the
pressure produced thereby is converted into work, and
subclass 22 for internal combustion engines having working
chamber into which air, per se, may be introduced and
expanded to do work as a result of its contact with the hot
walls of the chamber either as a step in the cycle of the
internal combustion engine chamber or during a time when the
chamber is converted to act as a hot air engine from internal
combustion engine operation.
Subclass:
515
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Apparatus of a
working chamber having means exterior of working chamber heat
exchange therebetween and means to control the rate of BTU
transfer to the chamber.
(1) Note. The means disposed exteriorly the working chamber
may include a jacket spaced from the working chamber or a
coil which may be an electrical resistance element or a pipe
having fluid flow therethrough for the purposes or heating or
cooling.
(2) Note. The control means includes a valve which controls
the flow of fluid through the jacket or coil or an electrical
control for the resistance.
(3) Note. A working chamber disposed within the furnace
chamber is properly classified under 515 where a control for
the furnace is disclosed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, subclass 144 for an
expansible chamber type motor in which the working chamber is
jacketed for heat transfer therebetween but where there is no
control valve for either the motor or the jacket fluid.
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 41, 72+ and 195
for a jacketed cylinder or end closure therefor for receiving
circulating heat exchange liquid to cool the operating parts
of an internal combustion engine. A specific disclosure that
a jacketed cylinder or end closure therefor is to form a part
of an internal combustion engine is sufficient for
classification in Class 123.
165, Heat Exchange, appropriate subclasses for a heat
exchange modifying space or jacket of general utility. Class
165 takes a nominally claimed cylinder or working chamber
forming member of an expansible chamber device, where the
claim is otherwise directed to a surrounding space or jacket
designed to modify the heat exchange properties of the
cylinder or member.
220, Receptacles, 592.01 for a receptacle having means to
maintain its contents above or below ambient temperature.
Subclass:
516
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus having means which may heat, cool or otherwise
cause a defined unit of matter as a working medium in the
gaseous liquid, or solid state to expand and contract
cyclically to do useful work.
(1) Note. The confined matter may change state during
expansion or contraction thereof.
(2) Note. The distinction between the plants in this
subclass and the plants in subclasses 508+, where a motive
fluid is introduced into an expansible chamber and heated or
cooled therein to expand or contract said chamber, is that in
the latter a definable mass is not isolated as a motive fluid
which is subject to heating and cooling and thus expansion
and contraction for more than one cycle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, subclass 6 for "Stirling" cycle
refrigeration producers, and subclasses 498+ for
compressor-condenser-evaporator circuits for refrigerator
producers.
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, subclass
68, for temperature regulators which include a thermal
expansion and contraction device whose operation is effected
by a heater set into operation by a heat responsive
initiator.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, subclass 11, for heat motor
actuated valves.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 100, for thermometers,
especially subclasses 187+ where an ambient temperature is
measured using a solid or fluid having known properties of
expansion or contraction in response to given changes in
temperature.
Subclass:
517
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Apparatus in
which the unit or working medium is a gas which is confined
to circulation between two communicating expansible chambers,
one of said expansible chambers is a working chamber wherein
said gas expands or contracts to energize a working member to
do useful work, and the other of the expansible chambers acts
as a displacer or transmitting means for said working
medium.
(1) Note. Engines which operate by the principle set forth
herein have been known variously as: Air Engine, Caloric
Engine, Compressor Engine, Compressed Air Engine, Hot Air
(Gas) Engine, Stirling Cycle Engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, subclass 6, for "Stirling Cycle"
refrigeration producers.
Subclass:
518
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Apparatus
having means to change the cyclic phase relationship between
the power or working member and the displacer mechanism.
Subclass:
519
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Apparatus in
which at least one of said expansible chambers is provided
with a member which either rotates or oscillates about an
axis so that said chamber either expands or contracts as a
result of motion of said member.
Subclass:
520
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Apparatus
wherein at least one of said expansible chambers is provided
with a piston which is freely movable therein, and without
connection to any other means, having the function to cause
the working medium to flow from that chamber to another of
the expansible chambers.
Subclass:
521
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Apparatus
having a particular means whereby gas may be added to or
withdrawn from the unit of gas employed as the working
medium.
Subclass:
522
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Apparatus
provided with means adapted to control the rate of flow of
said gas from one to another of the expansible chambers.
Subclass:
523
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Apparatus
wherein heat is supplied to one of said expansible chambers
as a result of the conversion of electric current to heat.
Subclass:
524
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Apparatus
having condition responsive or manually controlled means to
vary the temperature of a chamber in which the working gas is
heated or cooled.
Subclass:
525
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Apparatus
having more than one chamber in which expansion or
contraction of said gas is converted into useful work.
Subclass:
526
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Apparatus
having means in the path of flow of said working gas as it
passes back and forth from a cooling chamber to a heating
chamber whereby heat is removed from said gas as it passes
therethrough in one direction and then returns said heat to
said gas as it passes back through said means in the opposite
direction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, 115 for processes for compressing,
condensing and evaporating a refrigerant.
165, Heat Exchange, 4 for regeneration, per se.
Subclass:
527
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Apparatus
which the unit of matter is a solid.
(1) Note. This subclass includes patents which employ a
mass which is in a solid state during at least a portion of a
cycle of its operation. During other portions of the cycle
of its operation, a given mass (e.g., wax) may change to a
liquid state, or another mass (e.g., metallic hydride) may
change to a gaseous state.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 26
for magnetostrictive motors wherein a magnetic field is
employed to cause a material to expand and contract to do
work.
337, Electricity: Electrothermally or Thermally Actuated
Switches, 333 and 382+ for switches actuated by the
expansion or contraction of bimetallic or other metallic
members.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 187 for
temperature measurement in which the expansion or contraction
of a sensing material drives an indicator.
Subclass:
528
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Apparatus
wherein the solid is arranged to conduct an electrical
current whereby said solid may be made to expand or contract
in proportion to the current flow therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 117 for a
motor comprising a member that undergoes a substantial change
of shape when heated and means for heating it electrically.
Subclass:
529
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Apparatus in
which the mass consists of at least two interrelated pieces
of material each characterized by a different coefficient of
expansion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
528 for devices having bimetallic members through which an
electrical current is passed which either expands or
contracts because of the resistance to the flow of current
therethrough.
Subclass:
530
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Apparatus in
which the working medium is a liquid during at least a
portion of a complete cycle of the operation of the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
527 for apparatus employing a mass which is in a solid state
during a portion of its cyclic operation and which may or may
not change to a liquid state during another part of its
cyclic operation (e.g., wax).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
337, Electricity: Electrothermally or Thermally Actuated
Switches, 306 for switches actuated by thermally expanded or
vaporized fluid.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 201 for temperature
measurement in which an expanding or contracting fluid drives
an indicator.
Subclass:
531
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Apparatus
having means whereby said unit of matter is a fluid which is
vaporized so that through the device, work may be
accomplished.
Subclass:
532
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Subject matter
in which the input energy is transmitted to an output through
a mass of fluid in the form of a compressional wave or a
series of such waves moving at the speed of sound.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, 137 for a residual mechanical
sonic or supersonic generator for wave transmission through
media.
366, Agitating, appropriate subclass for a stirring or
agitating device utilizing a sonic or super sonic vibrator.
Subclass:
533
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
comprising (1) a system including structure to trap a
definite volume of motive fluid between two expansible
chamber devices for movement back and forth, one expansible
chamber device functioning as a transmitter or master to
pressurize the fluid and the other as a receiver or slave
actuatable in response to the pressurization of such fluid,
wherein any movement of a working member of one device
results in movement of the working member of the second
device and the systems provides (a) at least two different
cross-sectional areas through which the pressurized fluid
must pass or (b) the volumetric displacement of the master
and slave are unequal; or (2) subcombinations specialized to
such system not specifically classified elsewhere.
(1) Note. The output of the pulsator must be the final
output of the organization claimed and not merely an
intermediate link, or ancillary to a larger organization.
(2) Note. The following are examples of specialized
subcombinations of pulsators classified in Class 60: (a) An
expansible chamber type motor device for which the claimed
nominal load is an expansible chamber solely disclosed as the
master of a pulsator; (b) An expansible chamber device having
an associated holder for a reserve supply of liquid and
solely disclosed as the master of a pulsator, i.e., master
cylinder; (c) A piston or diaphragm device disclosed in a
pulsator line acting to limit the travel of fluid between the
master and slave to a back and forth movement equal to the
displacement of the diaphragm or piston;(d) A pressure
responsive unit disclosed in a flow line between a master and
slave that first passes fluid from the master toward the
slave and then, responsive to pressure, acts as a master
driven by the first master to drive fluid toward the slave.
(3) Note. A glossary of terms related to this and indented
subclasses is at the end of this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 583 for a
residual machine element for transmitting motion by push and
pull movement including a trapped body of fluid.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 280 for a
motor having a pulsator cyclically distributing motive fluid
to the motor; subclass 384 for a pulsator feeding back a
working member's position to a motive fluid controller;
subclass 460 for a motor having a pulsator controlled valve;
and appropriate subclass for a valved expansible chamber
motor per se, or driving a merely nominal load. However if a
claimed nominal load is solely disclosed as the master of a
pulsator the combination is classifiable in Class 60
subclasses 533+.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 61 for a system of plural
expansible chamber devices of the Class 92 type not in a
master-slave relationship. (See Paragraph A of (4) Note of
the Class 92 definition for a statement of the line); and
appropriate subclass for a master or slave device, per se.
See (3) Note, above for exceptions to this line between
Classes 60 and 92 (e.g., relating to a master cylinder etc.)
188, Brakes, 151 for a specific motion stopping or retarding
means operated by a fluid pressure system and subclasses 266+
for an internal resistance motion retarder (e.g., hydraulic
shock absorber, dash pot etc.).
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, subclass 57 for a valve
actuated by a fluid link or column (e.g., pulsator, etc.).
267, Spring Devices, 118 for a fluid type spring device.
Class 267 takes a device comprising a chamber provided with a
movable wall (e.g., piston and cylinder) and adapted to
contain a fluid designed to contact and exert a force against
said movable wall, or an element of such device (e.g.,
piston) when there is a disclosure that such device is used
as a spring device.
303, Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems, appropriate
subclass for a system specialized to the distribution of
fluid in a brake system. The line between Class 303 and 533
of Class 60 as to pulsator structure in a brake system is as
follows:
(1) A pulsator with structure specializing it for use in
braking; or in which the output of the pulsator includes more
than nominal brake structure is in Class 303. The following
are examples of features in a pulsator device specializing
the pulsator for use as a brake system for Class 303. (a) A
valve controlled by the inertia of an element braked. (b) A
structure responsive to the load on the vehicle to modify the
brake action. (c) A distributor not itself a master, that
apportions fluid between differently loaded brake cylinders.
(d) A device responsive to the disconnection of a trailer
from a tractor for actuating the trailer brakes.
(2) A complete pulsator comprising a master and slave not
specialized as in 1 above; or in which the slave drives
merely a nominal brake is in Class 60 subclasses 533+. The
following terms are examples of brake recitations which are
considered to be nominal and will not preclude classification
in subclasses 533+. (a) Wheel cylinder; (b) Brake means; (c)
Brake cylinders; (d) Hydraulic vehicle brakes; (e) Vehicle
brakes (f) Disc brakes; (g) Brakes (h) front and/or rear
wheel brakes; (i) Dual brakes.
(3) Class 60 subclasses 533+ will take a master
subcombination of a pulsator that is of the type specified in
above and in the search class references to Classes 92 and
417 even though disclosed as a part of a brake system.
(4) Class 303 takes fluid brake systems or subcombinations
thereof not classifiable elsewhere; e.g., an air brake system
or a specialized distributing valve, per se, etc. See the
reference to Class 137 in the class definition of Class 303
for the line between classes 137 and 303.
417, Pumps, 321 for a residual motor driven pump not solely
disclosed as a master and subclasses 383+ for a pump that is
more than a mere nominal load driven by a pulsator.
MASTER
An expansible chamber device which provides a contracting
volume to expel fluid from the chamber or to place the fluid
therein under pressure. All valve means or chamber means
associated with the expansible chamber device are included
under this definition.
MASTER CYLINDER
An art term applied to a unitary assembly of a master and its
associated holder of a reserve supply of make-up fluid.
MOTIVE FLUID
Fluid that acts to drive a motor. The term is generic to
"pulse" fluid and "power" fluid.
OUTPUT MEMBER
An element of the system by which driving or loading force is
delivered for utilization by means other than the system
itself.
POWER FLUID
An externally energized fluid that powers a pulsator system.
Pulsator circuit: The combination of elements in which the
pulse fluid is trapped.
PULSATOR SYSTEM
An organization of which a pulsator circuit is merely a
part.
PULSE FLUID
The definite volume of fluid trapped in the pulsator.
SLAVE
An expansible chamber device which provides an expanding
volume to receive pressurized fluid or a pressure transmitted
through a passage connecting the slave to the master
transmitter. The slave includes all valve means or chamber
means associated therewith.
Subclass:
534
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus
including (1) as indicating, registering, signalling or claim
means for conveying information about a condition of the
apparatus or (2) means that permits an inspection of normally
hidden parts or operating fluid of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 227 for a
nonelectrical liquid level indicator of general utility.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 82
for a fluid pressure switch actuated by a piston.
340, Communications: Electrical, 450, 451+ for an electrical
system indicating the condition of a fluid.
Subclass:
535
This subclass is indented under subclass 534. Apparatus
including a signal or alarm responsive to means sensing a
loss or insufficiency of pulse fluid.
Subclass:
536
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus in
which a plurality of noncommunicating master-slave units have
their input members interconnected to be driven by a common
rotating device and their outputs interconnected to drive a
common rotary device, the arrangement being such that both
devices are capable of continuous rotation in one direction.
Subclass:
537
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus
including means (1) to cause the apparatus to operate through
a given cycle of diverse operations repetitiously; (2)
operative upon initiation to perform a series of diverse
operations and return to a starting position; or (3)
continuously oscillate an output means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
532 for a pulsator transmitting energy by shock or resonant
waves; and subclass 545 for an apparatus including a pulsator
driven or controlled by electrical means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, 269.01 for a reciprocating press having fluid
pressure actuation.
Subclass:
538
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Apparatus in
which the apparatus or its control has an electrically
operated element.
Subclass:
539
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Apparatus in
which a plurality of pulsator pumps are operated in a program
or cycle by cam means.
Subclass:
540
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Apparatus in
which a step in the cycle is controlled by a period
establishing device or a time of day clock.
Subclass:
541
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Apparatus
including structure effective to bring the apparatus to rest
at a fixed standby position upon a shutdown of operation of
termination of the cycle.
Subclass:
542
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Apparatus in
which the pulsator fluid is air and having structure by which
air is fed to or removed from the system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, subclass 116 for an
impacting device driven by a pulsator.
Subclass:
543
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Apparatus
including structure by which fluid is transferred
automatically during the cycling of the apparatus into or out
of a master-slave unit or between two master-slave units.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, 385 for a pump driven by a pulsator, the
pulsator having structure by which it is supplied with pulse
fluid or vented.
Subclass:
544
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Apparatus
including a continuously reciprocating master pump connected
to feed a slave unit, there being (1) a manually settable
means to inactivate the slave while the pump continues to
reciprocate; or (2) a settable valve in the pulsator fluid
to control the output of the slave.
Subclass:
545
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus
utilizing an electrical or magnetic element as a part of the
apparatus, as a part of the power source driving the
apparatus, or as a part of a circuit controlling the
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
538 for a programmed, self cycled, or self pulsed pulsator
system having an electrically operated element.
Subclass:
546
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus
having two distinct output members each having an expansible
chamber driving or being driven by its output member, the two
chambers being connected to form a pulsator that serves to
enforce a definite relative movement of the two outputs.
Subclass:
547.1
With control of or by a separate power fluid, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus in
which a motor driving the working member of a master is
operated by a power fluid separate from the pulse fluid, the
apparatus including structure controlling flow of the power
fluid or responsive to a condition of the power fluid.
(1) Note. A power circuit and a pulse circuit that are
replenished from the same supply and regarded as separate of
the fluids of the two circuits remain operatively separate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclass
for an expansible chamber motor per se or driving a nominal
load. However, the combination of a expansible motor and its
driven expansible chamber device disclosed solely as a master
is in Class 60, 547.
188, Brakes, 355, for a power operated fluid pressure system
actuating a specific motion retarding device.
Subclass:
547.2
By pressure responsive valve dividing flow between motor and
an auxiliary load:
This subclass is indented under subclass 547.1. Apparatus in
which the structure controlling flow of the power fluid or
responsive to a power fluid condition includes a valve having
a face exposed to fluid pressure, the valve being movable in
response to pressure variation for dividing power fluid flow
between motor driving the working member and a separate motor
driving an auxiliary load (e.g., power steering, etc.).
Subclass:
547.3
By manually operated valve dividing flow between motor and an
auxiliary load:
This subclass is indented under subclass 547.1. Apparatus in
which the structure controlling flow of the power fluid or
responsive to a power fluid condition comprises a valve which
is manually moved for dividing power fluid flow between the
motor driving the working member and a separate motor driving
an auxiliary load (e.g., power steering, etc.).
Subclass:
548
This subclass is indented under subclass 547. Apparatus in
which fluid in the power circuit is constantly moved during
standby through a closed recirculating system and the master
is driven by the diversion or restriction of the circulating
fluid.
Subclass:
549
This subclass is indented under subclass 547. Apparatus in
which the system is provided with structure providing for
pressurization of distinct output circuits such that (1)
there are periods when only one of the circuits is being
pressurized or (2) the pressures in the distinct circuits
vary in relative magnitude.
Subclass:
550
This subclass is indented under subclass 547. Apparatus,
including structure effective upon a sensed failure of the
power driven motor or of the motor energy supply to increase
the leverage of the operator driven means, to lengthen the
stroke of such means, to disconnect the motor, or in some
other manner reduce the effort required in the use of the
manual operating member.
Subclass:
551
This subclass is indented under subclass 547. Apparatus in
which the manual and power energy input means are controlled
or actuated by a single lever; there being separate
mechanical connections from the lever to a manually driven
pulsator pump and to a power energy controller.
Subclass:
552
This subclass is indented under subclass 547. Apparatus with
a manual controller for the feed of power fluid to the motor
there being structure moved or carried by the working member
of the master to discontinue the feed of power fluid upon a
movement of the working member proportional to the movement
of the manual controller.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
388 for a nonpulsator pressure fluid source and motor having
a full range correspondence of the position of an external
manipulator and a motor positioned member effected by
feedback linkage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 358, for motor, per se,
or with a merely nominal output having a working member
position feed back to motive fluid control.
Subclass:
553
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Apparatus
including a piston or diaphragm structure by which the
pressure produced in the pulsator fluid by the actuation of
the motor is directly imposed on a means opposing movement of
the motor controller in a pressure increasing direction;
whereby a "feel" of the condition of the pulsator liquid is
conveyed to the operator of the device.
Subclass:
554
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Apparatus
including a load deformable means transmitting the thrust of
the motor to the piston of the master, the deformation of the
means under load serving to modify a bias means opposing the
loading motion of the manual actuator whereby an indication
of the load on the master is given to the operator of the
device.
Subclass:
555
This subclass is indented under subclass 547. Apparatus
including a manual actuator that moves either a power master
or a separate master and in which the increase in pressure
produced by such movement controls the supply of power fluid
to the power driven master.
Subclass:
556
This subclass is indented under subclass 555. Apparatus with
a separate manual master and including a piston or diaphragm
by which pressure from the power master is imposed on the
manual master whereby a "feel" of the condition of the power
pulse fluid is conveyed to the operator of the device.
Subclass:
557
This subclass is indented under subclass 555. Apparatus
including a manually operated master and a separate
downstream motor driven master, the arrangement being such
that fluid delivered from the manual master charges the
pulsator with motive fluid, takes up slack and starts the
motor of the motor driven master.
Subclass:
558
This subclass is indented under subclass 557. Apparatus in
which the pressurized fluid from the manual master flows
longitudinally through the working member of the motor
operated master.
Subclass:
559
This subclass is indented under subclass 558. Apparatus
wherein the pressurized fluid from the manual master flows
longitudinally through the motor piston, traversing the motor
cylinder and passing into the expansible chamber of the motor
driven master.
Subclass:
560
This subclass is indented under subclass 547. Apparatus
including a distinct expansible chamber motor means arranged
to drive the output driven by the slave, the external power
fluid being admitted directly into the chamber of said
motor.
Subclass:
561
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus
including two pulsators having means by which they are
simultaneously pressurized and having a diaphragm or floating
piston acted upon on one side by the fluid of a first
pulsator and, upon the other side, by the fluid of a second
pulsator, the piston or diaphragm acting to establish a
relationship between the pressures of the two pulsators.
Subclass:
562
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus in
which two separately movable pistons pressurize fluid
diversely for independent delivery to separate output slaves,
one of the pistons being driven by the second piston
mechanically through a resilient or lost motion connection or
by the fluid pressure generated by the second piston.
Subclass:
563
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus
including an expansible chamber motor and means by which
pressure fluid from a source is at one time fed directly into
the expansible chamber and at another time into the motor of
a master fluid drives the expansible chamber motor as its
slave.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 6 for an
expansible chamber motor provided with motive fluid at
different times through supply paths that are different under
different operating conditions, and see the search notes to
for the line between the two classes as to this subject
matter.
Subclass:
564
This subclass is indented under subclass 563. Apparatus in
which the master includes a piston or diaphragm means forming
an expansible chamber motor and expansible chamber pump, and
in which the effective area of the pump working member is
larger than that of the motor.
Subclass:
565
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus
providing for the driving of an output or outputs by a
pulsator and also in some other way.
(1) Note. The return to its biased position of an output
advanced against bias is not regarded as a diversely driven
movement of the output. However, the controlled release of
pressure fluid from an accumulator in driving the output is
proper subject matter for this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
560 for an output driven by a pulsator driven by an external
power fluid and by a separate expansible chamber fed by the
power fluid.
563 for an output driven directly by motive fluid and
indirectly as the slave of a master driven by the motive
fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, 270 for a reciprocating press having fluid
press actuation combined with mechanical actuation.
Subclass:
566
This subclass is indented under subclass 565. Apparatus in
which a single output member is driven at one time by a motor
serving as a slave of a manually operated master and at
another time by the same motor supplied from another source
of pressurized fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
550 for a power driven master that is manually driven on
power failure;
551 for a slave driven by a power driven master and a manual
master having a common actuating lever;
555 for a system in which the pressure produced in a slave
by a manual master controls the power supply to a power
master feeding the slave.
Subclass:
567
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus in
which pulse fluid fed to a slave is supplied from separately
operable masters.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
547 for a pulsator system having both manual and motor
energy input means.
Subclass:
568
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus
including (1) means for mechanically securing a movable
element of the system against movement or (2) a distinct
valve sealing pulse fluid in an element to prevent its
movement.
Subclass:
569
This subclass is indented under subclass 568. Apparatus in
which the securing means is a separate externally operable
valve that prevents flow into or out of the slave.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 598 for a hydraulic brake line
with a valve to trap a column of liquid in the line having no
structure specializing the system to brakes.
188, Brakes, subclass 353 for a fluid pressure brake for a
vehicle having means to trap fluid in the brake system to
hold the brakes applied.
303, Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems, 75 for a
fluid brake system having a valve for preventing release of
the brakes and subclass 89 for a fluid brake system including
a lock for maintaining parts in position of application or
release.
Subclass:
570
This subclass is indented under subclass 568. Apparatus
including a mechanical means that engages and prevents
movement of a pulsator element.
Subclass:
571
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus
including (1) a motor piston in a cylinder and a first master
feeding pressure fluid to one side and a second master
feeding pressure fluid to the other side of the piston, the
piston moving a single device; or (2) two separate expansible
chamber slave motors driven by separate master units, the
separate system being so interconnected that one expansible
chamber expands and the other contracts in positioning a
common device.
Subclass:
572
This subclass is indented under subclass 571. Apparatus
including structure (1) by which the apparatus may be
adjusted to obtain a desired pressure or quantity of fluid in
a part of the pulsator system; or (2) by which a compensation
for a change in volume or quantity of pulsator fluid in a
part of the system is made.
Subclass:
573
This subclass is indented under subclass 572. Apparatus in
which the pulsator fluid in the opposed pulsators is
automatically adjusted between the two during the operation
of the device to cause the driving and driven members of the
apparatus to stay in phase, such adjustment being
accomplished by means associated with the driving or driven
member that is effective as the means passes a center
position or reaches the end of its stroke.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
543 for a programmed or self cycled pulsator having a self
operated pulse fluid purge or quantity adjustment structure.
Subclass:
574
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus
comprising structure of the master or slave that, responsive
to the position of an element or condition of the fluid
provides a shift in the rate of movement of the actuator
driving the master or of the output member of the slave
relative to the rate of displacement of pulse fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
557 for a system in which pressurizing fluid from a manual
master provides the initial drive of a slave and starts a
power driven master for subsequent drive of the slave;
563 for a system in which motive fluid first drives a motor
directly and subsequently drives a master that drives the
slave;
565 for an output driven successively by a master and
nonmaster means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Brakes, subclass 347 for a fluid brake for a road
vehicle operated by a pulsator having a quick slack take-up
operation followed by a slower high pressure actuation.
Subclass:
575
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Apparatus in
which for one stage of operation a body of liquid is trapped
back of a master piston feeding the output slave, the trapped
body of liquid forming with the piston an ancillary pulsator
of which the piston is the slave.
Subclass:
576
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Apparatus in
which relative movement of two pistons or fluid displacers
that deliver fluid toward a slave produce the staged pressure
generation.
Subclass:
577
This subclass is indented under subclass 576. Apparatus
including a central piston and a second displacer unit in the
form of a sleeve about the piston, the sleeve being moved by
the piston through a resilient load responsive connecting
means.
Subclass:
578
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Apparatus in
which a single movable element forms a piston means that
displaces fluid from two chambers toward the slave initially
and later displaced it toward the slave from only one of the
chambers.
Subclass:
579
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus
including a piston or diaphragm, fluid from a master pump
acting on one side of the piston or diaphragm to move it to
pressurize a separate body of pulsator fluid on the other
side.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
562 for a system in which the master piston of one pulsator
circuit drives the master piston of a paralleled circuit
through a resilient, fluid, or lost motion connection.
563 for a structure in which initially communicating bodies
of fluid on opposite sides of a diaphragm or piston are
separated responsive to an increase in pressure, the
diaphragm or piston then acting to pressurize the separated
body of pulsator fluid.
575 for a system in which a temporary pulsator formed in a
master structure by the closing of a condition or position
responsive valve means drives a master piston.
Subclass:
580
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Apparatus
including parallel diaphragms or pistons receiving pressure
fluid from a common master and supplying pressure toward
distinct slave units.
Subclass:
581
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus
comprising interrelated master-slave systems or a plurality
of interconnected master cylinder devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
536 for plural correlated pulsators transmitting unlimited
rotary input to unlimited rotary output;
539 for the programmed cam drive of plural masters;
549 for distinct pulsator circuits operated by external
power fluid;
561 for a pressure balancing free piston between parallel
pulsators;
562 for a tandem master;
571 for a double acting slave or opposed slaves having a
single output.
576 for plural separately movable pistons providing plural
stage pressure generation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Brakes, subclass 345 for multiple master cylinders
operating a specific motion retarding structure.
Subclass:
582
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus
comprising normally inactive means that becomes effective
upon the occurrence of a malfunction of a pulsator to
ameliorate the effect of the malfunction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
550 for a combined manual and power operated system having
means that eases manual operation responsive to malfunction
of the motor;
552 for a combined manual and power system in which the
manual system becomes operative upon malfunction of the power
system.
568 for a pulsator with distinct means for holding a
pulsator element in a set position.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 456 for a fluid system having a safety
cut-off valve requiring reset.
Subclass:
583
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus in
which a master device and a slave device are incorporated in
a unitary structure.
Subclass:
584
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus with
distinct separately and externally operated structure used in
preparing, adjusting or maintaining the apparatus, such
structure charging the pulsator with fluid; purging the
pulsator; or removing fluid from the pulsator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
572 for a double acting slave or opposed slaves having a
single output and having pulse fluid pressure or quantity
compensating or adjusting means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Brakes, subclass 352 for a fluid pressure brake for a
vehicle having a filling or bleeding device.
Subclass:
585
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus
comprising a piston cylinder liquid pressurizing device
having communicating with its inlet a means holding a reserve
supply of motive liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
543 for a programmed self cycled or self pulsed device
having self operated pulse fluid quantity adjustment
structure;
572 for a system including double acting or opposed slave
units that drive a single output having pulse fluid pressure
or quantity adjustment means;
581 for plural master cylinder piston devices of plural
pulsators fed by a common reservoir;
584 for a pulsator having separately and externally operated
structure for charging, discharging or bleeding it;
592 for a pulsator having a fluid supply means, or means
compensating for fluid expansion, contraction or leakage.
Subclass:
586
This subclass is indented under subclass 585. Apparatus in
which the master cylinder device or the reserve liquid holder
includes a valve, diaphragm or piston by which pressure of
the liquid in the line to the slave is kept at a pressure
above atmospheric even while the pressurizing structure is in
its nonoperating or stand-by position whereby slack in the
slave device is taken up and leakage of air into the pulsator
is prevented.
Subclass:
587
This subclass is indented under subclass 586. Apparatus in
which the above atmospheric pressure is maintained at least
up to the passage by which the liquid from the reservoir is
fed to the master cylinder.
Subclass:
588
This subclass is indented under subclass 585. Apparatus in
which on inlet to the pulse volume of liquid from the reserve
liquid holder is a part in the cylinder wall that connects
the reserve liquid and the pulse liquid when the piston of
the master is in its nonpressurizing position and which is
traversed by the piston during its initial advance so that
the port is on one side of the piston and the pulse liquid on
the other during pressurization.
Subclass:
589
This subclass is indented under subclass 585. Apparatus with
a cut-off valve controlling flow between the reserve supply
holder and the cylinder of the master that is mechanically
opened or closed by the movement of the working member of the
master or by a connection to the means driving the working
member.
Subclass:
590
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus
including structure between the master and slave that (1)
stops flow from slave toward the master after a measured
quantity has been forced from the slave by the bias or (2)
stops flow from the slave when the discharge pressure
produced by the bias has dropped to a predetermined value.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
586 for means associated with a master reservoir assembly
establishing a standby pressure in the pulsator fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 493 for a bidirectional line
condition responsive valve of general utility and subclass
598 for a valve, per se, disclosed as in a brake line.
188, Brakes, subclass 351 for a fluid pressure operated
brake having a hydraulic automatic slack adjustor.
303, Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems, 81 for a
system distributing fluid to brakes having means controlling
the release of pressure.
Subclass:
591
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus with
distinct valve or restrictor structure in the flow path
between the master and slave controlling the rate of flow of
the pulse fluid or controlling flow between passages in the
flow path to establish a rate of movement of the slave or to
control or relieve pressure in the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
569 for a pulsator having a valve in the flow line for
maintaining the position of a slave by sealing pulse fluid in
the slave.
590 for a device limiting the return flow of pulse fluid
from a spring biased slave.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 455 for a line condition responsive
valve, per se; and subclass 561 for a fluid handling system
of general utility.
188, Brakes, 297, for an internal resistance motion retarder
comprising a resistance means retarding flow between two
chambers to dampen motion (e.g., shock absorber, dashpot,
etc.).
303, Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems, appropriate
subclass for a valve, per se, or in combination with a
nominal slave specialized for use in distributing fluid
between branches in a brake system.
Subclass:
592
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus (1)
with structure by which a change in volume of the pulsator
fluid is accommodated by addition of fluid, by relieving or
absorbing expansion, by means following contraction; (2) with
a reservoir for receiving fluid from or supplying it to a
pulsator; or (3) having a fluid supply structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
542 for pneumatic self cycled pulsator having pulse air
bleed or supply means.
543 for a self cycled pulsator with a self operated pulse
fluid purge or quantity adjustment structure.
572 for a double acting output motor or opposed motor units
having pulse fluid pressure or quantity adjusting means.
584 for a pulsator having separately and externally operated
structure for charging, discharging or bleeding it.
585 for a master device combined with a liquid reservoir
feeding liquid to the master.
Subclass:
593
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus
wherein a master cylinder working member is actuated by a
rotary motor or an expansible chamber driven by a fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
537 for a self-cycled or self pulsed device.
545 for a pulsator having electrically operated structure
(e.g., electrical motor, etc.).
547 for a master powered by a motor driven by an external
fluid and having manual or automatic means controlling the
external fluid.
579 for a system in which the master of one pulsator is
driven by the slave of a second pulsator.
Subclass:
594
This subclass is indented under subclass 533. Apparatus in
which the piston of a master cylinder is driven through a
mechanical linkage or lever system, or by a cam.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
539 for a self cycling system having a cam drive of plural
masters.
550 for a power control lever that drives a master on power
failure and having means adjusting the lever throw or pump
resistance responsive to power failure.
Subclass:
595
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an internal combustion free piston
device that produces pressurized fluid and a fluid motor
operated by the pressurized fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 46 for a free
piston internal combustion device, per se.
Subclass:
596
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a device operable as a free piston
internal combustion device having provision by which it may
be driven by compressed elastic fluid for starting it in
operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
595 for a free piston device the exhaust of which drives a
motor.
Subclass:
597
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising the combustion of (1) an internal
combustion engine of the type where fuel is burned in an
expansible working chamber means, said engine may or may not
do work other than to produce combustion products; and (2) a
fluid actuated motor means actuated in whole or in part by
(a) motive fluid comprising said combustion products, or (b)
motive fluid generated by said combustion products or by
other energy which is unused to do work but which is
exhausted or otherwise lost by said engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.01 for expansible or nonexpansible chamber type
combustion products generators, per se, and in combination
with fluid motors activated by the products of combustion
generated in the combustion products generator.
200 for the combination of nonexpansible chamber and
expansible chamber combustion products generators and
reaction motors (jet).
595 for fluid motor supplied with motive fluid by an
internal combustion type piston device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, for piston free internal
combustion engines, per se.
188, Brakes, subclass 154, for fluid pressure operated brakes
in which the operating fluid is obtained from the exhaust of
an internal combustion or other vapor engine.
417, Pumps, 236, for fluid motors which may be converted to
pumps and which may be motivated by energy of the exhaust
combustion products of an internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
598
This subclass is indented under subclass 597. Apparatus,
having means to pressurize the oxidant charge for the
internal combustion engine prior to its introduction into the
combustion chamber of said engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal Combustion Engines, 568.11, for internal
combustion engines having superchargers driven directly
through mechanical means by the output shaft of the internal
combustion engine or by any means other than the exhaust
gases after they have left the internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
599
This subclass is indented under subclass 598. Apparatus,
having heat exchange structure or control means therefor to
vary the temperature of the pressurizing oxidant supply for
the internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
600
This subclass is indented under subclass 598. Apparatus,
wherein the internal combustion engine oxidant pressurizing
means is driven by a fluid motor activated by the exhaust
from an internal combustion engine, and wherein condition
responsive valve means are provided to control both the
exhaust flow from the internal combustion engine and the
pressurized oxidant flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
606 for apparatus having means to introduce other fluids
into the ICE exhaust stream.
Subclass:
601
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Apparatus,
wherein a fuel control means other than the cyclic control
means for the internal combustion engine is coordinated with
the means to control the oxidant flow and/or the internal
combustion engine exhaust flow.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are devices having
means to vary supercharger speed resulting in a change in
intake manifold pressure which in turn determines fuel flow.
Subclass:
602
This subclass is indented under subclass 598. Apparatus,
having condition responsive valve control means to control
the flow of exhaust combustion products between the internal
combustion engine means and the fluid motor.
(1) Note. A cyclic internal combustion engine exhaust valve
is considered a control valve for this subclass if condition
responsive means are provided to vary the timing of the
cyclic operation of said valve.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
615 for a nonsupercharged internal combustion engines in
combination with an exhaust gas driven fluid motor having
condition responsive means to control the exhaust gas from
the combustion engine.
Subclass:
603
This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Apparatus,
with condition responsive means for noncyclic control of the
fuel flow for the internal combustion engine.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are devices having
means to vary supercharger speed resulting in a change in
intake manifold pressure which in turn determines fuel flow.
Subclass:
604
This subclass is indented under subclass 598. Apparatus,
wherein a motive fluid, not the engine exhaust, that drives
the supercharger is generated in a device employing the heat
energy of the exhaust from engine as its source of energy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
616 for a motor of general utility driven by a motive fluid
generated by the heat energy of the exhaust from an ICE.
Subclass:
605.1
Supercharging means driven by engine exhaust actuated motor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 598. Apparatus
wherein the means pressurizing the oxidant for the internal
combustion engine is driven at least in part by a motor which
employs, as motive fluid, the exhaust from the internal
combustion engine.
(1) Note. This subclass includes devices having means to
increase the energy in the ICE exhaust products, e.g., by
introducing fuel in said exhaust to be burned therein.
Subclass:
605.2
With exhaust gas recirculation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 605.1. Apparatus in
which part of the combustion products exhausted from the
engine are returned to the engine combustion chamber for
subsequent reburning.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, 568.11 for nonsupercharged
internal combustion engines having exhaust gas
recirculation.
Subclass:
605.3
With motor bearing lubrication or cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 605.1. Apparatus in
which a cooling or lubricating fluid is supplied to the motor
bearings.
Subclass:
606
This subclass is indented under subclass 605. Apparatus, in
which a nonexhaust fluid is supplied separately or mixed with
the exhaust products to a motor driving a supercharger.
Subclass:
607
This subclass is indented under subclass 605. Apparatus, in
which a single unitary oxidant pressurizing pump is driven by
a motor of one type operated by the exhaust of the engine and
by (1) a second motor of another type; (2) a second motor of
the same type operated by a different fluid or energy or
energy source; or (3) by a mechanical drive from the engine.
Subclass:
608
This subclass is indented under subclass 607. Apparatus,
wherein the internal combustion engine exhaust driven fluid
motor may assume a larger proportion of the load of the means
pressurizing said oxidant than the diverse drive means
actuating the oxidant pressurizing means in response to a
second condition.
(1) Note. This load assumption may be produced by an over
riding clutch which in effect senses the relative speed of
the ICE vs. the auxiliary drive means for the supercharger or
the load may be assumed or dropped responsive to a particular
ICE temperature or pressure, etc.
Subclass:
609
This subclass is indented under subclass 605. Apparatus,
having one oxidant pressuring means driven mechanically or
directly by the internal combustion engine being supplied the
pressurized oxidant, and another oxidant pressurizing means
actuated by a fluid motor motivated by the exhaust from said
internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
610
This subclass is indented under subclass 609. Apparatus,
wherein at least two of the plural pressurizing means are
arranged either in series or in parallel one with the other
and have means whereby they may be rearranged from their
original relationship to cooperate in another of said
arrangements.
Subclass:
611
This subclass is indented under subclass 605. Apparatus,
having means to control the quantitative flow of the
pressurized oxidant in response to a sensed condition.
(1) Note. Internal combustion engine cyclic or fuel control
means are included herein when the operation of said control
means is varied in response to a sensed variable condition.
(2) Note. Flow of the supercharged flow may be by means of
controlled valving or by means bleeding off a portion thereof
after leaving the compressor or by controlling the inflow to
the compressor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
608 for condition responsive means to control one of a
plurality of means to drive a supercharger to create a
desired supercharge flow rate.
Subclass:
612
This subclass is indented under subclass 605. Apparatus,
wherein more than a single unitary means is provided to
pressurize the oxidant charge for the internal combustion
engine, at least one of said means being motivated by exhaust
energy from the internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
613
This subclass is indented under subclass 597. Apparatus,
wherein an a accumulator is utilized to temporarily store the
combustion products discharged from the internal combustion
engine, before said products enter said motor means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
281 for an internal combustion engine with structure that
collects and stores exhaust gas or uses it as a pressure
fluid source.
Subclass:
614
This subclass is indented under subclass 597. Apparatus,
with structure by which motive fluid for the motor is
generated, cleaned, mixed, separated, heated, cooled,
controlled or electrically treated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
272 for an internal combustion engine with treatment or
handling of the exhaust gas but not having a fluid motor
driven by energy of the exhaust.
Subclass:
615
This subclass is indented under subclass 614. Apparatus
wherein the flow rate, pressure, temperature or composition
of the motive fluid for the fluid motor means is changed in
response to some sensed condition.
Subclass:
616
This subclass is indented under subclass 614. Apparatus,
wherein the motive fluid for the fluid motor is generated,
heated, or cooled in a heat exchange which employs, as its
source of energy, the exhaust energy from the associated
internal combustion engine or other waste heat from the
engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
604 for a fluid motor in which heat from the exhaust of an
internal combustion engine generates the motive fluid, the
motor driving a pump supercharging the engine.
Subclass:
617
This subclass is indented under subclass 616. Apparatus,
having additional means by which a gas, liquid or vaporized
liquid is added to the motive fluid for the fluid motor prior
to its admission into the fluid motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
619 for fluid motors motivated by the exhaust combustion
products of an internal combustion engine having means to
introduce a diverse fluid to the products.
Subclass:
618
This subclass is indented under subclass 616. Apparatus,
wherein the motive fluid for the fluid motor is a vapor from
a liquid.
Subclass:
619
This subclass is indented under subclass 614. Apparatus,
having means by which a fluid which is unlike the combustion
products is mixed with the combustion products prior to entry
into the fluid motor, said fluid, where mixed, not acting as
fuel or oxidizer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
617 for fluid motors having means to transfer the heat of
the combustion products exhausted from an internal combustion
engine to the motive fluid for said motor as well as means to
introduce a diverse fluid into said motive fluid.
Subclass:
620
This subclass is indented under subclass 597. Apparatus,
wherein the internal combustion engine, and the other of said
motor means each has at least one working member and the
working members of the diverse motors are mechanically
interconnected.
Subclass:
621
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Apparatus, in
which the mechanically interconnected working members
comprise rigidly interconnected pistons or diaphragms.
Subclass:
622
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Apparatus,
wherein the pressurized fluid actuated motor is charged with
pressurized combustion products successively from a plurality
of internal combustion engines, combustion chambers, (e.g.),
the exhaust from each cylinder of an ICE is fed directly to
the fluid motor.
Subclass:
623
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Apparatus,
wherein the fluid actuated motor is of the rotary expansible
chamber type.
Subclass:
624
This subclass is indented under subclass 597. Apparatus, in
which the fluid motor is an impulse type motor actuated by
the impact of the motive fluid against a working member which
is mechanically interconnected with the output means of the
internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
625
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising an internal combustion engine with
ancillary structure for supplying pressure fluid other than
the combustible charge to the expansible chamber of the
engine to bring the engine from rest to a speed at which it
operates as an internal combustion engine or with an
ancillary fluid motor that functions to bring the engine from
rest up to operating speed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
712 for a motor operating on a cycle combining internal
combustion and pressure fluid source energization or that is
convertible to be either an internal combustion engine or a
fluid motor driven by motive fluid from a pressure fluid
source.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 53, for a
disengageable fluid motor for turning or starting the rotary
shaft of a no more than nominally recited engine.
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, 179.1, for an internal
combustion engine with means for starting it from rest
mechanically or by modified internal combustion.
290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, 31, for a prime-mover dynamo
plant including a dynamo electric machine which acts as a
motor for starting the prime mover and as a generator;
subclasses 36+, for a prime-mover plant having a separate
generator and an electric starting motor; and subclass 48,
for a plant comprising an internal combustion engine and
having an electrical starting motor.
320, Electricity: Battery and Condenser Charging and
Discharging, subclass 63, for a battery charging generator
used as a starting motor.
417, Pumps, subclass 323, for a pump system in which the pump
is started by a motor driven by pump fluid.
Subclass:
626
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Apparatus,
including a motive fluid compressor, generator, or storage
vessel.
Subclass:
627
This subclass is indented under subclass 626. Apparatus, in
which structure by which fluid for use in the motor is
energized or collected, the condition sensor controlling the
storage or energization means.
Subclass:
628
This subclass is indented under subclass 626. Apparatus,
including a vessel for receiving and storing motive fluid
from an internal combustion engine cylinder converted to act
as a pump.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, subclass 237, for an internal combustion engine
one cylinder of which is convertible to be a pump.
Subclass:
629
This subclass is indented under subclass 626. Apparatus,
including an internal combustion device and a separate
expansible chamber device by which it can be set to operate
as an expansible chamber motor to drive the output of the
apparatus or as a compressor driven by the internal
combustion elements of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, subclass 324, for a pump operated as a motor to
start a nominal recited prime mover.
Subclass:
630
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Apparatus,
having manually settable valve means for the control of the
flow of either the fuel and/or pressurized fluid to the
working chamber means for the rotation of the working member
means.
Subclass:
631
This subclass is indented under subclass 630. Apparatus, in
which the valve means can be selectively set to provide for
clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the motor shaft.
Subclass:
632
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Noncyclic motor in which pressure fluid resulting from an
explosion of a fuel charge within or in direct communication
with the working chamber of an expansible chamber type motor
during the explosion produces a single power stroke of the
output member of the motor.
(1) Note. To be considered a motor under this definition,
the member moved by the explosion produced pressure fluid
must, at least by disclosure, remain after being so moved, as
a part of the motor. Devices in which the member moved by
the pressure fluid is ejected or projected from the rest of
the device, so as to become detached therefrom are not
included as motors under this definition. (See such classes
as Class 42, Firearms, and Class 89, Ordnance).
(2) Note. To be considered in direct communication with the
motor working chamber, the explosion must occur within an
enclosed space or chamber having, at the instant of
explosion, an open fluid flow path to the motor working
chamber so that the explosion produced pressure fluid may act
immediately on the motor working member. The fluid flow path
between explosion chamber and motor working chamber may
include a transfer valve, providing such valve is opened at
the instant of explosion or prior thereto.
(3) Note. Motors under this definition are limited to
motors of the type specified, alone, or in combination with
their pressure fluid producing means, which are incapable of
causing a repetition of the pressure fluid producing
explosion, or cyclic operation of the motor, without an
intervening operation of some part of the motor or some part
of the pressure fluid producing means by a nonperiodic force
which is neither produced nor controlled by the explosion or
by operation of the motor. Such motors or combinations may
include means for holding plural fuel charges and/or means to
place the motor and/or fluid producing means in condition for
a subsequent operation.
(4) Note. Power plants of more comprehensive nature than
specified in (3) Note above, and which include as a
subcombination thereof a motor of the type included under
this definition, will be classified in other appropriate
subclasses of this class on the basis of the features of the
more comprehensive power plant.
(5) Note. Combinations in which explosive actuated motors
of the type included under this definition act as the power
means for operating particular art devices are classified
with the various art devices, if any significant features of
the art device are claimed. Generally, a load device for the
motor, claimed by name only, will not exclude a patent from
classification under this definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
253 for a reaction motor driven by a charge of solid
propellant, subclass 39.47, for a motor using combustion
products from a solid charge or motive fluid; and subclass
415, for a pressure accumulator energized by a gas pump or
external gas supply.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 254, for explosion operated pullers or
pushers in assembling or disassembling apparatus.
42, Firearms, appropriate subclass for a device in which the
member moved by the pressure fluid is projected so as to
become detached therefrom.
89, Ordnance, 1.51, for a device for discharging a bomb,
plane, or signal device from an aircraft; and subclass 1.818,
for a rocket launcher using an auxiliary rocket launching
charge.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 530, for blank cartridges for
generating a gas.
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 24, for a cycling
engine using an explosive solid substance; and subclass 183,
for a starting device for an internal combustion engine in
which gases resulting from a gum powder explosion act upon
the working piston of the apparatus to provide a starting
force for the engine.
149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges,
appropriate subclass for explosive compositions, per se.
166, Wells, subclass 63, and the search there noted for
explosive devices in wells.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 2, for devices or
methods of boring by below ground explosions and including a
device for firing a bullet or exploding a shaped charge in an
inaccessible bore to penetrate the earth formation or to
perforate or cut a tubular casing or other wall member in the
bore.
227, Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus, subclass 8 and 9+,
for apparatus for driving a member, e.g., stud, by fluid
pressure generated by an explosion.
Subclass:
633
This subclass is indented under subclass 632. Apparatus,
with structure by which fluid to form the explosive charge is
fed to a combustion chamber of the apparatus.
Subclass:
634
This subclass is indented under subclass 632. Apparatus,
including means to hold plural separately explodable fuel
charges in exploding positions, or which includes means to
hold plural unit fuel charges and to move them successively
into exploding position.
Subclass:
635
This subclass is indented under subclass 632. Apparatus,
having structure with which the working member of the motor
becomes engaged when it reaches its fired position and which
holds the working member in its fired position.
Subclass:
636
This subclass is indented under subclass 632. Apparatus,
with means positively preventing movement of the working
member of the motor or of the firing mechanism, the member
being movable only after the deformation or rupture of a
destructible element, the release of a latch or the
deactivation of a safety device.
Subclass:
637
This subclass is indented under subclass 632. Apparatus, in
which the charge burns in a zone separated from the
expansible chamber of the motor, the combustion products
flowing through a restricted conduit or orifice from the zone
to the chamber.
Subclass:
638
This subclass is indented under subclass 632. Apparatus,
with a structure (1) ameliorating or suppressing the effects
of shock or vibration (2) damping the movement of the working
member or (3) providing a cushioned slowdown of the working
member.
Subclass:
639
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein the motor comprises movable means for
accumulating and discharging a quantity of fluent material or
a volume of liquid material from a flowing stream of the
material which means moves under the influence of gravity in
response to a predetermined accumulation of material from a
first accumulating position to a second discharge position to
provide power and in which a surface of such accumulation is
open to the atmosphere during movement of the movable means.
(1) Note. The subcombination in a metering device of
accumulating means of the type noted above is included in
this subclass if the meter is not claimed but merely
disclosed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
185, Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered, 27 for a
motor in which kinetic energy is derived from the movement of
a mass by virtue of the effect of gravity.
Subclass:
640
This subclass is indented under subclass 639. Apparatus, in
which the movable means comprises a pivoted member supporting
a pair of accumulating means spaced on opposite sides of the
point about which the member pivots and each such means is
supplied with the material independently of the other.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, 94, for an automatic weighing scale in
which an oscillating structure carries weight chambers that
alternately accumulate and dumps fluid or liquid material.
Subclass:
641.1
UTILIZING NATURAL HEAT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter operating by means of heat evolved from
natural sources, such as from the sun, air, water, earth,
etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
398 for a power system including a pressure fluid source and
motor utilizing natural energy other than heat.
495 for a motor having a buoyant working member, a tide or
wave motor, for example.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, 561, 569+, and 714 for a solar
heater, per se.
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, subclass
206 for a solar energy type of electrical generator.
165, Heat Exchange, subclass 45 for a heat exchanger related
to the earth or sun.
Subclass:
641.11
With elevated structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 641.8. Apparatus in
which the motor or power plant operates at least in part by
energy derived either from a substance confined or
constrained to move in a desired path by a significant
vertically extending man-made structure (e.g., house,
chimney, etc.) or from a solar heat receptor mounted on such
structure.
Subclass:
641.12
Air is working fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 641.11. Apparatus
wherein the substance is air.
Subclass:
641.13
With single state working substance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 641.8. Apparatus
wherein the heat heats a substance (solid or liquid) for
producing work, the substance remaining in its solid or fluid
state at all times.
Subclass:
641.14
Gaseous:
This subclass is indented under subclass 641.13. Apparatus
wherein the substance is either air or gas.
Subclass:
641.15
With solar concentration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 641.8. Apparatus
provided with significant solar ray focusing means.
Subclass:
641.2
Geothermal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 641.1. Apparatus
wherein the heat is evolved from the earth's interior.
Subclass:
641.3
With direct fluid contact:
This subclass is indented under subclass 641.2. Apparatus
wherein the heat of geothermal fluid is transferred to a
working fluid by the physical contact of the two fluids
(e.g., direct contact heat exchange).
Subclass:
641.4
With deep well turbopump:
This subclass is indented under subclass 641.2. Apparatus
wherein the heat is delivered to the earth's surface by a
subsurface turbine-driven pumping unit.
Subclass:
641.5
With fluid flashing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 641.2. Apparatus in
which a controlled, pressurized fluid having heat is at least
partially vaporized (flashed) upon a controlled reduction of
pressure at the earth's surface.
Subclass:
641.6
With natural temperature differential:
This subclass is indented under subclass 641.1. Apparatus in
which power is generated as a result of a variance in
temperature occurring naturally from two distinct
geos:graphical locations.
(1) Note. Devices such as "drinking birds" are here
classified.
Subclass:
641.7
Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC):
This subclass is indented under subclass 641.6. Apparatus
wherein the geos:graphical location is a large (e.g., sea,
ocean) body of water.
Subclass:
641.8
Solar:
This subclass is indented under subclass 641.1. Apparatus
wherein the source of heat is the sun.
Subclass:
641.9
With distillation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 641.8. Apparatus
wherein solar heat is used to heat a mixture for separating a
more volatile part from at least one other part.
Subclass:
642
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter operated by steam from a receptacle charged
with hot water under pressure, as distinguished from those in
which pressure is generated within a boiler by the
application of heat.
(1) Note. The charge of this subclass must come from an
external supply and not be that collected in storage vessel
or accumulator permanently a part of a heat operated plant to
accommodate fluctuations in demand. For this subject matter
see subclasses 652 and 659.
Subclass:
643
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising (1) apparatus having (a) means to
cause motive fluid to be increased in energy by the indirect
addition of heat thereto and (b) a motor which is actuated by
said motive fluid; and (2) a method of operating such
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
616 for a fluid motor the motive fluid for which has been
energized by the heat of the exhaust of an internal
combustion engine; subclasses 39.18 and 39.19, for multiple
fluid operated motors, one operated by combustion products
and another one operated by a different fluid generally
energized by heat exchange with the combustion products in
the first motor; subclass 641, for a heat operated power
system where the source of energy is natural heat; subclasses
516+, for a motor operated by the expansion and/or
contraction of a unit of mass of motivating medium; and
subclasses 508+, for a motor operated by the heating or
cooling of a fluid within an expansible chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, 200, for
the direct development of electrical power from indirectly
applied heat.
Subclass:
644.1
Heating motive fluid by nuclear energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 643. Subject matter
in which externally applied heat is obtained from a
radioactive decay or indirectly from a nuclear reactor.
(1) Note. Class 376 provides for all patents involving a
nuclear reactor which is more than nominally recited, e.g.,
by reciting details of the reactor core or by reciting a
coolant as flowing through the nuclear reactor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
203.1 for a reaction motor energized by electric,
radioactive decay, or radiated energy fluid heating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, 317 for a nuclear reactor wherein steam is
conducted exterior of the reactor and used in a heat
exchanger or power-producing means.
Subclass:
645
This subclass is indented under subclass 643. Process,
involving steps performed in operating a power plant having
motive fluid energized by indirectly applied heat.
Subclass:
646
This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Process,
including a manipulation that (1) puts a nonoperating power
producer into operation; (2) that takes an operating power
producer out of operation; (3) maintains a power producer in
a nonoperating state but in condition for a rapid start; (4)
protects the apparatus from damage; or (5) maintains it in
operating condition as by cleaning or purging.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
656 for apparatus energized by externally applied heat
having ancillary structure for starting; and subclasses 657+,
for a heat operated apparatus having cleaning, sealing,
lubricating, purging, standby or protecting feature.
Subclass:
647
This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Process, in
which motive fluid in the course of power production reaches
a pressure at or above that at which its vapor and liquid
have the same density (i.e., critical pressure).
Subclass:
648
This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Process,
including a step of withdrawing steam or other product for
delivery out of the plant to external use or preparing it for
such use.
Subclass:
649
This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Process, in
which the motive fluid material of the plant comprises two
materials of different chemical composition that are brought
together or separated in the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.01 for a system in which mixed materials are combusted
outside of a motor and the combustion products used directly
as motive fluid in a motor; and subclasses 682+, for a power
system energized by externally applied heat using a single
state motive fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, appropriate subclass for a
motor in which mixed materials are burned within an
expansible chamber and directly expanded to drive the motor.
Subclass:
650
This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Process, in
which a liquid or gas has its pressure or volume increased by
the addition of heat and reduced by the removal of heat, the
pressure or volume increment being used to produce mechanical
work and the gas or liquid remaining as such throughout the
procedure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
517 for a motor operated by the expansion and contraction of
a unit mass of gas; subclass 530, for a motor operated by the
expansion and contraction of a unit mass of liquid; and
subclasses 682+, for a power apparatus actuated by externally
applied heat using a single state motive fluid.
Subclass:
651
This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Process, in
which a motive fluid other than water or steam is changed
from a liquid to a vapor in the power producing operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
671 for a power apparatus energized by indirectly applied
heat using a motive fluid that is or includes a material
other than steam or water.
Subclass:
652
This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Process,
including a procedure (1) by which the system may be
temporarily made to produce power at a rate above its normal
capacity; (2) by which a temporary excess of energy is stored
for subsequent release; or (3) by which the operation of the
system is varied as the load fluctuates to accommodate it to
the load.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
659 for a heat operated power system having structure for
the temporary storage of energy in the form of heat, steam or
compressed gas; and subclasses 660+, for the automatic
control of a heat operated power system.
Subclass:
653
This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Process, in
which heat is added to or removed from motive fluid after it
has been generated or partially expanded to condition it for
feed to a motor or motor stage.
Subclass:
654
This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Process,
including a power producing procedure in which the motive
vapor exhausting from a motor is mingled with a stream of
water being advanced toward the vapor generator.
Subclass:
655
This subclass is indented under subclass 643. Apparatus, in
which one motor is supplied with motive fluid energized by a
second hot motive fluid driving a second motor, the motive
fluids of the two motors being held separate at all times.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
616 for an internal combustion engine heating motive fluid
motor; and subclass 39.18, for a power plant in which
combustion products operate one motor and a different fluid
heated by the combustion products operates a second motor.
Subclass:
656
This subclass is indented under subclass 643. Apparatus,
having structure the sole function of which is to start
operation of the system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
646 for a heat operated power plant having a particular
startup, shutdown, protective or maintenance procedure.
Subclass:
657
This subclass is indented under subclass 643. Apparatus,
having as perfecting features structure by which (1) the
apparatus is cleaned, (2) unwanted fluids are discharged from
the system (3) the system is lubricated (4) the apparatus is
held on standby for ease of restarting; or (5) the apparatus
is protected from damage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
645 for a process of operating a heat energized power plant
including a startup, shutdown, cleaning, protective or
maintenance procedure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, 379, for a boiler with
cleaning structure; and subclasses 504+, for a boiler having
safety devices.
184, Lubrication, appropriate subclass for a lubrication
system, per se.
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, subclass
21, for a safety cutout for a closed fluid heater.
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, 110, for a turbine
having a lubricating, sealing, packing or bearing means with
an internal working fluid connection.
Subclass:
658
This subclass is indented under subclass 657. Apparatus, in
which damage to an element exposed to a high temperature heat
source is prevented by condition responsive means that
insures a sufficient flow of heat removing fluid through the
element.
Subclass:
659
This subclass is indented under subclass 643. Apparatus,
having structure by which motive fluid heat to be supplied to
the motive fluid, or compressed gas is temporarily collected
and stored for later use.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
652 for a heat operated power producing process with
provision for the accommodation of fluctuating or peak
loads.
Subclass:
660
This subclass is indented under subclass 643. Apparatus,
including a means sensing an external condition or a
condition of the system and controlling the system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
658 for apparatus in which damage to a heat receiving
element is prevented by automatic means maintaining at least
a minimum rate of flow.
Subclass:
661
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Apparatus, in
which the control is by a means (1) sensing the condition of
the fluid by which heat is removed from the system, (2) of a
means controlling the flow of the fluid or (3) of a by-pass
modifying the amount of heat transferred to the fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
686 for a motor having an exhaust treating means with a
condition responsive control of the exhaust structure or the
exhaust condition.
Subclass:
662
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Apparatus,
including two motors or motor stages and in which motive
fluid is fed from the same source or separate sources of
energized fluid separately to the two motors or motor
stages.
Subclass:
663
This subclass is indented under subclass 661. Apparatus,
including a means treating fluid discharged from one motor
and flowing to another; the control being of a reheater the
heat condition of or of the addition of a quantity of fluid
to the stream of motive fluid discharged from a first motor
flowing toward a second motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
667 for an automatically controlled boiler feed heater that
may be heated by steam extracted between motor stages.
Subclass:
664
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Apparatus, in
which (1) a control element of the heat input is actuated by
response to a change of a sensed condition, (2) the condition
of a heat source material is controlled or (3) a means
sensing a condition of the heat source or heat source
material controls the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
431, Combustion, 18, for the automatic control of combustion
apparatus, per se.
Subclass:
665
This subclass is indented under subclass 664. Apparatus,
including means varying or modifying the action of heat
supply structure and also means regulating the supply of
motive liquid to or quantity of liquid and vaporizing
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 448.1, and 449,
for the automatic regulation of boiler fuel and feed.
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, subclass
14, for the automatic temperature regulation of the condition
of a boiler and a combustion chamber heating it.
Subclass:
666
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Apparatus, in
which the condition responsive control is of a flow of vapor
through a passage by passing a heat exchanger in which the
temperature of previously generated vapor is raised or
lowered.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
653 for a power plant process including superheating,
desuperheating or reheating motive fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 479.1, for the
automatic control of a superheater.
Subclass:
667
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Apparatus, in
which the condition or flow of liquid being fed to the boiler
or the quantity or condition of the liquid in the boiler is
controlled by a condition responsive means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
665 for the automatic control of both the fuel and the
liquid feed to the boiler.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 451.1, for the
automatic control of the feed to a boiler.
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, 20, for
the automatic control of the pressure or temperature of a
boiler.
Subclass:
668
This subclass is indented under subclass 643. Apparatus, in
which the power plant with means generating hot motive fluid
includes means dependent on vehicle motion, a vehicle
traction feature or vehicle body structure not classified
elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 37, for a steam locomotive.
180, Motor Vehicles, 36 for a motor vehicle of a kind which
is adapted to pull, rather than to support, a load and which
is provided with a motor of the steam type and a boiler
therefor; subclasses 291+ for a motor vehicle wherein a
specific motor-to-body-frame relationship is established; and
subclasses 303+ for a motor vehicle which includes a traction
motor of a type driven by expansible gas received from a
source external of the motor and wherein the gas is produced
by the treatment of a volatile fluid. In general, the
nominal combination of a vehicle and a motor therefor is not
beyond the scope of this class (60); however, classification
in Class 180 is proper when such elements, members, or
mechanisms as the frame, the change-speed gearing, the
shafting, and connections for transferring power to one or
more ground-engaging elements (e.g., wheels), and so forth,
are included.
237, Heating Systems, subclass 12.8 for a combined steam
heating and power plant for a car.
Subclass:
669
This subclass is indented under subclass 643. Apparatus, in
which a structure in which motive fluid is generated serves
as a support or mount for a motor driven by the motive fluid,
e.g., unitary motor-boiler assembly etc.
Subclass:
670
This subclass is indented under subclass 643. Apparatus, in
which vapor is generated from a liquid and utilized as motive
fluid to actuate a motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
227 for a reaction motor in which the motive fluid is
principally steam; subclass 531, for a motor operated by the
vaporization and condensation of a confined mass; and
subclass 514, for a motor in which liquid is supplied to and
vaporized in an expansible chamber.
Subclass:
671
This subclass is indented under subclass 670. Apparatus, in
which a claim includes a recitation of (1) the material which
comprises the fluid which is energized to motivate the motor
means; or (2) a material, other than fuel or substance which
is burned to give off heat, which is mixed with a motive
fluid for energization thereof to motivate a motor means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
649 for a heat operated power producing procedure that
includes mixing or separating materials of different chemical
composition in a motive fluid flow path.
Subclass:
672
This subclass is indented under subclass 671. Apparatus, in
which the fluid motivating the motor is a reactive material
that is fed to a combustion device after its expansion in the
motor.
Subclass:
673
This subclass is indented under subclass 671. Apparatus, in
which two distinct fluids come in contact with each other in
the apparatus for reaction or absorption.
Subclass:
674
This subclass is indented under subclass 671. Apparatus,
including structure by which air and steam or water are
intermingled.
Subclass:
675
This subclass is indented under subclass 670. Apparatus, in
which generated vapor is condensed and collected at an
elevated location and a work output is obtained from the
movement of the condensate collector, downwardly under the
influence of gravity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
639 for a motor actuated by accumulating and dumping liquid
or fluent material from a flouring stream of the material.
Subclass:
676
This subclass is indented under subclass 670. Apparatus, (1)
in which a second vapor generator or an external source of
vapor furnishes a supplemental quantity of motive fluid to a
power system including a first vapor generator or (2) having
more than one distinct means supplying heat to the
apparatus.
Subclass:
677
This subclass is indented under subclass 670. Apparatus, in
which the vapor is fed to serially connected motors or stages
and a branch stream of vapor is fed to or withdrawn from the
interstage flow.
Subclass:
678
This subclass is indented under subclass 677. Apparatus, in
which the vapor withdrawn from between the motor stages is
passed in indirect heat exchange with liquid supplied to the
vapor generator.
Subclass:
679
This subclass is indented under subclass 670. Apparatus,
comprising a first motor exhausting fluid from a working
chamber with means to heat the exhausted fluid indirectly the
heated exhaust fluid being then supplied as motive fluid to
actuate a second motor or motor stage.
(1) Note. Exhaust fluid is fluid which is discharged from a
motor working chamber after having done some work therein.
(2) Note. Mere re-expansion between motors as between
turbine stages does not preclude classification in the proper
motor class. This subclass requires the combination of a
specific energizer (reheater) for the exhausted fluid wherein
the energizer is defined in detail or where the energizer
bears a significant relationship to the motor or generator.
An energizer (reheater) recited by name only as being
connected between stages of a turbine would not preclude
classification in Class 415 (or Class 91, in the case of an
expansible chamber motor).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
614 for plants wherein the exhaust from an ICE is heated
prior to its being used as motive fluid for a fluid motor.
698 for diverse motors wherein the exhaust from a motor
operated by one principal is the motive fluid for a second
motor which is operated by another principal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 152, for
multiple expansible chambers where the kinetic energy of the
exhaust fluid of one motor chamber is not materially affected
(increased) before entry into another of the working
chambers.
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, for turbine
comprising: plural rotors where the expanded fluid (exhaust)
of one rotor supplies the motive fluid for a subsequent rotor
where (1) the rotors may each have a separate output shaft or
(2) the rotors may be connected in series all attached to a
single output shaft.
Subclass:
680
This subclass is indented under subclass 679. Apparatus,
with fluid passage means branching from a motor supply
conduit and conducting hot motive fluid to reheat the motor
exhaust.
Subclass:
681
This subclass is indented under subclass 670. Apparatus, in
which the vapor generator is heated by a burner and the
exhaust of the burner is mixed with the exhaust of a motor
driven by the vapor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
672 for a power system involving a change of state using a
motive fluid that is other than or additional to steam and
that is used in the combustion zone, for example, combustible
motive fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, 203, for a solid fuel burner in which exhaust
steam is fed to the combustion zone.
Subclass:
682
This subclass is indented under subclass 643. Apparatus, in
which a heat energized motive fluid used in a device
producing mechanical output does not change state during the
operation of the system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
517 for a motor operated by expansion and contraction of a
confined body of fluid (e.g., Stirling cycle); and subclasses
508+, for a motor operated by heating or cooling a fluid
while within an expansible chamber.
Subclass:
683
This subclass is indented under subclass 682. Apparatus, in
which the motive fluid after discharge from a motor is
discharged into a combustion zone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
672 for a power system involving a change of state in which
the motor exhaust is used in the combustion zone.
Subclass:
684
This subclass is indented under subclass 682. Apparatus,
including serially connected motors or motor stages and in
which motive fluid passing between the motors or stages is
indirectly heated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.17 for a system using combustion products as motive fluid
having an interstage cooler or heater.
653 for the condition responsive control of an interstage
heater or mixer.
679 for a heat operated power system involving a change of
state having a motive fluid reheater between serially
connected motors or motor stages.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, subclass 179, for
a rotary kinetic fluid motor or pump having a heat exchanger
intermediate two sets of blades serving to transfer heat to
or from the working fluid as it passes from one set to the
next succeeding set. See paragraph (1) of the Search Class
reference to Class 60 in the class definition of Class 415,
for the line as to this subject matter.
Subclass:
685
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus of a motor and exhaust system with means affecting
the fluid after its exhaust from the motor.
(1) Note. Exhaust fluid is considered to be the fluid that
has left the final means that could extract power from the
fluid and that has reached a point where its affect cannot
affect operation of the power extraction means. For an
elaboration of this line see the statement in (4) Note,
section B, paragraph (5) of the class definition of Class 91,
and paragraph (7) of the Search Class note to Class 60, in
the definition of Class 415.
(2) Note. Fluid flowing between serially connected motors
or motor stages is not considered to be exhaust fluids. See
subclass 684, of this class and the search notes to its
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.5 for the treatment of the exhaust of a motor in which
externally generated combustion products are used as motive
fluid.
200 for a power plant, the exhaust of which is the jet of a
reaction motor.
272 for an internal combustion engine with means treating or
handling exhaust gas.
325 for a power system including a pressure fluid source and
motor in which the motor exhaust is generally pressurized by
a pump to be redelivered to the motor.
595 for a motor driven by the exhaust of a free piston type
of internal combustion engine.
597 for a motor driven by the waste heat or exhaust energy
from an internal combustion engine.
642 for a power plant energized by externally applied heat
in which the motor exhaust is condensed or cooled.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, appropriate subclasses for the utilization of
motor exhaust steam in a furnace, particularly 203, for using
exhaust steam to promote combustion in the firebox and
subclasses 119+ and 147+ for using exhaust fluid as a means
to produce a draft in the smokebox of the furnace.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, particularly 412, for
boiler feed water heated by exhaust fluid.
181, Acoustics, subclass 213 for jet engine type mufflers,
per se, and subclass 220 for ground based fluid treatment of
jet engine exhaust.
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, 182.1, for rotary
kinetic fluid motors having motive fluid exhaust passages
provided with means to simply guide, by means of vanes or
conduits, the flow of motive fluid immediately after being
discharged from the runner and within the area where the
fluid could affect the operation of the motor (e.g., by
affecting back pressure on the runner).
Subclass:
686
This subclass is indented under subclass 685. Apparatus
having (1) control structure responding to a condition of the
exhaust or (2) a condition responsive structure controlling
flow or, or a condition of the exhaust.
Subclass:
687
This subclass is indented under subclass 685. Apparatus,
with means to take up or absorb stresses in the exhaust
system which arise due to the difference of expansion and
contraction of the components of the exhaust system.
Subclass:
688
This subclass is indented under subclass 685. Apparatus, in
which fluid exhausted from a steam engine is mingled with
external water or separated condensate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
654 for a steam power process in which exhaust steam is
mingled with boiler feed water.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, appropriate subclass
for a gas-liquid contact device, per se, for example a
barometric or jet type condenser.
Subclass:
689
This subclass is indented under subclass 685. Apparatus, in
which motor exhaust fluid is mingled with a fluid supplied
from a source different from the source of motive fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
672 and 683, for a heated power system in which the motor
exhaust is fed into the combustion zone of the heater of the
system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, 203, for a solid fuel burner in which exhaust
steam from a motor is fed into the combustion zone.
Subclass:
690
This subclass is indented under subclass 685. Apparatus,
including means for passing the exhaust fluid through a heat
exchanger in which it is cooled indirectly.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
320 for an internal combustion engine having an exhaust
system element that is heated, cooled, or used as a heat
source.
661 for the automatic control of condenser cooling water.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
165, Heat Exchange, appropriate subclass for a condenser, per
se.
237, Heating Systems, 12.1, for installations in which all or
part of the exhaust steam is used for heating building,
vehicles, or other inclosed structures.
Subclass:
691
This subclass is indented under subclass 690. Apparatus, in
which the heat exchange is between motor exhaust steam and
water being prepared for introduction into a boiler that
feeds steam to the motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
678 for a boiler motor assembly in which boiler feed water
is heated in stages by steam withdrawn between motor sections
of serially connected motor sections.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, 412, for a boiler feed
heater combination.
165, Heat Exchange, appropriate subclass for a heat
exchanger, per se.
Subclass:
692
This subclass is indented under subclass 690. Apparatus, in
which the heat exchanger is a condenser and has a pump for
removing liquid condensate from in the condenser.
Subclass:
693
This subclass is indented under subclass 690. Apparatus,
including plural physically distinct surface type heat
exchangers.
Subclass:
694
This subclass is indented under subclass 685. Apparatus,
including a manually settable means in a structure receiving
a stream of exhaust fluid from a motor and dividing the
stream or directing its flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324 for a divider, collector, valve means, or boundary layer
device controlling exhaust gas flow from an internal
combustion engine.
Subclass:
695
This subclass is indented under subclass 694. Apparatus,
which directs the discharge of a pneumatic motor into the
surrounding air.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
370 for cyclically operable reciprocating pneumatic motor;
407 for a pneumatic motor with a gas supply or removal
device.
Subclass:
696
This subclass is indented under subclass 694. Apparatus,
forming the flow path carrying the liquid away from a water
driven motor.
Subclass:
697
This subclass is indented under subclass 694. Apparatus,
including flow directing structure steering fluid discharged
from the rotor of a turbine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, 208.1, for a vane
or deflector directing the discharge from a rotary kinetic
motor that is close enough to the rotor to affect the
operation of the motor.
Subclass:
698
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus including (1) a device having a mechanical output
operable selectively or simultaneously from diverse inputs;
(2) a device or assembly including plural motors at least one
of which may be separately supplied with motive fluid or may
be operated while another is not producing power; or (3)
methods of operating such devices.
(1) Note. This group of subclasses takes plural internal
combustion engines of the type classifiable, per se, in Class
123.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.15 for multiple fluid operated motors at least one of
which is driven by externally generated combustion products.
39.19 for a single motor driven by diverse motive fluids
that do not mix in the motor, one of the fluids being
combustion products.
224 for interrelated reaction motors.
244 for a reaction motor driven by motive fluid from
alternate diverse generators.
420 for a condition responsive control in a pressure fluid
source plural motor system.
471 for interconnected control elements operating plural
distinct motors in a pressure fluid source motor system.
539 for a programmed, self cycled or self pulsed pulsator
system having a cam type drive of plural masters actuating
plural motors.
581 for plural structurally related master pistons,
cylinders or pulsator circuits.
597 for a fluid motor driven by the waste heat or exhaust
energy from an internal combustion engine.
625 for an internal combustion engine with a fluid motor,
for rotating it for starting or convertible to a fluid motor
for initiating rotation.
642 a system including a motive fluid supplier energized by
externally applied heat. See, particularly subclasses 655,
663, 676, 677-680, and 684.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 661, for gearing
for connecting plural prime movers either individually or
unitarily to the same load.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 170, for plural
intercontrolled expansible chamber motors; and subclass 441,
for a system of expansible chamber motions having plural
working members. See (4) Note of the class definition of
Class 91, for a statement of the line.
172, Earth Working, 48, for an earthworking machine having
plural driven tools.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclass .098, for the
interrelated control of motors and clutches in a system
having plural motors.
290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, subclass 4, for a prime mover
dynamo plant having plural prime movers; and subclass 48, for
the combination of an internal combustion engine and its
electrical starting motor.
303, Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems, 6.01, for
the distribution of pressure fluid to multiple motors, one of
which is a brake motor.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 34, for plural
diverse or diversely controlled electric motors; and
appropriate subclass for a residual system of plural electric
motors.
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, 60, for plural
runners supported for relative movement or separate shafts in
a rotary kinetic fluid motor system; subclass 144, for plural
runner stages on a common shaft with a working fluid branch
or bypass; and subclasses 198.1+, for plural blade sets
rigidly mounted on a common shaft.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces, (i.e., Impellers), 120, for a
system of plural impellers that may drive or be driven by an
unconfined fluid.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, appropriate subclass
for a plurality of rotary expansible chamber motors and see
(4) Note of the class definition of Class 91, for a statement
of the line between those classes, the same line being
maintained between Classes 60 and 418.
475, Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components, 1,
for planetary gearing connecting plural prime movers to a
load device.
Subclass:
699
This subclass is indented under subclass 698. Apparatus,
including a spring type motor combined with an internal
combustion engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
185, Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered, 2, for
composite or plural motors each of which is classifiable in
Class 185. See the notes in the class definition of Class
185, for the line between Classes 60 and 185, as to plural
and diverse motors.
Subclass:
700
This subclass is indented under subclass 698. Apparatus,
wherein the relative rotational speed or angular position of
the output shafts of a plurality of independently operable
motors or devices is continually or intermittently sensed,
said sensed differential effecting a control to maintain a
predetermined operating relationship of the motors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 171, for
plural expansible chamber motors synchronized in response to
a sensed difference in position.
318, Electricity: Motive Power System, 68, for the control
of the relative speed of plural electrical motors; and
subclass 85, for the synchronizing or phasing control of
plural electrical motors.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), subclass 34,
for plural distinct impellers having a synchronizing
control.
Subclass:
701
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus, in
which the intercontrol system includes hydraulically or
pneumatically operated control elements.
Subclass:
702
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus,
including electrical elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 41, for plural
electric motors having electrical synchronizing
interconnections; and subclasses 70+, for plural electrical
motors with means controlling the relative speed using an
electrical type detector.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
243 for an electrical speed controlled system for
synchronizing plural shafts.
Subclass:
703
This subclass is indented under subclass 698. Apparatus, in
which at least one motor is controlled (1) by a punch card,
template or tape; or (2) by an externally actuated standard
means such as an oscillator or a motor not effected by the
operation of the controlled device and that has no external
output but merely sets a speed standard.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
395 for a pressure fluid source driving a motor relative to
an independently driven speed standard or pacer device.
Subclass:
704
This subclass is indented under subclass 698. Apparatus,
controlled (1) by a time measuring or period establishing
device or (2) by a device providing a sequence of events set
to occur at predetermined intervals or terminating a single
operation in a fixed position to restart an additional cycle,
which cycle is more complex than a mere starting or stopping
of a single device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 35, for expansible
chamber motors having independently operated timer, delay
pattern or cyclic control means.
Subclass:
705
This subclass is indented under subclass 698. Apparatus,
including structure signalling or giving an indication of a
condition of operation of the plural motor apparatus or
providing for inspection of a part of the apparatus.
Subclass:
706
This subclass is indented under subclass 698. Apparatus,
including structure sensing a condition of the apparatus or
an external condition and effecting a control of the plural
motors.
Subclass:
707
This subclass is indented under subclass 706. Apparatus,
including two expansible chamber motors having flow lines
interconnecting them so that under one condition of operation
at least some of the fluid passes first through one and then
through another motor; the condition responsive control
effecting an addition to or removal of motive fluid from the
fluid stream of the two motors.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
663 for a boiler-motor system having an automatic control of
branched feed to, condition of or heating means for motive
fluid between serially connected motors or motor stages; and
subclass 424, for a system including a pressure fluid source
supplying serially connected motors, the system being
automatically controlled to establish parallel operation or
to by-pass a motor means of the series.
Subclass:
708
This subclass is indented under subclass 706. Apparatus, in
which the condition sensor effects a control of a cooling
ventilating or braking element of the apparatus.
Subclass:
709
This subclass is indented under subclass 706. Apparatus, in
which the condition sensor actuates a means connecting or
disconnecting one of the plural motors to an output device or
to another motor.
Subclass:
710
This subclass is indented under subclass 706. Apparatus, in
which the condition sensed is the difference between the fuel
or manifold conditions of a pair of internal combustion
engines, and one of the engines is controlled in response to
the sensed difference.
Subclass:
711
This subclass is indented under subclass 706. Apparatus, in
which the control (1) determines the amount of the common
output load carried by each motor responsive to a condition
of the load; or (2) the input to one of two motors driving a
common load by a means sensing a condition of the other
motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
426 for a pressure fluid source-plural motor system in which
the speed of or pressure in one motor controls another.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 98, for the
distribution of load between plural electrical motors. See
the search notes in the definition of this subclass for other
pertinent subclasses in 318.
Subclass:
712
This subclass is indented under subclass 698. Apparatus,
having structure by which the motor apparatus can be
energized both by the internal combustion of fuel and by the
expansion of pressurized motive fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
625 for an internal combustion engine started by a separate
motive fluid motor or being driven to start by the admission
of motive fluid into the combustion chamber prior to the
admission of fuel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 22, for a combined
hot air and material combustion engine.
Subclass:
713
This subclass is indented under subclass 698. Apparatus,
with additional adjustable or positionable structure provided
to act in opposition to one of the motors to inhibit or
prevent motion of the motor or of its output.
Subclass:
714
This subclass is indented under subclass 698. Apparatus,
having means handling a fluid that cools, lubricates or
flushes an element of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
657 for a system in which motive fluid is generated by
externally applied heat that has a cleaning, purging or
lubricating feature.
Subclass:
715
This subclass is indented under subclass 698. Apparatus,
wherein the exhaust for one of the motor means is the motive
fluid for a second motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
597 for a fluid motor actuated by the exhaust energy of an
internal combustion engine.
663 for the automatic control of branched feed to, condition
of or heating means for fluid between motor stages in a
system having a steam generator.
677 for serially connected motors in system including means
generating motive fluid by externally applied heat.
Subclass:
716
This subclass is indented under subclass 698. Apparatus,
having means by which the motors are interconnected to drive
one output means.
Subclass:
717
This subclass is indented under subclass 716. Apparatus,
including a means by which power is delivered by an output
member separate from the common output.
Subclass:
718
This subclass is indented under subclass 716. Apparatus,
wherein a motor means is selectively engageable with the
output means so that the motor may actuate the output
individually or in concert.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclass .098 for
nominal or specific motors and adjustable clutch or gears
means wherein there is a specific control for the clutch, per
se, or an interrelated motor and clutch or gear control
means.
Subclass:
719
This subclass is indented under subclass 698. Apparatus,
with manual control means for the apparatus including (1)
structure by which the operations of the individual control
means for the separate motors or outputs are interlocked or
correlated; or (2) separate controllers grouped at a single
point for selective operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
471 for a system including a pressure fluid source and
plural ram type motors controlled by an externally operated
multiway valve or interconnected control elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclass .098 for
interrelated clutch and motor controls for a system including
multiple motors.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 85 for a pilot operated hydraulic
aircraft control system.
303, Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems, for a fluid
pressure brake system having a plurality of control means.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 34 for plural,
diversely controlled electrical motors.
Subclass:
720
This subclass is indented under subclass 698. Apparatus, in
which plural motors are mounted on a common supporting
structure.
Subclass:
721
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter not provided for in other subclasses.
Subclass:
722
Combustion products generator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.01. Plants
having a combustion device for producing products of
combustion and associated parts such as valves, outlet
nozzles, inlet diffusers, air compressors, air receivers,
fuel pumps, fuel vaporizer, fuel injectors, igniting devices,
or expansible or other chambers wherein a fuel and an
oxidizer are burned in a combustion zone, and wherein the
resulting products of combustion are disclosed solely for
utilization in a prime mover for furnishing useful external
power.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.23 for combustion products generator in combination with
means to vary the air flow.
39.34 for rotating combustion products generator and
turbine.
39.36 for coaxial combustion products generator and
turbine.
39.37 for plural combustion products generators in a ring,
coaxial with a turbine shaft.
39.46 for combustion products generators which are modified
to use oxidizer or fuel other than air, oil, or gasoline, and
those which use a solid fuel carrying oxidizer.
39.55 for combustion products generator having means to
inject water or steam therein.
39.6 for combustion products generator in combination with a
motor of the expansible chamber type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 107 for
combined retorts for gasifying oil and means for introducing
air or oxygen.
110, Furnaces, appropriate subclasses for furnace structure
and accessories for solid fuel.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 281 for
apparatus for generating a gas, which may involve
combustion.
431, Combustion, appropriate subclasses for combustion
apparatus of general utility.
Subclass:
723
Having catalyst in combustion zone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Device having
a zone wherein fuel is burned and having a catalyst in said
zone to directly affect the burning reaction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.46 for dissociation of a fuel or oxidizer by use of a
catalyst prior to a combustion reaction.
299 for catalytic treatment of the exhaust gases from a
reciprocating piston-type internal combustion engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, for catalytic
apparatus for producing a chemical reaction in a gas for
general utility.
431, Combustion, subclass 7 for catalytic combustors of
general utility.
Subclass:
724
Plural with intercycling by pressure fluctuations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Device wherein
at least two of the devices are of the intermittent
combustion type and are related by interconnecting means so
that cyclic events such as fuel or oxidizer inlet, fuel
injection scavenging, ignition, or exhaust in one combustion
device are influenced directly by pressure changes due to
cyclic events in the other combustion device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.77 for combustion products generators of the intermittent
combustion type.
247 for reaction motors utilizing intermittent combustion
(e.g., pulse jets).
Subclass:
725
Having noise reduction means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Device having
means to reduce or suppress acoustic propagations from or
within the combustion device.
(1) Note. Included herein are means to suppress resonance
of gases within the combustion device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, appropriate subclass for acoustic treatment
means.
431, Combustion, subclass 114 for combustion devices of
general utility having sound or pulsation attenuating means.
Subclass:
726
With means to pressurize oxidizer for combustion or other
purposes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Device having
specific means to place under pressure either (a) the
oxidizer to be employed in the combustion process, or (b) an
oxidizer to be used as a pressurized fluid for a
noncombustion supportive purpose.
(1) Note. Among other means for compressing a fluent
material this subclass includes: (a) means to bleed
pressurized oxidizer intermediate stages of a compressor for
delivery of pressurized oxidizer to a combustion or for
cooling a combustion device, or, (b) compressor means,
auxiliary to that used to compress the combustion supporting
oxidizer, for compressing what may be a combustion oxidizer
but which is used solely for another purpose such as for
cooling the combustion device.
Subclass:
727
With oxidizer accumulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 726. Device having
means located within the oxidizer flow path between a
compressor and the combustion zone of the combustion device
for storing a mass of said oxidizer for subsequent use.
Subclass:
728
Having oxidizer cooling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 726. Device having
a means to cool at least a portion of the oxidizer prior to
its use in the combustion zone or prior to its use for some
other purpose in the combustion device.
(1) Note. This subclass includes means to inject a
vaporized coolant, such as water or fuel, into a combustion
supporting air flow to effect cooling thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
257 for reaction motors employing means to cool or liquefy
air for subsequent use in the formation of a propellant for
said motor.
Subclass:
729
Reciprocating positive displacement type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 726. Device wherein
the means placing the oxidizer under pressure comprises a
contractible chamber formed by the reciprocation of a portion
of said chamber relative to another portion of said chamber.
Subclass:
730
With liquid heat exchanger:
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Device having
means to transfer heat to a coolant supplied for such purpose
in the liquid state.
(1) Note. The liquid coolant may vaporize while in the
process of absorbing heat from the device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.18 for plants where the heat absorbing fluid is
subsequently utilized to drive a motor after absorbing heat
and thereby cooling the device.
39.53 for plants wherein water is added to the combustion
products to cool the same at some point prior to the
discharge thereof from the prime mover which uses said
products.
267 for heat exchanger means using liquid to cool reaction
motors.
736 for plants having means to use fuel as a liquid coolant
and to subsequently use said coolant as fuel in a combustion
device.
Subclass:
731
With combustion products accumulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Device and one
or more storage vessel means for receiving all or a portion
of the products of combustion from one or more combustion
devices for subsequent use by a prime mover.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.13 for accumulators including means to stop and start the
operation of the combustion products generator in response to
pressure fluctuations in the accumulator.
39.56 wherein the water accumulator or boiler serves as a
mixing chamber for combustion products and steam.
39.59 for mixing chambers for combustion products and
steam.
281 for combinations of internal-combustion engines and
exhaust gas accumulators.
632 for one shot explosion actuated expansible chamber type
motors.
Subclass:
732
Having initial fuel-rich combustion zone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Device having
a plurality of combustion zones distinguished by the
fuel-oxidizer ratio supplied to each zone for combustion
therein, and wherein an amount of fuel in excess of that
required for stoichiometric combustion is supplied to a first
fuel-rich zone for combustion, and to the product of that
combustion, and downstream of the first zone, additional fuel
or air is added for combustion at one or more locations in
what is considered an additional zone or zones whereby the
total combustion process of the device is staged.
(1) Note. Excluded from this subclass are those devices
provided with a separate fuel-rich combustion zone which
serves only as an igniter or initiator such as a pilot flame;
see this class (60), subclass 39.82.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.06 for methods of fuel injection.
739 for manifold means supplying a plurality of separate
injectors as least two of which inject fuel into separate
combustion zones.
746 for plural, distinct, spaced injectors for plural
distinct combustion zones.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
431, Combustion, subclass 10 for means to add an oxidizer to
a region of incomplete combustion.
Subclass:
733
This subclass is indented under subclass 732. Separate fuel
injectors for plural zones: Device having fuel injector means
for the fuel-rich zone and additional fuel injector means
disposed downstream of said fuel-rich zone to supply fuel to
the combustion products discharged from the fuel-rich zone.
(1) Note. The additional injector means may supply both
oxidizer and fuel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
746 for separate fuel injectors for separate zone having the
same fuel-oxidizer mixture.
Subclass:
734
Having fuel supply system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Device having
means to supply fuel to the device or to inject fuel into the
zone therein where the fuel is combusted.
Subclass:
735
Fuel injected into turbine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 734. Device in
combination with a turbine having an impeller element and
including means to inject fuel into said element.
(1) Note. Fuel may either be injected by an injector
located structurally within the turbine, or fuel may be
injected just upstream of the turbine to flow thereinto. The
fuel may or may not combust within the turbine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, subclass 115 for
a turbine having passage means in a vane, shaft, or rotary
distributor through which a fluid may be supplied to the
turbine; and subclass 116 for means to supply diverse fluids
to a turbine.
Subclass:
736
Fuel preheated upstream of injector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 734. Device having
means to heat the fuel prior to the point where it exits the
injector and enters the combustion zone.
(1) Note. Preheating a mixture of fuel and air downstream
of the fuel injector is excluded from this subclass. See
subclass 738.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
431, Combustion, 161 for combustion devices of general
utility wherein fuel for the device is heated by heat
generated by the device; and subclasses 207+ for combustion
devices of general utility having a flame holder and means to
heat fuel supplied to the flame holder.
Subclass:
737
Fuel and air premixed prior to combustion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 734. Device having
means whereby fuel and air may be mixed prior to the point
where combustion occurs.
(1) Note. A separate means may be provided which permits
the air fuel mixing to be completed prior to combustion by
prohibiting flame flashback from the combustion zone to the
mixing zone.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 419 for
injector means capable of mixing separately supplied fluid at
or beyond its outlet.
Subclass:
738
Premix tube within combustion zone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 737. Device wherein
at least a portion of the air and fuel are mixed downstream
of the injector, and prior to combustion, within a conduit
means which is itself within the combustion zone whereby the
fluids being mixed may be heated but not caused to combust by
the gases in the combustion zone.
Subclass:
739
With fuel supply manifold for separate injectors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 734. Device having
conduit means for delivering fuel from a source to a
plurality of separate and spaced fuel injectors.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.37 for gas turbines having a plurality of combustion
devices arranged in a ring whose axis is coaxial with the
turbine shaft and having manifold means whereby fuel may be
supplied to the combustion devices.
261 for fuel manifolds for supplying fuel to a plurality of
reaction motor afterburners.
270 for fuel manifolds used in ramjet engines.
742 for unitary injectors having plural fuel flow paths and
manifold or flow dividing means supplying said paths from a
source.
Subclass:
740
With fuel injector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 734. Combustion
devices in combination with means to inject fuel into the
combustion device wherein significance is attributed to (a)
the injector structure, (b) the relationship of the injector
in the combustion device, (c) the modification of the
structure of the combustion device to accommodate or to
cooperate with the injector, or (d) the modification of the
operation of the injector in view of its environment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.06 for processes involving fuel injection.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass 86,
87, 88+, 95, 96, 132, 398+, and 583+ for terminal outlet
members per se of the type usually provided to inject fuel
into a combustion chamber or for other fluid distributors
even though disclosed as burners.
431, Combustion, 159 for a means injecting fuel into a
heating furnace; and subclasses 350+ for a fuel feed device
having flame enclosing or stabilizing structure.
Subclass:
741
Fuel control valve integral with injector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 740. Device having
a valve means disposed as a part of the injector structure to
control the flow of fuel therethrough.
(1) Note. The valve means may be a line condition
responsive means such as a check valve.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 407 for
fluid injectors of general utility having valve means
therein.
Subclass:
742
Unitary injector having plural fuel flow paths:
This subclass is indented under subclass 740. Device having
a plurality of structurally interconnected fuel injectors or
discharge means, forming a unitary structure, from which fuel
may flow in a plurality of paths to be injected as such into
a combustion zone.
(1) Note. The plural injectors may be fed by either (a)
separate and distinct fuel sources, or (b) a single fuel
source with a fuel divider or manifold means to supply
separate streams of fuel to the plurality of injectors.
(2) Note. A unitary injector having a single flow path but
having a nozzle provided with a plurality of terminal
orifices is not considered subject matter for this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
746 for plural injectors spaced apart or feeding distinct
combustion zones.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass 400
for injectors of general utility combining three or more
fluid streams; and subclass 422 for injectors combining three
or more fluid streams at or beyond the injector outlet.
Subclass:
743
Surface film injector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 740. Device
including a surface means onto which fuel is deposited to
become a thin film thereon so that it may be burned, mixed
with other fluent material, or vaporized for subsequent
burning.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are means to generate a
surface film of fuel that is to be sheared by an air blast
for atomization thereof.
Subclass:
744
Rotary fuel injector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 740. Device wherein
the injector is provided with a rotating fuel impelling
means.
(1) Note. Excluded from this subclass are those injectors
having no rotating fuel directing parts even though other
means may be provided to rotate the fuel stream. See
subclasses 734+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
431, Combustion, subclass 168 for a rotary fuel dispenser
employed in a combustion device of general utility.
Subclass:
745
Slinger type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 744. Device wherein
the injector is connected to or forms a part of a rotatable
shaft of a work producing motor means, said injector having a
fuel dispensing opening spaced radially from the axis of said
shaft, so that when the shaft is rotated, fuel is forced out
of said opening by centrifugal force.
(1) Note. Fuel may be conducted to the injector through a
conduit in the rotatable shaft.
Subclass:
746
Plural distinct injectors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 740. Device wherein
a plurality of injector units, each physically spaced from
the other, are provided in a combustion device.
(1) Note. Mere duplicate circumferentially spaced
combustion device each having a single injector is not
considered subject matter for this subclass. Classification
there is based upon the structure of one of the devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.5 for plural distinct injectors feeding each of a
plurality of combustion devices wherein the devices are
separated by a motor means (i.e., a turbine with a combustion
products generator upstream and an afterburner downstream).
742 for a plurality of injectors combined in a unitary
structure.
Subclass:
747
Injectors in distinct radially spaced parallel flow
combustion products generators arranged to combine
discharge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 746. Device having
at least one injector in each of a plurality of combustion
devices, that are at least in part physically separated along
a radial line from the center of a grouping, so that their
flow paths are parallel and the discharge of each of the
combustion devices is combined to form a single path
discharge of combustion products.
Subclass:
748
With attendant coaxial air swirler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 740. Device having
a means to discharge air so that it swirls in a coaxial
relationship with the fuel discharged by the injector.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 399 for
injectors of general utility having means to whirl the
discharge.
431, Combustion, 183 for combustion devices of general
utility having stationary blades coaxial with a fuel
dispenser to whirl air.
Subclass:
749
Having bluff flame stabilization means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 734. Device having
means positioned to stabilize the flame as it flows in a
combustion zone by creating therein a zone of decreased
linear flow velocity, said means being (a) aerodynamically
designed to cause the formation of eddies, vortices, etc., or
(b) aerodynamically smooth with means for selective
modification thereof to create a stabilization zone as by the
use of fluid injected into the surrounding flow to create
flow separation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
261 for flame holders employed in afterburners for jet
engines.
270 for flame holders employed in ramjet engines.
752 for flame stabilization effected solely by the manner in
which air is supplied to a burner creating flow patterns
therein to stabilize the flame.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, 322 for baffles and heat retainers for
furnaces.
Subclass:
750
Having means to recycle combustion products internally of the
combustion zone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Device having
means to recirculate the combustion products from a
downstream zone or the downstream portion of a single zone
back to an upstream zone or the upstream portion of a single
zone.
(1) Note. The recirculating means may comprise a jet pump
or other means to draw the combustion products back to be
reintroduced into an upstream combustion area.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.52 for recirculation of combustion products from a point
downstream of a motor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
431, Combustion, 115 for combustors of general utility
employing combustion products return structure.
Subclass:
751
Having diffuser for air inlet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Device having
means upstream of the combustion zone adapted to increase the
static pressure of the incoming air for combustion by
reducing its kinetic energy.
Subclass:
752
Combustor liner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Device having
specific means directly engaging and enclosing the flame in
the combustion zone.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
431, Combustion, 350 for combustion devices of general
utility having a flame enclosing liner.
Subclass:
753
Ceramic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 752. Device wherein
at least a portion of the flame enclosing means is formed of
a nonmetallic mineral.
Subclass:
754
Porous:
This subclass is indented under subclass 752. Device wherein
the flame enclosing means is formed at least in part with
minute regular or irregular openings for the passage of air.
(1) Note. The porous portion of the flame enclosing means
may be made from sintered material, small mesh screen,
punched sheet material having a high density of openings per
unit area, etc.
Subclass:
755
Having means to direct flow along inner surface of liner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 752. Device having
means to direct incoming air so that it has a flow component
parallel with a wall of the flame enclosing means.
Subclass:
756
Air directed to flow along inner surface or liner dome:
This subclass is indented under subclass 755. Device wherein
the flame enclosing means is provided with means enclosing
the upstream end thereof and is provided with means to cause
all or a position of the incoming air to flow tangentially
with said end enclosing means.
Subclass:
757
In an axial direction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 755. Device wherein
the flame enclosing means has an axis which extends fore and
aft thereof or in an upstream-downstream direction, and the
incoming air is directed along a surface of said enclosing
means substantially parallel with said axis.
Subclass:
758
Air introduced into liner counter to flow of combustion
products:
This subclass is indented under subclass 752. Device having
means to inject air into the flame enclosing means with a
flow component at the point of injection in a direction
opposite the flow of combustion products therein to promote
fluid mixing or flame stabilization.
Subclass:
759
Air scoop extends into air flowing outside liner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 752. Device wherein
the exterior of the flame enclosing means is provided with
means to capture air flowing exteriorly of and directing it
through openings in said enclosing means, said capturing
means thereby altering either the speed or direction of the
captured air.
Subclass:
760
Air outside liner flows counter to combustion products flow
within liner:
Device under 752 wherein the incoming air is caused to flow
exteriorly of the flame enclosing means at least in part in a
direction counter the direction of flow of the combustion
products within the enclosing means.
(1) Note. The combustion devices classified herein are
commonly referred to as "reverse flow" or "counter flow"
combustors.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
900
EXCESS AIR TO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE TO ASSIST EXHAUST
TREATMENT:
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. A
cross-reference collection based on a manner of operating an
engine to control pollution by adjustably setting the air
feed to the engine. Much of the art is from Class 123,
Internal-Combustion Engines; subclasses 568.11+, charge
forming devices having exhaust gas used with the combustible
mixture. See also ... of Class 60 for the control of the
air, fuel, or ignition of an engine, responsive to the
condition of an exhaust treating reactor.
Subclass:
901
EXHAUST TREATMENT SPECIAL TO ROTARY INTERNAL COMBUSTION
ENGINE:
Cross-reference collection disclosing a treatment or handling
of exhaust from a rotary internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
902
ROTARY REACTOR SEPARATOR, OR TREATER OF EXHAUST OF AN
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE:
Cross-reference collection disclosing a rotary device in the
exhaust gas.
Subclass:
903
CLOSURE OPERATORS:
Systems that are disclosed as operating doors, windows, gates
etc.
Subclass:
904
PROPELLER OR AIRPLANE SYSTEM:
Systems that are disclosed as controlling the pitch of a
propeller or as operating an element of an airplane.
Subclass:
905
WINDING AND REELING:
Systems disclosed as operating a reel or winding a rope or
strand.
Subclass:
906
ENGINE SPEED RESPONSIVE THROTTLE CONTROL SYSTEM:
Systems disclosed as receiving a signal indicative of the
speed of an engine and controlling the throttle of the
engine.
Subclass:
907
WORKING MEMBER POSITIONED AGAINST COUNTERFORCE BY CONSTANTLY
APPLIED MOTIVE FLUID:
System in which a constantly maintained, though variable,
pressure positions a member against bias or maintains
substantially constant pull or thrust.
Subclass:
908
WASHING MACHINE SYSTEM:
Systems disclosed as operating a clothes washing machine.
Subclass:
909
REACTION MOTOR OR COMPONENT COMPOSED OF SPECIFIC MATERIAL:
Cross-reference collection of art disclosing reaction motors
or components thereof which are composed of specific
materials.
Subclass:
910
FREE PISTON:
Cross-reference collection of art disclosing free piston
arrangements in power plants.
Subclass:
911
FLUID MOTOR SYSTEM INCORPORATING ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:
Cross-reference collection of art disclosing fluid motor
systems provided with or incorporating an electrical system.
Subclass:
912
COOLING MEANS:
Cross-reference collection of art disclosing power plants
provided with special cooling devices or structures.
Subclass:
913
COLLECTION OF REGGIO PATENTS:
Cross-reference collection of art drawn to those patents
granted to Reggio and related to turbo or super-charging
devices.
Subclass:
914
EXPLOSIVE:
Cross-reference collection of art disclosing power plants
utilizing explosives.
Subclass:
915
COLLECTION OF GODDARD PATENTS:
Cross-reference collection of art drawn to patents granted to
Robert Goddard and related to early developments in liquid
fuel rocketry.
Subclass:
916
UNITARY CONSTRUCTION:
Cross-reference collection of art disclosing power plants or
their components constructed a single member or structure.
Subclass:
917
SOLID FUEL RAMJET USING PULVERIZED FUEL:
Cross-reference collection of art disclosing power plants for
producing a useful thrust in one direction in an opposite
direction comprising a means for or step of producing said
motive fluid and a means for or step of ejecting said motive
fluid in which the means for producing motive fluid includes
a combustion or heating chamber and air is supplied to said
chamber due only to the forward motion of the apparatus and
further wherein the fuel to produce the motive fluid is
pulverized fuel.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000