This is the residual class for static structures. It includes on site erected structures generally identified by terms such as: civil engineering, public works, shelter, housing, buildings or masts and other related components used in such structures, e.g., panels, beams, columns. etc. Also, included are selected structurally similar components, such as, table top panels, poles, posts, window sash elements or door panels even though not disclosed as specialized as components of a building structure. Also, are included processes, machines and implements used in the construction of such structures which are not elsewhere provided for.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 see the (1) Note, for exemplary classes and subclasses that provide for an article or article support installed in means forming an enclosure or part thereof.
198 see the search class reference to Class 454 for a ventilating structure with air directing or controlling features other than mere windows.
204.1 for a structure having defined structure outlining a passageway which traverses a barrier (e.g., wall), said passageway is designed for a means which allows access of light, air, people, or a pet and see the attached search notes to this subclass definition.

REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
14, Bridges, appropriate subclasses for nonmasonry or nonconcrete static structure specialized to carrying traffic across a space between supports.
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses, particularly 201 for houses and kilns having means for drying and/or gas or vapor contact with solids, and subclass 237 for reticulated floors for distributing a drying medium.
47, Plant Husbandry, for buildings having features specialized to the care, treatment and support of the growth of plants.
49, Movable or Removable Closures, for closure panels mounted for movement or removal including support means for such closures having features providing for such movement or removal of a closure panel. This class (52) takes panels, per se, (1) even though defined as doors or windows, (2) structure defining an opening through a barrier, (3) structure having a feature for movement or removal of a panel section for purposes of repair or assembly or disassembly, (4) a transparent panel (window) with means to treat the panel not elsewhere provided for and (5) a building or barrier with a movable closure and having an additional feature other than one merely forming an enclosure or support for the movable closure. See Subclass References to Current Class, above, regarding a structure having defined structure outlining a passageway which traverses a barrier (e.g., wall).
105, Railway Rolling Stock, appropriate subclass, for a vehicle specialized to use as railway rolling stock, particularly subclass 375 and 422 for floors, and subclasses 396+ for car framing and structure. In general, structure forming a box-like enclosure of general application is in Class 52, even though defined as a "vehicle body" or the like. Also a vehicle body with a feature for conversion from a vehicle to a static structure is also in Class 52, e.g., a vehicle with ground engaging braces or guys.
109, Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device, appropriate subclasses, for a static structure of a building combined with devices provided for in Class 109, i.e., means resisting attack which do more than merely contribute to structural strength, particularly 78 for wall structure with specific penetration resistant features.
110, Furnaces, appropriate subclasses for furnace structure with features specialized to furnace operation, e.g., 297 for a furnace provided with fluid supply structure; subclass 308 for fluid heater wall structure; subclasses 331+ for furnace arch or roof structure; subclasses 336+ for furnace wall structure; and subclasses 338+ for furnace brick structure. The mere recitation of a refractory, coated or oxidizably coated refractory, is not considered a recitation of a feature specialized to furnace operation. See the search notes to other classes in References to Other Classes, herein.
114, Ships, particularly 65 for a structure specialized to a
ship and see the search note for Railway Rolling Stock, in References to Other Classes, herein.
119, Animal Husbandry, subclass 301, 302+, 311+, 329+, 400+, and 416+ for enclosures having significant structure or combined with a feature for that class.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 6 and 494 for furnace structure combined with tubes for liquid to be heated.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, appropriate subclasses for a structure with features peculiar to that class, particularly 144 for fire pots and linings, and see the search note for Furnaces, in References to Other Classes, herein.
135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane. The line is: Class 52 takes: (1) structures which are strengthened or shaped by fluid pressure (see subclass 2.11 ), (2) an in situ erected enclosure or shelter having as a component thereof a rigidly framed prefabricated panel even though it may have flexible surfacing (see subclass 63) and (3) certain covers which are entirely supported by an article or pile of material (see subclasses 3+) and (4) other in situ erected type rigid buildings. Class 135 takes other portable covers, or shelters surfaced with flaccid material, whether hand or earth supported.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits. The line between Class 52 and Class 138 is: Class 52 takes rigid tubular structures specialized to use as or in an in situ erected static structure, e.g., (1) a tubular structure of like components (modules) juxtaposed in an axial direction, (2) a curved segment, e.g., a curved cast arch or a curved module per se, (3) a module having intersecting passages, (4) a module having a through passage and a joint forming feature on at least one end surface intersecting said passage, (5) a tubular structure with means projecting from the wall thereof having a rigidifying function other than merely forming the tube, e.g., a tube with means to support a structural component or (6) an open-work load-bearing tube such as a box girder, mast, etc. Class 138 takes a tubular structure of more general application, e.g., (1) a tubular structure forming a clear through passage which is only defined by a cross-section normal to a longitudinal axis, (2) a flexible (nonrigid) tubular structure or (3) a tubular structure having reinforcement generally conforming to and embedded in or applied to the wall thereof to increase the strength of the tube rather than to adapt it for use as a load-bearing component of a building component.
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel. The line is: Class 160, takes: (a) Closures and other panel units utilizing flexible sheet material or fabrics to constitute the panel portion. (b) Closures and panel units made of plural strips, slabs or panels interconnected with one another for relative motion. (c) Closures and panel units of
either or both types (a) and (b) combined with closures or panel units of other types. Class 52 takes: (1) rigid panels or (2) plural panels with a flexible section forming an enclosure. As to (a) above, the subject matter, if claimed generically or defining Class 160 subject matter, is placed in Class 160.
165, Heat Exchange, 53 for a heat exchanger related to a wall, ceiling or floor which heat exchanger is defined as more than a mere heating or cooling duct within a barrier.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, appropriate subclass for a pole, post or anti-inductive shield, e.g., building having defined a feature specialized to such use, e.g., conductor, insulator or means supporting it or a barrier or enclosure having means forming a conductive path between components, particularly 35 for anti-inductive shields.
181, Acoustics, particularly subclass 30 and 284+ for a panel having a physical configuration or relationship of components, peculiar to the attenuation of sound. This class takes such a panel combined with an additional feature for a static building structure, e.g., means for mounting them to form an enclosure or barrier.
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, for (1) ladder, i.e., stairs without risers except helical stairs, (2) ladder or scaffold attached to a building where only sufficient structure to attach the ladder or scaffold is defined, (3) ladder, scaffold or tower with a platform which in use is intended to support a person and (4) structure with additional features specialized to escaping from a building.
202, Distillation: Apparatus, 222 for structural features peculiar to a thermolytic distillation retort.
220, Receptacles, appropriate subclasses for a portable type container especially 1.5, 3.2+, 216, 484, 565+, and 581+ and also other containers made of other materials not specifically provided for in other container classes.
238, Railways: Surface Track, 84 for a plastic, e.g., concrete, railway tie.
244, Aeronautics, 117 for an aircraft structure having a defined feature specialized to Class 244 and see the search note for Railway Rolling Stock, in References to Other Classes, herein.
249, Static Molds, for molds in which the form panels are removed after molding and see the reference in subclass 1 and 213 of Class 249.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 517.1 for a ray energy shielding structure having defined features specialized for such use.
256, Fences, for a structure having features peculiar to such use, particularly fences limited structurally to a definite height or posts having features for retaining fence wires or rails.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, appropriate subclasses, particularly 280 for an apparatus having structure with a feature specialized to such use, e.g., a leak proof furnace bottom construction, blast furnace bell cover, localized lining or oxidizable blocks, oxidizable devices between refractory blocks, etc., and see the above reference to Class 110.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, appropriate subclasses for an enclosure having a feature specialized to use as or with land vehicles and see the search note for Railway Rolling Stock, in References to Other Classes, herein.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, for a construction forming an enclosure which as an entity is portable, i.e., merely rests on a surface in its use position as distinct from a structure for Class 52 which is generally assembled at the job site. See also Subclass References to the Current Class, above, for the location of a discussion of exemplary classes and subclasses that provide for an article or article support installed in means forming an enclosure or part thereof.
396, Photography, 1 for a specialized photos:graphic studio.
403, Joints and Connections, for joints or junctures formed by members connected together at a single locus of more general application. Class 52 takes joints specialized to use in constructions generally identified by terms such as: housing, public works or civil engineering, e.g., rigid module or panel joints. In interpreting this line the following exemplary subject matter is in Class 52; (1) a system of physical connected joints forming a load bearing construction or accommodating itself to a transverse loading, e.g., a truss frame or a composite or tapered shaft; (2) connected rigid panels or modules having integral or permanently attached modifications on plural edges thereof for repetitious edge-to-edge connection, (3) a rigid panel connected by or to elongated rigid load resisting members, e.g., studs, columns, etc., in generally parallel planes, (4) rigid panels held in a fixed relationship to each other or to a sub-structure by a plurality of mechanical connectors, (5) a composite structure having a specified feature for receiving an impaling type fastener, e.g., a nailing beam or panel, (6) rigid panels with edge portions lapped so their edges lie in different planes, (7) rigid panels having a bridger strip overlying their edge juncture and (8) joined components incorporating an adjunct having a Class 52 function, e.g., a joint with means for retaining an external dissimilar element, e.g., a panel.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for road structure limited to highway or walkway use. Structure of general utility, and particularly where Class 52 provides a specific subclass locus for such structure - is classified in Class 52.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 15 for bank, shore, or bed protecting structures (e.g., revetments, breakwaters, etc.); subclasses 52+ for fluid control structures (dams, dikes, canals, channels, etc.); subclasses 132+ for underground shaft and tunnel construction; subclasses 195.1+ for miscellaneous static marine structures; subclasses 229+ for foundations not provided for elsewhere; and subclasses 258+ for earth treating or control structures (e.g., retaining walls, sheet piles, etc.).
410, Freight Accommodation on Freight Carrier, 129 for load bracing panels or movable or removable bulkheads.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, for a stock material product or article of that class not having either a physical feature for cooperation with another panel structure or mechanical means for connecting plural components of the panel, and see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, in the main definition of Class 428.
432, Heating, 247 for chamber structure specialized to heating, and see the search note for Furnaces, in References to Other Classes, herein.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 85 for construction toys; and subclasses 476+ for toy buildings.
454, Ventilation, for buildings having means for directing air in a desired internal path or including air flow compelling means and see Subclass References to the Current Class, above, regarding a ventilating structure with air directing or controlling features other than mere windows.
607, Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application, 81 for a cabinet having features for treating a patient by light, heat, or electrical effects.

GLOSSARY:
ARCHITRAVE
The finish around and extending away from a door or window opening.
BACKER
Means forming an extended surface against which a settable material is cast, e.g., troweled, spread, poured etc., the material when set forming a wear surface or facing.
BARRIER
A construction forming an extended indefinite surface preventing or inhibiting the passage of persons or things, e.g., wall, ceiling, floor, roof or cover.
BLOCK
A module whose depth is substantial relative to its length and height and which in use forms a stable load-bearing member.
COVER
Generally synonymous with "roof" but used where "roof" in some instances may be inapt, e.g., a covering supported by an article, a canopy, a man-hole closure, etc.
DISPARATE ARTICLE
An article which does not form an essential component of a building construction of plural components, but is in the nature of an adjunct having no essential load-bearing, supporting, joining or protective function.
ENCLOSURE
Means surrounding an area or volume to be occupied by persons, animals or goods.
ENTRANCE
An opening for persons or things, but not for a fluid or a mass of particles having a fluid like characteristic.
FACER OR FACING (SEE MODULE)
An element or structure which (1) forms an exposed surface section of a barrier or (2) the panel held by a frame, a framing element or an elongated sustainer, e.g., the movable closure part of a door or window. In the latter respect it differs from a module in that it is not used in repetition to form an extended surface.
FLASHING
Thin sheet of material covering or extending into a joint to deflect liquid from the joint.
LOAD-BEARING
A construction or component which is sufficiently strong and rigid to act as the primary support for other constructions or components against gravity or to resist transverse loading (see sustainer).
MODULAR
A construction utilizing modules.
MODULE
A component of building construction, usually designated by terms such as; brick, block, slab, panel, tile, sheet, precast monolith, etc., which when assembled in repetitious juxtaposition with other such preformed shapes (with or without interposed connecting means or material) define a surface of a construction, e.g., of a wall, ceiling or floor.
MONOLITH
A structure erected in situ by casting a water-settable composition, e.g., plaster or concrete.
PANEL (SEE MODULE)
The term panel is used to denote a thin rigid sheetlike structure which may not be disclosed as used repetitiously, e.g., table top or pane.
PORTAL
Structure defining an opening through a barrier for the passage of light, air, persons or things, e.g., the framing for a door or a window opening.
PREFORM OR PRESHAPE
A component of a building construction which is in completed form before its use at the job site. (Compare Module).
REBAR
An art term for a concrete reinforcing rod. A rebar chair is a device for spacing a rebar from a concrete form.
REINFORCEMENT, EMBEDDED
A body placed within and covered by a cast material or a foraminous member wherein the holes are filled by a cast material.
REVEAL
The sides of a door or window opening between the faces of the barrier.
ROOF (SEE COVER)
A rigid cover extending above and supported by the uppermost termini of walls or columns.
SETTABLE MATERIAL
A component which is applied or formed in a fluent condition but sets or hardens in the final product, e.g., concrete, cement or plaster.
SHAFT (SEE SUSTAINER)
A member which has a limited closed periphery and which is greatly elongated relative to its length. It is generic to "sustainer" in that it may not have a load bearing function.
SPECIFIED
The subclass definition must be referred to.
STIFFENER
Means embedded in cast material or extending between sustainers or load bearing components which act to strengthen a construction in contradistinction to acting as a primary loadbearing or bend-resisting member.
SUSTAINER
A rigid member or construction having a limited closed periphery which is (1) greatly elongated relative to any lateral dimension (2) resists transverse loading and (3) supports or retains other components of a building construction, e.g., stud, joist, beam, or column.
TENDON
A tensioned strandlike component of a unit which places the principal part of the unit under compression.
TILE
A thin, relatively rigid module which when applied repetitiously in edge-to-edge relationship to a backing surface forms an exposed facing

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure comprising means to sense a condition and to exercise a control operation of a structure or component thereof in response to said condition.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 67 for a destructible or deformable control of a fluid device and subclass 468 for a residual
thermal responsive valve.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 26 for such a device with a pressure compensator.
169, Fire Extinguishers, 56 for condition responsive control of an extinguishing system and subclass 42 for a fusible connection, per se.
454, Ventilation, 70, 75, 229, 238, 239, 255, 256, and 340 for automatic control of ventilating systems.

SHAPED OR STRENGTHENED BY FLUID PRESSURE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure in which a totally enclosed fluid is utilized to shape, support, or strengthen a building structure or component.
(1) Note. The following exemplary locations are noted as providing for or including structure involving the use of an inflating fluid:

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for an article or material supported cover.
63 for an enclosure which includes a flaccid, nonmetallic, or foraminous surfacing.
115 for a fluid pressure actuated, relatively movable shaft assembly.
204.52 for a passage between the internal volume of a double pane panel and the ambient, which passage may be plugged and the internal volume pressurized.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, subclass 499 for an air inflatable or air supported covering for a pool, or subclass 588 for an inflatable bath tub for an infant.
5, Beds, 449 for an inflatable mattress or cushion.
49, Movable or Removable Closures, subclass 477.1 inflatable or fluid pressure responsive closure seal.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 34 for a bellows-type, expansible chamber or subclasses 89+ for a collapsible chamber wall portion (e.g., hinged, flexible wall, etc.).
128, Surgery, subclass 118.1 for an inflatable pad to press
against a human body as part of a method or apparatus of doing a diagnostic test or subclass 865 for an inflatable or expandable ear protector.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclass 93 for an inflatable closure or plug for a pipe.
152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, 450 for a pneumatic tire or inner tube.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, 145 for a method of encapsulating permanently fluent material in hollow or porous lamina or filling of space between adhered laminae, subclass 156 for a method of using fluid pressure to prevent collapse of hollow structure during assembly and/or joining, or subclass 286 for a method of using direct application of vacuum or fluid pressure during bonding to remove gas from between assembled laminae.
166, Wells, subclass 187 for a packer or plug expanded by confined fluid from a central chamber, pump, or plunger.
220, Receptacles, subclass 232 for a receptacle having a closure that includes an inflatable gasket or packing.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 5 for a heavier-than-air aircraft that has its weight diminished by buoyant gas, subclasses 24+ for aircraft that is lighter than air, subclass 98 for a gas bag inflation control for a lighter-than-air aircraft, or subclass 128 lighter-than-air aircraft gas cell construction and arrangement.
254, Implement or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, 93 pushing and pulling implements actuated by fluid pressure.
267, Spring Devices, 64.11 for a spring device for a vehicle that uses compressible fluid.
273, Amusement Devices: Games, 65 for an inflatable football or basketball.
277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing means or process, 331 for an inflatable packer for well apparatus, subclass 583 for a dynamic circumferential contacting inflatable seal or seal biased by an inflatable member, subclass 605 for a hollow, fluid filled or inflatable static contacting seal for a pipe, conduit, or cable, or subclass 646 for an inflatable static contact seal for other than an internal combustion engine, or pipe, conduit, or cable.
383, Flexible Bags, subclass 3 for an inflatable bag.
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, 40 for an inflatable raft or subclasses 90+ for a personal water rescue or life protecting flotation device including mechanical inflation
means.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 220 for an inflatable toy.
450, Foundation Garments, subclass 38 for a device designed to fit a breast or chest (e.g., brassieres, etc.) of a human body to protect, compress, support, restrain, or alter its configuration including inflatable or liquid-containing chambers.
600, Surgery, subclass 31 for an implanted urinary or colonic incontinent device or treatment (e.g., artificial sphincters, etc.) having fluid actuated occluding means (e.g., inflatable cuff, etc.) for a human body.
604, Surgery, 96.01 for treating material introduced or removed through a conduit, holder, or implantable reservoir inserted in a human body orifice and inflated in a human body (e.g., inflatable nozzle, dilator, balloon catheter, occluder, etc.).
606, Surgery, 191 for an internal pressure applicator (e.g., dilator) that is inflatable or expandable by fluid or subclass 202 for a pneumatic cuff external pressure applicator.

Loading dock doorway seal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11. Structure wherein the building structure or component comprises one or more tubular members, which members are mounted around at least a substantial part of the periphery of an opening defining a passage into and out of a building (e.g., a warehouse) and which will, when inflated, perform a sealing and cushioning function.
(1) Note. The members are intended, most commonly, to be engaged by the rear of a body of a vehicle which is being loaded or unloaded through the opening, the purpose being to minimize the infiltration of outside air into the building and the vehicle.
(2) Note. The presence or absence of a conventional closure member for the opening is immaterial insofar as the subject matter of this subclass is concerned.

Confined tubular element exerts force:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11. Structure
wherein the building structure or component comprises a tubular element which is located between two, relatively rigid members and which, when inflated, develops an outward force against the members.
(1) Note. In some instances, both of the member are fixed, but, in other instances, at least one of the members is intended to have some degree of movement.

For sealing a closure panel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.13. Structure wherein the tubular element is utilized as a seal for a plate-like member (e.g., of glass, wood, etc.) which serves to close a passage.

Form for hardenable material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11. Structure wherein the building structure or component comprises a member, often sheetlike in nature, which is shaped by the fluid it encloses and which, in turn, serves to shape or support one or more elements of a building that are being formed from material initially lacking a shape-retaining property, but which material subsequently undergoes a change of state and becomes relatively rigid.
(1) Note. Upon the change of state of the material, the member often becomes superfluous, and, in some instances, is removed.

Fluid pressure is subatmospheric:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11. Structure wherein the enclosed fluid is at a pressure which is less than that of the ambient air; i.e., a vacuum of one degree or another has been established.
(1) Note. The density of certain materials can be increased by subjecting them to a vacuum.

Including ingress/egress provision:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11. Structure wherein the enclosure includes a system, device, element, etc., which enables entry or exit, usually that of persons.
(1) Note. Included here is an air lock, a door, a flap, etc.

Intersecting tubular elements form framework:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11. Structure wherein the building structure or component comprises tubular elements which intersect one another and which, when inflated, form the frame members of a building.

Supported on rigid-walled structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11. Structure wherein the building structure or component comprises a sheetlike member which rests on and is affixed to the relatively rigid walls of an open-top enclosure.
(1) Note. The member sometimes serves as an upward extension of the enclosure, but, in other instances, is more nearly in the nature of a cover therefor.

Upstanding column (e.g., mast, tower):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11. Structure wherein the building structure or component comprises a tubular member, anchored at one end, which is extended by the fluid into a generally vertical position.
(1) Note. A structure of this subclass may be "self-erecting".
(2) Note. A structure of this subclass may consist of a plurality of members connected end-to-end.

Comprising spaced, sheetlike members and fluid chamber
therebetween:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11. Structure wherein the building structure or component comprises two or more flexible panels which are in a spaced-apart, more or less parallel relationship with one another and which are joined, at least along their perimeters, in a fluid-tight manner.

Including subdividing elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.22. Structure wherein a plurality of elements (e.g., webs), extending more or less transversely of, and fluid-tightly joined to, the members are provided for dividing the chamber into a plurality of smaller chambers.

Sheetlike member comprises plural, edge-joined sections:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11. Structure wherein the building structure or component is a flexible panel which is fabricated from number of smaller sections which have been joined (e.g., by a seam) to one another, fluid-tightly, along their perimeters.

Including holddown means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11. Structure wherein the building structure or component is provided with means for securing it to an underlying object, structure or surface.
(1) Note. Frequently, the building structure or component is being anchored to the ground.

Comprising strandlike element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.25. Structure wherein the hold-down means, or a component thereof, comprises at least one elongated, nonrigid elements (e.g., a cable, a rope, etc.).

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including means covering and supported by an article or a body of material, which article or body of material is not part of a static building structure, and which is not configured for a specific article.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, 65 for such structure compacting material within a silo.
135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane, 87 for nonarticle supported canopies.
150, Purses, Wallets, and Protective Covers, 154 for a protective cover of flaccid material for covering, and being supported by, a specific article, and see the Notes and the extensive Search Class notes thereof.
220, Receptacles, 216 for a receptacle with a cover which floats on its contents.

This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Structure including a feature which retains the cover and penetrates the ground or the article covered.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
155 for an earth piercing or expanding anchor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Structure which comprises a plurality of strips or slats fastened together by means which allow pivoted motion of one strip or slat relative to another.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
342 for openly spaced slat type lath.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel, 218 for movably interconnected slats or strips of more general utility.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter specialized to the presentation of an attraction or accommodation of an audience group, such specialized structure including (1) an arrangement of seats or slopes relative to the locus of the attraction, (2) a structure having means peculiar to the accommodation of the audience or (3) a stage, screen or area of activities which aid in the presentation of or serves as the locus of the attraction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36.1 for an enclosure combined with a piece of furniture or a fixture of more general application, e.g., a movable platform or support even though defined as a stage or theater seat but which is capable of use in other environments or individual seats.
182 for a stepped structure which could as well be used as strips, e.g., do not define seat and foot rest portions.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
472, Amusement Devices, particularly 75 for an apparatus or setting intended to be used on or in cooperation with the stage of a theater and subclasses 92+ for a playing or exhibition area enclosure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Structure including a movable floor or platform particularly related to a proscenium or to a seating arrangement for viewers.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, appropriate subclass for a platform of more general application.

This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Structure relating to a particular arrangement of seats relative to an enclosure or area of the presentation or attraction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for an outdoor theatre having traffic paths so that vehicles are disposed in a desired arrangement and 174+ for another structure with a traffic guiding feature.

This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Structure including a section of seats mounted for movement with respect to another section or to the floor upon which it rests.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
183 for a mere stepped structure of more general application having interconnected relatively movable components.

This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Structure wherein the shifting of the section is accomplished by, or aided by means releasing stored or generated energy, e.g., motor, spring, etc.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which forms a cover (roof) having an edge or forms a valley and in which there is a means located in, at or near the edge of the valley which provides for the drainage or discharge of liquid flowing from the upper surface of the cover into the means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
95 for a gable or eave construction with water discharge means for handling liquid from a subjacent area of the cover.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, subclass 48.1 for an eave trough support.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 119 for a trough or channel having no feature relating it to a roof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Structure comprising means for preventing debris from (1) entering the eave trough or (2) entering a downspout or other structure associated with said eave trough.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate subclasses, particularly 154, 459+, and 473+ for a strainer, per se, or a strainer combined with an eave trough which does not have any features particularly adapting it for association with a roof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Structure wherein there is means forming a gutter located at the vertex of two portions of a cover construction which slope towards each other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for exterior type flashing.

This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Structure in which there is means forming a second gutter on the under side of the cover structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Structure in which the means forming a trough is, at least in part, within the peripheral edge of the cover.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24 for cover means to retain solid material deposited on the roof, e.g., an anti-snow slide.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Structure including means forming or connected to a downspout.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for a gutter or eave trough with strainer.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure peculiar to railway car roofs combined with means situated in the roof under its exterior covering acting to inhibit or retard the passage of heat, sound, vibrations, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
144 for a building construction with an exposed surface with an acoustical feature, and see notes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 238.1 for railway rolling stock comprising a special car body.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure wherein (1) at least one portion of the roof is offset to form a plurality of roof surfaces at different
levels, said offset portion being substantially coextensive with one dimension of the roof or (2) the roof surface has distinct surfaces inclined from a common plane to form a serrated roof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
200 for a cupola or turret construction, i.e., a small building extending upwardly of a roof which as an entity is within the outer periphery of a roof.
639 for a truss member of more general utility forming a peak or curved chord.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure comprising a horizontal or inclined cover and entrance means defining an opening for persons or objects which pass through the cover.

This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Structure in which the cover is supported by a wall construction enclosing a space which is entered through the opening.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
131 192+, 198+, 200, 204.1+, 218, 219, 220.1+, 302.1+, and 553 for a building construction with a material (e.g., air or water) port, duct or channel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Structure including a masonry or concrete component which is constructed entirely of masonry or concrete.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including means forming the uppermost exposed surfacing of a building and having features peculiar to such use, e.g., a ridge, arch, coping, inclined rafter, etc., combined with a ceiling construction which is openly spaced from said means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
275 for a construction of laterally related modules which form an intersection.
479 for a construction of face to face barrier sections spaced by an internal frame or shaft.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including a rod-like member extending over the outside of a building structure, usually the roof, and acting to hold such structure to the ground or substructure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for an article supported cover which may utilize exterior hold-down strands.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including means for preventing or restraining the movement of foreign objects or material not permanently part of the roof; e.g., anti-slides for snow.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
101 for an animal, e.g., bird, blocker which is a trap, scarer or lateral projection.

This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Structure comprising a horizontal rod-like portion supported by a plurality of spaced members.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
677 for a spacer-positioner for a rod, e.g., a support spacer reinforcing a rod from a support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Structure comprising means to penetrate the base which supports the means for restraining movement of foreign objects.

INCLUDING COMPONENT (E.G., WALL) DESIGNED TO RECEIVE A DISPARATE ARTICLE HAVING DISPARATE ARTICLE MOUNTED THERETO:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure having a modification of a static structure or component for attaching an article, in which the article is not essential to the subject matter of this class.
(1) Note. The exemplary classes and subclasses noted here below under "SEARCH CLASS" provide for an article or article support installed in means forming an enclosure or part thereof. Many classes provide for static type devices, e.g., supports or furniture, and take such combinations wherein no structure is defined other than that required to accommodate or isolate the article provided for such a class. Others take such combinations relating to operative apparatus wherein an operating unit or significant characteristic for such a class is defined, e.g., electrical device or a burner, wherein the enclosure is a furnace, a casing for a machine, a tool, etc. Others are referred to in subclasses indented hereunder or in the class definition of this class.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for a building combined with an auditorium or theatre feature.
24 for a projecting object restrainer.
57 for a finial or cresting.
73 for a cantilevered rigid barrier, e.g., rigid awnings.
101 for an animal blocker which is a trap scarer or lateral projection.
129 through 133, for a burial vault and adjunct.
173.1 for static structures combined with subject matter from another class.
220.1 for a service duct including an electrical conduit within a barrier.
273 for a flexible shaped or attached floor covering.
698 for anchor or ties of more general application.
716.1 for an in situ attached channel or trim strip which may be disclosed as enclosing a wire or pipe.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
5, Beds, subclass 2.1, 10.1 and 159.1.
62, Refrigeration, 259.1.
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 431.
89, Ordnance, subclass 36.04
104, Railways, 27.
108, Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces, 42.
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel, 19.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 48 and 158+.
211, Supports: Racks, 87.
220, Receptacles, 3.3.
248, Supports, appropriate subclasses.
297, Chairs and Seats, 14 and 147.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, subclass 242, 245+, and 351.1+.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, 872.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 600.

With a telephone (e.g., booth or stand):
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Static structure or component which encloses or supports an audio transmission and receiving means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
764 for sheet like sections between framing members.

This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Structure wherein the article is an artificial illuminating means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, 145 for combined light and structure there provided for. The line between this class (52) and Class 362 subclass is: Class 362, subclasses 145+ takes structure illuminated by artificial means or merely supporting illuminating means. Class (52) takes building structure including features having functions in addition to merely supporting the illuminating means or forming the enclosure, barrier or other structure illuminated. In interpreting this line the presence of a claim to building structure not including illuminating means is considered conclusive of the fact that such additional function features are present.

This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Structure wherein the securing means causes or permits movement of the article.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36.4 for a structure wherein the article is a fixed bed, chair, table or shelf.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
483, Tool Changing, generally for apparatus or method for transferring tools combined with support or storage means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Structure comprising a multi-level structure provided with a platform and hoisting machinery therefor for conveying persons or
goods to or from the different levels.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
187, Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift for Vehicle, appropriate subclasses for an elevator and building combination wherein no more structure of the building is defined than is necessary to support the elevator.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Structure wherein the article, device or adjunct includes means for conveying, or aiding in the conveying of articles which means includes a revolving member or endless web or strand type conveyor wherein the article is readily removable from the conveyor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, appropriate subclasses for such apparatus combined with a mere enclosure, particularly subclass 860.3.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Structure wherein the supporting means can oscillate about a fixed axis.

This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Structure wherein an article or articles or adjunct, are so arranged so as to form a defined path for traffic, e.g., a store with a defined furniture arrangement.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
174 for other structure with a traffic guiding feature.

This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Structure wherein the article is a fixture for receiving body waste matter or for washing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, appropriate subclass for apparatus having a fixture with a feature for the purpose of that class, e.g., drains, flow lines, etc. This class (52) takes (1) structures merely forming enclosures or barriers, (2) joints between a lavatory fixture and a barrier or (3) an in situ type enclosure having features with functions other than merely enclosing a class 4 device.

This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Wall juncture (e.g., bathtub surround kit): Structure in which a discrete connector joins at least an edge of a lavatory fixture; e.g., tub or basin and a wall.

Task-area type repositionable component (e.g., modular booth, workstation, or concession stand):
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Component in which user or work related equipment is self supporting and is designed to be assembled and disassembled (i.e., transportable).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79.1 for a floor to ceiling assembly; e.g., wall, defining an occupiable space.
205 for a partition framed for a door or window.
481.2 for demountable partitions separating two areas.

With top covering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 36.1. Task area component including a ceiling above an occupant.

Fireplace mantel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Component in which a casing and shelf are attached to both a portion of the static structure and a framed opening made in a chimney to hold an open fire.

Component having specific attachment for an article comprising a horizontal, planar surface (e.g., shelf, bed):
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Component which is specifically designed or modified for furniture of the type having a relatively level area lying in a plane that carries an item, items, or a person.
(1) Note. Articles that have means for mounting on an existing wall, floor, or ceiling are classified with the article.
(2) Note. A static structure component that is made to incorporate the article is classified in Class 52.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for a static structure including an auditorium or stadium feature arranged relative to a center or attraction.
29 for an article mounted for movement.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
5, Beds, subclass 2.1, 10.1+, and 159.1 for specific bed structure with a static structure.
108, Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces, 33 and 42+ for specific planar surface structure with a static structure.
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel, 19 for specific partition structure with a static structure.
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, 222 for a ladder, scaffold, or mast with a workman's platform with a static structure.
211, Supports: Racks, 87.01 for specific rack structure with a static structure.
248, Supports, appropriate subclasses for specific supports (e.g., shelf brackets).
297, Chairs and Seats, 14 and 147 for specific chair or seat structure with a static structure.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, subclass 242, 245+, and 351.1+ for specific cabinet structure with a static structure.

Connecting feature for modular-type panels having article (e.g., cabinet, shelf bracket) attachment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 36.4. Component specific attachment in which a means securing two edge-abutting thin rigid sheet-type members includes a means for supporting the horizontal planar surface.

Including a slotted tubular portion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 36.5. Connecting feature in which the securing means consists of a hollow elongated cylindrical-like section with apertures for the article holding piece.

This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Structure wherein the article support means is attached to or adjacent a door or window frame, usually a window washer's hook to which a safety belt may be attached.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, 50 for a movable or removable shield which blocks a passage vacated by a closure.
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, 53 for a balcony-like platform detachably mounted in a window opening.
211, Supports: Racks, 87.01 for a rack with means specializing it for mounting on a window frame.

This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Structure wherein the disparate article is a sign, e.g., name plate or ornamental plaque.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for a structure which, as a whole, serves as a marker or monument and see notes thereto.
105 for a building component with indicia.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclass 124.5 for memorial tablets and subclasses 541+ for illuminated signs and subclasses 584+ for signs, and see the reference to Class 52 in the class definition of Class 40.

This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Structure in which there is means supporting the disparate article from means forming a ceiling, i.e., the under side of a roof or floor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, 317 for a suspended support of more general application.

This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Structure in which the disparate article is supported by an elongated rigid structure, i.e., pole, post or mast.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
110 for a shaft mounted on a vehicle shell.
651.01 for a three dimensional open-work, particularly subclass 649 for a mast with distinct terminal structure, e.g., a horned type power line tower.
697 for a shaft with braced cross arm.
720.1 for a miscellaneous shaft, e.g., pole, post, column, etc., particularly subclass 721 for a composite shaft with laterally extending member.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, 40, particularly subclasses 45 and 149 for elongated members, e.g., poles and posts, having claimed features specialized to electrical use such as: (1) positive recitation of an electrical conductor, (2) an insulator supporting or retaining an electrical conductor or (3) means supporting said insulator.
220, Receptacles, subclass 475, 567, and 628+ for an elevated tank involving specific receptacle structure.
248, Supports, 127, particularly subclass 146 for a stand not involving a specific in situ erected article supporting skeleton tower.
256, Fences, for a fence or post having features for retaining a wire or rail.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure forming a walkway above a roof or forming a support (saddle) for such a walkway, usually present on a railway car.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Structure in which the roof covering includes a seam and the walkway conforms to the shape of the seam.

This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Structure in which the walkway or saddle also conforms to and accommodates means forming a ridge cap extending along the roof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Structure in which the walkway is fastened to a roof seam.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
42 for walkways conforming to a roof seam.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure comprising roof construction peculiar to railroad cars.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
17 for an insulated car roof.
18 for a clerestory or sawtooth roof.
41 for a roof with running board or saddle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 238.1 for railway rolling stock comprising a special car body.

This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Structure comprising a covering supporting member (carline) which extends laterally of the roof and is substantially coextensive with the transverse dimension of the car.

This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Structure associated structurally with a ridge running centrally and longitudinally of the car roof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Structure comprising a plurality of carlines and interconnecting structural members extending longitudinally of the roof or diagonally of the carlines.

This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Structure comprising a cover strip overlying the carline and a joint between two juxtaposed roofing sheets, said strip being substantially coextensive with the joint.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
459 for a surfacing with a strip covered joint of more general application.

This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Structure in which the carline is composed of distinct sections which diverge or converge toward each other in a nonvertical plane or (2) form chords of a truss which diverge or converge.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
639 for a peaked truss of more general application.

This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Structure including a separate support or connecting means attached to the end of a carline and engaging a vertical support, e.g., car wall.

This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Structure in
which the carline is positioned above the joint between plural covering sheets.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
459 for similar structure of more general utility.

This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Structure comprising one or more transversely extending ribs formed integrally with the roof sections, and rib being substantially coextensive with the transverse dimension of the roof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Structure comprising a central cover sustaining member elevated above the edges and extending longitudinally of the roof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47 for a carline and longitudinal ridge construction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Structure including relatively movable roof sheets, usually to compensate for car motion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204.1 for another construction with a feature for a closure, e.g., a removable panel over an opening.
573.1 for a residual structure having means accommodating a dimensional variation responsive to varying conditions.

This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Structure comprising a continuation of the facing member of the roof which overhangs the junction of the roof and car walls.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for a cover with section overhanging a gutter.
94 for another gable or eave terminal construction.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including ornamental means at a ridge or peak of a roof.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclasses 3-30, and 542.2+ for a miscellaneous ornamental article not provided for elsewhere.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including sheet material on the exterior of a building structure which material is anchored at at least one edge and extends over a joint of the structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94 for a gable or eave covering sheet material often termed "roof edge flashing".
101 for an insect blocking means, e.g., termite shield.
302.5 for a liquid directing sheet material disposed within the confines of a barrier.
408 for a sheet laminae separating components of an in situ construction, e.g., through wall type flashing.
459 for a construction of more general application involving a strip covering a juncture of panels.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, 42 for a roof or floor drain type flashing forming a seal around a duct or pipe.

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Structure including a block forming part of a vertical structure and having a groove which receives part of the flashing.
(1) Note. For definition of a "BLOCK" see glossary.

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Structure wherein the sheet material comprises at least two interfitting sections.

This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Structure wherein the parts which interfit are within a vertical structure, i.e., wall.

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Structure wherein a part of the sheet material extends into a wall.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure forming a complete enclosure and including a thin, flexible, flaccid, nonmetallic or foraminous membrane which forms an exposed surfacing and is stretched between elongated members of its substructure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.11 for a structure strengthened by internal fluid
pressure, e.g., inflated.
3 for an article supported cover.
64 for a collapsible type structure of rigid panels interconnected for repositioning.
222 for a tensioned sheet facing.
273 for a shaped or edge attached flexible covering, e.g., carpet, in contact with a barrier.
393 for a relatively yieldable preformed separator.
404.1 for insulation in a hollow cavity.
518 for a shingle type surfacing.
782.1 for a composite panel.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane, 87 for structures having a flexible covering without rigid panels preformed before in situ erection and see the reference to Class 135 in the class definition of Class 52.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, 3 for an enclosure having a flexible covering and also an article support.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including at least one component which is a wall, ceiling, roof, cover section or major section thereof which are fixedly mounted for repetitious or continuous movement relative to a base without total disconnection therefrom for purposes of changing the size or function of the structure or a portion thereof or providing continuous movement during use, e.g., revolving building.
(1) Note. A movable closure, e.g., door or window is not a barrier component except where a door or window constitutes a major section.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for a movable stage combined with a static structure forming an enclosure therefor.
29 for a movable support for a disparate article.
55 for a car roof with a relatively movable section.
63 for an enclosure including as a component a nonmetallic flexible surfacing section.
79.1 for a three dimensional sub- enclosure which in use is often assembled with another enclosure.
111 for a tower or mast with powered motive means.
122.1 for a structure with hoist or handle means.
127.1 for another structure with an adjunct provided solely for facilitating assembly or disassembly.
143 for a structure with means transporting it from place-to-place.
183 for a stepped structure with interconnecting relatively movable components.
204.1 for a structure having means forming a window or door opening.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, appropriate subclasses for a repetitiously movable closure providing for the passage of persons or things through a barrier.
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 238.1, especially subclasses 377.01+ and 379 for a freight car with a movable body component.
135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane, for a tent with a foldable frame and see the reference to that class in subclass 85 of this class.
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel, for such a structure which does not form an enclosure for a usable space.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, 177 for a collapsible vehicle body and subclasses 107.01+ for a let-down-type vehicle top.

This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Structure wherein the barrier or major section thereof is mounted for rotation in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for a theater with a movable stage.
31 and 32, for an enclosure with a disparate article support mounted for swinging or rotation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
472, Amusement Devices, particularly 1 for an amusement roundabout appropriate therefor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Structure wherein the movable barrier is a complete roof which is connected to and movable as an entity relative to its supporting columns or walls defining or within an area normally covered by the roof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 for a construction including a flaccid surfacing component.
69 for a barrier swingable to act as a wall or canopy.
83 for a roof or enclosure suspended by flexible means and fixedly related to support means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Structure wherein the movable barrier sections include one structure defining an occupiable space which structure is arranged to telescope, either by sliding or swinging, within another such structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79.1 for another three-dimensional, preassembled subenclosure which is not mounted for movement.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, 638 for an extensible vehicle structure there provided for.

This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Structure comprising a wall construction having an extension, which extension is adapted to be manipulated to form a roof section.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66 for an entire roof movably connected to a substructure.
69 for a vertical section hinged to swing to form a horizontal barrier, e.g., canopy.

This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Structure in which at least two of the components are connected to each other by a hinge fastened to both, with one of the components in the erected or use position being vertical but which can be folded to a nonvertical, e.g., collapsed position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
68 for a structure, e.g., stile, having a wall extension convertible to a roof.
73 for a rigid barrier, e.g., canopy, cantilevered from a vertical support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Structure including three walls interconnected by hinge means allowing folding of the walls in order to collapse the structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66 for a foldable enclosure wherein a complete roof is connected to walls.
71 for a barrier hinged intermediate its length.

This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Structure wherein the movable barrier section cooperates with other sections in forming a barrier, the sections being hingedly connected so as to allow the barrier to be collapsed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
108, Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces, 166 for such a structure which is freely movable over a supporting surface, e.g., a foldable stage, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Structure comprising a structural unit mounted on and projecting above a roof surface and communicating with the space below the roof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for a centrally ridged car roof with a movable cover section.
64 for an upright support member connected to a movable cover section.
66 for a cover assembly movable as an entity.
200 for a cupola or skylight mounted on a roof and having no movable major components.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including a barrier which extends laterally from an upright support with the barrier being unsupported except by means connected to the upright support.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for a cover with a surface water receiver at an eave or valley.
64 particularly 66, 68, and 69 for a movable mounted barrier section which may be cantilevered in one position.
97 for an externally projecting liquid deflector.
201 for a bay window which extends downwardly to a base, e.g., the earth.
260 for a cast in situ column with radial reinforcement for a floor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Structure including means defining an inclined panel overlying an open space which panel extends downwardly and outwardly of a vertical structure, usually a wall, to which the upper edge of the panel is secured.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
473 for a louvered panel having no feature for holding it as a unit in a cantilevered, e.g., inclined position.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, subclass 71 for a movable rigid awning which also acts as a closure.
135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane, 15.1 for an umbrella.
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel, 45 for a flexible panel type awning.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, 152 for a vehicle door or window canopy.

This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Structure wherein the inclined surface consists of a series of parallel slats, the longitudinal axes of which are downwardly and outwardly inclined.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
518 for another lapped multiplanar surfacing.

This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Structure wherein the outside edges of the outside slats are intersected by vertically depending side panels which are secured and extend generally perpendicular to the vertical structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Structure in which the side panels construction differs in kind from that of the inclined surface panel construction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Structure wherein the inclined surface consists of a series of integral or separated slats disposed with their longitudinal axes parallel to the major plane of the vertical structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
473 for another louvered panel.
518 for another lapped multiplanar, e.g., shingle-like surfacing.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including one or more preassembled or prefabricated structural means, each defining 1) at least a two sided or walled sub-occupiable space assembly, 2) a preassembled or prefabricated room or occupiable space which is to be assembled with like or unlike structures to form a complete structure, or 3) a single or composite wall, usually having a curved cross-section which acts, with other structure to form one or more occupiable spaces.
(1) Note. The structures classified in this subclass usually fall into one of the following categories: a) one or more prefabricated room units which can be associated with other like or unlike units to form a building or plurality of occupiable spaces; or b) one or more prefabricated partial room units which can be associated with other like or unlike structure to form one or more occupiable spaces.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 for a telescoping three-dimensional subenclosure mounted for movement relative to means forming another enclosure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79.9. Structure wherein the subenclosures include spaced forms to accept a cast in situ material, such as concrete, which acts as a binder to attach the subenclosures together.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79.9. Structure wherein the sub-enclosures are supported, and thereby attached, by a separate framework or vertical and horizontal sustainer means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79.9. Structure wherein a plurality of occupiable sub-enclosures or building units are superposed, one above the other, and are attached by a separate and distinct vertical tie member.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79.1. Structure wherein the sub-enclosure or building unit is a single piece, continuous barrier, e.g., poured concrete monolith.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 405 for concrete modules.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79.1. Structure wherein two or more occupiable units are arranged in such a manner that each unit is vertically offset (higher or lower) with respect to its adjacent unit, but not directly above or below its adjacent unit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79.1. Structure wherein a plurality of occupiable spaces are superposed, one over the other in such a manner as to have their respective floors horizontal and parallel to each other, and at least one vertical wall of one unit at an angle to at least one vertical wall of another unit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79.1. Structure wherein the occupiable space has a floor plan which is nonrectangular.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79.1. Structure which is made in such a manner so as to be collapsible to a more compact form for ease of transport from its place of manufacture to the building site.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for barriers mounted for repetitious movement relative to base without disconnection.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclass 27 for collapsible trailers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79.1. Structure wherein the occupiable space is a porch or vestibule.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79.1. Structure wherein each of two or more subenclosures is provided with an opening through one side thereof, such openings to mate with each other to form a passage for people from one subenclosure to the other.
(1) Note. An opening, for this subclass, may be the absence of an entire wall, in which case, each subenclosure would form half of a room.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79.7. Structure wherein the mating openings in each occupiable space are doors for the passage of people.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79.1. Structure wherein two or more occupiable spaces have therebetween means to attach them together or to another common structure.

COMPOUND CURVE STRUCTURE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure having a major exposed portion which conforms to a surface generated by a curved line moving along a curved path; e.g., a sphere, hyperbolic parabloid, or dome.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.11 for a construction which is shaped by fluid pressure.
82 for a conical structure.
85 for a two-dimensional curvilinear entrance archway.
86 for a two-dimensional vertically curved arch.
200 for a skylight.
245 for a noncompound curve curvilinear barrier.
639 for a two-dimensional curved or peaked truss.
648.1 for openwork.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane, 124 for portable structures formed with an arc or dome structure.
220, Receptacles, 565 for a compound curve; e.g., spheroidal, fluid confining tank.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, subclass 872 for a dome-like antenna housing having a defined electrical characteristic; e.g., a radome.

Hyperbolic parabloid shape:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Compound curve structure which is in the form of a saddle shaped quadric surface wherein all sections parallel to one coordinate plane are hyperbolas while all the sections parallel to another coordinate plane are parabolas (if proper orientation of the coordinate axes is assumed).

Geodesic shape:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Compound curve structure comprising distinct polygonal panels connected to form a surface which is or approximates a segment of a sphere.

Having an underlying grid frame:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81.1. Geodesic shape comprising a network of uniformly spaced members which
support cover panels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
648.1 for three dimensional openwork.

Frame connection detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81.2. Frame in which a node of the structural network members is particularly designed to hold the members together and transmit forces.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
403, Joints and Connections, 169 for a joint designed for frame members.

Comprised entirely of a single self-supporting basic geometrical shaped panel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81.1. Shape in which all the panels are of a simple configuration; i.e., triangle or diamond.

Trapezoidal or rectangular design:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81.4. Panel in which the configuration is a quadrilateral having (1) two parallel sides and two diverging (or converging) sides or (2) all corners at right angles.

Monolithic construction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Shape which is cast as a single piece.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure forming a cover which has a conical surface or formed by three or more generally triangular surface forming members the abutting edges of which form seams or ribs which converge upon a common locus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
68 for a wall extension movable to form a roof in which an extension component is often formed of triangular sections which pivot to form a radially ribbed cone.
80.1 for a compound curve structure, e.g., dome, and see notes.
90.1 for another inclined roof or rafter with a substructure.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including means covering or enclosing an area which means is suspended by flexible devices attached to structure which extends into the ambient above and beyond said means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
22 for a vertically spaced roof section.
73 for a cantilevered structure which may include a diagonal guy means.
120 for a mast with cable hoist.
121 and 122.1+, for a static structure combined with hoist means.
506.06 for an internal facer suspended by flexible or pivoted hanger.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane, subclass 90 for a flexible, canopy suspended by flexible means.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure which has a curvilinear cross-section peculiar to the reduction of wind resistance generally termed air foils or streamlined.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
245 for a structure having or formed by a curvilinear barrier.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
244, Aeronautics, 123 for an aircraft airfoil construction.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, subclass 887 for an antenna support with a streamlined cross-section.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including a facing member in the form of curvilinear arch having structure for the adherence or retention of plastic-to-rigid, water settable material, e.g., plaster, which material forms a curved exposed surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204.1 for another construction forming a portal.
250 for a settable material corner construction of more general application.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure peculiar to an in situ erected primary, load bearing construction which as a whole forms a curved arch whose mid-point is above the externally supported terminal edges.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 for a telescoping three-dimensional section which may include a curved segment.
80.1 for a compound curve cover.
85 for a settable material, curved, entrance archway.
245 for a space enclosing, curvilinear wall.
319 particularly subclasses 329 and 389 for a generally planar concrete barrier which may include a curved backing member supporting a cast section.
575 for a key type block, per se, which can be used to form a curved arch.
639 for a curvilinear or peaked truss.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
14, Bridges, 24 for an arch bridge which is not primarily of stone-like material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Structure including a horizontal deck construction, e.g., roadway, supported by the structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
174 for a construction with traffic guiding feature.

This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Structure in which the arch as a whole is formed by flowable cast material which, when set, forms an entity.

This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Structure in which the arch is formed by abutting masonry or concrete-like units.

INCLINED TOP COVER (E.G., ROOF, A-FRAME):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Structure including cover construction or rafters which are at an angle to a horizontal plane.
(1) Note. The rafter are attached to a vertical supporting substructure; e.g., walls, studding, columns, etc.
(2) Note. This subclass takes ridge connections without a venting function.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for a car roof construction.
73 for a cantilevered barrier which is more than a mere eave.
82 for a conical or radially ribbed cover.
262 for a floor, ceiling, or roof not having a defined feature relating to an inclined roof or rafter resting on a substructure.
272 for a construction, per se, formed by intersecting barriers even though disclosed or claimed as being at the ridge of a roof.
478 for a lapped or strip cover joint surfacing attached to a substructure arrangement; e.g., rafter and purlin.
639 for a peaked truss construction.

On existing roof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Inclined cover which is erected on a previously built cover.

Self-supporting cover (i.e., without distinct rafters):
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Inclined cover in which a roof spans from eaves to ridge without being supported by an underlying frame, beam, etc.

Eave fixed by masonry or settable material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 91.1.
Self-supporting cover specialized to the use of cementitious or adhesive type material at the junction of the cover and the supporting substructure; e.g., of a wall.

Connection for abutting cover sections:
This subclass is indented under subclass 91.1. Self-supporting cover where the entire cover is in portions which are secured together by a fastening means to make a complete cover.

Rafter tie-in at horizontal-type support (e.g., wall plate):
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Inclined cover in which a roof support beam is (1) set or (2) fabricated or cut to a particular shape for attachment to the supporting substructure (e.g., wall top plate).

Distinct connector fixing rafter to wall plate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 92.1. Tie-in in which a discrete fastener secures the roof support beam to the supporting substructure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
92.1 for a roof support beam attached to a bearing member without a fastener.

Rafter end terminating at wall exterior face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 92.1. Tie-in in which the end of the roof support beam, at the eaves, is in the same plane as the supporting substructure outside surface.

Rafter to vertical support (e.g., stud, column, post)
connection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Inclined cover in which a roof support beam is directly fastened to a load bearing upright element of the supporting substructure.

Rafter overhangs vertical support outside surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 93.1. Connection in which a roof support beam extends beyond the supporting substructure exterior face.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
92.2 for a rafter connected to a vertical support with a fastener.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure comprising means forming a construction at the gable or eave terminus of a roofing surface which is different in kind from that forming the surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for a cover with an eave gutter.
45 for a car roof, particularly subclass
56 for a cover sheet with over-hanging, continuing edge section.
73 for a rigid cantilevered barrier, e.g., awning.
90.1 for an inclined roof having supporting substructure.
262 for a roof extending over at least two vertical supports in which the construction merely involves a roof overhang (eave).

With conduit or passage means (e.g., eave vent, insulation shield for eave vent):
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Structure
including means forming a passage or conduit from a subjacent area communicating to outside of the roof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for an eave or valley gutter receiving liquid flowing from the upper surface of a roof.
302.1 for a construction with fluid passage between the interior of it and the ambient, and see notes.
553 for a lapped multiplanar surfacing with a unit spacing or space forming feature.

This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Structure wherein the material forming at least part of the upper exposed surfaces of a roof between the gables or eaves is bent to form a flange-like portion which extends downwardly to a subjacent edge portion of the roof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
56 for a car roof with an overhanging edge section.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including means extending outwardly of the plane of a surface means is defined as functioning to deflect a liquid (rain) away from the barrier surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for a cover with an eave gutter.
56 for a car cover with overhanging sheet edge.
58 for an exterior type flashing.
74 for a rigid outrigged awning usually having a flashing or liquid deflector at the wall juncture.
94 for a coping which may have an edge overhanging a wall.
302.1 for a structure with means draining or venting the interior of a construction to the ambient.
302.5 and 408+, for sandwiched preformed imperforate member even though they may have a flanged portion bent to contact the wall.
503 and 606+, for a liquid deflector within an internal through passage.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including a distinct section or means which facilitates fracturing of the structure or section thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
105 for an indicia combination including means indicating a cutting or breaking line.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 797 for an element for that class which is breakable, and see the notes.
220, Receptacles, 265 for a frangible or knockout receptacle closure, and see the notes.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 43 for a stock material product in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet which has been weakened to permit fracturing through the thickness thereof, and subclass 156 for such a stock material product having a component or layer which varies in thickness.

This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Structure in which the frangible means is made of a material differing in kind from that of the primary structure, e.g., a metal member attached or embedded in a concrete base member.

This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Structure in which the frangible section or means is so arranged relative to the original circumscribing boundary surfaces that a
corner or a section within such circumscribing boundary surfaces is severable from the original unit.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure which deters the movement of animal life having (1) a trap, (2), a device which by movement or force repels them or (3) a projection which extends outwardly of a surface of structure to block landing on or movement along the structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24 for a projecting restrainer, e.g., a snow slide stop.
58 for an exterior type flashing.
97 for an externally projecting liquid deflector.
170 for a shaft reinforcement adjacent the surface of the earth which may act as a protector.
408 for a "through type" flashing which may have a protruding edge.
517 for a structure with an insect repellent coating.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, 124 for a vermin destroying device not structurally combined with a building structure.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including a single monolithic unit or a single course of connected modules which unit or course rests on the earth and defines a low wall edging for an area.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for a support for a name plate.
103 for a marker or monument.
128 for a burial vault.
146 283, 296+, 300+, and 720+, for a shaft or a related structure of more general application.
169.1 for a structure with defined geos:graphic feature.
245 for a tubular structure of more general application.
311.1 for a structure with relief pattern forming an ornamental facing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
47, Plant Husbandry, subclass 33 for an edging for gardens there provided for.
256, Fences, for a structure of greater height than a mere coping or edging.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure which indicates a position on or particular use of the earth and has (1) a feature, e.g., indicia, serving such function or (2) a shape which in its entirety has inherent stability against overturning.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for a building structure supporting a sign.
102 for an earth supported coping, and see notes.
105 for a building structure or building component with indicia.
128 for a grave vault.
311.1 for an ornamental component of a building structure for having no feature specialized to use as a marker or monument, particularly subclass 315 for visible embedded elements and subclass 316 for integrally relieved surfaces.

This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Structure including a visible component that permits the passage of light.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
306 for a glass block or embedded translucent component.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 34 for a pair of substantially coextensive light transmissive sheets, spaced from each other and sealed at their edges to each other, and subclass 38 for a light transmissive mass having a frame or an opaque border around it.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including (1) means, e.g., writing, grooves or markings; which (a) indicates a property or characteristic of an element or (b) serves as a gage in the positioning or alignment of a structure; or (2) means identifying the location of an embedded or hidden device or structure.
(1) Note. Devices having a structural function, e.g., for locking, positively positioning, receiving, fasteners, etc., are classified in appropriate subclasses below even though they may also serve as an indicator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for a supported sign, e.g., name plate.
103 for a marker or monument.
364 for a member acting as a gage for after-applied plaster coating, e.g., screed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 187 for a stock material product in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet in which one component is of uniform thickness but nonplanar to form a figured pattern or to yield information, and subclasses 195+ for a stock material product having a discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond to form a pattern or to yield information.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure having features peculiar to buildings for confining
a person so that he cannot leave the building or compartment thereof without outside intervention.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
65 for buildings with revolvable section, e.g., revolving prison cells.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, 15 for a jail structure restricted to movable doors, their mountings, operators and/or locks.
109, Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device, appropriate subclasses for a related structure for preventing entrance of persons into a building or part thereof, except subclass 21.5 which is the residual subclass for a structure allowing voice transmission through a closure of barrier irrespective of disclosed purpose.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including means defining a wall outside of and attached to the outside of a building wall adjacent a portal opening which in use is below grade level.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 for a structure with a defined terrane an feature.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including flexible strands or strips or discrete connected sections which when fed from a coiled or collapsed storage position form an elongated rigid shaft section extending from the storage position and vice versa.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.11 for a structure shaped or strengthened by fluid pressure.
109 for a lazy tong extension unit, and see the search notes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, subclass 41 for a self-rigidifying upwardly extensible flexible ladder or escape means.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 370 and 901 for a reeling device which may store a strip that is convertible from a coiled to an extended rigid state.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, subclass 877 for an antenna with reel and subclasses 900+ for rod type antennas.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure comprising a series of diagonal levers pivoted together at their mid-points and at their ends by which arrangement the device as a whole can be extended and retracted.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
14, Bridges, subclass 45 for a lazy tong draw bridge.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 521 for a lazy tong mechanical movement.
135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane, subclass 131 and 145 for lazy-tong type frameworks for portable shelters.
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, 69.1 for a lazy tong means for extending an extension ladder and subclass 141 for a platform elevating means which may include lazy tong extension means.
187, Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift for Vehicle, subclass 211 and 269 for an elevator with lazy tong elevating means.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including an elongated member mounted on a part of the shell of a vehicle body which can be projected or is fixedly mounted to extend outwardly of the shell, which member is usually disclosed as being an antenna.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 109, and 111+, for another extensible or relatively movable shaft.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, 711 for an antenna attached to a vehicle wherein a significant electrical or radiation limitation is defined.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure comprising a rigid elongated member or construction at least part of a section of which is movable relatively to another section or to a base and mechanical motive means for applying power to affect such movement, e.g., motor, spring, pulley, crank or cable.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 for a strip which can be coiled for storage or projected outwardly to a rigid position.
109 for a lazy tong extension unit.
110 for a vehicle shell attached shaft, e.g., antenna.
122.1 for a static structure with hoist or handle means for adjusting component level or assembling.
143 for another static structure with a transportation feature.
146 for a vertical structure with diagonal brace or guy.
632 for a manually extensible shaft.
633 for openwork structures, particularly subclasses 648+ for three dimensional open work, e.g., tower or mast.
726.1 for an end-to-end connected section shaft.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, appropriate subclasses for a mast with a workman's platform, particularly subclass 62.5 for such an apparatus having extensible vertical and nonvertical sections.
212, Traversing Hoists, appropriate subclasses for a collapsible, extensible, horizontally swinging, or vertically swinging, boom for a load-handling apparatus. Patents placed
as originals in Class 212 should claim structure peculiar to load-handling apparatus.
248, Supports, 351 for a prop or brace there provided for.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, 264 for a derrick hoist having means to hoist an external load.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, 874 for mast or tower type antennas with a significant recitation of an electrical feature.
362, Illumination, subclass 431 for an electrically operated light supporting post.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Structure in which the terminal ends of shaft section which are movable longitudinally each have on their outer ends means for engaging opposed barriers, e.g., floor and ceiling of a mine.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122.1 for a building component with hoist or handle means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, 31 for such devices with work engaging means supporting the tool device.
211, Supports: Racks, 123 for a horizontal rod type rack which includes means engaging opposed walls.
248, Supports, subclass 200.1 for an extensible column mounted between opposed surfaces for supporting a bracket; and subclass 644 for such a column for supporting a machine.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, appropriate subclass for an extensible device, designed to move an object, particularly subclass 93 for a fluid operated device, subclass 95 for a rack and pinion operated device, subclasses 98+ for a screw-operated device, and subclass 387 for a cable-operated device.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Structure wherein spring means are provided to return the rigid elongated member or construction to an upright position after deflection by a transversely applied outside force.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Structure wherein the structure is mounted to move in a substantially horizontal plane about an axis normal to said plane, e.g., a rotatable building.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
212, Traversing Hoists, 223 for a load-handling boom and sluing mechanism therefor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Structure wherein the means for moving the shaft includes a motor utilizing a fluid as its source of power which motor is connected to the shaft and its base.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclasses for an expansible chamber type motor, particularly 167 for an apparatus wherein some of the extension equals the extension of individual chambers.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, appropriate subclasses particularly 51 for a mutually relatively movable cylinder or sleeve device.
212, Traversing Hoists, subclass 238 and 261 for a load-handling (i.e., crane) boom and a fluid ram for swinging it in a vertical plane. See also subclass 297 for a crane-boom supporting tower and a fluid cylinder to raise the same from a horizontal-transport position.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, subclass 902 for a telescoping fluid pressure actuated rod type antenna having a feature specialized to such use.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Structure wherein the shaft is pivoted so as to allow it to tilt relative to a base.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
113 for a spring actuated return post or column.

This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Structure wherein the shaft is divided into multiple discrete sections which may change their position with respect to each other.

This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Structure wherein one of said sections is extensible from within the other.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
212, Traversing Hoists, subclass 296 for a telescoping boom-supporting tower and means to permit the tower to collapse to a position for transporting the crane; and subclasses 231 and 264 for an extensible, vertically swinging crane boom.

This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Structure including a rigid member extending between the shaft and base and connected to one and slidably contacting the other, acting to elevate the shaft.

This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Structure including a cable passing over a drum or pulley mounted on a
vertical member acting to elevate the shaft or shaft section.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
121 for a cable hoist to extend a non- tilting sectional mast.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
212, Traversing Hoists, 239 and 262 for a vertically swinging crane boom actuated by a flexible cable.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Structure wherein the elongated assembly is extended and collapsed by means of a flexible cable, e.g., Bowden wire, or hoisted by a cable.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
120 for a tilting mast with relatively movable sections utilizing a gin pole hoist.
632 for a manually extensible shaft.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 500.5 for a hand operated control lever and linkage system with a flexible transmitter.
212, Traversing Hoists, 230, 264, and 267 for extensible boom structure for load-handling apparatus.

WITH LIFTING OR HANDLING MEANS FOR PRIMARY COMPONENT OR ASSEMBLY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including installed means which has utility for raising or lowering a construction, or a primary component thereof during in situ assembly, or for adjustment while in use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for a building with a theatre, or stadium feature which may be movable.
29 for a disparate article, or its support, mounted for movement.
64 for a barrier, or major component thereof mounted for in situ repositioning, i.e., to change size, or shape, or for continuous movement.
111 for a mast or tower with motive power means.
365 for a screed having a position adjusting means.
678 for means adjustable spacing a concrete reinforcing rod from a form surface.
698 for an anchor or tie which may be adjustable.

Mast or enclosure section elevated to superimposed position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Structure wherein the installed means raises (a) a disconnected elongated vertical shaft or group of shafts, i.e., a mast, or a construction surrounding an area or volume to be occupied by persons, animals, or goods, i.e., an enclosure section, to a vertically extending position above a lower mast or enclosure section or, (b) a first mast or enclosure section to make room for a similar disconnected section below, the mast or enclosure sections in their superimposed position being longitudinally joined to form an erected structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
111 for a shaft or mast having power means for moving the shaft or mast as an entirety relative to a base section thereof or relative to other connected sections thereof during use.

Vault component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Structure in which the primary component is a unit, e.g., the cover, of an enclosed receptacle capable of receiving an organic or inorganic body for either burial or installment at a particular site.
(1) Note. The body may be, for example, a dead being, a casket, or electrical, or sewer connections which are placed within the stationary vault at a given location below or on the ground surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
128 for vaults, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
27, Undertaking, for a coffin, casket, or portable coffin case for receiving and transporting a dead body to a burial site.

Having hand, hoist, or tackle engaging means embedded in settable material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1. Structure in which the installed means (a) is a separate means for positively contacting, i.e., engaging, a living being's hand or a mechanical lifting, or grasping device and (b) is, or is attached to an element that is, intimately surrounded and held, i.e., embedded, in an initially fluent material which has hardened, i.e., set, into a firm connection with the engaging means or element all of which substantially forms the unit of the receptacle.
(1) Note. Examples of settable materials are concrete, cement and plaster.
(2) Note. Hand, hoist, or tackle engaging means which are screwed, nailed, or otherwise attached to the primary component after it has been made are not proper for this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.1 for a handle that is integrally cast i.e., not a separate element embedded in the settable material.

Lift slab:
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Structure wherein the construction or primary component is a horizontal barrier which is specifically configured to be elevated from a stack, or point of manufacture to a final, in-use position in a building or other construction such that during elevation the barrier maintains a horizontal orientation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
126.1 for installed means which only adjusts the final
position of a construction or primary component thereof and is not used to lift the component into place.
745.1 for a process involving forming a unit and moving it into position.
749.1 for apparatus especially adapted for in situ construction.

Construction or component having means to engage hand or cable-type lifting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Structure in which the installed means is a means attached to, integrally formed with, or embedded in the construction or primary component for positively contacting, i.e., engaging, (a) a living being's hand, or (b) a flaccidly suspended or constructed hoisting means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
698 for anchor elements, per se, which may be used as engaging means.

Unitary engaging means in monolithic or single construction or component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125.2. Structure in which the construction or primary component is formed from a monolithic or single piece of material having a portion thereof which is given a specific shape to form the engaging means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.1 for vault components having unitary engaging means.

Embedded in settable material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125.2. Structure in which the engaging means is, or is attached to an element that is, intimately surrounded and held, i.e., embedded, in an initially fluent material which has hardened, i.e., set, into a firm connection with the engaging means or element all of which substantially forms the construction or primary
component.
(1) Note. Examples of settable materials are concrete, cement and plaster.
(2) Note. Engaging means which are screwed, nailed, or otherwise attached to the construction or primary component after it has been made are not proper for this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
698 for an anchor or other handling means adapted to be embedded in settable material.

Embedded socket element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125.4. Structure where the engaging means comprises a separate, female type, or concave receiving chamber embedded in the construction or primary component with the sides of the receiving chamber being engaged by the hand or the hoisting means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
704 for sockets, per se.

Engaging means cooperates with rigid, intermediate device which distributes load or lifts multiple components:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125.2. Structure wherein the engaging means is connected to the cable type lifting means through a solid, i.e., rigid, element suspended from the cable type lifting means which element either (a) distributes the component's load between plural locations on the element, or (b) lifts a plurality of components.

Position adjusting means; e.g., leveling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Structure having installed means consisting of position adjusting means (a) for moving a construction or primary component thereof towards its final position, (b) for holding the construction or component in its final position relative to a nonparallel subsurface, or (c) for leveling the construction or component relative to a support surface.
(1) Note. A support surface may be a predominantly horizontal surface such as the earth, or it may be another primary component of a static structure or construction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122.1 123.1, 124.1, 124.2, 125.1 - 125.6, for installed means which move a construction or primary component thereof from an inoperative location to an operative, or in use position.

For service duct or outlet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 126.1. Structure wherein the construction or primary component is either (a) a conduit for water, fuel, heating or cooling fluids, or electrical conductors, or (b) an outlet element for the conduit, and the position adjusting means moves the conduit or the outlet element relative to each other or the support surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
220.1 for a service duct, per se, within a barrier.

For vertical barrier only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 126.1. Structure wherein the construction or primary component has its largest, generally planar, surface perpendicular to the horizon, i.e., vertical, in its final assembled form and prevents or inhibits the passage of persons, or things, i.e., acts as a barrier.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
126.1 for both vertical and horizontal barriers being adjusted together.
238.1 for adjustable components of a vertical barrier, e.g., a wall, which engage a floor or ceiling without adjusting the position of the barrier.

Threaded element engages support surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 126.3. Structure wherein the position adjusting means consists of a helically ridged, i.e., threaded, element which contacts the supporting surface and, through rotation of the threaded element, serves to adjust the position of the vertical barrier.
(1) Note. The threaded element may be internally or externally threaded, e.g., a nut or a bolt.

For horizontal barrier only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 126.1. Structure wherein the construction or primary component has its largest, generally planar, surface parallel with the horizon, i.e., horizontal, in its final assembled form and prevents or inhibits the passage of persons or things, i.e., acts as a barrier.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
126.1 if both vertical and horizontal barriers are being adjusted together.

Adjustable pedestal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 126.5. Structure wherein the position adjusting means has a wide base which engages a lower supporting surface and holds an upper, relatively movable portion which engages the horizontal barrier.

Threaded element engages support surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 126.1. Structure wherein the position adjusting means consists of a helically ridged, i.e., threaded, element which contacts the supporting surface and, through rotation of the threaded element, serves to adjust the position of the construction or primary component thereof.
(1) Note. The threaded element may be internally or externally, threaded, e.g., a nut or a bolt.

WITH ADJUNCTIVE MEANS FOR ASSEMBLY OR DISASSEMBLY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including means which facilitates the physical positioning of a component in the static structure or its removal therefrom and is not essential to the completed structure but is in the nature of an accessory, i.e., an adjunct, which is useful only in joining or uniting, i.e., assembling, the component to the structure, or separating or dividing, i.e., disassembling, the component from the structure.
(1) Note. Tools, or access openings used in the assembly or disassembly of a component and structure are included herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122.1 for a static structure with an installed lifting or handling means which is often used for assembling and disassembling, and the notes thereunder.
514 for a damaged element which has been repaired by the use of an additional element.
641 and 645+, for a truss wherein the components are formed for adjustment, collapse, or demounting.
741.1 for a process of assembly or manufacture of an in situ construction.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 315.01-329.4 for a fluid handling device with repair, tapping, or assembly means.
165, Heat Exchange, 76 for heat exchange apparatus with assembly means.
166, Wells, 85.1 for wells with below and above ground modifications of an assembly or disassembly nature.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 232 for liquid purification or separation devices with assembly means.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, 18 for pipe joints or couplings with assembly means or features.

Cam surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127.7. Structure
wherein the adjunctive means manipulates or provides admittance to a sliding, wedging or rotating eccentric means, i.e., a camming means, which uses its sloped or eccentric face in the assembly or disassembly of the structure.
(1) Note. Threaded engaging surfaces alone are not considered camming surfaces although if they propel a camming surface or are tapered for causing a camming action they would be considered proper herein.

Threaded engagement means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127.7. Structure wherein the tool manipulates, or is provided admittance to a helically ridged element, i.e., a threaded element, whereby the threaded element positively contacts and is used for assembly or disassembly of the structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127.11 for a threaded element which engages or comprises a cam or wedge.

Removable prop or brace combined with structure component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127.1. Structure wherein the adjunctive means includes a removable, compressive or tensile, element, i.e., a prop or brace, which bridges between spaced parts of the static structure to support or hold the component of the static structure during assembly of the structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127.3 for a prop or brace which is not temporary and positions the component relative to a flowable, or settable material.
146 for a prop or brace which is otherwise not temporary.
749.1 for props and braces for assembly of a static structure which are not claimed in combination with the static structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
206, Special Receptacle or Package, for a prop or brace used only in shipping of a static structure component.
248, Supports, 354.1 for an adjustable prop or brace for an article.
269, Work Holders, for general purpose braces and work holders.

Having component positioning means or control means for flowable material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127.1. Structure wherein the adjunctive means (a) locates the component relative to the static structure or another component thereof to provide reaction against, space for, drying or setting time for, or a shaping configuration to, a fluent substance, or (b) regulates or directs the flow of the substance.
(1) Note. The fluent substance need only be fluent during the positioning of the component and may harden or set thereafter, e.g., concrete, cement, plaster, or glue.
(2) Note. Adjunctive means which excludes the flowable material from a building part, or permits it to flow into a building part are included herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127.2 for a removable (i.e., temporary) prop or brace combined with a component for positioning the component relative to a flowable or settable material during assembly.
371 if the component being positioned is a screed.
603 if the means is integral with the module or element being positioned.
677 if the component being positioned is an open-work, or rebar.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, for a means positioning a building component in a removable form- work, or means retaining removable formworks.

Opening or passageway for flowable material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127.3. Structure wherein the adjunctive means provides an ingress for the
fluent material to enter into the component of the static structure.

Specific hand or tool engaging surface on structure component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127.1. Structure wherein the adjunctive means includes a face on the component of the static structure to be positively contacted, i.e., engaged, directly by a hand of a living being or by a mechanical force transmitting implement, i.e., a tool, during assembly or disassembly.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127.7 for an opening, or component configuration which merely provides access for a tool, but is not intended to be engaged by the tool, or if only a locking, latching, or attaching means is engaged.

Panel and frame connection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127.5. Structure wherein a flat, planar component or assembly and a peripheral framework component or assembly are joined together and either of the components or assemblies, or a retaining trim strip therefor, has the tool engaging face.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127.8 for a tool, or an opening providing access for tool, used in locking, latching, or attaching and wherein the tool only engages the lock, latch, or attaching means.

Structure includes tool or opening to provide access for a tool used in operating a locking, latching, attaching, or adjusting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127.1. Structure wherein the adjunctive means includes either a mechanical force transmitting implement, i.e., a tool, for manipulating a securing, connecting, fastening, or regulating means during the assembly or disassembly, or a tool admitting aperture which is only used during the assembly, or disassembly.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
584 for a clamp type joining means where no tool or access opening is claimed.
749.1 for a tool, or implement for in situ construction where no part of the building is claimed.

Panel joined to or released from peripheral frame:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127.7. Structure wherein the component is a flat, planar sheet of material to be attached to or removed from a surrounding framework without disassembling the framework.

Tool operates swinging arm latch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127.7. Structure wherein the adjunctive means manipulates or provides admittance to a connecting means having a pivot attaching it to one component and spaced engaging means adapted to engage a second component, i.e., a pivoted or swinging arm latching means.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including means defining a receptacle having a space which receives a dead body, casket or coffin at the burial site for interment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 192+, 198+, 234+, 245+, and 261+ for a construction forming an enclosure of more general application.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
27, Undertaking, 2 for a coffin, casket or portable coffin-case for receiving and transporting a body for burial.

This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Structure including apparatus and materials for treating the corpse or products, e.g., fluids and gasses emitted by it.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
27, Undertaking, 21.1 for a coffin or burial casket having means for disinfecting or preserving.

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Structure including a disinfectant means acting to preserve the corpse or to treat the corpse product.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, appropriate subclass for a disinfecting composition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Structure including an opening, e.g., port, in an outer barrier of the receptacle which communicates the enclosed space with the ambient atmosphere or earth.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for a drain or vent with a corpse product treating feature.
198 for a similar structure of more general application.

This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Structure including structure within the enclosed space for directing circulating air.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
454, Ventilation, appropriate subclass, for a ventilated enclosure of more general application having means for directing or forcing air to or from an enclosed space relative to the ambient atmosphere.

This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Structure including means combined with the receptacle, e.g., vault, having functions other than primarily forming the structure of the receptacle or perfecting such structure for its primary purpose, e.g., tombstones, transparent section, wheels, closure operations, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.1 for a vault element with handling means.
129 for a corpse or corpse product treating combination.
131 for a vault with fluid guiding means.
139 for a vault with a closure which may include a hinge or operator.

This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Structure, including a building construction in addition to that forming the receptacle, e.g., a mausoleum.
(1) Note. The building construction usually holds a plurality of vaults arranged to form a wall which defines a side of an access corridor in a building and each vault has an entrance opening into the corridor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
234 for a multiroom building of more general utility.

This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Structure including concentric inner and outer wall layers with a sealing material that is different from the material of the
receptacles, e.g., asphalt or Portland cement, between the receptacles.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
265 for a floor and wall formed by a laminated barrier enclosing a space.
267 for a laminated wall enclosing a space.
408 for a construction involving a preshaped dividing lamina.

This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Structure including structure dividing the enclosed space into a plurality of compartments.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
134 for a building having plural corpse compartments.
135 for a vault of concentric receptacles with dissimilar lamina between them.
234 for a compartment construction of more general utility, e.g., a multiroom building.

This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Structure including plural cover type members, one above the other, defining a compartment therebetween, and a compartment for the corpse below the lower cover member.
(1) Note. A vault having a casket chamber and a dead air chamber above the casket chamber are here included.

This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Structure including a continuous concave, open-bottom, cover (hood) having substantial side walls adapted to envelop a casket or coffin and usually resting upon a base.

This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Structure including a separate closure, forming one barrier wall of the receptacle, which is placed against terminal edges of other walls of the receptacle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
138 for a hood-like receptacle the vertical walls of which rest on a floor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Structure including a feature which confines flowable, plastic or elastomeric material acting as a hermetic seal between the closure and the walls of the receptacle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
393 for a construction with resilient divider between opposed layers.
416 for lapped multiplanar or strip covered joint surfacing utilizing a settable material applied in situ.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, 475.1 for a closure seal, e.g., striker gasket or weather strip and see the search notes thereto for loci of other seals.
277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing means or process, 628 for a static contact seal for other than an internal combustion engine, or pipe, conduit, or cable.

This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Structure including a closure and receptacle wall juncture feature of the tongue-and-groove type and in which the sealing material is in the groove and the tongue is embedded in the sealing
material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
436 for a construction where there is a settable material section between integral interengaging means or modules.

This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Structure in which the receptacle side walls and the floor are composed of a plurality of distinct sections or units assembled together.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
250 for a construction forming an intersection with a cast component.
264 for a construction wherein a floor supports spaced walls.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including means facilitating the transportation of an entire building or a component specialized to such use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122.1 for a structure with lifting or handling means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, for a railway vehicle specialized to such use.
114, Ships, for an enclosure specialized to use on water.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, for a vehicle having running gear or other features specialized to travel over the earth. Class 52 takes a separable enclosure which is convertible to in situ ground supported use and a mere structure forming a box-like enclosure.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure which in the completed construction presents an exposed, i.e., visible, face having a defined physical configuration peculiar to the attenuation of sound.
(1) Note. Mere definition of a material, e.g., fibrous, porous, rock wool, etc., is not a definition of a physical configuration and such subject matter classified elsewhere in this class on other features, and see the references herein after under "Search Class".

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
17 for an insulated car roof.
167.1 for means compensating earth- transmitted force, e.g., earthquakes.
238.1 for a resilient spacer, holding a partition from a barrier, which may act to absorb sound waves.
347 for a member isolating a backing from support.
380 for a cast in situ barrier having an isolated space filled with insulated material.
393 for a component separated by a relatively yieldable spacer.
404.1 for a construction with a nonsettable insulating material within a cavity.
573.1 for a structure having means accommodating dimension variation responsive to changing conditions, which means may also act as buffer to sound waves.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, particularly subclass 30 and 290+ for a sound deadening unit, per se, even though it may be made of multiple layers, i.e., not including features for a building structure combination.

This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Structure wherein a perforated exposed sheet conceals a sound absorbing material.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including an elongated rigid vertically extending primary structure, e.g., wall, column or post, which is held against a laterally applied force by a brace or guy which is outside of and extends away from the primary structure diagonally downward to a base for the primary structure, usually the earth.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
296 for a footing.
651.01 for a three dimensional openwork, e.g., skeleton tower, which often includes diagonal bracing between corner shafts.
720.1 for a shaft structure of general application.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
211, Supports: Racks, 119.01 for a clothes line with isolated poles in which the poles may be guyed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Apparatus including (1) discrete guard member attached to the brace or guy and serving as a protector therefor or (2) such a guard, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Apparatus wherein the guy is a flexible strand, e.g., rope or cable.

This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Apparatus including means to adjust the brace or guy.

This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Apparatus in which the adjusting means is at or adjacent the point of contact of the brace or guy and the primary structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Apparatus having a lateral tie between the brace and structure which tie is provided with an adjustment to vary the stress therein.

This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Apparatus having braces which are spaced or angularly related to each other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
148 for a flexible diagonal member which often requires a plurality of such members to properly guy the vertical structure.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including an elongated rigid structure (shaft) or its base having a rigid sheet form brace member mounted on and projecting outwardly thereof with the juncture of the shaft and member extending in the direction of the shaft axis, said member in use serving to resist lateral movement of the shaft relative to the earth.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
155 for a shaft with a terminal earth piercing or expanding feature.

This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Structure in which two or more of the projecting sheet form members are not in a single plane.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including anchoring means having a component which in use is held below ground and which holds another component usually extending above the earth's surface, which means has (1) a feature for piercing the earth or (2) an anchor component which moves outwardly relative to the element held and thereby acts to prevent or retard movement of the latter relative to the earth.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 for a shaft with an embedded wing type brace.
166 for a "deadman" type anchor.
169.1 for a residual construction having a defined terranean feature.
292 for a wall or shaft footing.
679 for a support for a reinforcing rod having a base penetrator with a limiting stop.
698 for a residual anchor or tie acting between components of a building construction.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, 206 for an expansible anchor or casing operating in or as a well casing.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, 6 for structurally related means acting to ground an electric charge to the earth.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 327 for a bit or bit element adapted for boring or penetrating the earth.
248, Supports, subclass 85, 87, 156, and 545 for a support comprising a ground inserted anchor.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 231 for a pile to be driven into the earth, particularly subclass 244 for a
process or apparatus for placing a shaft provided with laterally projecting structure to anchor the shaft; and subclasses 259.1+ for a structure for preventing undesired earth movement and provided with earth anchors to secure the structure to an earth formation.
411, Expanded, Threaded, Driven, Headed, Tool-Deformed, or Locked-Threaded Fastener, subclasses 1-80 for an anchor or holding device in the form of an expansible member which merely cooperates with a preformed opening in a preformed component, e.g., a wall.

This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Structure in which the below-ground components are discrete units each differing in kind and acting to prevent or retard translatory withdrawal or swinging movement of the structure as a whole after final positioning.

This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Structure having means attached to, extending outwardly of and inclined relatively to the longitudinal axis of the element held, which means penetrates and acts to pull the element into the earth or base when the element held is rotated.

This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Structure in which a piercing element is attached outside of the anchored structure with the pierce being mounted for translatory movement relative to the anchored structure when it is driven into the earth.

This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Structure in which an anchoring component is mounted for movement in a plane normal to the principal longitudinal axis of an
elongated rigid structure held thereby.

This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Structure including a movable cam or plate which acts to spread the movable anchor component relative to the parts to which it is attached.

This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Structure in which the actuating means for the cam or plate includes a screw.

This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Structure including a part including a barbed head or hook member movably connected through pivot means to the major component of the earth held means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Structure in which the pivot means for the barb or hook member is substantially spaced from the terminals or edges thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Structure including a separate brace or tie which is pivotally connected between the harbor hook member and the part held by it.

This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Structure including an elongated rigid member and a separate earth piercing section substantially axially aligned therewith and attached thereto.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including means having a component which in use is buried below ground and holds another component which components are substantially different in kind and extend at substantially right angles to each other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
155 for a piercing or expanding type earth anchor.

MEANS COMPENSATING EARTH-TRANSMITTED FORCE (E.G., EARTHQUAKE):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including features (a) allowing motion between supported and supporting structures when a force is transmitted to the structure through the earth, (b) which compensate for earth motion without affecting structure supported by the earth, or (c) having means for absorbing or confining a force transmitted through the earth to a structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
393 for a resilient member sandwiched in between two opposed members.
573.1 for other constructions having means to provide dimensional variation responsive to changing conditions.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
14, Bridges, appropriate subclasses, for roller bearing expansion devices which allow relative movement between the bridge structure and its support.
384, Bearings, for devices which reduce friction between relatively moving elements.

Dynamic force generator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167.1. Structure including active apparatus for producing counteractive accelerations in the mass of the building or in the mass of the apparatus which tends to nullify the effects of an earthquake.
(1) Note. Moving weights, sloshing liquids, pendulums, and eccentrically weighted flywheels are some examples of apparatus appropriate for inclusion in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, subclass 559 for general purpose moving weights which may be part of a vibration dampening means or attenuation system.

Cross bracing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167.1. Structure including an array of strategically placed members which triangulate an otherwise conventionally constructed building to minimize the tendency for that structure to rock when subjected to an earth-transmitted force.

Relative motion means between a structure and its foundation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167.1. Structure including a means allowing movement between a static structure and its supporting foundation.

Rolling support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167.4. Structure wherein the means allowing motion comprises a rolling device (e.g., a ball bearing or a cylindrical bearing) between the structure and its supporting foundation.

With damping or limiting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167.5. Structure including an additional means to retard movement of the structure or to confine or restrict movement of the structure relative to its supporting foundation.

Elastomeric support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167.4. Structure wherein the means allowing motion includes a deformable bearing surface of rubber or a rubberlike supporting device positioned between the structure and the supporting foundation.

With damping or limiting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167.7. Structure including an additional means to retard movement of the structure or to limit or confine movement of the structure relative to its supporting foundation.

Polymeric support structure (e.g., Teflon (TM)):
This subclass is indented under subclass 167.4. Structure wherein the means allowing motion includes providing a supporting surface of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or Teflon (TM)) or other similar polymeric substance between a structure and its supporting foundation.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including means for holding a supply of liquid which is attached to or is related to a building structure or building component, the liquid in this container acting to preserve or protect the structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 357 for a fluid handling system of more general application which is installed in a building.
169, Fire Extinguishers, 5 for fluid fire extinguishing systems installed in a building.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 208 for a building having a liquid supply means and a sprinkling, spraying or a diffusing device.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including a claimed feature of the earth or relationship to the earth, e.g., grade level, material between a wall and the earth, underground structures resisting external objects, position in the earth, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23 for a structure with an exterior hold down anchored to the earth.
86 for vertically curved arch with earth supported abutments.
102 for an earth supported type coping.
128 for a shaft with diagonal earth engaging brace or guy.
155 for a structure with earth piercing features.
167.1 for a structure combined with means for compensating earth transmitted forces, e.g., earthquake.
274 and 292+, for a footing or footing combination.
741.11 for a construction process utilizing the earth.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
14, Bridges, appropriate subclasses for structure there provided for which carries traffic across an open space.
62, Refrigeration, subclass 260 for such systems with a subterranean feature.
89, Ordnance, subclass 36.01 for ordnance shields which may be underground.
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 234.6 for fluid systems with a vehicle guide or support, 236.1 for fluid distribution systems involving geos:graphic features and 363 for a ground supported enclosure for such a system.
165, Heat Exchange, subclass 45 for a heat exchanger structurally related to the earth.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 170, for such system combined with a geos:graphic feature.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, appropriate subclasses for a process or apparatus there provided for, particularly 53 for underground fluid storage; subclasses 229+ for foundations which are not provided for elsewhere and methods and apparatus for constructing the same; and subclasses 258+ for a structure or method for preventing the earth from shifting.

This subclass is indented under subclass 169.1. Structure with means to control the transfer of heat between a building and the earth. The means can include a positioning of a building relative to a "frostline", i.e., the maximum depth of freezing.

This subclass is indented under subclass 169.1. Structure for enclosing the space between the earth's surface and the floor of a mobile home.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
155 for piercing or expanding earth anchors.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 768 for trailer skirts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 169.1. Structure which is an elongated rigid substantially upright member,
e.g., column, pole post, etc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 169.1. Structure provided with means, such as a lamina or coating, to prevent the passage of water through the floor or wall of the structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
169.5 for waterproofing means which includes a conduit, pipe or porous medium.

This subclass is indented under subclass 169.1. Structure wherein 1) separate static structures, 2) roads or pavements, 3) subdivided land areas, 4) naturally occurring geos:graphic landmarks, such as rivers, mountains, etc., or 5) any combination of 1) through 4) thereof, are established in a specified relationship to each other.
(1) Note. The mere fact that land is inclined is not considered a geos:graphic feature.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
169.4 for a single building positioned on inclined land.

This subclass is indented under subclass 169.2. Structure wherein the specified relationship is between at least two buildings or two subdivided land areas.

This subclass is indented under subclass 169.1. Structure wherein a structure is positioned on land which is inclined.

With drain or vent exterior to foundation perimeter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 169.1. Structure in which a fluid conducting means, such as a pipe, pipe system or a porous medium, facilitates the flow of water or air adjacent the outside of the static structure base but not beneath the base.
(1) Note. Under the basement or cellar floor drain or vent is classified elsewhere. See search notes below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
198 for an enclosure or cover with a fluid guiding part between ambient and enclosed usable space.
302.1 for a wall, ceiling, or floor with a passage for a gas or liquid.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 302.3, for an under the basement or cellar floor drain or vent

This subclass is indented under subclass 169.1. Structure which is underground and defines an enclosed usable space with portal means at or leading to the earth's surface. Included herein are root cellars, bomb shelters, tornado shelters, underground storage tanks and the like.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for enclosures having horizontal or inclined covers with an entrance for persons or objects.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
109, Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device, for protective devices of that class.

This subclass is indented under subclass 169.1. Structure
which is embedded in the earth and has an open top adjacent the earth's surface.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, 488 for a complete pool-type receptacle, and see note to Class 52 for line details.

This subclass is indented under subclass 169.7. Structure wherein the vertical walls which define the container structure have laterally spaced foundation elements with interconnecting means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 169.1. Structure which includes spaced column-like or pad-like discrete foundation elements in a building structure extending from the structure downwardly into the earth.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
155 for a piercing or expanding earth anchor.
169.13 for a post related to the earth.
299 wherein a framework spans spaced footings.

This subclass is indented under subclass 169.1. Structure wherein an elongated rigid substantially upright member is provided with means defined as acting to reinforce it at or adjacent the earth's surface.

VIEWING PORT FOR SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Structure in which a transparent panel is installed in a wall, ceiling, or floor of, usually, a high temperature or pressure chamber for the purpose of watching an operation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204.1 for a window or door frame.
204.5 for a window.
455 for a door.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 200 for a heated stove door or window with a transparent panel.

VEHICLE-TYPE WINDSHIELD DEFOGGER OR DEICER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure in which a transparent panel is installed in an automobile, truck, airplane, train, etc., and includes means to either dissipate condensation or melt frozen water.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
397 for edging around a window pane.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 203 for an electrically heated window.
237, Heating Systems, subclass 28 for such a system including a window heater.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, 84.1 for a windshield on a vehicle body and top structure.

TRANSPARENT PANEL HAVING ACTIVE TREATMENT WITH GAS OR LIQUID:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure in which a window includes means for altering opacity, translucence, insulating ability, or color, etc., of the window.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204.5 for a window.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, 250.001 for a window cleaning attachment, particularly subclasses 250.01+ for such a combination with material supply means.
62, Refrigeration, subclass 248 for a display-type refrigerator with condensate remover or preventer and subclasses 275+ for a refrigerator with an additional heater to prevent or remove frozen condensate caused by the refrigerating means.
454, Ventilation, subclass 85, 93, 95+, 121+, 128+, and 196+ for means for directing air relative to a window pane.

This subclass is indented under subclass 171.3. Structure in which the treating is a sorbent for water vapor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, subclass 80, 81, 467, and 468 for a process of drying a gas and directing it relative to discrete articles for the purpose of treating the article.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, 108 for solid sorbent apparatus, per se.

COMBINED:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure in which claimed subject matter provided for in another class (e.g., heater) is incorporated with a static construction, a component thereof, or a panel structurally similar to a building panel.
(1) Note. Combinations relating to operative apparatus wherein an operating unit or significant characteristic for such a class is defined; e.g., electrical device or a burner, or wherein the enclosure is a furnace, a casing for a machine, a tool, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for a static structure specifically modified to hold a
disparate article.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, 259.1 for a structural installation.
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 431 for an instrument casing.
89, Ordnance, subclass 36.04 for shields for a fixed structure.
104, Railways, 27 for terminals and stations.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, 158+ for insulator supporting or attaching means.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, 872 for housings.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 600 for mounting assembly.
362, Illumination, 145 with static structure.
451, Abrading, 451 for a guard or housing for use with an abrading device.

With a loading dock seal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.1. Structure in which an impact absorbing and weather sheltering device is secured to the static structure specifically for the reception of a vehicle, usually of a tractor-trailer type.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.12 for inflatable loading dock seals

With a sunlight activated device (e.g., passive solar or photoelectric):
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.1. Structure in which a solar energy collecting apparatus is an integral portion of the static structure but does not change the static structure or its arrangement.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for a static structure controlled by condition responsive
means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 633 for a wall or floor constructed with a passage for solar heated fluid to warm a building and subclass 623 for a solar collector housing supported on a roof-type structure.
250, Radiant Energy, 200 for photocells.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including means peculiar to the direction or control of vehicular or pedestrian surface traffic, e.g., curbs, sidewall guard rails or traffic strips.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for installed furniture or fixtures defining a traffic path.
87 for a vertically curved arch construction combined with a superimposed deck.
184 for steps with additional building structure which inherently guides traffic.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
14, Bridges, for such a construction not principally of masonry or concrete.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, 6 for a traffic guide or barrier, per se, and subclasses 9+ for a traffic direction, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Structure wherein different levels are formed by a continuous floor which is helical in structure or wherein the different levels are interconnected by an inclined passageway.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
185 for a multi-level building with steps.
236.1 for another multi-level compartmented structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Structure wherein the inclined passageway means is positioned centrally of the building, usually forming a true helix or an interrupted helical core.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including (1) a claimed exposed surface having a physical characteristic specialized to increasing friction or reducing wear caused by pedestrian or other traffic or (2) a separate member covering the end of a stair tread which member conforms to the nosing, i.e., that portion of the tread beyond a riser, for the purpose of reducing wear or increasing friction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
182 for (1) a stair construction wherein the member forming the permanent treads of the stairs may have a configuration defining a nosing which is integral with a stair component or (2) a stair covering combined with a stair construction or a tread covering having a defined feature other than for wear or friction reduction.
273 for an intersection having a flexible covering, e.g., carpeting.
327 for a cast floor with additional coextensive section.
479 for a facing held by a sustainer which may include plural layer flooring.
506.01 for a facer attached to dissimilar sub-structure, e.g., linoleum or wood on a dissimilar sub-floor.
660 for a fabric or lattice open-work not having a defined friction or wear surface feature.
716.1 for in situ attached channel or trim strip.
782.1 for a composite panel.
800.1 for a composite panel with an attached edging.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, 238 for a foot scraping mat.
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, 4 for a carpet fastener wherein a barrier or stair component is only nominally defined.
51, Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition, for an abrasive material or composition even though nominally defined as a wear or antislip surface.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, 19 for a pavement with an antislip surface.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 98 for a single or plural layer stock material product which is structurally defined, especially subclasses 141+ for a product having an irregular or nonuniform surface, subclasses 156+ for such a product in which at least one component varies in thickness, and subclasses 174+ for such a product in which at least one component is nonplanar.

This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Structure having means at the exposed edge of a stair tread or floor mat which protects the edge from wear or increases friction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
182 for stepped construction including uniform surfacing, e.g., carpeting covering plural successive treads and risers.
254 for an intersection of cast stone-like material having a revealed embedded protector.
716.1 for a panel of more general utility having a separately attached edging.

This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Structure having (1) spaced bars or strips which are twisted along their length or (2) a grating or perforated sheet having a feature forming a defined traffic carrying surface which is discrete with respect to the sheet or grating itself.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
660 for another openwork lattice or fabric surface forming structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Structure including (1) an element which is embedded in a settable material of (2) elements which are inserted into openings formed in a prefabricated sheetlike holder for the elements and which in the final product are exposed at the traffic receiving surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
318 for cast in situ barrier, e.g., floor, having revealed intersecting strips and see notes.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure defining (1) a stepped structure, i.e., surfaces which are arranged in repetitious vertical and horizontal offset relationship or (2) a specific building structure having attached footholds or rungs.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for a construction with an auditorium, stadium or theater feature in addition to a mere stepped structure, e.g., a stepped structure with seat means.
179 for a tread nosing wear or anti-skid feature.
518 for lapped multiplanar surfacing, e.g., shingled, in which surfacing sections are offset and lapped.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
108, Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces, 92 for a terraced article supporting structure with a specific understructure.
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, appropriate subclasses for a ladder, per se, with rungs, steps or treads in the plane of a stile or stringer but which lack a riser, i.e., a vertical closing plate between tread members.
256, Fences, subclass 22 for a stair rail (banister).
280, Land Vehicles, 163 for a step structure specialized to vehicle use.

This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Structure having means forming a connection between at least two step forming components which allow relative movement between them, e.g., folding stairs.

This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Structure in which the stepped structure is formed in conjunction with or attached to a barrier or other component of an in situ erected building structure having a load bearing or shielding function.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
193 for liquid or fluent material container with a rod crossing a material port in a wall, which rod may serve as a rung.

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182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, appropriate subclasses, particularly 90 and 93+ for a floor or wall attached rung, step or ladder where no feature of construction other than that merely serving as a support for such elements is defined.

This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Structure wherein the stepped means is combined with a building having floors at different levels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
175 for multilevel building with a spiral or ramp.

This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Structure including a movable closure means structurally related to the stepped structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Structure in which the stepped structure is arranged around a vertical center line.

This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Structure in which a horizontal surface (tread) member, is supported above another discrete horizontal member, the latter being connected to a vertical front member (riser).

This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Structure in which at least one part, e.g., tread, riser or stringer, of the stepped construction is made of settable material which has set to rigidity before being used at the site.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
600 for a reinforced cast module.

This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Structure in which a tread and riser are cast as a monolith.

This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Structure in which the vertical components of the step structure are individually connected to an elongated member formed as a single component serving as the primary beam (stringer).

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including a container or receptacle structure, e.g., tank, bin or cistern particularly adapted to retain liquid or fluent solid materials and having a port, i.e., an opening in its outer barrier structure through which the material is either deposited within or withdrawn from the structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
168 for a static structure combined with a protective liquid reservoir.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 154, 356, 583, and 613 for an enclosure having more than one fluid handling port.
220, Receptacles, appropriate subclass for a receptacle having a port there provided for.

This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Structure in which the rods or ladder rungs cross the port and are usually secured to the side edges of the container or receptacle which form the port.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
184 for a building structure combined with means for a stair or ladder and see notes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Structure wherein the fluent material hopper or container is supported by legs or is otherwise elevated.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, subclass 567 for an elevated tank for confining a fluid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Structure wherein the container is provided with wall attached means forming an elongated passageway communicating with the material port.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
193, Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways, 2 for a chute, per se, or merely combined with enough structure to support it.

This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Structure in which the port is defined by a discrete frame structure mounted in the container or receptacle structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204.1 for a construction having a feature for a closure or window opening.

This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Structure in which the port is located in the bottom, i.e., floor of the container or receptacle structure.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure forming an enclosure for or a cover over a usable space (a room or compartment) and having a fluid guiding port in an outer barrier (wall, ceiling or floor) communicating with the space and the ambient earth or air.
(1) Note. A door or window and/or opening therefor is not a fluid guiding port. See the search notes below for a construction with means forming such a portal opening.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for a closure with top entrance opening for persons or things.
192 for a fluent material container with a port for the material.
204.1 for construction with means forming a door or window and/or opening therefor.
220.1 for a construction with service duct within a barrier.
270 for a barrier construction with a fluid handling feature within the barrier.
503 for barriers having a fluid passage formed by modules.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
454, Ventilation, appropriate subclasses for a ventilating structure with air directing or controlling features other than mere windows.

This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Structure in which the port is within the roof or cover of the enclosure and acts to vent the space below the roof or cover.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for construction with a barrier or mounted for repositioning, e.g., hinged roofs or skylights wherein the hinged roof is a movable section.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
454, Ventilation, appropriate subclasses, particularly 1 and 339+ for building with air guiding or forcing means.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including means forming an enclosure located on and within the periphery of a roof and having an open bottom or passage communicating with the space beneath the roof.
(1) Note. Where the entire cover structure is considered a skylight (e.g., greenhouse roof), the claims should be classified under the appropriate cover structure; e.g., compound curve cover, inclined cover.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18 for a clerestory or sawtooth type roof.
72 for a cupola or roof section mounted for repositioning.
80.1 for a compound curve cover construction, e.g., dome.
90.1 for an inclined roof or rafter with supporting substructure.
202 and 204.1+, for a construction relating to a window or door through a barrier.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
454, Ventilation, appropriate subclasses, particularly 339 for a related structure combined with an air directing or control means.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including a generally, U-shaped enclosure extending outwardly of a building wall and having an open side facing the interior of a building.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 for a guyed or cantilevered barrier, e.g., a cantilevered bay window.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including (1) two panels of different size, the smaller of which protects and is attached to, facially contacts, or is sealed to the surface of the larger panel or to a frame surrounding the larger panel, or (2) a panel which is attached to the outside of a barrier and which protects and covers an opening in the barrier, which opening is occupied by another, usually permanent, panel, e.g., storm panels over permanent windows.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204.1 for another construction defining or relating to an opening through a barrier, particularly subclasses 204.5+ for a window with attached bars or the like acting to reinforce the glass.
476 for a cornered frame with a releasable facer retainer, e.g., for holding a window light in a surrounding framing section for it.
479 for a barrier construction having facially opposed surfacing sections.
483.1 for a facer abutting and concealing a frame.
506.01 for a facer attached to another dissimilar in situ erected type structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, 50 for a protective grille which overlies a main closure, one of which is movable or removable and subclasses 61+ for an auxiliary closure which overlies a main closure one of which closure is movable or removable.

This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Structure wherein a transparent, relatively smaller, auxiliary pane or film is mounted on and contacts or is sealed to an exposed surface of a main pane, usually removably.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204.52 for a double pane panel having a drain or vent to the ambient atmosphere.
396.01 for a structure including plurality of facially spaced similar panels held apart by a resilient separator.
788 for a unit including parallel panes, i.e., double glass
panels, usually held by a peripheral frame.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, 97.1 for glare shields attached to a windshield or its frame.

FRAMING TO RECEIVE DOOR, DOOR JAMB, OR WINDOW SASH:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure having defined structure outlining a passageway which traverses a barrier (e.g., wall), said passageway is designed for a means which allows access of light, air, people, or a pet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for a roof with an entrance way through it.
64 for a barrier section mounted for repositioning.
85 for a curved arch type doorway.
97 for an outwardly extending liquid projector including a window sill having a claimed feature for this function.
171 for a transparent panel for a specific environment.
186 for a closure related to a stair.
200 for a cupola or skylight above a roof.
201 for a bay window.
202 for an auxiliary shield and/or main panel or frame arrangement.
220.1 for a service duct with a lateral outlet.
302.1 for a structure with a vent or passage to its interior; e.g., a wall drain.
306 for a structure with a translucent block or embedded translucent component.
473 for a louvered panel.
633 for a foraminous structure; e.g., repetitious members defining the peripheries of openings.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, 193 for sash structure.
49, Movable or Removable Closures, subclass 504 for a frame member insertable in an opening having means adapting the member for use with a closure; e.g., a stop.

Lintel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.1. Framing defining a load bearing generally horizontal member spanning an opening.

WINDOW OR WINDOW SASH, SILL, MULLION, OR GLAZING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure defining a framework surrounding at least one piece of transparent material (as glass) for the admission of light.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
107 for a below grade wall for a portal opening.
171.1 for a transparent panel for a specific environment.
201 for a bay window.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, subclass 380 for a window and frame or sash transferable as a unit.

Having a fixed pane and a movable pane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.5. Window comprising a stationary portion and a displaceable portion.

With a plug:
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Drain or vent in which a distinct device closes the sash or window frame fluid conveying means.

Architrave; i.e., molding or finish strip touching pane face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.5. Window including a strip form element which extends over the pane face (the art term being "the architrave") so that the plane of the strip form element intersects the plane of the surface defining a window opening, i.e., the strip form element covers and outlines the portion of the wall face that intersects the surface defining the inside of a window frame.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for flashing.
716.1 for molding strips.

Separable and lapped sections:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.53. Architrave wherein the strip form element comprises two sections covering a major portion of the pane with the sections being in face-to-face lapped relationship with each other.

Sash having integral securing means (e.g., nailing strip):
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.5. Window in which the framework includes a portion, usually with holes or slots, for fasteners to attach the framework to the wall.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
211 for an architrave.

For size adjustment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.55. Securing means including means to adjust the framework to the size of the wall opening.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, subclass 505 for a means to alter the relative a position of the closure frame components or the closure frame to a wall.

Intersection of panes having coextensive exposed sustainer (i.e., corner):
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.5. Window in which a juncture member that connects two panes along their length or width is visible to an observer.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
282.1 for an exposed intersection member for panels or modules.
287 for a sheetlike trim member at an intersection.
764 for coplanarily arranged sections having a framing member between and separating the section edges and having an interfitting configuration between the framing member and the section.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
109, Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device, subclass 79 for vault corners.
217, Wooden Receptacles, subclass 65 for box corners.
403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for just a corner connector.

Finite tie for intersection of panes (i.e., corner):
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.5. Window in which a juncture member connects two panes along their length or width.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
712 for a sheet and wire tie of more general application.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
109, Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device, subclass 79
for vault corners.
217, Wooden Receptacles, subclass 65 for box corners.
403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for just a corner connector.

Ornamental-type; e.g., stained glass or mosaic-type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.5. Window wherein the panes of glass are (1) colored or (2) cut in unique shapes and fitted into a sash.

Spacing pane from disparate edging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.5. Structure in which the separator member or a part thereof acts to space the edge or face of a window pane from a section or component of a strip-like member positioned at its edge, which section or component (e.g., a sash component), acts to hold or retain the panel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
785 for sandwich or hollow panels.

At least two spaced panes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.591. Structure including at least two similar panels held in facially spaced parallel relationship by the separator member.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204.52 for a double pane vented panel.
811 for another composite panel formed by facially spaced panes.

Spaced by unitary or contacting U-channels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.593. Structure in which the separator means is either a single unitary member or plural members in side-by-side contact which have two or more U-shaped channels, each of which overlaps the edge and adjacent faces of a different one of a pair of laterally spaced panels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204.597 for single U-shaped channel overlapping edge and face of a panel.
811 for a parallel spaced pane or panel.
823 for a panel, per se, with U-shaped edging.

Overlapping edge and face of pane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.591. Structure in which one of the separated components of a panel, usually a glass pane, is separated from an adjacent component by means which covers the edge and adjacent areas of the faces of the panel (e.g., a U-shaped strip).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204.595 for similar devices spacing plural panels.
811 for a parallel spaced pane panel.
823 for panel, per se, with disparate U-shaped channel edging.

Metallic spring (e.g., strip separator):
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.591. Structure wherein the resilient separator is a metallic spring, frequently a longitudinally deformed metallic strip.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
769 for a springy strip panel retainer which does not act as a separator.

Multiple panes within a sash:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.5. Window in which at least two window pieces are positioned in one peripheral framework.

Decorative grill attached to sash:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.5. Window in which a lattice type structure is fastened to the sash presenting a multiple pane appearance.

Attaching means securing a pane to a sash member or to another pane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.5. Window wherein (1) a distinct member fixes a pane to the framework or (2) a distinct member completely separates two adjacent panes in the same plane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
235 for a curtain wall.
764 for a wall, ceiling, or floor section separated by a framing member.

Sash piercing element (e.g., glazing points):
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.62. Window securement wherein the pane retaining means includes a member which pierces the framework to fix the pane in position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
765 for wall, ceiling, or floor framing or section piercing means.

Including cam or wedge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.62. Window securement wherein the pane retaining means includes (1) a
rotating or sliding piece that imparts motion to a pin free to move in a groove or (2) a rectangular-shaped piece that tapers to a thin edge.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
766 for a wall, ceiling, or floor section with attaching means that has a cam or wedge.

Clamped against pane by turning cam engaging screw:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.64. Window securement cam including a screw which engages the surface of the rotating or sliding piece that imparts motion to a pin free to move in a groove and which, when turned, in cooperation with said piece causes a retaining element to press against the pane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
767 for a wall, ceiling, or floor section clamped to framing by turning a cam engaging screw.

Pivots or includes pivoting actuating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.62. Window securement wherein the pane retaining means is (1) mounted for rotational motion or (2) includes a rotating part which moves a retainer into its retaining position adjacent the pane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
768 for a wall, ceiling, or floor section including a pivotable attaching means.

Contacting pane front and back then fastens to sash:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.62. Window securement wherein separate retaining members, either angularly, or curvilinearly shaped, touch opposite faces of a pane, said members, or one of said members being interconnected by a separate fastener to the framework.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
770 for a wall, ceiling, or floor section attaching means that contacts section front and back faces then is fastened to a frame member.

Interconnected by intermediate member and fastener:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.67. Window securement connector including at least one separate element located between the retaining members and mutually joined by at least one fixing means such as a screw.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
771 for a wall, floor, or ceiling section attaching means contacts section front and back faces then is fastened to a frame member by an intermediate member and fastener.

Pane to sash attaching means resiliently biased:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.62. Window securement wherein the pane retaining means is formed of springy thin-walled material or is made of wire, said retaining means being flexed when in its pane retaining position so as to press the pane into a predetermined position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
773 for a wall, ceiling, or floor section attached to frame by a resiliently biased member.

With attaching means element received in channel or aperture in sash:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.62. Window securement wherein a portion of the pane retaining means is situated either in (1) an opening extending through the framework or (2) in a groove in the framework.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
775 for a wall, ceiling, or floor section attaching element received in a frame channel or aperture.

Solid three-sided glazing strip:
This subclass is indented under subclass 764. Structure wherein the pane retaining means consists of a solid strip having a triangular shape and used for holding a pane against a sustainer in a window.

U-shaped channel formed of separate strips overlapping pane edge, front, and back:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.5. Window wherein the periphery of the window has independent members forming the letter "U" which cover both the pane thickness and extend over a portion of both major faces.

With mechanical fastener for securing strips:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.71. Channel in which a bolt, screw, etc., is used to fix the members to the sash.

This subclass is indented under subclass 204.1. Structure including a partition on the inside of an enclosure, which partition has the passageway therethrough.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
238.1 for another construction wherein an interior type partition is used.

This subclass is indented under subclass 204.1. Structure in which the barrier construction is a wall having means defining plural, separate passageways.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, 95 for closures in spaced openings along a barrier and interconnected for concurrent movement.

This subclass is indented under subclass 204.1. Structure including a barrier having crossing or intersecting elongated members defining plural areas some of which are occupied by fixed panels, e.g., panes, and at least one being a passageway occupied by a movable floor or window.

This subclass is indented under subclass 204.1. Structure including a panel and means for attaching it over or in a passageway in a barrier by adhering or clamping it in contact with the major face of the barrier or in contact with a seal sandwiched between said face and the panel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 204.5. Structure including means for draining or venting the surface between the opposed barrier faces, e.g., the space within a barrier behind a door or window frame.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
302.1 for a drain, vent or vent plug combination of more general application.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, subclass 408 for a drain in the guide or sash of a sliding closure, subclass 471 for a threshold with a drain or vent and subclass 476.1 for a closure seal with a fluid drain or a closure face mounted deflector.

This subclass is indented under subclass 204.1. Structure wherein the framing of a door or window opening is directly attached to the studding of a wall or wherein the studding itself is part of the passageway frame.

This subclass is indented under subclass 204.1. Structure including a strip from element, which extends over the barrier face (the art term being "the architrave") so that its plane intersects the plane of the surface defining a door or window opening (the art term for this surface being "the reveal"), i.e., the strip form element covers and outlines a portion of a wall face intersecting the surface defining the inside of a door or window frame.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
716.1 for molding strips and see notes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Structure wherein the strip-form element comprises two sections covering a major portion of the reveal with the sections being in face-to-face lapped relationship with each other.

This subclass is indented under subclass 204.1. Structure having framing means defining the passageway, which means differs in kind from that forming the barrier and including means rigidly and permanently connecting together the means and the means defining surface forming the opening through the barrier (reveal).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
211 for a reveal and a border strip extending over the barrier surface (architrave).

This subclass is indented under subclass 204.55. Structure including (1) a resilient strip (2) a fastening device, held between the reveal and the framing means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Structure having sub- framing means to be enclosed by framing means defining the opening.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
364 for a penetrating receiver ground member construction where no feature forming a frame is defined, i.e., where the ground member may be defined as a "buck" of "frame member".

This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Structure in which the means defining an opening has a foraminous portion embedded in a plastic to-rigid settable material, e.g., plaster.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
255 for a cast in situ embedded protector for a corner.
660 for a fabric or lattice surface forming type sheet which may be used as an embedded reinforcement.

This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Structure including means to adjust the frame to the size of the passageway.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, subclass 505 for a means
to alter the relative position of the closure frame components or the closure frame to a wall.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure comprising tubular means confining gaseous products and including means directing a gaseous fluid (air or other gas) therein to or therefrom.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, subclass 184 for a metal smokestack peculiar to solid fuel burning furnaces.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, 500 for a flue construction including a fireplace and subclasses 307+ for a stovepipe peculiar to that class.
454, Ventilation, 1 for a chimney or stack which conducts air or products of combustion between a ventilated space and the surrounding environment.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including tubular means guiding gaseous products, a specific building structure and connecting means therebetween.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
218 for flue structures combined with a gaseous fluid director there provided for.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, 42 for a combined flue and roof flashing, per se.

WALL, CEILING, OR FLOOR DESIGNED FOR UTILITIES:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure in which a distinct duct-type path for water, fuel, heating fluid, cooling fluid, or electrical systems is an
integral part of the barrier.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for an installed lavatory fixture.
95 for a roof end structure with conduit or passage means.
192 for liquid or fluent material container with material port.
209 for window with drain or vent.
219 for a flue connection to a specific building structure.
302.1 for a barrier construction within exteriorly opening fluid handling feature.
503 for a barrier with a through fluid passage formed by the component modules of the barrier.
533 for a lapped surfacing with fluid handling feature in the joint.
553 for a lapped multiplanar surfacing with an interior space.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, 440 for a cooled enclosure having means or a relationship of components specialized to refrigeration, particularly subclass 451 for a duct confining a flowing coolant and covered by insulation means.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 633 for a wall or floor constructed with a passage for solar heated fluid to warm a building.
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 234.6 for a fluid handling system related to a vehicle guide or support, subclass 236.1 for such a system related to a geos:graphical feature and subclass 343 for such a system in a static structural installation.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 156 for ducts.
165, Heat Exchange, 53 for a specific heat exchanger structurally installed in a wall, ceiling, or floor.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, 48, 50+, and 68.1+ for a passageway specifying electrical features; e.g., a wire.
220, Receptacles, subclass 3.2 for an outlet or junction box even though a mere connection to a buried conduit may be defined.
237, Heating Systems, subclass 69 for a heating system including a duct in a floor.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, subclass 64 for a pipe joint supported by an element of a building construction.
454, Ventilation, 270 for a hollow wall structure with air distributors; e.g., inlet to space.

Load-bearing, prefabricated, abutting units with aligned utility passages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220.1. Unit which is constructed with; e.g., ducts that, upon assembly, line up with a matching unit to receive a utility therethrough.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
302.2 for drain or vent with an aligned passage.

Multiple passageway or multicellular load-bearing units (e.g., grid or two parallel pipes in a slab):
This subclass is indented under subclass 220.1. Unit containing (1) two parallel duct-type paths or (2) a network of uniformly arranged horizontal and perpendicular spaces.

Corrugated type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220.3. Unit in which the paths are defined by alternating parallel ridges and grooves.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
783.11 for a corrugated sheet.

Completely accessible continuous trench duct type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220.1. Floor containing an opening that runs the length or width thereof
and is covered to provide a planar trafficable surface.

Suspended ceiling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220.1. Ceiling in which the utilities are carried in a space beneath a floor and sheetlike elements held by a grid hanging from the floor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
506 for suspended ceilings.

Partition type (e.g., raceway arrangement):
This subclass is indented under subclass 220.1. Wall in which the utility is in demountable panel-type or modular-type structures.

Having a passageway through the entire wall, ceiling, or floor thickness (e.g., poke-through):
This subclass is indented under subclass 220.1. Wall, ceiling, or floor in which an opening, made at the smallest wall, ceiling, or floor dimension, provides access from one side of; e.g., a wall, to the other side for the utility to pass through.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including an exposed facing sheet which is attached to another structure which sheet is defined as (1) being under tension, (2) flexed or (3) defining that the other structure has means operating to pull on the sheet, the sheet acting to stress a substructure or frame so that the components of the assembly act to strengthen the structure as a whole.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
179 for a stair tread nosing which may be formed by a tensioned sheet, e.g., carpet.
223.1 for a precompressing, e.g., prestressing construction.
273 for a flexible barrier covering which may be stretched to hold it flat.

WITH COMPONENT HAVING DISCRETE PRESTRESSING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including a compressive preloading of a static structure or portion thereof by either a pre-tensioning or post-tensioning member to reduce or eliminate tensile stress.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
222 for a tensioned sheetlike facing.
231 for a related structure having means stretching the reinforcement but not applying compressive stress to the material.
291 for an adjustable stressing means acting to correct warp.
600 for a module with embedded reinforcement.
721.1 for a sustainer with a feature for resisting transverse loading; e.g., monolith with eccentric reinforcing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 446 for a process of assembly and/or joining involving prestressing of a part, particularly subclass 452 for prestressing of a rod, filament, or strand.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, 228 for processes there provided for involving precompressing.

Connecting adjacent ends of monolithic beam or girder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 223.08. Beam, girder, or truss in which preformed, independent, separately reinforced structural members are joined by the prestressing
means to form a continuous type of structural element (i.e., continuous beam).

Homogenous design (e.g., all metal):
This subclass is indented under subclass 223.8. Beam, girder, or truss in which the structural element including the prestressing means is fabricated from a single material (e.g., steel).

Anchorage (e.g., end):
This subclass is indented under subclass 223.1. Preloaded structure including a device for holding the prestressing means after tensioning.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., subclass 122.3, 122.6, and 127 for strand holder of general application.
254, Implements or Apparatus, for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, subclass 29 for an apparatus applying tension to a rod or strand.
403, Joints and Connections, subclass 314 and 365+ for an end coupler including wedging or camming means and interfitted members including radially interposed shim or bushing, respectively.

Specific prestressing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 223.1. Preloaded structure in which significance is attributed to the tensioning member.

Pressure vessel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 223.1. Preloaded structure comprising a specialized container that is specifically designed to withstand, over the entire interior
face, a fluid force that is substantially greater than normal atmospheric conditions.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, 565 for stationary tanks.

Tubular shaped tank, silo, cooling tower, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 223.1. Preloaded structure which is vertically extending, has a generally circular cross-section, and strengthened to reduce the effect of radial forces.

Axially loaded vertical structure (e.g., column, derrick):
This subclass is indented under subclass 223.1. Preloaded upright structure which is strengthened along an axis perpendicular to or at a high angle to the earth's surface.

Composed of stacked sections:
This subclass is indented under subclass 223.4. Upright structure which is made up of a plurality of preformed sections placed one on top of the other.

Slab or panel construction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 223.1. Preloaded structure which is an architectural element having a generally flat surface (e.g., wall, floor, or ceiling section) and is strengthened to overcome forces in either the vertical or horizontal direction.

Composed of abutting modular panels or blocks:
This subclass is indented under subclass 223.6. Slab in
which the architectural element is made up of a plurality preformed sections.

Beam, girder, or truss construction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 223.1. Preloaded structure which is a distinct generally horizontal structural member strengthened along a major or minor axis to counteract forces from additional loads (e.g., floor, roof).

Composed of abutting sections:
This subclass is indented under subclass 223.8. Beam, girder, or truss which is made up of a plurality of preformed sections.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including a cast type structure having a sustainer supporting the structure and additional reinforcing means cooperating with the material, which additional reinforcing means including means associated therewith to stretch or tension them.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223.1 for a cast material with means precompressing it.
240 for a partition between rooms combined with tensioning means.
414 for a monolithic cast in situ barrier with sustainer and untensioned embedded reinforcement.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including (1) a component in one layer which reacts chemically with a component of another layer or (2) a component which irreversibly changes in physical or chemical
structure other than a mere dimensional change with variations in ambient conditions, e.g., heat or moisture.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for means responsive to a condition to control movement of a component.
573 for a structure allowing mere expansion or contraction in response to a change in an ambient condition.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 15.05 for a fireproofing, biocidal or antifouling composition there provided for.
252, Compositions, 2 for a fire extinguishing composition there provided for.
285, Pipe Joints and Couplings, 2 for pipe joints with safety release and subclass 187 for temperature responsive pipe joints.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 920 (a cross- reference art collection) for a product having a heat or fire protective coating or impregnation.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including shaft-like elements held in edge-to-edge relationship which (1) present coplanar curved exposed faces exhibiting grooves between them, (2) have terminal ends projecting beyond the limits of the intersection or (3) constructions defined as imitating a log wall construction.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclass 106 for a toy log house.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure defining plural areas formed by subdividing a larger area, which areas function to shelter or enclose a person, animal or a movable object.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for a construction with means defining a stage or arena area.
29 for a structure where a horizontal surface type article may move into a compartment.
33 for a structure wherein installed fixtures, e.g., store shelving, define a traffic path.
64 for a construction wherein a wall, floor or roof may move to subdivide a larger area.
79.1 for a preassembled subenclosure specialized to assembly to form a large building.
106 for a residual jail type structure.
185 for a multilevel building with stairs.
201 for a bay window construction.
205 for a portal in an interior partition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Structure in which the outside or sheathing wall of a building includes preformed panels which are supported in crossing relationship to the terminal outside edge of a floor or by the load bearing beams or columns which define the outside limits of the building frame by attachment of the panels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
236.3 for another construction having floors at plural levels.
483.1 for another construction wherein a facer (panel) is held laterally of a repositioned elongated rigid member, a stud or column.

This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Structure in which at least one compartment is nonrectangular in shape.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80.1 for a compound curve cover, e.g., dome.
85 for a curvilinear entrance archway.
89 for a vertically curved arch.
245 for another construction forming a curvilinear barrier.
639 for a curvilinear or peaked truss.

This subclass is indented under subclass 236.1. Structure wherein at least one wall of the nonrectangular structure is curvilinear in shape.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79.4 for a prefabricated nonrectangular subenclosure.
245 for a curvilinear barrier.

This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Structure wherein the enclosed areas are on different vertically spaced levels, e.g., multistory buildings.

This subclass is indented under subclass 236.3. Structure wherein two or more enclosed areas arranged in such a manner that each unit is vertically offset (higher or lower) with respect to its adjacent unit, but not directly above or below its adjacent unit.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79.2 for vertically staggered prefabricated subenclosures.

This subclass is indented under subclass 236.3. Structure wherein a substantial portion of the vertical walls of at least two adjacent levels and the floor-ceiling barrier therebetween are cast as a single monolithic structure, e.g., poured concrete.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
250 for cast, stone-like intersection.

This subclass is indented under subclass 236.3. Structure wherein a horizontal barrier (floor-ceiling) is disposed between the upper and lower edges of a vertical barrier (wall).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
283 for the intersection of a barrier seated on a projection.

This subclass is indented under subclass 236.3. Structure wherein horizontal barrier (floor-ceiling) is disposed between two vertically spaced distinct walls or columns.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
262 for a barrier resting on walls or floor supporting walls.

This subclass is indented under subclass 236.7. Structure wherein a portion of the horizontal barrier has a cast in situ component at the juncture with the vertical walls or columns.

This subclass is indented under subclass 236.3. Structure having distinct walls or columns in vertically aligned end-to-end relationship and a horizontal barrier (floor-ceiling) at and spanning the juncture.

Partition secured to and crossed by preconstructed barrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Structure wherein the enclosed areas (i.e., compartments) are formed by a vertical partition secured to and crossed by an intermediate portion of at least one in situ preconstructed wall, ceiling, or floor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for a partition mounted relative to a base for repositioning without being totally disconnected therefrom.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 375 for auxiliary freight car floors.
114, Ships, subclass 116 for ship bulkheads.
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel, subclass 351 for portable partitions.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 283 for a movable shield used in trench excavation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 238.1. Structure wherein the partitions which form the compartments terminate in spaced relationship to a floor or ceiling.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for a collapsible structure which may form collapsible cubicle, e.g., voting booth, but which remains connected to a wall.

This subclass is indented under subclass 238.1. Structure including supporting means which are tensioned or drawn taut by means acting between spaced preconstructed barriers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223.1 for a construction including tensioned reinforcement means which compresses the construction.
231 for a cast monolith including a sustainer and means tensioning an additional reinforcement.

This subclass is indented under subclass 238.1. Structure including a distinct elongated member fixed to or resting on a ceiling and/or floor with the construction forming the vertical partition proper being coextensive with and terminating at its top and/or bottom at the member.

This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Structure including a trim-type plate or strip which is interfitted with either the terminal member or with a clip which retains said plate or strip relative to the terminal member.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
290 for strip sections with an end of a sustainer therebetween which are usually a part of the type of construction in this subclass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 238.1. Structure including a plurality of separate rigid elongated members (sustainers) extending between and individually connected to the preconstructed barriers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
690 for shafts held side-by-side by spacers, e.g., a truss.

Movable element on partition engages overhead barrier; i.e., ceiling, to secure partition in place:
This subclass is indented under subclass 238.1. Structure wherein a body mounted on the vertical partition shifts into contact with an intermediate portion of a ceiling to hold the vertical partition in position between that portion and an intermediate portion of a floor beneath the vertical partition.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
126.3 for a vertical partition which is lifted into engagement with the ceiling.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including means defining a cap which in use is mounted on and covers the exposed terminal edge of a barrier which encloses a space, e.g., chimney top guards.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for markers or monuments which may include capped stones, slabs or posts.
300 for another vertical structure with an upper terminus bearing plate or cap.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including a barrier, e.g., wall, which has its opposite faces both curvilinear and substantially parallel or a module specialized to use in forming such a barrier.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80.1 86+, 192+, 223.3, 236.1, 236.2, 244, 329+, and 639+, for another construction having a curvilinear feature.
503 for a barrier with an internal fluid passage formed by
modules.
575 for a module having non-parallel joint faces e.g., keystone shaped block.
606 for a hollow block which may be used to form a construction with a through passage.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, appropriate subclasses, particularly 100 and 157+, and see the reference to Class 138 in the class definition of this class (52).

This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Device including a horizontal structure, e.g., floor or roof, mounted on and crossing at least the inner edge of the curved barrier.

This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Structure wherein the curvilinear barrier rests on a discrete base and wherein additional means are provided for securing the barrier to the base.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
274 for an intersection supported on a base.
292 for a footing supporting a planar wall.

This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Structure including a strip or rod-like member which encircles the barrier construction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223.3 for a similar construction wherein the member has means radially compressing a tubular construction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Structure in which the curvilinear barrier is formed of plural layers which are facially opposed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
561 for a barrier of laterally related, individually assembled courses and see the search notes under subclass 561 for other constructions involving plural layers.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclass 114 for plural coaxial ducts and subclass 148 for tubular structures having plural spaced layers and see the reference to Class 138 in the class definition of this class (52).

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including a reinforced construction having a cast component which forms (a) wall, ceiling, floor or roof, (b) a load bearing column or (c) a girder or beam at least two of a, b or c being arranged in connected relationship with their principal dimension intersecting.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86 for a vertically curved stone-like arch construction.
91.2 for inclined roof with supporting substructure and cast material at the eave.
128 for a burial vault type construction.
174 for a building construction with a traffic guiding feature.
192 for a liquid or fluent material container with a fluid port.
198 for an enclosure with fluid guiding port between the ambient and a usable space.
218 for a flue with a gaseous fluid directing feature.
219 for a flue with a connection to a building structure.
294 for a concrete type footing structure.
319 for a barrier construction having rib-like portions projecting from the face of the barrier.
606 for a module, per se, with a traversing passage.

This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Structure which is specialized to a reinforced construction having a vertical component supporting a horizontal component, e.g., monolithic intersection of a column and beam.

This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Structure in which the horizontal component is an elongated sustainer, e.g., a beam or a ribbed cast slab.

This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Structure including embedded plates or rings in the columns, which rings or plates are engaged or contacted by the reinforcement of the horizontal member.

This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Structure including a device extending beneath the exposed faces of a corner defined by intersecting faces of the construction, a portion of the device, usually the outside edge of an angle member, being exposed at the intersection of said faces.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
85 for a curved entrance arch having edge protectors.
179 for a stepped stair tread nosing.
371 for a screed for a planar settable material surface.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, 4 and 7+ for road curb structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Structure in which the member constitutes a reinforcing protector for a corner, created by the intersection of two generally planar facing layers of cast in situ material, e.g., plaster.

This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Structure in which the member has at least two separably connected portions, one forming an exposed corner edge and the other extending into or along the cast in situ facing layers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Structure wherein the reinforcement has a plurality of discrete, separate anchor parts disposed at spaced intervals along its length.

This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Structure including a sustainer of cast in situ settable material which sustainer is surrounded by modules forming an intersection.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
259 and 260, for other intersection constructions with cast in situ material.
415 for a barrier formed by a facer bonded by a cast
section, e.g., brick wall.

This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Structure including cast in situ material at the juncture of intersecting modules.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
258 for a cast in situ sustainer concealed within an intersection formed by laterally related modules.
415 for modules bonded to an internal cast in situ section forming a construction of more general application.

This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Structure including a cast in situ reinforced column provided with distinct reinforcing members, e.g., rods, extending transversely of and radiating therefrom into an intersecting cast in situ floor, roof or beam.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82 for a cover construction with radial ribs.
251 for a sustainer supporting a transverse structure with reinforcing at the juncture.
258 and 259, for related constructions and see notes.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including two or more spaced structures, at least one being a wall, ceiling, floor or roof, which structures are angularly related, usually at 90 deg., the combined structure defining at least two intersections, e.g., columns supporting a roof, three or more intersecting columns, etc., and thus defining at least three sides of an area.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241 for a partition secured to a barrier by a base-board type member; appropriate subclass above for various enclosure constructions involving two or more intersections.
250 and 272+, for other constructions forming a single intersection.

This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Structure in which one barrier is a ceiling or roof resting on the upper terminus of two or more spaced vertical load-bearing constructions, e.g., columns or walls.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for a roof with an eave or a valley gutter.
73 for a rigid barrier cantilevered from a vertical structure.
86 for a vertically curved arch.
90.1 for an inclined cover or rafter with supporting substructure.
94 for a structure peculiar to a roof having a defined structure forming an exposed terminal edge.

This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Structure in which the vertical structures are columns.

This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Structure in which two or more walls rest upon and are supported by a floor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
274 for a footing supporting intersecting walls.
293.1 for a footing supporting a wall.

This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Structure in which a barrier (floor or wall) construction is composed of two or more layers of material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
249 258, 267, and 275+, for a construction forming an intersection involving a barrier of plural layers of material.
506.01 for a residual construction of dissimilar layers and see the references under "SEARCH CLASS" in subclass 506.01 for various constructions involving a layered structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Structure wherein at least one wall is formed by distinct wall sections which are arranged in vertically aligned end-to-end relationship.

Structure under 261 including wall construction having plural, distinct, coextensive layers or sections.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
265 for a construction wherein a floor supports a wall at least one of which is of a layered construction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Structure including a coextensive layer of material differing in kind from the material on both sides thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
408 for another construction having a disparate lamina
separating other components.

This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Structure including a liner or shell of preformed, sheet-form material and another layer of material differing in kind from that of the liner or shell.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
268 for a disparate material separating facer sections.
506.01 for a construction formed of modules with an attached sheetlike facing, e.g., metal on brick courses.

This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Structure in which at least one wall structure is composed of preformed modules.

This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Structure in which the modules are superimposed and keying means extend between adjacent surfaces of the modules.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
578 for a module or panel with a discrete edgewise connecting feature, e.g., integral key or separate fastener.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including a barrier, i.e., wall, floor, ceiling or roof, which intersects another barrier or a beam or column and also an adjunct or component specialized to use in such a construction, e.g., a corner trim member or corner block.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 73+, 86+, 90.1+, 128+, 234+, 246, 250+, and 261+, for a construction which may include two or more intersections of barriers.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 604 for metallic stock material having intersecting corrugations.

This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Structure including a flexible sheetlike member, e.g., carpet or linoleum, usually in face-to-face contact with a wall and floor which member is shaped to conform to an intersection or is held at an edge portion by retaining means lying at the intersection corner.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
179 for a member which is shaped to conform to the nosing of a stair tread member and subclasses 182+, for other covered stepped constructions.
287.1 for an intersection having a corner cove type channel or trim member.
506.01 for a construction having facer attached to dissimilar substructure, particularly subclass 511, for a mounting means attached to an upholstered facing panel.
716.1 for a residual in situ attached channel, or trim strip.
800.1 for a panel with separate attached edging.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, 4 for a carpet fastener wherein a barrier or a component thereof is only nominally defined.

This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Structure in which the intersection rests upon a structure differing substantially in kind or size from the supported structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
264 for a structure wherein a floor supports plural walls.
292 for a footing (foundation) of more general utility.

This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Structure wherein the construction defining an intersection has inner and outer barrier facing sections formed by separate modules which are placed in juxtaposed position, i.e., front to back across a wall.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
506.01 for a residual construction of dissimilar layers and see the reference under "SEARCH CLASS" in subclass 506.01 for various constructions involving a layered construction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Structure wherein the module defining one of the sections comprises a discrete, integral corner member, e.g., angle or L, which member overlaps the contiguous faces of the intersecting modules of the other section, the exposed surface of the discrete member and the exposed surfaces of the intersecting modules lying in offset planes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
279 for outer L and abutting inner modules forming intersecting barriers having coplanar exposed surfaces.

This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Structure wherein the corner member is curved along a substantial portion between terminal longitudinal edges thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
287.1 for a corner type trim member, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Structure wherein the corner member has means integral or attached to it which means extends below the inner face of the other section and is attached to a supporting substructure for the latter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
209 for a cap-like bridger strip over the juncture of coplanar panels.

This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Structure having inner modules in abutting relationship or separation by a mere divider such as mortar and also an outer L-shaped module covering the juncture of the abutting modules.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
276 for intersections where the sections of an integral angle overlap the abutting barrier sections.

This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Structure including at least three elongated rigid shafts lying in three intersecting planes each containing two of the shafts at least one sheetlike member forming a barrier or facing attached to at least one of the members and being parallel to its plane.

This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Structure including an elongated sustainer, e.g., beam or column which is located at, and is longitudinally coextensive with the juncture of angularly related panels or modules.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
258 for an intersection formed by laterally related modules and having a concealed cast in situ sustainer.

Exposed sustainer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Intersection in which the juncture member is visible to an observer.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
287.1 for a sheetlike trim member at an intersection.
764 for coplanarily arranged sections having a framing member between and separating the section edges and having an interfitting configuration between the framing member and the section.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
109, Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device, subclass 79 for vault corners.
217, Wooden Receptacles, subclass 65 for box corners.
403, Joints and Connections, subclass 205 for a corner connector for two members.

With three or more identical panel or module connection points:
This subclass is indented under subclass 282.1. Visible intersection in which the juncture member has at least three similar securing portions.

Wall, ceiling, or floor section designed to receive corner connector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 282.1. Visible intersection in which the juncture member fits into a designated location in a static structure component.

With fastener:
This subclass is indented under subclass 282.1. Visible intersection in which the juncture member has a bolt, screw, rivet, or nail type securing member through the wall juncture pieces.

Compressing a clamping means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 282.4. Fastening means in which the juncture member has a threaded bolt-type fastener which presses at least one discrete member against the juncture member.

This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Structure including a rigid vertical structure, e.g., column or wall, provided with a laterally extending feature which supports a barrier or preform extending generally horizontally of the vertical structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
289 for a construction of coplanar sustainers (joists) intersecting a wall.
702 for a saddle-like cantilevered anchor which holds a joist transversely of a wall.

This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Structure including plural angularly related modules or a single module specialized by its shape for use in forming an intersection, e.g., corner blocks.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
281 for corner sustainer coextensive with modules.
608 for nonrectangular cross-section modules of more general
application.

Finite (i.e., not coextensive), disparate material tie:
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Intersection including a determinate juncture member composed of a different material than the sections of a wall, floor, ceiling, or roof being secured.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
712 for a sheet and wire tie of more general application.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
109, Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device, subclass 79 for vault corners.
217, Wooden Receptacles, subclass 65 for box corners.
403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for just a corner connector.

Including threaded tie member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 285.1. Intersection in which the determinate juncture member has a bolt or screw-type fastener.

Clip-type tie:
This subclass is indented under subclass 285.1. Intersection in which the juncture member resiliently grips the static structure components in position.

Lockpin-type tie:
This subclass is indented under subclass 285.1. Intersection in which the juncture member has a generally short cylindrically or rectangularly shaped piece that fixes the static structure components in position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Structure which the module has a key on a vertical surface and a key on a horizontal surface which lock vertically and horizontally, respectively with other modules.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
589.1 for a module in the same course with keys on angularly related faces.

CONDUIT, TRIM, OR SHIELD MEMBER AT CORNER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure wherein a trim-type element; e.g., tile or baseboard, forms an exposed surface which is attached at a floor-wall, wall-wall, or wall-ceiling intersection and serves as a channel, conduit, or covering strip for protective or decorative purposes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
179 for a stair or tread nosing.
254 for a partition with an interfitted trim plate at a base or ceiling board.
716.1 for edging.

With mechanical fastener:
This subclass is indented under subclass 287.1. Corner conduit, trim, or shield which is held in position by a nail, screw, bolt, nut, rivet, pin, etc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Structure including two or more spaced sustainers, e.g., columns or
joists, which extend normally to a construction with which they form an intersection.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
283 for a module supported on a laterally projecting part of an intersecting barrier construction.
702 for a joist hanger wherein no arrangement of spaced sustainers and an intersecting barrier is defined.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including facially spaced, parallel coextensive strips or flanges, with a rigid elongated shaft extending normally to the strips with an end portion only thereof between the strips, i.e., two back-to-back baseboards with the end of a stud therebetween.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241 for a compartment forming partition having baseboards.
481.1 for a barrier with facers spaced by an internal sustainer, e.g., wall boards on either side of a stud.
690 for open-work with side-by-side shafts, e.g., truss.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure having adjustable means which is attached to a principal structure and which acts in compression, torque, tension or flexure to (1) correct deflection, warp or sag of the principal structure or (2) acts to reinforce one member of the principal structure so as to equalize the unit stress on the load-bearing members of the said principal structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
222 for a construction utilizing a tensioned or flexed facing.
223.1 for means acting under tension to compressively stress a structure in which the means is incorporated.
640 for a curvilinear or peaked truss with means to vary its camber.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure forming a discrete stable base which in use is peculiar to the support of and differs substantially in size and shape from that of a superimposed structural body such as a wall, post or column which body or base is not merely a coplanar component of or section of a floor.
(1) Note. See the search notes below for appropriate subclasses for various other constructions involving a dissimilar base and attached section.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for an in situ erected structure with a feature for supporting a disparate article.
169.1 for a structure wherein a combination with or feature related to the earth is defined.
247 for curvilinear barrier anchored to a base.
274 for barrier intersection construction with a foundation.
506.01 for a construction wherein a facer is attached to a dissimilar in situ erected section.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, appropriate subclasses for bases of more general application, particularly 678 for machinery supports; subclasses 519+ for staff supporting bases; and subclasses 346+ for miscellaneous article supporting bases.
403, Joints and Connections, 230 for a connection between a rod end and a transverse surface of general application.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 222 and 224+ for a marine foundation, or a method or apparatus for installing the same; and subclasses 229+ for subject matter relating to foundations not provided for elsewhere (e.g., piers, or piles).

For a wall:
This subclass is indented under subclass 292. Footing or
foundation in which the base member substantially supports a vertical barrier construction; i.e., a wall.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
274 for a corner and a footing.

Of block (e.g., masonry) type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 293.1. Wall footing or foundation composed of concrete, wood, metal, or clay generally rectangular cube-like building units.

With wall-securing means between wall bottom and footing (e.g., sill or sill plate):
This subclass is indented under subclass 293.1. Wall footing foundation wherein the base and vertical barrier are attached by a discreet connection which also spaces the barrier from the footing or foundation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 292. Structure in which the base is composed primarily of a stone-like cast material, e.g., concrete.

This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Structure in which there is a tie embedded in the base and projects upwardly and outwardly thereof, which tie connects the supported structure to the base.

This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Structure
supporting a vertical, rigid, pole, post, column or the like.

This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Structure in which the base surrounds, e.g., embeds, the lower portion of the elongated rigid member.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
298 or another socket type footing for a shaft.

This subclass is indented under subclass 292. Structure wherein either the stable base or the supported body includes a recess which receives the other in telescopic interfitted relation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
291 for a footing which embeds a shaft.
704 for a socket type anchor or tie, either, per se, or embedded in a wall or ceiling.

This subclass is indented under subclass 292. Structure including a plurality of separated bases supporting structure extending from and between said bases, e.g., tower with feet on separate footings.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure which is vertical, i.e., wall or column, and includes a distinct member mounted at its top and so shaped as to be the final upper terminal of the structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 for a roof finial or cresting.
102 for a border formed as an earth supported coping which may include a low wall with a cap.
103 for a marker or monument which may include a cap.
179 for a nosing of a step tread member.
218 for a flue which may include a cap therefor.
244 for a wall enclosing a space with a terminus edge protector.
254 for a corner with a revealed embedded protector.
283 for an intersection wherein means at a joint may be a cap.

This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Structure in which the vertical structure is a rigid member having a limited closed periphery and which is greatly elongated relative to any lateral dimension.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146 for a vertical structure with a diagonal brace or guy engaging a base or the earth.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
5, Beds, subclass 281 for a bed post top or ornament.
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 173, for a flagstaff having a feature specialized to such use.

WALL, CEILING, FLOOR, OR ROOF DESIGNED FOR VENTILATION OR DRAINAGE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure in which a static structure, or a component, is specifically fabricated or modified to convey a fluid (e.g., a wall with a passage for air or water).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for a cover with external water receiver at eave or valley; e.g., gutter.
95 for a roof with gable or eave structure and conduit or passage means for a subjacent area.
131 for a grave vault with fluid ports.
169.5 for a drain or vent exterior to the building foundation perimeter.
198 for an enclosure with a port from the ambient to an enclosed usable space.
209 for a door or window opening and a drain or vent for the reveal area.
220.1 for a service duct within a barrier.
310 for a construction with a feature for removing excess moisture from cast material.
311.3 for grill-work in which there is a defined color, thickness variation, dissimilar characteristics, or irregular periphery of components.
503 for a construction of plural modules forming a through fluid passage.
508 for dissimilar abutted facer sections which together form unoccupied spaces within barrier.
514.5 for a construction with means for injecting or connecting with grouting means.
533 for lapped multiplanar surfacing having a joint with fluid handling feature.
553 for a similar surfacing with space or space forming feature.
606 for an individual unit with a traversing passage.
633 for openwork; i.e., a surface forming structure which exhibits open uniform through passages or openings extending from one face to another; e.g., trusses, grilles, particularly subclass 663 for a barrier having through passages extending from one side to another formed by stacked discrete components.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 633 for a wall or floor constructed with a passage for solar heated fluid to warm a building.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 156 for a duct.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 36 for drainage devices.
454, Ventilation, 254 for a specific inlet, outlet, or flow controlling device (damper, louver, etc.) to circulate and exchange air from one area to another.

For a grain bin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 302.1. Floor in which the static structure is designed to allow air to circulate around a harvested crop.

With the vent or drain entirely along at least one substantial dimension (e.g., length, not thickness):
This subclass is indented under subclass 302.1. Wall, ceiling, floor, or roof comprising a distinct cavity, space, chamber, channel, groove, or other three dimensional hollow-type area through which a liquid or gas flows to be discharged.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
263 for a three-way corner construction on a column (e.g., elevated floor).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
165, Heat Exchange, 47 for a structural installation.
454, Ventilation, 254 for devices allowing the flow of air in a building.

Composed of interfitting blocks:
This subclass is indented under subclass 302.3. Hollowed wall, ceiling, floor, or roof wherein the hollow-type area is constructed from a hand-carried rectangular building unit attached to similar building units to form an; e.g., wall.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
415 for modules bonded by internal settable material.
503 for hollow modules that form through passages in a barrier interior.
592.6 for modular panel or block with integral key designed for stacking.
606 for an opaque stonelike module with a passage.

For a pole or post:
This subclass is indented under subclass 302.1. Structure in which a self-supporting vertical-type structure is fabricated to allow the flow of a gas or liquid.

Embedded flashing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 302.1. Wall in which a preformed, imperforate member acting as a separator between contacting elements is so formed as to allow a fluid to flow along it; e.g., a sheet metal piece inside of a wall which deflects liquid.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for exterior-type flashing.
408 for a similar construction without a liquid flow feature.

Including a plug for drain or vent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 302.1. Wall, ceiling, floor, or roof in which a distinct device closes the fluid conveying means.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including a material that permits the passage of
light and which material is embedded in but visible at a face of the embedding material or is a facing for or forms a glass block, i.e., a unit which has inherent stability against overturning as opposed to a glass pane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80.1 for a compound curve cover, e.g., dome roof or skylight.
104 for a marker or monument including a translucent feature.
133 for a burial vault with a viewing feature.
171.1 203, 204+, 204.591+, 304, and 624+, for various constructions wherein a panel is often a glass pane.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 591 for elements to illuminate the interior of buildings with outside light.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 67 for an article having an element embedded therein and which is visible.

This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Structure wherein the construction including a visible translucent component also includes an element which is made of a material different from that of the translucent component and is preformed before assembly with the translucent component.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
782 for a composite panel with sheets in face-to-face contact.

This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Structure wherein the preshaped component of different material is placed at an edge of a translucent component, i.e., between the sides of components and extends normal to the face of the resultant barrier, usually to frame a glass block.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
475.1 for construction involving modules in openings of a lattice frame.
601 for a stone-like module with dissimilar material edging.
782 for a parallel-pane panel having a disparate edging which usually holds the plural panes in their parallel positions.
782 for a composite panel with a disparate edging.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure, including (1) a significant building structure having bonded thereto or embedded therein a synthetic resinous component, or (2) a defined synthetic resin building component having a physical configuration peculiar to use as a structural component.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 for panels closing an opening and having means for attaching to a barrier, which panel is often defined as a "safety glass" sandwich having as its core layer a resinous plastic sheet.
384 and 390+, for a plastic veneer tile not limited to a specific synthetic resinous compound or composition.
612 and 782+, for a construction unit with layered components, and see the references under "SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS" and "SEARCH CLASS" in those subclasses for other locales of this type of structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for synthetic resin compounds and compositions there provided for which are not limited by a particular physical configuration to a structural use.

Structure under 309.9 wherein the exterior, nonporous components are tied together by an element distinct from the porous, foam-like component therebetween.

This subclass is indented under subclass 309.8. Structure wherein the nonfoam-like component is a hydraulic, cementitious material, e.g., concrete.

This subclass is indented under subclass 309.1. Structure wherein the synthetic resinous component has a nonresinous component bonded thereto or embedded therein, and is coextensive therewith in at least one dimension.

This subclass is indented under subclass 309.13. Structure wherein the nonresinous components are the outermost or exterior faces.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses for laminations in general.

This subclass is indented under subclass 309.13. Structure wherein the nonresinous component is the core or center component, being sandwiched between or surrounded by the resinous component.
(1) Note. The exterior nonresinous component (s) may be openwork in structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 309.13. Structure
wherein the synthetic resinous component has embedded therein an elongated nonresinous component.

This subclass is indented under subclass 309.13. Structure wherein the nonresinous component is a hydraulic cementitious material, e.g., concrete.

This subclass is indented under subclass 309.1. Structure wherein a specific, limited area of the resinous component is reinforced to aid in receiving a fastening means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
782 for an internal receiver for an elongated fastener.

This subclass is indented under subclass 309.1. Structure wherein the synthetic resinous component is not a foam, and functions to bond two surfaces together.

This subclass is indented under subclass 309.1. Structure wherein the synthetic resinous component is made of porous foam-like material.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses for laminations containing foam; 69, for a foam or cellular material, the cells being filled with a gas other than air.

This subclass is indented under subclass 309.4. Structure wherein the foam-like porous component is an adhesive.

This subclass is indented under subclass 309.4. Structure wherein the cells or voids make up the porous, foam-like material are not closed spheres, but are open and interconnect with one another.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 322.7, for stock material of open cell foam.

This subclass is indented under subclass 309.4. Structure wherein the porous, foam-like component has embedded therein an elongated component, such elongated component being completely surrounded, at least along its longitudinal dimension by the porous, foam-like component.

This subclass is indented under subclass 309.4. Structure wherein the porous, foam-like component is directly adjacent to at least one nonfoam-like component.

This subclass is indented under subclass 309.8. Structure wherein the exterior or outermost components are of nonfoam-like material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
782 for sandwich type panels.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 312.8, for a cellular or porous component including a nonporous or noncellular layer.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including an element or feature of a particular composition or porosity which is specialized to absorbing or draining excess moisture from a mass of an initially fluid but settable material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
302.1 for constructions with an exteriorly opening fluid part and see notes.

ORNAMENTAL: COLOR, THICKNESS VARIATION, OR DISSIMILAR ELEMENTS FORMING PATTERN:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including means forming an exposed face which exhibits a particular desired visual effect, which effect is gained by: (1) having a defined coloring, (2) relief or intaglio surface shape of a monolith or component element, or (3) by a defined pattern formed as the result of the edge-to-edge relationship of elements which have differing surface characteristics or an irregular periphery.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 for a roof with finial or cresting.
103 for a marker or monument.
105 for a structure with indicia.
384 and 390+, for a veneer tile construction which may form a regular pattern.
554 for a lapped covering of generally similar sections; e.g., shingles, which together form a pattern.
557 for lapped multiplanar generally similar elements forming a surfacing which simulates a single element.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, subclass 42 for modules with a patterned face.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 3 and 542.2+ for a miscellaneous ornamental article not provided for elsewhere and subclass 598 for a metallic stock material having a T- or X-shaped cross-section.

Elements interfit or abut to create design:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311.1. Ornamental structure wherein a static structure component (e.g., wall, ceiling, floor, door) is composed of distinct pieces that, when assembled, make a unique pattern or configuration.

Decorative feature on a grille-type support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311.1. Ornamental structure wherein an assembly of structural members form an array or grid-type pattern for a wall, or ceiling.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204.61 for window decorative grilles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Structure wherein a portion of the construction comprises a member with a slot or groove into which an elongated strip fits.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
716.1 for a residual in situ attached trim strip.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 156 for a stock material product in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet in which at least one component varies in thickness.

This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Structure wherein the desired visual effect is achieved by the arrangement of separate sections made of wood, there being a visible difference in the grain of at least two sections.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
316 for integral relief which may utilize or simulate wood grain.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclasses 44-62 for plural stock material sheets or webs abutting edge to edge, whether or not joined, and subclass 106 for a plural component web or sheet comprising wood grain in two layers or components angularly related.

This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Structure in which the exposed face of a preformed unit gives the appearance of being formed of multiple units, this effect being gained by deformation or marking of the base material of at least one facing section.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
316 for other integral relief ornamental facings.
557 for a similar construction involving a multiplanar overlapping sectional surface, e.g., shingles forming a pattern.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 156 and 174+ for nonuniform thickness or nonplanar uniform thickness stock material which may simulate multiple units and subclass 573 for a metallic stock material having a width or thickness variation which repeats longitudinally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Structure which discrete elements, e.g., natural stone, are partially embedded in a structural unit, the portions not embedded being exposed to provide the desired effect.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
318 for a cast type surfacing with revealed intersecting stiffness.
384 and 390+, for a veneer tile construction which forms a regular pattern.

This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Structure in which the desired effect is obtained through a relief or intaglio surface deformation of a face of the material of a panel like member.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
314 for a facer deformed to simulate plural facer units.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, subclass 59 for a process of etching involving formation of relief or intaglio surfaces.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 156 for a structurally defined stock material product in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet in which at least one component varies in thickness and subclass 598 for a metallic stock material having aT - or X - shaped cross section.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure wherein a wall cavity is broken up into a plurality of dead air spaces by elongated transverse elements the ends of which engage adjacent vertical framing members (studs) and the sides of which engage the opposed inner surfaces of the wall surfacing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
404.1 for insulation inserted in barrier cavity.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including a cast in situ barrier with intersecting or crossing reinforcing stiffeners embedded therein, with the common edges of said members being exposed at a surface of the barrier, usually to reduce wear on the barrier material, e.g., terrazzo paving.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
181 for a wear surface with an embedded or inserted filler.
315 for an ornamental cast panel with revealed embedded components.
455 for a sectional imperforate facing within a peripheral frame, e.g., a multipaneled door or window sash.
475.1 for a preformed panel within a preassembled frame.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
14, Bridges, subclass 73 for a similar construction peculiar to bridge floors.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, 47 for a pavement including joint means, subclass 67 for terrazzo-like components and subclass 70 for a pavement including reinforced structure.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including a cast in situ primary concrete body, which forms a major face of a barrier (wall or floor) combined with an elongated sustainer for the concrete body having at least one terminal longitudinal edge projecting laterally outward of said major face, the structure as a whole being such as to resist relatively heavy transverse loads, e.g., a concrete, ribbed, reinforced floor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
344 for a construction for walls or partitions wherein a settable material (plaster) backer is fixed to a furring, stud or joist.
483.1 for a construction wherein a pre-formed facer element
is wholly positioned to one side of a sustainer.
602 for a cast reinforced module with monolithic ribs.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 233 for a method or apparatus for installing a cast in situ pile; and subclass 257 for a cast in situ pile, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Structure including a rigid self-sustaining filler member between spaced sustainers, which member has a depth which is substantial relative to its length and height, the member being used in side-by-side relationship with others, one coplanar face formed by the members being covered by the cast in situ barrier material, e.g., a ribbed concrete floor with hollow tile fillers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Structure including a reinforcing member extending between and transversely of the sustainers, which member engages the sustainers and retains them in position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
239 326, 335+, and 338+, for a sheetlike backer between sustainers.
475.1 for a facer within a cornered peripheral frame.

This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Structure in which the sustainer consists of reinforced settable material, which sustainer is preformed before it is placed, it is joined to the settable material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
721.1 for a stone-like sustainer, per se, with feature for
resisting transverse loading.

This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Structure including fillers which are subdivided into two or more sections, which sections cooperate with each other to form a complete filler unit, which unit forms a void within the cast in situ material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
380 for cast in situ barrier construction defining an isolated space and lacking a laterally projecting rib-type sustainer.
576 for a module with an isolated internal cavity.
577 for embedded type void former, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Structure including distinct means underlying the face of a sustainer section which fills the space between the filler members.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
440 for a construction of facer sections bonded together by settable material sections which are covered by a surfacing section or other means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Structure in which the filler member circumscribes a cavity and has an external shape which in silhouette is other than a rectangle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
608 for a nonrectangular cross-section block, per se, which may be used in a cast ribbed-type construction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Structure including (1) sheetlike members against which the concrete is cast or (2) elongated members extending transversely of the sustainers which act to strengthen the barrier construction combined with means engaging members (1) or (2) and acting to suspend them from the sustainer.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
321 for a similar construction of block-type fillers with a transverse retainer engaging a sustainer.
506.06 for a facer suspended from a sustainer lacking the settable material component, e.g., a so-called "suspended ceiling".

This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Structure including a separately identifiable additional facing section which is carried by the cast barrier section either directly or by the rib-type sustainer, which section is coextensive with an extended surface of the construction forming the primary load-bearing barrier.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
367 for nailing strips embedded in and supported by a stone-like base structure.
479 for another type of barrier with face-to-face sections.
506.01 for a barrier formed by modules and attached dissimilar section.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Structure in which the additional facing section rests on or is fixed to the surface of the barrier on the side thereof opposite to the side from which the sustainer projects, e.g., flooring above a ribbed concrete subfloor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Structure including a generally sheet-form curvilinear member which is supported by the rib-type sustainer and against the convex side of which the concrete forming the barrier surface is poured, i.e., the sustainer and arched backer constitute a form.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86 for structure which as a whole forms a vertical curvilinear arch.
339 for a similar construction involving only a cast barrier.

This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Structure in which the rib-type sustainer includes an elongated flange-web type (I or T beam) reinforcement embedded therein.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Structure including distinct means, e.g., hanger, bracket or spacer, interposed between the additional section and the terminal face of the sustainer which is adjacent thereto.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Structure in which the additional section is formed by thin rigid units arranged in edge-to-edge relationship.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Structure in which the additional section is formed of settable material and the extremity of the sustainer opposite the barrier is anchored or embedded in the material of the section.

This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Structure including means, usually a projection, fixed to the sustainer, usually a metal beam which means anchored or embedded within the cast barrier material and acts to reduce or eliminate longitudinal movement or slippage, i.e., shear, between the sustainer and the barrier forming material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
647 740.7, 740.6, 740.3+, and 740.9, for a shaft with a lateral projection.

This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Structure including a preformed sheetlike member carried on the upper surface of the sustainer and spanning the space between plural sustainers, which member supports the cast barrier-forming material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
344 particularly subclass 354 for a settable material (plaster) backer fixed to a furring, joist or stud.

This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Structure in which the sheetlike member is corrugated, with the axis of the corrugations extending normal to the sustainer axis.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
416 for lapped multiplanar or bridge strip type surfacing in which sheets are held by settable material.
450 for a corrugated imperforate sheet member which acts as a backer for settable material.
630 for a panel with integral reinforcing, e.g., a corrugated panel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Structure in which parallel sustainers of settable material are intersected by, and are integral with, parallel sustainers disposed normally to the first mentioned sustainers, and together form a grid or lattice, often termed a "waffle ceiling" in the art.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
252 for cast reinforced column with distinct sustainers therebetween.
475.1 for a preshaped unit in a preassembled cornered peripheral frame.

This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Structure in which the sustainer is of the flange-web (I or T beam) type and a section forming a backing for the cast material is supported from a surface of a flange forming an inside corner with the web.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
469 for a structure wherein a sustainer section, e.g., flange extends into a notch or rabbet in a module.
506.01 for a related construction wherein a facer is attached to a dissimilar barrier section.

This subclass is indented under subclass 338. Structure in which the backer section is generally curvilinear and sheetlike and wherein the barrier material is supported from the convex side of the curved backer section.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
329 for a similar structure with an additional facing section.

This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Structure in which the material of the barrier or similar material completely encloses a member which acts as a laterally projecting sustainer.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
721.1 for a reinforced stone-like beam or girder, per se, having a defined structural feature resisting transverse loading.
738.1 for a beam or girder with a dissimilar shell.

This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Structure in which the primary barrier includes embedded reinforcing means, e.g., rods, which reinforcing is modified or altered where it crosses the sustainer.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure in which a plurality of thin, flat slat-like members whose width is greater than their depth and whose length is greater than either, the members being arranged with a flat major face in planar, side-by-side spaced relationship, the structure as a whole receiving a settable material which extends between the members and also covers the major faces, e.g., wood-lath plaster wall.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
367 for a flat ground member serving as a screed or fastener receiver, i.e., with a revealed surface at the settable material face.
454 for a panel with attached filament or mesh for retaining settable material.
660 for a fabric or lattice sheetlike open work, e.g., mesh.

This subclass is indented under subclass 342. Structure wherein the members are (1) connected by means of a filament or (2) intersect and pass over and under each other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
669 for a foraminous fabric or lattice openwork formed by discrete rod-like members which are dissimilar in cross-section.
676 for a fabric or lattice openwork formed as a mesh with attached bodies.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure including panel means (backer) attached to an elongated rigid member serving as a spacer or sustainer and known to the art as a furring, joist or stud, the panel means or arrangement thereof being specialized to the reception or retention of a settable material which sets to rigidity, e.g., plaster covered panel, panel with plaster retaining features, combination of panels wherein the fasteners therefor act to retain plaster, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
238.1 for a vertical partition secured to a preconstructed transverse barrier.
342 for openly spaced slat type lath.
364 for an installed screed or unit with a feature retaining a penetrating fastener.
443 for an imperforate type settable material receiving backer, per se.
474 for a construction of more general application wherein modules are fixed to an elongated sustainer, particularly subclasses 483.1+ for a module held laterally of sustainer.
660 for a fabric or lattice openwork which in use may be
embedded.

This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Structure including adjustable means spacing the backer from the elongated rigid member.

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365 for an adjusting means for a screed or penetrating fastener receiver.

This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Structure including means allowing the backer to float or to move relative to the elongated rigid member.

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345 for a similar combination with an adjustable spacer.
573.1 for a structure of more general application having means accommodating a dimension variation responsive to changing conditions, e.g., expansion by heat.

This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Structure including means on the support side of the backer for inhibiting or moderating the passage of vibrations, moisture or temperature variations through the assemblage, e.g., sound or heat insulating.

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17 for an insulated car roof.
144 for structure including an element having physical features for acoustical purposes.
167.1 for means compensating earth transmitted force.
380 for a cast in situ barrier with a filler within it.
404.1 for a nonsettable insulating material within a cavity in a barrier.
408 for a disparate sheet lamina separating components of an in situ construction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Structure having at least two spaced elongated rigid members arranged in an intersecting or crossing relationship to two other such spaced members thus defining a supporting framework for a backer parallel thereto.

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762 for a facer lateral of a pre-positioned polygonal frame.

This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Structure in which the backer frame includes an elongated rigid member, i.e., stud or joist, which terminates at the flange of a flanged member.

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241 for a partition having an elongated terminal member joined to a preconstructed barrier.

This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Structure in which one member is supported by the flange of a crossing or intersecting member.

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349 for a like structure where an elongated rigid member terminates at the flange of a flanged member.

This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Structure including a load-bearing barrier section and means permanently embedded in said section, which means is connected to elongated rigid member which supports the backer and/or to the backer itself.

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698 for an anchor or tie, per se, specialized to use in an in situ construction and see the search notes thereunder for other constructions utilizing a tie.

This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Structure comprising a pair of spaced parallel sheets, at least one of which is a backer for retaining settable material, and a longitudinal projection integral with at least one sheet, which projection retains the sheets in parallel, spaced relation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Structure in which a distinct tie member crosses or extends through opposed backers.

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698 for an anchor or tie, per se, and see the search notes thereunder for other constructions utilizing a tie.

This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Structure in which an integral part of the elongated rigid support usually a rib, extends between opposed edges of coplanar backers.

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338 for a barrier with a cast in situ section and a lateral
rib wherein a backer is supported by an interposed flange-web sustainer.
468 for a cap-like bridger strip extending between edges of panels.

This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Structure including a discrete separable fastener cooperating with the part of the support between the backers and acting to retain a backer in position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Structure in which the elongated rigid member is structurally modified to engage and retain a backer or an intermediate holder for such backer.

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482 for a shaft having a ductile type deformable grip for a facer.

This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Structure including a separate clip-type fastener, one end of which engages the distal surface of the backer relative to the elongated support member and the other end of which engages a distal surface of the member disposed relative to the backer.

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712 for a sheet and wire tie, per se, which is used to connect components of an in situ construction.

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24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., appropriate subclasses, particularly subclass 339 for fastener not specialized to building construction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Structure in which the clip-type fastener is formed by a wire, a length of which extends completely across a face of a backer section.

This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Structure in which the member is a flange-web (I or T) member, the backer or its support abutting or being fixed to the flange, which flange is also engaged by the clip.

This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Structure in which there are flanges extending from opposite sides of the web and the clip includes means engaging the distal edges of the oppositely projecting flanges.

This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Structure including a fastener which passes into or through either the backer, the member or both.

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364 for another construction having a defined feature for receiving a penetrating fastener.

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411, Expanded, Threaded, Driven, Headed, Tool-Deformed, or Locked-Threaded Fastener, 439 for impact driven fasteners of general application, and see the reference to Class 411 in Class 52, subclass 698.

This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Structure in which the fastener penetrates or passes into the material of the member.

This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Structure in which the fastener also passes into the material of the backer.