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U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Office of Electronic Information Products
Patent Technology Monitoring Division (PTMD)


U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES-
UTILITY PATENT GRANTS,
CALENDAR YEARS 1969-2003

- this report has been prepared with support from the National Science Foundation -

TECHNOLOGIES EMPHASIZED IN UTILITY PATENTS ASSIGNED TO
ALL U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES,
UTILITY PATENT GRANTS, 1993 AND 2003

Classes listed in order of descending activity index for 2003

( a higher activity index indicates a higher level of patenting emphasis )
( technology class is determined by the primary patent classification - see 'Explanation of Data' )
( patent ownership is determined by the first-named assignee listed on a patent )

Explanation of Data

Technologies emphasized in utility patents assigned to
all U.S. colleges and universities, 1993 and 2003 grants.
Class Class Title Number of Patents
in 1993
Number of Patents
in 2003
Number of
University Patents
in 1993
Number of
University Patents
in 2003
University Activity Index
for 1993
University Activity Index
for 2003
800 Multicellular Living Organisms and Unmodified Parts Thereof and Related Processes 33 446 4 70 7.349 8.140
435 Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology 1498 3174 176 494 7.123 8.072
530 Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof 360 538 38 81 6.400 7.809
449 Bee Culture (propagating, raising, caring for bees) 1 7 0 1 0.000 7.409
23 Chemistry: Physical Processes 10 8 0 1 0.000 6.483
436 Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing 341 469 25 53 4.445 5.861
505 Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process 261 51 26 5 6.040 5.085
424 Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions (includes Class 514) 3851 6950 256 601 4.030 4.485
127 Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates 20 12 0 1 0.000 4.322
117 Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor 127 179 5 13 2.387 3.767
136 Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric 72 146 0 10 0.000 3.552
532 Organic Compounds (includes Classes 532-570) 3266 2824 122 174 2.265 3.196
423 Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds 538 491 12 25 1.352 2.641
356 Optics: Measuring and Testing 584 1262 11 63 1.142 2.589
149 Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges 25 61 0 3 0.000 2.551
504 Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions 241 166 6 8 1.509 2.500
419 Powder Metallurgy Processes 34 88 2 4 3.566 2.357
483 Tool Changing 34 22 0 1 0.000 2.357
588 Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment 46 44 0 2 0.000 2.357
128 Surgery (includes Class 600) 1261 2690 60 122 2.885 2.352
204 Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy 464 605 24 27 3.136 2.315
71 Chemistry: Fertilizers 38 23 0 1 0.000 2.255
378 X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices 253 452 16 19 3.834 2.180
607 Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application 252 606 8 25 1.925 2.140
374 Thermal Measuring and Testing 137 150 1 6 0.443 2.075
516 Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents, Subcombinations Thereof, Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting 53 75 1 3 1.144 2.075
422 Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing 599 712 16 28 1.620 2.040
367 Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices 222 134 5 5 1.366 1.935
250 Radiant Energy 1101 1750 45 65 2.478 1.926
427 Coating Processes 702 1025 21 38 1.814 1.923
706 DP: Artificial Intelligence (Data Processing) 171 250 5 9 1.773 1.867
502 Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making 446 402 16 14 2.175 1.806
398 Optical Communications 120 387 1 13 0.505 1.742
252 Compositions 541 546 10 18 1.121 1.710
95 Gas Separation: Processes 151 276 7 9 2.811 1.691
702 DP: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing (Data Processing) 224 1295 10 42 2.707 1.682
460 Crop Threshing or Separating 18 31 0 1 0.000 1.673
205 Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions 331 346 12 11 2.198 1.649
216 Etching a Substrate: Processes 226 254 1 8 0.268 1.634
43 Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying 283 298 2 9 0.428 1.566
372 Coherent Light Generators 442 697 26 21 3.566 1.563
434 Education and Demonstration 233 269 1 8 0.260 1.542
382 Image Analysis 427 1624 9 47 1.278 1.501
363 Electric Power Conversion Systems 176 357 7 10 2.411 1.453
376 Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements 297 110 2 3 0.408 1.414
14 Bridges 25 37 0 1 0.000 1.402
332 Modulators 21 38 0 1 0.000 1.365
520 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers (includes Classes 520-528) 3713 3393 70 88 1.143 1.345
237 Heating Systems 32 39 0 1 0.000 1.330
359 Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements 856 1903 18 48 1.275 1.308
623 Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor 211 761 5 19 1.437 1.295
601 Surgery: Kinesitherapy 102 122 0 3 0.000 1.275
335 Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets 153 204 2 5 0.793 1.271
703 DP: Structural Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Emulation (Data Processing) 56 169 2 4 2.165 1.228
585 Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds 294 170 5 4 1.031 1.220
203 Distillation: Processes, Separatory 82 43 1 1 0.739 1.206
385 Optical Waveguides 613 1906 8 43 0.791 1.170
351 Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting 167 314 0 7 0.000 1.156
606 Surgery (instruments) 666 1629 12 36 1.092 1.146
501 Compositions: Ceramic 321 227 11 5 2.078 1.142
148 Metal Treatment 382 464 14 10 2.222 1.118
219 Electric Heating 690 1045 7 21 0.615 1.042
518 Chemistry: Fischer-Tropsch Processes; or Purification or Recovery of Products Thereof 14 51 0 1 0.000 1.017
47 Plant Husbandry 130 205 4 4 1.866 1.012
73 Measuring and Testing 1121 2052 35 40 1.893 1.011
429 Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process 353 924 3 18 0.515 1.010
110 Furnaces 108 52 1 1 0.561 0.997
426 Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products 621 680 9 13 0.879 0.992
210 Liquid Purification or Separation 1198 1004 34 19 1.721 0.982
96 Gas Separation: Apparatus 107 159 0 3 0.000 0.979
324 Electricity: Measuring and Testing 872 1849 36 34 2.503 0.954
494 Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators 37 58 0 1 0.000 0.894
75 Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures 225 235 7 4 1.886 0.883
264 Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes 996 998 13 17 0.791 0.883
420 Alloys or Metallic Compositions 87 59 0 1 0.000 0.879
228 Metal Fusion Bonding 299 301 2 5 0.406 0.862
257 Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes) 1001 4293 17 71 1.030 0.858
428 Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles 1825 3177 12 52 0.399 0.849
602 Surgery: Splint, Brace, or Bandage 111 184 0 3 0.000 0.846
431 Combustion 158 187 1 3 0.384 0.832
604 Surgery (Medicators and Receptors) 974 1707 18 27 1.120 0.820
342 Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation) 300 581 5 9 1.011 0.803
116 Signals and Indicators 63 65 0 1 0.000 0.798
452 Butchering 108 67 0 1 0.000 0.774
65 Glass Manufacturing 174 202 3 3 1.045 0.770
62 Refrigeration 703 1018 6 15 0.517 0.764
165 Heat Exchange 305 346 1 5 0.199 0.749
256 Fences 39 72 0 1 0.000 0.720
164 Metal Founding 257 290 1 4 0.236 0.715
68 Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus 70 73 0 1 0.000 0.710
315 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems 319 751 0 10 0.000 0.691
209 Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids 197 158 7 2 2.154 0.657
310 Electrical Generator or Motor Structure 488 873 8 11 0.994 0.654
338 Electrical Resistors 92 80 0 1 0.000 0.648
405 Hydraulic and Earth Engineering 380 332 5 4 0.798 0.625
104 Railways 81 84 0 1 0.000 0.617
333 Wave Transmission Lines and Networks 203 589 8 7 2.389 0.616
353 Optics: Image Projectors 66 253 1 3 0.919 0.615
438 Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process 1131 5096 22 60 1.179 0.611
700 DP: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications (Data Processing) 389 1021 6 12 0.935 0.610
60 Power Plants 630 942 6 11 0.577 0.606
313 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices 269 1027 1 12 0.225 0.606
177 Weighing Scales 90 86 0 1 0.000 0.603
119 Animal Husbandry 273 432 1 5 0.222 0.600
433 Dentistry 260 266 3 3 0.700 0.585
403 Joints and Connections 183 270 1 3 0.331 0.576
118 Coating Apparatus 289 451 1 5 0.210 0.575
510 Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions 236 544 0 6 0.000 0.572
380 Cryptography 140 93 1 1 0.433 0.558
326 Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry 235 496 1 5 0.258 0.523
343 Communications: Radio Wave Antennas 229 602 3 6 0.794 0.517
432 Heating 78 101 1 1 0.777 0.514
345 Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems 613 2325 9 23 0.890 0.513
417 Pumps 439 623 4 6 0.552 0.499
348 Television 834 1071 8 10 0.582 0.484
241 Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration 246 217 2 2 0.493 0.478
134 Cleaning and Liquid Contact with Solids 270 549 0 5 0.000 0.472
244 Aeronautics 293 440 3 4 0.621 0.471
416 Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers) 189 220 1 2 0.321 0.471
124 Mechanical Guns and Projectors 84 113 0 1 0.000 0.459
72 Metal Deforming 326 349 0 3 0.000 0.446
269 Work Holders 85 122 0 1 0.000 0.425
33 Geometrical Instruments 248 385 0 3 0.000 0.404
425 Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus 427 387 2 3 0.284 0.402
318 Electricity: Motive Power Systems 468 527 7 4 0.907 0.394
381 Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices 221 399 0 3 0.000 0.390
251 Valves and Valve Actuation 244 283 1 2 0.248 0.367
349 Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems 236 856 5 6 1.285 0.364
375 Pulse or Digital Communications 512 1567 6 11 0.711 0.364
52 Static Structures (e.g., Buildings) 642 859 0 6 0.000 0.362
341 Coded Data Generation or Conversion 288 722 6 5 1.263 0.359
114 Ships 239 291 0 2 0.000 0.356
320 Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or Discharging 122 297 0 2 0.000 0.349
404 Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus 145 149 0 1 0.000 0.348
162 Paper Making and Fiber Liberation 214 308 1 2 0.283 0.337
712 Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing, e.g., Processors (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 150 308 3 2 1.213 0.337
138 Pipes and Tubular Conduits 81 157 0 1 0.000 0.330
188 Brakes 212 314 0 2 0.000 0.330
29 Metal Working 1046 1464 7 9 0.406 0.319
106 Compositions: Coating or Plastic 377 488 4 3 0.643 0.319
445 Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device Manufacturing 70 163 1 1 0.866 0.318
442 Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth, Etc.) 174 169 0 1 0.000 0.307
701 DP: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative Location (Data Processing) 294 1195 4 7 0.825 0.304
454 Ventilation 118 173 0 1 0.000 0.300
508 Solid Anti-Friction Devices, Materials Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions 201 175 1 1 0.302 0.296
707 DP: Database and File Management or Data Structures (Data Processing) 150 1403 0 8 0.000 0.296
267 Spring Devices 146 176 0 1 0.000 0.295
430 Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof 1452 1585 2 9 0.084 0.294
34 Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact with Solids 199 183 1 1 0.305 0.283
482 Exercise Devices 304 371 0 2 0.000 0.280
715 DP: Presentation Processing of Document (Data Processing) 67 191 0 1 0.000 0.272
440 Marine Propulsion 134 192 0 1 0.000 0.270
336 Inductor Devices 55 202 0 1 0.000 0.257
366 Agitating (e.g., of articles and materials) 140 205 2 1 0.866 0.253
414 Material or Article Handling 433 433 0 2 0.000 0.240
709 Multiple Computer or Process Coordinating (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 115 1166 2 5 1.054 0.222
292 Closure Fasteners 147 238 0 1 0.000 0.218
327 Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems 392 1254 5 5 0.773 0.207
714 Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery 374 1265 3 5 0.486 0.205
708 Arithmetic Processing and Calculating (Electrical Computers) 298 256 5 1 1.017 0.203
83 Cutting 259 260 0 1 0.000 0.199
716 DP: Design and Analysis of Circuit or Semiconductor Mask (Data Processing) 76 805 1 3 0.798 0.193
99 Foods and Beverages: Apparatus 252 275 1 1 0.241 0.189
369 Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval 661 1102 2 4 0.183 0.188
330 Amplifiers 195 554 1 2 0.311 0.187
340 Communications: Electrical 664 1121 9 4 0.822 0.185
180 Motor Vehicles 327 581 2 2 0.371 0.179
323 Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems 109 290 1 1 0.556 0.179
123 Internal-Combustion Engines 1071 1747 2 6 0.113 0.178
384 Bearings 214 297 0 1 0.000 0.175
166 Wells (shafts or deep borings in the earth, e.g., for oil and gas) 415 595 1 2 0.146 0.174
70 Locks 189 307 0 1 0.000 0.169
361 Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices 708 1891 2 6 0.171 0.165
307 Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems 176 317 1 1 0.344 0.164
137 Fluid Handling 657 670 0 2 0.000 0.155
2 Apparel 232 337 0 1 0.000 0.154
331 Oscillators 126 343 2 1 0.962 0.151
386 Television Signal Processing for Dynamic Recording or Reproducing 183 343 0 1 0.000 0.151
451 Abrading 307 731 1 2 0.197 0.142
248 Supports (e.g., for holding articles, etc.) 491 737 1 2 0.123 0.141
370 Multiplex Communications 519 2593 5 7 0.584 0.140
200 Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers 231 385 0 1 0.000 0.135
713 Support (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 153 807 1 2 0.396 0.129
455 Telecommunications 412 1653 1 4 0.147 0.126
360 Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval 700 1244 1 3 0.087 0.125
711 Memory (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 255 1255 2 3 0.476 0.124
705 DP: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/Price Determination (Data Processing) 164 422 0 1 0.000 0.123
704 DP: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression (Data Processing) 186 427 0 1 0.000 0.121
222 Dispensing (apparatus and process) 508 444 1 1 0.119 0.117
74 Machine Element or Mechanism 607 500 4 1 0.400 0.104
239 Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing 397 533 1 1 0.153 0.097
347 Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information 469 1711 0 3 0.000 0.091
280 Land Vehicles 793 1154 1 2 0.076 0.090
156 Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture 761 1188 2 2 0.159 0.087
297 Chairs and Seats 231 639 0 1 0.000 0.081
365 Static Information Storage and Retrieval 627 1950 7 3 0.677 0.080
174 Electricity: Conductors and Insulators 337 788 1 1 0.180 0.066
235 Registers (e.g., cash registers, calculators, devices for counting movements of devices, etc.) 316 791 0 1 0.000 0.066
362 Illumination 397 1082 0 1 0.000 0.048
379 Telephonic Communications 354 1076 1 1 0.171 0.048
1 ** Classification Undetermined ** 0 48 0 0 0.000 0.000
4 Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons 249 329 0 0 0.000 0.000
5 Beds 268 372 1 0 0.226 0.000
7 Compound Hand Tools 34 33 0 0 0.000 0.000
8 Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers 200 244 0 0 0.000 0.000
12 Boot and Shoe Making 14 9 0 0 0.000 0.000
15 Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning 312 501 0 0 0.000 0.000
16 Miscellaneous Hardware 130 260 0 0 0.000 0.000
19 Textiles: Fiber Preparation 54 42 0 0 0.000 0.000
24 Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, Etc. 209 326 0 0 0.000 0.000
26 Textiles: Cloth Finishing 12 9 0 0 0.000 0.000
27 Undertaking 13 25 0 0 0.000 0.000
28 Textiles: Manufacturing 39 44 0 0 0.000 0.000
30 Cutlery 201 297 0 0 0.000 0.000
36 Boots, Shoes, and Leggings 141 187 0 0 0.000 0.000
37 Excavating 82 108 0 0 0.000 0.000
38 Textiles: Ironing or Smoothing 11 24 0 0 0.000 0.000
40 Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting 144 312 0 0 0.000 0.000
42 Firearms 92 193 0 0 0.000 0.000
44 Fuel and Related Compositions 85 112 0 0 0.000 0.000
48 Gas: Heating and Illuminating 23 21 0 0 0.000 0.000
49 Movable or Removable Closures 165 169 0 0 0.000 0.000
51 Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition 89 82 0 0 0.000 0.000
53 Package Making 301 417 0 0 0.000 0.000
54 Harness (for animals) 16 36 0 0 0.000 0.000
55 Gas Separation 113 169 1 0 0.537 0.000
56 Harvesters 174 201 0 0 0.000 0.000
57 Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining 110 60 0 0 0.000 0.000
59 Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making 20 29 0 0 0.000 0.000
63 Jewelry 34 52 0 0 0.000 0.000
66 Textiles: Knitting 80 69 0 0 0.000 0.000
69 Leather Manufactures 2 1 0 0 0.000 0.000
76 Metal Tools and Implements, Making 23 22 0 0 0.000 0.000
79 Button Making 0 1 0 0 0.000 0.000
81 Tools 186 228 0 0 0.000 0.000
82 Turning (e.g., for metal working) 62 109 1 0 0.978 0.000
84 Music 298 274 1 0 0.203 0.000
86 Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making 17 15 0 0 0.000 0.000
87 Textiles: Braiding, Netting, and Lace Making 7 9 0 0 0.000 0.000
89 Ordnance 129 126 2 0 0.940 0.000
91 Motors: Expansible Chamber Type 120 80 0 0 0.000 0.000
92 Expansible Chamber Devices 91 144 0 0 0.000 0.000
100 Presses 115 129 0 0 0.000 0.000
101 Printing 306 547 0 0 0.000 0.000
102 Ammunition and Explosives 185 212 3 0 0.983 0.000
105 Railway Rolling Stock 72 81 0 0 0.000 0.000
108 Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces 74 148 0 0 0.000 0.000
109 Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device 18 14 0 0 0.000 0.000
111 Planting 26 66 0 0 0.000 0.000
112 Sewing 143 65 1 0 0.424 0.000
122 Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers 68 86 0 0 0.000 0.000
125 Stone Working 36 39 0 0 0.000 0.000
126 Stoves and Furnaces 149 164 0 0 0.000 0.000
131 Tobacco 94 72 0 0 0.000 0.000
132 Toilet 102 154 0 0 0.000 0.000
135 Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane 86 90 0 0 0.000 0.000
139 Textiles: Weaving 100 41 0 0 0.000 0.000
140 Wireworking 29 28 0 0 0.000 0.000
141 Fluent Material Handling, with Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means 215 286 1 0 0.282 0.000
142 Wood Turning 1 1 0 0 0.000 0.000
144 Woodworking 87 121 1 0 0.697 0.000
147 Coopering 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000
150 Purses, Wallets, and Protective Covers 21 23 0 0 0.000 0.000
152 Resilient Tires and Wheels 160 223 0 0 0.000 0.000
157 Wheelwright Machines 18 14 0 0 0.000 0.000
159 Concentrating Evaporators 26 3 1 0 2.332 0.000
160 Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel 121 184 0 0 0.000 0.000
163 Needle and Pin Making 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000
168 Farriery 12 10 0 0 0.000 0.000
169 Fire Extinguishers 45 45 0 0 0.000 0.000
171 Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects 8 6 20 1 5.158 0.000
172 Earth Working 75 87 0 0 0.000 0.000
173 Tool Driving or Impacting 46 90 0 0 0.000 0.000
175 Boring or Penetrating the Earth 158 260 0 0 0.000 0.000
178 Telegraphy 31 10 0 0 0.000 0.000
181 Acoustics 112 179 0 0 0.000 0.000
182 Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold 82 129 0 0 0.000 0.000
184 Lubrication 70 61 0 0 0.000 0.000
185 Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered 5 2 0 0 0.000 0.000
186 Merchandising 10 17 0 0 0.000 0.000
187 Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift for Vehicle 114 102 0 0 0.000 0.000
190 Trunks and Hand-Carried Luggage 24 47 0 0 0.000 0.000
191 Electricity: Transmission To Vehicles 20 14 1 0 3.032 0.000
192 Clutches and Power-Stop Control 179 324 0 0 0.000 0.000
193 Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways 20 17 0 0 0.000 0.000
194 Check-Actuated Control Mechanisms 60 56 0 0 0.000 0.000
196 Mineral Oils: Apparatus 5 0 0 0 0.000 0.000
198 Conveyors: Power-Driven 389 486 1 0 0.156 0.000
199 Type Casting 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000
201 Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic 1 3 0 0 0.000 0.000
202 Distillation: Apparatus 42 26 0 0 0.000 0.000
206 Special Receptacle or Package 594 558 1 0 0.102 0.000
208 Mineral Oils: Processes and Products 206 152 4 0 1.177 0.000
211 Supports: Racks 231 293 1 0 0.262 0.000
212 Traversing Hoists 30 53 0 0 0.000 0.000
213 Railway Draft Appliances 11 5 0 0 0.000 0.000
215 Bottles and Jars 126 102 0 0 0.000 0.000
217 Wooden Receptacles 1 1 0 0 0.000 0.000
218 High-Voltage Switches with Arc Preventing or Extinguishing Devices 34 48 0 0 0.000 0.000
220 Receptacles 410 283 0 0 0.000 0.000
221 Article Dispensing 114 183 0 0 0.000 0.000
223 Apparel Apparatus 31 36 0 0 0.000 0.000
224 Package and Article Carriers 205 225 0 0 0.000 0.000
225 Severing by Tearing or Breaking 35 37 0 0 0.000 0.000
226 Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length 47 43 0 0 0.000 0.000
227 Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus 70 120 1 0 0.866 0.000
229 Envelopes, Wrappers, and Paperboard Boxes 190 117 0 0 0.000 0.000
231 Whips and Whip Apparatus 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000
232 Deposit and Collection Receptacles 16 21 0 0 0.000 0.000
234 Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching) 0 2 0 0 0.000 0.000
236 Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation 93 74 0 0 0.000 0.000
238 Railways: Surface Track 14 24 0 0 0.000 0.000
242 Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding 446 460 1 0 0.136 0.000
245 Wire Fabrics and Structure 1 0 0 0 0.000 0.000
246 Railway Switches and Signals 26 37 0 0 0.000 0.000
249 Static Molds 39 45 0 0 0.000 0.000
254 Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force 129 161 0 0 0.000 0.000
258 Railway Mail Delivery 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000
260 Chemistry of Carbon Compounds 8 1 20 1 5.158 0.000
261 Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus 86 124 0 0 0.000 0.000
266 Metallurgical Apparatus 111 94 2 0 1.092 0.000
270 Sheet-Material Associating 51 52 0 0 0.000 0.000
271 Sheet Feeding or Delivering 350 378 0 0 0.000 0.000
273 Amusement Devices: Games 257 301 0 0 0.000 0.000
276 Typesetting 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000
277 Seal for a Joint or Juncture 186 263 1 0 0.326 0.000
278 Land Vehicles: Animal Draft Appliances 0 1 0 0 0.000 0.000
279 Chucks or Sockets 49 76 0 0 0.000 0.000
281 Books, Strips, and Leaves 55 19 0 0 0.000 0.000
283 Printed Matter 88 57 0 0 0.000 0.000
285 Pipe Joints or Couplings 248 293 2 0 0.489 0.000
289 Knots and Knot Tying 2 10 0 0 0.000 0.000
290 Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants 22 98 0 0 0.000 0.000
291 Track Sanders 0 2 0 0 0.000 0.000
293 Vehicle Fenders 26 58 0 0 0.000 0.000
294 Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements 169 153 1 0 0.359 0.000
295 Railway Wheels and Axles 1 5 0 0 0.000 0.000
296 Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops 289 753 0 0 0.000 0.000
298 Land Vehicles: Dumping 14 27 0 0 0.000 0.000
299 Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material 55 44 0 0 0.000 0.000
300 Brush, Broom, and Mop Making 8 13 0 0 0.000 0.000
301 Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles 49 119 0 0 0.000 0.000
303 Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems 223 186 0 0 0.000 0.000
305 Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles 15 46 0 0 0.000 0.000
312 Supports: Cabinet Structure 192 217 0 0 0.000 0.000
314 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable Electrodes 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000
322 Electricity: Single Generator Systems 42 37 0 0 0.000 0.000
329 Demodulators 17 24 0 0 0.000 0.000
334 Tuners 2 2 0 0 0.000 0.000
337 Electricity: Electrothermally or Thermally Actuated Switches 63 106 0 0 0.000 0.000
346 Recorders 49 5 0 0 0.000 0.000
352 Optics: Motion Pictures 15 26 0 0 0.000 0.000
355 Photocopying 124 294 0 0 0.000 0.000
358 Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing 525 787 2 0 0.231 0.000
368 Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices 139 166 0 0 0.000 0.000
373 Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces 58 30 0 0 0.000 0.000
377 Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems 74 31 3 0 2.458 0.000
383 Flexible Bags 77 82 0 0 0.000 0.000
388 Electricity: Motor Control Systems 15 8 0 0 0.000 0.000
392 Electric Resistance Heating Devices 76 80 1 0 0.798 0.000
396 Photography 483 474 1 0 0.126 0.000
399 Electrophotography 686 926 0 0 0.000 0.000
400 Typewriting Machines 240 267 0 0 0.000 0.000
401 Coating Implements with Material Supply 102 198 0 0 0.000 0.000
402 Binder Device Releasably Engaging Aperture or Notch of Sheet 30 33 0 0 0.000 0.000
406 Conveyors: Fluid Current 58 48 1 0 1.045 0.000
407 Cutters, for Shaping 70 77 0 0 0.000 0.000
408 Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool 110 104 0 0 0.000 0.000
409 Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing 82 97 0 0 0.000 0.000
410 Freight Accommodation On Freight Carrier 29 94 0 0 0.000 0.000
411 Expanded, Threaded, Driven, Headed, Tool-Deformed, or Locked-Threaded Fastener 183 155 0 0 0.000 0.000
412 Bookbinding: Process and Apparatus 22 22 0 0 0.000 0.000
413 Sheet Metal Container Making 8 10 0 0 0.000 0.000
415 Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps 243 383 0 0 0.000 0.000
418 Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices 133 168 0 0 0.000 0.000
439 Electrical Connectors 933 1710 0 0 0.000 0.000
441 Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices 63 90 0 0 0.000 0.000
446 Amusement Devices: Toys 169 368 0 0 0.000 0.000
450 Foundation Garments 9 24 0 0 0.000 0.000
453 Coin Handling 18 35 0 0 0.000 0.000
462 Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding 20 1 0 0 0.000 0.000
463 Amusement Devices: Games 73 456 0 0 0.000 0.000
464 Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible Couplings for Rotary Shafts 83 96 0 0 0.000 0.000
470 Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and Apparatus 13 12 0 0 0.000 0.000
472 Amusement Devices 43 52 0 0 0.000 0.000
473 Games Using Tangible Projectile 442 663 0 0 0.000 0.000
474 Endless Belt Power Transmission Systems or Components 186 171 0 0 0.000 0.000
475 Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components 146 310 0 0 0.000 0.000
476 Friction Gear Transmission Systems or Components 13 36 0 0 0.000 0.000
477 Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including Engine Control 97 215 0 0 0.000 0.000
492 Roll or Roller 26 38 0 0 0.000 0.000
493 Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web 135 151 0 0 0.000 0.000
503 Record Receiver Having Plural Interactive Leaves or a Colorless Color Former, Method of Use, or Developer Therefor 182 55 0 0 0.000 0.000
507 Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry 43 69 0 0 0.000 0.000
512 Perfume Compositions 30 27 0 0 0.000 0.000
710 Input/Output (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 286 977 2 0 0.424 0.000
717 DP: Software Development, Installation, and Management (Data Processing) 53 341 1 0 1.144 0.000
718 Virtual Machine Task or Process Management or Task Management/Control (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 46 118 0 0 0.000 0.000
719 Interprogram Communications or Interprocess Communication (IPC) (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 18 121 0 0 0.000 0.000
725 Interactive Video Distribution Systems 46 204 0 0 0.000 0.000
*** All Classes *** 98342 169027 1622 3259 1.000 1.000


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