Birch, Stewart, Kolasch & Birch, LLP
Moatz, Harry
From: CG...
Sent: Tuesday, February 10, 2004 5:46 PM
To: ethicsrules comments
Subject: Comments on Rules
Dear Sirs,
Attached are comments on behalf of Birch, Stewart, Kolasch
& Birch, LLP on the proposed rules published December 12,
2003. This transmission is intended for the sole use of the
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1
BIRCH, STEWART, KOLASCH & BIRCH, LLP
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Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA MAKI HATSUMI
HERBERT M. BIRCH (1905-1996) KRISTI L. RUPERT, PH.D.
BERNARD L. SWEENEY' ROBERT W. DOWNS
ELLIOT A. GOLDBERG' CHAD J. BILLINGS
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JAMES W.
QUENTIN RHER C E CORRIE February 10, 2004
ROBERT F. GNUSE
DAVID R. MURPHY
ROBERT M. ASHEN'
WILLIAM e. WALKER' VIA E-.MAIL: ethicsrules.
comments@uspto.gov
Attention: Mr. Harry 1. Moatz
Mail Stop OED-Ethics Rules
United States Patent and Trademark Office
P.O. Box 1450
Alexandria, Virginia 22313-1450
RE: Comments On The USPTO Notice Of Proposed Rulemaking,
Federal Register, 68,
No. 239, Friday, December 12, 2003 Relating To "Changes To
Representation Of
Others Before The United States Patent And Trademark
Office"
1. SUMMARY COMMENTS
Initially, it is respectfully noted that the public,
including those registered to practice before the USPTO
having substantial and important interests that may be
affected profoundly by the proposed rules, have been given
relatively little time to evaluate and respond to this
far-reaching proposal. The possible range and magnitude of
the effects of the proposed changes cannot be evaluated
properly in the relatively short period that has been allowed
for comment. The following comments, therefore, should be
considered as preliminary in nature. The interested public
should be afforded a significantly greater opportunity to
evaluate and respond to the proposed rules published on
December 12, 2003 and/or any further such proposal.
MAIL ADDRESS: P.O. BOX 747, FALLS CHURCH, VIRGINIA, USA 22040-0747
Comments on Proposed Rulemaking, 68 Fed. Reg., 239
February 10, 2004
The undersigned recognizes the responsibility of the USPTO to ensure professional and ethical representation before the USPTO. The proposed rules relating to CLE requirements, including courses provided by the USPTO, are a useful means for helping the USPTO to meet that responsibility. However, much of the proposed rulemaking will require USPTO personnel to administer and oversee rules and regulations that unnecessarily duplicate oversight that is already provided by individual State Bar organizations for the lawyers practicing before the USPTO. We recognize that both registered patent lawyers and registered non-lawyer patent agents practice before the USPTO and it may be that limited modification of the current rules may be necessary to deal with situations recently encountered by the USPTO in cases involving non-lawyer patent agents. But the vast majority of practitioners representing clients before the USPTO are lawyers that are licensed to practice in one or more individual states. Each of those states already has an established code of ethics, professional responsibility requirements and procedures for dealing with allegations of ethics code violations. The undersigned submits that those organizations are fully capable of dealing with ethics or professional responsibility violations of licensed lawyers without the need for the USPTO to duplicate those efforts. Promulgation of further requirements for practitioners already obligated to abide by the ethical code of one jurisdiction makes it likely that such practitioners will be, at times, subject to conflicting requirements or regulations. It seems particularly unnecessary for the USPTO to establish new and duplicative procedures at a time when the USPTO is struggling to obtain sufficient budget resources to meet all of its various existing responsibilities.
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BIRCH, STEWART, KOLASH & BIRCH, L.L.P.
Comments on Proposed Rulemaking, 68 Fed. Reg., 239 February
10, 2004
2. COMMENTS ON SPECIFIC PROPOSED RULES
2.1 Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. 1.21 - Miscellaneous Fees and
Charges
Part (5) of this rule establishes a fee of $130 for review of
any decision of the OED Director. This amounts to a monetary
penalty imposed upon a practitioner for the privilege of
seeking review of what may very well be an erroneous action
on the part of the OED Director. This is inequitable.
2.2 Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. 11.2 - Director of the Office
of Enrollment and Discipline
Part (c) provides that any request for reconsideration of a
decision on petition to the OED Director waives the right to
appeal by petition to the USPTO Director under paragraph (d)
of this section. Such a provision is punitive and
unnecessary. Moreover, because any practitioner dissatisfied
with a decision of the OED Director cannot reasonably risk
loss of the right of appeal, this provision will likely
result in numerous unnecessary appeals to the USPTO
Director.
2.3 Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. 11.7(g) - Requirements for
Registration, Investigation of Moral Character
Part (e) relating to examination results provides that an
individual notified that he or she failed an examination for
registration may not pursue substantive review of the answers
or questions contained in the examination. It would appear
that such a provision is an effort to minimize the burden of
USPTO personnel in reviewing examination results. However,
the effect may be to ignore and/or cover up errors in the
examination or in the manner that the examination
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BIRCH, STEWART, KOLASH & BIRCH, L.L.P.
Comments on Proposed Rulemaking, 68 Fed. Reg., 239 February
10, 2004
was graded, transferring the burden of PTO errors to
applicants for registration. This is inequitable.
In part (g) the USPTO has specifically sought comments on two
alternatives for accepting a State Bar's determination on the
moral character of a person seeking to become a registered
practitioner. The undersigned submits that the USPTO should
follow the first proposed option, namely that the USPTO give
deference to the State Bars by permitting patent attorneys to
submit a copy of their State Bar application and moral
character determination. Consistent with our general comment
made above, there seems to be no need for the USPTO to
establish new procedures and require new personnel to
administer those procedures when the individual State Bars
already perform the same task and it has not been shown that
simply giving deference to a determination by the State Bars
would in any way permit USPTO registration of unqualified
candidates.
2.4 Proposed Rule 37 CFR Section 11.16 - Financial Books
and Records
This proposed rule would provide the OED Director with a
completely new and broad authority to examine the financial
books and records maintained by a private law firm or
individual practitioner. The undersigned objects to this
proposed rule because it is unnecessary. Further, the rule
appears to be constitutionally suspect inasmuch as it lacks
any standard for permitting or limiting the scope of an
examination by the OED Director of a firm's financial books
and records.
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BIRCH, STEWART, KOLASH & BIRCH, L.L.P.
Comments on Proposed Rulemaking, 68 Fed. Reg., 239 February
10, 2004
Although not stated in the notice of proposed rulemaking,
it would appear from the wording of the proposed rule that
the impetus for the rule is a concern about proper handling
of trust accounts. If that is the USPTO's valid concern, then
the undersigned again submits that such concerns, based upon
reasonable belief of an ethics code violation, could simply
be referred by the OED Director to the relevant State Bar
which could undertake an investigation under already
established procedures. The various State Bars often deal
with issues involving client trust accounts and the USPTO
should take advantage of those already existing procedures
without the need for the USPTO to unnecessarily duplicate
those efforts.
But beyond the general objection to the need for the proposed
rule, the proposed rule would also provide the OED Director
with essentially unfettered authority to examine financial
books and records of a private law firm. While the rule
provides that the OED Director may also examine any trust
account "whenever the OED Director reasonably believes that
the trust account may not be in compliance with the rules of
professional conduct", the rule provides absolutely no
standard for when the OED Director would be authorized to
otherwise examine a law firm's financial books and records.
The rule does not, for example, provide that the OED Director
could initiate such an examination only on the basis of
constitutionally sufficient, reasonable, credible and
sufficient evidence of an ethics code violation and upon a
showing that review of the books and records would be likely
to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence relevant to
any issue raised by the alleged violation. The rule also
makes no limitation on the scope of the examination, thereby
permitting the OED Director to examine all of a firm's
5
BIRCH, STEWART, KOLASH & BIRCH, L.L.P.
Comments on Proposed Rulemaking, 68 Fed. Reg., 239
February 10, 2004
financial books and records. This is a violation of the
privacy of a practitioner, a firm and of the clients.
For these reasons, the undersigned submits that the proposed
rule 11.16 should be eliminated.
2.5 Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. 11.18 - Signature and
Certificate for Correspondence Filed in the Office
Section (c) provides that violations of any of paragraphs
(b)(2)(i) through (iv) of this section may be subject to
sanctions including, inter alia, a monetary sanction. It is
not clear that the USPTO has the legal authority to impose a
monetary sanction in such circumstances.
2.6 Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. Rule 11.22 - Investigations
Part (i) provides a 30 calendar day period for a practitioner
to respond to the OED Director's written inquiries in the
conduct of an investigation, and provides an absolute limit
of one (1) extension for an additional 30 days. The
desirability of conducting proceedings with dispatch is
recognized. However, in some circumstances, additional time
may be reasonably required to gather evidence and information
that is not in the immediate possession, custody or control
of the practitioner, and to provide a proper response on
behalf of the practitioner. Accordingly, a provision should
be included to permit for further extensions upon showing of
good cause.
6
BIRCH, STEWART, KOLASH & BIRCH, L.L.P.
Comments on Proposed Rulemaking, 68 Fed. Reg., 239
February 10, 2004
Part (j)(2) provides that the OED Director or other
representative, upon the filing of a complaint by a client
against a practitioner, may request information from a
noncomplaining client of the practitioner with either the
consent of the practitioner or, upon a written showing of
good cause, the authorization of the PTO Director. This
provision is not adequate for protecting legitimate, proper
interests of practitioners.
Complaints against practitioners are often baseless and
unwarranted. It is inappropriate for any person associated
with the USPTO, on the basis of an unproven complaint which
may indeed be baseless and unwarranted, to contact and make
inquiries of noncomplaining clients of any practitioner. Such
contact with noncomplaining clients inherently tarnishes the
reputation of the practitioner and interferes unnecessarily
with the attorney-client relationship.
The comments relating to this rule suggest that there are
cases in which disciplinary action is necessary and a
noncomplaining client is unknowingly being victimized by a
practitioner. That may be correct in some situations.
However, the rule is unnecessarily broad and enables USPTO
personnel to contact noncomplaining clients in advance of any
adjudication that the practitioner has engaged in any
wrongdoing whatsoever. As such, it imposes a penalty on the
practitioner by interference with legitimate and proper
client relations, before there is a finding of any wrongdoing
whatsoever. The rule is, thus, overly broad and
inappropriate.
Part (k) of this rule, like Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. 11.16,
provides an inappropriate power for the OED Director, alone
or through a staff attorney, to examine financial books and
records maintained by a practitioner. As discussed with
reference to Rule 11.16, this provision is constitutionally
suspect in that it violates the normal rights of privacy and
immunity against
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BIRCH, STEWART, KOLASH & BIRCH, L.L.P.
Comments on Proposed Rulemaking, 68 Fed. Reg., 239 February
10, 2004
unreasonable searches and seizures without imposing any standard whatsoever for permitting such examination, and unnecessarily duplicates state bar rules for maintaining trust accounts and the powers of state bars to examine the records of trust accounts.
2.7 Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. 11.23 - Committee on
Discipline
This rule provides that the Committee on Discipline shall
consist solely of members who are employees of the USPTO. A
committee comprised solely of employees of the USPTO will not
have the knowledge necessary to properly evaluate the conduct
of persons engaged in the practice of law in as much as
employees of the USPTO do not themselves engage in the
practice of law. Rather, the Committee on Discipline should
be properly balanced with members of the active bar having
substantial experience in the practice of law, including
specifically practice before the USPTO. Such individuals
might be appointed, for example, by the Director of the USPTO
for limited periods of service on the Committee. Such
individuals might be selected from among respected and
experienced members of the patent bar.
2.8 Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. 11.38 - Contested Case
This rule provides that evidence obtained by a subpoena
issued under 35 U.S.C. §24 shall not be admitted into
the record of a disciplinary proceeding or considered unless
leave to proceed under 35 U.S.C. §24 was previously
authorized by the hearing officer. This is an improper
limitation on the right of an accused practitioner to obtain
evidence in support of this or her
8
BIRCH, STEWART, KOLASH & BIRCH, L.L.P.
Comments on Proposed Rulemaking, 68 Fed. Reg., 239 February
10, 2004
defense. As such, it is an improper limitation on an individual's right and ability to defend against charges and a denial of due process.
2.9 Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. 11.52 - Discovery
This rule inappropriately limits the ability of an accused
party to take discovery which may be necessary for his or her
defense. As such, it is a denial of due process.
Part (a) requires a party to establish in a clear and
convincing manner that discovery is necessary and relevant.
This standard is inconsistent with normal practice in the
U.S. judicial system and inconsistent with that which is set
forth in the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Discovery is
normally appropriate if it is reasonably calculated to lead
to the discovery of admissible evidence. An accused party has
a right to broad and unfettered discovery in support of his
or defense against charges.
Part (b)(1) prohibits discovery which will be used by another
party solely for impeachment or cross-examination. Part
(b)(4) effectively prohibits discovery that relates to
experts. These provisions further improperly limit the right
and ability of an accused individual to obtain information
which may be used properly in defense of charges.
Part (d) of the rule requires a party seeking discovery to
file a motion and explain in detail for each discovery
request made how the discovery sought is necessary and
relevant to an issue actually raised in the complaint or the
answer. Again, this is an improper limitation on the right of
an accused individual to obtain information reasonably
necessary for defense against charges.
9
BIRCH, STEWART, KOLASH & BIRCH, L.L.P.
Comments on Proposed Rulemaking, 68 Fed. Reg., 239
February 10, 2004
2.10 Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. 11.101 -Competence
Part (c)(3) of this rule, by its terms, opens the door to
finding a practitioner incompetent for the most minor
deviations from PTO practice or procedure. As such, it is
unnecessarily broad.
Part (c)(4) provides that a practitioner shall be considered
guilty of incompetent representation by virtue of having
filed or prosecuted, or having assisted in the filing or
prosecution of an application claiming "a frivolous
invention." The rule then purports to set forth a standard
for what is a "frivolous invention". However, the standard is
vague and cannot be applied consistently. Moreover, the
provision appears to conflict with every practitioner's
obligation, under state bar regulations, to zealously
represent his or her client.
2.11 Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. 11.102 - Scope of
Representation
Part (g) appears by its terms to regulate the conduct of a
practitioner before bodies other than the USPTO. The USPTO
has no such authority.
2.12 Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. 11.104 (a)(2) - Communication
This proposed rule would establish new procedures for
practitioners to follow when dealing with a matter referred
to the practitioner by a foreign attorney or foreign agent
located in a foreign country. The undersigned submits that
this proposed rule is unnecessary and needlessly adds new
paperwork and written records for representation of non-U.S.
resident clients.
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BIRCH, STEWART, KOLASH & BIRCH, L.L.P.
Comments on Proposed Rulemaking, 68 Fed. Reg., 239 February
10, 2004
The undersigned would first of all like to understand the
particular problems which the USPTO is attempting to address
with the proposed rule. The undersigned has represented many
non-U.S. resident clients for decades and has not
encountered, nor is aware of, problems which would require
the establishment of this new proposed rule. If there are
particular problem cases that have arisen and require the
attention of the USPTO, then it would seem that a proposed
rule could be more carefully tailored to address those
situations without the need for unnecessarily creating a new
broad and burdensome requirement on practitioners and
clients.
Proposed rule 11.104(a)(2) would specifically require a
practitioner to obtain "the written and informed consent" of
an inventor to communicate through a foreign attorney or
foreign patent agent when that foreign attorney or foreign
patent agent sends a patent application naming the inventor
to the practitioner in the United States. That foreign
inventor would have necessarily already have a professional
relationship with the foreign attorney or foreign patent
agent and would have understood that the foreign attorney or
patent agent would need to utilize the services of a U.S.
patent attorney or agent to transact business with the USPTO.
Indeed, the foreign inventor would typically have no direct
dealings with the U.S. attorney or agent and so would clearly
understand that communications regarding actions with the
USPTO would have to be communicated from the U.S. attorney or
agent to the foreign inventor through the foreign patent
attorney or agent. The undersigned sees no reason to
complicate this communication with unnecessary paperwork
simply to confirm the obvious, namely that it is the foreign
attorney or agent, not the inventor, who will have the direct
communications with the U.S. attorney or agent.
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BIRCH, STEWART, KOLASH & BIRCH, L.L.P.
Comments on Proposed Rulemaking, 6$ Fed. Reg., 239 February
10, 2004
The situation is made even more complicated and unnecessarily burdensome for U.S. practitioners who represent large non-U.S. corporations. Patent applications for those corporations could involve a large number of different inventors, but emanate from the same central company legal/patent department. If the USPTO insists upon some rule regarding communications between U.S. practitioners and foreign entities, then the rule should at least permit a single "written and informed consent" document between the U.S. practitioner and the foreign corporation to be considered sufficient for any applications assigned to that corporation, regardless of the specific inventorship.
2.13 Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. 11.105 - Fees
This rule relates to fees Which may be charged by
practitioners, requiring that a practitioner's fee shall be
reasonable. Further, specific requirements are imposed upon
the manner in which a practitioner must communicate with a
client with respect to fees [See part (b)]. This constitutes
inappropriate involvement of the USPTO with the private
business matters and business relationships of practitioners
and their clients. '
The reasonableness of any practitioner's fee for any service
is determined primarily by the market for such services. So
long as a practitioner is not engaged in fraudulent conduct,
the amount and type of fee charged by the practitioner is
strictly a matter of agreement between the practitioner and
the client in an environment wherein the client is free to
choose among many available practitioners. The USPTO has no
proper role in determining the reasonableness of
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BIRCH, STEWART, KOLASH & BIRCH, L.L.P.
Comments on Proposed Rulemaking, 68 Fed. Reg., 239
February 10, 2004
fees, and it is inappropriate to promulgate rules which purport to control or effect the reasonableness or amount of any fee.
2.14 Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. 11.116 - Declining or
Terminating Representation
Part (c) provides that, when ordered to do so by the USPTO, a
practitioner shall continue representation of a client
notwithstanding good cause for terminating the
representation. This rule is unduly broad, may result in the
imposition of inappropriate burdens upon a practitioner, may
require a practitioner to engage in representation when
compliance with state bar ethical guidelines requires the
practitioner to cease representation, and otherwise violates
a practitioner's right to independently accept or reject
representation of any client.
2.15 Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. 11.117 -Sale of Practice
This rule unduly restricts the right of a practitioner to
sell or purchase a law practice involving patent or trademark
matters before the Office. Part (a) provides a seller to
cease to engage in the private practice before the USPTO.
This unduly restricts an individual's right to earn a
livelihood by, for example, selling a practice, but
continuing to practice before the USPTO for a single client
exclusively or for a corporate employer. Part (b) requires
that a practice must be sold as an entirety. This unduly and
unnecessary restricts the right of individuals to engage in
proper and legal business transactions.
13
BIRCH, STEWART, KOLASH & BIRCH, L.L.P.
m
Comments on Proposed Rulemaking, 68 Fed. Reg., 239 February
10, 2004
2.16 Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. 11.505 - Unauthorized Practice
of Law
This rule contains several provisions which appear to address
activity characterized as the unauthorized practice of law
"in any other jurisdiction." This appears to be overreaching
and an effort to control behavior outside of the reasonable
jurisdiction or purview of the USPTO.
2.17 Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. 11.602 -Accepting
Appointments
This rule is overly broad in that it seeks to govern the
behavior of a practitioner with respect to agencies or
tribunals other than the USPTO.
2.18 Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. Section 11.702 - Advertising
Consistent with the undersigned's general comment above, it
is again submitted that the rules established and governed by
the various State Bars on lawyer advertising are fully
sufficient without the need for the USPTO to regulate new and
different rules in this field. The various State Bars have
specific rules on lawyer advertising and have a long history
of appropriately dealing with potential violations.
Beyond the lack of necessity for these proposals, two aspects
of proposed rule 11.702 are of particular concern. First of
all, subparagraph (b) would require that a copy or recording
of any advertisement or communication of this type shall be
kept "for two years after its last dissemination along with a
record of when and where it was used". There seems to be no
good valid basis for imposing this record keeping burden on
practitioners. If ever a complaint about a particular
advertisement or communication were presented to the OED,
then a copy of that
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BIRCH, STEWART, KOLASH & BIRCH, L.L.P.
Comments on Proposed Rulemaking, 68 Fed. Reg., 239 February
10, 2004
advertisement or communication would clearly be available
to the complainant, so there would be no need to seek a copy
from the records of the U.S. practitioner.
Subparagraph (e) of proposed rule 702 would also require that
any advertisement or communication to the public under this
section must include "the name of at least one practitioner
responsible for its content". This is again an unnecessary
burden and intrusion into the affairs of practitioners. U.S.
law firms often times distribute advertisements or
communications to prospective clients that describe the
capabilities of the entire law firm. Those advertisements and
communications are intended to promote the full scope of the
firm, without highlighting any one individual. There again
seems to be no valid basis for requiring that such
advertisements and communications include the name of at
least one practitioner from a firm.
The undersigned would again like to understand the reason for
proposing such a requirement. If a law firm were to
disseminate an improper advertisement or communication, is
there some concern on the part of the USPTO that all
attorneys at the firm would disavow responsibility because no
individual was listed on the advertisement or communication?
The USPTO should not be concerned about such a situation,
because the partners of such a firm would still be ultimately
responsible for such acts.
2.19 Proposed Rule 37 C.F.R. Section 11.703 - Direct
Contact with Prospective
Clients
The undersigned again submits that these types of issues are
already well handled by the various State Bar associations,
and there is no need for the USPTO to promulgate rules or
govern such activities as they relate to registered
attorneys.
15
BIRCH, STEWART, KOLASH & BIRCH, L.L.P.
Comments on Proposed Rulemaking, 68 Fed. Reg., 239 February
10, 2004
But beyond the general objection, paragraph (c) of
proposed rule 703 places another unnecessary burden and
requirement on communications with prospective clients. That
rule would require the words "advertising material" to be
included on the outside envelope "and at the beginning and
ending of any electronic or recorded communication." This
requirement first of all seems to far exceed the authority of
the USPTO to regulate commercial speech, such as advertising
or communications with prospective clients. Secondly, the
language of the rule is unduly broad and indefinite because
it could become impossible to determine which types of
communications would be encompassed by the rule. For example,
would notices about lecture or seminar presentations be
considered "advertising material" because they are or might
be directed to persons with whom the practitioner has no
prior professional relationship, even though such notices do
not strictly "solicit" professional employment?. Similarly,
would typical law firm newsletters or materials providing
legal updates be considered "advertising material", even
though such materials do not specifically "solicit"
professional employment?
As with several of the rules discussed above, if there are
some particular circumstances of egregious conduct which the
USPTO believes need to be addressed, then it would seem to be
that more narrowly tailored rules could address those
concerns without placing undue burdens on ethical
practitioners with the current proposed rules that take a
broad brush approach. Neither practitioners nor the USPTO
need to be encumbered by new burdensome rules and procedures.
16
BIRCH, STEWART, KOLASH & BIRCH, L.L.P.
Comments on Proposed Rulemaking, 68 Fed. Reg., 239
February 10, 2004
Conclusion
The undersigned respectfully urge that the U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office reconsider the proposed rules in light of
the above comments. Additionally, in view of the limited
opportunity afforded for comment on the proposal. It is
respectfully submitted that further opportunity should be
provided for comment prior to adoption of any new rules or
regulations.
Respectfully submitted,
BIRCH, STEWART,,O SCLI & B C ', LLP
Michael K. Wtter
L onard R. Svensson
Charles Gorenstein
17
BIRCH, STEWART, KOLASH & BIRCH, L.L.P.
