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U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Electronic Information Products Division
Patent Technology Monitoring Team (PTMT)

U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES-
UTILITY PATENT GRANTS,
CALENDAR YEARS 1969-2005

- this report has been prepared with support from the National Science Foundation -

BREAKOUT BY TECHNOLOGY CLASS -
PATENTS DISTRIBUTED BY CALENDAR YEAR OF PATENT APPLICATION

NUMBER OF UTILITY PATENTS ASSIGNED ANNUALLY
TO U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES RANKED IN THE
TOP 200 BY R&D EXPENDITURES IN FY 2004

- Explanation of Data -

Rank Ordered Listing of Technology Classes Receiving 1 or More Utility Patents During the Period

This Summary Table Displays Patent Counts By Technology Class
For Each of the:

TOP 200 R&D UNIVERSITIES, COMBINED

( count of patent grants, as distributed by calendar year of patent application )
( technology class is determined by the primary patent classification - see 'Explanation of Data' )

<
Annual patent counts for the university.
Counts of granted patents are either distributed by the year of patent grant
or by the year of patent filing. Multiple assignee names may be associated
with a university.
Class Class Title PRE_1985 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total
424 Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions (includes Class 514) 656 114 125 160 183 196 214 216 273 369 499 815 514 579 586 575 593 453 328 94 15 0 7557
435 Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology 454 85 83 103 108 119 140 166 226 344 551 766 475 611 588 629 582 470 190 40 10 0 6740
532 Organic Compounds (includes Classes 532-570) 504 46 52 68 84 100 87 112 130 155 171 227 143 201 159 210 218 167 130 80 11 0 3055
128 Surgery (includes Class 600) 212 19 40 33 58 44 59 65 61 90 73 103 80 104 108 98 113 121 70 23 2 0 1576
530 Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof 103 23 29 36 34 46 34 36 52 65 115 139 78 102 116 108 87 69 25 6 1 0 1304
520 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers (includes Classes 520-528) 123 20 19 13 28 38 48 53 52 55 69 75 64 67 61 70 78 68 61 21 3 0 1086
250 Radiant Energy 133 11 16 31 31 38 37 37 44 46 51 49 54 50 63 62 59 57 62 44 7 0 982
073 Measuring and Testing 196 14 18 16 26 20 33 27 28 29 32 42 40 43 42 56 35 35 38 34 10 0 814
800 Multicellular Living Organisms and Unmodified Parts Thereof and Related Processes 9 1 1 4 5 3 8 10 8 10 55 96 78 79 94 100 74 49 24 1 1 0 710
324 Electricity: Measuring and Testing 100 18 21 20 37 38 26 35 37 27 38 38 34 33 24 26 26 32 41 22 9 0 682
359 Optics: Systems and Elements 85 8 8 16 13 25 20 22 24 16 27 32 40 35 59 33 63 42 48 34 4 0 654
436 Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing 120 14 11 10 11 15 13 17 24 26 38 32 40 39 42 50 55 52 24 10 1 0 644
356 Optics: Measuring and Testing 86 10 14 14 18 27 18 7 20 14 21 31 37 46 41 61 50 58 43 18 4 0 638
257 Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes) 51 8 5 6 19 25 22 17 31 27 34 37 34 31 30 38 45 49 42 39 9 0 599
428 Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles 48 9 9 10 12 12 18 9 15 22 35 37 36 51 43 46 53 37 48 30 6 0 586
438 Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process 51 7 9 15 15 16 16 15 14 22 26 31 32 34 27 40 51 61 59 40 5 0 586
204 Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy 82 6 7 17 14 28 27 22 26 28 22 29 38 22 20 32 35 32 16 2 1 0 506
372 Coherent Light Generators 71 11 9 11 21 25 19 22 28 20 24 34 26 23 27 24 36 28 26 11 0 0 496
427 Coating Processes 35 4 9 17 14 21 27 13 23 25 31 41 25 33 26 52 33 30 19 11 1 0 490
606 Surgery (instruments) 51 9 9 11 10 18 14 13 17 21 30 31 27 44 26 33 35 40 20 4 0 0 463
210 Liquid Purification or Separation 89 10 5 8 13 21 21 23 27 23 21 27 20 27 25 15 20 23 20 8 0 0 446
604 Surgery (Medicators and Receptors) 71 8 16 18 14 17 24 25 27 20 20 35 19 20 22 20 23 22 6 10 1 0 438
385 Optical Waveguides 39 6 7 9 11 7 6 8 9 9 10 16 19 19 22 36 32 60 53 19 6 1 404
382 Image Analysis 10 4 5 10 7 4 14 15 17 13 24 29 35 33 44 41 41 29 14 7 0 0 396
423 Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds 81 6 4 5 11 12 16 17 10 17 20 22 18 12 21 25 28 33 25 6 1 0 390
426 Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products 98 2 6 4 11 8 22 10 19 19 22 24 10 19 18 26 16 7 9 3 0 0 353
378 X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices 73 1 9 9 8 11 8 17 10 14 14 18 14 17 15 12 15 19 22 14 2 0 322
422 Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing 42 4 2 10 7 9 8 12 11 14 9 21 18 18 20 32 29 26 14 2 0 0 308
264 Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes 42 5 9 7 10 13 18 13 13 11 13 10 16 18 33 16 19 17 10 6 0 0 299
623 Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor 60 8 10 5 11 15 6 11 9 10 12 11 21 15 10 20 24 15 7 2 0 0 282
702 DP: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing (Data Processing) 10 4 7 5 8 3 9 12 8 7 10 15 11 14 10 14 46 29 25 16 2 0 265
205 Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions 47 5 5 7 9 8 10 8 15 16 5 12 10 26 20 14 18 14 6 3 1 0 259
607 Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application 41 8 8 7 6 7 8 10 6 10 7 9 15 17 18 18 25 19 11 3 0 0 253
429 Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process 33 1 1 8 1 1 2 5 8 9 10 12 10 13 19 26 15 33 17 2 2 0 228
345 Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems 23 0 2 1 5 3 6 5 11 10 10 16 16 19 26 17 15 15 14 2 0 0 216
252 Compositions 30 2 4 2 6 9 11 4 12 10 11 11 19 9 16 10 11 15 12 8 0 0 212
310 Electrical Generator or Motor Structure 47 5 2 5 4 7 9 5 6 6 6 10 10 15 13 12 7 23 8 10 0 0 210
502 Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making 23 7 3 3 6 4 11 5 12 10 17 10 10 12 16 12 16 13 10 6 2 0 208
505 Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process 0 0 0 14 26 19 20 21 21 16 14 10 8 10 5 6 5 5 6 2 0 0 208
430 Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof 17 4 1 1 4 8 0 2 10 2 8 11 16 10 5 14 17 22 11 3 4 0 170
219 Electric Heating 21 1 5 4 2 10 5 3 6 6 13 6 7 9 10 11 7 18 9 13 0 0 166
700 DP: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications (Data Processing) 11 1 1 3 6 7 5 6 3 11 7 15 19 5 10 8 12 9 7 7 1 0 154
117 Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor 28 2 3 9 7 5 5 5 9 4 7 16 3 6 5 5 8 12 9 3 0 0 151
148 Metal Treatment 26 2 0 3 2 3 4 10 4 10 10 11 4 10 4 9 8 13 9 0 0 0 142
342 Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation) 21 1 0 2 2 4 6 3 4 9 9 13 12 10 7 7 4 6 10 11 0 0 141
375 Pulse or Digital Communications 12 0 0 3 3 6 7 5 9 9 9 9 5 3 16 14 24 6 0 0 1 0 141
365 Static Information Storage and Retrieval 42 3 5 6 5 2 5 6 9 4 7 7 3 2 6 7 8 5 5 3 0 0 140
062 Refrigeration 26 2 3 4 5 5 4 4 6 6 7 5 8 5 8 4 5 7 12 8 1 0 135
348 Television 17 1 4 5 3 8 9 2 10 4 8 3 11 7 13 5 8 5 1 0 0 0 124
370 Multiplex Communications 10 2 2 3 3 1 1 7 3 12 8 3 8 9 17 11 11 6 3 4 0 0 124
333 Wave Transmission Lines and Networks 37 1 2 2 2 2 5 7 4 1 4 6 4 10 3 1 5 7 11 7 0 0 121
501 Compositions: Ceramic 11 4 3 6 7 7 7 10 4 5 8 6 6 5 9 3 10 4 2 0 0 0 117
216 Etching a Substrate: Processes 3 1 1 6 4 4 5 2 5 6 7 8 8 14 7 9 11 5 10 0 0 0 116
504 Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions 16 2 4 5 5 3 9 6 6 5 6 5 5 7 3 6 8 9 3 3 0 0 116
343 Communications: Radio Wave Antennas 28 0 0 2 1 1 1 5 9 4 3 4 5 5 2 6 14 7 7 10 0 0 114
136 Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric 46 0 1 0 3 1 0 1 0 5 6 6 3 3 8 7 8 7 7 0 0 0 112
209 Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids 38 2 5 3 7 4 7 6 3 3 1 3 6 3 5 9 1 1 4 1 0 0 112
313 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices 13 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 4 6 6 11 17 9 6 15 9 4 3 1 0 111
075 Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures 26 4 2 4 4 0 7 3 8 2 6 8 4 5 3 5 6 4 5 1 1 0 108
060 Power Plants 18 2 0 3 1 1 0 4 6 3 6 9 4 3 11 10 5 7 6 5 1 0 105
315 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems 26 0 4 1 2 4 1 0 2 6 10 6 7 3 3 5 2 8 7 7 1 0 105
318 Electricity: Motive Power Systems 18 1 3 3 1 5 6 5 6 10 10 7 6 3 1 4 6 3 5 2 0 0 105
341 Coded Data Generation or Conversion 10 0 2 4 6 1 3 4 5 6 5 3 4 10 4 9 8 9 5 5 2 0 105
398 Optical Communications 14 0 0 2 0 4 2 0 4 2 4 5 8 8 5 14 8 20 4 1 0 0 105
708 Arithmetic Processing and Calculating (Electrical Computers) 34 3 3 2 5 6 8 3 8 4 7 3 4 3 4 3 1 2 2 0 0 0 105
363 Electric Power Conversion Systems 20 0 2 2 3 2 2 4 4 3 6 4 4 2 4 3 10 8 11 8 1 0 103
327 Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems 21 1 1 2 1 2 6 4 8 4 2 4 1 3 3 4 6 3 8 12 1 0 97
340 Communications: Electrical 19 1 4 1 3 1 3 4 2 5 2 5 6 4 8 6 8 2 7 6 0 0 97
029 Metal Working 11 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 5 5 7 4 9 5 7 7 9 7 2 1 0 0 94
434 Education and Demonstration 24 1 0 3 1 1 1 0 3 2 4 0 12 7 4 5 13 7 2 4 0 0 94
707 DP: Database and File Management or Data Structures (Data Processing) 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 2 6 6 10 10 15 9 11 8 5 3 0 0 92
095 Gas Separation: Processes 14 2 1 2 2 2 5 5 8 3 2 1 3 6 6 5 6 8 5 3 0 0 89
106 Compositions: Coating or Plastic 14 3 0 1 1 0 1 3 3 6 7 7 7 5 4 6 3 8 6 4 0 0 89
361 Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices 14 0 0 3 2 2 3 1 7 6 8 2 8 4 2 6 8 6 4 3 0 0 89
704 DP: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression (Data Processing) 11 0 0 1 3 3 0 5 3 3 7 11 9 6 9 9 4 2 1 1 0 0 88
351 Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting 11 2 4 4 3 2 3 1 3 4 1 1 5 2 8 9 6 6 8 3 0 0 86
119 Animal Husbandry 16 4 5 3 7 2 4 1 3 5 2 2 2 6 4 5 2 4 6 1 1 0 85
585 Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds 12 2 1 4 4 0 1 7 4 5 6 7 5 1 6 5 10 2 1 2 0 0 85
706 DP: Artificial Intelligence (Data Processing) 2 0 0 2 4 3 7 3 7 8 6 7 5 4 6 6 5 6 3 0 1 0 85
052 Static Structures (e.g., Buildings) 13 1 1 2 1 2 1 5 3 2 4 4 8 9 3 5 5 10 4 0 0 0 83
367 Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices 17 0 2 1 3 2 2 7 7 3 2 2 9 5 3 4 5 1 4 3 0 0 82
701 DP: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative Location (Data Processing) 2 0 0 2 2 1 3 3 0 6 3 7 4 7 5 6 3 13 7 3 2 1 80
712 Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing, e.g., Processors (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 6 1 4 2 6 2 4 2 2 7 7 4 3 7 7 4 6 2 4 0 0 0 80
703 DP: Structural Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Emulation (Data Processing) 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 4 5 5 4 3 3 9 14 13 8 4 0 0 0 0 76
433 Dentistry 16 3 2 6 5 2 1 1 2 2 4 4 2 4 5 6 5 2 2 1 0 0 75
714 Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery 9 2 0 3 2 4 5 3 4 3 3 6 5 5 3 6 5 5 0 0 0 0 73
156 Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture 7 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 3 1 11 7 6 7 2 6 2 3 2 1 0 0 72
374 Thermal Measuring and Testing 17 1 1 2 4 3 3 2 3 3 2 4 1 4 3 6 1 6 0 4 1 0 71
417 Pumps 14 2 2 2 0 5 2 1 2 4 1 1 5 1 3 6 6 6 4 1 0 0 68
118 Coating Apparatus 15 1 3 0 1 1 3 1 3 2 3 2 7 4 5 2 8 3 3 0 0 0 67
123 Internal-Combustion Engines 16 2 3 1 3 4 2 5 0 3 3 2 6 2 1 1 0 5 6 2 0 0 67
165 Heat Exchange 12 1 1 1 5 5 4 2 4 1 2 2 4 2 0 3 6 3 5 2 0 0 65
335 Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets 4 2 1 0 1 2 3 3 4 4 7 3 8 1 2 2 5 5 6 2 0 0 65
349 Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems 3 1 1 1 0 3 3 2 4 5 6 6 4 7 5 4 2 3 2 3 0 0 65
047 Plant Husbandry 22 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 2 2 5 4 4 5 3 2 3 5 2 0 0 0 64
405 Hydraulic and Earth Engineering 10 1 2 3 0 0 2 3 5 2 3 4 3 2 6 3 2 6 4 2 0 0 63
455 Telecommunications 11 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 3 7 5 4 2 3 6 7 6 3 1 0 0 62
137 Fluid Handling 21 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 5 2 3 4 5 8 3 2 0 0 61
381 Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices 17 1 0 1 4 2 2 1 0 3 3 3 3 6 7 2 2 3 0 1 0 0 61
326 Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry 5 0 0 3 1 1 1 2 1 4 2 3 1 3 3 5 4 5 9 5 2 0 60
419 Powder Metallurgy Processes 6 0 1 0 3 1 4 3 3 5 5 5 3 3 4 3 6 3 2 0 0 0 60
709 Multicomputer Data Transferring (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 2 0 2 0 4 0 2 1 0 3 3 1 6 5 8 4 8 6 1 1 1 0 58
074 Machine Element or Mechanism 18 1 1 1 2 2 4 3 3 2 2 5 4 0 2 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 55
244 Aeronautics and Astronautics 14 0 0 1 0 3 1 3 3 1 3 1 1 3 6 2 3 2 6 1 0 0 54
056 Harvesters 43 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 53
601 Surgery: Kinesitherapy 6 0 0 3 4 2 2 0 0 2 5 7 2 2 4 3 2 3 4 2 0 0 53
162 Paper Making and Fiber Liberation 5 0 2 0 2 1 3 1 1 4 3 3 1 7 2 4 7 3 2 0 0 0 51
239 Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing 6 4 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 3 6 3 10 3 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 49
711 Memory (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 9 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 3 1 4 3 1 4 3 2 4 3 2 1 3 0 49
330 Amplifiers 11 1 3 0 0 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 0 0 1 0 1 4 4 4 4 0 48
376 Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements 10 0 1 0 0 1 3 1 0 5 1 2 3 5 4 2 1 3 4 2 0 0 48
044 Fuel and Related Compositions 10 3 3 0 3 2 3 1 0 1 3 5 1 5 1 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 46
331 Oscillators 15 0 0 0 2 2 3 1 1 0 1 4 1 2 0 2 2 2 3 5 0 0 46
716 DP: Design and Analysis of Circuit or Semiconductor Mask (Data Processing) 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 3 1 2 4 2 2 6 5 3 11 0 0 0 45
084 Music 12 1 0 0 1 2 2 0 1 4 6 2 3 4 3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 44
134 Cleaning and Liquid Contact with Solids 12 0 0 2 2 0 2 0 2 1 0 4 5 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 0 0 43
180 Motor Vehicles 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 5 2 4 4 5 2 2 0 3 2 0 0 42
164 Metal Founding 11 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 1 3 2 3 1 5 1 4 2 1 1 0 0 40
166 Wells (shafts or deep borings in the earth, e.g., for oil and gas) 13 0 1 1 0 2 2 0 2 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 5 2 2 2 0 0 38
280 Land Vehicles 17 0 2 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 5 0 0 1 2 4 0 1 0 0 0 38
307 Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems 13 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 4 2 0 1 4 3 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 38
065 Glass Manufacturing 7 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 3 2 2 3 1 0 0 36
096 Gas Separation: Apparatus 13 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 0 35
414 Material or Article Handling 14 1 2 2 1 3 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 35
431 Combustion 4 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 3 2 0 3 4 1 4 5 1 3 1 0 0 35
034 Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact with Solids 5 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 1 0 2 1 3 4 2 2 4 1 2 1 0 0 34
043 Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 0 1 3 5 8 3 0 0 34
127 Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates 13 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 4 3 2 3 0 1 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 34
228 Metal Fusion Bonding 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 3 3 3 2 1 2 0 3 2 6 3 0 0 0 34
516 Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents, Subcombinations Thereof, Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting 3 0 1 1 1 3 0 1 0 1 2 6 3 1 4 2 3 2 0 0 0 0 34
126 Stoves and Furnaces 26 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33
208 Mineral Oils: Processes and Products 14 2 1 0 1 0 0 2 3 2 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 33
369 Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 4 1 1 2 4 2 7 0 3 3 2 0 0 0 0 33
588 Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 2 4 2 4 2 4 1 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 33
174 Electricity: Conductors and Insulators 6 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 2 1 4 2 3 0 2 1 2 3 0 0 0 32
360 Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval 13 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 0 0 0 32
451 Abrading 5 0 2 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 3 3 3 5 0 2 2 0 2 1 0 0 32
602 Surgery: Splint, Brace, or Bandage 12 1 1 2 0 2 1 2 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 32
713 Support (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 3 3 1 3 3 4 2 4 0 2 1 0 0 32