Manual of U.S. Patent Classification
as of June 30, 2000

Class
D23
ENVIRONMENTAL HEATING AND COOLING; FLUID HANDLING AND SANITARY EQUIPMENT

Class definitions may be accessed by clicking on the class title, above.
Subclass definitions may be accessed by clicking on the subclass number, below.

Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by clicking on the " " icon following the subclass number, below.

( please note that links to definitions and classified patents may not be available for some classes and subclasses )

For search strategies, please refer to the Classification Index Explanation of Data web page.

Subclass		Title
ClassTitle		===> ENVIRONMENTAL HEATING AND COOLING; FLUID HANDLING AND SANITARY EQUIPMENT
		EXCLUDED FROM THIS CLASS ARE:
		Baby dressing table combined with bathing unit; see D6-382.
		Caps for automobile gas tanks or radiators; see D12-197+.
		Defrosting tool; see D8-29.2.
		Drinking fountain; see D7-304.
		Fire extinguisher; see D29-125+.
		Fireplace brush; see D4-3+.
		Fireplace poker; see D8-14.
		Fireplace shovel; see D8-7+.
		Fireplace tongs; see D8-51+.
		Firestarter or igniter; see D7-416+.
		Fuel carrying can; see D9-523+.
		Haircurling iron; see D28-38.
		Hair dryers; see D28-12+.
		Hand or face drier; see D28-54.1.
		Heating devices for laboratory, industrial, or scientific use; see D15-144+.
		Hydrotherapy unit; see D24-201+.
		Incense burner; see D11-131.1.
		Incinerator; see D34-1.1.
		Medical collection basin or bedpan; see D24-123.
		Medical treatment vaporizer or inhaler; see D24-110.
		Miscellaneous bathroom accessories, e.g., holders, racks, shelves, etc.; see D6-524+.
		Mobile agricultural sprayer; see D15-13.
		Mobile material distributor or sprayer; see D15-13.
		Nozzles for soap dispensers and soda fountains; see D6-542+ and D7-397+ respectively.
		Plant waterer or root feeder; see D8-1.
		Pressure regulating instrument; see D10-49.
		Pump dispenser for disposable package; see D9-300, 448.
		Pump or fuel supply unit or casing for oil burner; search D15-7+.
		Safety grab bar attachment for toilet, tub, etc. ; see D8-315+.
		Scuba regulator; see D24-110.6.
		Seat lifter handle; see D8-307.
		Sink cabinet or "vanity" per se; see D6-432+.
		Skylight; see D25-52.
		Solar energy convertors; see D13-102.
		Solar oven or solar operated food heater; see D7-323+.
		Soldering irons per se; see D8.
		Solid fuel; see D13-100.
		Solid fuel burning cooking ranges combined with incidental heating features; see D7.
		Tap or valve for beverage dispenser; see D7-398.
		Tire valve; see D12-153.
		Valve or regulator for under water breathing apparatus; see D24-110.5.
		Water pressure cleaner or sweeper; see D32-15+.
200		FLUID HANDLING OR TREATMENT EQUIPMENT (1)
201		. Fountain
202		. Storage tank
203		. . Underground type (e.g., septic tank, etc.)
204		. . Substantially spherical
205		. . Cylindrical
206		. . Element or attachment (2)
207		. Treatment
208		. . Sanitary fixture type (e.g., deodorant holder, chemical dispenser, etc.)
209		. . Filter or strainer (3)
210		. . . Immersion type (e.g., aquarium filter, etc.)
211		. Lubricating can
212		. Watering can (4)
213		. Dispersal (i.e., sprayer, fogger, nozzle, aerator, etc.) (5)
214		. . Sprinkler for lawn, agricultural irrigation or fire extinguishing (6)
215		. . . Simulative
216		. . . Oscillating
217		. . . With surface penetration means
218		. . . Recessed type
219		. . . Tracking type (i.e., sprinkler follows hose, etc.)
220		. . . Plural rotating arms
221		. . . Base
222		. . Simulative
223		. . Hand held or controlled type
224		. . . Direct piston or plunger actuation (i.e., without trigger or lever)
225		. . . With material container (7)
226		. . . Trigger, lever or button actuation
227		. . . . Cover or guard
228		. . Combined
229		. . Provision for adjustment of spray pattern or flow
230		. . Ball and socket joint for adjustment
231		. Hand or foot operated pump or well curb
232		. . Reciprocating lever actuated
233		. Valve or body therefor
234		. . Hydrant
235		. . Pressure regulating or relieving
236		. . Ballcock or float type
237		. . Check
238		. . Faucet fixture (8)
239		. . . Combined (e.g., with dishwashing brush, support therefor, etc.)
240		. . . . With soap dish or with provision therefor
241		. . . Plural flow controls or provision therefor
242		. . . . Distinct (i.e., when mounted, controls and spout are separated)
243		. . . . Pivoting spout
244		. . Gate or butterfly type
245		. . Manual or visible mechanical control or with provision therefor (e.g., handle, lever, etc.)
246		. . . With gauge or dial (9)
247		. . Symmetrical on two or more axes
248		. . Symmetrical on one axis
249		. . Element or attachment
250		. . . Handle
251		. . . . Simulative
252		. . . . Offset from axis
253		. . . . Rim connected to hub by spokes
254		. . . . With escutcheon
255		. . . Spout (10)
256		. . . . Simulative
257		. . . . With control for diverter or drain
258		. . . Float or check
259		. Fitting (11)
260		. . Cap, plug, vent or screen (12)
261		. . . Drain guard or strainer (13)
262		. . Coupling or joint
263		. . . Elbow or with flow direction change
264		. . . . Adjustable (e.g., swivel, etc.)
265		. . . Clamp or bolt engagement
266		. . Pipe, tubing or hose
267		. . Gutter
268		. . Trap
269		. . Gasket or packing
270		SANITARY FIXTURE OR HOUSING THEREFOR
271		. Combined (14)
272		. . Sink and stove or refrigerator
273		. . Sink, water closet and bathing unit
274		. . Sink and water closet or urinal
275		. . Bathtub and shower enclosure
276		. Sitz bath (15)
277		. Bathtub (16)
278		. . Infant type
279		. . With door or provision for external storage
280.1		. . Symmetrical (17)
280.2		. . . Having support handle
280.3		. . . Having antislip surface
280.4		. . . Footed
283		. Shower or shower receptor (18)
284		. Sink
285		. . Simulative, or with radiating striations
286		. . With cabinet or with provision for storage
287		. . With drainboard (i.e., adjacent recessed inclined surface)
288		. . Corner type
289		. . Shampoo type (e.g., with depression on rim for neck, etc.)
290		. . Plural
291		. . With integral spout or hooded overflow
292		. . Unitary singular support column
293.1		. . Symmetrical (17)
295		. Water closet, bidet or bowl therefor
296		. . Infant training type
297		. . . Simulative
298		. . Simulative
299		. . Self-contained (i.e., chemical or portable type)
300		. . Wall mounted
301		. . With water tank (19)
302		. Urinal (20)
303		. Element or attachment (21)
304		. . Bathtub or shower
305		. . . Surround, door or panel
306		. . . . Front
307		. . . Splash shield
308		. . Sink (22)
309		. . Water closet or urinal
310		. . . Deflector (23)
311		. . . Seat, or bowl cover (24)
312		. . . . Simulative
313		. . . Tank or tank cover
314		HEATING OR COOLING
315		. Sauna or steam bath type
316		. Liquid immersion type, e.g., aquarium, swimming pool, etc. (25)
317		. Mobile space heater, e.g., wheeled blower type, etc.
318		. Domestic water heater or boiler
319		. . Boiler
320		. . With door or access panel
321		. . With discharge valve or tap
322		. . Element
323		. . . Heat exchange unit, e.g., coil, etc.
324		. Vehicle heating or cooling
325		. . Air conditioning
326		. . Defroster
327		. . With adjustable louver or door
328		. Combined heating and cooling or with diverse element
329		. Furnace
330		. Radiator, e.g., spaced enclosed heat exchangers
331		. . Plant life or scroll type ornamentation
332		. Portable
333		. . Air conditioner
334		. . Animal or agricultural heater
335		. . Heating element protected by grille, grid,etc.
336		. . . Circular or cylindrical housing
337		. . . Pedestal or pivoting head mount
338		. . . Liquid fuel type, e.g., kerosene, etc.
339		. . . Gas fired type
340		. . . Quartz type
341		. . Element
342		. Stabile space heater
343		. . Fireplace or solid fuel heating stove (26)
344		. . . Fireplace insert
345		. . . Masonry or tile-like surround, e.g., architectural type fireplace
346		. . . Ornate cast iron type (27)
347		. . . . Element therefor, e.g., stove plate, etc.
348		. . . Circular horizontal cross section
349		. . . Simulative
350		. . . Symmetrical front
351		. Air conditioner (28)
352		. . Circular housing
353		. . Window mount type
354		. . Element, e.g., front panel, etc.
355		. Air treatment
356		. . Humidifier
357		. . . Wall or furnace mount
358		. . . Element
359		. . Dehumidifier
360		. . Vaporizer
361		. . . Wall mount
362		. . . Circular container
363		. . . Element
364		. . Air cleaner
365		. . . Filter
366		. . Deodorizer or ozonizer (32)
367		. . . Simulative
368		. . . With distinct hanger or suction cup
369		. . . Activated by moveable cover or by piercing
370		. . Fan or ventilator
371		. . . Exhaust type
372		. . . . Range or oven
373		. . . . Roof or chimney
374		. . . . . Chimney
375		. . . . . Wind rotated, e.g., turbine type, etc.
376		. . . . . Circular hood
377		. . . Blade unit rotates on vertical axis
378		. . . Floor type on vertically elongated stand
379		. . . With exposed blade
380		. . . Plural impeller units, e.g., side by side, etc.
381		. . . Wire protective grille
382		. . . . Circular grille
383		. . . Blower
384		. . . Bellows
385		. . Wall or ceiling mount (25)
386		. Element or attachment, not elsewhere specified
387		. . Flow director (29)
388		. . . Register or diffuser
389		. . . . Baseboard type
390		. . . . Circular
391		. . . . Arched or curved top
392		. . . . Adjustable louver or damper
393		. . . Vent, ductwork, or element thereof
394		. . . . Stovepipe
395		. . Radiator cover or cabinet
396		. . Stoker
397		. . Grate
398		. . . Fireplace type (30)
399		. . . . Hollow tube circulator with blower unit
400		. . . . Perforated or expanded metal
401		. . . . Enclosed four sides
402		. . . Stove or furnace type
403		. . Fireplace element not elsewhere specified
404		. . . Mantle or frame for opening
405		. . . Lining or enclosure for opening (31)
406		. . . . Screen
407		. . . Andiron or fire dog
408		. . . . Simulative
409		. . . Artificial log burner element
410		. . Coal scuttle or wood holder
411		. . Fan element
412		. . . Fan guard
413		. . . Fan or ventilator blade
414		. . . . With circumferential band
415		. . Burner or heater coil
416		. . . Oil type
417		. . . Electric
418		. . . Element
419		. . . . Radiant
420		. . Ash pan or sifter
421		. . Valve or control
422		. . Fire brick
499		MISCELLANEOUS
		SEARCH NOTES FOR CLASS D23
		(1) For sanitary fixture such as tub, shower, sink, etc., see subclasses 270+.
		(2) For cap or plug, see subclass 260. For underwater breathing apparatus, valves, or regulators, see D24-110.5+.
		(3) For filter disclosed as part of a faucet, see subclasses 238+ For aerator, see sbclass 213.
		(4) For battery water dispenser, see subclass 200.
		(5) For aerator disclosed as part of a faucet, see subclasses 238+. For shower head disclosed with shower unit structure, see subclass 283.
		(6) For hose nozzle or hand held sprayer, see subclasses 223+. For time or control, see subclass 245.
		(7) Container must be shown in full or in broken lines.
		(8) If disclosed with sink, classified in subclasses 284+.
		(9) For gauge or dial, per se, see Class D10.
		(10) Includes spout with provision for diverter control. If provision is made for flow control handle, patent is classified as faucet in subclasses 238+.
		(11) Includes overflow fitting.
		(12) Includes sink stopper.
		(13) Includes urinal screen.
		(14) For faucet combined with sink and/or cabinet, see subclasses 284+.
		(15) For bidet, see subclass 295.
		(16) For front panel or sub-assembly, see subclasses 304+.
		(17) Exclusive of drain or overflow opening.
		(18) For bathtub surround, see subclass 305. For shower head, per se, or with associated plumbing only (such as valve), see subclass 213.
		(19) For tank, per se, see subclass 313.
		(20) For water closet attachment type, see subclass 310.
		(21) Includes leg or support For overflow fitting, see subclass 261 For drain stopper or screen see, respectively, subclasses 260 and 261.
		(22) For drain stopper or screen see, respectively, subclasses 260 and 261.
		(23) For drain screen, see subclass 261.
		(24) For infant training seat, see subclass 296. For seat lifter handle, see D8-307.
		(25) Includes element.
		(26) Stoves with upper and lower doors, e.g., for fuel supply and ash removal are included in this subclass.
		(27) Highly surface ornamented parlor or Franklin-type stoves of the late 19th and early 20th century variety. Ornamentation usually formed as part of the casting.
		(28) Includes cooling tower.
		(29) See air conditioner element, subclass 354 for additional flow director panels.
		(30) Search subclass 405 for grate combined with interior lining.
		(31) Decorative panel for season use.
		(32) Includes all air freshener articles.

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Last Modified: 6 October 2000