This class includes:
Apparatus or means relating to the type of amusement, recreational, or play activities commonly known as games or sports (a) in which one or more players or participants use a ball, missile, stream of water, or any other such body which occupies physical space and can be touched and thereby felt by the one or more players or participants (i.e., a tangible body) such that, during play of a game or sport, the ball, missile, or other such tangible body is thrown, rolled, shoved, impelled, propelled, projected, or otherwise put into motion by a nonexplosive force so as to achieve an objective set forth by rules defined for the particular game or sport and (b) wherein the result of playing such a game or sport can be indicated according to rules defined for the particular game or sport;
Devices which are ancillary or appurtenant to the types of games or sports included herein, unless they are provided for elsewhere.
(1) Note. The ball, missile, or other such tangible body is (a) usually initially put into motion by an external force supplied either by a player of the game or sport or by other nonexplosive means (e.g., by a mechanically operated device, etc.) and (b) usually continues in motion under its own inertia (in the absence of intervention or interception by another external force or by a body) after having been put into motion. However, a self-propelled ball, missile, or other such tangible body may be included herein provided it is intended to be used in the play of a game or sport.
(2) Note. In regard to devices or implements for striking, impelling, launching, or, otherwise, projecting a game projectile, the following applies: (a) Any projector device or implement which is combined with any other device, apparatus, or component used for a game or sporting purpose is included herein, (b) a striking type of projector implement which is used for a game or sporting purpose (such as a club, bat, racket, paddle, mallet, stick, etc.) and which is carried by (e.g., handheld) and manually manipulated by a user to strike and thereby project a game projectile such that substantially all of the force used to project the projectile is supplied by the user is, per se, included herein, (c) a throwing or flinging type of implement or device which is used for a game or sporting purpose and which is specifically adapted and intended to be used to both project a game projectile and to catch a game projectile after it has been projected (i.e., a combined projector-catcher device) is, per se, included herein, and
(d) any projector device or implement (other than one which is operated by explosive means) which is used for a game or sporting purpose and which is specifically adapted and intended to project a game projectile so that it travels upon a playing surface substantially at all times (i.e., the projectile is in contact with and moving over the playing surface either upon or immediately after projection) is, per se, included herein. Centrifugally or mechanically operated device or implement, per se, for projecting a projectile into the air, which device or implement may be used to project a game projectile is located elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below.
(3) Note. Although not generally used during the play of the types of games or sports included herein, devices or implements which are used by a player to practice or train for one of the types of games or sports included herein are provided for in Class 473. Since such practice and training devices or implements are designed to enable a player to improve or perfect his or her physical skills (e.g., motor skills, coordination, etc.) in the playing of any aspect of the game or sport for which it was designed for, they are included in Class 473 on the basis that they are ancillary or appurtenant to the types of games or sports provided for herein.
(4) Note. A ball, marble, die, top, etc. which is intended to be used as a chance device alone or intended to be used as part of a chance device or game apparatus (e.g., a die used as a chance device to generate a random number, letter, etc., a marble used as part of a roulette-wheel apparatus, or a die used to generate a number, letter, etc. during play of a board game apparatus, etc.) is not considered to be a projectile proper for Class 473 and is, therefore, excluded. Likewise, a marble or the like used to operate a "Rube Goldberg'' type of device, which device being used to play a game (for example, used in the play of a board game) is not considered to be a projectile proper for Class 473 and is, therefore, excluded. An object (often a representation of a horse, vehicle, person, etc.) which is propelled during play of a propelled racing game is not considered to be a projectile proper for Class 473 and is, therefore, excluded.

LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
This class is specific under Class 463, Amusement Devices: Games, which, in turn, is specific under Class 472, Amusement Devices.
Class 273, Amusement Devices: Games, is currently being reclassified through a series of stages. Upon completion of this reclassification, Class 273 will be abolished and replaced either by Class 473 or by Class 463, Amusement Devices: Games. Until this reclassification is completed, the portions of Class 273 which are relevant to Class 473 are to be considered an integral part of Class 473. Specifically, subclasses 108+ and 317+ of the Class 273
schedule are to be considered as following in hierarchy after the last occurring subclass in the Class 473 schedule. The rest of the subclasses of the Class 273 schedule are, for the most part, to be considered as following in hierarchy after the last occurring subclass in the Class 463 schedule. Also, since Class 273 has not been completely screened for all patents properly classifiable in present subclasses of Class 473, appropriate subclass(es) in Class 273 should be considered for search purposes until such time that Class 273 is finally abolished.
LINE WITH CLASS 463
The relationship between Class 473 and Class 463 is that Class 463 is the residual class for games, while Class 473 provides only for those specific types of games in which a ball, missile, or other such tangible projectile (other than a simulation or representation thereof) is used during play thereof. Accordingly, if a game (or a game component thereof) which uses a ball, missile, or other such tangible game projectile (other than a simulation or representation thereof) during play thereof is claimed or solely disclosed, then classification is in Class 473, otherwise, classification is in Class 463 or in the appropriate subclasses of Class 273, Amusement Devices: Games, which follow behind the subclasses of Class 463. However, note that Class 463 provides for (a) a game apparatus or means which uses a simulation or representation of a tangible projectile (e.g., a light-ray simulation of a projectile, a computer generated representation of a projectile, etc.), (b) a propelled racing game in which an object (often a representation of a horse, vehicle, person, etc.) is propelled during play thereof, and (c) a chance device, either per se or in combination with a game which does not use a tangible projectile, whether or not a projectile is included therein, and even if it is not a game or subcombination element of a game (these are, for the most part, still located in Class 273). See also (4) Note above for further elaboration of exceptions to what is provided for in Class 473.
LINE WITH CLASS 345
See Class 463, Amusement Devices: Games, References to Other Classes, in the Search Class note to Class 345 for an elaboration of the line between Class 345 and Class 463, the parent class for Class 473. A selectively controlled visual display system combined with a game component of a game provided for in Class 473 (e.g., a golf club, golf ball, tennis court, tennis court net, etc.) or with a practice or training device therefor (e.g., a golf club swing training device, baseball bat swing training device, etc.) is proper for Class 473.
LINE WITH CLASS 434
Class 473 and subclasses 108+ and 317+ of Class 273,
Amusement Devices: Games, contain devices which are to be used for practice by, or for perfecting the physical skill of, a person who already knows how to play the game, sport, or the like. Class 434 contains devices which are to be used for instructing an unknowledgeable person in some aspect of the game, sport, or the like. A device which is used both for instruction and for practice or perfection of game skills is originally placed into Class 434 and cross-referenced into the Class 463 group of game classes (i.e., Classes 463, 473, or 273).
LINE WITH CLASS 446
Class 446, Amusement Devices: Toys, for a device known as a toy whose principle purpose is for the amusement or recreation of a child. If the device is used for the amusement or recreation of a child and is also a game component (i.e., used in a competition or contest), then it is placed into the Class 463 group of game classes (i.e., Classes 463, 473, or 273).

REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
2, Apparel, 2 for protective clothing to be worn by athletes such as a football helmet, a baseball or boxing glove, a knee pad, etc.
42, Firearms, for a projecting device which uses an explosive means to provide the projecting force.
89, Ordnance, for a projecting device which uses an explosive means to provide the projecting force.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 501 for an explosively propelled projectile.
116, Signals and Indicators, subclasses 222-225 for a mechanical signal or indicator, per se, which is intended to form part of or to be used with a game device.
124, Mechanical Guns and Projectors, for a mechanically or centrifugally operated projector device or implement, per se, which is used to project a projectile into or through the air as, for example, an archery bow, a slingshot, a baseball pitching machine, a tennis ball throwing machine, a clay pigeon throwing trap, or a fluid pressure, pinch, or centrifugally operated (e.g., a sling, etc.) type of projector device, etc.; and see the (2) Note above.
150, Purses, Wallets, and Protective Covers, 154 for a protective cover made of flaccid material, especially subclass 163 for a flaccid cover for a racquet.
194, Check-Actuated Control Mechanisms, for a game or chance device involving a recited detail of a coin-controlled
mechanism.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, for an electrical switch, per se, especially 61.1 for a switch responsive to the action of a game or amusement piece, Digest 2 for a body attached switch, Digest 3 for a coin operated switch, and Digest 23 for a game switch.
206, Special Receptacle or Package, 315.1 for a container for, or a package for containing, a sport implement, exercise device, or game, especially subclasses 315.9+ for such a container or package for a ball (e.g., for a bowling ball, etc.).
221, Article Dispensing, for an article dispenser, per se, such as might be used for or included as a subcombination of a game or chance device.
235, Registers, for a register, per se, intended for use in a game, particularly subclass 1 for a miscellaneous game counter, subclass 61 for an odds computer, subclass 78 for a game calculator having concentric totalizing disks mounted upon a single axis, subclass 88 for a game calculator having tabular indicia placed upon disks which rotate about their centers, subclass 90 for a cribbage board, subclass 91 for a device for operating a register involving a billiards or pool game device, and subclasses 439+ for a coded record sensor structure (e.g., a bar code reader, etc.).
273, Amusement Devices: Games, 108 for a surface projectile game, a game component (e.g., a target, etc.) or accessory therefor other than a projectile per se, subclasses 317+ for an aerial projectile game, a game component (e.g., a target, etc.) or accessory therefor other than a projector or projectile per se, subclasses 236+ for a board game, a game piece or board therefor, subclasses 138.1+ for a chance device, whether or not a projectile is included therein, and even if it is not a game or subcombination element of a game, subclasses 292+ for a card or tile game, a card or tile therefor, subclasses 153+ for a puzzle, and subclass 161 for a fortune-telling device. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, above, for the line with Class 473.)
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 323 for a game-reporting (e.g., scoreboard, indicator, etc.) electric signaling system per se, subclass 825.19 for communication or control for the handicapped, subclasses 825.3+ for intelligence comparison such as used for authorization, access, identification, credit, etc., and other appropriate subclasses for audible, visual, or tactile communication.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, for a selectively controlled visual display system which may either form part of a game or not be limited to a game. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, above.)
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 4 for a counter or register, per se, which is adapted to be controlled to accumulate a total involved in betting on the various possibilities involved in an event or to determine the odds involved in the payoff of the various possibilities and subclass 5 for a counter or register, per se, which is intended to be used with, in, or for a game or sport.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, particularly 17 and 71 for pavement and road structure which may be usable for a game surface.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, for stock material in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet which may be used in the fabrication of products provided for in Class 473.
434, Education and Demonstration, particularly 11 for teaching or demonstration of an aspect of an organized armed or unarmed conflict or shooting, subclasses 29+ for a vehicle simulator for instruction or demonstration purposes, subclasses 247+ for a means specifically adapted to teach or instruct a person in some aspect of a game or sport which involves physical activity. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, above, for the line between Class 434 and the Amusement Devices classes.)
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, for a device known as a toy whose principle purpose is for the amusement or recreation of a child. (See Lines With Other Classes, and Within This Class, above, for the line between Class 446 and the Amusement Device classes.)
463, Amusement Devices: Games, for a game apparatus or means, in general. (See Lines With Other Classes, and Within This Class, above, for the line between Class 463 and Class 473.)
472, Amusement Devices, 92 (a) for the structure or composition of a playing surface, per se (b) for the structure or composition of a peripheral boundary marking or enclosure, per se, of such a playing surface, or (c) for the combination of only a playing surface and a peripheral boundary marking or enclosure therefor, all of the above of which are limited to use for an athletic or exhibition event such as, for example, the playing of a game or sport thereon or therein. Also see the Search Notes appended thereto.
602, Surgery: Splint, Brace, or Bandage, for an orthopedic bandage used to treat an injured body portion such as to provide protection, support, or splinting of a strained, sprained, dislocated, deformed, or fractured body portion, particularly 5 for a brace intended to urge a body portion into a natural or normal orientation, subclasses 20+ for a brace applied to a person's arm, wrist, or hand to treat a bone disorder or the muscles associated therewith, subclasses
23+ for a brace applied to a person's leg, ankle, or foot to treat a bone disorder or the muscles associated therewith, and subclasses 41+ for a bandaging device for treating an injured body portion, even though specially adapted for use in supporting the injured body or body member of a person so as to function in a proper manner during play of a game.
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications, subclasses 91-93 for data processing or computation, per se, for the purpose of analyzing monitoring, or scoring a contest or game, which is not classifiable elsewhere.

BILLIARDS OR POOL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to a game which generally involves a horizontally disposed, planar playing surface bounded and defined by raised carom rails (i.e., bumper rails) for confining on the playing surface a plurality of balls which are being projected over the playing surface either into one another or rebounded off of the carom rails; the playing surface either (a) is continuous and has a continuous carom rail rim so that it is devoid of any pockets or other ball receiving receptacles (i.e., a billiard playing surface) or (b) has one or more pockets or receptacles adapted to receive therein or pass therethrough one or more of the balls (i.e., a pool or pocketed playing surface); in playing the game, at least one ball, commonly known as the cue ball, acts as a secondary projecting device and is used to strike and move over the playing surface one or more of the other balls, commonly known as object balls, which act as targets for the cue ball, the cue ball is first forcibly struck by a player aiming and manipulating a first projecting device, commonly known as a cue or cue stick, so as to project the cue ball either directly into engagement with the one or more of the object balls or by first banking or rebounding it off of one or more of the carom rails and then into engagement with the one or more of the object balls so as to move and either position the object balls in a specified arrangement on the playing surface or to pocket them, whereby the player may achieve a score according to the rules specified for the game.
(1) Note. In a game of this type balls are usually used but it is to be understood that ball equivalents may be used in their stead provided that they act, other than the fact that they probably do not roll, in the same manner that balls would in playing the game. That is, the ball equivalents should move one another about over the playing surface and should carom or rebound off of one another or the carom rails
in the same manner as balls would.
(2) Note. Usually, the initial projecting device (i.e., the cue) used to strike the cue ball is a long, tapering, tipped rod or stick but other types of cues that may be used include a mechanically operated cue, a mallet type cue, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
235, Registers, for a score totalizing apparatus, per se, intended for use in a game, particularly subclass 91 for a device for operating a register involving a billiards or pool game device.

Practice device or device to aid in aiming cue or cue ball during shots (e.g., to assist in bank shots, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter comprising either (a) a means to enable a player to improve or perfect his or her skills in the playing of any aspect of the game, or (b) a means to assist a player in determining the proper alignment or position that the cue device must be in so that the cue ball projected thereby moves in the desired direction, or (c) a means to assist a player in calculating or otherwise determining the direction or angle that the cue ball must be projected in order for it to, in turn, project the desired object ball or balls in the desired direction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
42 for a device known as a cue rest or bridge. Although cue rests or bridges can somewhat be interpreted as assisting the player in aligning the cue during shots, they are not included here because their primary function is to aid in supporting the cue during difficult shots such as ones in which the player has difficulty in extending his or her cue supporting and guiding hand close enough to the cue ball to make a reasonably accurate shot. That is, cue rests or bridges do not primarily function to enable a player to determine the proper alignment or position of the cue or the proper direction or angle that a cue ball must be projected to achieve the desired result.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
434, Education and Demonstration, particularly 128 for a means specifically adapted to teach or instruct a person in some aspect of playing a game which uses a gameboard or table such as chess or checkers, and subclasses 247+ for a means specifically adapted to teach or instruct a person in some aspect of a game or sport which involves physical activity.

Adapted to be played on floor, ground, or court:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein, during play of the game, the playing surface is or is adapted to be located substantially on a surface that the player normally stands (e.g., on the floor, a rug, or the ground, etc.) or the playing surface comprises a court structure, either permanent or otherwise, which is located on such surface, whereby the player must use a mallet or club as the cue to strike the cue ball due to the playing surface being located at substantially his or her feet.
(1) Note. Often the playing surface is of such size that the player stands on the playing surface during play of the game.

Table or gameboard:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the playing surface along with its peripheral carom rails are the upper surface portion of a furniture structure known as a table which is particularly adapted for playing the game of billiards or pool, whereby the playing surface is located generally at a height of somewhat the same level as the trunk region of the player's body when the player is in standing position during play of the game; or wherein the playing surface along with its peripheral carom rails is a somewhat portable structure having no or very short legs or support structure, whereby the playing surface is adapted to be located on a support at approximately normal table height during play of the game.
(1) Note. Also included herein, is a table or gameboard which presents its playing surface at, or adapted to be at, such a height that the player can play the game while in a sitting position.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, 188.2 for an elevating or leveling device for furniture.

With mechanical ball projector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
wherein the table or gameboard is combined with a mechanically operated cue means for projecting or impelling the cue ball over the playing surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for a mechanically operated cue device, per se, for projecting a ball over the playing surface of a billiard or pool game.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
273, Amusement Devices: Games, particularly 119 for a surface projectile game device in which there is a mechanically operated means for projecting a ball over a playing surface, which projecting means is combined with and attached to the surface over which the ball is projected.

Convertible between billiard and pool (i.e., between pocketed and nonpocketed):
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter either (a) wherein the table or gameboard is convertible from a billiard playing surface to a pool playing surface, or vice versa, whereby either the game of billiards or pool can be played on the same table or gameboard; or (b) comprises a device for converting a table or gameboard from a billiard playing surface to a pool playing surface, or vice versa, whereby either the game of billiards or pool can be played on the same table or gameboard.

Using pocket blocking device positionable only in vicinity of pocket (e.g., pocket plug, rail piece, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter either (a) wherein a table or gameboard having a pocketed playing surface includes a means removably located within a ball receiving pocket or removably located only at or only in front of the ball entry portion of a ball receiving pocket, whereby a ball moving over the playing surface during play of the game is prevented from entering the ball receiving pocket; or (b) wherein such a means for preventing a ball from entering a pocket is provided for use with such a pocketed table or gameboard.
(1) Note. The pocket blocking device may be attached to the table or gameboard in such a manner that it may be shifted at will into or out of ball blocking position or it may be a separate device which is placed into or removed from ball
blocking position as desired.

Using interchangeable, shiftable, reversible, or removable cushion rails:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter wherein a table or gameboard having a pocketed playing surface includes or there is provided for use with the table or gameboard (a) carom rails which, when placed in position on the playing surface, prevent a ball moving over the playing surface from entering the pockets of the playing surface and other carom rails which, when placed in position on the playing surface, allow a ball moving over the playing surface to enter the pockets; (b) carom rails which are movably mounted or invertibly mounted on the playing surface whereby, when they are in one position, prevent a ball moving over the playing surface from entering the pockets and, when they are in the other position, allow a ball moving over the playing surface to enter the pockets; or (c) additional carom rails which, when removably placed in position inside the regular carom rails of the playing surface, prevent a ball moving over the playing surface from entering the pockets.

Invertible playing surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter wherein the table or gameboard includes a planar body having a playing surface located on the opposite sides thereof, one playing surface having pockets for playing the game of pool and the other playing surface being devoid of pockets for playing the game of billiards, and wherein the planar body may be reversed at will so as to present uppermost the playing surface desired for the game to be played.

Convertible to another type of furniture or to different type of game playing surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter either (a) wherein the table or gameboard is convertible from a billiard or pool game apparatus to either another article of furniture such as a dining table, desk, sofa, etc., or to another playing surface for playing a game other than billiards or pool such as bowling, golf, chess, etc.; or (b) comprises a device for converting a table or gameboard from a billiard or pool game apparatus to such another article of
furniture or to such another playing surface for playing a game other than billiards or pool.
(1) Note. It is to be understood that a billiard or pool table or gameboard which has been converted to another article of furniture or to a different type of game playing surface usually can be converted back to its original form.

Rail vertically raised or lowered relative to bed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter wherein the conversion process involves vertically moving at least one carom rail bounding and defining the playing surface of a billiard or pool table or gameboard between an upper, upstanding position relative to the playing surface to a lowered, no longer upstanding position relative to the playing surface.

Vertically movable playing surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter wherein the conversion process involves raising or lowering the playing surface.

Detachable or hinged rail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter wherein the conversion process involves either attaching or removing at least one carom rail or rotating at least one carom rail about an axis to a first position which provides one converted form or to a second position which provides the second converted form.

Convertible to different type of game playing surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter wherein at least the playing surface of the table or gameboard is convertible from a billiard or pool game apparatus to another playing surface for playing a game other than billiards or pool such as, for example, bowling, golf, chess, etc.

Readily foldable or collapsible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein the table or gameboard includes means to enable it, or a portion thereof, to be readily rolled up, folded, or otherwise collapsed into a volume which is less than what is taken up when the game is being played.

Rotatable playing surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein the playing surface is mounted on a supporting structure and either (a) is mounted on the supporting structure in such a manner that it is adapted to be readily pivoted (i.e., turned) about an axis located in or passing through the supporting structure, or (b) the supporting structure itself contains means to enable the playing surface to be readily pivoted or turned about an axis.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10 for a table or gameboard in which the playing surface thereof may be pivoted about an axis to effect conversion to another type of furniture or to a different type of game playing surface.
15 for a billiard or pool table or gameboard in which the playing surface thereof may be pivoted about an axis to effect the folding or collapsing of the table or gameboard.

Having pocket or other target with ball actuated indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein the playing surface includes at least one receptacle or other target means adapted to receive or be engaged by a ball projected and thereby moving on the playing surface; and wherein the receptacle or target means includes means associated therewith which is actuated or operated by the ball to indicate to the player that the projected ball has entered the receptacle or engaged the target means.
(1) Note. The mere visual presence of a ball residing in a pocket or striking the target or the mere observance that a ball entered and passed through a pocket opening or other
target is not sufficient for inclusion herein.

Playing surface having unconventional peripheral configuration defined by the carom rails:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein the playing surface which is bounded and defined by the upstanding carom rail rim has, when viewed in plan, a planar shape other than rectangular, the planar shape of the playing surface of a conventional billiard or pool table or gameboard being considered to be a rectangle having two parallel sides longer than the other two parallel sides.
(1) Note. A table or gameboard having playing surface which has a square peripheral configuration is included herein, even though a plane figure having a square shape is mathematically considered to be a species of a rectangle having all of its sides of equal length.

Attachment or accessory providing plural pockets or other targets located at only one end of playing surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter comprising a device or other means adapted to be used with and attached to or placed upon one end of the playing surface of a billiard or pool table or gameboard having a conventionally shaped playing surface, which device or means providing a plurality of ball receiving receptacles or ball engaging points of aim located at one end of the playing surface, whereby the game to be played utilizes only those receptacles or points of aim located at the said one of the playing surface.
(1) Note. As noted in the immediately preceding subclass, a billiard or pool playing surface having a conventional planar shape is considered to be one which is rectangular in shape, the rectangular shape being of the type having two parallel sides longer than the other two parallel sides.

Playing surface having unconventional number, entrance opening, or arrangement of pockets or having additional or shiftable carom or bumper means thereon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter (a) wherein the table or gameboard has a playing surface
having ball receiving pockets and wherein (1) the number of pockets disposed on the playing surface, (2) the specific locations of the pockets on the playing surface, or (3) the shape of the ball receiving openings of the pockets on the playing surface differ from the number, arrangement, or opening shape of the pockets of the playing surface of a conventional or standard pocketed pool table or gameboard; a conventional or standard pocketed pool table or gameboard having a rectangularly shaped playing surface with six pockets thereon, one pocket being located at each of the corners of the playing surface and one pocket being located in the middle of each of the longitudinal sides of the playing surface, and the ball receiving openings of the pockets being generally circular in shape; or (b) wherein the playing surface has located thereon, in addition to the peripheral carom rails defining the playing surface, at least one additional means for rebounding a ball therefrom; or wherein at least one of the peripheral carom rails, a portion thereof, or an additional ball rebounding means located on the playing surface is so mounted on the playing surface that it may be moved over the surface by a ball striking and rebounding from it.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28 for the structural details of a ball receiving pocket located in or on a table or gameboard.

Table attached ball rack:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter including a means for storing the balls that are used in playing the game and wherein either the means is attached to the table or gameboard as a part thereof or is a separate means that is intended to be attached to the table or gameboard.

With conveying chutes interconnecting pockets with ball rack:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter wherein the playing surface has ball receiving receptacles located thereon or therein and wherein the table or gameboard includes conveying troughs, channels, guideways, or other plural chute means for carrying balls from the receptacles to at least one ball storage rack which is common to at least two of the receptacles.
(1) Note. Usually, all of the pockets are connected by
conveying chutes to a common ball storage rack.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28 for the structural details of a ball receiving pocket located in or on a table or gameboard.

With means to distinguish or identify each ball pocketed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter wherein the table or gameboard includes means associated therewith to detect that a ball has been pocketed during play of the game; the game further utilizing a set of balls in which each ball has a detectable characteristic which is different from the characteristic of every other ball of the set; and wherein the detection means further includes means to determine the particular characteristic and therefor the identity of each ball from every other ball that is pocketed.

Coin controlled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter wherein the table or gameboard includes means associated therewith (a) to prevent unauthorized use of the table or gameboard for playing a game, (b) to limit the amount of time that the table or gameboard may be used to play a game, or (c) to limit the number of games that may be played; and wherein the prevention or limiting means is controlled by a mechanism which accepts a predetermined number of units or amount of monetary currency to release the prevention or limiting means so that a game or games may be played.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for a table or gameboard having an unauthorized use prevention, time limiting, or number-of-games limiting means which is not under the control of a coin-release mechanism.
52 for a ball, per se, particularly subclass 53 for a ball having a characteristic enabling it to be mechanically separated from other balls.

With means to segregate or separately store balls pocketed by each player or team:
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter wherein the ball rack includes means or the table or gameboard includes additional means to at least temporarily store the balls pocketed by each particular player or team of players separately from the balls pocketed by any other player or team.

Ball rack also constitutes or includes spotting rack:
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter wherein the ball rack, in addition to storing the balls used in the game, either also functions as a means or includes means associated therewith to facilitate grouping the balls in formation on the playing surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 for a ball spotting rack which either is combined with or also functions as a ball carrying or storage means.

With means to prevent unauthorized use of table or to limit playing time or number of games played:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein the table or gameboard includes means associated therewith (a) to prevent unauthorized use of the table or gameboard for playing a game, (b) to limit the amount of time that the table or gameboard may be used to play a game, or (c) to limit the number of games that may be played.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24 for a table or gameboard having an unauthorized use prevention, time limiting, or number-of-games limiting means which is under the control of a coin-release mechanism.

Pocket structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter relating to the structural details of at least one ball receiving receptacle located on or in the playing surface of a pool table or gameboard.
(1) Note. The ball receiving pocket or receptacle either
may be one in which a ball enters and is held therein or is one in which a ball enters and passes therethrough to, for example, a chute or trough which leads to a ball storage rack attached to the pool table or gameboard.

Playing surface structure (i.e., bed structure):
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter relating to the structural details of the playing surface, commonly known as the bed, of a billiard or pool table or gameboard.

Device for securing playing surface covering (e.g., for securing billiard table cloth, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Subject matter relating to a device or other means for securing a covering material, usually consisting of a fabric material, in place on the bed.

Rail structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter relating to the structural details of the peripheral carom rails or bumper rails which bound and define the playing surface of a pool or billiard table or gameboard.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 particularly subclass 8 for a table or gameboard which is convertible between billiards and pool and in which the rails are interchangeable, shiftable, reversible, or removable to effect or facilitate the conversion.
10 for rail structure details of a table or gameboard which is convertible to another type of furniture or to play a different type of game, particularly subclass 11 in which the rails are raised or lowered to effect the conversion and subclass 13 in which the rails are detachable or hinged so as to facilitate the conversion.

Cushioned portion thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter relating to the cushioning or padded portion of the carom rail or bumper rail upon which a ball moving over the playing surface may impinge and be rebounded or caromed therefrom.

Frame or leg structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter either (a) relating to the structure of the table or gameboard, commonly known as the frame, upon which the bed or playing surface and the carom rails or bumper rails are supported or (b) relating to the structural details of at least one leg of a table or gameboard which is mounted upon at least one supporting leg, or relating to the attachment of the one or more legs to the rest of the table or gameboard.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15 for a table or gameboard which is readily foldable or collapsible and in which the legs thereof, if there are any, may be pivotally or removably attached.

Dust cover therefor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter comprising a protective covering means specifically adapted to cover at least the playing surface of a billiard or pool table or gameboard when it is not in use to play a game.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane, subclass 115 for a cover adapted to be used on a portable shelter.

Cue chalker:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter comprising a means specifically adapted to facilitate the application of chalk or an analogous material to the ball-striking surface of a cue (i.e., to the cue tip) so as to increase the friction between the cue tip and a ball whenever the ball is struck by the cue.
(1) Note. Also included herein is a structure, such as a specially designed block, formed from chalk or an analogous material which is specifically designed and intended for use in the chalking of cue tips.

Chalk holder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Subject matter comprising a means for holding, containing, or otherwise carrying the chalk or analogous material.

With means for automatically applying chalk:
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter wherein the chalk holder includes means for automatically applying the chalk to the cue tip whenever the tip engages the chalk or the holder therefor.

Flexibly tethered:
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter wherein the chalk holder is fastened to a support by means of a cord or an equivalent elongated, flaccid member.

Secured to generally fixed support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter wherein the chalk holder is attached to a generally immovable support.
(1) Note. The support may be a table or gameboard or may be the ceiling or wall structure of a building or room.

Ball spotting rack:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter comprising a device for facilitating the grouping of a
plurality of balls in formation on the playing surface of a table or gameboard.

With ball carrying or storage means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein the spotting rack either is combined with or also functions as a means (a) to transport a plurality of balls as a group from one place to another or (b) to store a plurality of balls when they are not being used during play of the game.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
26 for a ball rack attached to a table or gameboard, which ball rack either includes or also functions as a ball spotting rack.

Cue rest:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter comprising a device, commonly known as a cue rest or bridge, for supporting the cue during the time the player is in the act of projecting a ball located on the playing surface (i.e., during the time the player is making a shot).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for a billiard or pool game practice device or a device used in such a game to aid the player in aiming the cue or cue ball during shots; and see the Search Note appended thereto for the line distinction between the subject matter contained in that subclass and the cue rests or bridges contained herein.

Hand attached or engaged by hand in vicinity of cue supporting portion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Subject matter wherein either (a) the cue rest or bridge is secured to at least a portion of the player's hand during a shot or; (b) the cue rest or bridge includes means located in the vicinity of the cue supporting portion thereof adapted and intended to receive at least a portion of a player's hand during a shot.

Cue:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter comprising a projecting device, commonly known as a cue or cue stick, for projecting or impelling a ball located on the playing surface of a billiard or pool table or gameboard.
(1) Note. Usually, the projecting device (i.e., the cue) used to strike a ball, usually the cue ball, is a long, tapering, tipped rod or stick but other types of cues that may be used include a mechanically operated cue or a mallet type cue.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for a device specifically adapted and intended to be used for resurfacing, cleaning, or trimming the ball-projecting tips of cues.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, subclass 494 for a billiard cue trimmer classifiable therein which is adapted to shape an end of a billiard cue stick.
273, Amusement Devices: Games, subclass 129 for a device or implement adapted to project or impel a game projectile for travel upon a playing surface of a surface projectile game.

Mechanically operated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein the cue includes a mechanical means for projecting or impelling a ball over the playing surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for a mechanically operated cue device combined with a table or gameboard used to play billiard or pool games.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
124, Mechanical Guns and Projectors, particularly 16 for a device for projecting a projectile into or through the air, which projecting device is spring operated.
273, Amusement Devices: Games, particularly 119 for a surface projectile game device in which there is a mechanically operated means for projecting a ball over a
playing surface, which projecting means is combined with and attached to the surface over which the ball is projected; and subclass 129 for a projecting device adapted for use in projecting or impelling a projectile over the playing surface of a surface projectile game.

Disparate attachment therefor or convertible to or combined with disparate device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter (a) wherein the cue includes structure enabling it to be converted to or from a device which no longer functions as a cue (e.g., a combined billiard cue and walking cane, etc.), or (b) comprises a structure which is combined with or adapted to be removably attached to a cue whereby the structure is not commonly associated with a cue (e.g., a scorekeeping, glove, or cue tip scuffing means).

With user adjustable or changeable weight:
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein the cue includes a player shiftable or player replaceable weight member whereby the player may alter the balance or the total weight of the cue as desired.

Axially telescopic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein the cue is an elongated, tapering rod or stick member composed of at least two elongated, axially shiftable sections, whereby at least one of the sections slides within or axially toward another section so that the cue may be extended or compressed along its longitudinal axis.
(1) Note. A cue having a shock absorber means, such as a compressible spring means, and composed of at least two axially shiftable sections which axially shift so as to absorb the shock of striking a ball is included herein.

Tip or tip fastener therefor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter either relating to the structural details of the ball striking portion of the cue, commonly known as the cue tip, or relating to a means for securing the ball striking portion of the cue to the rest of the cue.

Clamp or press:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Subject matter relating to a device for clamping or otherwise securely holding the tip to the rest of the cue during setting of a cement, glue, or analogous adhesive means used to fasten the tip to the rest of the cue.

Striking portion formed of material other than leather:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Subject matter wherein the portion of the tip which directly contacts a ball during projection thereof is composed of a material other than the tanned or dressed hide of an animal.

Ball:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter relating to the structural details of a generally spherical member (i.e., a ball) which is specifically adapted for use in playing a game of billiards or pool.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
125 for a ball adapted for use in the game of bowling.
280 for a practice projectile used to practice for the game of golf.
351 for a ball used in the game of golf.
413 for a ball used in the game of croquet.
422 for a projectile used to practice or train for a playing field or court game such as soccer, hockey, etc.
569 for a game projectile, in general (often a ball), which is used to play a game or sport.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclass 327 for a game ball carrying indicia other than means (a) to indicate the portion of the ball to be hit by a projecting device, (b) to indicate its location on a playing field, or (c) for a series of balls carrying interrelated indicia to be used in playing a game.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, for making a ball by lamination and see especially 145 for a method which includes the step of encapsulation of a permanently fluent material in hollow lamina.
206, Special Receptacle or Package, 315.9 for a receptacle or package for a sporting or game ball.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for a carbon compound composition product intended for use as a game ball, bat, pin, or billy or as any part thereof (e.g., a bowling pin coating, etc.).
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, for a process within the class definition for shaping or molding plastic materials.

Having characteristic enabling ball to be mechanically separated from other balls:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter wherein the ball has some physical attribute such as size, weight, presence or amount of magnetic or magnetically susceptible material, etc. which is different from any other ball used in playing a game of pool, which physical attribute enables a means associated with a pool table or gameboard to detect the attribute of a pocketed ball and to segregate it in a location on the pool table or gameboard (e.g., a ball rack) different from the location where other pocketed balls are stored.
(1) Note. Usually, it is the cue ball that has the unique physical attribute so that when a scratch occurs (i.e., when the cue ball is unintentionally pocketed during a shot), the cue ball may be returned to the player(s) in order that the game may continue.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
22 particularly subclass 23 in which the table or gameboard includes means to distinguish or identify each ball pocketed, subclass 24 in which the table or gameboard usually includes means to identify and return to the player(s) a pocketed cue ball, and subclass 25 in which the table or gameboard may
include a means to identify and separately store the balls pocketed by each player or team.

BOWLING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to a contest of skill in which a contestant (i.e., a bowler) directs a generally spherical ball (i.e., a bowling ball) along a planar surface (i.e., a bowling alley) either (a) at one or more upstanding elongate targets (e.g., ten pins, duck pins, etc.) set upon a playing field (i.e., a bed) with the goal of toppling as many targets as possible or (b) at one or more other target means which are intended to represent, simulate, or otherwise mimic such topplable, elongate targets.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, subclasses 222-225 for a mechanical signal or indicator, per se, which is intended to form part of or to be used with a game device.
194, Check-Actuated Control Mechanisms, for a game or chance device involving the particulars of a coin control mechanism.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, 61.1 for an electrical switch, per se, responsive to the action of a game or amusement piece.
235, Registers, for a score totalizing apparatus, per se, intended for use in a game, particularly subclass 1 for a miscellaneous game counter and subclass 91 for a device for operating a register which may involve a bowling game device.
340, Communications: Electrical, particularly subclass 323 for a game reporting electric signaling system, per se, used with a bowling game device and subclasses 286.01+ for an electric signaling system, per se, which may form part of a game.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, for a selectively controlled visual display system not limited to a game. If the term "game" or the like appears in the claim, then classification is in Class 473, then classification is in the Class 463 group of classes (i.e., Classes 463, 473, or 273).
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 4 for a counter or register, per se, which is adapted to be controlled to
accumulate the totals involved in betting on the various possibilities involved in an event and/or to determine the odds involved in the payoff of the various possibilities; and subclass 5 for a counter or register, per se, which is adapted to be used with, in, or for a game or sport.
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications, subclasses 91-93 for a calculating computer or data processing system, per se, which is adapted to be used with, in, or for a game or contest device, which computer or data processing system must include significant recitation of the calculating computer or data processing system and must have only nominal claim recitation of the game or contest device.

Practice or assist device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Apparatus for training the bowler to improve his/her game, or for aiding the bowler who is physically impaired.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
434, Education and Demonstration, particularly 128 for a means specifically adapted to teach or instruct a person in some aspect of playing a game which uses a gameboard or table such as chess or checkers, and subclass 249 for a means specifically adapted to teach or instruct a person in some aspect of the game of bowling.
602, Surgery: Splint, Brace, or Bandage, 41 for a bandaging device, even though specially adapted for use in supporting the body or body member of a person so as to function in a proper manner in playing a game.

For handicapped person:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Apparatus for aiding the bowler who is physically impaired.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
602, Surgery: Splint, Brace, or Bandage, 41 for a bandaging device, even though specially adapted for use in supporting the body or body member of a person so as to function in a proper manner in playing a game.

Selective pin setter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Apparatus having means for upstanding one or more targets on the playing field in a pattern of the bowler's choosing, generally consisting of less than a full complement of targets.

Ball path indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Apparatus having means to actively display the route along the alley that a previously rolled bowling ball has taken on its course towards the target, or means for showing the bowler a preferred route along which to roll the bowling ball.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for permanent indicia located on a bowling alley or board.

Bowler worn or carried:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Apparatus supported by the bowler during game play which may be securable to the bowler's body.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
2, Apparel, 455 for protective clothing to be worn by athletes such as a football helmet, a baseball or boxing glove, a knee pad, etc.
224, Package and Article Carriers, particularly 101 for a package or article carrier which is carried or worn by an animate bearer.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, particularly 137 for an article carrier which is adapted to be gripped and carried by the hand of a person.

Including means for positive engagement with ball:
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Apparatus for interlockingly gripping the bowling ball.
(1) Note. Included herein is a device supported by the bowler having means to interfit with or encircle the bowling ball.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for a bowling ball with means especially adapted to facilitate the manual grasping and holding of the ball by the bowler.

Finger support or guide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Apparatus having means to brace or position a digit of the bowler's bowling ball throwing hand.

Wrist support or guide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Apparatus having means to brace or position the bowler's ball throwing hand with respect to the bowler's bowling ball throwing arm.

Arm or elbow support or guide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Apparatus having means to brace or position the bowler's bowling ball throwing limb with respect to either the medial joint therein or the bowler's torso.

Handling of pin or pin representation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter either (a) relating to the treatment, manipulation, sensing, or indicating of the target or (b) relating to means which is intended to mimic the treatment, manipulation, sensing, or indicating of the target or target representation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for a power driven conveyor apparatus adapted to handle or manipulate one or more articles so as to transport them from one location to another.
414, Material or Article Handling, for an apparatus adapted to grip, handle, or manipulate articles.

Including electrical cycle sequence control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Apparatus having circuitry for the flow of electrical energy which regulates the actions of the apparatus as a whole.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for patents claiming function regulating circuitry, per se, when the function relates to the overall operation of the apparatus, or pin handling apparatus combined with said circuitry.
(2) Note. Circuitry, per se, or pin handling apparatus combined therewith to regulate or initiate a single action of the apparatus will be classified under the subclass providing for apparatus relating to that action.

Including means for conserving energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Apparatus having means for reducing the energy consumed for operation.

With indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Apparatus having active means for visual, auditory, or tactile presentation of a condition or state of the game or target.
(1) Note. Passive displays, such as mere indicia, will be classified under the subclass providing for the pin handling structure, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, subclasses 222-225 for a mechanical signal or indicator, per se, which is intended to form part of or to be used with a game device.
194, Check-Actuated Control Mechanisms, for a game or chance device involving the particulars of a coin control mechanism.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, 61.1 for an electrical switch, per se, responsive to the action of a game or amusement piece.
235, Registers, for a score totalizing apparatus, per se, intended for use in a game, particularly subclass 1 for a miscellaneous game counter, subclass 78 for a game calculator having concentric totalizing disks mounted upon a single axis, subclass 88 for a game calculator having tabular indicia placed upon disks which rotate about their centers, and subclass 91 for a device for operating a register involving a billiards or pool game device.
340, Communications: Electrical, particularly subclass 323 for a game reporting electric signaling system, per se, used with a bowling game device and subclasses 286.01+ for an electric signaling system, per se, which may form part of a game.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, for a selectively controlled visual display system not limited to a game. If the term "game" or the like appears in the claim, then classification is in the Class 463 group of classes (i.e., Classes 463, 473, or 273).
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 4 for a counter or register, per se, which is adapted to be controlled to accumulate the totals involved in betting on the various possibilities involved in an event and/or to determine the odds involved in the payoff of the various possibilities; and subclass 5 for a counter or register, per se, which is adapted to be used with, in, or for a game or sport.
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications, subclasses 91-93 for a calculating computer or data processing system, per se, which is adapted to be used with, in, or for a game or contest device, which computer or data processing system must include significant recitation of the calculating computer or data processing system and must have only nominal claim recitation of the game or contest device.

Tethered or pivotal pin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Apparatus wherein the target is attached to the manipulating structure
therefor by an elongate flexible member or a hinge.

Pinfall:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Apparatus wherein the means for presentation is qualitatively or quantitatively representative of the toppled targets.

Score:
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Apparatus wherein the means for presentation is quantitatively representative of the fallen targets.

Including electromechanical calculating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Apparatus having means for summing the number of fallen targets comprising means for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy.
(1) Note. Patents claiming indicators of the type classified herein have a moving part, such as a stepper relay, electric motor, etc. which counts the number of fallen targets.

Foul:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Apparatus wherein the means for presentation is representative of the bowler trespassing onto the bowling alley when throwing the bowling ball.

Pin setter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Apparatus having means for placing a plurality of targets onto the
playing field in a prescribed pattern in such a manner that the targets may be subsequently toppled by the bowling ball.

Rollable, translatable, or simulative target:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus wherein the target towards which the bowling ball is rolled is either a ball, a target generally in a state of constant motion, or a target which mimics a topplable object.
(1) Note. An object which mimics a topplable object could be, for example, an electrical switch or light beam in the playing field which when struck by the bowling ball actuates an electromechanically operated target to topple, or which turns off a light behind a lighted display corresponding to the switch or light beam.

Pivotal pin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus wherein the target is hingedly secured within the playing field of the apparatus.

Pivot substantially at base of pin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Apparatus wherein the hinged securement is generally made at the bottom of the target.

With spring detent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Apparatus including resilient means for retaining the target out of the field of play after it has been struck by the bowling ball.

Tethered pin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus wherein the target is secured within the playing field of the apparatus by means of an elongate flexible element (e.g., a cable, cord, rope, etc.).

Tethered at base of pin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Apparatus wherein the elongate flexible element passes through the bottom of the target.

Including reset lever or crank:
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Apparatus having means pivotable or rotatable about a point to place the elongate flexible element into tension so as to upright a toppled target.

Including means to remove dead wood:
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Apparatus having means to remove from the playing field a toppled target while leaving any untoppled targets in place.

Pin biased away from bed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Apparatus wherein the target has a force normally applied thereto to remove it from the playing field and is temporarily secured to the playing field by means strong enough (e.g., magnetism, hooks, etc.) to overcome the force.
(1) Note. When a target is struck by the bowling ball the temporary securement is broken and the force normally applied to the target removes it from the playing field.

Manually loadable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus for placing a target into the field of play which is chargeable with a target by a human operator (i.e., a pinboy).

Including means to upright pin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus having means provided for uprighting a target placed therein at an inclined angle.

Magnetic force acts on pin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus wherein a magnetic field exists between the target and the apparatus.
(1) Note. The force exerted by the magnet is typically for manipulating the target.

For alternative pin sets:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus having means for replacing a full complement of targets with another of a different type or quality.

Including means to lift live wood:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus having means to remove an untoppled target from the playing field and to subsequently return it to the playing field after the removal of any toppled targets.

With compensation for pin offset:
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Apparatus having means to return the target to the playing field at
substantially the location from which it was removed.
(1) Note. Often a target is struck by the bowling ball and though it fails to topple it is displaced from its initial placement (i.e., it walks).

Including distributor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus having means for mechanically arranging a group of targets into a pattern prior to placing the group onto the playing field.

Including means to convey pin to distributor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Apparatus having means to transport the targets to the pattern arranging means.

Including elevator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Apparatus having means raise a toppled target from the height of the playing field to the height of the pattern forming means.
(1) Note. Means for transporting a target to the pattern forming means which simultaneously raises a toppled target from the playing field is classified herein.

With compensation for pin offset:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Apparatus having means for grasping an untoppled target on the playing field in such a manner as not to disturb the position of the target on the playing field.

Pit cushion or actuator therefor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Apparatus mounted beyond the bed for absorbing the momentum of the bowling ball, or means attached thereto for initiating the target manipulating apparatus in response to being struck by the bowling ball subsequently to passing beyond the end of the bed.

Pin guide or conveyor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Apparatus for conducting or transporting the target.

Distributor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Apparatus for positioning a plurality of targets in a prescribed pattern into an apparatus for placing the targets onto the playing field.

Pivotable chute or conveyor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Apparatus wherein the means for positioning the targets comprises a target conducting or transporting means which is angularly positionable about a point.

Elevator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Apparatus comprising means for raising a toppled target from the height of the playing field to the height of an apparatus for placing the target onto the playing field.

With ball separator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Apparatus
including means for segregating the target from the bowling ball.

And ball handling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Apparatus including means for manipulating the bowling ball.

Sweep:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Apparatus for removing any targets from the playing field.

Pin sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Apparatus comprising means for detecting the position or state (i.e., toppled or untoppled) of a target on the playing field.

Pin spot:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Apparatus comprising means for supporting the target thereon which is mountable within the playing field.

Including means for positive pin alignment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Apparatus having means interengagable with the target so as to precisely position the target thereon.

Retractable peg:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Apparatus wherein the interengagable means comprises a pilot which is temporarily projectable into a complementary hole in the target and withdrawable therefrom.

Socket-type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Apparatus wherein the interengagable means comprises a depression in the surface of the supporting means shaped to receive a complementary surface of the target.

Ball handling or diverting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter specifically adapted for guiding, manipulating, or deflecting the generally spherical ball directed by the bowler (a) during the time it is on its path toward the one or more targets as directed, (b) during its return back to the bowler, (c) during the time after it has either struck or missed the one or more targets but before it has been sent on its return back to the bowler, or (d) during the time it is being propelled or directed (e.g., by a mechanically operated means).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
125 for a bowling ball, per se, which is provided with a grip or handle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for a power driven conveyor apparatus adapted to handle or manipulate one or more articles so as to transport them from one location to another.
414, Material or Article Handling, for an apparatus adapted to grip, handle, or manipulate articles.

Mechanical projector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter wherein a machine or tool is used to propel or direct the ball toward the one or more targets.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
273, Amusement Devices: Games, particularly 119 for a surface projectile game device in which there is a mechanically operated means for projecting a ball over a playing surface, which projecting means is combined with and attached to the surface over which the ball is projected; and subclass 129 for a projecting device adapted for use in projecting or impelling a projectile over the playing surface of a surface projectile game.

Tethered ball:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter wherein the ball is secured generally within the confines of the playing field by means of an elongate flexible member (e.g., a cable, cord, rope, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
139 for a tethered projectile used to practice for, or play, a golf game.
423 for a practice or training device for a playing field or court game, which device includes a tethered projectile.
575 for a tethered game projectile, in general.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
273, Amusement Devices: Games, particularly 331 for an aerial projectile tethered to a target.

Means to change or curve ball path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter comprising a means for altering the route or track of the directed ball during the time it is approaching the one or more targets.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
273, Amusement Devices: Games, particularly subclass 121 and 124 for a surface projectile ball game with a return course.

Ball return:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter comprising means specifically adapted for sending the ball back to the bowler after it has either struck or missed the one or more targets.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
273, Amusement Devices: Games, particularly subclass 395 and 396+ for an aerial projectile game device combined with or to be used with a target, which device is adapted to return a projectile back to the area from which it was projected; and subclasses 121 and 124 for a surface projectile ball game with a ball return course.

Ball lift or elevator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein the ball return means includes means to raise the ball up to a higher level so as, for example, to facilitate the return of the ball to the bowler by gravity.

Mechanical means for ball retarding or arresting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein the ball return means includes a machine or tool for slowing or reducing the speed or momentum of the returning ball as it approaches the bowler.

Gutter structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter comprising means specifically adapted to capture a directed ball on an errant or misdirected path.
(1) Note. A bowling surface or alley having specific gutter structure is provided for in this subclass rather than in subclasses 115+ below.
(2) Note. Generally, a gutter is provided adjacent each side of the bowling surface or alley.

Backstop, division board, or adjunct therefor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter comprising means for diverting or deflecting the ball from its directed path (a) after the ball has either struck or missed the one or more targets and thereby passed the target(s), or (b) after it has left the alley.
(1) Note. The adjunct found in this subclass is generally a cushion or other replaceable shock-absorbing means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 for a means to change or curve the ball path of a bowling ball as it is approaching the target(s).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
273, Amusement Devices: Games, subclass 404 for an aerial projectile target which is adapted to be penetrated by aerial projectiles, which penetrable target is combined with a projectile-backstop means for stopping or catching projectiles impacting on the target; and subclass 410 for an aerial projectile backstop, per se, which comprises means to stop, trap, or catch a projected aerial projectile.

Alley or board structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter comprising a planar structure (i.e., a bowling alley) specifically adapted to support a directed ball during its travel toward the one or more targets.
(1) Note. An alley or board structure which is combined with a ball, pin, or target structure is provided for in this subclass or in the subclasses indented hereunder.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
113 for an alley or board structure which includes specific gutter structure.

Portable game board, table, or alley:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter
wherein the alley or board structure is capable of being easily carried or moved.
(1) Note. Most of the patents found in this subclass relate to bowling gameboards, tables, or alleys specifically designed for use in the user's home or yard.

With nonwooden alley surface or lining:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter wherein the planar structure has a surface layer or coating composed of a material other than wood.
(1) Note. An alley or board structure which is made from a wooden material but which has a specifically-recited surface coating thereon such as, for example, wax or urethane is included in this subclass.

Pin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter comprising means specifically adapted for use as an upstanding elongate target for a bowling ball directed along a bowling alley thereat.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for an alley or board structure which is combined with a ball, pin, or target structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
144, Woodworking, subclass 331 for a process of repairing, reconstructing, or otherwise restoring a bowling pin.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for a carbon compound composition product intended for use as a game ball, bat, pin, or billy or as any part thereof (e.g., a bowling pin coating, etc.).
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, for a process within the class definition for shaping or molding plastic materials.
273, Amusement Devices: Games, 118, particularly subclass 127 for a target used in a surface projectile ball game apparatus.

Composite structure (e.g., distinct layers, components, joint, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter wherein the pin is constructed of diverse materials or of assembled parts, which parts are made either of diverse materials or of similar or identical material.
(1) Note. Generally, a composite possesses structural or functional properties not present in any individual component thereof.

With reinforcing filament, fiber, or fabric:
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein the composite pin is strengthened (a) by an elongate threadlike material or (b) by a textile product thereof.

With metal shell or skin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein the composite pin has a metallic covering or outer layer.

With wooden component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein the composite pin has at least one part or layer made from a wooden material.
(1) Note. This subclass and its indents provide for a composite pin structure incorporating sawdust or wooden fibers.

Laminated or attached wooden components:
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter wherein the composite pin includes plural adjacent and joined
parts or portions made from wooden material.
(1) Note. Generally, the wooden components are glued together but in some cases the components are mechanically secured together.

With end or bottom reinforcing preform:
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter wherein the composite pin includes diverse strengthening means attached to the end or bottom portions thereof.
(1) Note. Generally, it is the ends of the pin (i.e., either the top or bottom portions) which are prone to splitting or excessive wear.
(2) Note. The reinforcing preform, per se, for a bowling pin is provided for herein unless elsewhere provided for.

Ball:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter relating to the structural details of a generally spherical member (i.e., a bowling ball) which is specifically adapted for use by the bowler in the game of bowling.
(1) Note. Attachments and adjuncts for use on or with a bowling ball are provided for in this subclass and its indents unless elsewhere provided for.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for a ball adapted for use in the game of billiards or pool.
115 for an alley or board structure which is combined with a ball, pin, or target structure.
280 for a practice projectile used to practice for the game of golf.
351 for a ball used in the game of golf.
413 for a ball used in the game of croquet.
422 for a projectile used to practice or train for a playing field or court game such as soccer, hockey, etc.
569 for a game projectile, in general (often a ball) which
is used to play a game or sport.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclass 327 for a game ball carrying indicia other than means (a) to indicate the portion of the ball to be hit by a projecting device, (b) to indicate its location on a playing field, or (c) for a series of balls carrying interrelated indicia to be used in playing a game.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, for making a ball by lamination and see especially 145 for a method which includes the step of encapsulation of a permanently fluent material in hollow lamina.
206, Special Receptacle or Package, 315.9 for a receptacle or package for a sporting or game ball, particularly subclass 315.91 for a receptacle or package for a bowling ball.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for a carbon compound composition product intended for use as a game ball, bat, pin, or billy or as any part thereof (e.g., a bowling pin coating, etc.).
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, for a process within the class definition for shaping or molding plastic materials.
434, Education and Demonstration, subclass 249 for a means specifically adapted to teach or instruct a person in some aspect of the game of bowling.

With weight block:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter wherein the ball includes a preform specifically adapted to balance or add the necessary mass thereto.

With specific grip means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter comprising means especially adapted for facilitating the manual grasping and holding the bowling ball by the bowler.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for apparatus adapted to aid a bowler who is physically impaired or to train a bowler in improving his\her game.
60 for a bowler worn or carried means adapted for training a bowler in improving his/her game or for aiding a bowler who is physically impaired, which practice or assist means includes a means to interlockingly grip a bowling ball.
61 for a bowler worn or carried means adapted for training a bowler in improving his/her game or for aiding a bowler who is physically impaired, which practice or assist means includes a means to brace or position a digit of the bowler's throwing hand.

Thumb or finger hole grip:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter wherein the ball includes at least one recess therein for the purpose of receiving at least one digit of the hand of the bowler in order to facilitate holding of the ball by the bowler.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 509 for a gauge adapted to determine the position of the holes to be made in an undrilled bowling ball so that the undrilled bowling ball can be marked and drilled to custom fit it to an individual, particularly subclass 510 for a gauge which includes a simulated bowling ball, which gauge is used to determine the spacing between the thumb and the fingers used by the individual to grip a bowling ball.
408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, subclass 1 for a method of drilling a bowling ball and Digest 1 for a bowling ball drill.

Size or depth adjusting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter wherein the thumb or finger hole grip is provided with a selectively variable, shape-conformable instrumentality.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
130 for a thumb or finger hole grip means which is adjustable by means of interchangeable inserts or bushings.