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CLASS 713,	ELECTRICAL COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS: SUPPORT
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE CLASS SUBJECT MATTER

This class provides, within a computer or digital data processing system, for the following subject matter:

(A) Processes or apparatus for establishing original operating parameters or data for a computer or digital data processing system, such as, allocating extended or expanded memory, specifying device drivers, paths, files, buffers, disk management, etc.;

(B) Processes or apparatus for changing system settings or operational modes in a computer or digital data processing system after they have been set;

(C) Processes or apparatus for increasing a system’s extension of protection of system hardware,software, or data frm maliciously caused destruction, unauthorized modification, or unauthorized disclosure;

(D) Processes or apparatus for modifying or responding to the available power to a computer or digital data processing system or programmable calculator;

(E) Processes or apparatus for synchronization of two or more processors;

(F) Processes or apparatus wherein a clock or timing signals, timing pulses, or data associated with the control or regulation of any one or combination of processing components, memory components, and peripheral components are caused to operate in synchronization;

(G) Processes or apparatus for generation, division, or distribution of clock signals, pulse signals, or timing signals in a computer or digital data processing system from one or more sources into groups of continuous and successive time increments, and including event timing and counting, and the correction of the clock signals, pulse signals, or timing signals;

(H) Processes or apparatus wherein there is a significant temporal, incremental or sequencing control provided to one or more computers, digital data processing systems, processors, memory, or peripherals, or to data transmission between these systems or components;

SCOPE OF THE CLASS

SECTION II - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SECTION III - GLOSSARY

APPLICATION PROGRAM

A computer program designed to perform a certain type of work, such as an application to manipulate text, numbers, graphics or a combination of these elements. An application differs from an operating system (which runs a computer), a utility (which performs maintenance or general-purpose chores), and a language (with which computer programs are created).

BOOT

To start up a computer or the process of starting or resetting a computer.

BUS

A conductor used for transferring data, signals, or power.

COMPUTER

A machine that inputs data, processes data, stores data, and outputs data.

DATA

Representation of information in a coded manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing.

Address data - Data that represent or identify a source or destination.

Instruction data - Data that represent an operation and identify its operands, if any.

Status data - Data that represent conditions of data, computers, peripherals, memory, etc.

User data - Data other than address data, instruction data, or status data.

DATA PROCESSING

See PROCESSING, below.

DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM

An arrangement of processor(s) in combination with either memory or peripherals, or both, performing data processing.

ERROR

Manifestation of a fault as an undesired event that occurs when actual behavior deviates from the behavior that is required by initial specifications.

FAILURE

Manifestation of an error as a nonperformance of an expected system service as required by the initial specifications.

FAULT

A flaw in a functional unit (hardware or software).

INFORMATION

Meaning that a human being assigns to data by means of the conventions applied to that data.

MEMORY

A functional unit to which data can be stored and from which data can be retrieved.

OPERATING SYSTEM

Software responsible for controlling the allocation and usage of hardware resources such as memory, central processing unit (CPU) time, disk space, and peripheral devices. The operating system is the foundation on which application programs are built.

PERIPHERAL

A functional unit that transmits data to or receives data from a computer to which it is coupled.

PROCESSING

Methods or apparatus performing systematic operations upon data or information exemplified by functions such as data or information transferring, merging, sorting, and calculating (i.e., arithmetic operations or logical operations).

PROCESSOR

A functional unit that interprets and executes instruction data.

pROGRAM

A sequence of instructions that can be executed by a computer. The term can refer to the original source code or to the executable (machine language) version.

RECOVERY

Responding to a fault in a system by either returning a system to a previous level of correct operation, achieving a degraded level of correct operation, or safely shutting down the system.

SECURITY

Extent of protection for system hardware, software, or data from maliciously caused destruction, unauthorized modification, or unauthorized disclosure.

SUBCLASSES

1	DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM INITIALIZATION OR CONFIGURATION (E.G., INITIALIZING, SETUP, CONFIGURATION, OR RESETTING):
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising means or steps for establishing an original operating parameter or data for a computer or digital data processing system. (1) Note. The means or steps for establishing the original operating parameter or data may be related to, for example, extended or expanded memory, device driver, path, file, buffer, disk management, etc. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2, for loading initialization program (e.g., booting, rebooting, warm booting, remote booting, BIOS, initial program load (IPL) or bootstrapping). 100, for reconfiguring of system settings, per se. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 340,  Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 825+ for selective communication systems. 370,  Multiplex Communications,   subclasses 254+ for network configuration determination. 707,  Data Processing: Database and File Management or Data Structures,   subclasses 200+ for file system handling. 709,  Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer or Process Coordinating,   subclasses 220+ for network computer configuring,particularly subclass 222 for initializing. 710,  Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems, Input/Output,   subclasses 8+ for peripheral configuration, subclasses 104+ for configuring under system intra connecting. 711,  Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,   subclasses 170+ for memory configuring. 712,  Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing (e.g., Processors),   subclasses 1+ for processor architectures. 714,  Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection /Recovery,   subclasses 3+ for masking or reconfiguring in the event of a fault under fault recovery, reliability and availability, subclass 36 for testing at power up. 715,  Data Processing: Presentation Processing of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and Screen Saver Display Processing,   subclass 866 for configuring an operator interface; cross-reference art collection 966 for computer process control or configuration in an operator interface.

2	Loading initialization program (e.g., booting, rebooting, warm booting, remote booting, BIOS, initial program load (IPL), bootstrapping):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter comprising means or steps for booting a computer or digital data processing system. (1) Note. This subclass includes initial program load (IPL), bootstrap, re-booting/resetting, loading an updated BIOS, and warm/cold booting. These events typically occur automatically in the computer system at power on reset or after a warm boot or warm restart and include reading memory locations. Memory accessing and control, per se, and address formation, per se, however, are classified elsewhere. (2) Note. For the purpose of this definition it should be understood that transferring an operating system into memory may involve the use of a secondary loader program. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 711,  Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems,   subclasses 100+ for storage accessing and control, subclasses 170+ for memory space allocationor memo configuring, and subclasses 200+ for address formation. 714,  Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery, subclass 36 for power-on self test (POST).

100	RECONFIGURATION (E.G., CHANGING SYSTEM SETTING):
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising means or steps for changing a system setting or an operational mode after it has been set. (1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass is directed to alteration of system settings, parameters, or operational modes that have been previously set or initialized. Initialization of a system is classified elsewhere. (2) Note. For the purpose of this definition system settings" includes any system data orientation or device configuration required for a particular mode of operation of a digital data processing system. (3) Note. The subject matter of this subclass is directed to alteration of system settings, parameters, or operational modes that have been previously set or initialized. Context switching of a processor, computer, or digital data processing system between executing processes, tasks, or threads is classified elsewhere. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 1, for configuring of system settings, per se. 2, for initialization of a computer or a digital data processing system. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 707,  Data Processing: Database and File Management, or Data Structures,   subclasses 200+ for file system handling. 709,  Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer Data Transferring or Plural Processor Synchronization,   subclass 221 for network computer reconfiguring. 710,  Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output,   subclasses 8+ for peripheral configuration, subclass 104 for configuration under system intra connecting. 711,  Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Memory,   subclasses 170+ for memory space allocation or memory configuring. 712,  Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing (e.g., Processors),   subclasses 1+ for processor architectures, subclass 229 for mode switching under processing control at the ALU level. 714,  Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection /Recovery,   subclasses 3+ for masking or reconfiguration in the event of a fault under fault recovery, reliability and availability, and subclass 36 for testing at power up. 715,  Data Processing: Presentation Processing of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and Screen Saver Display Processing,   subclass 866 for operator interface configuring. 718,  Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Virtual Machine Task or Process Management or Task Management/Control,   subclasses 107 through 108for multitasking and context switching under task management and control.

150	MULTIPLE COMPUTER COMMUNICATION USING CRYPTOGRAPHY:
	Subject matter for cryptographically protecting the transfer of data among a plurality of spatially distributed (i.e., situated at different locations) computers or digital data processing systems via one or more communications media (e.g., computer networks) wherein the computers or digital data processing systems employ the data in data processing before or after the transferring, and wherein the transferring affects the data transfer between the computers. (1) Note. Excluded herein is subject matter related to computer or data processing security having only nominal recitation of cryptographic processing such as encrypting, scrambling, etc. Such nominal recitation of cryptography combined with computer or data processing security is classified elsewhere. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 201, for computer network security in general or in combination with nominal cryptography. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 380,  Cryptography,   art collections FOR 149 and FOR 150 for cryptographic igital signal handling which may include cryptographic computer communication. 709,  Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer Data Transferring or Plural Processor Synchronization,   appropriate subclassesfor multiple computer data transferring absent cryptography, particularly subclasses 225 for controlled network access without cryptographic technique, 226 for network resource allocating without cryptographic technique, and subclass 229 for trusted authority authentication for access to network resources without cryptographic technique.

151	Protection of a particular protocol layer:
	This subclass is indented under 150.  Subject matter wherein the protection of the data transfer occurs at a specified stack model level.

152	Application layer security:
	This subclass is indented under 151.  Subject matter wherein protection occurs at the highest stack model level. (1) Note. This includes security for data transfer applications such as e-mail or FTP.

153	Particular node (e.g., gateway, bridge, router, etc.) for directing data and applying cryptography:
	This subclass is indented under 150.  Subject matter wherein cryptographic protection of data is effected by a distinct element directing the data transfer among the spatially distributed computers. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 370,  Multiplex Communications,   subclasses 351 through 430for multiplex communication routing absent cryptography. 705,  Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/Price Determination,   subclass 79 for cryptographic remote charge determination of a secure transaction including payment switch or gateway. 709,  Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer Data Transferring or Plural Processor Synchronization,   subclasses 238 through 244computer to computer data routing.

154	Including filtering based on content or address:
	This subclass is indented under 153.  Subject matter wherein the distinct element screens the data for particular subject matter or network location designation.

155	Central trusted authority provides computer authentication:
	This subclass is indented under 150.  Subject matter wherein a single source confirms the legitimacy of a computer on the network or provides logon authorization. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 380,  Cryptography,   subclass 229 for video signal modification which is record or coin controlled and includes authentication, subclass 232 for video signal modification which has usage or charge determination including authentication, subclasses 247 - 250 for cellular phone cryptographic authentication, and subclass 258 for a communication system which is position dependent or has authentication. 705,  Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/Price Determination,   subclass 67 for secure transaction cryptographic processing (e.g., EFT/POS) including authentication. 709,  Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer Data Transferring or Plural Processor Synchronization,   appropriate subclassesfor multiple computer data transferring absent cryptography, particularly subclasses 225 for controlled network access without cryptographic technique, 226 for network resource allocating without cryptographic technique, and subclass 229 for trusted authority authentication for access to network resources without cryptographic technique.

156	By certificate:
	This subclass is indented under 155.  Subject matter wherein the single source provides digital information attesting to a network computers legitimacy. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 175, for generation of a certificate.

157	Chain or hierarchical certificates:
	This subclass is indented under 156.  Subject matter wherein a certificate references another certificate.

158	Revocation or expiration:
	This subclass is indented under 156.  Subject matter wherein a single source provides information invalidating a previously issued certificate.

159	Including intelligent token:
	This subclass is indented under 155.  Subject matter wherein the authentication includes a portable carrier with data processing capability. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 172, 173, and 174 for generic authentication using intelligent token in multiple computer communication. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 380,  Cryptography,   subclass 229 for authentication in a video system using a record or token. 705,  Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/Price Determination,   subclasses 65 through 69for secure transaction including intelligent token.

160	Packet header designating cryptographically protected data:
	This subclass is indented under 150.  Subject matter wherein the data transfer uses an integral unit including information indicating that the associated data is encrypted or signed. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 370,  Multiplex Communications,   subclasses 351 through 430for pathfinding or routing in multiplexing systems. 709,  Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer Data Transferring or Plural Processor Synchronization,   subclass 236 for computer to computer data framing.

161	Data authentication:
	This subclass is indented under 160.  Subject matter wherein the integral unit includes information to attest to the integrity of the data transferred. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 155+, for multiple computer communication using cryptography having central trusted authority providing computer authentication, and subclasses 168- 181 for multiple computer communication using cryptography having particular communication authentication technique. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 380,  Cryptography,   subclass 229 for video signal modification which is record or coin controlled and includes authentication, subclass 232 for video signal modification which has usage or charge determination including authentication, subclasses 247-250 for cellular phone cryptographic authentication, and subclass 258 for a communication system which is position dependent or has authentication. 705,  Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/Price Determination,   subclass 67 for secure transaction cryptographic processing (e.g., EFT/POS) including authentication. 714,  Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,   subclasses 746 -797 for digital data error correction and subclasses 799-824 for digital data error detection

162	Having particular address related cryptography:
	This subclass is indented under 150.  Subject matter including a specific network location designation associated with cryptographic protection. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 709,  Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multicomputer Data Transferring or Plural Processor Synchronization,   subclass 245 for computer to computer data addressing.

163	Multicast:
	This subclass is indented under 162.  Subject matter wherein a group of users is selectively addressed.

164	Security kernel or utility:
	This subclass is indented under 150.  Subject matter wherein cryptographic protection of a computer network is provided by a portion of an operating system or a program dedicated to a specific system function. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 718,  Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Virtual Machine Task or Process Management or Task Management/Control,   appropriate subclassesfor computer task management and control.

165	File protection:
	This subclass is indented under 164.  Subject matter wherein the kernel or utility implements a file security system.

166	Security levels:
	This subclass is indented under 164.  Subject matter wherein the kernel or utility controls access to distinct tiers of system protection.

167	Object protection:
	This subclass is indented under 164.  Subject matter wherein the kernel or utility provides protection of or access to an integrated structure of data and routines is provided.

168	Particular communication authentication technique:
	This subclass is indented under 150.  Subject matter wherein the data processing before or after the transferring provides indication of a genuine transmission or reception of information or related entity. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 155, and 156-159 for multiple computer communication using cryptography having central trusted authority providing computer authentication, and subclass 161 for multiple computer communication using cryptography where packet header denotes cryptographically protected data and having data authentication SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 380,  Cryptography,   subclass 229 for video signal modification which is record or coin controlled and includes authentication, subclass 232 for video signal modification which has usage or charge determination including authentication, subclasses 247-250 for cellular phone cryptographic authentication, and subclass 258 for a communication system which is position dependent or has authentication. 705,  Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/Price Determination,   subclass 67 for secure transaction cryptographic processing (e.g., EFT/POS) including authentication.

169	Mutual entity authentication:
	This subclass is indented under 168.  Subject matter wherein both a transmission and reception entity are determined to be genuine by each other.

170	Authentication of an entity and a message:
	This subclass is indented under 168.  Subject matter wherein a transmission or reception entity and a corresponding message are determined to be genuine.

171	Having key exchange:
	This subclass is indented under 168.  Subject matter wherein the transmission and reception entities exchange information during authentication which establishes an operational key. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 380,  Cryptography,   subclasses 47 -227 for generic key management.

172	Intelligent token:
	This subclass is indented under 168.  Subject matter wherein a transmission or reception entity is a portable carrier with data processing capability. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 380,  Cryptography,   subclasses 227 -230 for video electric signal modification using an intelligent token at the receiver. 705,  Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/Price Determination,   subclasses 65 through 69for secure transaction using intelligent token.

173	Pre-loaded with certificate:
	This subclass is indented under 172.  Subject matter wherein the portable carrier stores information attesting to the authenticity of a variable or parameter involved in the authentication. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 705,  Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/Price Determination,   subclass 66 for secure transaction intelligent token initializing.

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