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CLASS 708,	ELECTRICAL COMPUTERS: ARITHMETIC PROCESSING AND CALCULATING
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE CLASS SUBJECT MATTER

This is the generic class for electrical apparatus and corresponding methods for performing calculation operations.

SCOPE OF THE CLASS

THIS CLASS IS STRUCTURED INTO THREE MAIN DIVISIONS:

A. Electrical Hybrid Calculating Computers

B. Electrical Digital Calculating Computers

C. Electrical Analog Calculating Computers

SECTION II - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SECTION III - GLOSSARY

CALCULATION OPERATIONS

Arithmetic or some limited logic operations performed upon or with signals representing numbers or values. These include arithmetic and related logic operations. A related logic operation is one that is associated with arithmetic computations.

DISCRETE ELECTRICAL SIGNAL

Discontinuous signals which can assume only a finite number of states.

NUMERICAL DIGITS

Symbols that represent a specific quantity or amount of units.

SUBCLASSES

1	ELECTRICAL HYBRID CALCULATING COMPUTER:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein a calculation operation is performed either simultaneously or sequentially upon at least one analog and at least one digital signal or wherein either the analog or digital signal is involved in a calculation operation on the other signal. (1) Note. This subclass does not include the mere conversion from one signal format to another, which conversion has no part in the above calculation operation. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 100+, for electrical digital calculating computers. 800+, for electrical analog calculating computers.

2	Plural complete computers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter which includes at least one complete analog computer and one complete digital computer.

3	Particular function performed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter directed to a particular function performed by hybrid computer or subcombination thereof in making computation. (1) Note. For classification herein, the function performed must be significantly claimed in making a computation.

4	Evaluation of trigonometric function:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter wherein the function performed is the processing of signal to either determine a trigonometric relationship or to operate on a signal in accordance with a trigonometric relationship. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 440, and 811+ for electrical digital or electrical analog computers which perform the function of evaluation of trigonometric functions.

5	Correlation, convolution, or transformation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter wherein the function performed is cross-correlation, autocorrelation, cross-convolution, autoconvolution or transforming a given representation of a data signal to another representation without loss of information by an orthogonal transformation. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 400+, 420+, 422+, 813+, and 820+ for electrical digital or analog computers which perform the function of correlation, convolution or transformation.

6	Integration or differentiation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter wherein the function performed is integration or differentiation of at least one of a plurality of input signals. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 443, and 444, for electrical digital calculating differentiation and integration, respectively computers which perform. 822, and 823+, for electrical analog computers which perform differentiation and integration, respectively.

7	Multiplication or division:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter wherein the function performed is multiplication or division to produce a product or quotient from at least two input signals. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 620+, and 650+, for electrical digital computers for performing the function of multiplication or division. 835+, and 844, for electrical analog computers for performing the function of multiplication or division.

8	Function generation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter wherein the function performed is the generation of at least one signal by mathematical operation or as part of a mathematical operation generates a signal representing a function of at least one variable input parameter. (1) Note. This subclass includes a waveform synthesizer wherein the waveform is internally generated. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 270+, and 845+, for electrical digital or electrical analog computers which perform the function of function generation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 327,  Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems,   subclasses 100+ for miscellaneous signal converting, shaping, or generating circuits.

9	Piece-wise linear synthesis:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Subject matter wherein the desired function is approximated by a series of segments of straight lines. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 846+, for analog computer piece-wise linear synthesis.

100	ELECTRICAL DIGITAL CALCULATING COMPUTER:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein a calculation operation is performed upon discrete electrical signals representing a value normally described by numerical digits. (1) Note. The value described includes a value represented by a pulse repetition rate. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 1+, for electrical hybrid calculating computers. 800+, for electrical analog calculating computers. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 326,  Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,   appropriate subclasses for digital logic devices.

101	Pulse repetition rate:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 100.  Subject matter wherein quantities are determinable from the pulse repetition frequency of the discrete electrical signal. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 341,  Coded Data Generation or Conversion,   subclasses 54+ for digital conversion where a bit is represented by a discrete frequency.

102	Digital differential analyzer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 101.  Subject matter utilized as a digital differential analyzer. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 804, for analog differential analyzers.

103	Multiplication or division:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 101.  Subject matter wherein the operation performed on an electrical signal is multiplication or division. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 327,  Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems,   subclasses 113+ for miscellaneous frequency control. 332,  Modulators,   subclasses 112+ for pulse frequency modulators. 377,  Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems,   appropriate subclasses for pulse dividing and multiplying circuits.

104	Plural complete computers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 100.  Subject matter which includes at least two complete digital computers. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2, for a hybrid computer formed from plural complete computers. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 700,  Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications,   subclasses 2 through 7for plural programmable computers used in a generic control system.

105	Combined with diverse art device:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 100.  Subject matter which includes a diverse art device having a noncalculating function, with common structure utilized in performing the calculating and the noncalculating functions, or an integrated unit into which the computer and diverse art device are embodied. (1) Note. Search the art area of the diverse device for the details of the diverse device which are claimed.

106	Checkbook:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Subject matter where the diverse device is a checkbook. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 283,  Printed Matter,   subclass 58 for banking checks, per se.

107	Writing instrument (e.g., pen):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Subject matter where the diverse device is utilized for a hand-held marking purpose. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 401,  Coating Implements With Material Supply,   appropriate subclasses for pens or pencils, per se.

108	Tape recorder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Subject matter where the diverse device is a tape recorder. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 360,  Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,   appropriate subclasses, for detail of a magnetic tape recorder, per se.

109	Communication device (e.g., telephone, radio, television):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Subject matter where the diverse device transfers information between distant points. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 348,  Television,   subclass 552 for particular television structure combined with a calculator. 379,  Telephonic Communications,   subclass 110.01 for particular telephonic substation structure combined with a calculator. 455,  Telecommunications,   subclasses 344+ for particular receiver or analog modulated signal frequency converter structure combined with a calculator.

110	Business device (e.g., billing, memorandum):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Subject matter where the diverse device is used in the conducting of trade. (1) Note. Typical of subject matter found here would be a calculator of generic utility combined with a customer billing device. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 705,  Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/Price Determination,   appropriate subclasses for data processing systems exclusively designed for or utilized in a business environment.

111	Horological device:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Subject matter where the diverse device measures or indicates time. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 368,  Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices,   subclass 10 for a nominal digital calculating computer in combination with a horological device.

112	Calendar:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.  Subject matter where the horological device provides indication of a day of the week or a date. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 368,  Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices,   subclasses 28+ for a calendar indicator, per se.

130	Programmable calculator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 100.  Subject matter which includes a calculator that is programmable. (1) Note. Calculator does not include general purpose computers but is restricted to the limited capacity calculator such as desk calculator or a pocket calculator. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 713,  Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Support,   subclass 321 for a programmable calculator with power saving feature.

131	Having specialized input:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 100.  Subject matter with specialized input in conjunction with calculation portion. (1) Note. For classification herein, the calculating portion must be a significant component and the input to the calculating portion must be more than nominally recited. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 200,  Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,   subclass 5 for a multiple switch assembly, per se. 235,  Registers,   subclasses 145+ for keyboards. 341,  Coded Data Generation or Conversion,   subclasses 22+ for a keyboard controlled code transmitting device. 345,  Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems,   subclasses 156+ for display peripheral interface input device. 348,  Television,   subclass 552 for video input devices for computers. 710,  Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output,   appropriate subclasses for input/output and bus data processing.

132	Having supplemental environment related input:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 131.  Subject matter where input unique to a particular art area can be provided in addition to normal calculator input. (1) Note. Typically found here is non-numeric environment related input.

133	Cooking:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 132.  Subject matter where the supplemental input relates to the preparation of food for consumption. (1) Note. Typical of subject matter found here is nonnumeric input designating a particular food to be cooked. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 99,  Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,   subclasses 324+ for particular cooking apparatus.

134	Business:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 132.  Subject matter where the supplemental input relates to the conduct of trade. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 705,  Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/Price Determination,   appropriate subclasses for data processing systems exclusively designed for or utilized in a business environment.

135	For security:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 131.  Subject matter where a specialized input controls accessing of the calculating computer. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 726,  Information Security,   subclasses 1 through 36for information security in computers or digital processing system.

136	Input verification:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 131.  Subject matter where the specialized input provides a check of intended versus actual input.

137	Fraction input:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 131.  Subject matter where the specialized input permits entry of a fraction.

138	Flexible input:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 131.  Subject matter in which some portion of the input is made nonrigid to facilitate data entry.

139	Including specific computing system interconnection:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 131.  Subject matter for specific structure within the specialized input serving as an interface between the device actually manipulated by the operator and computing circuitry. (1) Note. Included here would be keyboard input which includes specific structure linking the keyboard, per se, with computing circuitry, for example.

140	Modular or overlay:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 131.  Subject matter where plug-in modules or overlays are utilized to effect data input.

141	Including specific nonkeyboard-type information entry:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 131.  Subject matter where information ultimately conveyed to the calculating portion is produced by a particular device not having plural individually actuatable keys.

142	Including specific keyboard-type information entry:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 131.  Subject matter where information ultimately conveyed to the calculating portion is produced by a particular device having plural individually actuatable keys. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 200,  Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,   appropriate subclasses for switches, per se. 341,  Coded Data Generation or Conversion,   subclasses 22+ for a keyboard controlled code transmitting device. 345,  Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems,   subclasses 168+ for display peripheral interface input device including keyboard.

143	Nonmechanical key actuation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 142.  Subject matter where input keys are operated by other than a push and release sequence (e.g., magnetic activation). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 335,  Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets,   appropriate subclasses for magnetic switches, per se. 337,  Electricity: Electrothermally or Thermally Actuated Switches,   appropriate subclasses for thermal switches per se.

144	User definable key:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 142.  Subject matter in which the user defines the function associated with a keyboard key. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 345,  Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems,   subclass 172 for a display peripheral keyboard having a programmable function key.

145	Plural function key:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 142.  Subject matter where a keyboard key has plurality of selectable predetermined functions associated with it.

146	Key sequencing (i.e., sequence defines function):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 142.  Subject matter where the order in which a plurality of keys is actuated determines the function to be performed.

160	Having specialized output:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 100.  Subject matter with specialized output in conjunction with calculating portion. (1) Note. For classification herein, the calculating portion must be a significant component and the output from the calculating portion must be more than nominally recited. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 340,  Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 815.4+ for visual indicators. 345,  Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems,   appropriate subclasses for selective visual display systems and computer graphics processing. 710,  Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output,   appropriate subclasses for input/output and bus data processing.

161	Having supplemental environment related output:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 160.  Subject matter where output unique to a particular art area can be provided in addition to normal calculator output. (1) Note. Typically found here is non-numeric environment related output.

162	Teaching:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 161.  Subject matter where the supplemental output relates to education. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 434,  Education and Demonstration,   appropriate subclasses for instructional devices, per se.

163	Business:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 161.  Subject matter where the supplemental output relates to the conduct of trade. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 705,  Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/Price Determination,   appropriate subclasses for data processing systems exclusively designed for or utilized in a business environment.

164	Output verification:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 160.  Subject matter in which the output is provided in a form permitting checking thereof (e.g., trace).

165	Blanking:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 160.  Subject matter where the specialized output has provision for suppressing a selected portion of the output.

166	Zero suppression:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 165.  Subject matter wherein the blanking means has zero suppression capability.

167	Prompting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 160.  Subject matter where the specialized output provides the user with guidance regarding future information entry.

168	Selective output:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 160.  Subject matter where the specialized output permits choosing the desired output from a plurality of candidates. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 174, for multiple simultaneous outputs.

169	Sequential output:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 160.  Subject matter where the specialized output provides successive portions of a desired output one at a time.

170	Using particular format:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 160.  Subject matter where the specialized output provides the output in a specified form. (1) Note. The particular format might be engineering notation or floating point, for example.