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CLASS 706,	DATA PROCESSING - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE CLASS SUBJECT MATTER

This is a generic class for artificial intelligence type computers and digital data processing systems and corresponding data processing methods and products for emulation of intelligence (i.e., knowledge based systems, reasoning systems, and knowledge acquisition systems); and including systems for reasoning with uncertainty (e.g., fuzzy logic systems), adaptive systems, machine learning systems, and artificial neural networks.

SECTION II - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SECTION III - GLOSSARY

The terms below have been defined for purposes of classification in this class and are shown in underline type when used in the class and subclass definitions When these terms are not underlined in the definitions, the meaning is not restricted to the glossary definitions below.

COMPUTER

A machine that inputs data, processes data,stores data and outputs data.

COMPUTER PROGRAM

An algorithm and data structures constituting a set of instructions in some computer language, intended to be executed on a computer to perform a useful task.

COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIA

Physical material on which data bits are read and written by a computer; excluding paper and other non-computer written media.

DATA

Representation of information in a coded manner suitable for communication, interpretation or processing.

DATA PROCESSING

See PROCESSING, below

GENERAL PURPOSE DIGITAL COMPUTER

Digital computer having a single central processing unit, primarily storage, at least one input device, and a display media.

INFORMATION

Meaning that a human being assigns to data by means of conventions applied to that data.

MEMORY

A functional unit to which data can be stored and which data can be retrieved.

MODULAR NEURAL NETWORK

A system of plural neural networks, often of heterogeneous types; e.g., self-organizing network connected to a feedforward network.

NEURAL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

Neural Network Topology and functions computed by the neuron processors.

NEURAL NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Interconnection pattern between neuron processors.

PERIPHERAL

A functional unit that transmits data to or receives data from a computer to which it is coupled

PROCESSING

Methods or apparatus performing systematic operations upon data or information exemplified by functions such as data or information transferring, merging, sorting and computing (i.e., arithmetic operations or logical operations).

PROCESSOR

A functional unit that interprets and executes instruction data.

SUBCLASSES

1	FUZZY LOGIC HARDWARE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising a specific circuit arrangement for performing approximate reasoning where truth values and quantifiers are represented by possibility distributions. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 52, for knowledge processing system using fuzzy logic and having no fuzzy logic hardware. 900, for cross-reference art collection of a data processing system having fuzzy logic data processing. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 326,  Electrical Digital Logic Circuitry,   subclasses 59+ for logic circuits responsive to three or more logic signal states, or produces three or more different output logic signal states.

2	Fuzzy neural network:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter comprising interconnected processors that perform the approximate reasoning. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 15+, for neural networks having no fuzzy logic hardware.

3	Analog fuzzy computer (e.g., controller):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter wherein the circuit arrangement comprises electrical components that perform arithmetic operations upon electrical signals, which are continuously varying representations of physical quantities or which are some function of quantities. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 700,  Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications,   subclass 50 for adaptive control using fuzzy logic. 701,  Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative Location,   subclass 27 for automatic route guidance using fuzzy logic. 708,  Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating,   subclasses 800 through 854for electric analog computers.

4	Digital fuzzy computer (e.g., controller):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter wherein the circuit arrangement comprises electrical components that perform calculation upon discrete electrical signals representing a value normally described by numerical digits. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 708,  Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating,   subclasses 100 through 714for digital calculating computers.

5	Having function generator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter wherein the circuit arrangement contains an electrical device capable of producing one or more functions for fuzzy sets. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 7, for fuzzy logic hardware having a function calculator.

6	By neural network:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Subject matter wherein the function generator is controlled by a parallel distributed processing processor constructed in hardware or simulated in software. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 15+, for neural networks having no fuzzy logic hardware.

7	Having a function calculator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter wherein the circuit arrangement contains at least a function calculator. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 5+, for fuzzy logic hardware having a function generator.

8	Fuzzy inference processing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter wherein a conclusion is deduced from a set of rules based on the approximate reasoning.

9	Defuzzification processing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter wherein the circuit arrangement produces a crisp value for a conclusion.

10	PLURAL PROCESSING SYSTEMS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising (1) computers that emulate intelligence connected in parallel or distributed arrangement, or (2) a compound system having as least one significant artificial intelligence system. (1) Note. This subclass includes (1) distributed intelligent agent architectures and cooperative distributed problem solving systems, (2) plural reasoning methods, i.e., intelligent hybrid processing systems, and (3) multi-tasking intelligent processing systems. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 15+, for neural network having no fuzzy logic hardware. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 712,  Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing (e.g., Processors),   subclasses 1 through 43for processing architecture.

11	HAVING PARTICULAR USER INTERFACE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein presentation of data to a computer operator of a system contains components that enable interaction by (1) nonverbal representations or symbols or (2) statements in standard English syntax (1) Note. This subclass includes intelligent processing systems having a hypertext/hypermedia component, a s:graphical user interface component, a natural language component, or a speech interface component. (2) Note. This subclass includes interface agent systems, personal assistant systems, and intelligent help systems. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 61, for modification of knowledge processing system using a tool. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 345,  Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems,   subclasses 418 through 475for computer graphics processing. 715,  Data Processing: Presentation Processing of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and Screen Saver Display Processing,   subclasses 700 through 866for a computer operator interface.

12	MACHINE LEARNING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein a system has the capability to automatically add to its current integrated collection of facts and relationships. (1) Note. This subclass includes induction, deduction, applications involving learning (i.e., data mining and knowledge discovery) and statistical learning techniques. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 14, for adaptive complex information processing system. 16+, for neural network learning task. 25, for neural network learning method

13	Genetic algorithm and genetic programming system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Subject matter wherein a system uses a sequence of steps that (1) starts with a group of solutions to a problem, (2) represents each solution as a coded data string, (3) divides and splices a coded data string to create new solutions, and (4) determines fitness of the new solutions. (1) Note. This subclass includes evolutionary programming (i.e., learn-acquire knowledge, adapt-adjust).

14	ADAPTIVE SYSTEM:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein (1) a system continually adjusts its own set of rules (e.g., learns by example) or (2) a system that evolves in any way into a system which continually adjusts its own set of rules. (1) Note. This subclass includes tuning membership functions and neural networks that continue to learn after they have been trained (i.e., relearning).

15	NEURAL NETWORK:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including a system which comprises a parallel process performed by a distributed architecture that learns to recognize and classify input data and is (1) constructed in hardware, (2) emulated in software, or (3) a combination of hardware construction and emulation software. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2, for fuzzy neural network SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 700,  Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications,   subclass 48 for a neural network used in a control system. 704,  Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,   subclasses 202+ for neural network in speech signal processing storage, subclasses 232+ for neural network in speech signal processing recognition and subclasses 259+ for neural network in speech signal processing synthesis.

16	Learning task:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Subject matter wherein the system is trained to accomplish a specific application. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 12, for machine learning.

17	Approximation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Subject matter wherein the system estimates a solution to a function from input data. (1) Note. This subclass includes transformation and function approximation.

18	Association:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Subject matter wherein the system learns to identify stored patterns similar to input patterns. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 20, for neural network having learning task classification or recognition.

19	Constraint optimization problem solving:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Subject matter wherein the system finds a best solution from specific input data.

20	Classification or recognition:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Subject matter wherein the system learns to categorize or identify input data. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 18, for neural network having learning task association.

21	Prediction:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Subject matter wherein the system learns to forecast future patterns from input patterns.

22	Signal processing (e.g., filter):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Subject matter wherein the system intentionally changes characteristics of a conveyer of information.

23	Control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Subject matter wherein the system models, monitors, or regulates a physical system. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 903+, for cross reference art collection of an artificial intelligence system having details of control. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 700,  Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications,   subclasses 1 through 89for generic data processing control systems, per se.

24	Beamforming(e.g., target location, radar):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Subject matter wherein the system decides correct direction for a collection of parallel rays. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 250,  Radiant Energy,   various subclasses for methods and apparatus involving radiant energy. 342,  Communication: Directive Radio Wave and Devices (e.g. Radar, Radio Navigation),   various subclasses for transmission or reception of radio wave energy for obtaining or utilizing information. 359,  Optics: Systems and Elements,   various subclasses for optical elements and optical systems not elsewhere classified.

25	Learning method:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Subject matter wherein the system acquires its internal set of rules. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 12, for machine learning.

26	Structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Subject matter wherein the system contains construction details of processors or their interconnections. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 326,  Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,   subclasses 36+ for threshold (e.g., majority) digital logic which may be utilizable for neural networks.

27	Architecture:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 26.  Subject matter wherein the structure (1) are organized for a specific network topology or (2) use neural processors to perform specific transform functions. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 712,  Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing (e.g., Processors),   subclasses 1 through 43for processing architecture, in general.

28	Modular:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 27.  Subject matter wherein the architecture comprises a plurality of identical modules of neural networks.

29	Lattice:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 27.  Subject matter wherein the architecture comprises a plurality of locally interconnected neuron processors.

30	Recurrent:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 27.  Subject matter wherein the architecture comprises feedback interconnections.

31	Multilayer feedforward:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 27.  Subject matter wherein the architecture comprises two or more groups of neural processors, where at least one group of neural processors bypasses a group of neural processors.

32	Single-layer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 27.  Subject matter wherein the architecture comprises one group of processors.

33	Semiconductor neural network:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 26.  Subject matter wherein the structure contains a solid or liquid electronic conductor in which an electrical charge carrier concentration increases with increasing temperature over a temperature range. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 257,  Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes),   various subclasses for semiconductor devices, per se.

34	Hybrid network (i.e., analog and digital):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 26.  Subject matter wherein the structure contains analog and digital components.

35	Using pulse modulation:
	Subject matter undersubclass 34 wherein the hybrid network uses an electrical voltage having a definite rise and decay that varies in amplitude, frequency or phase. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 332,  Modulators,   subclasses 106+ for pulse modulators, per se.

36	Having multiplying digital-to-analog converter:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter wherein the hybrid network contains a device that (1) outputs a product of a magnitude represented by two or more input signals and (2) changes pulse(bit) signals to continuous signals. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 341,  Coded Data Generation or Conversion,   subclasses 126+ for analog to or from digital conversion, per se.

37	Having digital weight:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Subject matter wherein the hybrid network comprises interconnections of bits (maintained in a binary memory) that represent a numerical value as a function of bit position code word.

38	Analog neural network:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 26.  Subject matter wherein the structure comprises representations of numerical quantities by means of physical variables.

39	Modifiable weight:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 38.  Subject matter wherein the analog neural network comprises programmable or adjustable interconnections.

40	Radiant energy neural network:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 26.  Subject matter wherein the structure contains at least a source or detector of radiant wave energy. (1) Note. This subclass includes optical neural networks. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 359,  Optics: Systems and Elements,   subclasses 107+ for optical computing, per se. 382,  Image Analysis,   various subclasses for subject matter wherein an image is detected and significant analysis of an image is performed.

41	Digital neural network:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 26.  Subject matter wherein the structure contains a processing component that can assume only two values.

42	Parallel connection:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Subject matter comprising an interface in which all bits of data in a given byte are transferred simultaneously, using separate data lines for each bit.

43	Digital neuron processor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Subject matter wherein a node of the system comprises logic circuitry that assumes binary values.

44	Neural simulation environment:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Subject matter comprising an apparatus (or method) for developing substitution or testing of actual operational conditions of the system using a general purpose digital computer. (1) Note. This subclass includes neural network shells and tools. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 60, for knowledge processing tools. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 703,  Data Processing: Structural Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Emulation,   appropriate subclasses. 717,  Data Processing: Software Development, Installation, and Management,   subclasses 100 through 167for software program development tools.

45	KNOWLEDGE PROCESSING SYSTEM:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein a system comprises specific domain data that (1) is integrated as a collection of facts and relationships (i.e., knowledge representation) and (2) applies a reasoning technique. (1) Note. This subclass and subclasses indented hereunder provide for details of (1) expert systems or (2) operation of expert systems (either stand alone expert systems or expert systems interacting with other systems). (2) Note. This subclass and subclasses indented hereunder provide for creation and maintenance of expert systems. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 700,  Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications,   subclass 49 for a knowledge processing (e.g., an expert system) adaptive control.

46	Knowledge representation and reasoning technique:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Subject matter wherein a process or system uses a specific (1) method or system for processing the integrated collection of facts and relationships, (2) inferencing method or system, (3) method or system for interconnecting parts of an expert system, (4) internal or external structured data accessing method or system, or (5) method or system for searching the integrated collection of facts and relationships.

47	Rule-based reasoning system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Subject matter comprising an inferencing method or system using logic processing that (1) starts with a set of known facts and applies rules to the facts until no new facts are generated (i.e., forward chaining), or (2) starts with a goal, finds rules to fit the goal, and checks to determine if known facts fit the rules (i.e., backward chaining). (1) Note. This subclass includes event-driven rule-based reasoning, hypothetical reasoning and rules having priority ordering.

48	Having specific pattern matching or control technique:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 47.  Subject matter comprising a system that (1) uses a reticular network algorithm of the collection of facts and relationships, (2) uses a hierarchy of collections (i.e., a higher level integrated collection of facts and relationships about a lower level integrated collection of facts and relationships) or (3) resolves conflicts to determine a firing order for rules.

49	Blackboard system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Subject matter comprising a specific method or system for interconnecting parts of the knowledge processing system and having a special memory (i.e., blackboard) that allows data from one part of the knowledge processing system to be written so that it can be accessed by other parts of the knowledge processing system.

50

Having specific management of a knowledge base:

This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Subject matter comprising a specific data accessing method or system (such as a database management or a lookup table) to access a database containing information of the knowledge processing system (i.e., knowledge base). (1) Note. This subclass includes storage and retrieval (e.g., KBMS, DBMS, content-addressable memory, table, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: