Class 526 provides for all processes of preparing polymers
from only ethylenically unsaturated monomers and for all products
thereof when such products and processes are not provided in higher
subclasses in the Class 260 schedule hierarchy.
In addition, Class 526 provides for certain polymerization
processes which are applicable to any type of reactant or monomer.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A. The following rules apply to claim classification in the
area encompassing subclasses 72 through 352.2 of this class.
(1) For purposes of clarification in this schedule, subclasses
59-238 will be deemed to be process subclasses, and subclasses 239-352.2
will be indicated as being product subclasses.
(2) Patents that claim a product and process, wherein both
the product and the process are specifically provided for in the
schedule, are classified in the process area (59-238) and cross-referenced
to the product area (239-352.2).
(3) Patents that claim a provided for process (59-238) and
a nonprovided for process (other than 89) but where the monomers
being polymerized are provided (239- 352.2) are classified in the
process area (59-238) and cross-referenced into the product area
on the basis of the first appearing monomer in the schedule that
is being polymerized (239-352.2).
(4) Patents that claim both a provided for (239-352.2) product
and a process of polymerizing (59-238) and wherein the product is
claimed in process terms are classified on the basis of the process
(59-238) and cross-referenced to the first appearing monomer in
the schedule utilized in preparing the polymer.
(5) Patents that claim a product solely in process terms are
classified on the basis of the process (59-238) when said process
is provided in the schedule and cross-referenced to the first appearing
monomer in the schedule utilized in preparing the polymer.
(6) Patents that claim a product in process terms and wherein
the process is not provided in subclasses (59-238) are classified
on the basis of the first appearing monomer in the schedule utilized
in preparing the polymer.
(7) Patents that claim a polymerizable composition or the
preparation of a polymerizable composition are classified on the
basis of the first apearing monomer (239-352.2) in the schedule
that is part of the polymerizable composition.
(8) Patents that claim a polymer only are classified on the
basis of the first appearing monomer in the schedule (239-352.2)
that has been polymerized in preparing the polymer.
(9) Patents that claim merely vulcanizing, curing, or cross-linking
of a polymer proper for this area, without the presence of a specified
vulcanizing, curing, or cross-linking agent, or the amount of the
chemical agent or the vulcanized, cured or cross-linked product
of such a reaction are classified on the basis of the first appearing monomer
in the schedule (239-352.2) that has been polymerized in preparing
the polymer.
(10) Patents that claim a polymer which is the result of a
degradation of a polymer proper for this area (239-352.2) and wherein
the degradation has been effected in the absence of any chemical
agent are classified on the basis of the initial first appearing
monomer in the schedule (239-352.2) that has been polymerized in
preparing the previously-formed polymer that is degraded.
(11) Each product subclass, subclasses 239-352.2 unless specifically
limites in its title, includes homopolymers and interpolymers.
(12) "Interpolymerized" as used throughout
the product area subclasses 239-352.2 includes all combinations
of the necessary monomers as required in the definition of the particular
subclass in combination with any other monomer not provided for
in a higher subclass of the schedule.
(13) A monomer for purposes of this subclass is a material
which occurs in a polymer as a repeating unit and is present in
at least three units and as used herein "monomer" is
meant to exclude catalyst residues, chain transfer agents, etc;
however, a nonethylenic carbohydrate or nonethylenic protein which
is present during polymerization of an ethylenic monomer and which
is described as chemically bonded to the polymer is proper subject matter
for Class 527, subclasses 313+.
(14) This subclass provides for processes wherein an ethylenically
unsaturated monomer is undergoing polymerization and concurrently
therewith is reacting with a second ethylenic material, which second
ethylenic material does not enter into the polymer backbone, e.g.,
polymerizing acrylic acid in the presence of allyl alcohol so that
the final polymer is a polymerized acrylic acid having ester groups
which are derived from the unsaturated alcohol.
(15) The sole requirement for the products of this subclass
is that the polymerization reaction involve only ethylenic unsaturated
monomers. Note, however, that the actual polymerization mechanism
need not involve the ethylenically unsaturated group (e.g., polymerization
of a glycidyl methylacrylate may involve the double bond in one
instance and in another instance may involve the ring opening of
the epoxy group, etc.).
(16) The treatment of a liquid polymer derived from an unsaturated
monomer which is to be further polymerized is regarded as involving
polymerization rather than as an after-treatment of a polymeric
polymer and is therefore classified in this area as against the
chemical after-treatment area, Class 525, subclasses 326.1+.
(17) In subclasses 239-352.2 each indent of a specific form
of "from monomer" only refers to species of that type
monomer and not to other monomers that may be interpolymerized therewith.
When other monomers which are not species of the "from
monomers" are to be taken into account the subclass has
been identified as "interpolymerized."
B. The following are lines relating to special subclasses:
(1) Subclasses 218.1+, 219.3+, 219.6
(1)
Note. A patent which recites a polymerization process which
utilizes (a) a material proper for subclasses 218.1+ in
combination with either a specified or nonspecified amount of "hydrocarbon
or halohydrocarbon" will not be classified in subclass
219.3 or its indents, but will be found in 219.6 or 218.1+;
proper, however, for subclass 219.3 or its indents is the situation
wherein when either the hydrocarbon or halohydrocarbon is defined
in some degree (e.g., dihalogenated, dibrominated, contains specified
chain length, boiling or freezing point range, etc.); (b) a "free
radical" catalyst with either a specified or nonspecified amount
of "hydrocarbon or halohydrocarbon" will be classified
with the polymer providing this was the only remaining basis for
classification.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter wherein a process parameter is determined
and some polymerization process parameter is altered in response
to the determination.
(1)
Note. A test or measurement performed by a human being with
a subsequent control operation is proper herein.
(2)
Note. Treating a material to a certain condition without
a defined inanimate measurement, test, inspection, or control (e.g.,
temperature, pH, etc.) is not proper subject matter for this subclass
and classification of such a process will be accorded on some other
basis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter wherein a polymerization process parameter
is altered in response to the composition or composition property
and wherein the composition property is other than density, per
se.
(1)
Note. Included within the definition of composition or composition
property is the determination of the identity of a component or
the relative amount of a component in a stream, electrical conductivity,
redox, potential, pH measurement, molecular weight, melt index, optical
properties, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Processes wherein a polymerization process parameter is
altered in response to a determination of temperature or pressure.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter wherein the polymerization reaction takes
place in (1) a reactor of specified material; or (2) a reactor part
is of a specified material; or (3)wherein the reactor or part of
the reactor has been treated in some manner.
(1)
Note. Specified material includes a recitation that the reactor
material be free from certain specified material.
(2)
Note. Included herein but not limited to the enumerated examples
are stainless steel and glass-lined reactors, reactor parts such
as titanium stirrers, and reactors that have been subjected to a
specified wash or the application of a coating material.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter wherein heat exchange or reduction of particle
size of a polymerizing polymer is effected by direct contact of
said polymerizing polymer with an inert-solid mass which solid is
not an internal part of the polymerization apparatus or of the processing
apparatus.
(1)
Note. "Inert-solid mass" includes steel shot
and ceramic rollers.
(2)
Note. This subclass does not include indirect cooling or heating
(e.g., cooling outside of reactor so as to cool reactor contents,
etc.).
for mixing, agitating, etc. of a polymerizing polymer
utilizing a stirrer or some other means which means or stirrer is
part of the apparatus or processing equipment.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter wherein polymerization is effected in a loop
or tubular reactor.
(1)
Note. A loop reactor for purposes of this subclass is an
apparatus wherein polymerization material is circulated in a continuous
path within a single or multicoiled or spiraled structure which
has at least one inlet and outlet means and at least one reaction
zone.
(2)
Note. A tubular reactor for purposes of this subclass is
an apparatus wherein polymerizable material flows in an essentially
linear direction in a tube or series of interconnected tubes, which tube
or tubes are of small diameter in relation to their length and wherein
each tube has at least one inlet and outlet means and one or more
polymerization reaction zones.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter wherein polymerization is effected in at
least two or more physically distinct zones, (e.g., regions, stages,
etc.) said zones being part of a single reactor which has a plurality
of such physically distinct zones or such zones may be part of separate
polymerization reactors which are interconnected at some point.
(1)
Note. For the most part patents herein relate to advancement
of polymerizing materials from one zone to another so as to effect
a progressive degree of polymerization and which are usually advanced
until the degree of polymerization is brought to the desired state.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein material (e.g., monomer, catalyst,
etc.) is added to a zone containing polymerizable material therein,
said polymerizable material being in a state undergoing active polymerization
and wherein said material is added in a sequential or incremental manner.
(1)
Note. "Sequential or incremental" addition
requires (1) the addition of material involving a halting, interruption,
or pausing in the addition of the same material followed by a resumption
of addition; or (2) the addition of materials to a polymerization
zone followed by the addition of materials distinct from the previous
material, or (3) the addition of disproportionate amounts of materials
so that the addition of one is completed prior to the completion
of the addition of the other material.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter wherein a portion of material is removed
from a zone wherein material is undergoing polymerization and the removed
material either with something added to it, removed from it, or
the removed material, per se, is added to a zone wherein an active polymerization
is occurring.
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter wherein monomer is removed from and recycled
back to an ongoing polymerization reaction zone.
(1)
Note. The removal herein need only involve a monomer. For
instance, removing material containing monomer admixed with diluent
and the recycling of both would be proper herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter wherein a catalyst or catalyst constituent
is removed from and recycled back to an ongoing polymerization zone.
(1)
Note. The removal herein need not solely involve a catalyst
or catalyst constituent. For instance, removing a catalyst admixed
with a diluent and the recycling of both would be proper herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter wherein a diluent or diluent component is
removed from and recycled back to an ongoing polymerization zone.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter wherein only nonpolymerizable material is
removed during the polymerization reaction.
(1)
Note. Excluded from this subclass is the removal of polymerized
materials admixed with nonpolymerized or nonpolymerizable material.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from ethylenically
unsaturated monomers only and processes of polymerizing same; polymerizing
compositions containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers only
and processes of preparing polymerizable compositions.
(1)
Note. This subclass provides for processes wherein an ethylenically
unsaturated monomer is undergoing polymerization and concurrently
therewith is reacting with a second ethylenic material, which second
ethylenic material does not enter into the polymer backbone, e.g.,
polymerizing acrylic acid in the presence of allyl alcohol so that
the final polymer is a polymerized acrylic acid having ester groups
which are derived from the unsaturated alcohol.
(2)
Note. The sole requirement for the products of this subclass
is that the polymerization reaction involve only ethylenic unsaturated
monomers. Note, however, that the actual polymerization mechanism
need not involve the ethylenically unsaturated group (e.g., polymerization of
a glycidyl methylacrylate may involve the double bond in one instance
and in another instance may involve the ring opening of the epoxy
group, etc.).
(3)
Note. This subclass and its indents provide for processes
for adding material to an ongoing polymerization process or where
preformed liquid polymers are further polymerized so as to form
a final polymerized product.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 242+ , for products resulting from or involving a polymer derived
from only ethylenic monomers reacted with an ethylenically unsaturated
reactant, or for products resulting from or involving a polymer derived
from at least only ethylenic monomers reacted in the presence of an
ethylenically unsaturated monomer. Subclasses 242+ also
provides for the processes of preparing products properly classifiable
within the subclass.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 480+ for processes of treating a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto and for chemically modifying materials other than the ethylenic
polymer. Subclasses 480+ also provide for the processes
of admixing with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter wherein the polymerization reaction is effected
using at least two different pressures or at least two different
temperatures.
(1)
Note. The temperature or pressure must be increased or decreased
under controlled conditions so that the temperature or pressure
is maintained for a definite period of time prior to the raising
or lowering of the temperature or pressure.
(2)
Note. The mere recitation of a range of temperatures or pressures
is not considered sufficient to be considered as being different
temperatures or pressures.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter wherein material that would normally form
during a polymerization reaction and which would clog or foul the
polymerization equipment is removed from or is prevented or inhibited
from forming by the use of a nonpolymerizable material, which material is
other than a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon used in solvent
or diluent amount.
(1)
Note. Included herein but not limited to the specific examples
are patents which specifically claim the use of materials to remove
or inhibit forming of fouling materials by solvents, surfactant
surface treatments during polymerization, or maintaining a fluid
film between the polymerization equipment and the polymerizing materials.
for processes of polymerizing in a specific diluent
or solvent wherein reaction buildup is alleviated by the inherent
use of a solvating material; and for processes of polymerizing in
a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon diluent together with a
specific material wherein the hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon
may prevent fouling of the reactor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter which includes the chemical synthesis of
a monomer or a prepolymer and subsequent polymerization thereof.
(1)
Note. A prepolymer for purposes of the subclass is a low-molecular-weight-polymeric
material prepared from a single source product and which is regarded as
an intermediate reactant rather than as a final product and which
is further polymerizable by a continuation of the same reaction
as used in preparing said prepolymer.
(2)
Note. Included herein are processes involving dimerization
or trimerization of monomer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter wherein the monomer or prepolymer is derived
from a petroleum fraction.
(1)
Note. Included herein are processes of recovering hydrocarbon
materials from a crude-natural source followed by a chemical reaction
(e.g., dimerization, etc.) and subsequent final polymerization.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter which includes the step of purifying the
ethylenic monomer.
(1)
Note. Purification for this subclass may be for any number
of reasons (e.g., removing impurities which inhibit polymerization,
removing impurities which may be undesirable in the final polymer, etc.).
(2)
Note. Included in this subclass are processes involving physical
treatments (e.g., distillation, sorbent extraction, etc.) as well
a processes involving chemical interaction of the impurity or undesired
constituents.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter wherein material which is added to a zone,
said zone containing material therein which is undergoing polymerization,
and the addition of the material is other than by the continuous
addition of the material contained in the initial change.
(1)
Note. For purposes herein, addition proper for this subclass
involves any of the following (1) the addition of material to a
polymerization zone and continuing the polymerization without any
subsequent addition, or (2) the addition of materials to a polymerization
zone followed by the addition of materials distinct from the previous
material either in whole-amount or in the addition of the same material
in different concentration, or (3) the addition of material to terminate
polymerization, or (4) the addition of material with the addition
involving a halting, interruption, pausing, or suspending of adding
material at any time during the polymerization reaction or (5) the
addition of a material to a zone wherein all of the other necessary
materials are present except the one being added.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter wherein the material is added in an incremental
or sequential manner.
(1)
Note. "Sequential or incremental" addition
requires (1) the addition of material involving a halting interruption,
or pausing in the addition of the same material followed by a resumption
of addition; or (2) the addition of materials to a polymerization
zone followed by the addition of material distinct from the previous materials;
or (3) the addition of disproportionate amounts of material so that the
addition of one is completed prior to the completion of the addition
of the other material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter wherein the added material terminates or
retards the polymerization reaction (e.g., polymerization inhibitor,
terminator, chain-transfer agent, short-stopper, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Subject matter wherein the added terminating or inhibiting
material contains a nitrogen-containing compound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Subject matter wherein the added terminating or retarding
material contains an oxygen-containing compound.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes the use of water, per se, as
a retarding or terminating agent.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter wherein the polymerization process involves
specific mixing, stirring, agitating, or the movement of material.
(1)
Note. Specified for purposes of this subclass requires the
naming of a movement-imparting rotor, stirrer, impeller or any other
device in terms of its specified dimension, design, size, or shape thereof,
or requires the recitation of a reactor of a design to facilitate
movement or agitation; or requires a positive recitation in the
claims as to velocity or designated time of mixing, said time being
either continuous or intermittent.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter wherein an ethylenically unsaturated monomer
is polymerized in the presence of a specified material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least one transition metal atom.
(1)
Note. "Transition metal" for purposes of this
subclass is limited to elements of atomic numbers 21-29, 39-47,
57-79, and 89 and higher and does not include Zn, Cd, and Hg. "Nontransition
metal" as used throughout this schedule is intended to
include all metals other than the transition metals.
(2)
Note.
(a)
Nontransition metal atom-to-carbon bond as used throughout
this schedule includes all compounds that contain at least one carbon
atom bonded to at least one nontransition metal atom.
(b)
Nontransition metal hydride as used through this schedule
includes all compounds that contain at least one hydrogen atom bonded
to at least one nontransition metal.
(c)
Included within the scope of compounds encompassed by the
definition of 2(a) and 2(b) above are those compounds having two
or more nontransition metal atoms wherein additionally one of said
atoms is bonded to a carbon or hydrogen atom and wherein one of said
nontransition metal atoms is not bonded to a hydrogen or carbon
atom.
(3)
Note.
(a)
Metal borohydrides (e.g., LiBH4, Ti(BH4)3,
etc.) are classified as if they are hydrides of boron and of the
metal atom.
(b)
Mixed metal hydrides (e.g., NaA1H4, (CaALH4)2,
etc.) are classified as if they are hydrides of aluminum and of
the other metal.
(c)
In those instances where a carbon atom has replaced at least
one or more hydrogen atoms of compounds as elaborated in 3(a) above,
then classification is made as if these compounds are alternatively
bonded to a boron atom and to a metal, and in those cases wherein
a carbon atom has replaced at least one or more hydrogen atoms of
compounds as elaborated in 3(b) above, then classification is made
as if these compounds are alternatively bonded to either one of
the metal atoms.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein transition material is in contact
with water during the polymerization reaction.
(1)
Note. The amount of water present during the polymerization
reaction is of no significance (e.g., diluent, catalyst, activator,
etc)..
(2)
Note. Water of hydration, per se, is not considered as being
water for this subclass.
(3)
Note. The use of a catalyst system or other material which
has been prepared in the presence of water is not proper for this
subclass unless it is understood that free water remains after the
material has been formed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein the transition metal atom is bonded
to at least one carbon atom; or wherein the transition metal material
is in admixture with a compound that contains at least one metal
atom bonded to a carbon atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein at least one atom is a Group VIII
metal (i.e., Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt).
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Subject matter wherein (1) the transition metal atom exists
as a part of a sulfur-containing organic compound; or (2) the transition
metal material is in admixture with an organic sulfur-containing
compound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains a
transition metal atom as part of a binary compound solely composed
of a single transition metal and oxygen.
(1)
Note. Included herein are supports for active ingredients
wherein the support may be an oxide of a transition metal (e.g.,
thoria, titania, etc.).
(2)
Note. Excluded from this subclass are the peroxides of a
transition metal.
(3)
Note. This subclass includes reaction products or reaction
mixtures of transition metal oxides wherein the surface of the transition
metal oxide may be modified (e.g., TiO2 chemically
bonded to TiCl4 on its surface) but wherein
the material is still regarded as being in oxide form.
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least two transition metal atoms, one of said transitional metal
atoms being in elemental form or as part of a nonbinary oxide compound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains a
nontransition metal in elemental form, or in the form of a hydride,
or as a compound wherein the nontransition metal is bonded directly
to a carbon atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains elemental
halogen or a nonmetal halogen-containing compound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least one aluminum compound having an aluminum atom bonded to halogen,
and wherein said same aluminum atom is not bonded to a carbon or
hydrogen atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least one nonmetallic, organic, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur or phosphorus-containing
compound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter wherein the specified material consists of
at least two transition metal oxides, at least two of said transition
metal oxides being other than oxides of Ti, Zr, Hf, or Th.
(1)
Note. Proper for this subclass are ternary systems containing
three transitional metal oxides wherein one of the oxides is of
Ti, Zr, Hf or Th and wherein the other two oxides are not of those
transition metals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains an
elemental nontransitional heavy metal or a compound of a nontransition
heavy metal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains an
oxide of a Group VIII metal, i.e., Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir,
Pt.
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains an
elemental nonheavy metal, or contains a hydride of a nonheavy metal,
or contains a compound having a nonheavy metal to carbon bond.
for processes of polymerizing in a reactor wherein
one of the reactor surfaces which contacts the polymerizing material
is a transition metal in elemental form.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains an
elemental transition metal in admixture with a compound that contains
an -O-O-group.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains an
elemental transition metal which is in admixture with a nontransition
metal, or is in admixture with a hydride of a nontransition metal,
or is in admixture with a compound of a nontransition metal wherein
a nontransition metal atom is directly bonded to a carbon atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least one nonmetallic material which contains a nitrogen, oxygen,
sulfur or phosphorus atom.
(1)
Note. Excluded from this area is the use of nitrogen or air
as merely carrier or blanket gases.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains an
elemental transition metal which is in admixture with a transition
metal compound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains (1)
two compounds having diverse transition metal atoms; or (2) a single
compound having at least two diverse transition metal atoms therein,
e.g.,
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains a
nontransition metal in elemental form, or contains a hydride of
a nontransition metal, or contains a compound of a nontransition
metal wherein a nontransition metal atom is directly bonded to a
carbon atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Subject matter wherein at least one of the transition atoms
present is a Group VIII element, i.e., Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os,
Ir, Pt.
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Subject matter wherein at least one of the transition metal
atoms present is a Group IVB atom and wherein at least one of the
different transition metal atoms present is a Group VB atom (e.g.,
TiCl4 and VOCL3, etc.).
(1)
Note. A Group IV atom is Ti, Zr, Hf. A Group VB atom is V,
Nb, Ta.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein at least one of the transition metal
atoms present is a Group VIII element, i.e., Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh,
Pd, Os, Ir, Pt.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least two different transition metal compounds, each of said compounds
containing the same transition metal atom.
(1)
Note. Excluded from this subclass are compositions containing
two or more distinct compounds of the same transition elements when
such compositions are the result of a reaction wherein a part of
the original transition metal compound is converted to a different
compound form (e.g., partial reduction of TiCl4 with
AlR3) to form a mixture of TiCl4 and
TiCl3, etc. However, a patent claim wherein
TiCl4 and TiCl3 are separately added would
be proper herein.
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