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 [Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 452]   CLASS 452,BUTCHERING
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class is limited to processes and apparatus for killing or dressing animals or fish for food or pelts and includes processes and apparatus for working with meat and not otherwise provided for, such as making and processing sausages, shirring sausage casings, cleaning intestines and tenderizing meat.

(1) Note. The illustrations provided herein are strictly exemplary of a type of subject matter which may be found in the subclasses and should not be construed as further limiting the written definitions.

SECTION II - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

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30, Cutlery,   appropriate subclasses for hand manipulated cutting tools adapted for use in butchering but capable of, and disclosed for a more general use.
53, Package Making,   appropriate subclasses for the packaging of meat or fish and subclass 517 in particular for the packaging of meat or fish involving reshaping the product by cutting.
83, Cutting,   appropriate subclasses, for a slicing or cutting means of general utility which may include meat cutting. If the cutting device "recognizes" the article being cut as a meat product it is classified here (Class 452). If, on the other hand, there is no special adaptation of the machine for handling a particular piece of meat (i.e., it could be used to slice any object) it is classified in Class 83. Thus, for example, a mere meat slicing machine such as is commonly used to slice lunch meat would be classified in Class 83. However, cutting devices such as splitters which are designed to move along the backbone of a carcass, or cutting devices designed to cut through bone, are classified in Class 452.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,   subclasses 324+ for apparatus for cooking meat products, subclass 342 for probes for internally testing meat for bruises, subclasses 419+ for skewers for meat products, and subclasses 485+ for apparatus for chemically treating meat products with an additive, particularly, subclass 494 for larding pins.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,   appropriate subclasses for meat comminutors.
249, Static Molds,   appropriate subclasses for static apparatus for molding ground meat products.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for dynamic apparatus for molding ground meat products (e.g., briquetters).
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products,   appropriate subclasses for processes of chemically treating meat, mixing diverse meat products, heat treating meat, and molding comminuted meat, or meat products, per se.

SECTION III - GLOSSARY

CARCASS

Includes the dead body of either a land or marine animal.

DRESSING

Includes the preparation of animals (land or marine) for eatable consumption.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 1]    1CRUSTACEAN (E.G., SHRIMP, CRAB, LOBSTER, CRAYFISH):
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Process or apparatus for dressing marine animals which have an exoskeleton.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 2]    2Shrimp processing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter particularly adapted for the dressing of small slender bodied marine decapod crustaceans of the suborder Natantia.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 3]    3Deveining:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter for removing the viscera known as the sand vein which is located under the shell and along the dorsal portion of a shrimp.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 4]    4Beheader:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter for severing the head from the body of a shrimp.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 5]    5Peeler:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter for removing the exoskeleton (i.e., outer shell) of shrimp.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 6]    6Hand tool:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Apparatus which are hand held and hand manipulated.

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2+,for shrimp processing hand tools.

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30, Cutlery,   subclass 120.1 for hand manipulated shell openers (e.g., nut shell openers).
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 7]    7Vibratory meat removal:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter relating to the separation of meat from shell by subjecting the crustacean to a rapid reciprocating movement.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 8]    8Meat removal by pressure differential:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter relating to the separation of meat from shell by creating a difference between fluid force acting on the shell and fluid forces acting on the meat.

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15,for devices which use a pressure differential to force open the shell of a mollusk.
116,for devices which use a pressure differential to eviscerate.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 9]    9Squeezing meat out:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter relating to the separation of meat from shell by applying an external force to the shell to forcibly expel the meat therefrom.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 10]    10Meat removal by centrifugal force:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter relating to the separation of meat from shell by constraining the crustacean to move curvilinearly and using the apparent force on the crustacean that is directed away from the center of curvature or axis of rotation to separate the meat from the shell.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 11]    11Claw lock:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Apparatus which are used to disable the pincers of crustaceans.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 12]    12MOLLUSK (E.G., OYSTER, CLAM, SQUID, MUSSEL, OCTOPUS, SNAIL, SLUG, SCALLOP):
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Method or apparatus for dressing marine animals of the phylum Mollusca which are invertebrates characterized by a soft unsegmented body enclosed in most instances partly or wholly in a calcareous shell of one or more pieces and having gills, a foot, and a mantle.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 13]    13Bivalve opener:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Subject matter for forcing apart or causing to part the thick shell portions of a clam, oyster, scallop, or other hard-shelled mollusk.

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29, Metal Working,   especially subclass 268 for disassembly of parts by a spreading tool.
81, Tools,   particularly subclasses 300+ for tool jaw(s) positioned by relatively movable plural handles (e.g., pliers) and subclass 487 for other tools having a work clamping jaw.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 14]    14With heat treatment:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Subject matter in which the bivalve is subjected to an elevated temperature to aid in the opening of the shell.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 15]    15By pressure differential:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Subject matter in which the bivalve is subjected to a difference in fluid pressure between the exterior and the interior of the shell to aid in the opening of the shell.

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8,for devices which use a pressure differential to separate the meat from the shell of a crustacean.
116,for devices which use a pressure differential to eviscerate.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 16]    16Support and wedge:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Apparatus including a surface which underlies, sustains, or holds the bivalve and a cutting or tapered tool which forces the shell halves apart.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 17]    17Hand tool:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Apparatus matter including an implement supported and manipulated by the hand of an operator for forcing or otherwise parting the shells of a bivalve.

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30, Cutlery,   subclass 120.1 for hand manipulated shell openers (e.g., nut shell openers).
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 18]    18Eviscerating:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Subject matter wherein the internal organs (i.e., viscera) of the body are separated from the remainder of the mollusk.
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses are the loci for scallop eviscerators.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 19]    19Pinching rollers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter in which viscera is separated from the remainder of the mollusk by oppositely rotating elements which grip the viscera to remove it.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 20]    20By fluid pressure:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter wherein the viscera is extracted from the mollusk by applying a vacuum, or an air or liquid stream against either the viscera or the edible material.

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8,for pressure differential type separation of the meat from the shell in a crustacean.
15,for a pressure differential type bivalve opener.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 21]    21SHIRRING OF CASING:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Method or apparatus in which a flexible tubular container of either natural or artificial material, used to encase ground foodstuffs, is gathered into pleats about a core or mandrel.

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53, Package Making,   appropriate subclasses for the packaging of shirred casing.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits,   subclass 118.1 for non-edible sausage casings, per se, including shirred casings, with more than nominal wall structure.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   appropriate subclasses for inedible casing making by bonding plural layers, and particularly subclass 203 for joining of a one piece blank along a seam to form a tube.
206, Special Receptacle or Package,   cross-reference art collection 802 for a collection of shirred sausage casing articles.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,   for methods of molding an inedible casing.
383, Flexible Bags,   subclass 120 for pleated bags.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,   subclasses 131.1+ for extrusion shaping apparatus for sausage casings.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products,   subclasses 132+ , particularly, subclass 135 for the combination of a sausage with an inedible casing, and subclasses 138+ for edible sausage casings, per se. Class 426 provides for sausage casings, and their method of manufacture when combined with an edible perfecting feature (e.g., smoke flavoring the casing)
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclass 34.8 for non-edible sausage casings with nominal wall structure.
493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,   subclasses 186+ for a method or apparatus for end-dressing sausage casings.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 22]    22Combined with sausage stuffing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.  Subject matter which additionally includes the filling of the food casing with a comminuted meat product.

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30+,for sausage making methods and apparatus, per se, which may include an already shirred casing.

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53, Package Making,   subclass 576 for forming a package on a hollow mandrel and subsequently stuffing that package.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 23]    23Multiple shirring devices operating simultaneously:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.  Subject matter which includes the shirring of plural food casings at the same time.
(1) Note. Most of the devices in this subclass include a timing mechanism which coordinates operation of the multiple shirring devices.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 24]    24Shirring head:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.  Subject matter in which particular significance is attributed to that portion of the apparatus which directly contacts the casing to form the pleats or causes the casing to be pleated in a specific manner.

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112, Sewing,   subclass 132 for the ruffling or pleating of fabric.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 25]    25Moves about axis parallel to shirring mandrel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Subject matter wherein the flexible casing moves and is pleated along an elongated rod or tube and the device which performs the pleating operation has at least one nonlinear component of motion which is in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the mandrel.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 26]    26Combined with twisting of casing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Subject matter including a means which causes the casing to rotate about the axis of the mandrel during or subsequent to the shirring operation so that the shirrs form a helical pattern along the casing.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 27]    27Fluid lubrication of casing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.  Subject matter which includes applying a liquid or gas to the casing to reduce frictional forces which would otherwise inhibit the shirring operation.
(1) Note. Included in this and indented subclasses is the application of a liquid lubricant to the casing or the introduction of pressurized air inside the casing to reduce friction between the mandrel and the casing.
(2) Note. Fluid treating of a casing other than for the sole purpose of lubrication is beyond the scope of this subclass.

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426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products,   for processes of applying coating materials to an edible casing perfecting the flavoring thereof (e.g., smoke flavoring)
427, Coating Processes,   subclasses 230+ for processes of applying a coating to nonedible sausage casings for purposes other than mere lubrication.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 28]    28Inflation pressure control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 27.  Subject matter wherein the lubricating fluid is a gas injected between the casing and the mandrel to expand the casing about the mandrel, the device further including a sensing means which regulates the amount of injected gas.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 29]    29Severing into discrete lengths:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.  Subject matter which includes, either before or after the shirring operation, a means to divide the casing into individual segments.

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83, Cutting,   subclasses 178+ for a cutting means of general utility adapted to be used on the inside of hollow work.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 30]    30SAUSAGE MAKING:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Method or apparatus used in the production of meat products consisting of a comminuted meat encased in a flexible wrapper.

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21,for a method or apparatus including shirring a sausage casing.
186,for stick-like supports for linked sausages used during smoke flavoring processes.

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53, Package Making,   appropriate subclasses for the packaging of meat products such as sausages and hot dogs and subclasses 255+ for inserting and guiding material into a container.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,   subclass 441 for apparatus for molding skinless sausage. Class 99, provides for sausage making apparatus which includes an edible perfecting operation, e.g., cooking, canning, smoking the casing, mixing with a diverse edible, etc.
100, Presses,   appropriate subclasses for presses not elsewhere provided for, and especially subclass 1 for binder applying methods and apparatus not otherwise provided for.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,   subclasses 461+ for extrusion devices which produce sausages or sausage-shaped articles.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products,   subclass 105 for sausages, per se. Class 426 provides for methods of sausage stuffing, linking, delinking, encasing or casing removal when combined with an edible perfecting operation, e.g., cooking, canning, smoking the casing, mixing with a diverse edible, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 31]    31Automatic control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter including means to sense a condition or change of condition with respect to either the sausage being produced or to the apparatus used in the production of sausage, which and as a result of this sensing (and without external intervention) brings about an alteration in the operation or control of the device.
(1) Note. The alteration may include stopping or starting of all or part of the mechanism so as to correct, avoid damage from, or mitigate the effects of the sensed condition.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 32]    32Casing handling:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter relating to the moving or orienting of sausage casing material preparatory to or in conjunction with the stuffing operation.

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22,for the shirring of a casing combined with a sausage stuffing operation.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 33]    33Insertion on nozzle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 32.  Subject matter relating to the loading or unloading of sausage casing material onto or off of a discharge spout from which fluid stuffing is expelled into the casing.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are devices which load a casing onto a holder. The holder may later be used as a stuffing horn or may be disposed of after inserting the casing onto the horn.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 34]    34Indexing onto stuffing horn:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Subject matter wherein a casing loader has plural casing holders which are moved between plural stations, one casing being loaded onto a holder at one station while another casing is unloaded onto the stuffing machine at another station.

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23,for multiple shirring devices which operate simultaneously

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53, Package Making,   subclasses 545+ for the making of a tubular package by progressively seaming a web.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 35]    35Stuffing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter relating to the filling of a flexible casing with comminuted meat.

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53, Package Making,   subclasses 545+ for apparatus for forming packages by confining the contents within a progressively seamed cover formed from a continuous web or webs and subclasses 567, and 575-577 for the stuffing of large whole meat portions (i.e., hams, shoulders, etc.) into a casing.
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   appropriate subclasses for filling receivers with fluent material which is not a ground meat product, particularly subclasses 313+ .
222, Dispensing,   appropriate subclasses for portion dispensers of general utility.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 36]    36Multiple head:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Subject matter wherein plural stuffing nozzles operate concurrently.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 37]    37Sausage sizing and shaping:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Subject matter relating to the control or regulation of the diameter, length, or external form of sausage.

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31,for sensor controlled sausage stuffers.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 38]    38Sizing ring:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  Subject matter wherein elements located on a discharge spout from which fluid stuffing is expelled into the casing and which are located internally of the sausage casing control or regulate the diameter of sausage.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 39]    39Casing insert (e.g., flat ended sausage)
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  Subject matter wherein disk-shaped members are inserted into the sausage casing to control the size and shape of the sausage.

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493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,   appropriate subclasses, for the combination of a casing and insert which does not claim the stuffing operation.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 40]    40Pump type:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Subject matter wherein the stuffing is forced into the casing by a mechanically driven device.

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100, Presses,   subclasses 179+ for concurrent pressing and conveying presses of the type in which a plunger forces material through a tube, not elsewhere provided for.
417, Pumps,   subclasses 481+ for oscillating type pumps, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 41]    41Rotary piston:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Subject matter wherein the stuffing is forced into the casing by a device which makes complete revolutions.

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415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps,   appropriate subclasses for a unidirectional rotating member caused to move by an external force to increase the energy in a fluid by transfer of kinetic energy from the member to the fluid.
417, Pumps,   appropriate subclasses for rotary expansible chamber pumps including (1) a motor to drive the pump, (2) operated by an art device, (3) claimed in combination with another type pump or (4) provided with valving other than in-line valving or valving operating merely to perfect the operation of the pump.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices,   appropriate subclasses for rotary expansible chamber pumps excluded from Class 417.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 42]    42Reciprocating piston:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Subject matter wherein the stuffing is forced into the casing by a piston which reciprocates back and forth in a straight line.

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92, Expansible Chamber Devices,   appropriate subclasses for pump subcombinations in which the working member has a reciprocating motion.
100, Presses,   subclasses 179+ for concurrent pressing and conveying presses of the type in which a plunger forces material through a tube, not elsewhere provided for.
417, Pumps,   subclasses 437+ for expansible chamber pumps which include (1) drive means, (2) valving for the pumped fluid, or (3) a diverse pump.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 43]    43Fluid motor:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 42.  Subject matter wherein a gas or liquid operated motor causes reciprocation of the piston.

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100, Presses,   subclasses 269.01+ for reciprocating platen presses not elsewhere provided for, in which the actuation of the platen is by fluid pressure.
417, Pumps,   subclasses 375+ for fluid motor driven pumps.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 44]    44Screw:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Subject matter wherein a rotating helix forces material into a sausage casing.

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100, Presses,   subclasses 145+ for concurrent pressing and conveying presses of the helix compressor type not otherwise provided for.
198, Conveyors: Power Driven,   subclasses 657+ for screw type conveyors.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 45]    45Nozzle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Subject matter wherein particular significance is attributed to a discharge spout from which a fluid stuffing is expelled into the casing.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 46]    46Linking:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter relating to the segmenting of sausage into a chain.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 47]    47By twisting:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Subject matter wherein the sausage links are formed by rotating the casing to form a constriction preventing the movement of sausage stuffing through the constriction.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 48]    48By applying constricting member:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Subject matter wherein the sausage links are formed by the closing off of the sausage casing at specific intervals by a tie, band, or clip.

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24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc.,   subclass 30.5 for bag clips, per se.
289, Knots and Knot Tying,   subclass 18.1 for knot tying machines which may be used in a sausage linking operation.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 49]    49Delinking:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter relating to the separation of a chain of sausage into individual links.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 50]    50Peeling:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter relating to the removal of the sausage casing from formed sausages.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 51]    51Sausage link handling:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter relating to the transportation or orienting of sausage, either individually or in linked form.

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186,for smoke sticks, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 52]    52SLAUGHTERING:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter relating to the killing of animals in preparation for (1) consumption as food or (2) the use of animal hides for clothing.

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43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying,   appropriate subclasses for the killing of animals for purposes other than (1) and (2) as noted above.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 53]    53Conveying live animals to slaughtering apparatus:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 52.  Subject matter including a means to automatically move or guide living animals to the slaughtering location.

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177+,for conveyors peculiar to butchering which convey animals that have been already slaughtered.

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119, Animal Husbandry,   subclasses 400+ for livestock carrying vehicle, subclasses 843+ for a live animal conveyor, gangway, or chute and subclasses 840+ for stock sorting.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 54]    54Restraint or immobilizer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 52.  Subject matter including a means to hold up, prop, or steady the animal so as to inhibit movement thereof during the slaughtering operation.

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187+,for supports or shackles used to suspend animals which may be still alive, and are used to restrain the legs.

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119, Animal Husbandry,   subclasses 712+ for animal restraining devices of general utility not restricted for use in a slaughtering operation.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 55]    55Knocking pen:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Subject matter wherein the restraint or immobilizer comprises a structure which closely surrounds the entire animal, preventing that animal from movement during slaughtering.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 56]    56Fall directing device:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Subject matter which will control the direction or orientation of the collapse of the animal after it loses consciousness.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 57]    57Stunning:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 52.  Subject matter including devices which render unconscious an animal to be slaughtered.

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42, Firearms,   subclass 1.12 for explosively actuated stunning devices. These devices ordinary include a piston which is explosively propelled to strike the skull of cattle to render the same unconscious.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 58]    58Electric:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  Subject matter wherein the stunning is accomplished through the delivery of an electric shock to the animal.

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607, Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application,   subclasses 1+ for electrical applications to the human body.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 59]    59Trough or tank:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Subject matter wherein the animal to be slaughtered is at least partially immersed in a liquid electrical conductor during the time the electric shock is delivered.
  
[List of Patents for class 452 subclass 60]    60Hand held stunner:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Subject matter wherein the stunning device is adapted to be carried and manipulated by a hand of a human operator.