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 [Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 429]   CLASS 429,CHEMISTRY: ELECTRICAL CURRENT PRODUCING APPARATUS, PRODUCT, AND PROCESS
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class is the generic class for devices which produce an electrical current by means of a chemical reaction or change in physical state (e.g., from liquid to gas, etc.). Also included are the following subject matter not provided for elsewhere.

A. Structural combinations of the device, subcombinations and elements thereof.

B. Electrolyte, compositions of the same, and process of preparation.

C. Process of operating the device.

D. Miscellaneous process involving the device.

(1) Note. The meaning to be given to the various "art" terms appearing in this class, but which have not been included in the glossary below, is the same as that generally accepted or in common usage. However, certain terms employed in this class, which are included below, have been assigned definitions tailored to meet the needs of this class and therefore those may be more restricted or less limited or even altogether different from those in common usage.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

A. LINES WITH AND SEARCH NOTES TO COMPOUND, COMPOSITION, AND MATERIAL CLASSES.

1. A compound, per se, is classified in a compound class regardless of utility. See References to Other Classes below for an example of a class for inorganic compounds and nonmetallic elements having a Class 429 utility

2. A composition or material, per se, (except for electrolyte) for Class 429 subject matter is classified in the appropriate composition or material class. Further, a Class 429 article or product mentioned by name only (except for separator) without any inclusion of structure and defined only in terms of its composition or material is classified in the appropriate composition or material classes, particularly those listed below in References to Other Classes.

The rules for determining Class placement of the Original Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set forth in the Class Definition of Class 252 in the section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection COMPOSITION CLASS SUPERIORITY, which includes a hierarchical ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES.

a. The following guidelines are to be followed in determining whether structure is present in any of the named subject matter: (1) A recitation of any numerical dimension of the product is deemed structure; (2) a product composed of two or more layers is deemed structure; (3) randomly disposed pores or cells in a porous, cellular or foamed product is deemed structure; and (4) internal characteristics such as crystalline form, molecular orientation, etc., is not considered structure.

b. Once the determination has been made that structure exists in the composition or material noted above and it is singly disclosed or claimed for a battery, the patent is classified in this class (429).

B. LINES AND SEARCH NOTES TO ARTICLE OR PRODUCT CLASSES

1. As a general rule an article is classified, the class providing specifically for the same or a generic class which can take the same.

An exception to this rule is an article mentioned in name only and defined in terms of its composition or material is classified in one of the composition or material classes. (See "Lines With And Search Notes To Compound, Composition, And Material Classes," 2, above, and References to Other Classes associated with the above section.)

This class (429) provides for a battery combination comprising a casing, electrodes and a separator. Also various subcombinations of the above.

Usually the application or use of a current-producing device (battery) in combination with other devices is classified in appropriate classes. See References to Other Classes, below.

C. LINES WITH AND SEARCH NOTES TO PROCESS AND APPARATUS CLASSES

See References to Other Classes below.

D. LINES BETWEEN CLASS 429, CLASS 204, AND CLASS 205

Wherein structure or process is common to both classes, the following line is to be observed. Where combined subject matter of both Class 204 and Class 429 is claimed or disclosed, classification will be based on the proximate function, e.g., current production, (Class 429) and the production of a product (Class 204). Generic claims are to be classified in the generic class (204). Also see the Search Class notes below to Class 204 and Class 205.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

16Miscellaneous Hardware,   appropriate subclasses for subject matter of that class adapted for use with battery structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
29Metal Working,   subclass 2 for apparatus and process for making metallic battery grids; subclasses 730+ for apparatus, and subclasses 623.1+ for process of making a battery not including the use of the same. (Process And Apparatus Class)
34Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for treating a battery or part thereof by drying or gas/vapor contact with the same. (Process And Apparatus Class)
49Movable or Removable Closures,   appropriate subclasses for closures of that class. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
53Package Making,   appropriate subclasses for methods of and apparatus for encompassing or encasing goods or materials with a separate cover or band which serves as means for identifying, protecting, or unit handling the goods or materials. (Process And Apparatus Class)
60Power Plants,   for power plants combined with battery or fuel cell structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
65Glass Manufacturing,   appropriate subclasses for process or apparatus for making a battery part of glass by a glass working operation(s). (Process And Apparatus Class)
73Measuring and Testing,   appropriate subclasses for apparatus adapted for use with a battery for making a measurement or test of any kind. The combination of such apparatus and a battery is proper subject matter for Class 429. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
73Measuring and Testing,   appropriate subclasses for testing processes and apparatus in general. (Process And Apparatus Class)
75Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, etc.,   subclasses 228+ for a consolidated metal particle composition. (See above, "Lines With And Search Notes To Compound, Composition, And Material Classes, 2")
102Ammunition and Explosives Devices,   appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 200+ for fuses, primers, and igniting devices utilizing electrical energy. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
105Railway Rolling Stock,   subclass 51 for battery holders for electric locomotives. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   appropriate subclasses for a composition which is in fluent or solid noncoherent form and which is adapted for coating or impregnating and for change to a less fluent, or a solid coherent, form by setting (e.g., concrete, plastic, etc.), chemical reaction, removal or solvent, solidification from a molten state, etc. In a patent directed to a filler or pigment for a coating composition, the recitation of size or structure of the constituent particle or fibers is not sufficient to exclude said patent from Class 106. (See above, "Lines With And Search Notes To Compound, Composition, And Material Classes, 2")
106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   appropriate subclasses for articles of general utility defined by compositions for Class 106 and see (1) Note of Class 106 for a listing of classes having articles defined by the composition. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes.")
106Compositions, Coating or Plastic,   for processes of making subject matter of that class. (Process And Apparatus Class)
114Ships,   subclass 20.1 for the combination of torpedo and battery structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes".)
116Signals and Indicators,   appropriate subclasses for mechanical indicators adapted for use with batteries. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
136Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric,   subclasses 200+ for thermoelectric batteries, subclasses 243+ for photoelectric batteries. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes.)
137Fluid Handling,   for process and apparatus for handling a fluid usually of general utility; and especially subclasses 260+ for structure for battery or electrolytic cell replenishment. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes".)
137Fluid Handling,   subclass 43 for nonspill vents for batteries, subclasses 260+ for battery replenishment apparatus and subclasses 386+ for automatic liquid level control devices of general application even though disclosed for batteries. (Process And Apparatus Class)
141Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   subclasses 32+ for apparatus and subclass 111 for process for pasting (filling) battery grids. Other appropriate subclasses for the filling of a battery with fluent material, i.e., electrolyte. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes".)
141Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for filling batteries, particularly subclasses 1.1+ for grid pasting process and subclasses 32+ for grid pasting apparatus. (Process And Apparatus Class)
148Metal Treatment,   subclasses 400+ for metal stock material which is (a) produced by a process of that class (148); or (b) distinguished by (a) internal structure (e.g., crystalline, etc.), or (b) characteristics (e.g., semiconductor, etc.) of the metal. (See above, "Lines With And Search Notes To Compound, Composition, And Material Classes, 2")
156Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   appropriate subclasses for processes of apparatus for making batteries by operations of that class. (Process And Apparatus Class)
162Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   appropriate subclasses for a nonstructural (a) single-layer waterlaid fibrous product, (b) plural-layer product including a layer of fibers applied to a second layer by a process provided for in that class (162), or (c) paper homogeneously impregnated throughout. Note particularly subclasses 141 through 181.1+ which include any nonstructural fiber. (See above, "Lines With And Search Notes To Compound, Composition, And Material Classes, 2")
162Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   subclasses 100+ for paper stock material of general utility. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
162Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   appropriate subclass for process and apparatus for making battery part; especially subclass 138 for process of making paper product having specified electrical products. (Process And Apparatus Class)
164Metal Founding,   appropriate subclasses for apparatus for metal casting and processes of casting metal grids, and subclass 109 for uniting battery plates by casting. (Process And Apparatus Class)
166Wells,   subclass 248 for process of applying electrical current through the earth for treating a well. (Process And Apparatus Class)
174Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,   appropriate subclasses for subject matter of that class not limited to battery structure, per se. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
180Motor Vehicles,   appropriate subclasses for subject matter of that class combined with battery structure and especially subclass 68.5 for battery mountings or holders combined with significant motor vehicle structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
200Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,   appropriate subclass for circuit makers-breakers (e.g., switch, etc.) adapted for use with batteries. The combination of a battery or significant battery structure and a circuit maker or breaker integral with the battery is subject matter for class (429). (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
204Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   for products solely disclosed as made by a process of Class 204 except for (1) products which comprise two contiguous metallic layers and (2) products of processes classifiable in subclasses 157.15+ and 450+. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
204Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   subclasses 194+ for electrolytic apparatus and other appropriate subclasses for subject matter involving the use of electrical or wave energy (e.g., short-circuited battery, internal battery, cathodic or anodic protector devices, testers which use an electrochemically produced current only to operate an indicator such as a meter (especially subclasses 400+), etc.). In cases where the combined subject matter of both Class 204 and Class 429 is claimed or disclosed, classification will be based on the proximate function, (e.g., current production is provided for in Class 429, production of a product is provided for in Class 204, etc.). Generic claims are properly classified in Class 204. (Process And Apparatus Class)
205Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,   subclass 50 for a product made by electrolysis involving electrolytic marking, battery electrode active material forming, electroforming, or electrolytic coating. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
205Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,   appropriate subclasses for electrolytic processes, in general. In cases where the combined subject matter of both Class 205 and Class 429 is claimed or disclosed, classification will be based on the proximate function (e.g., current production is provided for in Class 429, electrolytic production of a product is provided for in Class 205, etc.). Generic claims to electrolysis are properly classified in Class 205. (Process And Apparatus Class)
206Special Receptacle or Package,   appropriate subclasses for special receptacles or packages, especially subclasses 524.1+ for acid-proof receptacles, and subclasses 601+ for receptacles or packages for an electrical article and subclasses 603+ for battery package. Class 206 takes special receptacles and packages of general utility. Class 429 takes special receptacle having battery structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
219Electric Heating,   subclasses 200+ for heating device adapted for use with batteries or heaters combined with batteries. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above)
219Electric Heating,   appropriate subclass for apparatus and process of making, repairing, etc., batteries by electric heating, e.g., welding, etc. (Process And Apparatus Class)
220Receptacles,   appropriate subclasses for metallic receptacles of general utility or metallic receptacle adapted to hold batteries. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes".)
222Dispensing,   appropriate subclasses for dispensing apparatus adapted for use with battery structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
228Metal Fusion Bonding,   appropriate subclasses for bonding battery structure, especially subclass 58 for cross reference art collection on batteries. (See "Lines With And Search Notes To Process And Apparatus Classes" above.)
242Winding, Tensioning or Guiding,   subclasses 430+ for a method or apparatus for making a composite article which may include a wound battery component. (Process And Apparatus Class)
249Static Molds,   appropriate subclasses for static molds for forming battery parts, especially subclass 60 for molding a grid. (Process And Apparatus Class)
252Compositions,   appropriate subclass for a general utility and subclass 62.2 for electrolyte compositions for electrical devices. (See above, "Lines With And Search Notes To Compound, Composition, And Material Classes, 2")
264Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,   appropriate subclasses for shaping and treating plastic material, especially subclasses 614+ for composite electrical article involving vitrifying or sintering of preform to make inorganic natural and subclasses 104+ for process of forming electrical articles by shaping electroconductive material. (Process And Apparatus Class)
294Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,   cross reference art collection 903 for hand-held battery carriers. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes." above)
307Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   appropriate subclasses for electric connections with batteries. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
315Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclass 55 for combination of load device (electric current generator) and electrical circuit structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes.")
320Electricity: Battery and Condenser Charging and Discharging,   subclass 3 for battery charging or discharging including the batteries. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
320Electricity: Battery and Condenser Charging and Discharging,   for electrical systems and the corresponding methods of battery charging and discharging; subclass 57 having the structural combination of a battery and an electrical rectifier, regardless of whether the electrical interconnections between the battery and rectifier are claimed or not. (Process And Apparatus Class)
324Electricity: Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 425+ for battery testers. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
324Electricity: Measuring and Testing,   for process and apparatus for measuring or testing batteries including the battery a part of the claimed combination. (Process And Apparatus Class)
340Communications: Electrical,   appropriate subclasses for systems of imparting communications (intelligence), a part of which has electrical components (e.g., batteries), especially subclasses 636.1 through 636.21wherein the system is responsive to a battery condition. (Process and Apparatus Class)
361Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,   subclasses 500+ for electrolytic devices not elsewhere classified and especially for capacitors and coulometers. See these subclasses for combinations and subcombinations of the same. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
362Illumination,   appropriate subclasses for the combination of illumination means and a battery. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
368Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices,   subclasses 73+ , 107+, and 203+ for battery-operated time devices. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
379Telephonic Communications,   appropriate subclasses for telephones combined with batteries. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
381Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,   appropriate subclasses for hearing aids and the like combined with a battery. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
420Alloys or Metallic Compositions,   appropriate subclasses for alloys of general utility and not having structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
422Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   for apparatus for that class adapted for use with battery structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
423Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,   appropriate subclasses for inorganic compounds and nonmetallic elements having a Class 429 utility. (See "Lines With And Search Notes To Compound, Composition, And Material Classes" above.)
428Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   appropriate subclasses for stock materials of general utility and appropriate subclasses for electrodes without any structure. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
439Electrical Connectors,   appropriate subclasses for an electrical connector, per se; and subclass 726 and 754+ for a battery post clamp-type connector. Class 429 takes the combination of clamp with significant battery structure or the combination is constructed in such a manner that the connector is inseparable from battery. (Process And Apparatus Class)
441Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices,   subclass 18 for buoys combined with batteries. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
446Amusement Devices: Toys,   subclasses 484+ , for electric toys having a self contained voltage source, and see the Search Notes thereunder. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
520Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   appropriate subclasses, particularly Class 523, subclass 134 for a composition specialized for use as a battery container or battery cover composition. (See above, "Lines With And Search Notes To Compound, Composition, And Material Classes, 2" above)
607Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application,   appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 149+ for battery elements which function by reason of being contacted by the body. Also, batteries especially constructed to be implanted in the body. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
623Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor,   appropriate subclasses for battery systems used with artificial body parts. (See "Lines And Search Notes To Article Or Product Classes" above.)
423Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,   appropriate subclasses for process of making inorganic chemical compounds useful in batteries. (Process And Apparatus Class)
425Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,   for molding apparatus useful in making batteries. (Process And Apparatus Class)

SECTION IV - GLOSSARY

ACTIVE MATERIAL

The element, chemical compound, or composition which chemically reacts to produce a transfer of electrons through an external circuit.

BATTERYCELL

Two spaced electrodes provided with means to transfer an ionic current therebetween.

ELECTRODE

The electron current carrying material or structure at which the current producing chemical reaction takes place

ELECTROLYTE

A material capable of passing an ionic current.

FUEL CELL

A device used to produce an electrical current wherein one of the reactants is fed to the cell.

REACTANT

The material which includes an active material as one of its components.

SEPARATOR

A material used to space or maintain a pair of electrodes out of contact. This includes material which function only to stop dendritic growth (treeing) between the electrodes.A cell or group of cells.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 1]    1HAVING POLARITY SAFETY FEATURE
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having structural means to connect the terminals in a desired polarity relationship.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 2]    2HAVING LIVING MATTER, E.G., MICROORGANISM, ETC.
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having bacteria or other living organism(s) as an integral part thereof and the related process.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 3]    3HAVING PULSE FEATURE
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus capable of producing periodic electrical output and the related process.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 4]    4WITH SONIC OR ULTRASONIC FEATURE
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having periodic motion applied to the same by sonic or ultrasonic means and the related process.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 5]    5RADIO ACTIVE MATERIAL CONTAINING
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having material which emits atomic radiation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

136Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric,   subclass 202 for a thermoelectric battery-nuclear energy type.
310Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclass 301 for electrical generators involving a nuclear reaction.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 6]    6WITH PRESSURE EQUALIZING MEANS FOR LIQUID IMMERSION OPERATION
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having means to equalize the pressure between the inside of a casing and the surrounding liquid environment when the apparatus is immersed.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 7]    7WITH NONBATTERY ELECTRICAL COMPONENT ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED WITHIN CELL CASING OTHER THAN TESTING OR INDICATING COMPONENTS
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having a nonelectrochemical current producing electrical component within a battery casing in combination with conventional components.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

90+,for battery having testing or indicating means.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 8]    8HAVING DISPARATE NONELECTRICAL FUNCTION
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having a function other than or in addition to that of producing electricity and the function is foreign to the electrical production.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 9]    9HAVING DIVERSE CELLS OR DIVERSE REMOVABLE CELLS IN A SUPPORT MEANS
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus consisting of multiple different types of electrical cells or a support means having different types of cells at least one of which is removable from the support.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 10]    10HAVING MAGNETIC FIELD FEATURE
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus which makes use of a magnet or a magnetic field in any of its forms and the related process.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 11]    11CURRENT PRODUCTION DEPENDENT UPON TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIAL BETWEEN A PAIR OF ELECTRODES
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus wherein the electrical current is produced by maintaining a pair of electrodes at different temperatures and the related process.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

120,for a battery having heat exchange means.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 12]    12FUEL CELL, SUBCOMBINATION THEREOF OR METHODS OF OPERATING
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus for producing an electrical current having an active material supplied to a cell from an external source, e.g., fuel cell, metal/air cell, etc., subcombination of the apparatus and the process of operating the same are also included.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

127,for tape or flexible batteries having means to sequentially or continuously move active electrode material into position to produce an electrical current.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 13]    13Process of operating
 This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Process of operating the apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

50+,for process of operating a tape cell.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 14]    14Circulating or feeding electrolyte
 This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Process having a step of circulating the electrolyte of feeding the same into or within the cell.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

67,for battery having means to provide relative motion between electrode and electrolyte.
72+,for battery having feeding or circulating structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 15]    15Active material in electrolyte
 This subclass is indented under subclass 14.  Process including the step of supplying active material which is dissolved in, introduced into, or carried by the electrolyte.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 16]    16Fused or molten electrolyte
 This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Process having the step of maintaining the electrolyte in a fused or molten stall during cell operation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

102+,for active material in the molten state.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 17]    17Generating, regenerating or recycling reactant
 This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Process including the step of generating the active material before use in the cell, regenerating the same from by-products of the cell or recycling unused active material through the cell.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

19+,for corresponding apparatus.
49,for battery having regeneration features.
51,for process of cell operation involving electrolyte circulation.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 18]    18Plural cells having means to reduce ionic short circuit
 This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Apparatus comprising a plurality of cells having a common electrolyte connection and means combined with the cell structure functioning to reduce or prevent ionic current from passing through the common electrolyte between the cells.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 19]    19Having means for active material generation or regeneration
 This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Apparatus having means to generate a material used in a cell, to generate a material in situ, or to regenerate a material from the cell by-products.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

19,for corresponding process.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 20]    20By heating or cooling
 This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Apparatus having means providing a temperature differential.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 21]    21By electrical current
 This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Apparatus having means which allows electrical regeneration of the active material.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 22]    22Automatic control means
 This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Apparatus having automatic control means for regulating some operational feature of the cell.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

61+,for battery having control means responsive to a condition sensing means.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 23]    23Electrical output dependent
 This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Apparatus wherein the control is responsive to the electrical output of the cell, either current or voltage.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 24]    24Temperature dependent
 This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Apparatus wherein the control is responsive to temperature.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 25]    25Pressure dependent
 This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Apparatus wherein the control is responsive to pressure.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 26]    26Having heat exchange means
 This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Apparatus having means to provide a temperature differential.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

18,for battery having heat exchange feature.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 27]    27Active material electrode-type cell or subcombination thereof
 This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Apparatus having an electrode containing an active material or the subcombination of said electrode.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 28]    28Envelope cathode-type or subcombination thereof
 This subclass is indented under subclass 27.  Apparatus wherein the cathode surrounds or envelopes the anode and subcombinations thereof.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 29]    29And chemically specified electrolyte material
 This subclass is indented under subclass 27.  Apparatus wherein the electrolyte material is chemically specified.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 30]    30Solid electrolyte
 This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Apparatus having a solid material which functions as an electrolyte.

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304+,for solid battery electrolytes.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 31]    31Tubular
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Apparatus wherein the electrolyte is tubular in form.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 32]    32Plural disc or modules
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Apparatus wherein the electrolyte is constructed of plural disc or modules.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 33]    33Electrolyte composition chemically specified
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Apparatus wherein the electrolyte material is chemically specified.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 34]    34Housing member, seal, spacer or fluid distributing or directing means
 This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Apparatus comprising separate elements having a utility in or are in combination with a fuel-type cell to provide housing, sealing, spacing of fluid distribution or fluid direction of the cell.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

12,27+, 41, and 46, for a matrix or support used to space electrodes and hold electrolyte therein.
27+,and 40+, for matrix or support which is an integral part of the electrode.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 35]    35Having sealing feature
 This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Apparatus having a sealing feature specifically set forth as a part of the combination.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 36]    36Having bonded seal, e.g., welded, adhesive, molded in situ, etc.
 This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Apparatus wherein the sealing feature is composed of an integral bond between elements.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 37]    37Having clamping means
 This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Apparatus wherein the sealing feature is of the mechanical pressure type produced by a clamping means.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 38]    38Having support or spacers with fluid distribution means
 This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Apparatus wherein the housing member support or spacer is provided with means to allow the fluid reactants or electrolyte to enter or exit therefrom.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 39]    39And fluid directing means
 This subclass is indented under subclass 38.  Apparatus wherein the support or spacer directs the fluid flow along the face of the electrode.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 40]    40Catalytic electrode structure or composition
 This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Apparatus having a catalytic electrode which is structurally or chemically specified.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

427Coating Processes,   subclass 115 for method of producing fuel cell electrode by coating.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 41]    41Having electrolyte matrix or barrier layer
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Apparatus having an electrolyte matrix or barrier layer positioned between or in contact with a catalytic electrode.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 42]    42Having organic constituent as part of the electrode
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Apparatus wherein the electrode has an organic component.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 43]    43Organic catalyst
 This subclass is indented under subclass 42.  Apparatus wherein the organic component is part of or is the catalysis of the electrode.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 44]    44Having an inorganic matrix, substrate or support
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Apparatus having distinct inorganic materials functioning as the matrix, substrate or support in the electrode.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 45]    45Of sintered particles
 This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Apparatus composed of sintered particles.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 46]    46Chemically specified electrolyte
 This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Subject matter where the electrolyte composition is chemically defined.
  
[List of Patents for class 429 subclass 47] &nbs