Class Definition for Class 414 - MATERIAL OR ARTICLE HANDLING

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CLASS 414,	MATERIAL OR ARTICLE HANDLING
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

Apparatus, device, implement or method for placing or displacing particular articles in a particular manner or with reference to a particular support, for loading or unloading vehicles with materials or objects in general, charging or discharging furnaces, bins, chambers, or other receptacles, stacking or piling articles or materials, also combinations of general types of carriers or forwarding mechanisms, which types, per se, are separately classified elsewhere, and general types of elevators, cranes, or hoists when associated with special means for handling the load to place it on the carrier or remove it therefrom.

(1) Note. The miscellaneous subclass of this class is designed to receive any material-moving mechanism for which no place has been established elsewhere.

(2) Note. The term "handling" in the title is intended to indicate in a general way those more or less complex and intricate movements, imparted to matter by instruments or mechanisms which are deemed analogous to nonshaping manipulations, or the varying movements imparted to matter or objects by hand.

(3) Note. Treatment of matter to change its shape or condition is not included in this class. As fabricating and material-conditioning apparatus have commonly associated with them means for bringing the material to the shaping or conditioning instrumentalities or carrying it therefrom, combinations of handling or conveying means with fabricating, shaping, or conditioning means are classified on the basis of the latter.

(4) Note. Earthworking in general effects a change in the shape or form of matter and is classified on that basis; but the removing of earth by power scoops, shovels, and the like, which operate in the same manner whether removing a pile of loose coal or grain or the loose earth from an excavation, are classified on the basis of handling in this or other material-moving or transportation classes. Otherwise stated, those inventions relating to the excavating art, including power scoops, shovels or the like in which movement is imparted to such scoops or shovels subsequent to or in addition to those movements deemed necessary to complete an excavating operation, which additional movement is usually for transporting the excavated material to a disposal point, are considered to include such handling of the excavated material as will provide a basis for classification in this class (414). Even the teeth of scoops, commonly placed there for excavating hard earth, may be broadly claimed in combination with a handling-machine otherwise falling into this class without excluding the patent from this class, although the specific teeth if claimed particularly, would go to a class of excavating or earthworking.

(5) Note. The separation of mixed solid materials by an operation depending on differences of size, form, mass, or other physical properties of the mixed materials or objects is deemed to be a highly special form of moving or handling materials, and the classes of separating are deemed superior to this class.

(6) Note. Regarding land or water vehicles supporting other load-handling devices, the vehicle is deemed to be a mechanism unless the handling mechanism is so combined with and related to the vehicle as to load or unload that vehicle or handle its load or cargo.

(7) Note. For a thorough search in material-handling, all subclasses found in the index indicating by title a fabrication or material-treating class, with feeding, conveying, or other handling means, should be inspected.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

Combined conveyors, carriers, and forwarders of types now included under Class 198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, are to be found in Class 198; but combined carriers, the separate elements of which are in different classes, are provided for in this class.

Vehicles in which the body is merely moved or tilted to dump by gravity are classified in Class 298 or in Class 105, particularly, subclasses 238.1+; however, in regard to Class 298, see also the reference thereto in subclass 469 of this class (414).

For handling where manipulation during the progress of manual work is involved or for handling including the engagement of more than one part to aid in manual assembly of such parts, see Class 269, Work Holders. The fact that the article handled is assembled manually with an abutting receiver will not exclude a handling mechanism from Class 414.

VEHICLE LOADING AND UNLOADING

This class has numerous subclasses devoted to the loading and unloading of vehicles of various types; for examples see Subclass References to the Current Class, below. For vehicles charging and discharging in other classes, see References to Other Classes below

EXCAVATING AND LOADING MACHINES

For excavating and loading machines of the type having a scoop or rake delivering to an endless or rotary carrier, see "SEARCH CLASS" below in References to Other Classes below

GENERAL TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL HANDLING

See References to Other Classes below.

SIMPLE HANDLING OF CERTAIN CLASSES OF MATERIAL IN A SPECIAL MANNER

See References to Other Classes below.

MEANS CONTROLLING FLOW

See References to Other Classes below.

SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

137.1+,

140.1, 333-402, 434+, 467+ for loading and unloading of vehicles of various types.

SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

4,	Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, (Means Controlling Flow.)
5,	Beds, subclasses 81.1 and 83.1+.
15,	Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclasses 78+ .
37,	Excavating, subclasses 304+ for self-loading vehicles. (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
37,	Excavating, appropriate subclasses. (Excavating and Loading Machines.)
37,	Excavating, subclasses 394+ for devices comprising a scoop and drag line to fill the same.
56,	Harvesters, (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
56,	Harvesters, subclass 345 . (Excavating and Loading Machines.)
56,	Harvesters, subclasses 344+ .
99,	Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, for a conveyor designed for the reception of a food article, or a food or beverage containing receptacle when combined with a heat generator, a heat exchanger, other means for treating material operative during the conveying, or an enclosure or tank where the structure thereof is in excess of that necessary for the operation of the conveyor; subclasses 360+ for a conveyor to transport a fluid filled receptacle to and from a heat treatment.
100,	Presses, appropriate subclasses for presses which may, when used on a vehicle, inherently function to load or unload the vehicle. (See class definition, Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Binding and Pressing Elsewhere Classified, in Class 100). (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
104,	Railways, subclasses 18+ for load transfer to or from moving trains; if external means is involved, see subclasses 334+, 337 and 338 of this class (414). (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
104,	Railways, (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
105,	Railway Rolling Stock, subclasses 239+ for dumping car bodies. (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
105,	Railway Rolling Stock, (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
110,	Furnaces, subclasses 101+ and 165+.
114,	Ships, subclasses 27+ for dumping and unloading scows, and subclasses 183+ for bilge discharge. (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
114,	Ships, subclasses 365+ for miscellaneous apparatus for handling life craft (e.g., aboard ships), and also analogous apparatus located on docks and seawalls. (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
137,	Fluid Handling, for fluid handling not elsewhere provided for. (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
137,	Fluid Handling, (Means Controlling Flow.)
141,	Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means, for fluent material handling with receiver or receiver coacting means.
169,	Fire Extinguishers, (Means Controlling Flow.)
171,	Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, particularly subclasses 31 , 60+, 63+ 89, 101, 110, 111+, and 138. (Excavating and Loading Machines.)
173,	Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclasses for a means of general utility for driving or impacting a tool, particularly subclasses 197+ , and see the search notes therein for such means including a work cleansing feature.
180,	Motor Vehicles, (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
182,	Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, subclass 1 for horizontal step on pivoted ladder; subclass 2.1 for horizontal platform on pivoted booms; subclasses 10+ for carrier traveling along an inclined cable; subclasses 12+ for horizontally traveling personnel supports with means to control or actuate said traveling; subclasses 36+ for personnel supports traversing the horizontal and riding on a track; subclasses 42+ for personnel carriers mounted on an endless conveyor; subclasses 48+ for chutes or towers for personnel use; subclasses 101+ for a vertically moving platform combined with a ladder; and subclasses 141+ for platforms combined with elevating or lowering means.
184,	Lubrication, (Means Controlling Flow.)
186,	Merchandising, for merchandising.
187,	Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift for Vehicle, (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
198,	Conveyors: Power-Driven, (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
204,	Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses 198 through 226for electrode handling means specialized for electrolytic processes.
211,	Supports: Racks, for racks not elsewhere provide for.
212,	Traversing Hoists, (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
221,	Article Dispensing, subclass 185 for ambulant article dispensing devices including vehicular types. (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
222,	Dispensing, subclasses 608+ for vehicular types. (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
224,	Package and Article Carriers, (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
226,	Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, appropriate subclasses for methods of, and apparatus for, feeding material without utilizing the leading or trailing ends to effect movement of the material. (Simple Handling of Certain Classes of Material in a Special Manner.)
232,	Deposit and Collection Receptacles, for deposit and collection receptacles.
239,	Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclasses 650+ for scattering nonfluid material from a container. (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
241,	Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, appropriate subclasses for material handling claimed in combination with significant comminution. See Section 9 of the class definition of Class 241 for a general statement of the line.
242,	Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, (Simple Handling of Certain Classes of Material in a Special Manner.)
244,	Aeronautics, particularly subclass 136 , 137.1, and 140+. (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
244,	Aeronautics and Astronautics, (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
251,	Valves and Valve Actuation, (Means Controlling Flow.)
254,	Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
258,	Railway Mail Delivery, (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
271,	Sheet Feeding or Delivering, (Simple Handling of Certain Classes of Material in a Special Manner.)
280,	Land Vehicles, (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
291,	Track Sanders, (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
294,	Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, for hand and hoist-line implements.
296,	Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclasses 1.1+ for bodies, and 50+ for end gates.
296,	Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
298,	Land Vehicles, Dumping, (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
298,	Land Vehicles: Dumping, (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
299,	Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material, subclasses 64+ and see the search notes therein for mining or hard material disintegrating combined with material handling. (Excavating and Loading Machines.)
300,	Brush, Broom, and Mop Making, subclass 18 .
312,	Supports: Cabinet Structure, subclasses 35+ .
376,	Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements, (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
376,	Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements, subclasses 260+ for nuclear reactors including the handling of nuclear reactor components, particularly the nuclear fuel, but see also subclass 146 of this class (414). (Simple Handling of Certain Classes of Material in a Special Manner.)
406,	Conveyors: Fluid Current, subclasses 39+ for vehicle mounted fluid current conveyors. (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
406,	Conveyors: Fluid Current, (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
417,	Pumps, (Means Controlling Flow.)
418,	Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, (Means Controlling Flow.)
441,	Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
446,	Amusement Devices: Toys, subclass 428 for a toy vehicle having a tiltable receptacle for discharging its contents (e.g., dump truck). (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
452,	Butchering, subclasses 177+ for handling devices used in butchering operations.
453,	Coin Handling, for pertinent subclass(es) as determined by schedule review.
454,	Ventilation, (Means Controlling Flow.)
470,	Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and Apparatus, subclasses 164+ and see the notes thereto for feeding of blanks of stock material in the form of strips and rods, not otherwise specifically provided for, to (1) manufacturing machines, or (2) sorting or orienting devices. Included is the feeding of strip or rod type blanks or stock material for other than bolts, nails, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers, when such blanks or stock material are substantially uniform in cross section. (Simple Handling of Certain Classes of Material in a Special Manner.)
472,	Amusement Devices, particularly subclasses 1+ for an amusement roundabout which may carry a person or object along a circuitous path and subclass 2 for an amusement round about combined with elevator type structure.
483,	Tool Changing, generally for a process or apparatus including a tool transfer means combined with either a tool support or storage means and particularly subclasses 58+ for a tool transfer means combined with a tool storage means.
623,	Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor, subclasses 57+ for artificial body members with remote control. (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 414 subclass 1]

ARTICLE MANIPULATOR MOVES ANALOGOUS WITH HUMAN HAND, FINGER, OR ARM MOVEMENT:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having article supporting and moving means which is adapted to move said article in response to and in direct proportion to the movement in any direction of a means engaged and freely moved by a person"s arm, finger, or hand, through a motion transmission means interconnecting the article supporting means and the arm, finger, or hand engaging means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

217,	and 218, for article holding receivers attached to a finger or to the metacarpal portion of a hand, respectively.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

30,	Cutlery, subclasses 232 , 291, 298, and 323 for cutting implements combined with hand or finger-attaching devices.
34,	Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, subclass 95.2 for a hand-attachable blotting device.
131,	Tobacco, subclass 258 for finger rings having cigar and cigarette supports.
248,	Supports, subclasses 118.1+ for a hand-attachable support for a writer.
401,	Coating Implements With Material Supply, subclasses 7 and 8 for a coating implement including, respectively, a pocket or loop (e.g., strap) for attachment to a hand or part thereof (e.g., finger).
623,	Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor, subclasses 57+ for artificial body members with remote control.
700,	Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications, subclasses 245 through 264for robot arm control.

2	Motion of hand, finger, or arm member multiplied or reduced in its transmission to article manipulator means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Apparatus having means whereby the ratio of the motion imparted to the article-supporting means is other than one to one relative to the motion imparted to the means engaged by a person"s arm, finger, or hand.

3	Having means to transmit motion through an imperforate barrier:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Apparatus wherein the motion transmission means between the article-supporting and moving means and the arm, finger, or hand engaging means comprises magnetic or other nonsolid conductor energy transmitting means.

4	Electric or fluid motor drive for manipulator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Apparatus wherein the means transmitting motion between the article-supporting and moving means and the arm, finger, or hand engaging means, comprises a pressurized fluid motor means or an electrically actuated motor means.

5	Having means to transmit feedback signal from manipulator means to hand, finger, or arm:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Apparatus having means which is a part of, a function of, or is in addition to the fluid or electrically actuated motor means by which the position, motion, or force of the article-supporting and moving means is transmitted or otherwise communicated back to the person actuating the arm, finger, or hand engaging means.

6	For grip force amplification:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Apparatus wherein the means Actuating the article supporting and moving means is specifically designed to multiply by some factor the force exerted on the article over that force imputed by the arm, finger, or hand.

7	Having flexible motion transmission means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Apparatus wherein the motion transmission means includes a cable, chain, belt, or other means adapted to flex or bend between its extremities.

8	Having sealing or radiation shielding means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Apparatus having means associated therewith to impede the flow of radiant energy.

[List of Patents for class 414 subclass 9]

HUMAN BODY OPERATED EATING AID:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means to transfer material into or in the proximity of a person"s mouth in response to and as the result of the movement of a part of said person"s body.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for article manipulators which move analogous with the human hand, finger, or arm movements.
680+,	for vertically swinging load supports.

[List of Patents for class 414 subclass 10]

APPARATUS FOR MOVING MATERIAL TO A POSITION IN THE ERECTION OR REPAIR OF A BUILDING:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means to reorient or reposition a unit of building material to a location where it may be secured in place on a building site, said means being capable of holding or supporting said unit in a given position while being so secured.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

52,	Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 122.1+ for building components having installed means for raising or lowering said components.
187,	Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift for Vehicle, subclass 900 for a temporary construction elevator for lifting building material during the erection of a building.

[List of Patents for class 414 subclass 11]

Flat wall or ceiling member manipulating means:

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Apparatus wherein the means is designed to reorient or reposition a unit of material having a flat surface and which, when secured in place, will form a part or all of the wall or ceiling portion of a building.

(1) Note. Apparatus to move and support a door in place while being hung is not included in this definition, but is found above in subclass 10.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

254,	Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, appropriate subclasses for lifting apparatus, per se.

[List of Patents for class 414 subclass 12]

Boxlike building module manipulating means:

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Apparatus wherein the means is designed to reorient or reposition a building module and support the same while being secured in place at a building site.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

373+,

for roadway vehicles and means cooperable therewith to load or unload said vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

238,	Railways: Surface Track, subclass 13 for rail mounted house moving means.

13	LAUNDRY HANDLING DEVICE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means to specifically manipulate articles, bundles of articles, or groups of articles which are in the nature of fabric or other flexible material sheets, apparel, etc., from one place to another either prior to or subsequent to a laundering operation on said articles.

[List of Patents for class 414 subclass 14]

STOCK PULLING OR PUSHING:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for advancing or feeding elongated work relative to a device to treat or modify the work (e.g., lathe, puncher, etc.) by means which either (a) engages the work at its forward portion and draws it into position, or (b) contacts it at the rear surface and shoves it into position.

(1) Note. The feeding means can be mounted on the tool turret of a manufacturing machine.

(2) Note. The work may be delivered to a work holder (e.g., a chuck) which may be part of a work modifying means (e.g., a lathe or punch) and the work holder may be operated to grasp or clamp the work, provided that no more of the work modifying means is claimed than that necessary to receive and retain the work. Means to start and stop the work modifying means or to move the work holder (a) during a step in which actual work modification occurs, or (b) in a direction other than a feeding direction are therefore excluded; such means claimed in combination with stock pushing or pulling means are also excluded. For example, a nominally claimed means to rotate a chuck or to start or stop a lathe would be excluded and classified in the appropriate work modifying class; a means to start or stop the work feeding or remnant ejecting means, per se, is proper subject matter for this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

29,	Metal Working, appropriate subclasses for devices for pushing or pulling metal stock having claimed in combination therewith a tool for working on the stock, or means producing a special motion of the stock for facilitating metal working.
82,	Turning, subclasses 124+ for devices for pushing or pulling a workpiece to or from a lathe combined with means for effecting a relative rotation between the workpiece and the cutting element of the lathe.
83,	Cutting, appropriate subclasses for devices for pushing or pulling a workpiece having in combination therewith means to sever of cut off the work to predetermined lengths.
144,	Woodworking, subclass 245 for feeding a wood workpiece to a cutter of the type provided in Class 144.
198,	Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclasses 736+ for article transfer by a reciprocating pusher.
221,	Article Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for article dispensing or feeding devices not otherwise provided for, and especially feeding devices combined with means for separating one or more articles from a stack which is comprised of more articles than are fed in any one feeding operation.
226,	Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, appropriate subclasses for methods of and apparatus for feeding running and indefinite lengths of stock or work, without utilizing the leading or trailing end to effect the feeding motion. See search notes in Class 226 for references to other feeding classes.
271,	Sheet Feeding or Delivering, appropriate subclasses for feeding of flexible sheets, especially feeding from a stack or to a receiver, predicated upon the flexible nature of the sheets.
470,	Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and Apparatus, subclasses 164+ for feeding of work blanks or stock pieces specialized to the purpose of Class 470, or claimed in nominal combination with such machines.

15	With means ejecting stock remnant:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Apparatus having means to positively discharge from the work handling device that portion of the stock which is too small to be fed to the work tool (e.g., cutter, puncher, etc.) for modification into a complete product unit.

[List of Patents for class 414 subclass 16]

With additional diverse motion of stock:

This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Apparatus in which work which is pulled or pushed in one general feeding direction is additionally moved in a different direction relative to a disclosed tool which is maintained in nonwork contacting position while the work is moving.

(1) Note. The additional motion may or may not be simultaneous with the motion in the general feeding direction.

(2) Note. Feeding of the work in any manner into engagement with the tool to perform an art operation (e.g., punching, scoring) on the work is excluded.

17	With fluid pressure actuated pushing or pulling means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Apparatus employing a motor surface which is moved by the force of a confined gas or liquid.

18	Stock end face pushers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Apparatus in which the work is contacted at a surface which faces in a direction opposite to that in which the work is to be moved and is shoved into position.

[List of Patents for class 414 subclass 19]

For sheet stock:

This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Apparatus in which the work is comprised of a single element, or a stack of single elements, each element being extremely thin in relation to its length and breadth.

(1) Note. The individual elements in a stack must be held together only by the forces of gravity and friction. For example, devices for pushing blocks comprised of laminated sheets, each joined to the adjacent sheet by means of an adhesive, would be classified in subclass 18 above.

[List of Patents for class 414 subclass 20]

Sheet stock lead end pullers:

This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Apparatus for engaging the work at its forward portion and drawing it into position for subsequent contact by a tool, said work being comprised of a single element, or a stack of single elements, each element being extremely thin in relation to its length and breadth.

(1) Note. See (1) Note to subclass 19 above.

[List of Patents for class 414 subclass 21]

WITH WEIGHING:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Material-handling devices including a weighing feature wherein there is some moving of the material besides that necessary or incidental to the weighing operation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

177,	Weighing Scales, subclasses 52+ for means conveying and weighing successive receivers, subclasses 145+ for a weigher with loading or unloading means involving no modification of the material-handling structure other than for the purpose of weighing, and subclasses 161+ for a weigher combined with means for guiding the load onto the weigher.
212,	Traversing Hoists, subclasses 276+ for weight-responsive crane control systems and subclass 283 for cranes having a weight indicator

22.51

WELL PIPE OR ROD RACKING MECHANISM:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for moving a cylindrical member in the form of a pipe or rod from or to racked or storage position over a well.

(1) Note. The device classified here are normally used in connection with the assembling or disassembling of strings of pipes or rods in well working operations.

(2) Note. A stabber or a hoist is included herein if it could be used to move a pipe or rod to or from a rack.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

23,	for an apparatus for handling a pole or tree between prone and upright positions.
24,	for an apparatus for lowering glass cylinders from an upright position.
745.2,	for apparatus for moving or manipulating an elongated vertically oriented cylindrical bar, generally.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

175,	Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 85 for an earth boring means combined with orienting or racking means for unconnected tools or sections of shaft or casing.
211,	Supports: Racks, subclass 60.1 for pipe or tube racks, per se.

22.52

With slope change:

This subclass is indented under subclass 22.51. Apparatus wherein the inclination of the cylindrical member is intentionally changed during manipulation thereof.

(1) Note. Moving pipe from a horizontal rack on the ground is included herein if the inclination of the pipe is changed during transport.

22.53	For nonvertical drilling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.52. Apparatus wherein inclination of the cylindrical member is changed to establish drilling direction other than toward the center of the earth.

22.54	Horizontal to/from vertical:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.52. Apparatus wherein the cylindrical member is moved all the way from level with to normal to the horizon or vice versa.

22.55	Boom pivoting about horizontal axis:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.54. Apparatus including structure engaging the cylindrical member and swinging therewith about an axis extending in the horizontal direction to move the member from the level to the vertical position or vice versa.

22.56	Pivoting derrick:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.55. Apparatus including a support structure which is intended to support the cylindrical member in a well, wherein the entire support structure is moved about an axis extending in the horizontal direction to move the member from the level to the vertical position or vice versa.

22.57	Guided skate or pusher:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.54. Apparatus including support structure for controlling movement of the cylindrical member generally axially thereof and including (a) a carriage riding along the controlling structure and carrying the weight of one end of the member, or (b) a means riding along the controlling structure and engaging the end of the member and urge that member axially along the controlling structure.

22.58	Pipe or rod guide:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.54. Apparatus including support structure for controlling movement of the cylindrical member generally axially thereof, which structure is troughlike to guide the member as it slides therealong.

22.59	Guided skate or pusher:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.52. Apparatus including support structure for controlling movement of the cylindrical member generally axially thereof and including (a) a carriage riding along the controlling structure and carrying the weight of one end of the member, or (b) a means riding along the controlling structure and engaging the end of the member and urge that member axially along the controlling structure.

22.61	Pipe or rod guide:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.52. Apparatus including support structure for controlling movement of the cylindrical member generally axially thereof, which structure is troughlike to guide the member as it slides therealong.

22.62	Horizontal rack:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.51. Apparatus comprising means for moving a cylindrical member from or to racked or storage position with the axis thereof extending in a direction parallel with the horizon.

22.63	Vertical rack:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.51. Apparatus comprising means for moving a cylindrical member from or to a racked or storage position with the axis thereof extending in a direction toward the center of the earth.

22.64

Compensating for support shift (e.g., ship roll, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 22.63. Apparatus including provision to maintain support of the cylindrical member in a vertical direction in spite of movement of the surface on which the apparatus is supported.

(1) Note. Included herein is apparatus to compensate for the movement of a ship under wave or tide action, or a device to compensate for vibration or earth tremor.

22.65	Pivotal carriage:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.63. Apparatus wherein the means to move the cylindrical member is supported to turn about a fixed axis.

22.66	Carousel:
	This subclass is indented und