This class is the locus for the following types of fasteners
when they are adapted for general use and are not sufficiently limited
to use with special articles or structures as to require classification
therewith:
A. An anchoring-type or holding-type fastener which expands
upon receiving a driven fastener or when driven by a tool;
B. A tool driven externally threaded fastener (e.g., bolt, screw);
C. A tool driven internally threaded fastener (e.g., nut);
D. An impact driven fastener (e.g., nail, staple);
E. A tool driven or discrete (i.e., not affixed to workpiece),
headed, elongated-shank fastener adapted to be moved along its longitudinal
axis into coaxial apertures in a workpiece, wherein the headed,
elongated-shank fastener is secured by either (1) a deformable end
(e.g., rivet), (2) means other than threads requiring rotation for
engagement (e.g., Dzus-type or quarter-turn fastener), (3) pivotable
securing means (e.g., toggle bolt), (4) retractable securing means
(e.g., ball detent fastener), or (5) a separate retaining element;
and
F. A tool deformed or tool driven fastener (e.g., cotter pin)
which is closely allied in use with the other fasteners of this
class.
This class is also the locus for a threaded bolt (i.e., externally
threaded fastener) or a threaded nut (i.e., internally threaded
fastener), either singly or interthreaded with one another, which
bolt or nut, or a mating pair thereof, is not free to turn about
the axis of its thread (i.e., its longitudinal axis), by virtue
of being (A) combined with means which restrict its rotation relative to
a coating structure, or (B) combined with means which prevent its
rotation relative to its complementary nut or bolt, respectively,
or (C) combined with means which both restruct its rotation as in
(A) and prevent its rotation as in (B). The bolt and the nut, either
single or together, are associated with a fastening function. This class
also provides for devices (e.g., washers) which are used in conjunction
with fasteners of this class and which perfects the fastening operation
thereof.
This class additionally provides for those subcombinations
(e.g., fastener heads) of its subject matter for which no other
locus exists.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
If otherwise proper for this class, fasteners capable of either
manual or tool operation (e.g., tacks) are placed in this class
and not in Class 24.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a holding device is either (a) provided
with a driving section which is disconnectable from the holding device
when a twisting force in excess of a predetermined limit is applied
thereto or (b) yieldably urged into engagement with a cooperating element
and moves into a noncooperating position upon the application of
excessive torque.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the holding device is joined to the
driving section by a destroyable member or weakened portion which
ruptures upon the application of excessive torque.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter wherein the holding device and the driving
section are joined together by a separate element usually disposed
in aligned apertures therein which shears upon the application of
torque in excess of a predetermined limit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter wherein the holding device and the driving
section are arranged in axially spaced concentric relationship with
respect to each other and are joined together by the member or weakened
portion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein a yieldable connection is provided
between the holding device and the driving section by a connecting
means carried by or formed on either the device or the section which
connecting means either is capable of flexing within its elastic
limit or includes a yieldable biasing means which urges the connecting
means to an operative position, whereby the connecting means is
movable to an inoperative, disconnect position upon the application
of excessive torque.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter wherein the connecting means comprises a
first tooth or toothlike member located on either the holding device
or driving section and a second tooth or toothlike member, or other
structure located on either the holding device or the driving section,
the second tooth, member, or structure being yieldably engageable
and relatively movable with the first tooth or toothlike member.
WITH MEANS TO INDICATE APPLICATION OF PREDETERMINED STRESS-STRAIN:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a holding device includes a self-contained
part which functions to permit measuring of, or to denote attainment or
loss of a desired degree of, tension, compression, or torque in
the device.
Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for methods of measuring and testing
stresses or strains in a bolt, and for measuring and testing apparatus
not entirely a part of the fastener in situ, particularly
subclasses 141+ for means for measuring a direct push or pull on
a fastener.
Communications: Electrical,
subclass 668 for electric signaling devices not entirely a part
of a fastener in situ responsive to and controlled by the tension
or stress in the fastener.
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Subject matter wherein the self-contained part includes
means having a dimension which lies substantially parallel to the
axis along which the holding device is advanced, which means is responsive
to and indicative of a change in the loading condition of the holding
means by variations in said dimension.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein the self-contained part is in the
form of an annular or cylindrical member which is altered in height
to indicate the attainment, or loss of a desired degree of tension,
compression, or torque.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter wherein the annular or cylindrical member
is axially resilient to allow an elastic reduction in height.
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter wherein the resilient member is in the form
of a helically wound element which is axially compressed to indicate
the attainment of a desired degree of tension, compression, or torque.
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Subject matter wherein the self-contained part carries a
distinct color producing a visual indication of the measuring attainment
or loss of a desired degree of tension, compression, or torque in
the device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Subject matter wherein the self-contained part carries or
contains a discrete means for measuring the degree of tension, compression,
or torque in the device.
TENSIONED ALONG THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS BY A COAXIAL FORCE APPLYING
DEVICE (E.G., MECHANICAL TENSIONER):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the fastener in which an apparatus
applies a stress or pull parallel to an imaginary line through the
longest dimension of the bolt, screw, nail, rivet, etc. and the
apparatus is then removed.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the longitudinal extent of a holding
device or an anchor can be increased and means are provided to effect
this increase in dimension.
(1)
Note. The increasing means of this subclass includes but
is not limited to a wedge-shaped mandrel, fluid pressure, a screw
(tapered or straight shanked) for applying and expanding force to
the holding device, cooperating sloped faces, etc.
Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),
subclasses 157+ for an auger anchor insertable in the ground; and
subclasses 698+ for an anchor embedded in a settable material,
connected to a subsurface member or conformed to a specially modified
base, and see the note in subclass 698 for the line.
Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, appropriate subclasses for expanding anchors or
holding devices used with tunnels. As between Classes 411 and 405,
Class 405 takes a rock bolt having means to grout it in place or
earth anchors combined with retaining walls or like structures which
are desired to be secured to the earth. In addition, Class 405
takes rock bolts combined with specific roof-supporting systems
or such bolts combined with support plates where the plates have
a roof support, e.g., load-bearing features, hangers, peculiar terrestrial coacting
features, etc. Class 405 is the repository for the support plates, per
se, which are associated with rock bolts. Class 411 takes expanding anchors,
per se, even though they are solely disclosed as being rock bolts
or such anchors associated with nominal roof support plates.
Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),
subclasses 705+ for a socket type anchor having a helical feature
on its exterior surface, and see the note in subclass 698 for the
line.
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter wherein the means to effect the dimension
increase includes a member having a helical rib formed on its exterior
surface which member is inserted into and causes expansion of the
spirally wound sleeve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter wherein the holding device or anchor has
a chamber therein, and expansion is caused by fluent pressure applied
within the chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter wherein the holding device or anchor includes
a member which bounds the remainder of the device or anchor and
which is provided with a port through which a portion of the remainder
of the device or anchor extends to effect or enhance the securement
of the device or anchor in place.
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter wherein the portion of the remainder of the
device or anchor includes means which is bent or otherwise reshaped
to bring it into an operative position to effect or enhance securement
of the holding device or anchor.
(1)
Note. The term "deformable element" of this
and the indented subclass is inclusive of a mass of flowable material, including
granular material, which is caused to flow in a desired fashion
when a force is applied to it.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Subject matter wherein the means which is reshaped includes
a body composed of either (a) a plastically yieldable material,
the overall configuration of which is altered when a force is applied
to the body or (b) a plurality of constituent particles which are
free to move relative to each other when a force is applied to the body.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter wherein the anchor or device includes a pair
of oppositely disposed tapered elements which increase the circumferential extent
of the holding device or the anchor by their relative movement axially
toward or away from each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Subject matter wherein the tapered elements are disposed
within the holding device or anchor and effect expansion of the
device or anchor by moving away from each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Subject matter wherein a threaded shaft extends between
the tapered elements, and each of the elements either are provided
with thread means which coact with the shaft or are engaged by a
driving member which is provided with shaft coacting thread means
such that upon rotation of the shaft the tapered elements move towards
or away from each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Subject matter wherein cooperating means are provided on
one of the tapered elements and on the remainder of the anchor or
the holding device to prevent relative rotation therebetween.
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter wherein a tapered element and the remainder
of the holding device or the anchor are each provided with either
a groove means or a protuberance means which cooperate to prevent
those members from turning relative to each other when the tapered
elements move toward or away from each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter wherein the anchor or holding device is provided
with means to form an anchor or holding device receiving aperture
in a medium within which the anchor is to be secured or in the elements
or portions to be secured together.
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Subject matter wherein the anchor or holding device includes
a substantially cylindrical sleeve which has the aperture forming
means carried at one end thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter wherein the aperture forming means is in
the form of sharp teeth peripherally arranged about the end of the
sleeve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter wherein the anchor or holding devices includes
either (a) a single portion or zone, composed of a plurality of
separate, expansible members, which portion or zone can have its
circumferential extent altered or (b) a plurality of spaced portions
or zones each of which can have its circumferential extent altered.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter wherein the holding device or anchor is expanded
by moving the ends thereof toward each other so as to collapse a
sleeve structure thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Subject matter wherein the holding device or anchor is
in the form of a generally tubular member having an elongated opening
in a wall thereof and including a portion having tapered edge surfaces
adjacent an end of the elongated opening which act against the side
edges of the elongated opening to facilitate bulging of the sleeve
as the ends thereof are axially contracted.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter wherein the holding device or anchor is in
the form of a generally tubular member one end of which is caused
to turn relative to its other end when the member is bulged.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter wherein the holding device or anchor includes
means carried by and in addition to the expanded portion which means
is forced into penetrating or frictional engagement with a part
into which the holding device or anchor is inserted.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter wherein the holding device or anchor is provided
either with a deformed area or area having a decreased dimension
such that during movement of ends toward each other expansion occurs
at these areas.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter wherein a weakened area is provided on the
holding device or anchor to facilitate its separation into discrete
parts when sufficient force is applied.
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter wherein a connection between the expander
element and the remainder of the holding device or anchor defines
a weakened area which fractures in response to a predetermined force.
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein the holding device or anchor includes
a head end opposite an insertion end thereof and wherein the expander projects
axially outwardly.
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter wherein the holding device or anchor comprises
a substantially tubular element which includes a weakened area which fractures
in response to a predetermined force.
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter which includes a member for moving an expander
element wherein the member is formed with a pull portion which is connected
to the remainder of the member by a weakened section which fractures
upon the application of a predetermined force thereto.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter wherein the holding device or anchor comprises
a sleeve in the form of a tubular element having a bore which is engaged
by an expander having a wedging surface to effect expansion of the
tubular element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein means are provided for holding the
expander in assembled relationship with the holding device or anchor
prior to expansion thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Subject matter wherein the expander and the holding device
or anchor are provided with mating protuberance and slot means having closed
ends whereby the slot means act to hold the expander in the assembled
condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Subject matter wherein the means for maintaining the expander
in assembled relationship comprises a section of material spanning
an open end on the holding device or anchor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Subject matter wherein the means for holding the expander
in assembled relationship comprises an inwardly extending projection
carried by the holding device or anchor with the innermost extremity
thereof being unattached.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein means are provided for preventing
rotative movement between the sleeve and the expander.
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Subject matter wherein the expander and the sleeve are each
provided with either protuberance means or cooperating means to
restrain the protuberance in a rectilinear fashion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the guide and protuberance means
are in the form of a plurality of grooves and relatively long, narrow
ribs mating with said grooves.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein either the expander or a portion
of the sleeve is of multisided cross section, and a corner of said
cross section acts as the protuberance means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein either the cooperating means or the
protuberance means includes wedging surfaces which effect or aid
in the expansion of the sleeve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein expansion is effected by the expander
being held in a fixed position as the sleeve is axially moved relative
thereto.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter in which the movement of the tubular member
dilates around the already installed wedging surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter which includes a mover element wherein the
mover element activates the expander by means of threaded engagement therebetween.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein the expander includes a plurality
of sections of progressively increasing diameters to effect varying
degrees of expansion of the sleeve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein an elongated, narrow aperture is
formed in the tubular element then dilated by the wedging surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.1. Subject matter wherein the elongated, narrow aperture has
its ends axially spaced from respective ends of the sleeve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.1. Subject matter wherein the slotted sleeve in which the
wedging surface contacts the tubular member in the direction that
the tubular member is inserted in an opening.
This subclass is indented under subclass 60.1. Subject matter wherein the expander into the slotted sleeve
in which the wedging surface has a projecting helical rib that matches
with a fastener rib.
This subclass is indented under subclass 60.1. Subject matter wherein the slotted sleeve in which a portion
of the sleeve has a jointed or flexible piece which rotates away
from the axis of the sleeve upon actuation of the expander.
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.1. Subject matter wherein the sleeve is formed from a single
sheet of material bent into shape with free edges of the sheet defining
the sides of the elongated narrow aperture.
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.1. Subject matter wherein the elongated, narrow aperture is
inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the sleeve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Subject matter wherein the retainer means is in the form
of a ring or sleeve which extends circumferentially of the sections.
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Subject matter wherein the retainer means comprises a strap
element having its ends secured to the respective sections.
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Subject matter wherein the retainer means comprises a projection
on one section received in a corresponding recess in an adjacent
section.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein material of the expander or of the
sleeve is caused to plastically flow during relative axial movement between
the expander and sleeve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein the expander includes an elongated
section as a unitary part thereof to be gripped by puller means
for moving the expander relative to the sleeve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein the sleeve is provided with gripping
means on its exterior surface which is adapted to engage walls of
a hole in a part into which the sleeve is inserted which gripping
means prevents rotative or axial movement of the sleeve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter wherein the gripping means comprises the
combination of a circumferential protuberance and a protuberance
extending axially of the sleeve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Subject matter wherein the gripping means is formed by being
severed and bent out from the walls of the sleeve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter which includes a holding device or anchor
having a tapered surface thereon engaged by a mating surface on
a second member wherein relative axial movement between the two
surfaces results in a change in the transverse dimension of the
device or anchor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter wherein the second member is disposed within
a longitudinal slot in the holding device or anchor.
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