Class Definition for Class 409 - GEAR CUTTING, MILLING, OR PLANING

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CLASS 409,	GEAR CUTTING, MILLING, OR PLANING
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class is the home for a patent directed to the method of or a machine for penetrating material without substantially reshaping the flow of such material by means of a solid tool whose edge defines a line of cut, where in the device is intended to: (a) form a product from a workpiece, which product includes protuberances intended to interfit with pockets in a cooperating member, generally for the transmission of motive force from one of the members to the other; (b) cut by a rotating cutter that forms a shaped surface on the workpiece; or (c) cut by a cutter that reciprocates relative to a workpiece and forms a shaped surface on the workpiece).

See the Search This Class, Subclass references below for specific subclass references

SECTION II - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1+,	for a device intended to form a product from a workpiece, which product includes protuberances intended to interfit with pockets in a cooperating member, generally for the transmission of motive force from one of the members to the other .
64+,	for a device intended to cut by a rotating cutter that forms a shaped surface on the workpiece.
243+,	288, for a device intended to cut by a cutter that reciprocates relative to a workpiece and forms a shaped surface on the workpiece.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

29,	Metal Working, (a) appropriate subclasses for gear cutting, milling, or planing combined with another work-treating operation, particularly subclasses 90.01+ , when the other operation is burnishing; (b) subclasses 1.01-179 (as appearing in the class schedule) for cutting to shape peculiar to the manufacture of a device provided for in that group of subclasses. (This note may be applied to numerous classes not set forth in these search notes, i.e., a device peculiar to the manufacture of a certain article will be found in the class providing for the manufacture of that article.)
30,	Cutlery, for a hand tool used to cut work to shape.
82,	Turning, for cutting to shape of a rotating workpiece; and subclasses 46+ for cutting to subdivide by use of a cutter orbiting about an axis passing through the work.
83,	Cutting, for subdividing of two portions of work, generally. Search subclasses 875+ for grooving with the removal of material by use of a cutter providing no intentional shape to the bottom of the groove. As a practical matter, grooving of Class 83, subclasses 875+ is limited to the action of a saw blade. Search subclass 879 for scoring of a workpiece with no removal of chips. A cutting maching or method or both cut to shape and cut to subdivide with the same or different tools will be found in class (409).
144,	Woodworking, for cutting limited to the shaping of wood. (This note may be applied to numerous classes not set forth in these notes, i.e., a device peculiar to shaping of certain material will be found in the class providing for shaping of that material).
157,	Wheelwright Machines, subclass 13 for apparatus for or method of treating the outer periphery of a rubber tire casing by a slitting or machining operation.
173,	Tool Driving or Impacting, for subject matter directed to driving or impacting a tool, when such subject matter includes combined features peculiar to tool driving, but does not include features limiting the subject matter to a specific tool art, such as specific shape of the work contacting portion of a tool, related tools, or an opposed work support.
269,	Work Holders, the residual locus for a device for clamping, supporting, and/or holding an article(s) in position to be operated on or treated. See the notes thereunder for other related loci.
279,	Chucks or Sockets, for a work or tool holder of general utility adapted to approach the member being held by jaws converging thereupon.
407,	Cutters, for Shaping, for a tool element adapted to be attached to a machine of this class. A tool combined with any other work recognizing (engaging) structure or with means to drive or support the tool and move relative to the tool will be found in this class (409) rather than Class 407.
408,	Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, for a machine for or process of cutting by use of a tool turning about an axis and moving along that axis toward a workpiece wherein no additional motion is imparted to the cutting edge of the tool during operation; especially subclasses 26+ for the combination of cutting in the manner of that class (408) with cutting in the manner of this class (409). A device which may be converted from an operation of this class to an operation of Class 408 is to be found in this class (409).
451,	Abrading, for shaping a crystalline cutting, particularly subclasses 67+ for abrading combined with cutting to shape. Class 409 is considered to be superior to Class 451, so that a patent including a claim proper for this class and another claim proper for Class 451 will be classified in this class. Similarly, a disclosure of both abrading to shape and cutting to shape with no claim specific to the type of cutting tool will be found in Class 409.
483,	Tool Changing, generally for a process or apparatus including a tool transfer means combined with a tool support or storage means.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 1]

GEAR CUTTING:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus or method particularly adapted to form an element on a workpiece body, which element is intended to intermesh with an element on another body whereby motive force may be transmitted from one of the bodies to the other.

(1) Note. A gear pump rotor is considered to transmit force to the other rotor. Also, the drive element sprocket of a gear driven chain is considered to be similar to a gear tooth.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 640+ for a gear formed by the apparatus or process of this subclass.
407,	Cutters, for Shaping, subclasses 20+ for a cutting tool to be used in the apparatus or process of this subclass.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 2]

With regulation of operation by use of templet, card or other replaceable information supply:

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Apparatus or method for detecting the characteristics (e.g., physical, electrical, etc.) of a member carrying operating instructions for the apparatus, which member is separate from both the workpiece and the organized structure of the apparatus.

(1) Note. This subclass includes utilizing a prepared information supply that is to be removably placed in the apparatus. This subclass does not include utilizing the characteristics of a permanent part of the apparatus, such as a cam or gear, to influence the operation of other parts.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

67,	for similar control combined with a milling machine for generating a thread or helix.
79,	for similar control combined with milling, generally.
289,	for similar control combined with planing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

408,	Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, subclass 3 for similar control structure for a boring or drilling machine.

3	Including follower for templet:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Apparatus or method including means for detecting the physical surface configuration of the separate information member.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 4]

And burnishing simultaneously:

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Apparatus for or method of performing the operation of ... combined with condensing, compacting, smoothing, or polishing the surface of the workpiece usually by rubbing the workpiece with a smooth tool having a surface of greater hardness than that of the workpiece wherein forming and condensing, etc., are performed at the same time.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

29,	Metal Working, subclasses 90.01+ for gear cutting combined with burnishing wherein the operations can be performed independently.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 5]

With compensation for backlash in drive means:

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Apparatus or method including provision for tranmission of force to a workpiece or to a cutting tool wherein a first drive member transmits force and movement of a second drive member, including provision to adjust, eliminate, or make other allowance for undesired relative movement between the drive members and the workpiece or the cutting tool resulting from clearance between the drive member.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

146,	for compensation for backlash in the drive means of a milling machine.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 409 for means to eliminate backlash in an element of a gear train; and subclasses 440+ for means to eliminate backlash in sectional gears.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 6]

With work or product advancing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Apparatus or method including a work station and including means to move a workpiece to that station or including means to move the product that has been shaped at the work station away from that station.

(1) Note. Means to transfer material from one work station to another work station is considered to be proper for this subclass since the material is the product of the first station and is the work of the second station.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

72,	for thread or helix milling means combined with work or product advancing means.
159+,	for a milling machine including means to infeed the work to the cutter and with means to advance the work or product.
172+,	for a milling machine, broadly, combined with means to advance work or product.
174,	for a milling machine, broadly, combined with means to manipulate the work.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

82,	Turning, subclasses 124+ for a lathe with work feeding and/or removing mechanism.
221,	Article Dispensing, for a method of or apparatus for dispensing or feeding an article not otherwise classified; and especially subclasses 239 and 294 for an article dispenser or feeder delivering to a clamp or holddown. See the class definition of Class 221 for a statement of the lines between the classes and for the disposition of other related art.
226,	Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, for a method of or apparatus for feeding material without utilizing the leading or trailing end to effect movement of the material.
414,	Material or Article Handling, for work advancing, including single or multiple, nominal shaping stations. Generally, work handling to present a workpiece to a named shaping means will be found in Class 414.
470,	Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and Apparatus, subclasses 164+ for a miscellaneous machine for feeding nail blanks, screw blanks, nut blanks, nail plates, or other stock specialized to performing the various steps in the manufacture of an article of that class.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 7]

Utilizing transfer arm:

This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Apparatus or method including the utilization of means to advance a workpiece to the tool station comprising use of a horizontally extending cantilever structure adapted to carry and position the workpiece into operating position in the securing portion of the work holder.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

901,	Robots, subcollection 6+ for a robot which cooperates with another machine.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 8]

Gear chamfering or deburring:

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Apparatus or method including a cutting tool to (a) form a generally straight surface intersecting two surfaces previously formed on an intermeshing element (gear tooth) or (b) sever off any protruding edge unintentionally formed on an intermeshing element during formation thereof.

(1) Note. The apparatus or process of this subclass is somewhat different from that of the remainder of the subclasses under subclass 1 in that the cutting edge of the cutting tool of this subclass does not form the basic shape of the element for transmitting motive force, rather the apparatus or process of this subclass is for the ancillary treatment of such an element of removal of unwanted surface irregularities or protuberances.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

83,	Cutting, subclass 869 for chamfering, generally.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 9]

Using relatively reciprocating or oscillating cutter:

This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Apparatus or method wherein the means to form or sever is a cutting tool adapted to move to-and-fro along a straight or arcuate line with respect to the workpiece during cutting.

(1) Note. A rotary cutting on a reciprocating carriage is not considered to be "reciprocating or oscillating" for this subclass.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 10]

Gear tooth shape generating:

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Apparatus or method including formation of an intermeshable element by a cutting tool making several cutting passes through a workpiece with relative repositioning of the workpiece and the cutting tool between cutting passes so that a first portion of the final configuration of the intermeshable element is formed by a first cutting pass and a second portion is formed by a subsequent pass.

(1) Note. Cutting a spline on a shaft is considered to be proper for this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

65,	for similar formation of a thread or helix.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

407,	Cutters, for Shaping, subclass 28 for a cutting element to be used in the apparatus or process of this subclass.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 11]

Hobbing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Apparatus or method in which the cutting tool is adapted to turn about an axis, the cutting tool including at least three radially outwardly directed cutting teeth positioned spirally about the cutting tool axis, each tooth including a cutting edge formed by intersecting planar surfaces one of which surfaces is generally parallel to and radiates from the cutting tool axis, said surface directing a chip formed by the cutting operation away from the cutting edge wherein the cutting tool is rotated and the cutting tool and workpiece are moved relative to each other thus causing the cutting edge to form the intermeshable element on the workpiece, wherein all intermeshable elements of a gear are generated as a continuous operation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

407,	Cutters, for Shaping, subclass 20 for a cutter element to be used in the machine or process of this subclass.

12	Process:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Method of forming a gear .

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 13]

Generating tooth for bevel gear:

This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Method wherein the body on which the intermeshable element is formed is adapted to rotate about an axis and wherein the intermeshable element is formed so that it extends to a greater radial distance at one axial end than at the other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

27+,	for apparatus for hobbing a bevel gear by milling with a radial faced tool.
43+,	for apparatus for cutting a bevel gear by use of a reciprocating or oscillating cutter.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 14]

Including means to shift hob between cutting passes:

This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Apparatus wherein the cutting tool is adjustable relative to the workpiece, when out of engagement with the workpiece, by being repositioned along the cutter axis.

(1) Note. The adjustment of this subclass is usually to bring about more uniform wear of the teeth of the hob.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 15]

With control means energized in response to activator stimulated by condition sensor:

This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Apparatus including means for: (a) detecting any of the following characteristics; a state or property, a change in a state or property, or the occurrence of a predetermined event in any of the following: the workpiece, the product of the apparatus, the apparatus itself, or the environment of the apparatus affecting the operation thereof; and (b) initating (as a direct result of that detection) a signal other than that generated or transmitted by the detected means, and (c) regulating or modifying (as a direct result of said initiation) the operation of the means to affect the cutting.

(1) Note. The activator (or initiating means) of this subclass serves to trigger a source of energy other than energy of the sensed condition.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

147,	for control means combined with a milling machine having work infeed.
186,	for control means combined with a milling machine having axial cutter infeed.
193,	for control means combined with a milling machine having cutter infeed, generally.
207,	for control means combined with a milling machine having means to adjustably position the cutter.
245,	for control means combined with a broaching machine.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

408,	Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, subclass 8 for similar structure for regulating the operation of a machine of that class type.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 16]

Plural hobs:

This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Apparatus including a first cutting tool and a second cutting tool each for performing the operation of that subclass wherein the cutting tools are capable of relative movement as assembled in the apparatus with respect to each other during the shaping operation.

(1) Note. A first cutting bit and a second cutting bit mounted on the same cutting tool holder are considered to be two edges of the same cutting tool rather than plural cutting tools.

17	Including infeed means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Apparatus including means to support the cutting tool and means to support the workpiece and including means to cause relative approach of the cutting tool and workpiece to effect the cutting operation.

18	To infeed along axis of work rotation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Apparatus including means to support the workpiece for rotation about an axis during cutting thereof wherein the relative approach effected has a component in the direction parallel to that axis.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 19]

Infeed of cutter:

This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Apparatus including a support adapted to carry the cutting tool wherein the cutting tool is moved relative to the support and relative to the workpiece to effect the cutting operation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

23,	for means for feeding a hob radially of the work axis.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 20]

And infeed radially of axis of work rotation:

This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Apparatus wherein the relative approach effected also has a component in the direction toward or away from the axis about which the workpiece turns.

(1) Note. Included herein is a cutter moving relative to the workpiece diagonally (to form a tapered product) as well as a cutter first moving directly radially toward the workpiece and then purely in the direction of the work axis.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

22+,	for means to feed a gear-cutting hob relative to a workpiece toward an axis with no component in the direction of the work axis.

21	Vertically:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Apparatus wherein the workpiece is supported to turn about an axis extending generally up and down with respect to the earth and wherein the cutting tool is moved relative to the support and relative to the workpiece along the axis to effect the cutting operation.

22	To infeed radially of axis of work rotation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Apparatus including means to support the workpiece for rotation about an axis during cutting thereof wherein the relative approach effected has a component in the direction toward or away from that axis.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 23]

Infeed of cutter:

This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Apparatus including a support adapted to carry the cutting tool wherein the cutting tool is moved relative to the support and relative to the workpiece to effect the cutting operation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

19,	for means for feeding a hob along work axis.

24	And infeed tangentially of work axis:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus wherein the cutting tool is moved relative to the workpiece in a straight line that does not pass through the axis of the workpiece to effect the cutting operation.

25	Milling with radial faced tool:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Apparatus or method for formation of an intermeshable element by use of a cutting tool adapted to rotate about an axis, the cutting tool including a planar surface normal to and extending across that axis from which surface extends a protrusion having a sharp cutting edge wherein the cutting tool is unsupported from the end having the planar surface and is supported for rotation from the opposite axial end.

26	Process:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Method of forming a gear .

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 27]

Adapted to cut bevel gear:

This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Apparatus wherein the body on which the intermeshable element is formed is adapted to rotate about an axis and wherein the intermeshable element is formed so that it extends to a greater radial distance at one axial end than at the other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

13,	for the process of generating a bevel gear by hobbing.
43+,	for apparatus for cutting a bevel gear by use of a reciprocating or oscillating cutter.

28	With means to continuously rotate work and means to co-form all teeth of gear:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Apparatus including means to support and turn the workpiece about an axis relative to the cutting tool such that a first intermeshable element is partially formed, then a second intermeshable element is partially formed, then a third, etc., until all the intermeshable elements of the gear being formed are partially formed, then all the elements are further formed until all the elements have been completed during the final rotation of the workpiece.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 29]

Bevel gear having nonparallel opposing tooth flanks:

This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Apparatus including means to relatively move the cutting tool and workpiece so that the resulting groove between adjacent intermeshable elements has walls that are deliberately formed so that if extended, they would meet.

(1) Note. In the generation of a bevel gear by use of a radial face mill, normally, there will be more slight inherent variation in the spacing of the walls of the groove formed between adjacent intermeshable elements; included in this subclass is that structure wherein there is a deliberate effort to bring about additional taper of the groove.

30	Including rotary cutter cradle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Apparatus wherein the workpiece is supported for rotation about an axis and means are included to support the cutting tool for rotation during the cutting operation about an axis that is offset from the cutting tool to thereby cause the cutting tool to arcuately traverse the rotating workpiece and engage the perimeter of the workpiece so that the peripheral velocity of the workpiece equals the traversing velocity of the cutting tool.

31	By relative axial movement between synchronously indexing or rotating work and cutter:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Apparatus or method including supporting the cutting tool having a cutting edge for continuous or intermittent rotation about a first axis and supporting the workpiece for continuous or intermittent rotation about a second axis and effecting relative movement between the cutting edge and the workpiece generally along the axis of the cutting tool, including controlling the continuous or intermittent rotation of the cutting tool and the continuous or intermittent rotation of the workpiece to cause the cutting tool to form the final configuration of the intermeshable element in more than one engagement by the cutting edge.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 32]

Crowning:

This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus or method wherein the formed element is generally ridgelike and is generally higher in the central portion thereof than at the ends.

(1) Note. The height of the ridgelike element is the distance from a base if the product is a rack, is the distance from the axis if the product is a spur gear, is the distance from the vanishing crest cone if the product is a bevel gear, etc.

33	Displacing cutter axially relative to work (e.g., gear shaving, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus or method including means for moving the entire cutting tool relative to the workpiece generally along the axis of the cutting tool.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 34]

Using gear shaper-cutter:

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus or method including structure to support a workpiece and structure to support a cutting tool with provision to cause the cutting tool to be reciprocated to pass to-and-fro relative to the workpiece to effect the cutting operation, which cutting tool support structure also includes provision to cause the cutting tool to be turned about an axis generally parallel to the direction of reciprocation between passes, for generating an intermeshable element in a series of passes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

407,	Cutters, for Shaping, subclass 28 for a cutting tool to be used in the machine or process of this subclass.

35	Plural distinct cutting edges:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Apparatus or method including a first and a second sharp edge for cutting to shape, wherein either (a) the first sharp edge is part of a cutting tool that is separate from the cutting tool of which the other sharp edge is a part or (b) the first and second sharp edges are members of the same cutting tool but are axially spaced along the axis about which the cutter is adapted to index or rotate.

36	Cutting rotating work, the axis of which lies in a plane intersecting the cutter axis:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Apparatus or method wherein the workpiece is supported for movement about axis during cutting action relative to the cutting tool and wherein the cutting tool is adapted to be indexed between cutting passes about a second axis, in which apparatus to process the cutting tool axis is neither parallel to nor intersecting of the axis of the workpiece so that the two axes are not lying in a common plane.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 37]

Gear shaving:

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Apparatus or method including use of a finishing cutter to cut away a small amount of material from the surface of a previously formed gear tooth.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

33,	for gear shaving by a cutter synchronously rotating with a workpiece.
34,	for gear shaving by a cutter synchronously indexing with and reciprocating relative to a workpiece.
49,	for gear shaving, generally.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 38]

Using rotary cutter:

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Apparatus or method including supporting of the cutting tool to turn about an axis through more than 360° during cutting relative to the workpiece and relative to the base of the machine.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

50,	for apparatus or method of using a rotary cutter to form a gear tooth, generally.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 39]

Having axially directed cutting edge:

This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus or method including use of a sharp cutting edge intended to be brought into engagement with the workpiece by relative movement of the cutter and workpiece along the axis of the cutting tool.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

25,	for a similar cutter wherein the cutter includes a radial face and wherein the cutting edge is a part of a protuberance extending out of that radial face.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 40]

Plural rotary cutters:

This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus or method including supporting a first cutting tool for movement through more than 360° during cutting and including supporting a second cutting tool for movement throughmore than 360° during cutting, wherein the first and second cutting tools are relatively movable as assembled in the apparatus.

(1) Note. A first cutting bit and a second cutting bit mounted on the same cutting tool holder are considered to be two edges of the same cutting tool rather than plural cutters.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

55,	for use of plural rotary cutters to form gear teeth, generally.

41	On reciprocating carriage:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus or method including support of the cutting tool to turn about an axis on a member and including moving that member and the cutting to-and-fro relative to the workpiece during the cutting operation.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 42]

Using reciprocating or oscillating cutter:

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Apparatus or method including supporting and guiding the cutting tool to move to-and-fro either along a straight or arcuate line with respect to the workpiece during cutting.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

38,	for supporting of a cutting tool for rotation to-and-fro more than 360° during cutting.
58,	for general forming of a gear by use of a reciprocating or oscillating cutter.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 43]

Bevel gear cutting:

This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Apparatus or method wherein the body on which the intermeshable element is formed is adapted to rotate about an axis and wherein the intermeshable element is formed so that it extends to a greater radial distance at one axial end than the other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

13,	for the process of generating a bevel gear by hobbing.
27+,	for apparatus for hobbing a bevel gear by milling with a radial faced tool.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 44]

Dual cutters:

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus or method including the use of a first cutting tool for formation of an intermeshable element and the use of a second distinct cutting tool for formation of an intermeshable element, wherein the second cutting tool is of similar or generally allochiral shape to the first cutting tool and wherein the first and second cutting tools are relatively movable as assembled in the apparatus.

(1) Note. The second cutting tool of this subclass may cut the same workpiece as the first but at a different location, may cut a second workpiece in the same manner as the first cutting tool cuts the first workpiece, or may cut a surface cut by the first cutting tool.

(2) Note. "Allochiral" may be defined as (a) reversely congruent, (b) mirror imagelike or, (c) similar but opposite, as the right hand is similar but opposite to the shape of the left hand.

45	Double acting cutter:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus or method wherein the cutting tool is adapted to cut in the first direction of movement over the work and is adapted to cut in the return direction of movement over the work.

46	Rectilinearly reciprocating cutter:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Apparatus or method wherein the cutting tool is limited to move to-and-fro along a straight path.

47	Cutter comprising a rack:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Apparatus or method wherein the cutting tool is generally elongated in a first direction with a plurality of cutting teeth extending laterally from one long side thereof, which cutting tool is adapted to be moved laterally relative to the work so that in a cutting pass each tooth engages the workpiece without following another tooth.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 48]

Making a noncircular gear, worm, rotor, or a planar-faced gear:

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Apparatus or method wherein the intended product comprises: (a) A rotary driving member including a plurality of intermeshable elements intended to sequentially engage similar elements on another similar member wherein the elements on the member being formed are positioned in a path that is other than circular about the axis of the rotary member; (b) a rotary driving member including a ridge-like intermeshable element extending helically about the axis thereof, which member is intended to transmit rotary motion to another member; (c) a rotary member including an element intended to intermesh with a similar element on another member, wherein the members are not actually intended to transmit force to one another, but rather are intended to transmit force to something else (as in the case of the rotary members of a gear-type pump), or (d) a rotary driving member including a face normal to the rotary axis thereof and including an intermeshable element extending generally axially therefrom.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

65+,	for generating a screw thread on a nongearlike member.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 49]

Gear shaving:

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Apparatus or method including use of a finishing cutter to cut away a small amount of material from the surface of a previously formed gear tooth.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

37,	for gear shaving by generating.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

407,	Cutters, for Shaping, subclass 27 for a rotary gear shaving tool.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 50]

Using rotary cutter:

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Apparatus or method including supporting of the cutting tool to turn about an axis through more than 3605 during cutting relative to the workpiece and relative to the base of the machine.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

38,	for apparatus or method for using a rotary cutter to generate a gear tooth.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

483,	Tool Changing, subclass 18 for a rotating work machine tool combined with a means to transfer a tool to or from a rotary spindle tool support.

51	Process:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Method of forming a gear.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 52]

End mill:

This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus including a cutting tool adapted to turn about an axis, which cutting tool has a distal end provided with a cutting protuberance terminating in an axially directed cutting edge.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

407,	Cutters, for Shaping, subclass 21 for a cutting tool, per se, for cutting of a gear by an axially directed cutting edge.
408,	Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, for structure for cutting by a rotating tool moving only axially relative to the work.

53	Radially faced:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Apparatus wherein the cutting tool is provided at the distal end with a planar surface generally normal to the axis thereof from which the cutting protuberance extends.

54	Using plural, selectively usable tools:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Apparatus including a first cutting tool and a second cutting tool, wherein only one of the cutting tools is intended to be used at a given time.

[List of Patents for class 409 subclass 55]

Plural rotary cutters:

This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus including means for supporting a first cutting tool for movement through more than 360° during cutting and including means for supporting a second cutting tool for movement through more than 360° during cutting, wherein the first and second cutting tools are relatively movable as assembled in the apparatus.

(1) Note. A first cutting bit and a second cutting bit mounted on the same cutting tool holder are considered to be two edges of the same cutting tool rather than plural cutters.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

40,	for use of plural rotary cutters to generate gear teeth.

56	Cutting action along work axis: