This is the generic class for an apparatus wherein a user of
the apparatus causes an intelligible character* to be imprinted
on a record-medium* by a type-member* that is
impressed on the record-medium, said type-member being selected
from a plurality of different type-members, and the selected type-members
being impressed serially to form a sequence of characters that record intelligible
information.
This class includes a method of using the apparatus described
above.
(1)
Note. The definition as written above is intended to emphasize
the major difference between this class (400) and the class of printing.
The difference is that as a general rule in this class each character* is imprinted
serially by a type-member* that is selected from an assortment
of type-members, the assortment containing only one of each type-member
to be impressed, and the selection being made in sequence to imprint
one character after another to form a word, and one word after another
to form the text to be read. In the printing class, on the other
hand, a plurality of type-members are arranged to be printed simultaneously
to form a print-line* or a page* or a plurality of
pages of printed text.
(2)
Note. The word "intelligible" in the definition
of this class does not limit the character to a visible character.
A character that is invisible to the human eye can be intelligible
to a "scanner" that "reads",
for example, infrared light emanations, and thus be intelligible
within the definition stated above.
(3)
Note. Explanatory note regarding placement of patents within
the class. A typewriter includes many elements, often numbering
in the hundreds and even thousands of elements. Because of this,
many patents in the typewriter art include claims that recite elements
of a typewriter that are named in a claim for the purpose of setting forth
the environment of the inventive structure. In such patents, the
mere naming of various elements in a claim will not necessarily
be the basis of placing a patent having such a claim into the schedule
as an original patent. Original placement will be based upon the
inventive concept emphasized in a patent claim rather than on the basis
of all the elements that are merely named in a claim.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
The relationship of this class (400) to classes which warrant
specific mention is as follows:
Class 101, Printing, involves the imprinting on a record-medium* of
a multitude of character symbols simultaneously to form a print-line* or
a page* or a plurality of pages of printed text. The significant
difference between this class (400) and Class 101 lies in the term "simultaneously".
In Class 101 plurality of type-face* elements are assembled.
If a plurality of occurrences of a particular character are to
be printed, a corresponding number of type-faces representing that
character are included in the assemblage. When the entire assemblage
of type-faces is inked and impressed against a record-medium, all
the type-faces will be imprinted simultaneously. In this class
(400) only one type-face element is provided for each character
to be imprinted, and the type-faces are impressed in sequence to
form the text. Two exceptions should be noted. In a stenographic typewriter,
the typist may select two or more characters to be imprinted to
form a syllable of a word, and may then select two or more characters
to form another syllable of a word. One or more of the characters
selected for one syllable may be selected again to form another syllable,
but only one type-face for each character to be imprinted is provided
in the stenographic typewriter. In a logotype typewriter a plurality
of type-face elements may be preassembled to form a word or symbol,
but the logotype type-face is one of the type-face elements of the
typewriter, and the logotype type-face element is selected as one
of the type-face elements in the sequence of characters to be imprinted
serially. Various subcombinations of elements are usable either
in a Class 101 printing press or in a typewriter of this class (400).
Among such subcombinations are a ribbon-feeding or ribbon-inking
mechanism, a record-medium feeding mechanism, etc., but the placement
of a patent to such subcombination will be governed by the environment
of the machine.
Class 178, Telegraphy, includes in subclasses 4 and 23 disclosures
of printing telegraph systems that are similar in some aspects to
a typewriter. In general, Class 178 involves a telegraphic system
including one or more signal-sending units, one or more signal-receiving
units, and electrical circuitry, the system being capable of (a) transmitting
a signal over great distances, or (b) boosting or amplifying the
signal, or (c) mixing signals that have been generated in a plurality
of sending units, transmitting the mixed signals over a single line
and unmixing the signals at a plurality of receiving units so that
each receiver will transcribe only its own signal from the single
line, or (d) selecting the receiving units that will be controlled
by the sending units. Class 178 also provides, in various subclasses,
for subcombinations including key-board*, key* element,
type wheel, and other elements that are peculiar to printing telegraph systems.
This class (400) as related to Class 178, involves a typewriter
that is (a) directly coupled to a second typewriter by electrical
or mechanical linkage over a short distance (e.g., "master-slave" relationship), or
(b) coupled by way of a "storage" or "memory" circuit
to itself or to a second typewriter (e.g., "input-output" relationship),
or (c) controlled to modify the typing signals generated by a typist
to create a text different from that which would be produced by
the unmodified generated signals (e.g., by "justification" (see
subclass 1). This class (400) will also accept subcombinational aspects
of a telegraphic printer that embody typewriter subcombinations
not provided for in Class 178. Examples of such subcombinations
include: ribbon* feed, carriage* feed, record-medium
feed, type-head* structure, key-board mechanism, type-bar* action,
tabulator structure, etc.
Class 234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), the relationship
of this class (400) to Class 234 is fully set forth in the class
definition of Class 234, in section V, paragraph E. Reference is
made to the relationship between Class 234 and Class 400, Typewriting
Machines, in that note.
Class 235, Registers, the relationship of this class (400) to
Class 235 is set forth in the "SEARCH CLASS" 400, Typewriting
Machines, that appears under the definition of Class 235, subclass
60.
Class 346, Recorders, provides for an ink* jet means for
recording intelligence. This class (400) provides for a typewriter
structure in which the usual type-face* element that impresses
a character symbol against a record-medium is replaced by an ink
jet for imprinting a character symbol on a record-medium. To be
placed as an original into this class, a patent should clearly recite
the typewriter structure that controls the ink jet to form characters
successively.
Class 358, Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, includes
in subclasses 1.1-1.18 disclosures involving a data-processing system
that generates a printout of the results produced by the processing
system. The significant subject matter of such a system is proper
for Class 358.
OTHER CLASSES INCLUDING MATERIAL HANDLING OR MATERIAL FEEDING
See References to Other Classes for subcombinations that may
be included in a typewriter to feed a record-medium* or
a ribbon* or other sheetlike or weblike material. For
a patent to be placed as an original into this class (400) the claimed
subject matter of such patent should be clearly related to a typewriter
(e.g., be directed to one or more ink*-ribbon spools in
a typewriter, sheet, or web feeding involving line-space* distances
or format control in a typewriter, etc.).
SEARCH NOTES TO OTHER CLASSES INCLUDING SUBCOMBINATIONS USABLE
IN A TYPEWRITER
See References to Other Classes for subcombinations that
may be included in a typewriter for various purposes needed during
the operation of a typewriter. For a patent to be placed as an
original into this class (400) the claimed subject matter of such
patent should be clearly related to a typewriter (e.g., be directed
to a device for cleaning a type-face* of a typewriter,
a bell for indicating the occurrence of the end of a print-line* in
a typewriter, etc.).
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclass 246 include an attachment for cleaning. (Other Classes
Including Subcombinations Usable In A Typewriter)
Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,
subclass 341 for a copyholder that is not part of a typewriter, but
which may be used in conjunction with a typewriter for advancing
material that may be copied from during typing. (Class Including Material
Handling Or Material Feeding)
Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses for a linkage that is usable
as an actuating mechanism of a typewriter. (Other Classes Including
Subcombinations Usable In A Typewriter)
Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces, appropriate subclasses for a support for sheet or
web material. (Class Including Material Handling Or Material Feeding)
Coating Apparatus,
subclass 200 for coating apparatus applicable to a typewriter
to re-ink a ribbon*. (Other Classes Including Subcombinations
Usable In A Typewriter)
Article Dispensing, appropriate subclasses and especially
subclass 33 for dispensing of a sheetlike article. (Class Including
Material Handling Or Material Feeding)
Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, appropriate subclasses for feeding of web material.
(Class Including Material Handling Or Material Feeding)
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding appropriate subclasses for the winding
of web material onto a roll or the unwinding of web material from
a roll. (Class Including Material Handling Or Material Feeding)
Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and
Elements,
subclasses 838+ for a reflector usable in a typewriter. (Other
Classes Including Subcombinations Usable In A Typewriter)
Education and Demonstration,
subclass 176 , 202, and 227 for a key-board* for teaching
or learning purposes. (Other Classes Including Subcombinations Usable
In A Typewriter)
Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding, appropriate subclasses and especially
subclass 73 for the holding and formation of books, strips
and leaves for manifolding. (Class Including Material Handling Or
Material Feeding)
Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or
Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,
subclass 411 , 413, 430, 433, and 451 for the folding of zigzag
or fan folded material. (Class Including Material Handling Or Material
Feeding)
Roll or Roller, for a roll, per se, not elsewhere provided for, especially
subclasses 49+ for concentric layered annular roll structure and subclasses
57+ for single annular member roll structure. (Other Classes
Including Subcombinations Usable In A Typewriter)
SECTION IV - GLOSSARY
In the typewriter art certain words and terms have acquired
distinct and specialized meanings. The following Glossary will
define and explain the terms so as to facilitate understanding of,
and simplify, the definitions of the subclasses to follow. Throughout
the class definition and the subclass definitions, an asterisk (*)
following a word or term will indicate that it has been defined in
this section. For a term that is defined in this Glossary and used
in the title or definition of a subclass, the individual words of
the term are separated by a hyphen (-) to indicate that the term
is alphabetized in this Glossary as if it were a single word.
APRON
A member closely adjacent to the cylindrical platen* of a
typewriter that serves to guide a record-medium* into close
contact with the platen. It is usually a thin sheet of relatively
rigid material having a length dimension approximating the length
of the platen and is arcuately shaped to approximately the radius
of the platen whereby it conforms to part of the periphery of the platen.
It is usually located underneath the platen and closely adjacent
thereto so that the record-medium is guided between the apron and
the platen to be partially wrapped around the platen. The apron
may also serve as a mounting for feed-rollers* that cooperate
with the platen to move the record-medium in a line-space* direction.
AUXILIARY-RECORD-PROGRAM
A set of instructions used in a programmed-control-system* of
a typewriter, which set of instructions may be readily removed from
the typewriter so that another set of instructions may be inserted
into the typewriter to perform a different or a modified sequence
of typing functions.
CARRIAGE
A mechanism for supporting a record-medium* or
for supporting a type-head-carrier*, which mechanism is provided
with means to effect relative movement between the record-medium
and a type-head-carrier that is at the print-point*, the
movement occurring along a line that is parallel to the print-line*.
A "carriage-feed" means effects carriage movement
in the direction that causes character* symbols to be imprinted
in succession, thus "carriage feed" also effects
character-space* and word-space* distances. In
most typewriters used for typing a European language said direction
is from left to right, but there are some typewriters capable of imprinting
successive characters from right to left even though the words will
be read from left to right, and there are other typewriters intended
to imprint successive characters from right to left because the
words will be read from right to left. In any event, the carriage-feed
direction is always the direction that causes characters to be imprinted
in succession. In some typewriters the record-medium is held to
a platen that is mounted on a carriage, and the "platen
carriage" (together with the record-medium) is moved relative
to the main frame of the typewriter. Each successively actuated
type-member* is impressed at a print-point that is stationary
relative to the main frame. The platen-carriage (e.g., right to
left) is opposite to the direction in which successive characters
are imprinted and read (e.g., left to right). (The directions mentioned
apply except as noted above.) In some typewriters the record-medium
is held to a platen that does not move during the imprinting of
a print-line. The type-member is on a type-head* that
is on a type-head-carrier that is mounted on a carriage, and the
type-head carriage is moved relative to the main frame of the typewriter.
Each successively actuated type-member is impressed at a print-point
that is moved relative to the main frame. The "type-head
carriage" movement (e.g., left to right) is in the direction
in which successive characters are imprinted and read (e.g., left
to right). In both forms of typewriter noted above, the term carriage
feed is applied to movement of the carriage in the direction that
effects imprinting of successive characters and words*.
Thus, for a platen-carriage typewriter, carriage feed is usually
from right to left (but note the exception above), whereas for a
type-head-carriage typewriter, carriage feed is usually from left
to right. Either typewriter is also capable of carriage reversal,
which is in the direction opposite to carriage feed, and is used
for "carriage return" (e.g., to start a new print-line)
or is used for carriage backspace (e.g., to move a carriage a distance
equivalent of one or more character-spaces in a reverse direction).
CARRIAGE-RACK
A bar having teeth or notches along one of its sides, which
bar is affixed to a carriage*, and which teeth or notches
cooperate with a pawl* or a pinion gear to enable or cause
movement of the bar and the carriage to which it is affixed. There
may be provision for adjustment of the bar relative to the carriage,
but the adjustment is usually made at the time of manufacture of
the typewriter, or may be made subsequently during a period of time
when the typewriter is not being used for typing. When a carriage-rack
cooperates with a pawl, it acts as a ratchet*, and for
a discussion of how a pawl and ratchet operates as a carriage-feed
mechanism, see the definition of pawl in this Glossary,
CASE-SHIFT
Case-shift is the relative movement between a record-medium* and
a type-face* or a type-die* that is at the print-point*,
which movement is effected by pressing a case-shift key* concurrently
with the pressing of a character* key. In most typewriters,
selection of which character is to be imprinted in sequence is made
by selection of the character keys. In a typewriter with a case-shift,
a choice of upper-case* (i.e., "CAPITAL" letter)
or lower-case* (i.e., "small" letter)
form of the selected letter is possible by concurrently pressing
or not pressing the case-shift key. Analogous choice of other characters that
appear on the various character keys is also possible with the case-shift
key. In some typewriters case-shift is effected by moving into
one of two positions (or in other typewriters one of three positions)
any of (a) a type-bar-segment*, or (b) a platen, or (c)
a type-head* that carries at least two fixedly related
type-face elements; in all of these the movement occurs in a plane
substantially parallel to the plane occupied by the type-face at
the print-point. In some typewriters a type-head is on a type-head-carrier* and
includes a type-set-assemblage* thereon, and in such typewriters
case-shift is effected by moving the type-head so that the chosen
type-face (i.e., upper-case or lower-case) will be impacted against
the record-medium. In some typewriters, case-shift may also be
used to imprint a character in a different font* or a character
in a different language for specialized uses.
CHARACTER
A single symbol imprinted on a record-medium* by
a type-member* and intended to be read by the human eye,
or intended to be "read" by a mechanical or electrical
scanner, for the purpose of conveying intelligence to the reader
(i.e., human reader or mechanical "reader"). It
forms one of the elements needed to form a word*. In most
typewriters a character is formed by impressing a single type-member
against a record-medium, usually via an inking means. However,
a single character may also be formed by impressing a plurality
of different type-members either simultaneously or successively
in the same zone or area of the record-medium. A character may
be (a) one of the letters in an alphabet, either upper-case* (i.e., "CAPITAL" letter),
or lower-case* (i.e., "small" letter),
or (b) one of the numeral digits (i.e., "0" through "9"),
or (c) a punctuation mark [e.g., comma (,), colon (:),
etc.], or (d) one of a variety of signs and symbols incorporated
into a typewriter intended for general usage [e.g., dollar
sign ($), ampersand symbol (&), etc.].
The number or variety of characters that a particular typewriter
may imprint is limited only by the size of the typewriter and the
area allotted to the key-board* and the type-members of
that typewriter.
CHARACTER-SPACE
Character-space is the distance that the carriage* or
the record-medium* is moved to effect the separation of
one imprinted character* from a subsequently imprinted character
of the same word*. In most alphabets the width of one
character (i.e., the distance that it extends along the print-line*)
differs from the width of another character. In many typewriters
the character-space distances are in equal increments of carriage
feed. Due to the fact that successively imprinted characters have
different widths, the spaces between the successive characters are
unequal. To compensate for different widths, some typewriters are
provided with mechanism to vary the carriage feed. This mechanism
causes the carriage feed to be proportional to the width of the
character imprinted by a type-face*. The unequal increments
of carriage feed produced by this mechanism results in equal spaces
between successively imprinted characters, thereby improving the
uniformity and appearance of the typing.
COLLATING-TABLE
A platform or support used while a plurality of sheets
or webs are arranged or assembled according to an orderly system.
The sheets or webs may include record-medium* pieces or
transfer-medium* pieces in any desired order or sequence
and the assemblage of pieces comprises that which is to be typed
on. The term "collating" as used in this class
(400) is used to describe a simple structure that is used for collating,
usually manually. It differs somewhat from the term collating as applied
to a machine that accomplishes a similar result of arranging or
assembling plural sheets or webs.
CONDENSED-BILLING
A term used in the typewriter industry for the production
of a condensed or summary record of a succession of typed documents
(e.g., bills or numerical data). The operation includes the typing
of plural copies (e.g., an "original copy" and
one or more "carbon copies", or duplicate "original
copies") simultaneously on plural record-medium* pieces.
At least one of the pieces is intended to be complete as to heading,
address, and other information that is to be sent to one user.
At least another piece is to be retained by the typist, and is not required
to be complete; that is, it may omit much of the information, but
may be a composite or summary or condensed record of the information
that is to be sent. The record-medium on which the condensed-billing
is typed is therefore moved in line-space* distances that differ
from the line-space distances of the complete record medium.
DENOMINATIONAL-STOP
A component of the carriage* mechanism that
causes stopping of the carriage in any of selected denominational
column positions. In a denominational column a sequence of numerical
digits is imprinted on one print-line* and further sequences
of numeral digits are imprinted in successive print-lines, one print-line
below the previous print-line. The distinguishing characteristic
of a denominational column is that the decimal point of successive
print-lines of numeral digits is in vertical array, or in the instance
where the decimal point of successive numbers is not actually imprinted,
the "units" digit of the successive numbers is
in vertical array. Thus the position where the carriage will be
stopped to imprint each of a succession of numbers will depend on whether
the first digit of a sequence of numeral digits is to be a "hundreds" digit,
or a "tens" digit, etc. A denominational-stop
is usually a "counter stop" (see the discussion
under the definition of tab-rack* in this Glossary).
FEED-ROLLER
A rotatable element having a cylindrical or cylindroidal periphery
that contacts a surface of a sheet or web of record-medium* material
or transfer-medium* material and enables or causes movement
of the sheet or web. Usually a feed-roller cooperates with a second
element and the sheet or web lies between the feed-roller and the second
element, the opposite surfaces of the sheet or web being closely
adjacent to the corresponding surfaces of the feed-roller and the
second element and in nonsliding contact therewith. When the second
element is a platen* the feed-roller serves as a "pressure
roller" to urge the sheet or web toward the platen, and
the platen is rotated to cause feed movement of the sheet or web.
When the second element is another feed-roller either or both of
the feed-rollers may be driven for rotation, the rollers being rotated
in opposite rotational directions to cause feed movement, and the
two feed-rollers cooperate to form a feed-roller couple.
FONT
A complete assortment of type in the same style and size to
imprint character* symbols having a substantially uniform
appearance. Examples of font include elite and pica (both refer
to size of type), italic (i.e., having slope to the right), and
cursive (i.e., having flowing lines connecting individual characters
in a style resembling handwriting), these being only a few of the
fonts used in various typewriters.
FUNCTION
In general, an operation performed on or by a typewriter during
use of the typewriter for typing. As used by the typewriter industry,
however, the term "function" is limited to an
operation other than (a) impressing a type-member* against
a record-medium* to imprint a character* (which
thereby concurrently effects a character-space*), or (b)
effecting a word-space*. Examples of typewriter operations
considered by the industry to be functions are: backspace, carriage
return, case-shift*, tabular stopping, line-space* (i.e.,
for record-medium feed), ribbon feed, and similar typewriter movements.
INK
A substance (usually fluid, may be viscous or solid)
that is applied to the surface of a record-medium* in the
configuration of a typed character* symbol to make the character
visible to a reader of the typed text. An important property of
ink is its ability to form a "permanent" symbol,
that is, a symbol that is not easily erased (or erased only with
great difficulty), and it is this property that aids the production
of an original copy of the typed text. (See the definition of transfer-medium* in
this Glossary, section III, for a discussion of the difference between
original copy and carbon copy.) A fluid ink may be applied directly
to a type-face*, from which type-face the ink is directly
imprinted onto a record-medium. A viscous ink may be applied to
the record-medium via an ink-impregnated ribbon*, and the
ink therein will "flow" by capillary action from
unused portions of the ribbon into the used portions of the ribbon.
A solid ink may be applied via a so-called "carbon-ink" ribbon,
which is often a single-use or one-use ribbon because all or most
of the coating of the ribbon is imprinted onto the record-medium
when a type-face is impacted thereagainst. A "hecto-graphic" ink
is a particular form of ink that is soluble and is used to form
a "master" plate used in a "spirit duplicating" copying process.
KEY
An element on a typewriter, located on a key-board*, which
element is pressed to cause either (a) the actuation of a type-member* to
imprint a character* that corresponds to the selected key,
or (b) the actuation of a selected function* of the typewriter.
In a manual typewriter a key is usually pressed by a finger of
a user, and the movement of the selected key is transmitted via
a system of levers and links into movement of a corresponding type-member
actuator or function actuator. In some typewriters and external
power source assists the actuation. In other typewriters keys are
pressed successively in response to signals to the typewriter by
a human or mechanical operator. The key referred to in (a) above
(i.e., a character key) also causes a character-space* movement
of the carriage* as well as actuation of the type-member.
KEY-BOARD
That portion of a typewriter which is located so as to face
and be adjacent to the user of a typewriter, and containing the
key* elements that are to be pressed in succession to produce
a text that is being typed, or pressed as needed to actuate a particular
function* of the typewriter.
LINE-SPACE
The distance caused by relative movement between a record-medium* and
a print-point* of a type-member* against the record-medium,
which movement effects separation of one print-line* of
typed text from a subsequently imprinted line of typed text on the
same page* of text. It is effected by incremental relative
movement that occurs in a direction perpendicular to the direction in
which a print-line is formed. In most typewriters the type- member
is impressed in substantially the same area of the typewriter and
the record-medium is effectively held to a platen* which
moves incrementally between successive print-lines, but in some
typewriters the type-member and its actuating mechanism moves in a
corresponding direction in incremental movements between successive
print-lines. Thus, in most typewriters, line-space movement is a
specific form of record-medium movement, but line-space movement
is a determinate, incremental movement in selected units of distance
or in multiples or fractions thereof. If a unit of distance is
considered as one line-space, the multiples would include two or
three line-spaces and the fractions would include one-half, one
and one-half, or two and one-half line-spaces, all these distances
being selected by the user of a typewriter according to the needs
of the user. The most significant aspect of line-space movement
is that it is related to a preceding or succeeding print-line on
the record-medium as distinguished from record-medium movement which
is not related to a print-line, but rather is an indeterminate movement.
LOWER-CASE
A "small" letter, similar in appearance
to this text, as opposed to upper-case*. The names lower-case
and upper-case are derived from the printing art during the period
when type-faces* were handpicked and handset, the type
being picked from a tray in which the capital or upper-case type
were held in compartments physically located above the compartments
for the small or lower-case type.
MAGNETIC
A property of nature resulting in attraction or orientation of
a ferrous material relative to a body having such a property. Examples
of such a body include the earth, a loadstone, and a coil of wire
in an electrical circuit, all of which have, or can generate, a
magnetic field. Magnetism is used to produce a force, as in a magnetic
solenoid, or to transmit a force, as in a magnetic clutch. Magnetic
also describes a property inherent in an auxiliary-record-program* containing
ferrous particles capable of being oriented or reoriented relative
to the auxiliary record, the orientation of the particles being sensed
to effect a typing operation in response to the sensing.
MARGIN
The distance from an edge of the record-medium* to
the closest character* symbol of a print-line* to
that edge. The term is most usually used when a plurality of print-lines
are typed and the first imprinted characters of each of the print-lines
are all equally spaced from the edge. When typing any language
that is read from left to right, the left margin is the distance
from the left edge to these first characters and will usually be
parallel to that edge, whereas the right margin is the distance
of the right edge to the last characters of the successive print-lines.
However, because the number of characters in a print-line is subject
to chance, the right margin will usually not be equally spaced from
the right edge unless "justification" is performed.
For a discussion of justification, see (1) Note to the definition
of subclass 1 below.
MARGIN-STOP
A member that is used to stop the movement of a carriage* when
the carriage reaches the margin* of the record-medium*.
The margin-stop of a platen* carriage (see the definition
of carriage in this Glossary) is usually mounted on the platen carriage
for movement therewith and cooperates with a stop fixed to the frame
of the typewriter, whereas the margin-stop of a "typehead-carriage" (see
the definition of carriage in this Glossary) is usually mounted
on the frame of the typewriter and cooperates with a stop mounted
on the type-head carriage for movement therewith, but in either
typewriter one margin-stop may be set for various margin distances for
the left margin and another margin-stop may be set for various margin
distances for the right margin.
PAGE
A unit of printed text corresponding to that which would appear
on one leaf or sheet of a book, newspaper, or document. It usually
refers to a sheet of text, but in the instance where text is imprinted
on a web (i.e., of indeterminate-length material), it refers to
that length of web which will subsequently be cut to form a sheet
of determinate length.
PAPER-FINGER
A member that is in substantial contact with a platen* or with
a record-medium* that is supported or backed by the platen,
which member thereby ensures contact of a record-medium with the
platen. It is usually an elongated element, and in those typewriters
wherein the platen is cylindrical the paper-finger is arcuate and
conforms to the periphery of the platen for a substantial length
of the paper-finger in order to hold the record-medium to the platen.
PAWL
A moveable member having a protruding portion that engages
a notch between two adjacent teeth of a ratchet* to cause
or enable intermittent movement of the ratchet. The movement of
a pawl is usually two-way, that is, oscillation or reciprocation,
and the protruding portion of the pawl engages a notch between two
adjacent teeth of the ratchet and moves relative to the ratchet over
or around one of the teeth to engage a notch between the next two
adjacent teeth. In one form of pawl and ratchet mechanism, the
pawl is driven while engaged in a notch between the teeth to thereby
drive the ratchet, and then is retracted to reengage a notch between
the next teeth. In another form of pawl and ratchet mechanism,
the ratchet is urged to be moved, but its movement is restrained
by the pawl; movement of the pawl momentarily releases the ratchet
for movement of the ratchet, and return of the pawl to a notch between the
next teeth again restrains the ratchet. In either mechanism a plurality
of pawls, or a pawl with a plurality of protruding portions may
be used alternately.
PITCH
The term "pitch" in the typewriter
art derives from its usage in mechanics or machinery, where it refers
to the distance between two things in series, e.g., two adjacent threads
of a screw or two adjacent teeth of a toothed wheel or rack, etc.
As used in the typewriter art, "pitch" refers
to a line-space* distance or to a character-space* distance,
as such distances are caused by mechanical elements in the typewriter.
Some typewriters are capable of imprinting different character* sizes
due to easily replaceable type-head* elements. In order
to maintain a proper or pleasing appearance to the type text, it
is necessary, when such a change in character size is made, also
to change the character-space and line-space distances in proper
proportion to that of the character size. Such a typewriter is
therefore also capable of having the pitch changed when character
size is changed.
PLATEN
An element that serves as a support or backing for a record-medium* while
a type-member* is impressed against the record-medium and
thereby prevents movement of the record-medium during impression;
or an element that serves as a support or backing for a record-medium
and also moves the record-medium toward the type-member for impression
of the type-member against the record-medium. Although from the
derivation of the word "platen" it should comprise
a flat or planar plate, in the typewriter art it is not so limited.
In most typewriters the platen is a cylinder having a generally smooth
surface, and the record-medium is partially wrapped around the periphery
of the cylinder. In use the cylinder is rotated until the location
of the record-medium corresponds to the desired location of the
print-line* to be imprinted thereon, and after the desired
line has been imprinted, the cylinder is rotated an increment corresponding
to a desired line-space*, thereby moving the record-medium.
Some typewriters do include a flat platen, which may be a plate
having dimensions corresponding to the record-medium (i.e., sheet),
or may be a bar platen having dimensions corresponding to the height
of a character* and the length of a print-line, or may
be an anvil having dimensions corresponding to the height and width
of a single character.
PRINT-LINE
A single row of imprinted, spaced character* symbols and
word* groups that is part of the text being typed. It is
usually a straight row, but particular characters of the line may
be offset therefrom, as, for example, to imprint subscript (i.e.,
slightly below the line) or superscript (i.e., slightly above the
line), or to imprint a mathematical or chemical formula without
negating its characteristics as a line. It is usually formed and
read across a page, either from left to right as in European languages, or
from right to left, as in Semitic languages, but may also be formed
and read parallel to one of the side margins* of a page* (i.e., "up" or "down"),
as in some Oriental languages.
PRINT-POINT
Print-point is the typewriter industry term for the area
or spot on the record-medium* that a type-member* is impressed
against to imprint a character* on the record-medium. The
print-point may be fixed or movable relative to a typewriter main
frame as discussed in the definition of carriage* in this
Glossary.
PROGRAMMED-CONTROL-SYSTEM
Means for regulating the operation of a typewriter to perform
a predetermined sequence of operations for typing, which means include
a set of instructions which may be replaced or modified at will,
to which instructions the typewriter mechanism responds by performing the
sequence of operations. The instructions may be in the form of
a tangible article such as a tape or card or disc with visible or
invisible indicia thereon, or may be in the form of an intangible "computer
program" including a "memory" and related
circuitry, but in any event, must be related to the operation of
a typewriter to be considered for this class.
RATCHET
A movable member having teeth thereon and at least one
notch between the teeth, which notch is engaged by a protruding
portion of a pawl* to cause or enable intermittent movement
of the ratchet. The manner in which a pawl and ratchet mechanism
is used in a typewriter is discussed under the definition of pawl
in this Glossary, section III. Ratchet teeth may be part of a "ratchet wheel" or
of a "ratchet rack", and the action of the pawl is
similar in both instances. However, since a ratchet wheel is circular,
its motion will be a one-way rotational intermittent motion; and
since a ratchet rack is linear, its motion will be a one-way rectilinear
intermittent motion.
RECORD-MEDIUM
A piece of material, usually paper but not limited to paper,
on which material is recorded an imprint of a type-member* that
is impressed against the material to form a character* to
be read. The material may be a relatively thin "sheet" having
a determinate width and a determinate length, or may be a "web" having
a determinate width and an indeterminate length. The recording
is usually by way of an ink* that coats the material in
the form of a line representing a character; but other kinds of
recording may be done, as, for example, embossing, which deforms
the surface of the material to raise or lower the surface into a
line representing the character, or perforating, which punches a
plurality of holes in the material that taken together form a representation
of a character.
RIBBON
A piece of elongated and relatively thin transfer-medium* material
impregnated with, or carrying, ink* that is to be applied
to a record-medium*, which material is interposed between
the record-medium and a type-face* that is at the print-point*.
When the type-face is impressed against the record-medium (with
the ribbon therebetween) a portion of the ink on the ribbon will
be transferred to the record-medium to form a readable character* symbol
corresponding to the symbol on the type-face that was impressed
against the record-medium. Although in most typewriters the ribbon
is an elongated relatively narrow strip of material, these dimensions
are not critical in its usage as a ribbon. (For example, a ribbon
may be narrow and sufficiently short to be held in the hand of a
typist while being temporarily positioned adjacent to the print-point,
or a ribbon may be elongated and as wide as the record-medium to
be typed on.) What is critical in its usage as a ribbon for making
an original copy is (a) its location directly between the record-medium
and the type-face that is at the print-point, and (b) the use of
a "permanent" or not easily erasable ink; the
combination forms an original copy of the typed text, in contrast
to a carbon copy. (See the definitions of transfer-medium and ink
in this Glossary for a discussion of carbon copy). Among the various
forms of ribbon used in a typewriter are: (a) a fabric ribbon coated
or impregnated with "permanent" ink, the ribbon
being reusable many times or until the ink therein is depleted,
and producing an original copy; (b) a carbon-ink ribbon coated with
permanent ink, the ribbon being usually a single-use ribbon due
to the operation wherein all or most of the coating is deposited
on the record-medium during the impact of a type-face thereagainst,
and producing an original copy (see the definition of transfer-medium
in this Glossary, for a discussion of the difference between the
permanent ink used in a carbon-ink ribbon, and the carbon coating
of a "carbon-paper" transfer-medium); (c) a "hectographic" ribbon
that uses a soluble ink and produces a "master" plate
subsequently used in a spirit duplicating copy process; (d) a carbon-paper
ribbon coated with a substance containing carbon or other pigment
to produce a carbon copy that is easily erasable; (e) a "correction" ribbon that
is used to correct an error in typing as discussed in the definition
of subclass 697 below. It should be noted that in early typewriter
technology the term "ribbon" usually referred
only to a fabric ribbon mentioned above; therefore, unless a disclosure
particularly describes a ribbon by an intended function or specific coating,
it should be assumed that a fabric ribbon is disclosed.
SPACE-BAR
An element on a typewriter, located on a keyboard*, which
element is pressed to cause a carriage-feed movement of the carriage* without
an imprint of a character*, thereby to separate one word* from
another word on a print-line*.
TAB
A tab is an abbreviated form of the term "tabular", which
term refers to a columnar arrangement of character* symbols
on a page* of text. A "column" of text
is formed by imprinting a particular symbol on one print-line* and
subsequently imprinting the same or another particular symbol on
another print-line directly below the first print-line (i.e., equally
spaced from one of the side edges of the record-medium*),
and repeating the typing until a plurality of print-lines have been
formed, all of which are in vertical array. The particular symbol may
be the first letter of the first word* in each of the successively
imprinted print-lines, and two or more columns are usually arranged
in such a "column-set" arrangement, each of the
columns being arrayed at a preset distance from an edge of the record-medium.
The particular symbol may be the decimal point or the "units" digit
of a set of numeral digits representing a number; this arrangement
is termed "denominational". The terms "column" and "tabular" are
also discussed in (1) Note and (2) Note to subclass 284, the term "denominational" is
also discussed in (1) Note to subclass 285, and the term column
set is discussed in (3) Note to subclass 284 and defined in subclass
285.1. It should also be noted that, in some disclosures, the term "tab" has been
used as an abbreviation of an element which is better known as a "tab-stop" element
and is discussed in this Glossary under tab-rack*.
TAB-RACK
A component of the carriage* mechanism that
causes stopping of the carriage in any of selected tabular (see tab* in
this Glossary) positions. A tab-rack is an elongated member extending
parallel to the direction of carriage movement and having a length
substantially the same as the extent of carriage movement. On the
tab-rack a plurality of "tab-stop" elements are
mounted, each of said elements being movable transversely of the length
of the tab-rack form a "clear" position at which the
element is passive to a "set" position at which
the element is able to cooperate with a "counter-stop" element.
In operation, relative movement between the tab-rack and the counter
stop is effected in the lengthwise direction of the tab-rack until
a set tab stop abuts against the counter stop. Usually the tab-rack
is connected to the carriage and its tab stop abuts a stationary
counter stop, thereby stopping the carriage. The same result may
be achieved by mounting the counter stop on the carriage and abutting
the counter stop against a set tab stop on a stationary tab-rack,
thereby stopping the carriage. A plurality of counter stops may
be provided, one of which counter stops may be set to stop the carriage
in a preset column or denominational position. A typewriter capable
of tabular operation is provided with at least three key* elements
for regulating the operation. One of the keys, labelled "set" (or
a variant thereof) is depressed by the typist to move a selected
tab-stop element from its passive position to its set position on
the tab-rack. Another key, labelled "tab" (or
a variant thereof), or unlabeled but having a distinctive shape,
is depressed by the typist to concurrently (a) release the carriage
from its normal carriage-feed mechanism to enable unrestrained movement
of the carriage, and (b) set a counter stop into a position where
it will abut against the set tab stop when the counter stop and
tab stop engage one another, whereby the movement of the carriage
will be stopped in the tabular position. A third key, labelled "clear" (or
a variant thereof), is depressed by the typist to move any of the
previously set tab stops back to its passive position on the type-rack.
TOGGLE-LINKAGE
An assemblage of at least two links, pitmans, bars, or struts
and at least three pivots, an end of one link being connected to
an end of the other link by a pivot that is common to both links.
Each of the links also has a pivot at the end remote from the common
pivot, which common or intermediate pivot is movable from a first
(or "broken") position at which the common pivot
is not in line with the other two pivots to a second (or "straightened")
position at which the common pivot is substantially in line with
the other two pivots, or which common pivot is movable from said
second position to said first position. Such movement is accomplished
by a force applied to the common pivot in a direction approximately
at right angles to either link, thereby moving the remote pivots
relatively away from each other (i.e., when the common pivot moves
to the second position) or relatively toward each other (i.e., when
the common pivot moves to the first position).
TRANSFER-MEDIUM
A piece of material, relatively thin as compared to its other
dimensions, and flexible so as to conform to various configurations
as required in a typewriter, which material is impregnated or coated
on one or both of its opposite surfaces with a preparation of ink* or
gelatin or other substance-containing carbon or other pigment that is
capable of being transplaced from a surface of said material onto
a surface of an adjacent record-medium*. Among the various
forms of transfer-medium used in a typewriter are: (a) a "permanent" ink
transfer-medium in the form of an elongated, narrow ribbon*,
a wide ribbon, a disc, etc., all of which have the property that
the character* symbol imprinted with the use of this transfer-medium
is not easily erased, thereby producing an "original copy" text;
(b) a "carbon-paper" transfer-medium, so called
because one of its surfaces is coated with a substance containing
carbon or other pigment having the property that the character imprinted
with this transfer-medium is easily erased, thereby producing a "carbon
copy" text; (c) a "hectos:graphic" ink
transfer-medium, using an ink that is soluble in a particular solvent
and is used to form a "master" plate that is subsequently
used in a "spirit duplicating" copying process, and
(d) a "correction" transfer-medium that is coated with
a substance containing a pigment of the same color as that of the
record-medium, and is used to correct an error in typing (as discussed
in the definition of subclass 697 below).
TYPE-BAR
An elongated member having at one end a type-member* (i.e.,
a type-die* or a type-face*) element and at its other
end a connection to one or more key* elements. In most
manual type-writers, the number of type-bars corresponds to the
number of keys provided, and the type-bars are pivoted to a type-bar-segment* so
that the various type-faces are all impressed at approximately the same
print-point*, but many variations of the construction are
to be found. The type-bars may be pivoted to individual linkages,
or may be slidable to print position. In some typewriters a single
key may actuate a plurality of type-bars; in others, a plurality
of keys may be depressed simultaneously to actuate a single type-bar; and
in others (e.g., stenographic typewriters), there may be a plurality
of character* symbols simultaneously imprinted.
TYPE-BAR-SEGMENT
A type-bar-segment is an arcuate member that serves to support
all the type-bar* members for pivotal motion so that each
of the type-member* elements carried by the type-bar members
will be impressed onto the record-medium* at approximately
the same print-point*. In some manual typewriters the
type-bar-segment is moved to effect case-shift*. (This
occurs because the type-member (i.e., type-face* or type-die*)
that is at the print-point has been moved as a result of moving
the type-bar-segment, so that an upper-case* or a lower-case* form
of character* symbol is imprinted on the record-medium
according to the choice of the typist.) The difference between
a type-bar-segment and a type-face-carrier* (which also
permits a type-bar to move relative thereto) is that a type-face-carrier
moves both for selection of a character and for choice of upper-case
of lower-case, whereas a type-bar-segment moves only for choice
of upper-case or lower-case.
TYPE-DIE
An element that is impressed against a record-medium* to
deform or pierce the surface of the record-medium into a representation
of a character*. It is that portion of a type-member* that
projects from the body of the type-member and contacts the surface
of the record-medium to raise or lower the contacted surface relative
to the uncontracted surface into a line representing a character, or
to form one or more perforations in the contacted surface, which
perforations taken together represent a character.
TYPE-FACE
An element that is impressed against a record-medium* to
imprint a line representing a character*. It is that portion
of a type-member* that projects from the body of the type-member,
and contacts the surface of the record-medium to form the character
by ink* applied to the type-face and transferred to the
record-medium, or by ink applied via an ink ribbon* or
similar transfer material that lies between the type-face and the
surface of the record-medium.
TYPE-FACE-CARRIER
A type-face-carrier is a mechanism on which is mounted a
plurality of type-member* elements (i.e., type-face* or type-die*)
for movement of any one type-member relative to the remainder of
the type-members mounted thereon. Usually a group of type-faces
comprising a type-set-assemblage* is mounted on a type-face-carrier, face-carrier,
and the type-face-carrier is capable of various kinds of movement.
A typist will select one key* element from among the many
key elements available, causing the type-face-carrier to move to
a position at which the selected type-face will impact against a record-medium* to
imprint the selected character* symbol (e.g., a particular
letter, or a particular number, etc.) on the record-medium. A typist
may choose to effect case-shift* or not effect case-shift,
thereby to choose from the character symbols available on one key
element the one symbol (e.g., the upper-case* or the lower-case* form
of the same letter, etc.) thereby causing the type-face-carrier
to move to a position at which the chosen type-face will imprint
the chosen symbol. The mechanism also causes or enables relative
movement between the type-face and the record-medium (e.g., movement
of the type-face toward the print-point*) to imprint the
selected or the chosen character or symbol on the record-medium.
(See this Glossary, section III, under the definitions of the terms
type-bar-segment* and type-head-carrier* for the
differences between those mechanisms and a type-face-carrier).
TYPE-HEAD
A type-head is an element comprising one or more type-member* elements
integral one with the other(s). In most manually powered type-writers
a type-set-assemblage* is distributed among a plurality
of type-heads, each of which as two type-face* elements.
Some of these type-heads include a type-face for imprinting a particular
letter in lower-case* and a type-face for imprinting the
same letter in upper-case*, the choice being made by a
case-shift* mechanism. Other type-heads in these manually
powered type-writers include a type-face for imprinting a number
and a type-face for imprinting a symbol (see the definition of character* in this
Glossary for examples of a symbol), the choice of which is to be
imprinted also being made by the case-shift mechanism. In some
electrically powered typewriters a single type-head includes a complete
type-set-assemblage, and said type-head is mounted on a type-head-carrier*.
In such typewriters the single type-head is moved for selection
of the type-face to be imprinted, or for the choice of the case
to be used. In the definitions of the subclasses that follow, the
term "type-head" has usually been reserved for
the element that includes a type-set-assemblage on an electrically
powered typewriter, and the element on the type end of a type-bar* has
usually been referred to as a type-face.
TYPE-HEAD-CARRIER
A type-head-carrier is a mechanism on which is mounted
at least one type-head* that includes a type-set-assemblage* (e.g.,
a group of type-face* elements) thereon for movement of
the type-head relative to the type-head-carrier. Usually a type-head-carrier
and the type-head mounted thereon are capable of various kinds of
movement. A typist will select one key* element from among
the many key elements available, causing the type-head to move (e.g.,
by oscillating and/or tilting) to a position at which the
selected type-face will impact against a record-medium* to
imprint the selected character* symbol (e.g., a particular
letter, or a particular number, etc.) on the record-medium. A typist
may choose to effect case-shift* or not effect case-shift, thereby
to choose from the character symbols available on one key element
the one symbol (e.g., the upper-case* or the lower-case* form
of the same letter, etc.) that is to be imprinted, thereby causing
the type-head to move to a position at which the chosen type-face
will imprint the chosen symbol. The mechanism also causes or enables
movement of the type-head (i.e., by movement of the type-head-carrier)
between the type-face and the record-medium (e.g., movement of the
type-face toward the print-point*) to imprint the selected
or the chosen character or symbol on the record-medium. The difference
between a type-head-carrier and a type-face-carrier* (which
also carries a type-set-assemblage that moves both for selection
of a character and for choice of upper-case or lower-case) is that
a type-face-carrier supports individually movable type-face elements,
whereas a type-head-carrier supports a type-head wherein all the type-face
elements are integral therewith.
In some typewriters that use a type-head-carrier a single type-head
includes a complete type-set-assemblage, and this type-head may
be removed from its carrier and be replaced with a different type-head
having a different font* (e.g., the style, character size,
alphabet, or symbols that the typewriter can produce). In some typewriters
that use a type-head-carrier plural type-heads may be provided,
each including a complete type-set-assemblage (e.g., in different
fonts, etc.) or each including only part of a complete type-set-assemblage
(e.g., one-half of an assemblage on one type-head and the other half
of that assemblage on the other type-head).
TYPE-MEMBER
An element having on a surface thereof a type-die* or
a type-face* which is impressed against a record-medium* to
imprint a character* in or on the surface of the record-medium.
In most typewriters there is only one type-member corresponding
to each character* that is to be typed, and the user of
the typewriter selects from the assortment of type-members provided
in the apparatus one type-member at a time to be imprinted, and
serially imprints the selected type-members to form the characters
representing the text to be typed.
TYPE-SET-ASSEMBLAGE
A group of type-face* elements including a multiplicity of
type-faces for imprinting the different character* symbols
that a typewriter is capable of imprinting in the same font* of
type. In many typewriters a type-set-assemblage is carried on a
plurality of type-bar* members that include all the type-faces
that the typewriter can imprint, either in upper-case* or
in lower-case*, or in the various character symbols. In
other typewriters a single type-head* includes all type-faces
that the typewriter can imprint in the same font, and that type-head can
be removed from the typewriter to be replaced by a type-head for
another type-set-assemblage of a different font. In still other
typewriters two or more type-heads are provided to comprise one
type-set-assemblage, or to comprise two or more type-set-assemblages
in different fonts.
TYPEWRITER-ACTUATED-CONTROL
Typewriter-actuated-control is intended to refer to a mechanism
wherein a first part of a typewriter moves to accomplish its intended
first-part function, and during said movement the first part engages
a second part to move the second part, thereby accomplishing a second function
as the second part is moved. A simple example of a typewriter-actuated-control
exists in the instance of a typewriter wherein the ribbon* vibrator
has means for opening the guide means of the vibrator for the purpose of
facilitating insertion of a new ribbon. When the vibrator is next
lifted or raised to enable the ribbon to cover the print-point* to
imprint the next character*, the upward movement of the
vibrator for typing causes engagement of elements that "automatically" causes closing
of the vibrator guide to its normal position without special intervention
of the typist to accomplish the guide-closing function.
UNIVERSAL-BAR
A member that is part of a drive train of a typewriter, which
member is driven by any of a multiplicity of elements and which
member serves to drive any of a different multiplicity of elements.
A universal-bar may be driven, for example, by a space-bar*,
or by a character* key* element that causes imprint
of a character and also drives the universal-bar either directly
or via a type-bar* member or associated linkage. The universal-bar
may then serve to drive a carriage-feed mechanism or a ribbon-feed
mechanism or a character-counter mechanism or all these exemplary
mechanisms concurrently.
UPPER-CASE
A capital letter, similar in appearance to this text,
as opposed to lower-case*. The derivation of the terms upper-case* and
lower-case is discussed in the definition of lower-case in this
Glossary. See the definitions of character* and case-shift* in
this Glossary for the forms of symbols that are imprinted when the
case-shift mechanism is in the upper-case mode.
VIBRATOR
Vibrator is the typewriter industry term for an element or
an assemblage of elements that (a) guides a ribbon* or
constrains the ribbon for movement along its elongated dimension,
and (b) is located on the typewriter adjacent to the print-point*,
and (c) moves at least a portion of the ribbon that is so guided
transversely to its elongated dimension from a first position adjacent
to but not covering the print-point to a second position covering
the print-point. The first position is a normal, or "rest" position
that permits the print-line* to be seen by a typist, and
the second position places the ribbon over the print-point so that
a type-face* will be impressed against the ribbon to imprint
a character* on a record-medium*. The vibrator
movement may be controlled so as to move different zones of the
ribbon to the print-point, each of which zones extends longitudinally
and is spaced transversely to the others, whereby different colored
characters may be imprinted.
WORD
For purposes of this class, a word is one or more imprinted
character* symbols that are grouped together and separated
from other groups of characters to convey intelligence or information
to a reader. Usually a word consists of one or more letter characters
that taken together as a group may also be spoken by people of a national
or ethnic folk, but especially for purposes of this class, a word
may consist of more number characters as well as letter characters,
the words then conveying information in a cryptos:graphic "language".
WORD-SPACE
The distance that separates the last character* of
one word* of imprinted text from the first character of
a subsequent word of the same text on the same line of text.
INCLUDING JUSTIFICATION OR QUADDING OF PRINT-LINE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein more than one print-line* of
character* symbols is imprinted on a record-medium* to
form a page* of text, and wherein significance is attributed
to the typing operation known as "justification" as that
term is discussed and defined in (1) Note below, or significance
is attributed to the typing operation known as "quadding" as
that term is discussed and defined in (2) Note below, either operation
modifying the print-lines of a page of text.
(1)
Note. When typing in a language that is read from left to
right, a typist can predetermine the left margin (i.e., the distance from
the left edge of the record-medium to the first character of the
print-line). The right margin (i.e., the distance from the right
edge of the record-medium to the last character of the print-line)
is subject to chance and depends on the number of character symbols
and word* groups in the print-line; therefore, the right
margin will usually not be even. "Justification" corrects
the uneven right margin by expanding or contracting the print-line
as necessary to make all the print-lines of uniform length. Justification
is usually accomplished by typing a rough draft to form a print-line
that ends within a "justification zone" and then retyping
with the addition or subtraction of "unit" spaces
to or from the character-space* or word-space* distances
on the print-line. The characters and spaces in a print-line may
be stored in a justification circuit which may include a "memory" and
circuitry to modify the memory by the addition or subtraction of
unit spaces described above to expand or contract the print-line.
Justification may also be accomplished by typing on a stretchable
record-medium as described in subclass 14 below.
(2)
Note. The term "quadding" is derived from
the printing and type setting arts, where the word "quad" refers
to a piece of metal that is of less height than a type-face* and
is used to form a blank space in the printed line. By introducing
quads in sufficient numbers and appropriate positions, a printed
line could be printed as "quad right" (i.e., the
last character of successively printed lines uniformly spaced from
the right edge of a page) or printed as "quad left" (i.e.,
the first character of successively printed lines uniformly spaced
from the left edge of a page) or printed as "quad center" (i.e., the
first and the last character of the same printed line equally spaced
from the left and the right edge of the page, respectively). A similar
appearance of text and successively imprinted print-lines can be
accomplished on a typewriter by quadding to control the location
of the first or the last character (or both of said characters)
of a print-line. In addition, the quadded print-lines may also be
expanded or contracted in an operation similar to justification [described
in (1) Note above], so that the text that has been subjected
to a quadding operation will also appear to be justified.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein more than one print-line* of
character* symbols is imprinted on a record-medium* on
a page* of text, and wherein significance is attributed
to the typing operation known as "quadding" as
that term is discussed and defined in (2) Note of subclass 1 above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
typing operation known as "justification" as that
term is discussed and defined in (1) Note of subclass 1 above, and
wherein the justification is accomplished by way of a programmed-control-system*.
(1)
Note. The programmed-control-system is not particularly described
in the patents of this subclass (3), but rather is referred to as
a "register" of a "memory" that
is modified, or a variant of such terminology. However, it is clearly described
as a means for modifying the operation of a typewriter to produce
a justified print-line*.
Data Processing: Database and File Management,
Data Structures, or Document Processing,
subclasses 517 through 525for document layout processing and subclasses 530-541
for document edit, composition, or storage control processing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter wherein the programmed-control-system* includes
a set of instructions that may be readily removed from the typewriter
so that another set of instructions may be inserted into the typewriter
to perform a different or modified sequence of justifying operations.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein an auxiliary-record-program* includes
or contains ferrous particles capable of being oriented or reoriented
relative to the auxiliary-record-program, the orientation of the
particles being sensed to effect the control of the typewriter or
the justification of a print-line* typed thereby.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein the programmed-control-system* includes
a "memory" circuit and means for amending or modifying
the program in the event that a typist has made a mistake in the
typed text or in the justification thereof so that the text may
be retyped with the mistake rectified.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein the auxiliary-record-program* includes
provision of determining if and where a "hyphen" will
be imprinted at the end of a print-line* and provision
for inserting the hyphen properly.
(1)
Note. A hyphen is a punctuation mark comprising a short line
used to indicate the end of a syllable in a word* which has
been divided so that one or more syllables of that word appear on
one print-line and the remainder of the syllables of that word appear
on a succeeding print-line.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
typing operation known as "justification" as that
term is discussed and defined in (1) Note to subclass 1 above, and
wherein the justification is accomplished with the use of a means
for not printing or suppressing the imprinting of one or more character* symbols of
a print-line*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
typing operation known as "justification" as that
term is discussed and defined in (1) Note of subclass 1 above, and
wherein the justification is accomplished by adding to or subtracting
from the character-space* or the word-space* distances
in a print-line*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein the character-space* or the
word-space* distances are varied for justification by moving
the carriage* in irregular or unequal increments of movement.
(1)
Note. The variable carriage-feed mechanism that may be used
for the typewriter of this subclass is of the kind that, per se, is
found in subclass 303.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
carriage* that is attached to a tab-rack* that
enables the carriage to be moved in a character-space direction
and wherein the character-space or the word-space* distances
are varied for justification by moving the carriage along the tab-rack
in varying or irregular increments required for justification.
(1)
Note. A fuller explanation of the relationship between the
various elements of a carriage-feed mechanism will be found in the
definitions of tab-rack and the various definitions of subclasses
indented under 283.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein the justification is accomplished
by adding to or subtracting from the word-space* distances
in a print-line*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with two
or more space-bar* elements on the key-board* of
the typewriter, each of which space-bar* elements will
effect a word-space* distance different than the other(s),
and wherein justification is accomplished by using one or another
of the space-bars during the imprinting of the print-line* according
to what distances are needed to justify the print-line.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
typing operation known as "justification" as that
term is discussed and defined in (1) Note to subclass 1 above, and
wherein the justification is accomplished by typing print-line* of
character* symbols on a material that is capable of being
elongated.
(1)
Note. In this subclass justification is accomplished by typing
a print-line on a stretchable ribbon* to an extent less
than that of the desired print-line, and subsequently adhering either
the ribbon or the characters* that have been imprinted
on the ribbon to the record-medium*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
typing operation known as "justification" as that
term is discussed and defined in (1) Note to subclass 1 above, and
wherein the typewriter is provided with means for helping the typist
to know the need for justification or the number of character-space* distances required
for justification.
FOR TYPING OR FORMING CONTINUOUS OR DISCONTINUOUS LINE
(E.G., BY "LINER"):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
capable of producing a mark on a record-medium*, which
mark is long in proportion to its breadth.
(1)
Note. The mark may be formed by a penlike instrument that
applies ink* to the record-medium in a continuous stroke
or movement of the instrument relative to the record-medium (e.g.,
by moving the record-medium with respect to a stationary pen), or
may be formed by impacting the record-medium with a succession of
short marks (e.g., each produced by a dash) that overlap to form a
continuous line, or the marks may be separated, but taken as a whole
form a dotted line or a dashed line.
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter wherein a programmed-control-system* is
used for giving instructions to which the typewriter responds by
forming said mark (e.g., a line) in the record-medium*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter wherein said mark is formed or produced by
contacting the record-medium* with an instrumentality that
is provided with ink*, pigment, or coating material that
is visible to the eye, and by moving the record-medium, or the instrumentality
while the record-medium is coated on the record-medium, or wherein
said mark is formed or produced by such an instrumentality with
the help of a device, which device is used by an operator to direct
the course or path of the instrumentality while in contact with
the record-medium.
(1)
Note. In this and the indented subclasses, the scriber is
disclosed as an addition to a usual or standard typewriter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality is moved relative
to the record-medium* in a path that forms cursive letters
(i.e., joined together in flowing strokes as formed in handwriting).
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality is a plate turned
on an axis and having a thin peripheral edge that is coated with
ink* that is transferred to the record-medium* as
the plate is turned while the edge is in contact with the record-medium
and while relative movement between the plate axis and the record-medium occurs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
carriage* that carries a platen* that supports
the record-medium*, which carriage is movable in a direction
parallel to a print-line*, and wherein said mark is formed
as a result of the carriage being moved while a marking instrument
or device is brought into contact with the record-medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with type-face* elements
that are selectively impressed against the record-medium* to
imprint character* symbols on the record-medium, and wherein
a mark is imprinted at the same time that a character is imprinted,
the mark being a short line that is imprinted underneath any of
the selected characters.
FOR TYPING ON FLAT RECORD-MEDIUM OR AGAINST FLAT PLATEN:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the significance is attributed to
a typewriter in which the record-medium* that is being
typed on is planar or in which the record-medium is backed by a
platen* that is planar.
(1)
Note. In the definition of the term platen in the Glossary,
section III, there is a discussion of some of the various forms
of platen. Included therein is a discussion of the difference between
a flat or planar platen and a cylindrical platen. This and indented
subclasses are the loci of disclosures wherein a typewriter is provided
with a significant flat or planar platen.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
particularly intended for typing on a book.
(1)
Note. A "book" is an assemblage of pages* or
sheets that have been fastened or bound together. One of the characteristics
of a book that is significant in this subclass or the subclasses
indented hereunder is that pages are turned to be inverted for recording
of information thereon. As a consequence of such use, the number
of pages on one side of the binding will increase as the number
of pages on the other side of the binding decreases, resulting in
unequal thicknesses of material on each side of the binding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
type-head* element that carries type-face* elements
thereon.
(1)
Note. A type-head is distinguished from a type-face* in
that a type-head carries in one member a complete (or substantially complete)
type-set-assemblage* that includes many type-faces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Subject matter wherein the book that is being typed on is
supported against movement away from the type-face* that
is impressed against the book, the support being an elongated member
that is circular in cross section.
(1)
Note. The back or supporting is similar in configuration
to a cylindrical platen*, but the book is not partially
wrapped about the platen as in the usual typewriter where the record-medium* encompasses
the platen through approximately 180°. In this typewriter,
the book is approximately tangent to the surface of the cylindrical
backing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to modifications
made in the position of operating portions of the typewriter that
are required due to the configuration of the book that is being
typed on.
(1)
Note. See the (1) Note of subclass 24 for one of the configurations
of a book that requires special adjustments to be made to a typewriter
to type on a book.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to modifications
made in the position of that portion of a typewriter that holds
a book in position to be typed on.
(1)
Note. This subclass also provides for a support that holds
a book upright so that the top or the bottom of a book may be typed
on.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which the record-medium* that is being typed on has
length and width dimensions that are substantially greater than
the corresponding dimensions of the typewriter, and wherein the
typewriter is moved in directions parallel to said dimensions to
properly locate the typewriter relative to the record-medium.
(1)
Note. The term platenless has been ascribed to such a typewriter
because it does not have a platen* ( in the usual sense
of the word) connected thereto. Instead, the drawing board or other
large, flat surface that ordinarily supports a blueprint or drawing
also supports the typewriter, and serves as the platen for this
form of typewriter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which the record-medium* that is being typed on is a
three-dimensional object that has flat surfaces defining its sides,
and wherein either the typewriter or the object may be moved to
enable the typewriter to type on one of the surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
that is mounted relative to a flat platen* so that the
typewriter, its key-board*, type-bar* members,
and all its operating mechanisms move as a unit in the widthwise
and lengthwise dimensions of the platen.
(1)
Note. The term Elliot-Fisher derives from the names of the
persons to whom the invention and development of this form of typewriter
is ascribed.
(2)
Note. This subclass also includes structure for levelling
the carriage* frame relative to the flat platen.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which type-face* elements impact against a flat platen* from underneath
the platen, to structure that moves a type-bar* carrying
a type-face element from its rest position to its impact position,
or to a bar platen (e.g., a platen having dimensions corresponding
to the height of a character* and the length of a print-line*),
or to an anvil platen (i.e., a platen having dimensions corresponding to
the height and width of one character).
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which type-face* elements impact against a flat platen* from
above the platen, and wherein significance is also attributed to
structure that moves a type-bar* carrying a type-face from
its rest position to its impact position, the movement being arcuate.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which type-face* elements impact against a flat platen*,
and wherein significance is also attributed to movement of the carriage* of
the typewriter in a direction opposite to the character-space* direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which type-face* elements impact against a flat platen*,
and wherein significance is also attributed to movement of the platen
to accomplish case-shift* from a lower-case* form
of a letter to an upper-case* form of that letter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which type-face* elements impact against a flat platen* at
a print-point*, and wherein significance is also attributed
to mechanism for feeding a ribbon* relative to the print-point.
(1)
Note. Mechanism for feeding a ribbon is found in subclass
223, which subclasses should be searched for ribbon feed, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which type-face* elements or type-die* elements
impact against a record-medium* that is backed by a flat platen*,
and wherein significance is also attributed to the use of manifold
set that includes carbon paper so that the typewriter produces an original
copy and at least one carbon copy.
(1)
Note. The terms "carbon paper" and "manifold
set" are discussed in (1) Note and (2) Note, respectively,
of subclass 497.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter wherein the record-medium* of a
typewriter is fed in a first direction coinciding with the line-space* direction,
and wherein said carbon paper is moved (i.e., fed) in a second direction
substantially perpendicular to the first direction and the carbon
paper has a width dimension that is relatively large and approximately
equal to the length of a page* of record-medium.
(1)
Note. In some typewriters of this subclass the carbon paper
is wound on either a supply roll or a take-up roll or both.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter wherein said carbon paper is of indeterminate
length and is wound on a reel either for supply or take up of the
carbon paper or both.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter wherein the flat platen* or another
portion of the typewriter is provided with means to firmly hold
said carbon paper to the platen, or to lead or direct the carbon
paper relative to the platen.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter wherein the platen* of the typewriter
is movable for the purpose of varying its position relative to other
portions of the typewriter, the movement occurring along a line
at right angles to the flat surface of the platen.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter wherein said manifold set includes a plurality
of pieces of web record-medium* interleaved with a plurality
of pieces of web carbon paper, all the pieces being in surface-to-surface
relationship and the pieces are positioned so that their corresponding
side edges are located adjacent one another or so that a particular
indicium that occurs along the length dimension of one piece is
located adjacent to a corresponding indicium that occurs along the
length dimension of another web, and wherein the manifold set is
moved along the flat platen* in a line-space* direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
feeding of a tally strip in a flat-platen* typewriter.
(1)
Note. The term "tally strip" is discussed in
the definition of subclass 586, see the (1) Note thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which type-face* elements impact against a record-medium* that
is backed by a flat platen* at a print-point*,
and wherein significance is also attributed to effecting relative
movement between the record-medium and the print-point in a step-by-step manner
so that successively imprinted print-lines* will be spaced
apart by line-space* distances.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein line-space distances are effected
by moving the flat platen* along a line that is perpendicular
to the print-line*.
(1)
Note. This subclass also includes some typewriters wherein
the platen is shifted for line-spacing and the platen is also shifted
for character-spacing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein the extent of the space intervention
between two successive print-lines* may be varied.
(1)
Note. The difference between the two kinds of adjustment
herein provided for is as follows:
If a typist changes the space between one print-line and
the next print-line to be typed, by manual intervention for the one
print-line which is to be differently spaced, that is an adjustment
of line-space* distance. However, if the typewriter is
re-set to change the spaces between any plurality of print-lines
to make those spaces different from the spaces between a previous
plurality of print-lines, that is adjustment of the line-space increment.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with means
whereby structure for effecting the relative movement (i.e., of
subclass 44) may be disconnected temporarily.
(1)
Note. The disengagement is usually for the purpose of facilitating
the loading of a flat platen* with record-medium*. Also
found herein is a typewriter wherein the line-spacing* mechanism may
be locked against movement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a device
or member for backing the record-medium* as type-face* elements
are impacted thereagainst.
(1)
Note. The device or member may include a flat platen*,
per se, for example, characterized as being of dimensions corresponding
to a sheet that it will hold, or may include means for holding or guiding
the record-medium relative to the flat platen, these being only
examples of the subject matter of this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a collating-table* that
is associated with a flat-platen* typewriter.
INCLUDING DELAY MEANS FOR PREVENTING MALFUNCTION IN POWERED
TYPEWRITER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a source of energy other than that
supplied by a typist is used to actuate, or aid a typist to actuate,
mechanism for performing first and second sequential operations
on a typewriter. The typewriter having a capability of performing
each of said operations in an optimum time period from the instant
that each operation has been initiated by a signal, until the instant
that each operation is complete, and wherein there will be a failure
in proper performance of the second operation if the first operation
has not reached a first predetermined stage of performance before
the second operation has reached a second predetermined state of
performance and wherein significance is attributed to sensing an occurrence
wherein a signal to initiate the second operation has been given
prematurely. As a result of such sensed occurrence, retarding the
performance of the second operation to assure the first operation
has reached the first stage before the second operation reaches
the second stage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the sequential operations are regulated
by a programmed-control-system*, and wherein the first
and second operations are each for typing of a character*, and
wherein the retarding of the second operation is by increasing the
period of time for performing the second operation from said optimum
period to a time greater than said optimum period.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the first and second operations are
each for typing a character*, and wherein after the second
operation has been initiated, it is retarded by holding it from
completion for a predetermined period of time.
INCLUDING ADJUSTMENT MEANS TO COMPENSATE FOR WEAR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter whereby attrition of a typewriter part occurs
during use of the typewriter, and wherein significance is attributed
to changing the position of such part relative to another part to
counteract such attrition.
SAFETY SWITCH OR CONDITION-RESPONSIVE-CUTOFF SWITCH FOR ELECTRICALLY
POWERED TYPEWRITER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein typewriter mechanism is driven with
the help of force derived from electrical energy and wherein significance
is attributed to a device for influencing a circuit through which
the energy is supplied, said device being either for preventing
the typist from being harmed, or for interrupting the circuit as
a result or characteristic of the state of the environment or the
occurrence of a predetermined event in a typewriter.
(1)
Note. Examples of devices provided for in this subclass are
a switch which cannot be placed in an "on" position
unless a cover prevents access to the electrically powered mechanism,
and a switch that will automatically turn the power "off" after
a preset time interval if the typewriter is left unattended.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to adjustment
of the optimum printing plane of a typewriter as that term is discussed
and defined in (1) Note below.
(1)
Note. In over simplified terms, a typewriter requires at
least two elements for a typing operation. One of these elements
is a type-member* that impacts against a record-medium* at
a print-point*; another of these elements is a platen* that
serves to prevent movement of the record-medium away from the type-member
during impact. (Obviously, other structures and mechanisms are
also required for operation, but discussion of these may be deferred.)
The type-member includes a type-face* that lies in a plane;
the platen includes a surface that lies in a plane. In the instance of
a cylindrical platen, the platen plane is theoretically tangent
to the peripheral surface of the platen, whereas the surface itself
is arcuate, therefore not planar, but considering the small area
of a character* compared to the area of a cylindrical platen,
the difference between the arcuate surface and the tangent plane
is minimal; the platen plane can be considered as planar. Theoretically,
the platen plane should coincide with the type-face plane when the
type-face is at the print-point to ensure an imprinted character
that is uniformly legible at any point on its area. Actually, the
two planes cannot coincide because of the thickness of the record-medium
and the thickness of a ribbon*, both of which lie between
the two planes in most typewriters, but at the very minimum the
two planes should be parallel, one to the other. Because in an actual typewriter
the planes may become out of parallelism with each other, it is
necessary to provide means to adjust either the platen plane or
the type-face plane, or both, to correct the possible misalignment.
Moreover, in an actual typewriter the number or thickness of record-medium
sheets may vary. If the record-medium of greater than usual thickness is
used, the type-face will impact the surface of the record-medium
at a print-point that is further from the axis of the platen than
is usual. The type-face plane would not be parallel to the plane
of the record-medium at the new print-point. To summarize, the "optimum
printing plane" is the plane at which the type-face and
the record-medium best meet to form an imprinted character that
is uniformly legible at any point on its area, and is the result
of adjustments to the typewriter to ensure the coincidence and parallelism
of the record-medium with the type-face at the print-point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter wherein the thickness dimension of the record-medium* (i.e.,
its dimension perpendicular to a surface area) is measured, and
the adjustment of the optimum printing plane is made by the typewriter
as a result of such measurement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter wherein the typist determines the number
of sheets or record-medium* that is to be typed upon during
the typing operation, and wherein the typist makes an adjustment
to the typewriter as a result of such determination.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter wherein the optimum printing plane is adjusted
by varying the position of the typewriter platen* with
respect to the carriage* on which the platen is supported.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter wherein the optimum printing plane is adjusted
by varying the position of the carriage* of the typewriter
with respect to the print-point.
(1)
Note. In this subclass the position of roller elements or
the carriage frame on which the carriage moves to and fro is adjusted.
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
case-shift mechanism that is connected to the carriage* for
choice of upper-case* or lower-case* form of type-face* element,
and wherein the optimum printing plane is adjusted by varying the
position of the carriage with respect to the case-shift mechanism.
INCLUDING CONTROL OF FORMAT AND SELECTION OF TYPE-FACE
BY PROGRAMMED-CONTROL-SYSTEM (E.G., INPUT TYPEWRITER):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a programmed-control-system* governs
the operation of a typewriter so as to control the format of the text
to be imprinted on a record-medium* and so as to impress
selected or chosen type-face* elements against the record-medium.
(1)
Note. The term "format" refers to physical
appearance. As used in the typewriter art the term refers to the appearance
of a page* of text of typewritten character* symbols.
Control of format involves (a) movement of the record-medium in
the line-space* direction (i.e., the "Y" direction
of a graph) to locate the record-medium at a desired print-line* location
and (b) movement of the carriage* (e.g., a platen* carriage
or a type-head* carriage) in a character-space* direction
(i.e., the "X" direction of a graph) to locate
the first-imprinted-character symbol of the print-line along that
print-line. Format control also governs such function* operations
as carriage return (Found, per se, in subclass 313), tabulation
(found, per se, in subclass 284), subsequent line-spacing* (found,
per se, in subclass 545), or record-medium feeding (found, per se,
in subclasses 578), (these functions being only exemplary) so that
the entire format of the printed text on the record-medium is controlled.
In some typewriters having format control the typewriter or the program
is capable of being modified to change the format as desired. For
example, a paragraph of text comprising six print-lines, each print-line
having approximately 70 characters thereon, may be changed to a
paragraph comprising 12 print-lines, each print-line having approximately
35 characters thereon; or the distance between successive print-lines
may be varied as desired to compress or expand the typed text to
fit a page.
(2)
Note. In the typewriter of this and indented subclasses,
the programmed-control-system also governs the operation to select
or choose the type-face elements that are to be used to imprint
the characters in sequence. The difference between "select" and "choose" as
to type-face, is discussed in the glossary under definitions such
as case-shift*, type-face-carrier*, type-head,
and type-head-carrier*. Briefly, a particular type-face
is selected from among the many available from a type-set-assemblage, whereas
an upper-case* form of letter (As distinguished from a
lower-case* form of the same letter) is chosen from the
forms available on one key* element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is governed by an
auxiliary-record-program* or is governed by an instrumentality
outside of the typewriter, which instrumentality transmits to the
typewriter the instructions necessary to control the typing functions* and
type-face* selections and choices, and wherein the typewriter
also generates an auxiliary-record-program or also generates the
instructions necessary to control the typing functions and type-face
selections and choices for another typewriter.
(1)
Note. The typewriter of this subclass is known as an "input-output" typewriter
in the art. The "input" of this typewriter may
be from a program in the form of a punched or magnetic tape or other record,
or may be in the form of signals from a "computer" or "register" or "memory" outside
of the typewriter. The "output" of this typewriter
may also be in the form of a program tape or other record, or may
be in the form of signals to a "computer" or "register" or "memory",
the signals being generated in response to depression of the key* elements
on a key-board* by a typist and being transmitted to another
typewriter. The typewriter of this subclass is capable of responding
to an input and of producing an output. Also a typewriter of this subclass
could be one of several typewriters in a chain wherein the "input" of one
typewriter is converted to an "output" of that
typewriter, which "output" of the first typewriter
becomes the "input" of a second typewriter, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
capable of editing or revision as those terms are discussed and
explained in the notes below.
(1)
Note. The term "revision" is applied to an
operation wherein the text of typewritten material is changed. Typically,
a typist types a "rough draft" text and generates
a "rough draft program". The text is proof-read
and various changes are indicated where necessary to add, delete, modify
spelling, or otherwise correct the text. The typist or proofreader
then locates on the rough draft text and program the portion of
text to be changed and reprograms to correct the text. The reprogrammed
corrections may be put onto a correction program or onto the rough
draft program or onto another instrumentality. The correction program is
then combined with the rough draft program to in corporate all the
changes and corrections into a master program which is then used
to reproduce as many original copies as are desired. A revision system
typewriter is sometimes used as an input or as an output, and usually additional
equipment is necessary to correlate the changes so that they may
be entered properly in the master program.
(2)
Note. The term "editing" is applied to
an operation wherein the appearance (e.g., the format) as well as
the text of typewritten material is changed. An editing system
will usually operate similarly to a revision system, but will include
changes such as "centering", "indent
paragraphing", or other format control changes. An incoming
program (i.e., input) will be modified by appropriate equipment
to perform format control or character-selection control that is
different from the original program.
Data Processing: Database and File Management,
Data Structures, or Document Processing,
subclasses 530 through 541for document edit, composition, or storage control
processing.
Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing
Systems: Multiple Computer or Process Coordinating, appropriate subclassesfor data transferring among multiple computer
and digital processing systems.
Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing
Systems: Input/Output,
subclasses 1+ for transferring data from one or more peripherals
to one or more computers for the latter to process, store, or further
transfer or for transferring data from the computers to the peripherals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein the programmed-control-system* governs
the location or extent of the margin* at the right side
of the record-medium* that is being typed on.
(1)
Note. In this subclass the "input" to the typewriter
does not include right-hand margin control and such control is added by
the system, or the system does particularly include a right-hand
margin control and such control is either retained or is particularly
modified by the system. The operation known as "justification" is not
included here, but is to be found in subclass 1.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein the programmed-control-system* governs
the operation of a typewriter so as to imprint character* symbols
and also governs the operation of said typewriter so as to produce
a graph denoting the imprinted character symbols.
(1)
Note. A "graph" is defined as a diagram representing
a system of connections or interrelations among two or more things by
a number of distinctive dots, bars, etc. The graph or chart produced
in this subclass represents the letter characters or number characters
that are imprinted by the typewriter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a mechanism
that is connected as an adjunct to a typewriter, which mechanism
is used to convert a typewriter that is operable by a typist depressing
the key* elements of the key-board* to a typewriter
that is operable by a programmed-control-system*, and which mechanism
is located underneath the typewriter and operates the type-face* selecting
or choosing means and the function* operations of the typewriter.
(1)
Note. Usually the attachment is used to convert a standard
typewriter to an input-output typewriter, but it may also be part
of the typewriter that is used as a "computer terminal".
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein a typewriter is provided with at
least two programmed-control-system* programs, each of
which programs is intended for a different sequence of operations
to be performed, by the typewriter, and the programs being coordinated
to produce a final text.
(1)
Note. In this subclass, one of the programs may be for the
selection or choice of character* symbols and another program
may be for the line-space* or the character-space* control,
and both programs are used together.
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter wherein at least one of the programs effects
the typing of a part of a communication of information and another
of the programs effects the typing of another part of the same communication.
(1)
Note. An example of the subject matter of this subclass is
a program for typing the body of a letter (i.e., "letter" in
the sense of a piece of correspondence) that will be sent to various
people, and a plurality of programs, each program for typing the
address of each of the people to whom the correspondence will be
sent.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein the program-control-systems* includes
an auxiliary-record-program* that comprises a band or ribbon* of material
containing ferrous particles capable of being oriented or reoriented
relative to the band or tape, the orientation of the particles being sensed
to effect selection or choice of the type-face* elements
that will be impressed against the record-medium* to effect
imprint of character* symbols in sequence.
INCLUDING SELECTION OF TYPE-FACE BY PROGRAMMED-CONTROL-SYSTEM
OR BY REMOTE CONTROL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a programmed-control-system or a
signal from outside of a typewriter governs the operation of the
typewriter so as to impress selected or chosen type-face* elements
against the record-medium* to imprint character* symbols
successively.
(1)
Note. In the typewriter of this and indented subclasses the
programmed-control-system is used to select or choose the type-face
elements that are to imprint the characters in sequence. The difference
between "select" and "choose" as
to the type-face element is discussed in the glossary, section
III, under definitions such as case-shift*, type-face-carrier*,
type-head*, and type-head-carrier*. Briefly,
A particular type-face is selected from among the many available
from a type-set-assemblage*, whereas an upper-case* form
of letter (As distinguished from a lower-case* form of
the same letter) is chosen from the forms of that letter available
on one key* element.
(2)
Note. The signal from outside the typewriter that governs
the operation of the typewriter is usually referred to in such functional
terms as "reader", "translator", "storage", "input",
etc. it is not a remote signal such as that transmitted by a printing
telegraph of Class 178. See (1) note to Class 178, Telegraphy,
in section IV of the class definition of this class (400), for the
distinction between this class (400) and Class 178, Telegraphy.
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter wherein a first typewriter, while it is operating
to type on a record-medium*, produces signals. These signals
(i.e., signals from inside the first typewriter, but from outside
a second typewriter) are used to govern the operation of the second
typewriter concurrently with the operation of the first typewriter, whereby
corresponding character* symbols are typed onto a second
record-medium at the same time that character symbols are typed onto
the first record-medium by operation of the key-board* of
the first typewriter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter wherein the programmed-control-system* governs
the selection or choice of a type-face* element that is
part of a type-head* by way of components known in the typewriter
industry as "character-selection latches".
(1)
Note. The term character-selection latch refers to a component
used in a typewriter having a spheroidal type-head that is supported
by a type-head-carrier* that is mounted on a type-head
carrier* (see the definition of carriage in the glossary).
A typewriter of this subclass is provided with a plurality of these
components (usually five or six), each of which is hook shaped to "latch" to
a common actuator bar or member and is connected to a "whiffletree" arrangement
of links. A signal representing a selected character* or
function* causes one or character is selected, certain
of the components will be latched and when another particular character
is selected, other components will be latched or a different permutation
of components will be latched. Movement of the common actuator
will move those components that have been permutatively latched
thereto. Movement of the latched components will move the links of
the whiffletree, and movement of the whiffletree links will be converted
into tilting and/or rotational movement of a spheroidal
type-head to thereby position the selected type-face so that movement of
the type-head-carrier to the record-medium* will effect
imprint of the selected character, or movement of the whiffletree
links will be converted into movement of a selected function* (e.g., case-shift*).
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to means
for converting the information stored on the program of a programmed-control-system* into
the operation of selection or choice of a particular type-face* element
and motion of the selected or chosen type-face to the record-medium*.
(1)
Note. In the patents of this subclass the converting means
(i.e., the "reader") is specifically claimed as
a part of the typewriter that controls the operation of the typewriter
in specific terms. In other words, the typewriter is more than merely
named as a load for the reader. The reader having a named typewriter
is classified elsewhere, see the search class note below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a portion
of the program of a programmed-control-system* which provides verification
of the text to insure that the character* symbols that
are being imprinted on the record-medium* are the characters
that the programmed-control-system is instructing the typewriter
to imprint.
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter wherein the type-face* elements are
mounted on type-bar* members, and wherein the programmed-control-systems* includes
an auxiliary-record-program* that is directly linked to
means for actuating the type-bars for selection of the type-faces
to be impressed against the record-medium*, or is directly
linked to a case-shift* mechanism for choice of the upper-case* or
lower-case* form of the type-face to be impressed against
the record-medium.
(1)
Note. In the typewriter of this subclass a plurality of type-bars
are used, each type-bar carrying usually two type-faces thereon,
one type-face for upper-case and another type-face for lower-case character.
Also the typewriter of this subclass does not use an electrical "reader" of
the program for converting the program to signals that cause actuation
of the type-faces, but instead, this typewriter actuates the typefaces
directly from the program.
INCLUDING CONTROL OF FORMAT BY PROGRAMMED-CONTROL-SYSTEM:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a programmed-control-system* governs
the operation of a typewriter so as to control the format of the text
to be imprinted on a record-medium*.
(1)
Note. The term "format" is discussed in (1)
Note of subclass 61, above.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a first typewriter is capable of
operation of imprint character* symbols on a record-medium*,
and wherein another machine is capable of operation to imprint character
symbols or to form indicia on the same or on another record-medium,
and wherein operation of the first typewriter concurrently influences
the operation of the other machine.
(1)
Note. The other machine may be a printing machine, an accounting
machine, a card-punch machine, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein the other machine influenced by the
first typewriter is a machine which prints indicia on a Record-Medium*, said
indicia resulting from a mathematical computation.
Data Processing: Financial, Business Practice,
Management, or Cost/price Determination,
subclasses 30+ for an electrical data processing accounting system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter wherein operation of the first typewriter
also concurrently influences a machine for providing indicia in
the form of apertures in a sheet or web of material.
(1)
Note. A sheet is a relatively thin piece of material having
determinate width and determinate length. A web is a relatively thin
piece of material having determinate width and indeterminate length.
A card is a sheet that is slightly thicker than a sheet and therefore
stiffer than a sheet.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein the other machine influenced by the
first typewriter is for providing indicia in the form of apertures
in a sheet or web of material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter wherein the apertures denote character* symbols
and wherein provision is made for imprinting the character symbols denoted
by the apertures on the web or sheet.
INCLUDING PLURAL, INDEPENDENTLY SUPPORTED KEY-BOARDS, PLATENS,
OR TYPE-SET-ASSEMBLAGES:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein there is provided more than one key-board* mounted
separate from each other, or there is provided more than one platen* mounted
separate from each other, or there is provided more than one type-set-assemblage* mounted
separate from each other.
DISPLAYING TYPEWRITER-FORMED REPRESENTATION OF PRINT-LINE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
showing to the typist or another person a visible expression or
designation of the character* symbols that are to be or are
being imprinted on a record-medium* as a print-line*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter wherein the visible expression or designation
is cast or exhibited by way of an optical system that includes a
surface on which the likeness of the print-line* on the
record-medium* is visible.
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Subject matter wherein the record-medium* enables
passage of light there-through, and the light is transmitted by
said optical system onto said surface to exhibit the print-line*.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
responsive to the sound of the human voice to perform typing operations.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
intended to be operated by a typist whose physical capacities are limited.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
that is sufficiently small to be carried on the person of a user within
a pocket or handbag.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which changes the relationship between the
key designation and the printed character.
(1)
Note. The term key designation includes either a change in
actuated printing element or key designator (e.g., mask or overlay).
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
that is operated with the help of electricity.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
intended to be used while typing in "shorthand" or
stenos:graphically.
(1)
Note. Various terms are used in the art to refer to such
a typewriter, including "shorthand", "steno-typograph" and "tachygraphic",
and variations of such words. A typewriter capable of stenos:graphic
operation has a distinctive appearance that is different from that of
the usual typewriter. The keyboard* is arranged so that
plural key* elements are pressed simultaneously by the
fingers of one or both hands of the typist, and the type-face* elements
are impressed against the record-medium* simultaneously
in groups. The imprinted character* symbols therefore
appear in the record-medium in groups, and the record-medium, which
is usually a relatively narrow strip of elongated material, is moved
after each group of characters have been imprinted thereon. The
stenotypist thus forms groups of characters in succession, each
group corresponding to a syllable of a word*, thus the
operation of such a typewriter can be rapid and can be used while
recording a spoken conversation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein the type-face* elements in
the stenographic typewriter are of the form or in one of the Fonts* that
is normal and usual in a typewriter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
support for the type-bar* members, each of which carries
at least one type-face* element, and the selection of two
or more type-face elements to type a message stenographically.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a stenographic
typewriter that is operated with the help of electricity.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which one or more of the imprinting members is formed as an assemblage
of type-face* or type-die* elements, each of which
elements imprints simultaneously or in quick succession one with
the others as if the assemblage was a single element, thus imprinting
a plurality of character* symbols on the record-medium* by
the one impression of the member.
(1)
Note. The difference between this form of typewriter and
a printing machine proper for Class 101 is discussed in section
IV of the definition of this class (400), under the note to Class
101 in (1) note of section IV.
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter wherein at least one of the imprinting members
is a typeface* or an assemblage of type-face elements that
form character* symbols representing the name or number
of a month or day or year.
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter wherein at least one of the imprinting members
is a typeface* or an assemblage of type-face elements that
form character* symbols representing a person"s name
as written by that person.
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter wherein depression of one key* element
by a typist will effect the impressing of more than one type-face* element
onto a record-medium*
(1)
Note. In this subclass separate type-face elements imprint
corresponding character* symbols in quick succession when
a single key is depressed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter wherein depression of one key* element
will effect the impressing of more than one type-face* element
onto a record-medium* at the same time.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which a single type-face* element is caused to be impressed against
a record-medium* to imprint a single character* symbol,
the actuation of said single type-face being initiated or powered
by the pressing of a plurality of key* elements on the key-board*.
(1)
Note. As discussed in the definitions of character, key,
and type-member* in the glossary, section III, most typewriters are
provided with a mechanism whereby a single key element is selected
by a typist and pressed to cause a single type-face to be impressed
against a record-medium to imprint a single character on the record-medium.
In a typewriter of this and indented subclasses a plurality of
key elements are pressed by the typist to imprint a single character
on the record-medium. This typewriter uses a "permutative" mechanism
in the key-lever linkage and the type-bar* or type-head* action
linkage which changes the linkages and enables a particular selection
of pressed key elements to imprint a selected character and enables
another particular selection of pressed key elements to imprint
another selected character.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a type-face* element is carried
by a type-bar* member that is mounted to be moved in an
arcuate path as the type-bar moves from a rest position to a print-point* position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a type-face* element is carried
by a type-head* element that turns about an axis while
the typeface that is to be selected or chosen is moved to a position
where the type-face will be impressed against the record-medium*.
CODE-PRINTING TYPEWRITER (E.G., FOR PRINTING A PATTERN
OR MARK):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
that is capable of imprinting a mark or spot of ink* on
a record-medium*, the imprint of a succession of such marks
or spots forming a particular coded pattern.
(1)
Note. A typewriter of this and indented subclasses may be
capable of imprinting a succession of character* symbols
that together from an intelligible text, but this typewriter is
also capable of imprinting a pattern that is sensed or "read" by another
machine or a pattern that forms a picture to a human"s
eye. In some instances the pattern embodies a sequence of number
digits, but the digits represent a pattern of indicia or signs rather
than a numerical value.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is capable of imprinting
in a normal or usual English Alphabet as well as capable of imprinting
a mark or spot of ink* on the record-medium*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter wherein the mark or spot of ink* that
is imprinted is in the form of ferrous particles capable of being
oriented or reoriented by magnetism, or is in the form of ink containing
such ferrous particles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein the mark or spot of ink* is
characterized by having a particular color or pigment or chemical
composition, any of which characteristics is significant in determining
the coded pattern that is desired.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein the mark or spot or ink* that
forms part of the coded pattern is capable of conducting a current
of electricity.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
imprinting of a mark or spot of ink* on an article of apparel
that is to be washed.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
that is capable of imprinting character* symbols in an
alphabet other than the standard English alphabet.
(1)
Note. The standard "English" alphabet is
one that is derived from the Roman or Latin alphabet, and therefore
is common to languages used in many European countries, including
most of the western European countries. This and indented subclasses
provide for a typewriter capable of typing in such alphabets as
Cryllic (e.g., for Russian, Bulgarian or Serbian), Semitic (e.g.,
Arabic, Hebrew), Greek, Medieval German, etc., or is capable of typing
such oriental languages as Chinese, Japanese, etc., the enumeration being
only exemplary.
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter wherein the character* symbols are
embossed in the record-medium* so as to be discerned by
tactile sensation.
(1)
Note. The typewriter of this subclass usually forms a character* in
the form of a pattern of embossments, each different pattern representing
a different letter or number or other symbol. A trained blind person
feels the different patterns with his/her fingers and so "reads" the
character*s that form the text.
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is capable of imprinting
character* symbols used in an oriental language.
(1)
Note. An "Oriental" language is one that is
used by the inhabitants of Asia. Such languages as Chinese, Japanese,
Burmese, etc. are examples of Oriental languages.
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is capable of imprinting
character* symbols used in a Semitic language.
(1)
Note. A "Semitic" language is one that is
used by such people as Arabs and Hebrews. It is characterized by
being written and read from right to left.
ANNULAR TYPEWRITER (E.G., FOR TYPING AROUND CIRCUMFERENCE OF
PLATEN):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
having a cylindrical or partially cylindrical platen* for
supporting or backing a record-medium* in which typewriter
character* symbols are imprinted on the record-medium in
such manner that each successively imprinted character in a direction extending
around the periphery of the platen.
(1)
Note. Successive characters may be imprinted in a helical
arrangement around the periphery, thus requiring no mechanism for
line-space* distances, or the platen may be moved axially between
successive print-line* typing, thus producing line-spaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter wherein said platen* turns about an
axis during use of the typewriter, and wherein said axis extends
upwardly relative to the typewriter.
(1)
Note. The turning of the platen is in increments corresponding
to character-space* distances and may be rotated in one
direction for a cylindrical platen or be rotated by increments followed
by oscillation in a return direction for a partially cylindrical
platen.
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter wherein said platen* turns about an
axis that is disposed to be parallel to the base of the typewriter
and parallel to the sides of the typewriter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter wherein one or more mechanisms of the typewriter
is/are driven with the help of energy derived from a source
other than the energy of the typist.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
capable of imprinting character* symbols on a music roll,
or capable of imprinting character symbols representing the notes
used for indicating the signs and tones of a musical composition.
(1)
Note. A "music roll" is a web of record-medium* having
holes therein, the holes controlling the playing of a "player piano".
In the typewriter of this subclass the music roll is also imprinted
with the words of the song being played on the player piano, so
that a user may sing along with the music being played.
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
capable of imprinting character* symbols representing the
notes used for indicating the signs and tones of a musical composition.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which character* symbols are successively imprinted
or formed in or on a surface of a record-medium* by applying
a piece of metal having a form (image) therein directly against
said record-medium* and heating said metal to thereby provide
the image on the record-medium*.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which character* symbols are successively imprinted
or formed on a surface of a record-medium* by forming the
character* portion by portion.
Data Processing: Presentation Processing of Document,
Operator Interface Processing, and Screen Saver Display Processing, appropriate subclassesfor document processing performed by a computer
for presentation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 118.2. Subject matter wherein a recording means conducts current
through a resistive layer of the record-medium* or an ink* carrier
for generating heat to produce a record upon the record-medium* by
the reason of the medium becoming scorched, burned, marked, or otherwise thermochemically
changed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 118.2. Subject matter wherein a recording means, due to its being
in a heated condition, produces a record upon the record-medium* as
by reason of the medium becoming scorched, burned, marked, or otherwise
thermochemically changed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.02. Subject matter including an ink* carrier comprising
stratified strips, each with a different chromatic ink*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.02. Subject matter including an ink* carrier consisting
of a single strip having plural regions, each having a different
chromatic ink*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.01. Subject matter wherein the recording means comprises recording
elements grouped into sections capable of being selectively energized.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.01. Subject matter wherein the recording means, record-medium*,
or ink*-carrier is warmed-up prior to recording.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.01. Subject matter comprising a regulating means for controlling
the amount of energy supplied to the recording means to maintain
a uniform output on the record.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.09. Subject matter wherein the regulating means controls the
amount of energy supplied to selected recording elements based on
a number of recording elements being simultaneously energized.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.09. Subject matter wherein the regulating means responds to
variations in resistance values of heat radiating resistor elements
constituting recording elements of the recording means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.09. Subject matter wherein the regulating means responds to
changes in electrical potential across a heating element used for
heating the recording means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.09. Subject matter wherein the regulating means is responsive
to a parameter associated with the ink* carrier, the ink*,
or the record-medium*.
(1)
Note. Examples of the parameter are: the thickness of the
ink* carrier, the thickness of the paper, the volatility
of the ink*, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.09. Subject matter wherein the regulating means responds to
variations in temperature of the recording means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.09. Subject matter wherein the regulating means responds to
the amount of energy supplied to a particular recording element
during its previous use.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.01. Subject matter comprising a mechanism for holding or moving
the recording means from an operative position in which the recording
means is pressed against the record-medium* to an inoperative
position in which the recording means is released from pressing engagement
with the record-medium*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.16. Subject matter comprising means for selectively varying
pressure applying the recording means against the record-medium*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120.01. Subject matter comprising fixing or fusing means for applying
substances, energy, or pressure upon the record-medium* or
the record.
This subclass is indented under subclass 118.2. Subject matter wherein the character* symbol is
formed on the record-medium by percussing two or more discrete elements
(i.e., impact members) arranged in a group by use of an actuator
directly or indirectly against the record-medium*.
(1)
Note. The discrete elements are arranged into the configuration
of a selected character*, the same or different discrete
elements being selectable to arrange such elements into the configuration
of a different selected character*, wherein each of the
discrete elements is a member that is movable from a rest position
where it does not effect imprinting to an active position where
it effects printing, and wherein the configuration of a selected
character* symbol is formed by moving selected members from
a rest position to an active position by energization of actuators
in the printhead.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.01. Subject matter including an electrically powered actuator
and means to modify the input power thereof (i.e., the signal) to
control operating parameters of the actuator.
(1)
Note. These parameters include: length of actuation, strength
of actuation, and exact time of actuation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.02. Subject matter wherein the input power is modified according
to the location of the actuators along the print-line*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.02. Subject matter wherein the input power is modified in order
to change the strength of the pressure applied by the impact member
against the record-medium*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.05. Subject matter wherein the force which is applied to the
record-medium* by the impact members is varied according
to the number of sheets of the record-medium* being printed
upon.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.02. Subject matter wherein impact member selection is determined
so as to distribute even consumption thereof, or to offset broken or
missing impact members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.01. Subject matter including more than one discrete groupings
of impact members arranged along the print-line*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.08. Subject matter wherein the character* symbol or
successive character* symbols produced are polychromatic.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.01. Subject matter wherein ink* is applied to the impact
members prior to the impact members percussing the record-medium*.
(1)
Note. This is generally done by providing a reservoir for
ink* on the printhead, and the impact members are driven through
or next to a pad which distributes the ink* onto the impact
members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.01. Subject matter including significant structure of the impact
member, the actuators, or the housing therefor (i.e., the printhead).
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.11. Subject matter including structure for interconnecting portions
of the printhead together or for connecting the printhead to a support.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.11. Subject matter including significant structure of the means
for applying percussing force to the impact members (i.e., the actuator).
(1)
Note. Patents claiming a printhead having significant actuator
structure are classified here.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.14. Subject matter including means for concurrently percussing
more than one impact member against the record-medium* by
use of a single actuator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.14. Subject matter wherein the percussive force is produced
in the actuator by periodic deformation of a dielectric body as
a result of an applied electric or magnetic field or electric voltage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.14. Subject matter wherein the means for producing the percussive
force includes a looped conductor for conducting electrical current
which produces a magnetic* field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.17. Subject matter including significant structure to an electric
circuit or any portion thereof for conducting electric current through the
looped conductor.
(1)
Note. The electromagnet is not considered to be a part of
the "significant structure to an electric circuit" for
purposes of classification in this subclass.
(2)
Note. This subclass could include, for example, a printhead
with an electromagnet having a particular electrical terminal or
connector, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.18. Subject matter wherein the looped conductor is displaceable
relative to the housing responsive to the magnetic* field
produced therein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.18. Subject matter wherein the magnetic* field acts
against the magnetic* field of a material which is magnetically
polarized.
(1)
Note. This does not include magnetic* fields which
exist for a moving coil.
Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches,
Magnets, and Electromagnets,
subclasses 229+ for general purpose electromagnets which include
a permanent magnet.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.17. Subject matter including resilient means acting to move
the impact members against the force exerted by the magnetic* field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.21. Subject matter including significant structure of means
for halting movement of the actuator towards its rest position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.17. Subject matter including significant structure of a movable
portion of the electromagnet or support means therefor.
Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches,
Magnets, and Electromagnets,
subclasses 270+ for details of mounting general purpose electromagnetic* actuators,
and subclasses 279+ for structure of armatures used in
general purpose electromagnets.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.11. Subject matter including significant structure of means
for directing the impact member towards the record-medium*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.24. Subject matter including means for applying a friction reducing
substance between the impact member and the directing means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.24. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
material which forms the directing means for the impact member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.24. Subject matter wherein the impact member directing means
is movable relative to the housing or to a carriage* which
supports the housing.
(1)
Note. This is usually done in order to increase the density
of output by shifting one set of impact members relative to another
on the same printhead.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.11. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
layout of the record-medium* contacting portion of the
impact members within the housing.
(1)
Note. To be in this subclass, the layout should be arranged
in other than a straight line.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.11. Subject matter including significant structure of the member
which causes the impression on the record-medium*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.29. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
shape of the portion of the impact member that impacts against the
record-medium*.
(1)
Note. This subclass does not include impact members which
are uniformly circular.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which imprinting on a record-medium* is accomplished
by a type-die* that contacts a surface of the record-medium
and permanently deforms the surface to raise or lower the contacted
surface relative to the uncontacted surface into a line representing
a character*.
(1)
Note. An example of the form of typing accomplished by the
typewriter of this and indented subclasses is the making of a credit
card or an address plate having letters and symbols raised above
the surface of the card or plate.
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
record-medium* that the typewriter is typing on, the record-medium
being an object having a shape or configuration that is other than
flat, and wherein the type-die* permanently embosses a
character* symbol in a surface of the object.
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter wherein a typewriter is provided with a support
for a multiplicity of type-die* elements for embossing
the different character* symbols that the typewriter is
capable of embossing, which support is enabled to be moved relative
to the record-medium*, whereby any of the type-die elements
may be selected to be impressed against the record-medium; and the
selected type-die element may be impressed to emboss a character
symbol on the record-medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein the selection of a type-die*,
or the control of a function* of the typewriter, is governed
by a programmed-control-system*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein electricity is used to energize selection
of a type-die* or the operation of a function* of
the typewriter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein the selected type-die* element
is moved to and fro relative to the support, the movement occurring
for the purpose of impressing the selected type-die against the record-medium*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein the support for the type-die* elements
is an elongated, closed-loop strip movable in the direction of its
elongation, to select the type-die to be impressed against the record-medium*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein the support for the type-die* elements
is a member that turns about an axis to select the type-die to be impressed
against the record medium*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Subject matter wherein the type-die* element that
is to be impressed against the record-medium* is selected
by pressing a corresponding key* element located on a key-board*,
the pressing of which key causes selection of type-die and movement
of the selected type-die to the print-point*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 134.1. Subject matter wherein the selected type-die* element
moves to the print-point* with respect to its support and
to the other type-die elements that are on the support.
This subclass is indented under subclass 134.2. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with means
for storing a quantity of record-medium* articles that
are to be embossed, said means including a receptacle or container
for storing the articles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Subject matter wherein the member that supports the type-die* elements
is part of an instrumentality for embossing character* symbols
one at a time in succession, which instrumentality is intended to
be grasped in a hand of a user and operated while so grasped.
This subclass is indented under subclass 134.4. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality is provided with
means for storing a quantity of record-medium* in the form
of an indeterminate-length strip of material on which character* symbols
are to be embossed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Subject matter wherein the support for the type-die* elements
is part of an instrumentality, which instrumentality is provided
with means for storing a quantity of record-medium* in
the form of an indeterminate-length strip of material on which character* symbols
are to be embossed.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a typewriter
in which imprinting on a record-medium* is accomplished
by a type-die* that contacts a surface of the record-medium
and cuts through that surface into the opposite surface to form
one or more perforations in the surface, which perforations taken together
represent a character*.
(1)
Note. An example of the form of typing accomplished in the
typewriter of this and indented subclasses is the writing of a bank
check or money order representing an amount of money to be paid,
the digits representing the amount being pierced or scarified into
the surface of the check so that alteration of the check cannot
be accomplished without visible indication of an attempt to alter
the check.
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
formation of a character* symbol by excising the record-medium* using
type-die* elements that sever the record-medium to produce
perforations therein, each perforation having an outline of a character
symbol.
(1)
Note. The record-medium so severed with cutout characters
is used as a stencil by placing the stencil on surface and coating
the stencil and surface with pigment. When the stencil is lifted
from the surface, the pigmented areas on the surface will form the
characters that have been cut out of the stencil record-medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
formation or character* symbols on a form that directs
a bank of financial institution to pay money, or a form that shows
the amount of money to be paid for value received.
(1)
Note. The significance of the particular form of character
in the typewriter of this and indented subclasses is that such characters
cannot be altered without detection; thus, the amount of money that
the check represents will not be raised in value.
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter+ wherein a typewriter is provided
with a support for a multiplicity of type-die elements for piercing
the different character* symbols that the typewriter is
capable of piercing, which support is enabled to be moved relative
to the record-medium* whereby any of the type-die elements
may be selected to be impressed against the record-medium and the selected
type-die element may be impressed to pierce a character symbol on
the record-medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter wherein electricity is used to energize selection
of type-die* or operation of a function* of the
typewriter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter wherein the support for the type-die elements
is a member that turns about an axis to select the type-die to be
impressed against the record-medium*.
(1)
Note. In the typewriter of this subclass the type-die elements
usually pierce one surface of the record-medium to roughen that
surface beyond a level where the surface may be made smooth again.
The intent is not necessarily for the type-die to perforate both
surfaces of the record-medium, but rather to scarify at least one surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 138.2. Subject matter wherein the type-die* element that
is to be impressed against the record-medium* is selected
by pressing a corresponding key* element located on a key-board*,
the pressing of which key causes selection of a type-die and movement
of the selected type-die to the print-point*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 138.2. Subject matter wherein at least one of the type-die* elements
is constructed so as to have type-dies representing or corresponding
to more than one character* symbol, whereby when one of
such elements is impressed against the record-medium*,
a plurality of character symbols will be formed in the record-medium.
(1)
Note. The typewriter of this subclass usually imprints an
amount of money spelled in letter symbols rather than numeral symbols.
This subclass is indented under subclass 138.4. Subject matter wherein the type-die* elements turn
about an axis while being impressed against the record-medium* that
is backed up by a platen*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 138.2. Subject matter wherein the type-die* elements include
slender elements, each having a sharp point at one end, or include
elements, each having a sharp edge, which sharp point or edges penetrate
through both opposite surfaces of the record-medium* as
the type-die impacts the record-medium.
INCLUDING TYPE-SET-ASSEMBLAGE MOUNTED ON CARRIER AND RELATIVELY
MOVABLE FOR SELECTION AND FOR IMPACT OF TYPE-FACE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a typewriter is provided with a type-head-carrier* or
with a type-face-carrier*, either of which carriers supports
a type-set-assemblage* for movement of the type-face* elements
thereon relative to the record-medium*, whereby any of
the type-face elements may be selected or chosen to be impressed
against a record-medium and the selected or chosen type-face element
may be impressed to imprint a character* symbol.
(1)
Note. The definition of type-head- carrier in the Glossary,
section III, discusses the difference between a type-head-carrier
and a type-face-carrier. Briefly, a type-head-carrier supports a
type-head* wherein all type-faces are integral one with
the others, whereas a type-face-carrier supports type-faces that
are movable, one with respect to the others. The difference between "selected" and "chosen" is
also discussed in the Glossary under the definition of case-shift* and other
definitions. Briefly, a particular type-face is selected from among
the many available from a type-set-assemblage whereas an upper-case* form
of letter (as distinguished from a lower-case* form of
the same letter) is chosen from the forms available on one key* element.
(2)
Note. In some typewriters movement of the selected or chosen
type-face for impact is a relative movement; that is, in these typewriters
the platen* (and the record-medium supported thereby) are moved
toward the selected or chosen type-face, whereas in most typewriters the
type-face moves toward the platen.
(3)
Note. The definition of type-bar-segment* discusses
the differencebetween a type-bar-segment and a type-face-carrier.
Briefly, a type-bar-segment supports a type-set assemblage for
case-shift movement (i.e., choice of upper-case or lower-case),
whereas a type-face-carrier supports a type-set- assemblage for selection
of type-face from among many type-faces as well as for choice of
upper-case or lower-case.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein a typewriter is provided with a type-face-carrier* that
supports a type-set-assemblage* comprising a plurality
of separate type-face* elements, and wherein the typewriter
is also provided with a mechanism for selecting or choosing the
particular type-face that is to be impressed against the record-medium* and
with a mechanism for moving said type-face toward the print-point*.
(1)
Note. In this and indented subclasses the term type-face
may include, for example, an element carrying both the upper-case* and
lower-case* forms of the same letter, and both forms on
the same element are moved together, although only the chosen form
of the letter is impressed against the record-medium. The relative movement
referred to is that which moves the element for the selected letter away
from the other type-face elements of a type-set-assemblage and toward
the print-point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter wherein the type-face-carrier* supports
a plurality of type-face* elements each of which elements
may be reciprocated relative to the type-face-carrier, and wherein the
type-face-carrier may be reciprocated relative to the typewriter.
(1)
Note. The direction of reciprocation of the type-face elements
is usually perpendicular to the direction of reciprocation of the
type-face-carrier.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein the type-face-carrier* may
be reciprocated relative to the typewriter and may also be turned
in one direction of to-and-fro in opposite directions about an axis
of turning, and wherein the reciprocation of the type-face carrier
is along a line that coincides with said axis of turning.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter wherein the type-face-carrier* supports
a plurality of type-face* elements each of which elements
may be reciprocated relative to the type-face-carrier, and wherein the
type-face-carrier may be turned on an axis relative to the typewriter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter wherein the type-face-carrier* supports
a plurality of members, each of which members is oscillatable to
and fro on its own axis, and each of which members supports one of
the type-face* elements of a type-set-assemblage*,
and wherein the type-face-carrier may be turned on an axis relative
to the typewriter.
(1)
Note. Usually the members (i.e., pivotable arms) extend in
a direction parallel to the axis of the type-face-carrier and pivot
in a direction extending radially of the axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter wherein the type-face-carrier* supports
a plurality of members, each of which members is resilient and oscillatable
to and fro relative to the carrier, and each of which members supports
one of the type-face* elements of a type-set-assemblage*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter wherein the type-face-carrier* may
be turned relative to the typewriter either in one direction or
to and fro in opposite directions about an axis of turning, thereby
to turn the plurality of members and type-face* elements
relative to the typewriter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144.1. Subject matter wherein the type-face carrier* includes
the plurality of resilient members, and wherein the members extend
radially from the axis of the carrier in substantially the same plane,
and each member, and the type-face* element supported thereby,
oscillates in a second plane that is coincident with said axis.
(1)
Note. The term "daisy" wheel has been applied
to this form of type-set- assemblage* and carrier due to
its resemblance to a daisy.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144.2. Subject matter wherein the type-face-carrier* turns
in one direction without stopping during the typing operation of
the typewriter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144.2. Subject matter wherein the type-face-carrier* turns
by power applied directly by the typist to the carrier.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter wherein the type-face-carrier* is
made of a material that is resilient and supports a plurality of
type-face* elements thereon, and wherein the selected or
chosen type-face is yieldably displaced relative to the type-faces
remaining in the type-set-assemblage* and the displaced
type-face is impressed against the record-medium*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein a typewriter is provided with a member
that supports a type-set-assemblage* for movement of the
type-face* elements therewith relative to the typewriter, which
member is an elongated, closed-loop strip trained around two or
more pulleys and movable in the direction of its elongation to select
or choose the type-face to be impressed, and which type-face elements
are moved with the strip in a direction substantially perpendicular
to the elongation toward the record-medium* to impress
the type-face against the record-medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein a typewriter is provided with a member
that supports a type-set-assemblage* for movement of the
type-face* elements therewith relative to the typewriter, which
member may be reciprocated along a first straight line for selection
or choice of the type-face elements thereon, and on which member
the type-face elements are supported in a second straight line that
is parallel to said first straight line.
(1)
Note. The reciprocating movement defined above is that which
is needed for selection of choice of a type-face. There may also
be another movement, for example, a pivoting motion toward the record-medium*,
imparted to the member for impressing the type-face against the
record-medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Subject matter wherein the member is reciprocated along
said first straight line and also may be turned about an axis that
is parallel to said first straight line, and on which member two
or more sets of type-face* elements are supported, each
set in a straight line parallel to said first straight line.
(1)
Note. Each set of type-face elements defined above may comprise
all or part of a type-set-assemblage*, or may comprise
upper-case* or lower-case* forms of the same letter,
or may comprise type-set-assemblage having different font* assortments
of type-faces. The rotation of the member enables selection or choice
from among the type-faces of different sets of type-faces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein a typewriter is provided with two
or more typehead* elements that are supported on the typewriter
to enable motion of each of the typeheads toward the print-point* of
the typewriter separately from the other(s) to imprint the selected
or chosen type-face* element on the record-medium*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter wherein each of the type-head* elements
is supported for rotation on its own axis of rotation and each of
the type-heads may be moved toward the print-point* of
the typewriter separately from the other(s) to imprint the selected
or chosen type-face* element on the record-medium* and
wherein all of the axes of rotation of all the type-head elements are
normally in the same line, the selected type-head being moved away
from said line when it is moved toward the print-point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter wherein the type-head* elements
are each supported on a platform or member, which platform or member
is capable of rotation about an axis of rotation, and each of the
type-head elements being capable of separate movement toward the
print-point* of the typewriter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Subject matter wherein the print-point* is located
on or adjacent to the platen* of the typewriter, which
platen is rotatable about an axis, and wherein the axis of rotation
of said platform is parallel to the axis of rotation of the platen.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
member that is (a) cylindrical or cylindroidal, (b) rotatable about
an axis that extends through the cylinder parallel to the circumference
of the cylinder, and (c) supporting a plurality of type-set-assemblage* groups
of type-face* elements on the circumference of the cylinder.
(1)
Note. Usually the type drum extends in length to substantially
the full width of the record-medium* and each of the type-set-assemblages
extends around the circumference of the type drum. The number of
type-set-assemblages provided on the type drum corresponds to the
number of character* symbols and character-space* distances
that may be included within the width of the record-medium. Selection
of type-face for the first character of a print-line* is
made from the first type-set-assemblage and selection of the second
character of that print-line is made from the next adjacent type-set-assemblage,
the action being repeated until the entire print-line has been imprinted.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein the relative movement between a selected
or chosen type-face* and the record-medium* occurs
as result of the record-medium being moved to the type-face for
imprint of a character* symbol on the record-medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Subject matter wherein the record-medium* is moved
to a type-face* that is supported by a type-head* by
means of a striking member that imparts to the record-medium a sudden
movement toward the selected or chosen type-face.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with mechanism
for selecting or choosing the particular type-face* that
is to be impressed against the record-medium* by the movement
of the record-medium toward the type-face.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
an elongated, flexible element trained around a plurality of rotatable
wheels, the mechanism being connected to a type-head* that
supports the type-face* elements.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
type-head* having a cylindroidal or spheroidal surface
having the type-face* elements of a type-set-assemblage* thereon, which
type-head is normally in a particular rest position and is moved
to a second position at which the selected or chosen type-face will
be impressed against the record-medium*, and wherein significance
is attributed to movement of the type-head that results in the least
amount of type-head movement as it moves from the rest position
to the second position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Subject matter . wherein said selecting mechanism, includes
one or more circular plates, each plate being rotatable to a position
where particular index characteristics on the plate(s) are related
to an arrangement within the mechanism that causes completion of
an electrical or magnetic circuit, the completion of the circuit effecting
selection or choice of the type-face* desired by the typist.
(1)
Note. The index characteristics may be, for example, notches
or apertures in the discs, which permit passage of a beam of light
that actuates a photoelectric cell when the notches or apertures
in several discs are aligned, or may be magnetic code in one or
more discs, which completes a circuit when proper alignment of the
code disc(s) is accomplished.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
an electric motor that rotates incrementally, the rotation being
caused by the selection or choice of a type-face* and the motor
being connected to a type-head* that supports the type-face
elements.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
an electrical circuit or an electromagnetic device connected to
a type-head* that supports the type-face* elements.
(1)
Note. The mechanism or circuit for this subclass may include
a commutator, a solenoid, an electromagnetic coil, an induction
coil, or other similar device used in the selection or choice of
a type-face.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
an electromagnet powered by an electrical current, and wherein the
typewriter includes mechanism for performing at least one other
function*, which function is energized by either the same
electromagnet that energizes the selecting mechanism or by a different
electromagnet powered by an electrical current.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
a rotatable cylindroidal member having elements on the cylindrical
surface thereof that protrude from the surface, which elements are
arranged to form a helix on the cylindrical surface and which elements
engage portions of the selecting mechanism to connect the mechanism
to a type-head* that supports the type-face* elements.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
one or more members, each member being either (a) an elongated component
that is movable along its length, or (b) a circular component that
is rotatable, or (c) a flat and relatively thin component that is
movable in a plane parallel to its width and length dimensions,
and also having particular index characteristics on the member,
which member(s) is/are moved to a position relative to
an arrangement within the mechanism where the index characteristics
are aligned to enable movement of another component of the mechanism
to effect selection or choice of the type-face* desired
by the typist.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
a plurality of toothed wheels in mesh one with the other(s) and
at least one rotating and revolving about another, while in mesh
therewith, which assemblage of toothed wheels in connected to a
type-head* that supports type-face* elements,
one of which elements is to be selected or chosen for impression.
This subclass is indented under subclass 156.2. Subject matter wherein the assemblage of toothed elements
is provided with means to temporarily secure the toothed elements together
until the selected or chosen type-face* has been impressed
against the record-medium*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
type-head* that is formed as a rotatable, cylindroidal
member having type-face* elements on the cylindroidal surface thereof,
which type-face elements are arrayed as a helix on the cylindroidal
surface, and wherein selection or choice of the type-face that is
to be impressed against the record-medium* is made from
one of the helically arrayed elements.
(1)
Note. The type-set-assemblage* of type-faces may
be arranged in one or more helical paths.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to said
striking member or the means for causing movement of, or supporting,
said striking member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.1. Subject matter wherein movement of the striking member is
regulated as to its striking force, whereby the striking force can
be changed as desired.
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.1. Subject matter wherein the striking member(s) is/are
supported on an elongated, closed-loop strip trained around two
or more pulleys and movable in the direction of its elongation,
or wherein the striking members are supported on a rotatable, cylindroidal
component and are arranged in a helix around the circumference of said
component.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
platen* that is a backup for the record-medium* and
is also provided with a mechanism for moving the record-medium in
a line-space* direction, which platen also moves the record-medium
toward the selected or chosen type-face* for imprint of
a character* symbol on the record-medium.
(1)
Note. In this subclass the record-medium is moved in a line-space
direction by a mechanism other than the platen.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Subject matter wherein the platen* also moves the
record-medium* in a line-space* direction by rotation
of the platen.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
platen* that is a backup for the record-medium* and
is also provided with a mechanism for applying ink* to
the imprinting surface or line of a type-face*, which platen moves
the record-medium toward the selected or chosen type-face for imprint
of a character* symbol on the record-medium after said
type-face has been inked.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
type-head-carrier* that supports a type-head* for
movement relative to said carrier so that any of the type-face* elements
on the type-head may be selected or chosen to be impressed on the
record-medium*, and wherein the type-head-carrier is supported
for arcuate movement of said carrier toward the record-medium to
imprint the corresponding character* symbol on the record-medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter wherein said type-head-carrier* is
mounted on a carriage* to be arcuately movable toward the
record-medium* to impress a selected or chosen type-face* against
the record-medium, and wherein said carriage is movable to impart
character-space* and word-space* distances to
the carriage and the type-head-carrier that is mounted thereon.
This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with selecting
mechanism for moving the type-head* relative to its type-head-carrier* to select
or choose the particular type-face* that is to be impressed
against the record-medium* by movement of the type-head
toward the record-medium.
(1)
Note. The term "golf-ball" type-head has
been applied to the type-heads of this subclass because of the spheroidal
configuration of the type-head elements found herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 161.1. Subject matter wherein said mechanism for selecting or choosing
the particular type-face* is driven by an assemblage of
toothed wheels or toothed members in mesh, one with the other(s),
which assemblage is connected to a type-head* that supports
type-face elements, one of which elements is to be selected or chosen
for impression.
This subclass is indented under subclass 161.2. Subject matter wherein at least one of the toothed wheels
is supported by, or integral with, the type-head* and at
least another of the toothed wheels is supported by the type-head-carrier*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 161.2. Subject matter wherein said toothed member moves to-and-fro
in a straight line and is driven by an assemblage of elements that
converts movement of various kinds into the straight line movement
of the toothed member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 161.1. Subject matter wherein said mechanism for selecting or choosing
the particular type-face* is driven by a plurality of cam
surfaces that are connected by way of cam surface followers to the
type-head* that supports type-face elements, one of which
elements is to be selected or chosen for impression.
(1)
Note. A "cam surface" is defined as the edge
periphery of a disc that rotates about an axis, the radial distance
from the axis to the periphery varying around the periphery. As
the disc rotates, the distance of a follower that is in contact with
the periphery will increase and decrease relative to the axis of
the disc, thus the rotation of the disc will effect substantially
radial movement of the follower. The cam surfaces may be on separate
disc elements or may be on a single member having separate cam surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with selecting
mechanism for moving the type-head* relatively to its type-head-carrier* to
select or choose the particular type-face* that is to be
impressed against the record-medium* by movement of the
type-head toward the record-medium.
(1)
Note. The difference between this subclass (162) and subclass
161.1 above is that in this subclass the type-head is movable for
selection of the particular type-face, whereas in subclass 161.1
the type-head is mounted on a type-head-carrier that is movable
toward the record-medium, and the type-head-carrier is mounted on
a carriage* that is movable for character-space* distances.
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
an elongated, flexible element trained around a plurality of rotatable
wheels, the mechanism being connected to a type-head* that
supports the type-face* elements.
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein the typewriter is provided with a
type-head* having a cylindroidal or spheroidal surface
having the type-face* elements of a type-set-assemblage* thereon, which
type-head is normally in a particular rest position and is moved
to a second position at which the selected or chosen type-face will
be impressed against the record-medium*, and wherein significance
is attributed to movement of the type-head that results in the least
amount of type-head movement as it moves from the rest position
to the second position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
one or more circular plates, each plate being rotatable to a position
where particular index characteristics on the plate(s) are related
to an arrangement within the mechanism that causes completion of
an electrical or magnetic circuit, the completion of the circuit effecting
selection or choice of the type-face* desired by the typist.
(1)
Note. The index characteristics may be, for example, notches
or apertures in the discs, which permit passage of a beam of light,
that actuates a photoelectric cell when the notches or apertures
in several discs are aligned, or may be a magnetic code in one or
more discs, which completes a circuit when proper alignment of the
code disc(s) is accomplished.
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
an electric motor that rotates incrementally, the rotation being
caused by the selection or choice of a type-face* and the motor
being connected to a type-head* that supports the type-face
elements.
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
an electrical circuit or an electromagnetic device connected to
a type-head* that supports the type-face* elements.
(1)
Note. The mechanism or circuit for this subclass may include
a commutator, a solenoid, an electromagnetic coil, an induction
coil, or other similar device used in the selection or choice of
a type-face.
This subclass is indented under subclass 163.1. Subject matter wherein said electromagnetic device causes
the type-head* to be moved in the direction of the record-medium* in
order to effect the imprint of the selected type-face* element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 163.1. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
an electromagnet powered by an electrical current, and wherein the
typewriter includes mechanism for performing at least one other
function*, which function is energized by either the same
electromagnet that energizes the selecting mechanism or by a different
electromagnet powered by an electrical current.
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
a rotatable cylindroidal member having elements on the cylindrical
surface thereof that protrude from the surface, which elements are
arranged to form a helix on the cylindrical surface and which elements
engage portions of the selecting mechanism to connect the mechanism
to a type-head* that supports the type-face* elements.
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism is caused
to operate by the energy that is transmitted and said mechanism
by way of exertion of a force upon a gaseous material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein said selecting mechanism includes
one or more members, each member being either (a) an elongated component
that is movable along its length, or (b) a circular component that
is rotatable, or (c) a flat and relatively thin component that is
movable in a plane parallel to its width and length dimensions,
and also having particular index characteristics on the member,
which member(s) is/are moved to a position relative to
an arrangement within the mechanism where the index characteristics
are aligned to enable movement of another component of the mechanism
to effect selection or choice of the type-face* desired
by the typist.
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