Class Definition for Class 396

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CLASS 396,	PHOTOGRAPHY
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE CLASS SUBJECT MATTER

A. This class provides for photographic apparatus not classified elsewhere, generally for recording a picture made by a source of light on a photographic medium.

B. This class also includes fluid-treating apparatus for development of film.

C. This class will not receive for original placement a patent claiming alternative embodiments, one of a type proper for this class and one of a type related to another recording class. Patents claiming alternative embodiments will be placed in the class that provides for the alternative and crossed in the appropriate subclass in this class. This class will receive a patent disclosing two types of recording devices when the claims are general or related to this class.

D. Subcombinations of picture recording apparatus not otherwise provided for, such as a removable film-holder unit, hood, camera housing, and camera setting indicator or legend, are classified here.

E. Also classified here are certain accessories related to photography not otherwise provided for such as studio structure (e.g., background, photographic model, or support, etc.), camera mounting or rest, camera attachment (e.g., a vignetter), retouching, or burnishing device.

F. Nonchemical processes involving photographic apparatus of sections A-E, Class Definition, General Statement of the Class Subject Matter, above (e.g., operating such apparatus) are included in this class. See References to Other Classes, below, for processes of radiation imagery chemistry.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

Excluded from Class 396 is subject matter relating to image recording of an original or carrier which is developed by toner and video cameras utilizing a semiconductive or CCD device. Such subject matter may be found elsewhere. See below for the line between Class 396 and Class 348.

LINE BETWEEN CLASS 396 and CLASS 348

Class 396 will receive for original placement a patent disclosing both Class 396 and Class 348 devices when the claims are general or directed only towards Class 396 subject matter and are otherwise proper therefor.

Class 396 will not receive for original placement a patent claiming alternative embodiments, one of a type proper for Class 396 and one of a type proper for Class 348. Such a patent should be classified as an original in Class 348 and crossed into the appropriate subclass in Class 396.

Similar placement applies to a claim reciting a combination of Class 348 and Class 396 subject matter. The original is classified in Class 348 with a cross to Class 396 except where Class 348 subject matter merely provides a perfecting feature of a Class 396 type camera or camera system. In that case, the original is classified in Class 396.

(1) Note. Class 396, subclasses 429+ will accept a combination of a Class 396 type camera and a diverse art device where such combination is not otherwise provided for. For classification purposes above, the recitation of an "image sensor," "image pickup device," or the like that generates an image representative electrical signal which may be subsequently processed or displayed, or the positive recitation of a "video camera" in a claim is considered to be Class 348 subject matter if otherwise proper therefor. OBJECT ILLUMINATION SUBCOMBINATIONS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE Artificial light sources, per se, may be distinguished as being either noncombustible or combustible. Noncombustible incandescent lamps, where the filament is not intended to be burned or consumed and for gas discharge lamps of the "electronic flash" type are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below. The combination of a Class 313 light source and the electrical circuitry for energizing the same are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below. Circuits of general utility for igniting combustible or explosive devices, such as rockets or dynamite are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below. The combination of an artificial light source with a protector, support or distributor, and photographic lights are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below. Combustible illuminating flash devices such as photographic bulbs, and electrical circuitry for electrically igniting a combustible light source are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below.

(1) Note. This class (396) provides for the combination of an illumination device and essential camera structure other than a mere recitation of a "camera housing wall". FLUID-TREATING APPARATUS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE Class 34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, is the generic class for the contacting of solids with either, or both, gases or vapors. Class 34 provides for the apparatus which merely claims a gas generator, such as ammonia, with means for containing the gas for treating "photographic" material and may include means for handling or feeding the material in or into the gas treatment area. The inclusion of heating means for vaporizing liquid or solid ammoniated compounds to release ammonia gas or vapor does not preclude classification in Class 34. Class 134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, is the generic class for apparatus for contacting solids with liquids for any purpose not provided for in other classes. The Class 134 definitions should be referred to for the classification of patents directed to subcombinations of fluid treating apparatus. The combinations of photocopying apparatus and developing apparatus are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below. Mixing chambers of the print washer-type including specified feed means without a separate work holder where turbulence or agitation will inherently occur during normal usage are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below.

(1) Note. This class (396) provides for gas treatment of claimed specific material such as "diazo" sheet material. See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.

This class (396) provides for the combination of a camera and developing apparatus not limited to photocopying. See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.

This class (396) provides for a claimed recitation of a vessel containing a developing solution and a vessel containing a fixing or washing solution with means for moving a photographic film, print, or plate therethrough sequentially.

This class (396) provides for the combinations which include claimed recitations concerning specified solutions, such as "hypo," or specified material by its photographic characteristic or orientation, such as emulsion side up.

This class (396) provides for provide for the combination of fluid treating apparatus and a dark cabinet wherein the light-excluding features are claimed. See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.

This class (396) provides for fluid treating apparatus for treating superimposed or laminar sheets. See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.

See References to Other Classes, below for liquid development. CAMERA CASE SUBCOMBINATIONS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE Receptacles particularly constructed to contain a camera such as having a special shape and interior arrangement provided with shelves, racks, or arrangements of clasps or retaining devices for holding a camera are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below. Devices for carrying a camera wherein means are provided that are especially adapted to be supported upon a person"s body are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below. Cabinet structure designed to house picture machines or films or other highly inflammable material and cabinets for housing and supporting instruments so that relative guided motion between the instrument and the cabinet structure results in placement of the instrument in a position exposed for use or in a position as for storage, out of the way in cabinet structure are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below.

(1) Note. This class (396) provides for a camera which includes a detailed light-excluding case, casing, or housing. See Subclass References to the Current Class, below. FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS IN CLASS 396 In establishing new Class 396, only a portion of the foreign patents/nonpatent literature from old Class 354 was reclassified along with the U.S. patents into subclasses 1-661 of the new Class 396 schedule. Those Class 354 subclasses with foreign patents/nonpatent literature which were not reclassified into subclasses 1-661 of Class 396 had these documents transferred directly to equivalent foreign art collections maintaining their original titles and positioning. Those Class 354 subclasses with foreign patents/nonpatent literature which were reclassified into subclasses 1-661 of Class 396 have no equivalent foreign art collections. The Class 396 subclasses having associated foreign patent/nonpatent literature are as follows: 1-5, 14-47, 207-209, 246-256, 268-276, 281-296, 301-309, 322-350, 429-434, 438, 505-563, and 661. The foreign art collections in Class 396 (subclasses FOR 700 - FOR 971) are intended only for receiving foreign patents/nonpatent literature. In subclasses 1-661, references to foreign art collections under "SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS" are intended only as a guide and consideration should be given to the remaining set of foreign art collections in completing a search. Definitions of the foreign art collections were excerpted from the corresponding Class 354 subclass definitions.

SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

30+,	for the combination of a camera and developing apparatus not limited to photocopying.
535+,	provide for a camera which includes a detailed light-excluding case, casing, or housing.
579,	for gas treatment of claimed specific material such as "diazo" sheet material.
580+,	for fluid treating apparatus for treating superimposed or laminar sheets.
589+,	for the combination of fluid treating apparatus and a dark cabinet wherein the light-excluding features are claimed.

SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

15,	Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 100 for wiping-type, photographic-film cleaners.
33,	Geometrical Instruments, subclass 266 for a straight line light ray geometrical instrument which is camera mounted, subclass 314 for impressing an indication of a borehole direction or inclination on a photosensitive record, subclass 334 for an indicator of the direction of force traversing a natural medium which is structurally installed on a camera and related to a feature thereof, and subclass 615 for a contact member which facilitates the positioning of a photographic element or element holder at a desired spacing with respect to a support.
34,	Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, is the generic class for the contacting of solids with either, or both, gases or vapors. Class 34 provides for the apparatus which merely claims a gas generator, such as ammonia, with means for containing the gas for treating "photographic" material and may include means for handling or feeding the material in or into the gas treatment area. The inclusion of heating means for vaporizing liquid or solid ammoniated compounds to release ammonia gas or vapor does not preclude classification in Class 34.
40,	Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclasses 361+ for a photographic transparency viewer.
73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 1.42+ for camera shutter proving or calibrating.
74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses for an element of a camera; e.g., gear, cam, etc.
75,	Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 417 for processes producing free metal from photographic waste at 300 degrees Centigrade or greater combined with a step at less than 300 degrees Centigrade and using a liquid nonmetallic material, subclass 635 for processes recovering silver from photographic material at 300 degrees Centigrade or greater, and subclass 713 for processes producing free metal from photographic material below 300 degrees Centigrade using a liquid nonmetallic material.
83,	Cutting, subclass 948 for a Cross-reference Art Collection relating to photographic film cutting.
116,	Signals and Indicators, subclass 213 for an indicator with a camera merely providing support.
134,	Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, subclass 64 for apparatus exhibiting liquid contact with a longitudinally travelling strip (e.g., photographic) where there are sequential work-treating stations or a station with means to transfer work or fluid-applying devices, and subclass 122 for apparatus exhibiting liquid contact with a longitudinally travelling strip (e.g., photographic). Class 134, is the generic class for apparatus for contacting solids with liquids for any purpose not provided for in other classes. The Class 134 definitions should be referred to for the classification of patents directed to subcombinations of fluid treating apparatus.
156,	Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, subclass 58 for miscellaneous chemical manufacturing methods of contour or profile photography to reproduce a three-dimensional object.
178,	Telegraphy, subclass 15 and 90, for telegraphy including a photographic operation.
206,	Special Receptacle or Package, subclass 316.2 for a special camera receptacle or package receptacles particularly constructed to contain a camera such as having a special shape and interior arrangement provided with shelves, racks, or arrangements of clasps or retaining devices for holding a camera. .
224,	Package and Article Carriers, provides for devices for carrying a camera wherein means are provided that are especially adapted to be supported upon a person"s body; subclass 908 for a Cross-reference Art Collection relating to a photographic (e.g., camera) carrier.
235,	Registers, subclass 64.7 for a mechanical photographic calculator, and subclass 91 for a device (e.g., photograph) operated register.
242,	Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 324+ for an unwinding and rewinding coil-to-coil machine convertible information carrier (e.g., magnetic tape or photographic film, etc.) cartridge system, or subclasses 615+ for a residual guide or guard that directs elongated flexible material that may be combined with more than one nominal winding structure.
248,	Supports, appropriate subclasses, for a device which carries the weight of an article or otherwise holds or steadies it against the pull of gravity, and a device for holding an article to its support.
250,	Radiant Energy, subclass 214 for a special photocell or electron tube circuit (including photographic control), subclasses 363.02+ for a luminophor body scanner or camera with radiant energy source, subclasses 475.2+ for photographic-type detection of invisible radiation, and subclasses 580+ for the making of a photograph by invisible radiation generally. A camera or part thereof which may be used to take a photograph by visible light as well as by ultraviolet or infrared rays is in Class 396. Picture making by a Class 250 device combined with a Class 396 device is provided for in Class 250.
252,	Compositions, subclasses 582+ for optical filter composition and optical filter defined only in terms of its composition.
283,	Printed Matter, subclass 77 for a photographic personal identifier with revealable concealed information, and subclass 112 for a photograph and revealable concealed information which is plastic laminated.
292,	Closure Fasteners, Digest 48, for a camera cover fastener.
294,	Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 139 for an optical instrument support per se to be gripped and carried by hand.
312,	Supports: Cabinet Structure, subclass 10.1 , provides for cabinet structure designed to house picture machines or films or other highly inflammable material and subclasses 21+ provide cabinets for housing and supporting instruments so that relative guided motion between the instrument and the cabinet structure results in placement of the instrument in a position exposed for use or in a position as for storage, out of the way in cabinet structure. Some of the patents include the instrument housed by name only but in general if any instrument structure is recited, the combination is classified with the instrument.
313,	Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, for noncombustible incandescent lamps, where the filament is not intended to be burned or consumed and for gas discharge lamps of the "electronic flash" type.
315,	Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, provides for the combination of a Class 313 light source and the electrical circuitry for energizing the same.
340,	Communications: Electrical, subclass 937 for a vehicle detector with camera.
342,	Communications, Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., RADAR, Radio Navigation), subclass 66 for a directive radio wave system where the return signal controls a camera.
346,	Recorders, particularly subclasses 107.1+ for the subject matter of that class combined with a photographic step or apparatus.
348,	Television, appropriate subclasses and particularly subclasses 272+ and 294+ for an electronic camera with a semiconductor matrix in place of film or a CCD device.
351,	Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting, subclasses 206+ for an eye examining instrument with eye photography.
352,	Optics: Motion Pictures, appropriate subclasses for motion picture method or apparatus, especially subclass 51 for methods of recording a series of drawings using photographic images as guides, subclass 137 for a motion picture camera structurally convertible to a still camera, and subclass 169 for a motion picture camera which can selectively record a single frame.
353,	Optics: Image Projectors, subclasses 5+ for a projection system for mapping or aerial photograph rectifying.
355,	Photocopying, for photographically copying information from an original or carrier that is not classified elsewhere, while generally employing a concentrated source of light and an image receiving medium with a photosensitive emulsion surface; subclasses 27+ , 100, and 106+ for combinations of photocopying apparatus and developing apparatus.
356,	Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for measuring or testing combined with photographic recording provided for there, subclass 3 for rangefinder, subclasses 213+ for photometers, subclass 302 for dispersed light spectroscopy using a photographic medium, subclass 404 for photographic light wave frequency analysis, and subclasses 443+ for light transmission or absorption analysis of photographic film.
358,	Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, subclass 302 for facsimile photographic recording, subclass 527 for a color facsimile photographic previewer, and subclass 909.1 for a Cross-reference Art Collection related to an electronic still camera with a semiconductor matrix in place of film.
359,	Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, appropriate subclasses for optical subcombinations of a camera, and subclass 564 for optical Fourier transform spatial filtering with photographic media.
361,	Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses 248+ for circuits of general utility for igniting combustible or explosive devices, such as rockets or dynamite.
362,	Illumination, for the combination of an artificial light source with a protector, support or distributor; subclasses 3+ specifically for photographic lights.
366,	Agitating, subclass 166 provides for mixing chambers of the print washer-type including specified feed means without a separate work holder where turbulence or agitation will inherently occur during normal usage.
369,	Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclass 125 for dynamic information storage or retrieval having a photographic storage medium.
378,	X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, appropriate subclasses, particularly subclasses 167+ for methods and apparatus for making pictures of animate and inanimate objects by the action of X-rays and gamma rays.
386,	Processing of Color Television Signal for Dynamic Recording or Reproducing, subclasses 42+ for color television signal recording or reproducing using a dynamic photographic record, and subclasses 128+ for generic television signal recording or reproducing using a dynamic photographic record.
399,	Electrophotography, subclasses 9+ for diagnostics, subclasses 38+ for controls, subclasses 130+ for image formation, subclasses 168+ for charging, subclasses 177+ for exposure, subclasses 222+ for development, subclasses 237+ for liquid development; subclasses 297+ for transfer, subclasses 320+ for fixing, subclasses 343+ for cleaning, and subclasses 361+ for document handling.
427,	Coating Processes, appropriate subclasses for the method of making a filter by coating.
428,	Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclasses 98+ for a structurally defined developed film or photographic print, subclasses 195+ for a structurally defined sheet with discontinuous or differential coating such as a retouched photograph, subclasses 221+ for a developed film or photographic print in which an element or component is structurally defined, and subclasses 411.1 for a developed film or photographic print defined merely by the composition of its layers.
430,	Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for radiation imagery chemistry involving process, composition, and product.
431,	Combustion, subclasses 357+ for combustible illuminating flash devices such as photographic bulbs, and subclass 362 provides for electrical circuitry for electrically igniting a combustible light source.
446,	Amusement Devices: Toys, subclass 408 for a simulated camera toy providing a sound.
493,	Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, subclasses 53+ for rigid container making with photographic reproduction, subclasses 187+ for pliable container making with photographic reproduction, and subclass 270 for tube making with photographic reproduction, and subclasses 320+ for manufacturing from a sheet or web with photographic reproduction.
536,	Organic Compounds, subclass 40 for recovering nitrated cellulose from photographic film, and subclass 78 for recovering cellulose acetate from photographic film.
600,	Surgery, subclass 525 for electric heartbeat signal recording using a CRT and camera.
702,	Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, subclasses 182+ for performance or efficiency evaluation.
D16,	Photography and Optical Equipment, subclasses 200+ for design patents relating to cameras or bodies therefor, and subclasses 237+ for design patents relating to photographic accessories.
D21,	Games, Toys, and Sports Goods, subclass 514 for design patents relating to toy cameras and photographic type toys.

SECTION V - GLOSSARY

APERTURE

An aperture is an opening in the camera through which light passes in order to expose a photographic medium.

APERTURE VALUE (Av)

Aperture value is a logarithmic number indicative of aperture size.

CAMERA

A camera is a device which, when actuated, uses light to record an image of an object which may be chemically developable to become visible. It generally includes (a) a light-tight enclosure, (b) a lens for forming an image of an object at an image plane, (c) a holder for a photographic medium at the image plane, (d) a device to control the light flux reaching the photographic medium, and (e) an opaque device selectively operable to pass light to a photographic medium for a period of time. See References to Other Classes, above (e.g., Classes 250 and 378), for information regarding picture-making devices of diverse energy spectra.

CAMERA STRUCTURE

Camera structure is that subcombination of a camera not otherwise provided for in another class.

DEVELOPING APPARATUS

Developing apparatus is that which makes a photographic image visible.

DIAPHRAGM

A diaphragm is a device to change the light flux passing through the aperture.

EXPOSURE

Exposure is the act of allowing light to reach the photographic medium.

EXPOSURE CONTROL CIRCUIT

An exposure control circuit is an electronic circuit to control the exposure.

EXPOSURE OBJECTIVE

An exposure objective is an objective that focuses light from the object onto a photographic medium.

EXPOSURE SYSTEM

An exposure system is one that has means to regulate or adjust an amount of light reaching the photographic medium.

EXPOSURE TIME

Exposure time is the length of time an exposure occurs.

EXPOSURE TIME VALUE (Tv)

Exposure time value is a logarithmic number indicative of exposure time.

EXPOSURE VALUE (Ev)

Exposure value is the sum of the aperture value and exposure time value.

FLASH DEVICE

A flash device is a means to produce one or more bursts of light to provide scene illumination for exposure.

FOCUSING

Focusing is the act of obtaining a sharp image of a subject by adjusting a lens system.

FRAME

A frame is the space or area on a photographic medium normally occupied by one picture.

IN-FOCUS

An in-focus condition occurs when an object image attains its sharpness.

LIGHT FLUX

Light flux is the rate of light flow across a surface.

OBJECT (or SUBJECT)

An object or a subject refers to a person or thing within the scene to be recorded on a photographic medium.

OBJECTIVE

An objective is a lens that normally faces the object. See Class 359 for a more specific definition.

PHOTOGRAPHIC MEDIUM

A photographic medium is a material coated with a chemical that is photosensitive to actinic light.

RANGEFINDING

Rangefinding is the act of measuring the distance from a subject to the camera.

SCENE

A scene is the view to be recorded on a photographic medium.

SHUTTER

A shutter is a device for blocking or unblocking the passage of light for controlling the exposure time.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 1]

STUDIO STRUCTURE:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having means to assist in taking a photograph which is not part of a camera or attached to a camera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

348,	Television, subclass 722 for television studio equipment.
359,	Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclasses 591+ for means for illuminating building interiors with outside light.
362,	Illumination, appropriate subclasses for artificial illumination generally.

2	Photo booth:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter comprising a self-contained, relatively small studio enclosure which permits automatic photography of an individual or small group.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 3]

Background or foreground:

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter having means auxiliary to a primary object which are included in a photograph to produce a scenic effect.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

160,

Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel, appropriate subclasses for backgrounds in the form of plural strips, slats, or panels interconnected for relative motion, where only the structure thereof, with or without operating, mounting, or housing means, are claimed and no features specialized to photography (such as surface characteristics of the background or particular relation to the object to be photographed) are claimed.

352,

Optics: Motion Pictures, subclasses 88+ for sets used in motion pictures.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 4]

Lighting:

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including detailed studio illuminating means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

155+,

for camera structure combined with object illuminating means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

362,	Illumination, subclasses 3+ for photographic lighting, per se.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 5]

Object support:

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including structure for maintaining an object at a desired position during studio photography.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

310+,	for camera data recording.
419+,	for camera support, in general.
556+,	for phototype composing which may include diverse-type stencil carrier.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 6]

DISPOSABLE OR RECYCLABLE CAMERA:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which a camera body structure is loaded with film at a factory and the entire structure is returned to the factory for removal and processing of the film.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

535+,

for a camera body detail.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399,	Electrophotography, subclass 109 for remanufacturing of electrophotographic parts.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 7]

AERIAL CAMERA:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a camera is specifically adapted for aerial photography or is combined with or specially adapted for attachment to a support which is at a practically inaccessible altitude or is combined with means specially adapted for controlling exposures at inaccessible altitudes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

FOR 756+,,

for foreign art collections involving aerial cameras.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

348,	Television, subclasses 144+ for television cameras adapted for aerial viewing.
359,	Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclass 820 for lens mounts with means to compensate for temperature change.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 8]

Having shutter or film feed speed and air or spin speed synchronizing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein the camera is intended to be mounted on an air vehicle and has means for varying the speed of the shutter or photographic medium feeding mechanism in response to a change in the speed of the air vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

387+,	for camera structure with film drive in general.
FOR 757,,	for a foreign art collection involving an aerial camera having shutter or film speed and air or spin speed synchronizing.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 9]

Simultaneous recording of plural images:

This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein two or more images are recorded at the same time.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

322+,	for plural image recording in general.
FOR 759+,	, for foreign art collections involving an aerial camera having simultaneous recording of plural images.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 10]

Plural images recorded on plural film:

This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein the plural images are recorded on separate photographic media.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

322+,	for plural image recording in general.
FOR 760,	, for a foreign art collection involving an aerial camera having plural images recorded on plural film.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 11]

Including continuously moving film:

This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein a film is shifted without interruption during the recording of a single exposure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

20+,	for a scanning camera.
387+,	for camera structure with film drive in general.
FOR 762,	, for a foreign art collection involving an aerial camera including continuously moving film.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

352,	Optics: Motion Pictures, appropriate subclasses for recording of motion pictures.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 12]

Support or holder:

This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter including means for supporting the camera against gravity.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

419+,	for camera support, in general.
FOR 765,,	for a foreign art collection involving an aerial camera having support or holder.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 13]

Having stabilizing (e.g., gyroscope, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter wherein the camera support has a stabilizing system to compensate for the movement of the structure to which the support is mounted.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

55,	for systems which actually sense camera shake and provide subsequent stabilization.
FOR 761,	, for a foreign art collection involving an aerial camera having direction stabilizing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 5+ for gyroscopes.

14	BODY EXAMINATION PHOTOGRAPHY:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a camera is adapted to photograph a living being or portion thereof for subsequent identification or inspection.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 15]

Skin ridge pattern (e.g., fingerprint):

This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter wherein a camera is adapted to photograph distinctive elongated raised areas of a skin surface.

(1) Note. This typically comprises fingerprint photography but may also include comparable photography of a palm or sole of foot.

16	Mouth, jaw, or tooth:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter wherein a camera is adapted for dental-type photography.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 17]

Endoscope:

This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter wherein a camera is attached to a device which may be inserted within the body through a relatively small opening.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

348,	Television, subclasses 65+ for a video endoscope.
385,	Optical Waveguides, subclasses 117+ for an optical fiber bundle endoscope, per se.
600,	Surgery, subclasses 101+ for a surgical endoscope with illuminating means which may or may not include an imaging device such as a camera.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 18]

Eye photography:

This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter wherein a camera is adapted to photograph the exterior or interior of an eye.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

51,	for eye gaze tracking.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

351,	Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting, subclasses 206+ for an objective-type eye examining or testing instrument that includes still or motion picture photographic apparatus.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 19]

HOLLOW CAVITY TYPE:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a camera is specifically adapted for use in photographing the interior of a hollow cavity.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

17,	for a camera with endoscope.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

346,	Recorders, subclass 107.2 for well-bore photographic recorders.
348,	Television, subclasses 65+ , 84, and 85 for television cameras adapted for use in endoscopes, pipelines, or well-bores, respectively.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 20]

SCANNING CAMERA:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including camera structure wherein there is relative motion between the lens and a light sensitive surface in order to increase the angular extent of the view covered.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

11,	for an aerial camera making a single exposure on a continuously moving film.
436,	for variable frame masking producing a wide aspect ratio photograph.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

248,	Supports, appropriate subclasses and particularly subclass 349.1 for a rotatable support base.
352,	Optics: Motion Pictures, subclasses 69+ for a motion picture panoramic camera.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 21]

Including reflector:

This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter which utilizes a mirrorlike element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

351,	for means to reflect an image to film in general.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

359,	Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclasses 838+ for a mirror, per se.

22	Concave film surface:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter wherein a photographic medium surface is bent into the form of a partial cylinder and the exposure is made upon the inner cylindrical surface.

23	Convex film surface:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter wherein a photographic medium surface is bent into the form of a partial cylinder and exposure is made upon the outer cylindrical surface.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 24]

Synchronization of film and camera movement:

This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter including means to apply a force to photographic medium surfaces to effect motion, and means which operates in time relationship therewith to apply a force to the camera to effect its motion during exposure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

8,	for shutter/film speed with air/spin speed synchronizing.
11,	for an aerial camera utilizing continuously moving film.
387+,	for camera structure and film drive, in general.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 25]

UNDERWATER, WATERPROOF, OR WATER-RESISTANT CAMERA:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a camera is provided with means for protection from liquid intrusion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

535+,

for a generic camera housing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

348,	Television, subclass 81 for television cameras adapted for use in underwater environments.

[List of Patents for class 396 subclass 26]

Fluid pressure detection or modification:

This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter which senses or changes gas or liquid pressure in the immediate vicinity of the camera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 700+ for a fluid pressure gauge.

27	Camera removable from handheld casing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter including a camera portion readily separable from a manually supported enclosure. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLA