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 [Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 370]   CLASS 370,MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATIONS
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

A. This is the generic class for multiplexing or duplexing systems, methods, or apparatus.

(1) Note. Multiplexing includes for example, time division multiplexing (TDM) frequency division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal and quasiorthogonal multiplexing techniques, phantom connections and plural channel adaptive systems.
(2) Note. Selective or telemetering systems which may be analogous to multiplexing techniques are not classified here but elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes, below.)
(3) Note. The distinction between multiplexing and selective or telemetry is: in multiplexing, the information is unrestricted as to content, e.g., a teletype-writer which uses an alphabet to transmit unlimited information, whereas in selective or telemetry devices, the information is restricted as to content, e.g., a transducer measuring a single parameter. B. This class includes elements and circuits forming subcombinations having a utility unique to multiplexing such as rotary distributors used as multiplexers, synchronizers used to control distribution of multiplexed channels, bridge duplex circuits, resonant circuits having a special utility in a frequency division multiplexing system.
(1) Note. Multiplex modulators, per se, are not classified in this class. See classification elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes, below.)

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

A. Electrical circuits which may be used in multiplexing systems but are not unique to multiplex communications are classified in the appropriate class for such circuits. (See References to Other Classes, below.)

B. Significantly claimed multiplex techniques in combination with the subject matter of Class 178, Telegraphy, Class 375, Pulse or Digital Communications, Class 379, Telephonic Communications, or Class 455 Telecommunications are classified in Class 370, Multiplex Communications.

C Significantly claimed apparatus external to this class, claimed in combination with apparatus under the class definition, which perform multiplexing operations, are classified in the class appropriate to the external device. (see paragraph B above). (See References to Other Classes, below for examples.)

D Nominally claimed apparatus external to this class in combination with apparatus under the class definition, is classified in this class unless provided for in the appropriate external class. For example, a nominally recited coupled network which includes significant multiplexing operations is classified herein.

E. Multiplexing systems and related devices found in other classes, for which see below

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

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73, Measuring and Testing,   appropriate subclass for significantly claimed apparatus external to this class (370) which perform multiplexing operations.
246, Railway Switches and Signals,   appropriate subclass for multiplexed railway signalling information.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems,   subclass 562 for multiplexed data-transmission links utilized in a servo systems.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing,   appropriate subclass for significantly claimed apparatus external to this class (370) which perform multiplexing operations.
327, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclasses 407+ and 415+ for converging and diverging signal switched paths, respectively.
329, Demodulators,   subclasses 300+ for frequency shift keying demodulator; subclasses 304+ for phase shift keying demodulator; subclasses 311+ for pulse demodulator; subclasses 315+ for frequency modulation demodulator; subclasses 345+ for phase modulation demodulator; and subclasses 347+ for amplitude modulation demodulator.
332, Modulators,   subclasses 100+ for frequency shift keying modulator; subclasses 103+ for phase shift keying modulator; subclasses 117+ for frequency modulator; and subclasses 149+ for amplitude modulator.
332, Modulators,   subclasses 106+ for multiplex pulse modulation, subclasses 119+ for multiplex frequency modulation, subclasses 144+ for multiplex phase modulation, and subclasses 151+ for multiplex amplitude modulation.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,   subclass 1 for plural transmission lines or networks; subclass 4 for balanced transmission lines; subclass 117 for hybrid-type networks; and subclasses 165 through 167 for wave filters.
340, Communications: Electrical,   subclass 853.1 for geophysical systems which may include multiplexing means; subclasses 825-825.98 for selective systems analogous to multiplexing systems (including foreign art collection FOR 107 for a selective loop system); and subclasses 870.11-870.15 for telemetering which may include multiplexing means.
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion,   subclass 141 for multiplex in analog to or from digital conversion.
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave System and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation),   subclasses 1 through 25for radar systems which may include multiplexing systems.
345, Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems,   appropriate subclasses for display communications which may include multiplexing means.
348, Television,   appropriate subclasses for television signal transmission which may use multiplexing techniques.
358, Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,   subclass 425 for multiplex facsimile information.
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,   subclasses 18+ for multiplex magnetic information.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval,   subclass 189.011 and 230.01+, for a static memory system with the handling of signal information or the addressing of memory locations respectively analogous to multiplexing techniques particularly subclasses 189.02 and 230.02 for such a system having multiplexed signals in each of the respective systems.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval,   subclass 102 for plural information signals multiplexed on an optical storage track..
380, Cryptography,   subclasses 255 through 276for a communication system using cryptography.
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,   subclasses 1+ for stereo, especially subclasses 2+ for broadcast and multiplex stereo.
385, Optical Waveguides,   subclasses 1+ , 4+, or 16+ for optical waveguides with modulation or switching.
398, Optical Communications,   subclasses 41 through 42for duplex optical communication and subclasses 43-103 for multiplex optical communication.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,   Class appropriate subclasses for significantly claimed apparatus external to this class (370) which perform multiplexing operations.
709, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multiple Computer or Process Coordinating,   appropriate subclassesfor general purpose programmable computers which may include multiplexing techniques wherein data is transferred between the computers and processing of the data by the computers occurs before or after the data transfer operation.
710, Electrical Computers and Digital Data Processing Systems: Input/Output,   subclass 316 for data processing intra-system connection which may use a bus switch.
714, Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,   subclasses 3+ for replacement with spare devices, subclass 4 for reconfiguring transmission facility, and subclasses 712+ for transmission facility testing.
725, Interactive Video Distribution Systems,   appropriate subclasses for video signal transmission which may use multiplexing techniques.

SECTION IV - GLOSSARY

BANDWIDTH

The width of a communications channel.

LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

A relatively short distance data communication network linking computers and other devices utilizing some type of standard control.

MULTIPLEXING

The simultaneous transmission of two or more information signals in either or both directions over a common (same) transmission medium in such a manner that the information signals may be discretely recovered.

PROTOCOL

A specific set of rules about data format and data transmission timing between two devices.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 200]    200PHANTOM:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein an additional channel is derived from two suitable arranged pairs of wires called side channels, and each pair of wires is a channel itself and at the same time acts as one conductor of the phantom channel.
(1) Note. The phantom channel is added by differentially modulating the longitudinal, common mode signals of each wire channel at one end of both wire channels and by detecting the difference at the other end of said wire channels. Signals from the phantom channel thus are canceled from the output of the individual wire channels, but appear as the difference between values of common mode currents carried by the wire channels.

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178, Telegraphy,   subclass 45 for a phantom connection on a loaded circuit.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 201]    201CROSSTALK SUPPRESSION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including special arrangements to eliminate interference among multiplexed channels.

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278,and 282+, for a transmit/receive interaction control in a duplex system.

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178, Telegraphy,   subclasses 69+ for circuit maintenance.
379, Telephonic Communications,   subclass 417 for telephone cross talk suppression, in general.
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,   subclasses 13 , 47, 71.1+, 83, 93, and 94.1+ for noise and feedback suppression in a one-way audio signal transmission system.
455, Telecommunications,   subclass 24 , 63.1-65, 135, 222-224, 278.1, 283-288, 296-312, and subclasses 501-506 for noise suppression in a radio system in general.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 202]    202AMPLITUDE COMPRESSION OR EXPANSION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein magnitude or a signal is reduced prior to transmission and a corresponding magnitude restoration is performed at reception.

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477,for a multiplex system using bandwidth conservation technique.
521,for a multiplex system with time compression or expansion.

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333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,   subclass 14 for a companding device.
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion,   appropriate subclasses for a code converter which may include bandwidth reduction.
348, Television,   subclasses 384.1 through 440.1for bandwidth reduction relating to analog television signal processing.
358, Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,   subclasses 426.01 through 426.16for bandwidth reduction relating to video processing.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications,   subclasses 240.01 through 240.29for digital television bandwidth compression system.
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,   subclasses 29+ for audio bandwidth compression or expansion.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 203]    203GENERALIZED ORTHOGONAL OR SPECIAL MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein (a) a multiplexed channel is uniquely identified and separated from other multiplexed channels by members of a pair of mathematical functions having a sum of products or having an integral that is zero or sometimes one under specified conditions, or (b) particular mathematical processes are used to achieve multiplexing techniques.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include TDM or FDM techniques.

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708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating,   subclasses 400+ for orthogonal transformations.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 204]    204Plural diverse modulation techniques:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 203.  Subject matter wherein a wave carrier of information is being modified by more than one modulation technique.

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478,for a system employing both time division and frequency division multiplex.

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332, Modulators,   subclass 108 for multiplex pulse modulation, per se; subclasses 119+ for multiplex frequency modulation, per se; subclasses 144+ for multiplex phase modulation, per se; and subclasses 151+ for multiplex amplitude modulation, per se.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications,   appropriate subclass for nonmultiplexed pulse or digital modulation in combination with analog modulation.
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems, and Devices,   subclasses 2+ for broadcast or multiplex stereo systems using plural diverse types of modulation.
455, Telecommunications,   subclass 102 for plural modulations of nonmultiplexed analog signals.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 205]    205Pulse width and pulse position modulation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 204.  Subject matter wherein information is contained in the time duration of a pulse (pulse width) and in the time of occurrence (pulse position) of one pulse after a reference pulse.

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332, Modulators,   subclass 108 for multiplex pulse modulation, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 206]    206Quadrature carriers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 203.  Subject matter wherein two carrier frequencies are 90 degrees in phase (i.e., quadrature or orthogonal in phase), e.g., sin2 wt and cos2 wt.

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375, Pulse or Digital Communications,   subclass 235 for equalizing of digital quadrature channels.
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,   subclasses 19+ for quadrasonic stereo channels.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 207]    207Having a signaling constellation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 206.  Subject matter wherein supervisory information is transmitted or received in a symbol pattern different from the symbol pattern carrying the primary information, and wherein the symbol patterns are generated using quadrature modulation technique (e.g., QAM, QPSK, etc.).
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 208]    208Particular set of orthogonal functions:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 203.  Subject matter wherein a special set of orthogonal functions are used to achieve multiplexed transmission (e.g., Legendre polynomials, Bessel functions).
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 209]    209Walsh functions:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 208.  Subject matter wherein the set of orthogonal functions consist of Walsh functions.

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708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating,   subclass 410 for a Walsh transformation using an electric digital calculating computer in a nonmultiplex communication.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 210]    210Fourier transform:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 203.  Subject matter utilizing a special mathematical relationship that provides a connection between information in the frequency domain and the time domain.

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708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating,   subclasses 403+ for a Fourier transform using an electric digital calculating computer in a nonmultiplex communication.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 211]    211Level multiplex:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 203.  Subject matter wherein two or more information signals, each of the signals having a unique amplitude or level, are combined to form a combined signal wherein the individual information signals are separable by amplitude or level.

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375, Pulse or Digital Communications,   subclasses 286+ for a pulse waveform with two or more discrete amplitude levels.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 212]    212PULSE WIDTH (PULSE DURATION) MODULATION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein information is contained in the time duration of a pulse.

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213,for pulse position modulation.

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332, Modulators,   subclasses 109+ for a multiplex pulse width modulator, per se.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications,   subclass 238 for nonmultiplex pulse width modulation.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 213]    213PULSE POSITION MODULATION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein information is contained in the time of occurrence of a pulse after a reference pulse.

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212,for pulse width modulation.

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332, Modulators,   subclasses 112+ for a multiplex pulse position modulator, per se.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications,   subclass 239 for nonmultiplex pulse position modulation.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 214]    214SIMULTANEOUS TELEGRAPHY AND TELEPHONY:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including concurrent transmission of bidirectional pulse information signal and audio signal over a single transmission channel.

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379, Telephonic Communications,   subclasses 108.01+ for alternative transmission of a telegraph or telephone signal over a single channel.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 215]    215PHASE MODULATION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein information is contained in a shift in phase of a carrier frequency with respect to a reference phase.

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332, Modulators,   subclasses 144+ for a multiplex phase modulator, per se.
455, Telecommunications,   subclasses 110+ for angle modulation of transmitting signals; and subclasses 205+ for phase modulation of receiving signals.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 216]    216FAULT RECOVERY:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein a corrective action is taken to return a faulty device or system to a satisfactory operating condition.
(1) Note. Data flow congestion is not considered to be a fault.

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229+,for data flow congestion prevention or congestion control in a multiplex system.
241+,for the diagnostic testing of a normal or abnormal operation of a multiplex communication element or system without any necessary corrective action.

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714, Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,   subclasses 2+ for fault recovery of generic information processing system which is not limited to multiplex communication.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 217]    217Bypass an inoperative switch or inoperative element of a switching system:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 216.  Subject matter including a switching system or network which has a provision for alternate routing when the system is fault.

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244,for fault detection of a switching system.
250+,for testing of a standard operation of a switching system.

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340, Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 3.43 and 3.44 for selective communication monitoring in a faulty condition.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 218]    218Packet switching system or element:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 217.  Subject matter wherein information routed in the switching system is organized by one or more bytes preceded by an address header.

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389,for packet switching, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 219]    219Standby switch:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 218.  Subject matter wherein the provision for alternate routing of packet switched traffics is a spare or backup switch.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 220]    220Standby switch:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 217.  Subject matter wherein the provision for alternated routing in the switching system is a spare or backup switch.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 221]    221Bypass an inoperative station:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 216.  Subject matter wherein a faulty node or terminal is excluded from service.

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714, Error Detection/Correction And Fault Detection/Recovery,   appropriate subclasses for fault detection and recovery of a digital data system which is generic and not limited to multiplex communications, particularly subclasses 3+ for reconfiguration of a system to provide correction in response to a fault.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 222]    222In a ring or loop network:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 221.  Subject matter wherein the inoperative station is an element in a closed path transmission system.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 223]    223Using a secondary ring or loop:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 222.  Subject matter wherein the inoperative station is bypassed by using an auxiliary closed transmission loop.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 224]    224Loopback of signals on the secondary ring or loop:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 223.  Subject matter wherein information on the secondary loop is transmitted in reverse direction with the normal transmission loop.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 225]    225Bypass an inoperative channel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 216.  Subject matter wherein another path or channel is selected and substituted for a path or channel that is malfunctioning.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 226]    226In a repeater system:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 225.  Subject matter wherein the communication system has at least one retransmission station wherein an alternate communication channel is provided to convey information when a primary channel or link is failed.

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242,for fault detection of a repeater system.
246+,for testing of a standard operation of a repeater.
274,for a quadruplex repeater.
279,and 293, for a duplex repeater.
315+,for a repeater in communication over free space.
492,for repeating information via a frequency channel.
501+,for repeating information via a time channel.

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379, Telephonic Communications,   subclass 4 for nonmultiplex telephone alternate routing around a faulty repeater.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 227]    227Using a spare channel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 226.  Subject matter wherein the multiplex repeater system has a primary and a backup or protection line, and the backup line is activated to route information data when the primary channel is malfunctioning.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 228]    228Spare channel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 225.  Subject matter wherein the multiplex system has a primary and a backup line, and the backup is activated to routed information data when the primary channel is malfunctioning.

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340, Communications: Electrical,   subclass 825.01 for selective communications with a spare channel.
714, Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,   subclass 4 for replacement with spare transmission facility or channel which is not a multiplex communication system.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 229]    229DATA FLOW CONGESTION PREVENTION OR CONTROL:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including provisions for (a) avoiding or (b) regulating an actual or potential traffic overload condition.

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241+,for the diagnostic testing of a multiplex communication element or system without any necessary action for regulating the traffic overload condition.

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704, Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language Translation, And Audio Compression/Decompression,   subclass 270.1 for speech assisted network.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 230]    230Control of data admission to the network:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 229.  Subject matter having means for regulating the amount of data entering a multiplex network so as to prevent an overloading or a further overloading of the network.

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235,for regulating the flow of data between switches or nodes in a network.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 230.1]    230.1Traffic shaping:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 230.  Subject matter wherein the data admission control provides consistent packet/cell flow.
(1) Note. Consistent cell flow may be achieved by varying delay.

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395.1through 395.72 for generic message transmission using fixed length packets, and 395.4-395.43 for scheduling in generic message transmission using fixed length packets.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 231]    231End-to-end flow control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 230.  Subject matter wherein a signaling between an originating terminal point and a destination terminal point regulates the amount of information transmitted into the network.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 232]    232Based on data flow rate measurement:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 230.  Subject matter wherein the control of data flow overload is based on a measurement of the amount of information transmitted per unit time.

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252+,for determination of communication parameters which may includes a measurement of data flow rate.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 233]    233Measurement of the peak data flow rate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 232.  Subject matter wherein the control of data flow overload is based on a measurement of a maximum value of data flow rate.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 234]    234Measurement of the average data flow rate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 232.  Subject matter wherein the control of data flow overload is based on a measurement of a medial value of the data flow rate.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 235]    235Flow control of data transmission through a network:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 229.  Subject matter having means to regulate the amount of information transmitted through the network once the data is in the network.

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230+,for regulation the flow of data at a network entry point.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 235.1]    235.1Using leaky bucket technique:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 235.  Subject matter wherein network flow control is achieved by a technique which utilizes packet storage having scheduled output therefrom at a uniform rate.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 236]    236Including signaling between network elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 235.  Subject matter wherein supervisory or control information is transmitted between switches or nodes to control data flow between switches or nodes.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 236.1]    236.1Using RM (Resource Management) cells:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 236.  Subject matter wherein fixed length packets which indicate current network bandwidth (e.g., cell rate) and congestion conditions are fed back to a network source.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 236.2]    236.2Using OAM (Operation, Administration and Maintenance) cells:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 236.  Subject matter wherein performance monitoring cells related to congestion are distributed to network elements.

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241.1,for diagnostic testing using OAM cells.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 237]    237Congestion based rerouting:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 235.  Subject matter wherein data is communicated on an alternate channel when a preferred or desired channel is unavailable due to excessive amounts of information already being carried on the preferred or desired channel.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 238]    238Least cost or minimum delay routing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 235.  Subject matter wherein data is communicated on a channel or channels based upon the determination that the selected channel or channels will have the lowest (a) toll, expense, or (b) delay.

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455, Telecommunications,   subclass 445 for radiotelephone least cost call routing.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 238.1]    238.1ATM least cost routing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 238.  Subject matter wherein data is communicated in a network utilizing fixed length asynchronous transfer mode packets (i.e., ATM cells) based upon a determination that a selected channel or channels will have the lowest toll or expense.

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395.1through 395.72, for message transmittal using fixed length ATM packets in general.

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455, Telecommunications,   subclass 445 for cellular radiotelephone least cost routing.
709, Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems: Multiple Computer or Process Coordinating,   subclass 241 for computer-to-computer least weight routing.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 239]    239Using antijabber circuit:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 229.  Subject matter having circuitry for disabling a device which is transmitting more information than allocated or transmitting for a greater period of time than allocated.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 240]    240In a star coupler:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 239.  Subject matter wherein the antijabber circuit is in a coupling means that distributes signals from one or more inputs among a larger number of outputs.
  
[List of Patents for class 370 subclass 241]    241DIAGNOSTIC TESTING (OTHER THAN SYNCHRONIZATION):
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein at least part of a multiplex system is to be evaluated for its performance.
(1) Note. This subclass may include a sole monitoring operation, i.e., a terminal which displays or indicates the operating state of the multiplex communication system or element.
(2) Note. Testing for the purpose of synchronization in the multiplex communication via time channels is not classified i