This class includes structure motion picture cameras, which
record motion picture cameras, upon a single actuation a series
of individual photographs which are separated in time. Generally
the recording rate is related to the persistence of vision when
the photograph series is used to accurately portray an action. However,
special types of cameras are included which record the picture series
at rates differing greatly from the normal persistence of vision
time so as to produce a series of pictures of utility other than
the creation of a motion illusion or to create a motion illusion
with the rate of motion greatly exaggerated.
Included in this class are exhibitors which display motion
pictures and the motion picture carriers for use in the exhibitors.
The exhibitors may display the motion pictures by either affording
the viewer a direct view of the pictures with or without the aid
of optical magnifiers, or optically projecting a real image of the
pictures on a surface which is visible to the viewers. The exhibitors
display the individual pictures of the motion picture series sequentially
at such a rate that due to the persistence of vision of the viewer
an illusion of motion is created. The individual pictures of the
motion picture series may be carried on an opaque or transparent
base, which may be in the form of a strip, a disc, a drum or individual
plates.
Motion picture cameras and/or projectors with perfecting
structure are also included in this class. Examples of this perfecting
structure are, sound accompaniment, natural color structure, stereoscopic
structure, panoramic structure, special effect producing structure,
special optical structure permitting plural fields of view, removable
magazines, film rewinding structure, focusing structure, automatically
controlled diaphragms, plural lens selectors, film strip fire prevention
and isolation structure, loop formers, structure for framing and/or eliminating
travel ghosts, special housings, and special supports.
Plural arrangements of motion picture apparatus, and motion
picture apparatus which is combined with or convertible to other
devices are also provided for in this class. Examples of such apparatus
specifically provided for are sound accompanied motion picture apparatus with
selectively operable plural records, recorders, or reproducers;
motion picture apparatus combined with a manned vehicle; and motion
picture cameras which convert to motion picture projectors or still
cameras.
Subcombinations of motion picture apparats not otherwise provided
for, such as film gates and motion picture shutters, are included
here.
Included also are certain accessories related to motion picture
apparatus such as sound stages, prompting devices, attachments and
sets for the production of special effects, and film treating and
working apparatus.
Methods of recording and exhibiting motion pictures, methods
of using motion pictures for other than the creation of a motion
illusion for entertainment such as for the analysis of motion, and
methods of carrier treating and working are included here.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
Certain devices which are quasi-motion picture in nature are
not classified here. Certain picture exhibitors in which a portion
of the picture is made so as to move or to create an illusion of
motion but without the sequential presentation of individual pictures
are classified in Class 40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting especially
subclasses 427+. Cameras which convert an optical image
to an electrical analog for electrical storage (e.g., magnetic tape)
and exhibitors which operate from such an analog are classified
in Class 348, Television, subclasses 207+ and 739+.
MOTION PICTURE COMPONENTS AND SUBCOMBINATIONS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
Intermittent feed mechanism of the type used in motion picture
devices are classified in Class 226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate
Length, especially subclasses 52+, if they are of general
utility. Reeling and unreeling means of the type employed in motion
picture devices are classified in Class 242, Winding, Tensioning,
or Guiding, subclasses 324+ for a holder (e.g., spool,
cartridge) for a motion picture camera; see, too, 67.1+,
for winding machines and 68+, for holders and holder-supporters
of general utility, respectively.
Stands for motion picture projectors without specific cooperation
with the projector are classified in Class 248, Supports, subclass
637. For alarms responsive to breakage of motion picture film see
Class 340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 675.
Class 359, Optical: Systems and Elements, provides for lens
mounts in motion picture devices where the motion picture device
is only nominally set forth.
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS
In general there is not specific place for the methods and apparatus
of manufacturing motion picture apparatus other than the general
manufacturing steps for the component parts (e.g., Class 409, Gear
Cutting, Milling, or Planing, for the manufacture of gears used
in motion picture devices or Class 451, Abrading, subclasses 42+ for
the grinding of lens components used in motion picture devices).
However, the chemical developing and processing of motion picture
film is classified in Class 430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process,
Composition, or Product Thereof.
STILL PICTURE CAMERAS
Photos:graphic cameras which use light to record a single
picture for each actuation are classified in Class 396, Photography.
STILL PICTURE EXHIBITORS AND PROJECTORS
Devices for exhibiting single photographs are provided for
in Class 40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, if the picture is
viewed directly or with a simple magnifier. Class 353, Optics: Image
Projectors, has devices which project a real image on a viewing
surface where no positive recitation such as "a motion picture projector"
or structure definitive of a motion picture mechanism is set forth
in the claims.
RADIATION, IMAGERY FILM
Radiation imagery film is classified in Class 430, Radiation
Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, subclasses
496+.
Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,
subclasses 446+ for exhibitors which change the displayed picture
without motion illusion and subclasses 427+ for displays
with the illusion of motion (See MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS CLASSIFIED
ELSEWHERE above).
Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, for the apparatus and processes of advancing material,
including motion picture film, of indeterminate-length.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,
subclasses 324+ for unwinding and rewinding a machine convertible
information carrier; e.g., an image bearing carrier.
Electrophotography,
subclasses 9+ for diagnostics, subclasses 38+ for controls,
subclasses 130+ for image formation, subclasses 168+ for charging,
subclasses 177+ for exposure, subclasses 222+ for
development, subclasses 297+ for transfer, subclasses 320+ for
fixing, subclasses 343+ for cleaning, and subclasses 361+ for
document handling.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof, for the chemical aspects of radiation imagery, including
post imaging processing and chemically defined radiation imagery
compositions and elements.
SECTION IV - GLOSSARY
APERTURE PLATE
A portion of the gate which confines the recorded image to
a single frame in a motion picture camera gate or confines the projected
light beam to a single frame in a motion picture projector.
CAMERA, MOTION PICTURE
A device for photographically recording periodically
a series of images of an object upon a single actuation.
CARRIER, MOTION PICTURE
The vehicle for the individual pictures of a motion picture
series, generally a flexible strip.
DISSOLVE
The gradual diminishing of the intensity of an image until
it is no longer recognizable.
FRAME
The space or area on a motion picture carrier normally occupied
by one picture of a motion picture series.
GATE
A portion of a motion picture device which positions
the motion picture carrier in the plane of focus of the optical system
of the motion picture device.
LOOP
A slack portion of a motion picture film strip useful
to isolate tensionally derived speed variations.
MOTION PICTURE
A pictorial representation of objects which change position
with time comprising a plurality of pictures in which objects are
incrementally displaced in successive pictures corresponding to
a displacement in time, the plurality of pictures being displayed
sequentially at such a rate that they create, due to the persistence
of vision, an illusion of motion to the viewer.
MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS
Instruments and machines for use in recording or reproducing
motion pictures, and includes cameras, projectors, and carriers.
MOTION PICTURE SEQUENCE
A plurality of individual pictures presented at such
a rate as to produce a motion picture.
OPTICAL AXIS
The path taken by a central ray of a light beam as it passes
into the motion picture camera or from the motion picture.
PROJECTOR, MOTION PICTURE
A device which forms a real optical image of successive elements
of a motion picture sequence at such a rate that an illusion of
motion is produced due to the persistence of vision.
SHUTTER
An element of a motion picture device which interrupts the
light to provide the sequential recording or presentation of the
motion picture image.
TRANSDUCER
A device which converts one form of energy to another. The
term generally used in this class in the recording or reproducing
of sound accompaniment and denotes such devices as a magnetic pick
up or electro-mechanical phonograph pick up.
TRAVEL GHOST
A fault of a motion picture projection caused by presentation
of the individual picture in a motion picture sequence before the
picture has come to rest. In projector systems this superfluous
image is of a lesser light intensity.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including sound recording, carrying, or reproducing
structure and methods for recording or reproducing sounds, such
as music or speech, which bear a definite relationship to the motion
picture sequence.
Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclasses 3 and 80, for magnetic recorders or reproducers combined
with nominal motion picture apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which a group of sequentially arranged
pictures are presented at such a rate to give the visual illusion
of a motion sequence which reoccurs at regular intervals together with
the accompaniment of sound from a sound recording.
(1)
Note. This subject matter includes a series of picture recordings
on a phonograph record, which produce a motion illusion upon rotation
of the record in playing.
for motion picture devices which have the picture
sequence arranged on a drum which is rotated to produce a reoccurring
motion picture sequence without sound accompaniment.
for motion picture devices which have the picture
sequence arranged on a disc which is rotated to produce a reoccurring
motion picture sequence without sound accompaniment.
for motion picture devices which have the motion
picture sequence arranged on an endless film to produce a reoccurring
motion picture sequence without sound accompaniment.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including structure providing for performing
of action to be photographed with sound accompaniment including
scenery and other stage effects.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter including means to communicate with performers
being photographed without interrupting the sound motion picture photography.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes for recording or reproducing motion picture sequences
together with recording or reproducing sound bearing a particular
relationship to the motion picture sequence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter which includes a plurality of records, recorders
and/or reproducers and means to activate in response to
a signal or at the will of an operator, selected ones of these recorders
and reproducers or a record selection.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter in which the means to selectively actuate
different reproducers includes interrelated control means for the
plurality of reproducers, said control means being so related that
actuation of the selected reproducers will deactivate (inactivate)
nonselected reproducers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter in which means are provided to operatively
associate a plurality of picture or sound records with a reproducer
to establish a reproducing relationship between a selected record
and the reproducer.
for motion picture projectors which reproduce without
sound accompaniment a motion picture film strip selected from a
plurality of such motion picture strips.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter including a plurality of sound recorders
or reproducers used in cooperation with a single picture recorder
or reproducer and wherein the selective actuating means actuates one
of the sound recorders or reproducers in conjunction with the deactivation
of another of the sound recorders or reproducers such that a continuous
sound record is either recorded or reproduced to accompany the motion
picture.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter which comprises means to selectively activate
one of a plurality of sound transducers or picture recording or
reproducing elements of a picture and sound recorder or reproducer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including a plurality of sound transducers
which are positioned in a particular relation to the recorded scene
or the reproduced picture and wherein a sound record for each transducer
is recorded or reproduced corresponding to the sounds from that
position in the original scene.
(1)
Note. This subclass provides for motion picture with stereo
sound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including means to maintain a timed relationship
between the sound and picture recording or reproducing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter in which the timing means includes a manually
manipulatable control, controlling the relationship between the
picture and the sound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter in which dimensions of a loop in either the
picture carrier or sound carrier are employed to control speed regulation
means to maintain the desired time relationship between picture
and sound carriers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter in which the sound recorder or reproducer
controls the picture recorder or reproducer to maintain the proper
time relationship between the picture and sound either by means
of direct coupling or by employing a control signal originating
in sound recorder or reproducer means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter which comprises a control means actuated
by the sound record to produce a signal which controls the time
rate of operation of the picture.
(1)
Note. The subject matter in this generic subclass includes,
for example, systems which the control is by a physical configuration
of the sound record such as notches or speed change of the sound record
as opposed to control by a recorded signal as in the indented subclass
17.
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter in which the control is effected by a signal
or signal generating element carried by the sound record.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter in which the control is effected by the position
of a normally moving sound transducer in a separate sound recorder
or reproducer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter in which the picture recorder or reproducer
controls the sound recorder or reproducer to maintain the proper
time relationship between the picture and sound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Subject matter in which the sound recorder or reproducer
is controlled from a signal or signal generating element carried
by the picture record.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter in which the desired time relationship between
the operation of the picture recorder or reproducer and the sound
reproducer is obtained by regulation of the speed of operation of
the units independently of each other.
(1)
Note. This subclass may include common or separate picture
and sound carriers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter in which provisions are made for starting
the picture recorder or reproducer and the sound recorder or reproducer
in a predetermined timed relationship.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter in which there is provision for indicating
the time relationship between the sound and picture recording or
reproducing means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter in which the indication is by means of signals
or marks on the sound and picture record carriers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including control means for initiating, controlling
or terminating the operation of picture and sound recorders or reproducers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter in which a single illumination source is
employed to reproduce both the picture and sound records.
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter in which the picture gate and sound transducer
are spaced along the strip whereby the strip passes through a picture recording
or reproducing station and a sound transducer station at separate
times.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter in which the picture carrier is a flexible
strip and the sound carrier is a disc or cylinder with the recorded
sound being recorded in grooves in the disc or cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter having an interconnecting drive between the
picture recorder or reproducer and the sound recorded or reproducer
constructed so as to permit the two units to be relatively adjustable.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including structure which supports and/or
substantially encloses sound motion picture apparatus and cooperates
with significant portions of this apparatus.
(1)
Note. See the search notes below for housings and supports
classified elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which mechanical means are provided to
prevent the apparatus from recording or reproducing any undesired
sound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which a particular special relationship
exists between the picture and sound reproducer and a viewing screen.
for a system with a plurality of sound transducers
located at predetermined positions with respect to the screen to allocate
the sound to a particular portion of the reproduced motion picture.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Record carriers particularly adapted by reason of construction
or specific arrangement of individual records for recording or reproducing pictures
and related sound.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including process steps for use in the production
or application of motion pictures.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof,
subclass 162 for chemically defined radiation imagery product having
a sound record.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter including steps which utilize a motion picture
sequence for purposes other than the creation of an illusion of
motion such as for example the use of motion pictures to synchronize
an orchestra with a second motion picture or as a motion analysis
instrument.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter including steps of reproducing the recorded
motion picture sequence to recreate the illusion of motion.
(1)
Note. Methods reciting both recording and exhibiting of motion
picture sequences are classified herein and in the indented subclasses
and are crossed into subclass 44 below if the recording steps are
more than nominally recited.
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter including steps to regulate or otherwise
control the illumination of the motion picture illumination system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein the regulation and control steps
comprise a color filtration of the projector light source.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter including the steps of recording, usually
on a photosensitive surface the plurality of images comprising a
motion picture sequence.
(1)
Note. For those processes which recite both the steps of recording
and reproducing of a motion picture sequence see subclasses 40+ above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter including the filtering of the image bearing
light before reaching the photo sensitive recording surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter including exposing a single motion picture
carrier a plurality of times for each frame of the motion picture
sequence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter including recording a projected image with
the subject such that each scene of the motion picture sequence
contains the recorded projected image as well as the image of the
subject.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter including steps affecting the subject or
recorded image to produce a motion picture sequence which does not
correspond in all details to the actual action sequence being recorded
or reproduced.
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter including the step of illuminating the subject
being photographed in a controlled manner to produce a desired motion picture
effect.
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter in which a series of drawings illustrating
an object in different altitudes of motion are photographed to provide
an illusion of a motion sequence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter in which a drawing is moved or manipulated
to provide for more than a single representation of an attitude
of motion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter in which a puppet is moved to simulate various
attitudes of movement of an animated object or person, each position
or attitude of movement being recorded as an element of movement
of a motion picture sequence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter including processes for treating the recorded
picture or for performing nonphotos:graphic work or the carrier
such that the carrier is altered.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the picture sequence includes pairs
of individual picture elements having separate perspectives corresponding
to the perspective offered by the right and left eyes of the viewer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter in which the right eye perspective image
and the left eye perspective image are recorded upon and reproduced
from a common picture frame.
(1)
Note. The systems classified herein employ images which are
broken into small incremental areas and coextensively fill the same
frame area. Systems which record the complete images in smaller
frames so that they are placed in a standard frame are classified
according to other features of the system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter in which the right eye perspective is recorded
on or reproduced from a film strip different from the associated
left eye perspective.
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