Music,
subclasses 671 through 722for electric oscillator tone generation systems
combined with, or restricted to use with, means to convert the generated
tone waves into musical sounds. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus
or Systems.)
Internal-Combustion Engines,
subclass 148 for significant internal combustion engine structure
combined with high tension ignition system, which system may utilize
an electric oscillator. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus
or Systems.)
Telegraphy, appropriate subclasses, for telegraph apparatus and systems
that may employ electrical oscillators; see particularly
subclass 43 for space induction systems, subclasses 66.1+ for
alternating, sine or similar wave current telegraph systems. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus
or Systems.)
Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,
subclasses 19.01+ for the structure of circuit makers and breakers
designed to be periodically closed and opened; subclass 136.3 for
time-controlled or continuously driven thermal switch. (Electrical
Oscillators or Wave Generators or Producers.)
Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for
producing chemical changes through the agency of electrical wave
energy; see particularly
subclasses 155+ , 157.15+ and 164+ for the processes,
and subclasses 193+ for the corresponding apparatus which
may utilize electrical wave energy generators or oscillators. (Oscillator
Combined With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Electric Heating, appropriate subclasses, for electrical heating systems
or apparatus that may employ electrical oscillators as elements thereof;
subclasses 600+ for inductive heating, subclasses 678+ for
microwave heating, and subclasses 764+ for capacitive dielectric
heating, (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Railway Switches and Signals, appropriate subclasses, for railway switching and signaling systems;
see particularly
subclasses 7+ for train dispatching telegraphy and telephony
systems, and subclass 30 for Hertzian wave controlled automatic
block signal systems, which systems may employ electrical oscillators.
(Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, appropriate subclasses, for prime mover driven dynamo
systems, wherein the prime mover is other than an electric motor
and wherein the dynamo may be an alternating current generator.
(Electrical Oscillators or Wave Generators or Producers Classified
Elsewhere, above.)
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 106+ for class appropriate waveform or wave shape determinative
or pulse producing systems (usually of the delay line type) to produce
periodic pulses of predetermined wave shape in the output of the
network; subclass 132 provides for free-running electromagnetic
circuit maker and breaker-type pulse producers. (Electrical Oscillators
or Wave Generators or Producers.)
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate subclasses, for the structure of alternating
current generators for converting mechanical energy into electrical
energy;
subclasses 300+ provides for nondynamoelectric generators (or motors)
while subclasses 10+ provides for dynamoelectric machines,
subclasses 40+ provides for rotary machines, indented subclass
159 provides for alternating current generators and indented subclasses 169+,
in particular, provides for high frequency inductor generators of
the variable reluctance type (e.g., Alexanderson alternator). (Electrical
Oscillators or Wave Generators or Producers).
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, appropriate subclasses, for oscillator systems similar
to those classified in this class (331), but wherein no means for
deriving a useful output from the system is claimed. See particularly
subclasses 3+ for cathode-ray tube circuits including a cathode-ray
tube combined with circuit element structure, indented subclasses
3.5+ provides for traveling wave tubes, and indented subclasses
4+ provides for cathode ray tubes including distributed
parameter resonant devices (e.g., cavity resonators); subclasses
39+ provides for discharge devices in general with distributed
parameter elements (e.g., wave guides, coaxial lines, which devices usually
are resonators); subclasses 227+ provides for gaseous space
discharge device systems with capacitor in the supply circuit, many of
these systems being self-sustaining oscillators. (Electrical Oscillators
or Wave Generators or Producers).
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, appropriate subclasses, provides for systems for supplying
electrical energy to cathode-ray tubes, electric lamp, diode or
gaseous space discharge devices, which systems may be self-oscillatory
or wherein the source of supply for the devices may be an electrical oscillator;
in particular,
subclasses 364+ provides for cathode-ray tube deflecting systems which
may utilize an electrical oscillator as a sweep or deflection source,
subclass 97 provides for pulsating or A.C. supply for the cathode
or heater of plural load device systems and subclass 105 provides
for pulsating or A.C. supply for the cathode or heater of a single
load device, subclasses 137+ provides for polyphase A.C.
supply, subclasses 160+ provides for plural power supplies
which may be pulsating or A.C., and subclasses 246+ provides
for pulsating or A.C. supply systems in general.
Electricity: Motive Power Systems,
subclass 130 for reciprocating motor systems wherein the energizing
winding circuit of the motor is supplied by an electrical oscillator,
and subclass 341 for electric motor control systems wherein the
motor armature or primary circuit is supplied by an adjustable frequency
or impulse generator or oscillator to control or vary the motor
speed. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus Or Systems.)
Electricity: Single Generator Systems, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus for converting nonelectric
energy directly into electrical energy, which may be alternating
current. Except for
subclass 2 , which provides for nonmagnetic type generator
systems (e.g., thermoelectric, photoelectric, piezoelectric, electrostatic
generators, etc.), and subclass 3, which provides for reciprocating
or oscillating type generators, the remaining subclasses comprise
mainly patents directed to rotating dynamoelectric machine generator
systems. (Electrical Oscillators or Wave Generators or Producers
Classified Elsewhere, above.)
Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses, for electrical measuring and testing
systems and apparatus which may employ electrical oscillators.
For example,
subclasses 307+ provides for nuclear induction testing systems
utilizing adjustable frequency oscillators to determine nuclear
resonance characteristics of material under test. Also, electrical
oscillators may be employed in the following testing and measuring
subclasses of Class 324; subclass 56 for piezoelectric crystal testing,
subclasses 57+ for impedance and admittance measuring systems,
subclasses 76.41+ for heterodyne type frequency measuring
systems, subclass 85 for phase comparison systems utilizing frequency
conversion, and subclass 118 for electricity measuring systems utilizing
modulator-demodulator means. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus Or
Systems.)
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems,
subclasses 291+ for miscellaneous clock or pulse waveform generation
which is not free running. (Electrical Oscillators or Wave Generators
or Producers Classified Elsewhere, above.)
Demodulators,
subclasses 302 , 306+, 323+, 346, and 358+ for
diverse types of demodulator with oscillators. (Oscillator Combined
With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Amplifiers,
subclass 10 for linear active element amplifiers of the modulator-demodulator type
utilizing an oscillator. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus
or Systems.)
Modulators, appropriate subclasses, for electrical oscillators
provided with means for varying some characteristic of the generated
wave (e.g., amplitude, frequency or phase of a sine wave or pulse
repetition rate, position, amplitude, width or slope of a repetitious
pulse) in accordance with an intelligence which continually varies
in an arbitrary manner. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus
or Systems.)
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclass 19 for electric wave differentiating or integrating
systems of the passive type; subclass 20 for passive type electric
wave shaping networks, and subclasses 219+ for resonators, per
se, of the distributed parameter type. (Electrical Oscillators
or Wave Generators or Producers Classified Elsewhere, above.)
Tuners, appropriate subclasses for tuned networks for use
in wave energy apparatus and comprising inductance and capacitance
elements in circuit arrangement to form a resonant circuit and in
which structure is provided for adjusting one or both of these elements
for changing the mean resonant frequency of the circuit.
Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets,
subclasses 87+ for the structure of electromagnetically operated
switches of the periodic type. (Electrical Oscillators or Wave
Generators or Producers Classified Elsewhere, above.)
Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses, for electric signaling systems
that may employ electrical oscillators; for example,
subclasses 203+ provides for oscillators of the pulse modulated
or modulating type in a telemetering system; similarly, subclasses
207+ provides for phase or frequency modulated oscillators,
subclass 209 provides for amplitude modulated oscillators in a telemetering system,
and subclasses 345+ provides for code transmitters which
may employ oscillators; and subclasses 825.69 and 825.72 for a control
signal used for control purposes. (Oscillator Combined With Other
Apparatus or Systems.)
Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, appropriate subclasses, for electrical apparatus or systems
directed to the generation, control and radiation or reception of
wave energy propagated through free space, which apparatus or systems
may employ electrical oscillators; for example,
subclasses 5+ provides for reflected or returned wave systems
(object detection, radar), subclasses 100+ provides for directive
systems. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Television,
subclasses 536+ and 735 for television systems that may include
electrical oscillators. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus
or Systems.)
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclass 203 , for relay systems using an electrical oscillator
(Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus Or Systems.)
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 268+ for the structure of so-called spark, induction
or ignition coils having integral vibratory circuit interrupters,
usually in the primary winding circuit and indented subclasses 270+ wherein
a capacitor is included. (Electrical Oscillators or Wave Generators
or Producers.)
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, appropriate subclasses for systems or apparatus that may
employ electrical oscillators; particularly,
subclass 203 which provides for the combination of an oscillator
and electromagnet load and electrical oscillator controlled relay systems.
(Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus Or Systems.)
Electric Power Conversion Systems, appropriate subclasses for wave generating or producing
systems analogous to those classified in Class 331. Some of the
systems for converting direct current to alternating current (e.g.,
derectifiers, inverters) in Class 363 are indistinguishable from
the oscillators in Class 331. The distinction appears to be one
of degree, that is, the inverters classified in Class 363 usually
are designed to convert direct current power to alternating current
power at commercial power frequency (e.g., 25, 50, or 60 cycles per
second). See
subclasses 1+ for combined conversion systems, subclasses 9+ for
phase and frequency conversion, and subclasses 15+ and
34+ for plural current conversion systems (e.g., D.C.-A.C.-D.C.,
and A.C.-D.C.-A.C.); subclasses 13+ for current conversion
systems (rectification, derectification), subclasses 102+ for
dynamoelectric machine converters, subclasses 111+ for
electronic tube converters, subclasses 123+ for semiconductor-type
converters, subclass 140 for impedance-type converters, subclasses
106+ for circuit interrupter-type converters, and subclasses
157+ for frequency converting systems wherein input alternating
current of one frequency is converted into output alternating current
without intermediate conversion to direct current. (Electrical Oscillators
or Wave Generators or Producers Classified Elsewhere).
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 1+ for cascaded or combined diverse conversion, subclasses
13+ for current conversion systems, subclasses 148+ for
phase conversion, and subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion
systems. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, appropriate subclasses, for electric furnaces that may employ
an oscillator for supplying or controlling the electric current
for the furnaces, see particularly
subclasses 138+ for induction furnaces that may utilize an oscillator
to supply the furnace charge melting inductor. (Oscillator Combined
With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Telecommunications,
subclasses 91+ for transmitters using electrical oscillators;
subclasses 130+ for receivers using electrical oscillators; subclasses
145+ for local oscillators in panoramic receivers; subclass
196 for local oscillator tuning in radio receivers; subclasses 208+ for
local oscillator control in frequency modulation receivers; subclasses
255+ for local oscillator control in radio receiver automatic frequency
control; and subclasses 313+ for local oscillators insuperhetrodyne
receivers. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process,
subclasses 150+ for high temperature (Tc
30 K) superconducting devices; and particularly subclass 204 for
oscillators or subclass 180 for masers made with high temperature
superconducting material. (Electrical Oscillators or Wave Generators
or Producers Classified Elsewhere, above.)
Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process,
subclasses 150+ for high temperature (Tc
30 K) superconducting systems that may contain oscillators; particularly
subclass 204 for oscillators, or subclass 180 for masers made with
high temperature superconducting material. (Oscillator Combined
With Other Apparatus or Systems.)
Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application,
subclasses 72+ for oscillator systems combined with or forming
a part of a therapeutic device. (Oscillator Combined With Other Apparatus
or Systems.)
SECTION IV - GLOSSARY
ACTIVE ELEMENT
A control device for exerting a control on a source of energy
proportional to an applied control signal. A conventional triode,
having cathode, control grid on anode, connected as a conventional
amplifier, is an example of an active network, a control potential
applied to the grid causing a flow of anode current, supplied by
the anode biasing source, proportional to the magnitude of the control
potential.
AMPLITUDE STABILIZATION
The correction for, prevention of, or compensation for an
undesired change in amplitude of the generated waves of the oscillator
from a desired value.
AUTOMATIC FREQUENCY STABILIZATION
The restoration of the generated frequency of the oscillator
to a desired value by sensing the deviation in frequency, in direction
and amount, from the desired value and instituting a corrective
action proportional to sensed deviation to adjust the frequency
determining element of the oscillator in such direction and amount
so as to return the oscillator frequency to the desired value.
BEAM TUBE
An active element comprising a source of charged particles,
means for concentrating the particles into a directed beam, means
for exerting a control on the beam (e.g., beam accelerating electrode,
control grid, deflecting means, slow wave structure, buncher type
resonator, reflector electrode, etc.) and means for deriving output energy
from the controlled beam.
BEAT FREQUENCY
The resulting difference (or sum) frequency wave, among
other waves, produced when two waves of different frequencies are
combined in a nonlinear device.
DISTRIBUTED PARAMETER RESONATOR
A resonator of the distributed network type, the capacitance,
inductance and resistance of which cannot be isolated into separate
lumped capacitors, inductors or resistors and wherein the time factor
of propagation of wave energy in the network is appreciable.
ELECTRICAL NOISE OR RANDOM WAVE GENERATOR
A wave generator system wherein the frequency determining
element consists of a material medium including electrically charged,
chargeable or ionizable particles, the application of electrical
energy to the medium by the driving means causing random translatory
motion of the charged or ionizable particles resulting in the generation of
an infinite number of waves of different frequencies which are fortuitously
related, having no definite phase relationship, period, amplitude
or shape.
ELECTROMECHANICAL RESONATOR
A resonator comprising an electrically driven material body
wherein the mass and compliance parameters of the body determine
the mechanical period of vibration of the body and wherein the driving
electrical circuit for the body exhibits electrical resonance characteristics which
are determined by the mechanical period of vibration of the body.
FREE RUNNING OSCILLATOR
An oscillator wherein the driving system continuously supplies
the losses of the frequency determining means so as to produce sustained
oscillations.
FREQUENCY ADJUSTING MEANS
Means for setting or controlling the generated frequency of
the oscillator by varying a frequency determining element of the
oscillator.
FREQUENCY DETERMINING ELEMENT
A passive network or device of the resonant or time constant
type, which network or device forms the element of the oscillator
which sets or determines the frequency or periodicity of the generated
oscillations.
FREQUENCY STABILIZATION
The correction for, prevention of, or compensation for an
undesired drift or change in the frequency of the generated waves
of the oscillator from a desired value.
GASEOUS SPACE DISCHARGE DEVICE
A space discharge device having at least two electrodes in
a gaseous or vapor medium, conduction between the electrodes taking
place by ionization of the medium.
HARMONIC OR SINE WAVE OSCILLATOR
A free running oscillator for generating sinusoidal or nearly
sinusoidal waves. They usually utilize a resonator of the lumped
LC or the distributed parameter type as the frequency determining
element.
HETERODYNE FREQUENCY
Beat frequency (which see).
KLYSTRON
A beam tube including at least two apertured cavity resonators,
the beam of charged particles passing through the apertures of the
resonators in succession, and a collector electrode being provided
to intercept the beam after passing through the resonators. The
first resonator causes bunching of the particles passing therethrough, the
bunched particles then travel in a field-free region where further
bunching occurs and then the bunched particles enter the second
resonator giving up their energy to excite it into oscillations.
LC RESONATOR
A resonant circuit comprising separate inductance and capacitance
elements, i.e., lumped inductor and capacitor elements.
MAGNETICALLY CONTROLLED SPACE DISCHARGE DEVICE
An active element comprising means for producing a space
discharge of charged particles and having further means for subjecting
the space discharge to the direct control of a magnetic field and
an electric field.
MAGNETRON
A magnetically controlled space discharge device comprising
a linear cathode, an anode, usually cylindrical, coaxial therewith,
the magnetic field being parallel to longitudinal axis of the cathode,
while the electric field is transverse thereto.
MOLECULAR OR PARTICLE RESONANT OSCILLATOR
An oscillator wherein the frequency determining element
consists of a material medium comprising particles, molecules or
atoms, the application of electrical energy by the driving means
to the medium setting the particles, molecules or atoms into a state
of vibration or oscillation, the vibration or oscillation being
that of the particle, molecule or atom itself and not the vibration
or oscillation caused by the translational motion of the particle,
molecule or atom as a whole.
MOLECULAR RESONATOR
A resonator comprising a material medium and wherein the
vibration or oscillation of the molecules of the medium determines
the resonant frequency of the resonator. The vibration or oscillation
is of the molecule itself and not that due to the translational
motion of the molecule as a whole. See, also, above, the definition
of a molecular or particle resonant oscillator.
NEGATIVE RESISTANCE OR NEGATIVE TRANSCONDUCTANCE DEVICE
An active element of the two terminal type having a volt-ampere
characteristic with negative slope over the range of voltages or
currents wherein it is operative, that is, an increase in voltage
results in a decrease in current, or vice versa.
OSCILLATOR
A system for initiating and maintaining oscillations whose
frequency or period is fixed or determined by the physical parameters
of the system. The fundamental elements required by an oscillator
system are: (1) a frequency or period determining element, such
as a resonator or timing means, (2) a driving system for the frequency
or period determining element, and (3) means for deriving a useful
output from the oscillator system. This class is restricted to
oscillators for generating electrical oscillations or waves and
specifically excludes alternating current generators of the mechanically driven
dynamo-electric machine type.
RC OR RL FREQUENCY DETERMINING NETWORK
A network of the nonresonant type comprising either resistive
and capacitive or resistive and inductive components. The network,
by way of example, may be employed: (1) as a frequency determining
phase shift network in a sine wave oscillator of the phase shift
type, (2) as a frequency determining bridge network in sine wave
bridge oscillators, such as the Wien bridge type of the double-T
type or (3) as a time constant network in a relaxation oscillator
to determine the period of the generated relaxation oscillations.
REFLEX KLYSTRON
A klystron utilizing only a single apertured cavity resonator
through which the beam of charged particles passes in one direction,
a repeller electrode being provided to repel or redirect the beam
after passage through the resonator back through the resonator in
the other direction and in proper phase to reinforce the oscillations
set up in the resonator.
RELAXATION OSCILLATOR
A free running oscillator for generating decidedly non sinusoidal
waves. They usually utilize a time constant network of the RC or
RL type as the frequency determining element.
RESONATOR OR RESONANT CIRCUIT
A frequency determining means comprised of substantially
pure reactances of opposite signs (i.e., mass and compliance in
a mechanical resonator or inductive and capacitive reactance in
an electrical resonator) wherein the phenomenon of resonance (i.e.,
when the positive and negative reactances are equal) is relied upon
to determine the frequency of the generated waves.
RETARDING FIELD TUBE
A tube having at least three electrodes, i.e., a source
of electrons (cathode), control electrode (grid) and anode or plate
electrode, the control electrode being biased positively with respect
to the other electrodes. The electrode bias potentials are so chosen
that the electrons attracted from the cathode by the positive grid
pass through the grid and are slowed down by the repelling effect
of the less positive (or negative) anode field and are returned
back to or through the grid. This phenomenon is repeated again
and again so that a cloud of electrons are caused to sweep back
and forth through the grip, giving up energy to the grid at a frequency
which is a function of the transit time of the cloud of electrons. The
Barkhausen Kurz, Gill-Morrell and the reflex klystron are examples
of oscillators utilizing a retarding field tube.
SEMICONDUCTOR ACTIVE ELEMENT
A solid state active element comprised of a solid material
having a conductivity intermediate that of a good insulator and
a good conductor.
SHOCK EXCITED RESONATOR OSCILLATOR
An oscillator of the nonself-sustaining type wherein
the driving system applies an electrical impulse to the frequency
determining element (i.e., resonator), which element is then permitted
to oscillate freely at its natural frequency.
SOLID STATE ACTIVE ELEMENT
A two-terminal or fourterminal active element of electrically
conductive, semi-conductive, ferromagnetic or ferroelectric material
in the solid state. Examples are: The Hall effect plate, semi-conductor
(transistor), magnetic type and dielectric type amplifiers or negative resistance
devices.
SPACE DISCHARGE DEVICE
A device comprising at least two spaced electrodes and wherein
conduction by charged particles, e.g., electrons, or ions, takes
place between the electrodes.
STABILIZATION
The maintenance of a desired condition or state of the oscillator
which condition or state may be subject to change.
TRANSISTOR
A semi-conductive active element having at least three electrodes
so arranged that the application of electrical energy to one electrode
controls the flow of current between two other electrodes.
TRANSIT TIME OSCILLATOR
An oscillator system wherein the time of flight or transit angle
of charged particles between electrodes of a space discharge device
is an appreciable part of the cycle of the generated oscillations,
the energy derived from the moving particles being continuously
supplied to the frequency determining network of the oscillator
in proper phase to sustain oscillations. Transit time effects are utilized
in magnetron, beam tube and retarding field type oscillators.
TUBE
An active element of the space discharge device type.
See: active element; space discharge device.
AUTOMATIC FREQUENCY STABILIZATION USING A PHASE OR FREQUENCY SENSING
MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator has means to adjust
its generated frequency and is also provided with a control circuit
or loop for controlling the oscillator frequency adjusting means
in response to deviation of the generated frequency of the oscillator
from a desired frequency or range of frequencies in such direction
and amount as to restore the oscillator frequency to the desired
frequency or range of frequencies. The control circuit or loop includes:
(1) discriminator means for sensing the deviation of the generated
frequency of the oscillator in direction and amount and for producing
control energy proportional to such deviation, and (2) means responsive
to the control energy and coupled to frequency adjusting means of
the oscillator to vary the frequency adjusting means in such direction
and amount as to restore the generated frequency of the oscillator
to the desired frequency or range of frequencies.
(1)
Note. The automatic frequency stabilizing systems defined
above are to be distinguished from the frequency stabilizing systems
classified lower in the schedule (see the search notes below) by
the fact that the A.F.S. systems rely on sensing a drift in frequency
of the generated oscillations and asserting a corrective control
to adjust a frequency determining element of the oscillator in the
proper sense to bring it back on frequency, whereas the frequency
stabilizing systems classified elsewhere do not sense a drift of
frequency and retune the oscillator as a function of such drift,
but rely on adding means to the oscillator system to correct or
compensate, or to prevent, changes in oscillator circuit parameters
that tend to cause an undesired change in oscillator frequency.
Such means may, for example, compensate for the affects of changes
in humidity, temperature, current load impedance, tube impedance,
electrode bias potential, etc.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclass 32 for dynamoelectric generator systems with frequency responsive
devices or networks for automatically maintaining the frequency
of the generated wave constant.
Modulators,
subclasses 123+ for average condition control in frequency modulator
distortion prevention and subclasses 155+ and 159+ for
average condition control in an amplitude modulator.
Tuners,
subclass 13 for a tuner having a saturable core element combined with
means to automatically center the frequency of the circuit; subclass 16
for a tuner having a reactance tuning means combined with automatic frequency
centering means, and subclasses 26+ for tuners having an
electromagnetic operator combined with automatic frequency centering
means.
Television,
subclasses 536+ for synchronizing systems which may utilize oscillators
of the automatic frequency stabilized type and subclass 735 for television
tuners which may utilize oscillators of the automatic frequency stabilized
type.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 91+ for radio transmitters using oscillators of the
automatic frequency stabilized type; and subclasses 130+ for
receivers using oscillators of the automatic frequency stabilized
type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the generated frequency of two or
more oscillators is automatically stabilized. The oscillators may
have A.F.S. loops individual to each oscillator or a single A.F.S.
loop may control two or more oscillators, or any combination of
A.F.S. loops may be employed, provided the generated frequency of
two or more oscillators is automatically stabilized.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the frequency discriminator or sensing
means is of the molecular or atomic resonance type, comprising a
medium, which may be solid, liquid or gaseous, the frequency selective
properties of which are due to the vibration or oscillation of the
individual molecule or atom itself and are not due to the translational
motion of the molecule or atom as a whole.
for A.F.S. systems utilizing a signal or phase comparing
type discriminator having at least two inputs for the signals (of
the controlled oscillator and reference source) to be compared.
for electrical noise or random wave generators wherein
the translatory motions of charged or excited particles or molecules
are utilized to generate oscillations.
for oscillators of the molecular or particle resonant
type (e.g., maser) wherein a molecular or particle resonant solid,
liquid or gas comprises the active element of the oscillator.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 251 for devices for producing and propagating a unidirectional
stream of neutral molecules or atoms through a vacuum, usually at
thermal velocity and including means to excite the molecules or
atoms at a resonant frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein means are provided, in addition to
the A.F.S. loop, for varying the oscillator frequency through a
range of frequencies. The systems classified herein are chiefly
directed to means for restoring A.F.S. control wherein such control
is lost due to the fact that the oscillator frequency for some reason,
such as during "warm-up" or some other disturbance,
lies outside the "capture" range of the frequency
discriminator, the sweep range of frequencies includes the "capture" range
of the discriminator and serves to bring the oscillator frequency
within the "capture" range and thereby render
the A.F.S. effective.
for oscillators wherein low frequency modulation
of the generated oscillations is utilized for A.F.S., signals representative
of the frequency modulated oscillations being compared with signals
of the modulating source.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the oscillator provided with A.F.S.
is of the magnetic and electric field controlled space discharge
device type.
for magnetron type oscillators in general, particularly
subclass 88, for such oscillators provided with frequency stabilization
means of the nonautomatic type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the oscillator provided with A.F.S.
is of the beam tube type utilizing hollow resonator electron bunching
or electron bunching and catching means for determining the generated
frequency of the oscillator. Such oscillators are generally designated
as klystron oscillators.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter wherein the oscillator is provided with two
or more oscillator frequency controls as part of the A.F.S. system.
For example, the A.F.S. system for a reflex klystron oscillator
may (1) control a motor to tune the cavity for coarse tuning and
at the same time (2) supply a bias voltage to the reflector electrode
for fine tuning of the oscillator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the A.F.S. circuit of the oscillator
includes semiconductor means, such as transistors.
for oscillators wherein the active element is of
the solid state type and indented subclasses 108+ wherein
the active element is of the transistor type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the A.F.S. control circuit of the
oscillator is provided with a frequency sensing means of the distributed parameter
type (e.g., cavity resonator).
for A.F.S. systems wherein the discriminator is
of the signal or phase comparing type having at least two inputs
for the signals (of the controlled oscillator and reference source)
to be compared.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein oscillator is provided with two or
more A.F.S. means, each having a different effect in tuning the
oscillator. For example, one A.F.S. means may provide a coarse
tuning control and another A.F.S. means may effect a fine tuning
control of the oscillator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter wherein the oscillator system is provided
with two or more comparators or discriminators, each of which may
be associated with a separate A.F.S. control. By way of examples
(1) one discriminator may have a broad band frequency response characteristic and
another discriminator may have a narrow band frequency response
characteristic or (2) one discriminator may be of the frequency
sensitive type, while another discriminator may be of the phase
sensitive type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter wherein at least two comparators are so arranged
that the outputs of the controlled oscillator and a reference oscillator
are directly compared in one comparator and the output of the controlled
oscillator is phase-shifted and then compared with the reference oscillator
in a second comparator, the outputs of the comparators then being
combined in a control circuit to effect tuning of the controlled oscillator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter wherein at least one of the A.F.S. controls
includes an electric motor for electromechanically adjusting a tuning
reactance of the oscillator. Usually the motor control is utilized
for coarse tuning while another A.F.S. control of the electronic
type (e.g., including a reactance tube) is utilized for fine tuning
of the oscillator.
for oscillators wherein low frequency modulation
of the generated oscillations is utilized for A.F.S. and wherein
the signal comparator is of the electric motor type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein means are provided to open and close
the A.F.S. loop of the oscillator periodically. By way of example,
a periodically actuated switch may connect the input of the comparator
in the A.F.S. loop of an oscillator alternately to the oscillator
output and the reference oscillator output.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the A.F.S. loop circuit of the oscillator
is provided with means to limit the amplitude, or to maintain the
amplitude constant, or to correct or otherwise compensate for undesired
changes in amplitude of a control signal in the loop circuit, or
to disable the A.F.S. loop if the amplitude of the control signal
(e.g., reference oscillator signal) is below a predetermined level
(e.g., the level wherein noise signals may adversely affect the
oscillator A.F.S. and thereby cause the generated frequency to be
shifted outside its proper range).
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the A.F.S. controlled oscillator
includes means for setting the frequency of the generated oscillations
to any selected frequency within a predetermined frequency range,
means being provided to interrupt or otherwise deactivate the A.F.S.
control loop of the controlled oscillator while changing the generated
frequency from one value to another so as to prevent the A.F.S.
loop from tending to hold the oscillator frequency to its previously
set value, that is, the A.F.S. tends to drag.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the A.F.S. loop of the oscillator
is provided with means to modify or control the error voltage so
as to compensate or correct for undesired changes in the error voltage
brought about by some deficiency in the oscillator system, such
as a drift in reference frequency, hunting due to instability around
the A.F.S. loop, undesired shift in phase of side band frequencies,
and so forth.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the A.F.S. circuit of the controlled
oscillator includes a source of constant frequency, which source
serves as a frequency standard, means being provided for comparing
the frequency of the oscillations generated by the controlled oscillator
with the standard frequency, the frequency comparison means producing
an electrical control or error signal which is a measure of the
deviation, in direction and amount, of the controlled oscillator
frequency from the standard frequency, the control or error signal
being applied to the frequency adjustment means of the controlled oscillator
in such a manner as to reduce the frequency difference between the
generated oscillations of the controlled oscillator and the oscillations
of the constant frequency source to a minimum.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the reference source is a spectrum
generator producing a plurality of waves of different frequencies,
which waves are simultaneously fed to the comparator or discriminator
of the A.F.S. circuit of the controlled oscillator means being provided wherein
the generated waves of the controlled oscillator may be selectively
locked-in to the desired frequency of the spectrum.
(1)
Note. This subclass does not include those systems wherein
a filter or harmonic selecting network is provided for selecting
a single frequency from the range of frequencies of the spectrum source,
the selected frequency being fed to the comparator. Such systems
are elsewhere in subclasses 1+, depending on the type of
oscillator or type of A.F.S. control.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the oscillator system is of the type
peculiarly adapted for use in television systems (e.g., vertical
or horizontal sweep generators), the reference source comprising synchronizing
pulses (usually of short duration) which pulses are compared with
signals representative of the generated waves of the controlled
oscillator in a phase comparison means, the resulting control or
error signal from the comparison means being utilized to adjust
the frequency of the controlled oscillator to restore it to the
desired relationship with reference frequency.
for relaxation oscillators in general, especially
indented subclass 145, for multivibrators with synchronizing, triggering
or pulsing circuit, indented subclass 149, for blocking oscillators with
synchronizing, triggering or pulsing circuit and indented subclass 153,
for relaxation oscillators in general with synchronizing, triggering
or pulsing circuit.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 1+ for cathode-ray tube circuits, especially indented
subclasses 378, 379+ and 391+ for cathode ray
sweep circuits which may utilize sweep generators with A.F.S. control
combined with significant cathode ray control means or cathode-ray
tube structure, e.g., deflecting plates, deflecting coils, etc.
Television,
subclasses 536+ for automatic frequency stabilizing systems as an
element of a more comprehensive system, e.g., controlled oscillator combined
with sync separator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter wherein means are provided to stabilize or
lock the controlled oscillator to the low frequency (e.g., 50, 60
C.P.S.) power current derived from a commercial alternating current
supply line.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein two or more frequency beating or
heterodyning means, or stages, are effectively connected in the
A.F.S. loop of the controlled oscillator.
for oscillators with plural heterodyne stages in
the A.F.S. loop, but wherein the discriminator is of the single
input type, i.e., no comparison of the oscillator frequency with
a reference frequency or source is made at the discriminator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein means are provided to frequency modulate
the generated oscillations of the controlled oscillator by a low
frequency reference source, signals representative of the modulated
signal being compared with signals from the low frequency reference
source in a signal comparator, the error signal from the output
of the comparator being utilized to restore the generated frequency
of the oscillator to the desired relationship with the reference
frequency.
for A.F.S. oscillators wherein the frequency of
the oscillator is swept over a range of frequencies so as to bring the
generated frequency within the "capture" range
of the discriminator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein the signal comparator comprises a
polyphase motor (usually of the two phase or split-phase type) having
at least two phase windings, the signal representative of the low
frequency modulated oscillations of the controlled oscillator being
applied to one phase winding and the signal representative of the
low frequency source being applied to another phase winding of the
motor, the rotor of the motor is mechanically coupled to the frequency
adjusting means of the oscillator.
for a single oscillator with plural A.F.S. means
wherein at least one of the A.F.S. means includes an electric motor
for adjusting an oscillator frequency control means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein a particular or significant signal
or phase comparing network is utilized in the A.F.S. loop of the
controlled oscillator.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 76.52+ for systems for measuring the frequency of a cyclic current
or voltage by phase comparison with a standard cyclic current or voltage,
and subclasses 76.77+ for systems for measuring electricity
utilizing phase comparison means (e.g., phase comparison between
cyclic pulse voltage and sinusoidal current).
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems,
subclasses 2+ for miscellaneous phase comparison circuits and
subclasses 39+ for miscellaneous frequency comparing circuits.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein the signal or phase comparator includes
two or more unilaterally conducting devices (e.g., diodes) as elements thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein the signal of phase comparator includes
two or more active elements (e.g., triodes) as elements thereof.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 89 for electric current or voltage measuring systems
utilizing a phase comparator, a grid-controlled tube means constituting
an element or elements thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein the signal or phase comparator includes
a unilaterally conducting element (e.g., diode, triode) as an element thereof.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 87+ for electric current or voltage measuring systems
utilizing phase comparison means with nonlinear device (e.g., rectifier,
grid controlled tube, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein the signal or phase comparator is
of the electromechanical type (e.g., two-phase motor, the reference
source being applied to one phase winding and the controlled oscillator
output being applied to the other phase winding) or a frequency
comparing means of the synchroscope type.
for A.F.S. controlled oscillators of the modulated
oscillator type (e.g., frequency modulation of controlled oscillator)
utilizing an electric motor comparator.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 90 for electric current and voltage measuring systems
utilizing a phase comparator of the electrodynamometer type, and
subclass 91 for phase comparators of the synchroscope type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the A.F.S. loop of the controlled
oscillator comprises (1) means for beating or heterodyning the generated
oscillations of the controlled oscillator with the oscillations
of the reference oscillator or source and (2) a single input discriminator
means responsive to the resulting heterodyned oscillations, which
discriminator produces an output error or control signal proportional
to the frequency deviation of the controlled oscillator from that of
the reference source, the error signal being utilized to restore
the generated frequency of the controlled oscillator to the desired
relationship with the reference frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter wherein two or more beating or heterodyning
means are utilized in the A.F.S. loop of the controlled oscillator.
for oscillators having plural heterodyne stages
in the A.F.S. loop, but wherein heterodyned oscillations of the
controlled oscillator and the reference source signal are compared
in a signal or phase comparator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter wherein a significant or particular single-input
frequency deviation detecting network or discriminator is utilized
in the A.F.S. loop of the controlled oscillator.
for A.F.S. systems wherein the discriminator is
of the signal or phase comparing type, having at least two inputs
for the signals (of the controlled oscillator and reference source)
to be compared.
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter wherein the frequency deviation detecting
network or discriminator includes two or more unilaterally conducting
devices (e.g., diodes) as elements thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the controlled oscillator includes
a significant or particular means for controlling, adjusting or
varying its generated frequency as a function of the error signal
from the discriminator in the A.F.S. loop of the controlled oscillator.
The particular means may be (1) the adjustable tuning element of
the controlled oscillator (e.g., a passive reactance or a reactance
tube comprising an element of the oscillator tank circuit), or (2)
the means for adjusting the tuning element of (1), (such as an electric
motor drive therefor), or (3) the combination of (1) and (2).
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 219+ for resonators of the distributed parameter type which
may be provided with frequency adjusting means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter wherein the frequency control means includes
an electromechanical drive for the tuning or frequency adjusting
element of the controlled oscillator.
for A.F.S. controlled oscillators of the modulated
oscillator type (e.g., frequency modulation of the controlled oscillator)
utilizing an electric motor comparator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter wherein the particular frequency control
means comprises an adjustable or variable reactance element or elements
of the frequency determining network of the controlled oscillator.
Examples of such elements are: reactance tubes, saturable core
inductors, adjustable capacitors or inductors, etc.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a signal producing system including
a signal combining device (e.g., mixer, modulator) having signal input
circuit means and a signal output circuit, at least two oscillators
or a single oscillator simultaneously generating plural frequencies being
connected to the input circuit means, the arrangement being such
that the sum and/or difference frequencies (usually the
difference frequency) of the oscillations generated by the respective
oscillators or of the plural frequency oscillator appears in the
output circuit of the signal combining means.
(1)
Note. In addition to beat frequency oscillators the beat
frequency principle is made use of in other systems. In general,
beat frequency oscillators classified herein comprise means for
beating two nonarbitrary sources of slightly different frequencies
and of substantially equal amplitudes, the proximate purpose of
the system being to produce a stable, high level, low frequency
output wave (by selecting the lower side band). Modulators classified
in Class 332 are directed to means for beating a source of carrier frequency
of high amplitude with a signal wave of low amplitude, which signal wave
varies arbitrarily in a continuous manner in accordance with some
intelligence (e.g., sound). Radio receiver mixers or converters
classified in Class 455, Telecommunications, are similar to the modulators
of Class 332 except that the modulating signal wave contains, in addition
to an arbitrary signal wave a large predictable component (the incoming
carrier wave).
for automatic frequency stabilized oscillators with
a spectrum frequency reference source involving beat frequency generation
in the stabilizing circuit.
for oscillators combined with an output coupling
network, with space discharge device or unilaterally conductive
device therein, for harmonic producing or selecting.
Modulators, see (1) Note above. Consult also the notes and search
notes appended to the class and subclass definitions of Class 332
as to other fields of search for beat frequency systems.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 130+ for radio receivers using the beat frequency principle
(in the form of autodyne, homodyne, superheterodyne and other types
of beat reception), subclasses 313+ for radio receiver
mixers or converters. See (1) Note above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter wherein the system includes at least two
signal combining means (i.e., mixers or modulators).
for automatic frequency stabilized oscillators with
reference oscillator or source and including plural heterodyne stages
in the frequency control circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein the plural mixers or modulators are
connected in concatenation or cascade in a single channel, that
is, the output of one mixer is connected to the input of a succeeding
mixer, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter wherein (1) means are provided for changing
the generated frequency of at least one of the beating oscillators
from one frequency to another, usually over a range of frequencies,
the change may be by discrete steps or continuous over the range,
or (2) means are provided for changing the amplitude of the generated
oscillations of at least one of the beating oscillators or for effecting
a change in amplitude at some other point in the system, e.g., in
the mixer circuit.
for oscillators which are automatically maintained
on frequency by retuning means when the frequency drifts from the
desired frequency, indented subclass 4 for search sweep of the oscillator,
indented subclass 15 for amplitude compensated oscillator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter wherein means are provided to prevent or
compensate for an undesired drift in output frequency of the system.
Such drift in frequency may be caused by (1) a change in a circuit
parameter (due to ambient temperature variations or to the heating
affects of currents in the circuit), (2) changes in active element characteristics,
(3) changes in active element electrode potentials, (4) variations
in load impedance, (5) undesired pull-in of one oscillator with
respect to another oscillator of the system, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter wherein the signal combining means is of
a particular type, such as the high frequency type (e.g., cavity
mixer) or a tuned circuit between oscillator and mixer which circuit
may include frequency dividers or multipliers.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter (1) wherein means are provided to adjust
the frequency setting means of the oscillator to make its frequency
of oscillation correspond to the frequency (or fundamental, harmonic
or sub-harmonic) of a source of standard frequencies or (2) means
are provided wherein the frequency of the oscillations generated
by the oscillator is compared with the frequency of the oscillations
of a source of standard frequencies and the tuning position indicator
or dial of the oscillator is graduated or marked in accordance with
the results of the comparison with the known frequency setting or
settings of the source of standard frequencies or (3) wherein means
are provided to determine a performance characteristic, or characteristics,
of the oscillator under prescribed conditions of operation (e.g.,
test under particular duty cycle, test under various load conditions,
test purity of generated wave form, etc.).
for oscillators with indicator, signal, or alarm
in general and wherein frequency calibration of the oscillator with
respect to a source of standard frequency or test of some other
characteristic of the oscillator are not involved.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 20+ for systems for testing lamps and space discharge
devices in general, particularly subclasses 24+ for testing
the discharge characteristics of space discharge devices (e.g., such
as triodes and pentodes), subclasses 57+ for measuring
or testing electrical apparatus wherein no details of the apparatus
are claimed, subclasses 76.12+ for systems to analyze complex
electrical waves, and subclasses 76.39+ for systems for
measuring the frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator system is provided
with at least two output circuit, each output producing a separate
wave of the same frequency, the waves being displaced in phase by
a fixed angle (other than phase coincidence or phase opposition)
so as to produce a multiphase or polyphase set of currents or voltages.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 1+ for cascaded or combined diverse conversion which
may include conversion from one number of phases to another number
of phases, and subclasses 148+ for phase conversion systems,
per se.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising an electrical system including
at least two significant oscillators.
(1)
Note. If only one oscillator is significantly claimed and
the other oscillator or oscillators are merely recited by name only
without any oscillator circuit detail being claimed, classification
is elsewhere in this class in accordance with the nature of system
or of the significant oscillator claimed.
for oscillator systems with automatic frequency
stabilization which may involve plural oscillators. See especially
subclasses: 2, wherein plural oscillators are stabilized, 18+, wherein
a reference oscillator or source is utilized, 30+, for
such systems combined with a stable heterodyne oscillator. 37+,
for plural oscillators utilized to produce a beat frequency. 45,
for polyphase output systems that may utilize plural oscillators.
71, for oscillator systems wherein raw A.C. is utilized as a source
of power or bias.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, particularly
subclasses 18+ for plural sources of electrical energy in general
associated with plural output circuits and subclasses 43+ for
plural sources of electrical energy associated with a common output
or load.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter wherein means are provided to enable energy
from one oscillator to modify or vary the amplitude or frequency
of the oscillations generated by another oscillator.
for automatic frequency stabilized oscillators wherein
one oscillator sweeps the generated frequency of a frequency stabilized
oscillator through a range of frequencies.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter wherein at least one of a plurality of oscillators
is provided with means to change the generated frequency from one
value to another.
for plural oscillators with automatic frequency
stabilization, and subclass 34+ for oscillators with automatic
frequency stabilization having particular frequency control means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter wherein means are provided for connecting
one or more of two or more oscillators at will to a common output
circuit or wherein means are provided for disconnecting one oscillator
from a load circuit and connecting another oscillator to the load
circuit, i.e., oscillator substitution.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 23 for systems for substituting a source in a plural
source-plural load circuit system, subclass 29 for systems for selectively connecting
plural sources to plural load circuits, subclasses 64+ for
systems for substituting a source in a plural source-single load
system, and subclass 80 for systems for selectively connecting a
source or sources in a plural source-single load system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter wherein two or more oscillators are effectively
connected in concatenation, that is, the output circuit of one oscillator
is connected to the input circuit of a second oscillator so that
the first oscillator drives the second oscillator. The second oscillator
may drive a third oscillator, the third oscillator a fourth oscillator,
etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Cascaded oscillators wherein at least one succeeding oscillator
generates oscillations of a frequency that is subharmonically related
to the frequency of the oscillations generated by a preceding oscillator
of the cascade.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems in general, wherein an
input alternating current of one frequency is converted directly
into an output alternating current of a different frequency. The
output frequency may be either less or greater than this input frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the cascaded oscillators are of the
semiconductor active element type (e.g., transistor).
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Cascaded oscillators wherein at least one succeeding oscillator
generates oscillations of a frequency that is harmonically related
to the frequency of the oscillations generated by a preceding oscillator
of the cascade.
for a single oscillator combined with an harmonic
producing or selecting network, which network includes a space discharge
or unilaterally conductive device.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems in general, wherein an
input alternating current of one frequency is converted directly
into an alternating current of another frequency. The output
frequency may be either greater or less than the input frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein at least two of the cascaded oscillators
are of different types, such as: Hartley and Colpitts oscillators,
relaxation and sine wave oscillators, multivibrator and blocking
oscillators, by way of examples.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter wherein at least one of a plurality of oscillators
is provided with means for coupling the oscillator, or oscillators,
to a periodic source of synchronizing or triggering potential to
drive to lock the period of the oscillator, or oscillators, to the
period of the source or to some multiple or submultiple thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter wherein the output circuits of at least two
oscillators are effectively connected in parallel.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator comprises three or
more active elements connected or cascade, the output of one active
element being connected to the input of another active element to
form a closed chain or loop, the active elements being so connected
and biased that they are caused to switch from a conducting to a
nonconducting state in succession, cyclically, thereby generating
self-sustained oscillations.
for phase shift oscillators which may comprise plural
tubes in cascade in a closed loop, but wherein a switching action
of the tubes does not take place.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator circuit is provided
with means for performing at least one other function in addition
to the generation of oscillations, which other function is independent
of and is intended to be performed concurrently with the production
of oscillations by the oscillator. An example of the type of plural
function system falling within the foregoing definition is that
of a vacuum tube circuit that simultaneously acts as an amplifier
of extraneous waves of one frequency and as an oscillator with respect
to waves of a different frequency, there being no mutual interaction between
the two waves.
for beat frequency oscillators wherein a single
electron tube oscillator may act as a frequency converter, the oscillations
generated by the oscillator being combined or mixed within the tube
with externally supplied oscillations to produce in the output of
the tube a beat frequency which is the algebraic sum or difference
of the generated and supplied oscillations.
for oscillator systems that may be selectively converted
from an oscillator to another type of electrical system, such as
an amplifier, or detector, or to another oscillator of a different type.
Amplifiers,
subclasses 1 , 82, 93, 101, 104, and 112 for subject matter including
plural function amplifiers which also operate as oscillators simultaneously.
Modulators, appropriate subclasses, wherein a single electron
tube circuit may perform the dual function of carrier frequency
generation and modulation.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 321+ for heterodyne receiving systems utilizing a frequency
converter system wherein a single electron tube circuit may perform
the dual function of local oscillation generation and signal frequency
mixing.
CONVERTIBLE (E.G., OSCILLATOR TO AMPLIFIER, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein means are provided for effecting
a change in oscillator circuit connections or for adding or substituting
circuit element thereto so that the system resulting from such change
or substitution is substantially different from the original oscillator
circuit.
(1)
Note. Typical systems classifiable herein are oscillators
convertible to (1) amplifiers, (2) detectors, (3) wave meters, (4)
triggered multivibrator, or oscillators convertible to another type
of oscillator, for example, (5) sine wave generator to square wave
generator, (6) Colpitts oscillator to Hartley oscillator, (7) Colpitts
oscillator to tuned feedback oscillator, and (8) fixed frequency
crystal oscillator to tunable LC oscillator.
for oscillator systems wherein the system simultaneously
performs some function in addition to generating oscillations (e.g.,
amplifies an external signal or detects an external signal).
for oscillators in general wherein the frequency
of oscillation is adjustable in discrete steps, e.g., by switching
in or substituting inductors and/or capacitors having different
fixed values of reactance.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator network includes at
least two separate and distinct output circuits.
(1)
Note. Push-pull output type oscillators for supplying a balance
push-pull load are classified with the particular oscillator.
for oscillators of the polyphase output type wherein
the separate output voltages or currents are of the polyphase type,
i.e., the separate output voltages or currents are of the same period
and differ by a constant phase angle (other than phase coincidence
or phase opposition).
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter wherein the electric waves derivable from
at least two separate output circuits are of different wave shapes.
Examples are: sine wave and triangular wave, saw-tooth and square
wave, sine wave and square wave, etc.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator is provided with means
to protect the oscillator circuit or elements thereof from damage
due to some condition or malfunction of the oscillator circuit or
power supply therefor.
for oscillators provided with means to protect operating
personnel or others who may come into contact with exposed portions
of the oscillator from electrical shock.
for oscillators provided with electromagnetic or
electrostatic shield means to prevent undesirable couplings between
elements of the oscillator caused by fields generated within the oscillator
circuit or to prevent external fields from influencing the oscillator.
for oscillators provided with means to modify the
temperature of the oscillator or elements thereof, wherein the means
may be for the purpose of cooling the oscillator or elements thereof to
prevent damage thereto that would result if the oscillator or elements thereof
were permitted to overheat.
for oscillators having means for controlling or
maintaining the amplitude level of the generated oscillations and wherein
the invention is not primarily for protecting the oscillator from overload.
for oscillators having a regulated source of power
or bias and wherein the invention is not primarily for protecting
the oscillator from damage due to excessive bias potential.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 326+ for electrical systems in general having self-protective,
safety or limit control features.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 1+ for safety and protection systems for electrical devices
and equipment in general. See the search notes, and under "SEARCH
CLASS" of subclasses 92+ of Class 307 and subclasses
1+ of Class 361 as to further fields of search for protective
systems for specific electrical devices and systems.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator is provided with means
for protecting persons contacting the oscillator or an exposed portion thereof
or persons controlling the oscillator from the danger of bodily
injury or electrical shock because of the high potentials associated with
the oscillator (e.g., the potential of the power source or the generated
oscillations).
for oscillators having means to prevent damage to
the oscillator circuit or elements thereof due to some condition
or malfunction of the oscillator circuit or the power supply therefor.
Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,
subclass 5 for electric shock hazard protective devices in
general. See also the search notes to this subclass as to other
fields of search for devices to protect personnel against electrical shock.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator is provided with an
indicator, signal or alarm means to indicate or signal some state
or condition of the oscillator.
(1)
Note. Examples of indicating, signaling or alarm means included
herein are (1) calibrated scales and cooperating indicators or pointers
to indicate the frequency setting of a tunable tank circuit of the oscillator
or to indicate the amplitude setting of an output attenuator of
the oscillator, (2) electric meters, signals or alarms to indicate
or respond to any current or potential of the oscillator, such as output
load current or power, overload current, bias potential level, frequency
of the generated oscillations, standing wave ratio of oscillator
resonator, etc., (3) indicating or signaling means responsive to
any other condition of the oscillator such as temperature or humidity,
by way of example.
(2)
Note. Systems wherein the oscillator is an element of a more
comprehensive indicating or signaling system, for example, a system
for performing an external (to the oscillator) chemical, physical
or electrical measurement or test are not classified herein but
in the class providing for such systems.
for methods of or systems for calibrating the oscillation
frequency setting means or tuning scale of an oscillator or for
testing the oscillation frequency characteristics of the oscillator.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for electrical measuring and testing
systems in general, particularly
subclasses 76.39+ for cyclic current or voltage frequency measuring
or testing devices.
Modulators,
subclass 118 for frequency modulators and subclass 150 for amplitude
modulators with indicating means, observing means and/or signal,
respectively.
Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for electrical signals and alarms,
especially
subclasses 870.01+ for continuous variable indication devices and
systems (e.g., telemetry) and subclass 653 for oscillator condition
responsive signals and alarms.
WITH DEVICE RESPONSIVE TO EXTERNAL PHYSICAL CONDITION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator is combined with means
distinct from the oscillator system or wherein the means is a modified element
of the oscillator, which means is responsive to a nonelectrical
condition external to the oscillator, a current characteristic of
the oscillator, (e.g., amplitude or frequency) being varied in accordance
with changes in the sensed condition.
(1)
Note. The condition sensing means may, for example, comprise
means responsive to (1) presence or absence of a material body,
(2) moisture or humidity, (3) temperature, (4) light, (5) pressure,
(6) liquid level, and so forth.
for oscillators with automatic frequency stabilization
wherein means are employed to sense a drift in oscillator frequency
and to effect a tuning of the oscillator in the proper direction to
maintain the oscillator frequency constant.
for oscillators having means to sense an undesirable
condition in the oscillator and responsive thereto to correct the
condition or so control the oscillator to prevent damage to the
oscillator.
and 70, for oscillators having means to modify the
temperature of the oscillator or a part thereof in response to temperature
changes in the oscillator or the relative temperature change of the
oscillator and its ambient medium.
Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses, for measuring and testing apparatus
involving sensing means for making physical measurements or tests
not provided for in other classes. See also, the Notes to the class
definitions and under "SEARCH CLASS" as to condition
sensing means classified in other classes. See particularly under
(3) Note, section C, of the class definition of Class 73 as to various electrical
devices and electrical systems classes which utilize condition responsive
controls.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the condition responsive means is
responsive to temperature or radiant energy in the form of light.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 584+ and 600 for electrical signal systems or alarms
responsive to temperature, radiant and energy respectively.
Thermal Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 121+ for a thermal radiation responsive thermometer,
and subclasses 170+ for an electrical thermometer with
a digital signal controlling an indicator.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator system is provided
(1) with means for shielding at least part of the oscillator system
from external electric or magnetic fields, (2) with means to shield
one or more parts of the oscillator system from electric or magnetic
fields generated in one or more other parts of the oscillator system,
(3) with shielding or screening means to prevent radiation of undesired
electric or magnetic fields generated within the oscillator system.
(1)
Note. The electric or magnetic shield or screen to be classified
herein must be in addition to and separate from oscillator circuit
element structure. For example, if the electron tube of the oscillator
contains a screen grid orshielding electrode as a perfecting feature
of the tube this is considered tube structure and not shielding
or screening for this subclass. Subclasses 72+ for instance,
is directed to electron coupled oscillators utilizing tetrode or
pentode tubes wherein the screen electrode shields or screens the
oscillator circuit section of the tube from the output or anode
circuit thereof. Another example of excluded subject matter is that
of an oscillator wherein the resonator of the oscillator encloses
and forms a screen for the active element of the oscillator (see
subclasses 97+, for example, for a tube enclosed by a distributed parameter
type resonator).
(2)
Note. The shield or screen must be claimed as a magnetic,
electric or electromagnetic shield or screen, or such limitations
must be recited to clearly restrict the shield or screen to that
use, to cause classification in this subclass. Merely reciting
the combination of an oscillator with an outer casing or housing,
or as a metallic outer casing or housing, for example, would not
be sufficient for classification herein, such combination being
classified in subclasses 68+ below.
Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,
subclasses 32 through 397for miscellaneous anti-inductive structures, particularly
subclasses 350-397 for miscellaneous electrical shields and screen
structures not elsewhere classifiable. The search notes to subclasses
32-397, indicate further fields of search for anti-inductive and shielding
structure.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Oscillators provided with a casing or housing to enclose
the oscillator.
(1)
Note. The function of the casing or housing surrounding the
oscillator in the patents in this subclass is to provide primarily
for the mechanical protection or for the control of the physical
environment of the enclosed oscillator.
(2)
Note. The casing or housing includes at least the oscillator
system and may or may not include the power supply or biasing sources
for the oscillator.
(3)
Note. If the casing or housing is claimed as an electric,
magnetic, or electro-magnetic shield or screen the patent is excluded.
(4)
Note. The casing or housing in this subclass must be independent
of the oscillator. For example, if the oscillator is enclosed by
one of its own components (such as its resonator) classification
is with the particular oscillator.
for magnetically controlled space discharge device
oscillators (e.g., magnetron) wherein the frequency determining
network of the oscillator is enclosed by the tube envelope.
Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, for miscellaneous casings and housings for electrical devices
and including the combination of the casing or housing with the
electrical device recited by name only, particularly
subclasses 8+ for such devices intended to be used with a fluid
or vacuum and subclasses 50+ for such devices of general
utility. See the search notes to the class definition of Class
174 and to subclasses 8 and 50 and under "SEARCH CLASS" thereunder
as to other fields of search for particular electrical devices with housings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter wherein means are associated with the housed
oscillator for controlling or modifying the temperature of the oscillator
or elements thereof.
for oscillators combined with temperature sensing
means external to the oscillator for controlling a characteristic
of the oscillator (e.g., frequency or amplitude) as a function of
an externally sensed temperature.
for oscillators having means for controlling or
modifying the temperature of the oscillator or elements thereof and
wherein the oscillator is not combined with an enclosing housing
or casing.
Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,
subclasses 15.1+ for combined electrical device (recited by name only)
casing or housing therefor and means for feeding, circulating or
distributing a fluid or with means to cool either the electrical
device or the fluid.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein means are provided for modifying
or controlling the temperature of the oscillator or elements thereof.
(1)
Note. For example, included in this subclass are oscillators
provided with (1) crystal ovens for controlling or maintaining the
oscillator crystal temperature constant, (2) means for forcing a
cooling fluid through a cavity resonator of the oscillator, (3)
means for circulating a fluid through a hollow conductor comprising
the inductor of the LC frequency determining element of the oscillator,
(4) an oscillator tube wherein the anode or cathode structure of
the tube is provided with passages through which a cooling fluid
is passed or wherein the external terminal of the anode electrode
may include cooling fins.
for oscillators combined with an external temperature
responsive means for controlling a characteristic (e.g., frequency
or amplitude) of the oscillator.
Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,
subclasses 15.1+ for means for cooling electrical apparatus wherein no
details of the apparatus are claimed. See the search notes to subclass
15.1 and the class definition search notes of Class 174 for other fields
of search with respect to modifying the temperature of particular electrical
apparatus.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the source of power or bias for the
output and control electrodes or the output electrode of the active
element of the oscillator comprises raw alternating current, which
current is applied directly to the electrodes.
(1)
Note. Where the raw alternating current is merely applied
to the control electrode of the active element of the oscillator classification
is not in this subclass, but elsewhere in this class in accordance with
the particular type of oscillator systems or the nature of the control.
See the search notes below for oscillator systems which may have
alternating current applied to the control grid of the active element
thereof may be found, wherein one oscillator is used to vary the
amplitude of the oscillation generated by another oscillator; for
cascaded or series connected oscillators; for a subclass wherein
plural oscillators may be synchronized from an external source or where
one oscillator synchronizes another; for oscillators with periodic
or repetitious amplitude and/or frequency varying means
(e.g., tremolo, vibrato); for and oscillators with synchronizing triggering
or pulsing means involving grid bias control; for blocking oscillators,
for relaxation oscillators in general and for oscillators in general.
for oscillator systems which may have alternating
current applied to the control grid of the active element thereof, wherein
one oscillator is used to vary the amplitude of the oscillation
generated by another oscillator.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 137+ for gaseous space discharge device or vacuum diode
systems supplied with a polyphase alternating current, and subclasses
246+ for similar systems supplied with pulsating or alternating current
supply (see the search notes appended to subclasses 246+ for
further fields of search for similar subject matter).
Amplifiers,
subclasses 114+ for linear amplifiers wherein an unrectified alternating
current is applied to an electrode of an active element or elements,
thereof.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the active element of the oscillator
includes a cathode, two or more grids and an output electrode (e.g., conventional
tetrode or pentode) and wherein the cathode and at least two grids
are connected in circuit to form a triode oscillator, one of the grids
acting as an anode electrode, and wherein the output electrode is
coupled to the oscillator solely through the electron stream, so
that the output circuit is substantially isolated from the oscillator
circuit. In effect, the resulting circuit comprises an oscillator
and power amplifier combined in one tube.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter, wherein a piezoelectric crystal comprises
a frequency determining element of the oscillator.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator has coupled or connected
to its output circuit an additional network, which network may be passive
or active, the driven load being coupled or connected to the output
of the additional network.
(1)
Note. To be classified in this and indented subclasses the
additional output coupling network must be significantly claimed.
If it is claimed nominally, for example, as a transformer coupled
output or a directly connected output, or the like, classification
will be with the particular oscillator and not herein.
(2)
Note. Where the oscillator is claimed in broad terms, such
as a wave generator, pulse generator harmonic generator, oscillator,
or the like, so as to provide no basis for classification in this
class and the oscillator is claimed in combination with a specific
output coupling network, classification, in general, will be with
the particular coupling network and not herein.
for beat frequency oscillators wherein at least
two sources of oscillation are connected or coupled to a modulator or
mixer network to produce an output which is the difference or the
sum of the two frequencies.
for electron coupled oscillators wherein a single
multi-grid electron tube (e.g., tetrode or pentode) is so connected
that one section of the tube acts as an oscillator and the output electrode
(usually the anode) is coupled to the oscillator solely through the
electron stream and acts effectively as a stage of amplification.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses and search notes for a field
of search for coupling networks of the active element type; also
see appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous systems with particular
output circuits. See the (2) Note above.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, provides for passive type wave transmission coupling networks
(e.g., impedance matching networks, equalizing networks, delay lines,
wave filters); see the class definitions and search notes; also
see
subclasses 24+ for passive coupling networks, per se, and see
the Search Class notes thereunder. See also (2) Note above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Subject matter wherein the output coupling network includes
a device having at least two spaced electrodes between which an
electric current may be caused to flow. Included, by way of example,
are spark gaps, electron tubes (diodes, triodes, etc.) of the vacuum
type or gas-filled type and solid state equivalents thereof, such
as semi-conductor barrier layer devices (e.g., rectifier, transistors).
for electron coupled oscillators wherein a single
multi-grid electron tube (e.g., tetrode or pentode) is so connected
that one section of the tube acts as an oscillator and the output electrode
(usually the anode) is coupled to the oscillator solely through the
electron stream and acts effectively as a stage of amplification.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for miscellaneous systems utilizing nonlinear reactor
devices and not elsewhere classifiable and subclasses 106+ for
class appropriate waveform or wave shape determinative or pulse producing
systems.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous transistor
and electron tube nonlinear circuits.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter wherein (1) the active element is operated
on a nonlinear portion of its characteristic so as to produce harmonics
of the fundamental frequency of the oscillator, further filter means
usually being provided to select a particular harmonic or harmonics
of the harmonics generated, or (2) a wave filter selective to the
desired harmonic or harmonics of the harmonics generated by the
oscillator is included in the output coupling network.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 105 for miscellaneous systems employing harmonic filtering
or neutralizing devices and not elsewhere classifiable.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 167+ for passive wave filters, especially subclasses 175+ for
resonant discrete frequency selective type filters.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems, for directly
converting a current into a current of a higher or lower frequency,
especially subclasses 166+ for electronic tube frequency
converting systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Subject matter wherein the output coupling network is of
the passive type and is so designed as to pass waves of a desired
frequency or band of frequencies with little attenuation while highly
attenuating waves of other or undesired frequency or band of frequencies.
for oscillators having automatic frequency stabilization
utilizing a stable heterodyne oscillator and wherein the frequency
discriminator may be of the passive-filter type.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator comprises means for
utilizing the random translatory motions of charged particles for generating
a substantially infinite number of waves of different frequencies
which are fortuitously related, having no definite phase relationship,
period, amplitude or shape. The means may be (1) a solid conductor,
the random waves being generated by the thermal agitation of the
free electrons, or (2) a thermionic space discharge device, wherein
the random waves are caused by random emission of electrons (such
as the shot effect in a temperature limited thermionic diode), or
(3) a gaseous space discharge device wherein the thermal agitation
or electrical excitation of the molecules, ions and electrons of
the gas produces the random waves.
for molecular or particle resonant type oscillators
wherein the generated oscillations are caused by the vibration of
the particle, molecule or atom itself and is not due to translational motion
of the particle, molecule or atoms as a whole.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein (1) the active element of the oscillator
comprises a space discharge device consisting of a source of charged particles,
means for concentrating the particles into a directed beam, means
for exerting a control on the beam (e.g., beam accelerating electrode,
control grid, deflecting means, slow wave structure, buncher type
resonator, reflector electrode, etc.) and means for deriving output
oscillatory energy from the controlled beam.
(1)
Note. The active elements in this and indented subclasses
are of the transit time or velocity variation or velocity modulation
type, and while space charge effects influence the beam somewhat they
are secondary, the primary effect of control of the beam being that
of velocity variation. This action is to be contrasted with that
of the space-charge control tubes (e.g., conventional triode) wherein
the electron density is varied and the slight change in electron
velocity during such variation is secondary.
for magnetically controlled space discharge device
type oscillators (e.g., magnetron) wherein the space discharge device
is not of the beam type, but which device may utilize transit time
effects to produce oscillations.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 1+ for cathode-ray tube systems in general, especially
subclasses 3+ for systems utilizing cathode-ray tubes combined with
circuit element structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter wherein the beam control means of the space
discharge device includes means (e.g., beam deflecting electrodes
or coils) for causing the beam to depart from its directed path.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass are systems wherein the beam
sweeping deflecting device acts as driven switching device to shock
excite a resonant circuit into oscillation, the switching device being
driven by an external oscillator. For other shock-excited resonant
circuit systems see the search notes below. The driving oscillator
in this subclass is claimed in broad terms only, if the driving
oscillator is significantly claimed classification is in some preceding
subclass, such as the subclasses for the combination of specific
oscillator with particular output coupling networks, especially
subclasses wherein the output coupling network may include a space discharge
device.
wherein the switching element is of the gaseous
space discharge type. The driving oscillator in this subclass is claimed
in broad terms only, if the driving oscillator is significantly claimed
classification is in some preceding subclass,
wherein the switching element is of the active element
type and which system is not provided for in any preceding subclass.
The driving oscillator in this subclass is claimed in broad terms
only, if the driving oscillator is significantly claimed classification
is in some preceding subclass.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 5.18+ for cathode-ray tube devices including a hollow
distributed parameter type resonator wherein the ray passes through
the resonator and the tube is provided with repeller means to return the
ray to the resonator, subclasses 5.24+ for cathode-ray
tube devices including a hollow resonator through the ray passes
and having means to deflect or reflect the ray, and subclasses 364+ for
cathode-ray tube circuits in general having means for deflecting
the cathode-ray.
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter wherein the means for controlling the beam
comprises a resonator or a slow wave structure (delay line) effectively
in energy-coupling relation to the moving beam of particles, the
energy interchange between the particles and resonator or slow wave
structure due to relative movement therebetween resulting in a change
in velocity of given particles along the path of the beam, such
differences in velocity of given particles causing the particles
to form in groups or bunches.
for oscillators utilizing velocity variation type
active elements (e.g., Klystron) and having means for automatically
stabilizing the oscillator frequency.
for magnetically controlled space discharge device
oscillators of the magnetron type wherein the electrons in the interaction
space between the cathode and anode resonator may be subjected to
velocity modulation and bunching to generate oscillations.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 3+ for cathode-ray tubes combined with circuit element
structure, especially indented subclasses 3.5+ for traveling wave
tubes with delay transmission line and indented subclasses 4+ for cathode-ray
tube combined with inductor or distributed parameter type inductive
structure, and subclass 39.3 for traveling wave tube with delay line
and wherein the active electrons are not in the form of a beam or
ray.
Modulators,
subclasses 133 , 147+ or 165+, for electron bunching
type tubes (e.g., klystron) utilized in a frequency, phase or amplitude
modulator, respectively.
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter wherein the means controlling the beam comprises
a transmission line of the slow wave type placed in energy exchanging relation
to the beam of particles, the axes of the transmission line and
the beam being in the same general direction, the transmission line being
so constructed that the phase velocity of a component of a traveling
electromagnetic wave propagated therealong approximates the velocity
of the beam of particles being such that the wave gains in energy
while the particles lose energy, the slowing down of the particles
causing groups or bunches to form.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 3.5+ for cathode-ray tube circuits wherein the tube
is of the traveling wave type combined with a delay type transmission
line, and subclass 39.3 for a discharge device of the traveling
wave type with delay type transmission line.
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter wherein the means controlling the beam includes
at least two distributed parameter devices of the cavity resonator
type, the resonators being provided with apertures, the beam of
particles being directed through the apertures of the resonators
in succession, exciting the resonators into oscillation. The first
resonator causes bunching of the particles passing therethrough,
the bunched particles then travel in a field-free region where further bunching
occurs and then the bunched particles enter the second resonator
giving up their energy to excite it into oscillation, a positive feedback
loop from the second resonator to the first resonator causes sustained
oscillations to be generated.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclass 5.16 for combined cathode-ray tube with plural hollow
devices where in plural rays pass through or in the hollow devices,
subclass 5.27 for similar devices utilizing a single ray and with ray
deflection means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter wherein the means controlling the beam of
particles comprises a buncher resonator effectively placed in the
path of the beam and interacting therewith to cause the particles to
be velocity modulated or bunched, a repeller electrode is provided
in the path of the bunched particles and is so biased as to reflect
the bunched particles and cause them to return to the buncher resonator
in proper phase to interact therewith to give additional energy
to the resonator and produce sustained oscillations.
for retarding field type (e.g., Barkhausen-Kurz)
oscillators wherein the active element is not of the beam type and
wherein a cloud of electrons is caused to oscillate about a positively
biased grid.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 5.18+ for combined cathode-ray tube and hollow resonator
structure wherein the ray is reflected and returns to and enters
the resonator, and subclasses 5.24+ for similar devices
wherein the ray returns to but does not enter the resonator.
WITH MAGNETICALLY CONTROLLED SPACE DISCHARGE DEVICE (E.G., MAGNETRON)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the active element of the oscillator
consists of a space discharge device having means for producing
a space discharge comprising charged particles, such as electrons
or ions, and wherein further means are provided for subjecting the
space discharge to the direct control of a magnetic field and an
electric field.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes magnetrons, a specific form
of magnetically controlled space discharge device. The magnetron
is essentially a diode comprising a linear cathode, an anode, usually
cylindrical, coaxial therewith and wherein the magnetic field is
parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cathode while the electric
field is transverse thereto. In the multicavity magnetron the frequency
determining element is structurally a part of the anode.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,
subclass 433 for cathode-ray tube structure provided with electrostatic
and electromagnetic, beam deflecting means and subclasses 153+ for
space discharge device structure provided with a magnetic device, especially
indented subclasses 156+ for space discharge devices where
the magnetic field is transverse to the discharge.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclass 5.13 for cathode ray device with a hollow resonator
combined with a magnetron, subclasses 399+ for cathode-ray
tube systems utilizing electromagnetic beam deflection, and subclasses 39.51+ for
distributed parameter type resonator magnetron space discharge devices
in general wherein the resonator is a structural part of the space
discharge device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein an electrical network including switching
or keying means is provided for producing high voltage pulses of large
energy content, which pulses are applied between electrodes (cathode
and anode) of the active element of the oscillator to cause the oscillator
to generate oscillations in accordance with the duration of the
pulses.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 106+ for waveform or wave shape determinative or pulse
producing systems which are class appropriate and especially subclass
108 for such systems utilizing capacitors.
Modulators, particularly
subclasses 132 and 166 for modulators of the magnetic field electronic
tube type and subclasses 106+ for pulse modulation systems
in general respectively.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein means are provided in the oscillator
circuit to prevent or compensate for undesirable drift or change
in oscillator frequency caused by changes in (1) space discharge
device characteristics or (2) circuit parameters or (3) supply or
bias voltages, or any combination or (1), (2) or (3).
(1)
Note. This subclass does not provide for oscillators with
automatic frequency stabilization wherein means are provided for
sensing or detecting an undesired change in oscillator frequency,
developing a control or error voltage proportional to such change
and applying the control or error voltage to means for varying or
adjusting a frequency determining means of the oscillator in such
a sense as to bring the oscillator back on frequency. For such
subject matter search subclasses 1+ above, particularly subclass
5 for magnetron type oscillators.
for oscillators utilizing magnetically controlled
space discharge devices and having means to automatically stabilize
the frequency. See, also, (1) Note above.
for oscillators with outer casing, housing or shield
and wherein a temperature modifier is provided which may aid in
stabilizing the oscillator frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein the magnetically controlled space
discharge device includes a secondary electron emissive electrode.
(1)
Note. The secondary electron emission electrode, for example,
may be (1) an auxiliary electrode, or (2) the cathode electrode,
which cathode may be designed to produce electrons by thermionic
and secondary emission or by secondary emission alone (cold cathode),
or (3) the anode or collector electrode.
for negative resistance or negative transconductance
type oscillators in general utilizing the phenomenon of secondary
electron emission (e.g., dynatron oscillators).
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,
subclasses 103+ for the structure of space discharge devices including
secondary electron emissive electrodes. See the search notes to subclasses
103+ of Class 313 as to the further fields of search for
secondary electron emissive devices or systems utilizing such devices.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclass 39.63 for magnetically controlled space discharge device
structures (e.g., magnetrons) having secondary electron emitter
means.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 213+ for negative resistance networks which networks may
include a negative resistance device having a secondary emissive electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein the oscillator includes means to
vary or change the frequency of the oscillations generated by the
oscillator.
(1)
Note. The frequency adjustment of the oscillator may be effected
in many ways, (1) by moving a tuning element such as a variable
capacitor or variable inductor of a resonant circuit or the short-circuiting
element of a resonant line, (2) by electronic control such as an
auxiliary cathode in a resonator cavity of a multicavity magnetron,
(3) by adjusting the strength of the magnetic field in the electron
interaction space of a magnetron.
for oscillators having means for automatically stabilizing
the oscillator frequency, especially indented subclass 5 wherein
the oscillator is of the magnetron type.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 39.55+ for distributed parameter resonator magnetron type
space discharge device having variable tuning means.
Modulators,
subclass 5 for modulator systems of magnetic field electronic tube
type (e.g., magnetic) wherein the modulating signal may vary the
tuning of the system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein the circuit constants of the oscillator
are such that the oscillator may have several possible modes of
operation and wherein means are provided to prevent or suppress
the generation of modes other than the desired mode.
(1)
Note. Undesired mode generation is most common in magnetrons
of the multicavity anode type and may be prevented or suppressed
in various ways, for example, by strapping (conductively connecting)
alternate segments of the resonant cavities, by changing the resonant
cavity structure so that alternate cavities are resonant at different
frequencies or by some external means such as a resonant break-down
device or wave filter device in the output coupling line of the
magnetron.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclass 39.65 for magnetron devices wherein the anode structure
is of the plural diverse resonator type, and subclass 39.69 for magnetron
devices wherein the plural resonators of the anode structure are strapped.
RETARDING FIELD TUBE-TYPE OSCILLATORS (E.G., BARKHAUSEN KURZ)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator comprises an electron
tube having at least three electrodes, i.e., a source of electrons
(cathode), control electrode (grid) and an anode or plate electrode,
the control electrode being biased positively with respect to the
other electrodes. The bias potentials of the electrodes are so
chosen that the electrons attracted from the cathode by the positive
grid pass through the grid and are slowed down by the repelling
effect of the negative anode field and are returned back to, or
through the grid. This phenomenon is repeated again and again so
that a cloud of electrons is caused to sweep back and forth through
the grid, giving up energy to the grid at a frequency which is a
function of the transit time of the electrons. Usually a frequency determining
network is associated with the electron tube so that the frequency
of the generated oscillation is a function of both the electron
transit time and the network parameters.
for beam tube oscillators of the reflex type wherein
an electron beam is projected through a beam permeable electrode
cavity toward a repelling electrode which electrode reflects the beam,
causing it to pass back through the permeable electrode or cavity.
Demodulators,
subclass 322 for microwave frequency structure in a frequency
demodulator and subclass 354 for microwave structure in an amplitude
demodulator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter wherein a distributed parameter frequency
determining network is associated with the electron tube.
MOLECULAR OR PARTICLE RESONANT TYPE (E.G., MASER):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator consists of (a) a
medium which may be solid, liquid, or gaseous, comprising particles,
molecules, or atoms; (b) means including a source of energy for
setting the particles, molecules, or atoms into a state of vibration
or oscillation; and (c) means to abstract electromagnetic wave energy
produced by the vibration or oscillation of the particles, molecules,
or atoms. The vibration or oscillation is that of the particle, molecule,
or atom itself and is not due to the translational motion of the
particle, molecule, or atom as a whole.
for electrical noise or random wave generators wherein
the translatory motions of charged particles or molecules are utilized
to generate oscillations.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 552 for devices for producing and propagating a unidirectional
stream of neutral molecules or atoms through vacuum, usually at
thermal velocity and including means to excite the molecules or atoms
at a resonant frequency.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the frequency determining element
of the oscillator comprises a variable split stator capacitor, the
stator plates being in general circular discs having a symmetrical
opening therein of butterfly wing configuration, the rotor plates
having a corresponding butterfly shape and being in interleaving
or meshing relation to the stator plates and being rotatable about
an axis normal to and passing through the center of symmetry of
the surface of the rotor plates. The arrangement is such that both
the capacitance and inductance of the device vary at a function
of the rotor position.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the frequency determining means or
resonator of the oscillator is of the distributed network type,
the capacitance, inductance and resistance of which cannot be isolated
into separate lumped capacitors, inductors or resistors and wherein the
time factor of propagation of wave energy in the network is appreciable.
Examples of such a network are an open-circuited or short-circuited
wave transmission line a quarter wave length long at the desired
resonant frequency. Included are transmission lines wherein the principal
wave may be of TEM mode (e.g., parallel wire and coaxial lines)
or E or H mode having longitudinal as well as transverse wave components
(e.g., hollow conductors, dielectric rods, single wire surface-wave
mode wave guides).
for microwave oscillators having automatic frequency
stabilization and which utilize distributed parameter resonators
as discriminator means in the A.F.S. loop.
for oscillators utilizing electromechanical resonators
whose frequency may be determined by distributed physical parameters
of mass, stiffness and mechanical friction.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 4+ for cathode-ray tube circuits and wherein the cathode-ray
tube includes distributed parameter resonator structure and subclasses
39+ for space discharge device load with distributed parameter type
transmission line (e.g., wave guide, coaxial cable) which line may act
as a resonator.
Amplifiers,
subclass 45 for a linear amplifier having an electron beam vacuum
tube coupled to a cavity resonator; subclass 49 for a linear amplifier
having a vacuum tube amplifying device which has distributed parameter
characteristics which may involve a resonator; and subclass 56 for
linear amplifiers involving wave guide, cavity, of concentric line
resonator coupling, generally.
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter wherein the oscillator includes a frequency
determining network comprising a hollow conductive structure, such
as a coaxial line resonator or a cavity type resonator, and wherein
the active element of the oscillator is effectively enclosed thereby.
for oscillators that include an electromagnetic
or electrostatic shield which may enclose the active element of
the oscillator and wherein the shield is not the frequency determining
network or resonator of the oscillator.
wherein the oscillator is enclosed by an outer casing
or housing which casing or housing is not the frequency determining
network or resonator of the oscillator.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclass 39 for the combination of a space discharge device
with a distributed parameter transmission line and wherein the line may
enclose the space discharge device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Subject matter wherein the active element comprises an electron
tube including an envelope having an axis of symmetry and wherein at
least one electrode, usually the control grid of the tube, has an
external contact comprising a planar disc or annulus whose center
of revolution is on the axis of symmetry of the tube envelope and
normal thereto. Examples of such electron tubes are the lighthouse
tube and the pencil tube wherein the anode, grid and cathode external
contacts are surfaces of revolution about the axis of the tube envelope
and are displaced longitudinally there along.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,
subclasses 237+ , especially subclasses 249+, for the structure
of lighthouse and pencil type space discharge devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter wherein the frequency determining network
comprises at least two elongated conductors so oriented that their longitudinal
axis are parallel, are displaced relative to each other and lie
in a common plane.
(1)
Note. The cross-sectional configuration of the individual
conductors may have any geometric form, but is usually circular,
as is true of the well known Lecher wires, for example.
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter wherein the parallel wire resonator oscillator
includes two or more active elements connected in push-pull relation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter wherein the frequency determining network
comprises at least two elongated conductors, one of the conductors
being enclosed by and electrically shielded by the other conductor,
the conductors being so arranged that their longitudinal axes are
parallel or coincident (i.e., coaxial line).
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter wherein the coaxial or shielded line type
resonator oscillator includes two or more active elements connected
in push-pull relation.
TUBE STRUCTURE FORMS INDUCTIVE PART OF RESONANT CIRCUIT
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein some structure or structures of the
active element, such as the space discharge electrodes or the internal
leads associated therewith, have an appreciable inductive reactance
which reactance is effectively included as part of the frequency
determining network of the oscillator.
for magnetic field controlled space discharge device
oscillators wherein the resonator is a structural part of the device
(e.g., magnetron type with rising-sun anode blocks).
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator comprises an electron
tube, having input and output electrodes, and a frequency determining network
effectively coupled between the output and input electrodes and
wherein the electrode spacing or the electrode biasing potentials,
or both, are so chosen that the time of flight or transit angle
of the electrons between the electrodes is an appreciable part of a
cycle of the generated oscillations, the arrangement being such
that energy is continuously supplied to the frequency determining network
in proper phase to sustain oscillations.
for magnetron type oscillators having automatic
frequency control and wherein the active element may relay on electron
transit time effects to generate oscillations.
for retarding field type oscillators (e.g., Barkhausen-Kurz)
wherein the transit time effects of electrons oscillating about
a positive grid are utilized to generate oscillations.
WITH PARASITIC OSCILLATION CONTROL OR PREVENTION MEANS
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator, when in operation,
generates or tends to generate undesired spurious oscillations and
wherein means are provided in the oscillator circuit to suppress,
control or prevent the generation of such undesired oscillations.
(1)
Note. The spurious oscillations may be caused, for example,
by (1) parasitic resonant circuits formed by the tube leads and
interelectrode capacitance of the active element of the oscillator,
(2) secondary emission effects due to positive excursions of the
grid of the active element of the oscillator which produces a negative
resistance and causes the production of dynatron oscillations, (3) electron
transit time effects, particularly in a tetrode or pentode, when
the grid is positive with respect to cathode and output electrode,
which effects may produce Barkhausen oscillations, and (4) the radio
frequency chokes in the electrode biasing circuits which chokes
may be of such values as to cause the generation of low frequency
parasitic oscillations.
WITH PERIODOIC OR REPETITIOUS AMPLITUDE VARYING MEANS (E.G., TREMOLO)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the oscillator is provided with means
to cyclically or repetitively vary the amplitude of the generated means
are provided to simultaneously vary the amplitude and frequency
of the generated wave cyclically or repetitively.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Oscillators wherein the oscillator comprises at least two
components (1) a two-terminal or four-terminal active element of electrically
conductive, semi-conductive, ferromagnetic or ferroelectric material
in the solid state, and (2) a frequency determining network. Usually
the two-terminal active element constitutes a negative resistance
so connected to the frequency determining network that the resulting
oscillator is a two-terminal negative resistance oscillator, whereas
the four-terminal active element is so connected to the frequency determining
network that the resulting oscillator is of the feedback type.
(1)
Note. Oscillator system elements recited in the Class 331
definition of an oscillator system occur in a Gunn element with input
and output terminals, even though a Gunn Oscillator isn"t
even an integrated circuit.
(2)
Note. If an oscillator system involving an active solid state
device or integrated circuit is claimed, nominally or in detail, then
it is properly classified in Class 331, whereas if an oscillator
system is not claimed or a subcombination thereof which involves
an active solid state device is claimed, and is not elsewhere classifiable,
then they are properly classified in Class 257.
Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), for active solid-state devices, especially
subclasses 6 through 8for Gunn effect oscillators, and subclasses 446 and
499+ for integrated circuit devices with electrically isolated
components.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for miscellaneous systems, not elsewhere classifiable
utilizing ferromagnetic or ferroelectric active elements, and subclass
132 for switching systems of the self-sustaining repetitive make
and break type, usually employing electromagnetic relays.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclass 301 for the structure of electric generators or motors
utilizing the thermal or pyromagnetic properties of a solid, and
subclasses 311+ for the structure of electric generators
or motors utilizing the piezoelectric properties of a solid.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous transistor
or electron tube nonlinear circuits.
Inductor Devices,
subclasses 155+ for the structure of inductive regulators with
no relatively moving parts, e.g., saturable core transformers or
inductors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Oscillators in which the active element consists of a device
of electronic conducting, semi-conductive material utilizing the
current amplification properties of the material, which device has
three or more electrodes.
(1)
Note. If an oscillator system involving an active solid state
device or integrated circuit is claimed, nominally or in detail, then
it is properly classified in Class 331, whereas if an oscillator
system is not claimed or a subcombination thereof which involves
an active solid state device is claimed, and is not elsewhere classifiable,
then they are properly classified in Class 257.
Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), appropriate subclasses for active solid-state devices,
including field effect or bipolar transistors, per
se,
subclasses 6 through 8for Gunn effect oscillators, and subclasses 446 and
499+ for integrated circuit devices with electrically isolated
components.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous transistor
or electron tube nonlinear circuits.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein means are provided for adjusting,
controlling or regulating the amplitude of the generated oscillations.
The oscillation amplitude control means may be manually set or
varied or may be controlled automatically responsive to changes
in some condition, such as the amplitude of the generated oscillations.
for oscillators whose oscillation amplitude may
be controlled by means responsive to some external physical condition
(e.g., humidity, pressure, temperature).
Amplifiers,
subclass 290 for linear transistor amplifiers having d.c. feedback
stabilization control means; subclasses 250+ for linear
transistor amplifiers having signal feedback means; and subclasses
278+ for linear transistor amplifiers having signal volume
level control means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the frequency determining element
of the oscillator consists of a feedback network of the balanced
lattice or similar type having two pairs of conjugately related
terminals, one pair of terminals being connected to the output circuit
and the other pair of terminals being connected to the input circuit
of the transistor, the arrangement being such that regeneration
(oscillation) occurs only at the desired frequency, energy at all
other frequencies being attenuated because of degeneration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Oscillators for generating nonsinusoidol waves which are
cyclic in nature and wherein each cycle consists of a period determined
by the charging time of a capacitor or inductor of the oscillator
followed by a period determined by the discharge time of the capacitor
or inductor through a resistive element of the oscillator.
for relaxation oscillators in general not provided
for in a preceding subclass. See also the search notes appended
to subclass 143 as to further fields of search relating to relaxation oscillators.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnections Systems,
subclasses 401+ for relaxation systems utilizing nonlinear reactors
which systems are not of the free-running type.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous relaxation circuits
and
subclasses 185+ for such circuits which may utilize a stable state
circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Oscillators comprising at least one active element of the
transistor type, a closely-coupled transformer coupling the output
circuit of the transistor to the input circuit in positive feedback
relation and a time constant network in the input circuit of the
transistor, the conduction and relaxation periods of the oscillator being
determined by the impedance parameters of the transformer and time
constant network.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Oscillators which comprise a symmetrical arrangement of
a two-stage resistance coupled transistor amplifier in which the
output of each stage supplies input to the other stage.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for miscellaneous multivibrators of the nonfree-running
type employing active elements of ferromagnetic or ferroelectric
type.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems,
subclasses 185+ for miscellaneous stable state circuits (e.g.,
bistable multivibrator).
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Oscillators wherein at least two transistors of the same
or opposite conductivity type are connected in a symmetrical balanced
circuit arrangement so that their respective input and output signals
are in phase opposition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Oscillators in which the oscillator comprises a two terminal
negative resistance device comprising a transistor connected to
a tuned circuit.
for negative resistance oscillators in general not
provided for in any preceding subclass. See the search notes appended
to this subclass for negative resistance devices classified in other classes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the frequency determining element
of the oscillator is of the electromechanical resonator type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the frequency determining element
of the oscillator is of lumped parameter LC type.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Oscillators wherein means consisting of a gaseous space
discharge device is utilized to control a source of energy for exciting
the frequency determining network of the oscillator.
(1)
Note. A gaseous space discharge device is a device having
at least two electrodes in a gas or vapor medium and whereby a flow
of electricity results between the electrodes when the gas or vapor
is ionized.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable
Electrodes, appropriate subclasses, for systems wherein the
discharge device is the ultimate load of the system and is of the
consumable electrode type (e.g., arc lamp).
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, appropriate subclasses, for systems wherein the
gaseous space discharge device is the ultimate load of the system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter wherein the gaseous space discharge device
comprises at least two electrodes usually in an unconfined gas or
vapor medium, the discharge therebetween being of the nature of
a sudden disruptive breakdown of the medium (i.e., spark) as distinguished
from an arc, glow or brush discharges, which discharges are of much
longer duration.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable
Electrodes, appropriate subclasses, for systems wherein the
discharge device is of the open arc, consumable electrode type (e.g.,
arc lamp) and wherein the device is the ultimate load of the system.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 112+ for electronic tube current conversion systems
(D.C.-A.C., A.C.-D.C.) of the open arc device (e.g., spark gap)
type, and subclasses 166+ for frequency conversion systems
utilizing an open arc device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter wherein the gaseous space discharge device
is utilized to impulse a resonant circuit of the lumped LC type,
which current is then permitted to oscillate freely at its natural frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Oscillators for generating nonsinusoidal waves which are
cyclic in nature and wherein each cycle consists of a period determined
by the charging time of a capacitor or inductor of the oscillator
followed by a period determined by the discharging time of the capacitor
or inductor through a resistor element, the means for controlling
the charge or discharge of the capacitor or inductor being of the
gaseous space discharge type of the oscillator.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for relaxation systems utilizing nonlinear reactors
and which are not of the free-running type.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous relaxation circuits
and
subclasses 185+ for such circuits which may utilize a stable state
circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Oscillators wherein the capacitor or inductor charge or
discharge means consists of more than a single gaseous space discharge
device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Oscillators wherein an electron tube or other unilaterally
conducting device is included in the charging circuit or path of
the capacitor or inductor.
NEGATIVE RESISTANCE OR NEGATIVE TRANSCONDUCTANCE OSCILLATOR
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Oscillators wherein the oscillator comprises a two-terminal
negative resistance device connected to a tuned circuit, the absolute
magnitude of the negative resistance being less than the resonant
impedance of the tuned circuit.
(1)
Note. A negative resistance is a two-terminal device having
a volt-ampere characteristic with negative slope over the range
of voltages or currents wherein it is operative, that is, an increase
in voltage results in a decrease in current, or vice versa. The
term "negative resistance" as employed herein
comprehends devices designated as the "negative transconductance" type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Oscillators wherein the negative resistance device relies
on the phenomenon of secondary emission to produce the negative
resistance effect. Usually the negative resistance device is of
the dynatron type wherein the screen grid of a tetrode is biased
more positively than the anode thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Oscillators wherein the negative resistance device comprises
a multigrid tube employing a retarding field to produce negative
transconductance between two grids of the tube, which grids are
usually coupled by a capacitor or a bias source.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Oscillators systems comprising a feedback amplifier having
a predetermined phase shift between the input and output voltages thereof,
the feedback path including a passive phase shifting network for
providing a phase shift of such amount to cause the oscillator system
to generate sustained oscillations.
(1)
Note. Oscillator systems in this subclass rely on achieving
proper phase shift between input and output voltages of the system
by a nonresonant passive phase shifting network to produce oscillations and
should be distinguished from those oscillators, classified elsewhere
in this class, whose frequency is determined by the resonant properties
of an LC type resonator.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 138+ for delay networks, per se, for retarding wave energy
a predetermined period of time over a range of frequencies.
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Oscillators wherein the amplifier and the passive phase
shifting network each have a total phase shift of zero degrees.
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Oscillators wherein the amplifier and the passive phase
shifting network each have a total phase shift other than zero or
360 degrees, and wherein the passive phase shifting network is of
the ladder-type consisting only of resistive and capacitive components.
Usually the amplifier and the passive phase shifting network each
have a total phase shift of 180 degrees.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Oscillators wherein the frequency determining element of
the oscillator consists of a feedback network of the balanced lattice
or similar type having two pairs of conjugately related terminals,
one pair of terminals being connected to the output circuit and
the other pair of terminals being connected to the input circuit
of the active element of the oscillator, the arrangement being such
that regeneration occurs only at a desired frequency, energy at all
other frequencies being attenuated due to degeneration.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 117+ for hybrid networks for connecting two or more circuits
in conjugate relation, subclasses 169+ for wave filters
of the lattice type, and subclasses 170+ for wave filters
of the bridged-T type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Oscillators wherein the feedback network includes a piezoelectric
crystal for determining the generated frequency of the oscillator.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclasses 311+ for piezoelectric devices and systems not elsewhere classified,
and note under SEARCH CLASS of Class 310 subclass 311, the extensive
list of classes relating to piezoelectric crystals and systems utilizing
crystals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Oscillators wherein the feedback network includes only capacitance
and resistance elements or inductance and resistance elements for
determining the generated frequency of the oscillator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Oscillators wherein the feedback network lattice comprises
two pure resistance arms and two impedance arms, one impedance arm including
a series-connected capacitor and resistor and the other impedance
arm including a parallel-connected capacitor and resistor, positive
feedback being obtained through the impedance arms and negative
feedback through the pure resistance arms. These oscillators are
generally known as Wien bridge type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Oscillators wherein the feedback network comprises two T
networks connected in parallel, one T network consisting of two
resistors in series with a capacitor connected to the common connection
of the resistor, the other T network consisting of two capacitors
in series with a resistor connected to the common connection of
the capacitors.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Oscillators for generating nonsinusoidal waves which are
cyclic in nature and wherein each cycle consists of a period determined
by the charging time of a capacitor or inductor followed by a period
determined by the discharging time of the capacitor or inductor
through a resistive element.
(1)
Note. Relaxation oscillators to be classified herein must
be free-running. Nonfree-running relaxation oscillators are classified
in Class 327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits,
and Systems.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for nonlinear reactor type and subclass 132 for
free-running electromagnetic circuit maker and breaker type pulse producers.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous relaxation circuits
and
subclasses 185+ for such circuits which may utilize a stable state
circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter, wherein the relaxation oscillator comprises
at least two discharge paths of the active element type, the output
of each being coupled to the input of the other, at least one of
the couplings including a resistance-capacitance or resistance-inductance
network, the arrangement being such that the two discharge paths
are caused to be actuated cyclically, the time constant of the network determining
the fundamental frequency of the oscillator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter wherein the multivibrator includes an additional
network for coupling to the oscillator a source, usually periodic
of synchronizing or triggering potential to drive or lock the period
of the freely running multivibrator to the period of the source
or to some multiple or submultiple thereof.
for oscillators of the automatic frequency controlled
type wherein the oscillator frequency is synchronized with a standard
or reference frequency source.
![[Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 331]](../as.gif)
CLASS 331,![[List of Patents for class 331 subclass 1]](../ps.gif)
1