Class Definition for Class 293

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CLASS 293,	VEHICLE FENDERS
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

Devices attached to vehicles--such as automobiles, railway-cars, or locomotives--for the purpose of removing persons and animals from the path of a moving vehicle or of catching and retaining the same or for receiving or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects.

SECTION II - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

114,	Ships, subclasses 219+ for shipboard fenders.
280,	Land Vehicles, subclasses 727+ for miscellaneous vehicle attachments resembling fenders (e.g., plant spreaders, dust and mud guards).
405,	Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclasses 212+ for fenders for marine structures.

SUBCLASSES

1	MISCELLANEOUS
	Devices not falling properly into any of the following subclasses.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 2]

WITH CAR CONTROL

Fenders interconnected in operation with car controlling elements.

(1) Note. During the reclassification of former subclasses 91+ of Class 180, Motor Vehicles, now subclasses 274+ thereof, it was not possible to review the art of this area (subclasses 2+) to determine if a conflict exists between the two areas.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

180,	Motor Vehicles, subclasses 274+ for a motor vehicle provided with a safety-promoting means which is responsive to the engagement of a portion of the perimeter (e.g., fender) of the vehicle with an external object, and see (1) Note of this subclass (2).

3	Cable grip
	The operation of the fender is concurrent with releasing device for a cable-grip.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 4]

Electric circuit

The fender operation is interconnected with an electric switch which relates to the control of the car movement.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

180,

Motor Vehicles, subclass 279 for a motor vehicle provided with a safety-promoting means which is responsive to the engagement of a portion of the perimeter (e.g., a fender) of the vehicle with an external object and wherein the response interrupts an electrical system of the vehicle or its motor, and see (1) Note of subclass 2 above.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 5]

Fluid brake

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Movable fender devices interconnected with the operation of a fluid brake system for the car.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

180,

Motor Vehicles, subclasses 275+ for a motor vehicle provided with a safety-promoting means which is responsive to the engagement of a portion of the perimeter (e.g., a fender) of the vehicle with an external object and wherein the response applies one or more braking devices on the vehicle, and see (1) Note of subclass 2 above.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 6]

Track brake

The operation of a track or rail brake is connected up with the fender operation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

180,	Motor Vehicles, subclasses 275+ as explained in the reference thereto appearing in subclass 5 above, and see especially indented subclass 276.

7	Chock block
	A wedge or chock-block engages both the wheel and rail and is connected in operation with the fender.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 8]

Wheel shoe

Brake-shoes for the car-wheels connected for operation with a fender.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

180,	Motor Vehicles, subclasses 275+ as explained in the reference thereto appearing in subclass 5 above.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 9]

MOTOR ACTUATED

Motors, usually pneumatic, for fender operation.

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10	Electric
	Electric motors and electromagnets for fender operation and control.

11	CAR AXLE-ACTUATED
	Driving connections from a car axis or wheel for fender operation. This does not include such devices for the rotary subclasses 17 to 20.

12	DIRIGIBLE
	Devices under the control of the motorman for causing the fender to follow a curved track in a changeable angular relation to the car.

13	Automatic
	Automatic devices connected to the front truck of a car or knuckles of an automobile to laterally direct the fender.

14	CAR AND TRUCK EQUALIZER
	The interconnection of the fender with the truck and car-body is such as to eliminate excessive vertical oscillation of the fender.

15	BODY TRAPS
	Boxes, gripping-pads, and wings for catching and retaining a body.

16	Lateral closure
	Twin body-grasping members move in horizontal planes.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 17]

ROTARY

Rotary drums and rollers for engaging bodies and moving them to a safe position.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

492,	Roll or Roller, for a roll, per se, not elsewhere provided for, and see the notes thereunder.

18	Diverging rolls
	Two driven rolls which in plan form a V diverging from the front toward the rear.

19	Horizontal wheel of vehicle width
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Apparatus comprising a horizontal wheel arranged in front of the car and having a diameter substantially that of car-truck width.

20	Endless belts
	One or more endless body-engaging belts form all or a portion of the car-fender.

21	SIDE PROJECTOR
	Oscillating or reciprocatory devices for positively moving bodies transversely and to one side of the track.

22	Twin sections
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21. except that a pair of projectors are used, one for each side of the track.

23	Single tilter
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21. except that a member arranged transversely of the vehicle end is designed to yield rearwardly at one end to effect the shunting of the body from the track.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 24]

FORWARD PROJECTOR

Fenders which are projected forwardly when a body is to be engaged.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

11,

25	Spring-acutated
	Fenders in which a spring-power is used for projecting the fender forwardly.

26	Plunger type
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25. except that the fender is thrust forward by spring-actuated plungers, the spring being concentric with the plunger.

27	LAZY TONGS
	Fenders of lazy-tongs form.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 28]

REAR-SLIDE STORAGE

Fenders which are adapted to slide rearwardly under a car-platform to get them out of the way when not in use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

24,	25 and 26.

29	Folding upright
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28. with the addition of a vertical foldable fender hinged to the sliding fender.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 30]

DOUBLE-ENDER INTERCONNECTED

Bumpers at opposite ends of a vehicle interconnected through their mounting means so that impact on one is absorbed by the mounting means of both.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

126,	for bumpers extending entirely around a vehicle.

31	DASH AND WHEEL
	A fender at the front of or on the dashboard of a car which may uphold a body and wheel-guard fender under a car-platform. The dash-fender usually controls the wheel-guard fender.

32	Front-lift back drop
	The front fender element lifts up usually by a body passing thereunder, which results in the tripping of the wheel-fender, so that the body may be caught therein.

33	Trip gate
	A vertically-depending trip-gate is located between the dash and wheel fenders, so that a body not caught by the dash-fender will operate the trip-gate and drop the wheel-fender.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 34]

DROP FENDER

A fender caused to drop to the lowered position by the operator working a hand-lever or foot-pedal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

35,

35	Trip gate
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34. except that a depending trip-gate controls the drop-fender.

36	Contact on fender
	The drop-fender is operated by direct contact with a body or through a contactor, such as a rope or trigger-bar, connected to the front end of the drop-fender.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 37]

Buffer trip

Drop-fenders having a body-contact trip, which is a buffer separate from the drop-fender--that is, the buffer does not drop with the drop-fender.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

31,

and 32.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 38]

FRONT BARRIER

Fenders adapted to catch a body and a front barrier to retain the body, so that it will not fall from the front of the fender.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

15,

39	Tilting receiver
	The fender has a tilting floor or receiver which tilts downward toward the rear to retain the body.

40	Net tension-operated
	The fender has an inclined front net, which on receiving a body pulls up the front end of the fender to retain the body.

41	RELEASABLE UPRIGHT APRON
	An upright apron drops toward the track or may be extended upwardly away from the track or may be expanded both upwardly and downwardly.

42	SCOOP TYPE
	Fenders of general scoop type not otherwise classified.

43	Wheeled
	Fenders of scoop type carried at all times on wheels traveling on the rails.

44	Hinged
	Fenders of scoop type pivotally mounted at the rear or top.

45	Folding
	Hinged scoop-fenders adapted to fold up in front of the vehicle.

46	Net roller
	Inclined-net folding fenders with a roller for winding up the net.

47	Swing-link
	Scoop-fender supported by swinging links.

48	PILOT TYPE
	Fenders of locomotive-pilot shape, usually intended to deflect the body to the side of the track.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 49]

Roller front

The front of the fender is provided with loose rollers adapted to facilitate the passage of the body to the side of the track.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

124,	for bar type buffers with rollers.

50	FOLDABLE SIDE WINGS
	The fender is provided with wings adapted to be extended laterally from each side of the fender.

53	RAKE TOOTH
	The body-engaging member is formed of a plurality of fingers or long teeth.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 58]

WHEEL TREAD

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Individual wheel-guards extending downwardly in front of each front wheel to clear objects from the path of the wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

172,	Earth Working, subclasses 810+ and 297 for earth working apparatus which may include an earth working tool in front of a vehicle wheel.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 102]

102

BUFFER OR BUMPER TYPE:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices being bumper means having an impact member comprising bars, plates, or other barrier structure attached to the vehicle body, frame, or other parts for the purpose of fending off blows from other vehicles or objects.

(1) Note. This and indented subclasses include combinations of claimed specific bumper structure and such vehicle structure (e.g., panel, door, etc.) which is modified specifically to accommodate the bumper or such vehicle structure with which a bumper otherwise has a specific cooperative relationship.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

15,	Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 45 for carpet sweepers having bumper means attached thereto.
52,	Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 633+ for a grille, per se, consisting of either a perforated sheet, plural members held at spaced intervals, or a single elongated member shaped to define an area; and subclasses 656.8 and 716.5+ for an in situ attached channel or a trim strip.
165,	Heat Exchange, subclass 98 for a radiator with an adjustable face covering means.
180,	Motor Vehicles, subclass 68.6 for vehicles having radiator protectors. See also subclasses 274+ for a motor vehicle provided with a safety promoting means which is responsive to the engagement of a portion of the perimeter of the vehicle (e.g., fender) with an external object.
213,	Railway Draft Appliances, subclass 9 for cushioned draft appliances combined with car end buffer means; and subclasses 220+ for car end bumpers of buffers.
267,	Spring Devices, for fluid and other types of springs, as found, for example, in subclass 116 and 139+ useful in the construction of a bumper for a vehicle.
280,	Land Vehicles, subclass 481 for articulated vehicles having means by which one vehicle push another vehicle. Also see subclasses 415.1, 491.1+, 500+, and 505 for articulated vehicles having means which may include bumper structure or modification thereof for the purpose of interconnecting the vehicles. See subclass 770 for vehicle attachments designed to protect a particular part of the vehicle from externally caused damage.

103	Having means maintaining bumper distance above road:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device having means for mounting the bumper means on a vehicle so that as the vehicle body moves vertically because of irregular road or ground conditions or because of acceleration or deceleration, a constant spacing is maintained between the road and said bumper means.

104	Vibration dampening type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device wherein the bumper means particularly constructed, either by inherent design or by the attachment of additional elements (e.g., spring), so that, as a unit, the bumper means tends to dampen shimmy or other undesirable vibration which develops in the moving vehicle.

105	For use on two or three wheel cycle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device particularly constructed for attachment to bicycles, tricycles, or motorcycles.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 106]

106

Having a storage compartment:

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device having container means for liquids, gases, or solids for transportation or storage and means for removing the contents of said container means.

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107+,

for bumpers having means for containing a liquid in gas in the impact member for the purpose of absorbing an impact force on the bumper.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

224,	Package and Article Carriers, subclasses 489+ , and 512+ for auxiliary luggage carriers attachable to bumpers.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 107]

107

Having fluid means within impact means to absorb energy:

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Devices wherein the impact member has gas or liquid confined therein by a means which takes advantage of the properties of said gas or liquid to absorb the force of impact of said member.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

106,	for bumpers having means which may be used for storing and transporting materials such as gases or liquids.
134,	for bumpers having fluid shock absorbers interposed between the impact member and the vehicle structure.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 108]

108

Bumper guard:

This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Device in which the liquid or gas is confined in an additional force impact receiving means which is attached to the main force impact receiving means or to some other part of the vehicle and the function of the additional means is to protect a limited portion only of the main impact receiving means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

115,	146+, 149+, for structures which are an addition to the main impact member and which may also be directly impacted by other objects.

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280,	Land Vehicles, subclasses 500+ and 505 for impact bar guards designed to serve as trailer hitches.

109	Foam filled impact means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Device in which the liquid-or gas-confining means is a cellular spongy material usually made from plastic, rubber, or like substances.

110	Compartmented impact means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Device in which the gas or liquid is confined in relatively large isolated compartments or in compartments having means permitting flow or the gas or liquid between compartments to thereby absorb the force of impact.

111.1

With vehicle jack:

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device having, in combination therewith, jack means movable between an inoperative position and an operation positions, for the purpose of lifting a vehicle, or a part thereof, off of the surface on which the vehicle is supported.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

254,	Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, subclass 133 for a vehicle jack wherein significance is attributed to the interface between the jack and the bumper; and subclasses 418+ for a jack attached to a vehicle at a place other than the bumper.
280,	Land Vehicles, subclass 763.1 for a land vehicle having an attached prop, support or stabilizer.

112	With means to deflect road debris:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device having shields, plates, or other means attached thereto for the purpose of fending off stones and other matter thrown from the roadway by the vehicle when moving.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 113]

113

Having vehicle exhaust pipe receiving means or air scoop opening:

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device constructed with an opening therein which has the function either to provide a passage therethrough of (a) vehicle engine exhaust gases or the conduit carrying said exhaust gases or (b) air forced therethrough as the result of the motion of the vehicle through the ambient.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

180,	Motor Vehicles, subclass 89.2 , 296, and 309 for a motor vehicle provided with means for handling the exhaust of its motor.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 114]

114

With outrigger means extendable laterally from bumper:

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device having means which may be extended from the bumper and laterally beyond the confines of the vehicle body for the purpose of providing an outrigger to prevent overturning the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

119,	for a bumper impact member in which all or a section thereof may be moved in a horizontal place between a plurality of operative positions by means other than when impacted by another object.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 115]

115

With grille or radiator guard:

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device having attached thereto or integral therewith structure designed to be located forward of the vehicle radiator for the purpose of bending off objects which may otherwise damage said radiator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

142+,

for guards which may be attached to the bumper impact means for the purpose of protecting a portion of the bumper and which may extend beyond the vertical limits of said bumper.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

52,	Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 633+ for vehicle grilles or radiator guards, per se.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 116]

116

Convertible:

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device which by adjustment or relative rearrangement of its parts, or by the addition or omission of a part, is so changed as to become basic subject matter of another class.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

280,	Land Vehicles, subclass 415.1 for articulated vehicles having bumpers which may be converted to towing means.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 117]

117

Combined:

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device combined with a device classified outside this class definition and not provided for in other classes or in other subclasses in this class.

(1) Note. In this subclass, for example, are combinations of bumpers with road brushes, bottle openers, switches, signs, lights, tool supports, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

40,	Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclasses 204+ for signs or license plates mounted on bumpers where bumper structure is not claimed beyond that necessary to mount the reflector.
70,	Locks, subclasses 237+ for bumpers combined with means for locking the wheels against steering.
280,	Land Vehicles, subclass 830 for bumpers combined with tank truck dispensing means; and subclasses 500+ and 505 for land vehicles combined with bumpers which form or carry a hitch element for connecting another vehicle.
343,	Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, subclasses 711+ for antennas combined with, having a part of or common with, a vehicle bumper.
359,	Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclasses 515+ for signal reflectors which can be mounted on a vehicle bumper where bumper structure is not claimed beyond that necessary to mount the reflector.
361,	Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses 212+ for discharging or preventing accumulation of electric charge.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 118]

118

Shiftable between operative and inoperative positions other than by impact:

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device having impact members or portions thereof that may be (a) shifted between operative and inoperative position or (b) carried in two or more alternative positions relative to the vehicle.

(1) Note. The alternative positions include other than a normal impact position such as an extended packing guard position, a nonuse position including those permitting access to the vehicle or parts thereof behind the bumper, and those facilitating release of interengaged objects, positions close to the ground, or inverted positions involving more than a mere adjustment of the mounting means to bring the impact member into a desired permanent position.

(2) Note. Yielding or yieldably mounted bumpers that move only upon frontal impact with an object are classified elsewhere in this class.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

107+,	124, 129, and 132, for yielding or yieldably mounted bumpers that move only upon frontal impact with an object.
140,	for bumper means mounted for vertical adjustment on the vehicle spring horn.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

224,	Package and Article Carriers, subclasses 495+ for combined tire carriers and movable section bumpers.
280,	Land Vehicles, subclass 415.1 for bumpers which may be converted into towing means; and subclass 491.1+ for draft means on a vehicle which may be retracted and serve as a bumper.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 119]

119

Horizontally movable to plural operative positions other than by impact:

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device in which the impact member or a portion thereof is mounted on the vehicle so that it may be slid or swung horizontally and longitudinally of the vehicle from one operative position to another operative position by means other than when impacted by another object.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

114,	for an impact member combined with an outrigger means which is extendable from the member to a position laterally of the vehicle.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 120]

120

Composite bumper:

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device in which the impact member is constructed of a plurality of diverse substances permanently and rigidly interconnected to form a unitary device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

106,	for a bumper impact member useable to store a material for transportation thereof.
107+,	for bumper impact means wherein one of the diverse materials is capable of confining a gas or liquid for the purpose of absorbing the force of an impact.
142,	for guards for bumper impact members which comprise a narrow strip of material attached to the bumper and extending longitudinally thereon which is designed to protect a small portion of the impact member against impact.

121	Covered metal bar:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Device in which one of the materials from which the impact member is constructed is a solid metallic bar and having a diverse material completely encasing said bar.

122	Hollow cylinder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Device in which one of the materials from which the impact member is constructed is in the form of a tube.

123	Vertically extending only:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device in which the impact member of members are exclusively vertical in orientation.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 124]

124

Flexible cord or coil spring:

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device having an impact member comprising chain, rope, wire, elongated rubber member, or coiled spring.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

24,	Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., subclasses 115+ for cord and rope holders.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 125]

125

Having roller impact member:

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device wherein the impact member comprises rotatable means which is free to rotate when impacted.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

49,	for fenders having rollers for guiding engaged bodies out of the path of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

114,	Ships, subclass 220 for roller fenders on ships.

[List of Patents for class 293 subclass 126]

126

Bumper extends along side of vehicle:

This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device which is designed to fend a blow to the side of a vehicle to which it is attached.

(1) Note. Fore and aft end bumpers which merely project around the vehicle corner and are not attached to the sides are classified on other features.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

52,	Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 716.5+ for an in situ attached channel or trim strip of more general application which may be disclosed or defined as used with a vehicle.
280,	Land Vehicles, subclasses 847+ for rub strips and moldings combined with vehicle bodies and mudguards.
296,	Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclass 41 for wear strips.

127	And completely encircles vehicle: