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CLASS 228,	METAL FUSION BONDING
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This is a residual class for metal fusion bonding as defined in this definition.

For placement of a patent in this class, its claimed disclosure should meet the minimum requirements of the class definition, and should not extend beyond the boundaries indicated in Scope of the Class, below, and discussed in Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class.

Terms followed by an asterisk (*) in the definitions are defined in the Glossary, below.

This class provides for an apparatus for or a method of joining the meeting faces of juxtaposed or engaged metal work parts or of the same part originally in a form-sustaining state, by the direct application of heat and/or mechanical energy to either of: (a) such work parts, to such an extent as to effect a flowing or blending together of some of the metal in neighboring regions of said work parts into a continuous metallic zone interconnecting said work parts, or (b) such work parts and a metallic filler, to such an extent as to effect a flowing or blending together of the filler and some of the metal of said work portions into a continuous metallic zone interconnecting said work portions with filler and thus with each other.

Additionally, this class provides for methods of joining a metal work part to a juxtaposed or engaged nonmetal work part wherein bonding there between is effected by intermingling of the molecules of the metal part with the nonmetal part; and for methods of joining juxtaposed or engaged nonmetal work parts when utilizing metallic cement.

SCOPE OF THE CLASS

Placement of an original patent into Class 228 may be made on the basis of a claim reciting means for or the step of applying to work portions energy in the form of: (1) heat; (2) pressure; and/or (3) vibratory energy, provided that there is a teaching that a metal fusion bonded product is produced by the applied energy.

Also see Class 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

Class 228 includes patents disclosing and claiming certain steps or instrumentalities useful for a proper operation of fusion bonding which are partially listed as follows: (1) a metallic heat applicator (subclasses 51+); (2) seam back-up means (subclass 50 and subclass 216); (3) specialized solder pot (subclass 56); (4) solder form (subclass 56).

A patent claiming closing of a minute opening in a single workpiece (e.g., tipping) is proper subject matter for Class 228, in that the periphery of a single work opening is considered to constitute meeting faces of a single work part as required by the definition of this class. Coating of a work part which may, incidentally, cover small openings in the part is not considered to be proper subject matter for this class.

RELATIONSHIP TO CLASSES INVOLVING, PER SE, METAL FUSION BONDING

Classes Of Article Making

Generally a patent claiming making of a particular article will be found in the appropriate class directed to making of that article except that a patent claiming performing a single fusion bonding operation is placed in this class (228). Fusion bonding combined with additional operations which are considered to be ancillary to the bonding (e.g., preheating, positioning for bonding, or pretinning) will also be found in this class (228).

Examples of such classes providing for the manufacture of particular articles may be found in References to Other Classes, below.

Because of the technology in the making of semiconductor and related devices, certain art terms used to designate operations specially recognized in that discipline are listed below which, when combined with fusion bonding, will cause placement of a patent in Class 29, Metal Working, and Class 438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, particularly subclasses 26+, 51, 55, 64+, and 106+ for methods of packaging a semiconductor device and subclasses 455+ for laminating or bonding plural semiconductor substrates; see the search notes thereunder.

(1) Diffusion (not diffusion bonding)

(2) Assembling two semiconductors for an electrical function (Note that each semiconductor may be, for example, a player, an n layer, a chain of p or n layers or a laminated article of p and n layers).

(3) Shaping a metal layer to form a conductor.

(4) Cutting

(5) Assembling other than to bond (i.e., other than juxtapose)

(6) Bonding to create a junction

(7) Doping

Also see References to Other Classes, below, for specific search notes to the following:

The Class Of Wireworking

The Class Of Metal Casting

The Class Of Electric Fusion Bonding

RELATIONSHIP TO COMBINATION CLASSES

A patent claiming a combination of metal fusion bonding with a different operation, whether manufacturing or nonmanufacturing, is proper subject matter for Class 228, except as specifically noted in the search notes in References to Other Classes, below, relating to the following combination classes:

The Class Of Package Making

The Classes Including Post-fusion Treatment

RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER CLASSES

The Heating Classes:

Placement of a patent claiming heating is in the appropriate heating class, even though the sole disclosed application of the heat is in the production of a metal fusion-bonded product of this class (228). In this connection, the term "heating" includes the usually accepted auxiliary means or step such as supporting or holding material to be heated, or causing or permitting relative movement between the material and the heating means.

But if, in addition to the above recited heating structure or step, a claim recites a means to further metal fusion bonding, placement is in this class (228). Examples of such claimed limitations are: (a) moving or guiding one work part relative to another work part, into a position for mutual fusion bonding; (b) forcing or urging one work portion against another work portion at the immediate zone of fusion; or (c) moving or guiding flux or filler.

A claim to the combination of a Class 228 application (e.g., "soldering") with supplying of heat to such applicator is considered to define heating, proper for one of the heating classes (see paragraph 4, below), even though details of the applicator are also recited, such as: (a.) its alloy composition or its shape; or (b) adjusting such applicator relative to its support.

"Means for supplying heat" may be, for example, nothing more elaborate or detailed than a claimed pair of terminals for connection of the applicator to an electrical circuit. See References to Other Classes, below, for examples of classes providing for heating.

The Work Handling Or Product Handling Classes:

The placement of patents claiming handling work for, or product of, a metal fusion bonding operation, and also claiming fusion bonding is in this class (228) except where the fusion bonding is recited by name only, i.e., in terms that name but do not describe any characteristics of a metal fusion bonding operation. The so excepted patents are placed in appropriate classes related to material handling, per se. See References to Other Classes, below, for examples of classes providing for handling the work or product of a fusion bonding operation.

See References to Other Classes, below, for specific search notes to the following classes:

The Classes Of Coating

The Class Of Adhesive Bonding

The Class Of Static Structures

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SECTION IV - GLOSSARY

APPLICATOR

A device by or through which heat, pressure, vibratory energy, flux* and/or filler* may be applied directly to the work*.

FILLER

A metallic material to be applied to the work in order to join meeting face* together and become an integral part of the product*.

FLUX

A nonmetallic material to be applied to the work in order to: (1) shield the work from atmospheric oxygen or other harmful gases, (2) chemically remove oxides or other films, or (3) otherwise augment bonding.

MEETING FACE

That portion of a work part* intended to abut and be fusion bonded to another similar portion of the same or another work part.

METAL

Material which may be subjected to an operation of the class type; an elemental metal or alloy of mixture of metals in self-shape-sustaining state (i.e., not molten, gaseous, or powdered).

PRODUCT

Solid material or article after an operation of the class type has been performed thereon.

ROLLER

A tangible instrumentality having a peripheral surface which is generated by a line revolving about an axis, said instrumentality being disclosed as revolving about said axis so that successive peripheral portions thereof cyclically move into and out of engagement with a generally planar surface of another member, with relative movement occurring between said axis and the planar surface along a direction parallel to the planar surface, thereby producing a relative rolling motion between the roller surface and the planar surface as contrasted with a sliding motion, (i.e., the surfaces move in the same direction at substantially the same linear speed so that there is no relative linear movement between the roller surface and the planar surface at point of engagement).

ROLLER-LIKE MEMBER

A tangible rotating instrumentality having a peripheral surface with some, but not all, of the characteristics of a roller*.

WORK

Material which is intended to be subjected to a treatment of the class type.

WORK PART

An article to be subjected to the class type operation.

SUBCLASSES

1.1	MEANS TO APPLY VIBRATORY SOLID-STATE BONDING ENERGY (E.G., ULTRASONIC, ETC.) TO WORK:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device for subjecting work to an oscillation having a cyclic frequency within or above that of audible sound, which oscillation is disclosed as effecting fusion-bonding by a scrubbing type action of two work parts in intimate contact thereby tending to disrupt any bond inhibiting substances therebetween. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 18, for means for causing vibratory motion in either the work or an applicator for the purpose of cleaning the work or applicator. 44.3, for means for applying continuous pressure to work parts without the application of ultrasonic energy. 56.2, for a solder pot or bath provided with means to apply ultrasonic energy to liquid flux or filler. 110.1+, for the process of metallurgically bonding by the effect of vibration. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 72,  Metal Deforming,   subclass 56 , for a method of or apparatus for, deforming metal by the application of kinetic energy of fluid or field. 148,  Metal Treatment,   particularly subclass 558 for a process of treating solid or semi-solid metal with high frequency vibration.

2.1	INCLUDING MEANS TO PROVIDE HEAT BY FRICTION BETWEEN RELATIVELY MOVING SURFACES (I.E., FRICTION WELDER):
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device having means for causing motion, one with respect to the other, of either (a) two mutually engaging work portions or (b) a work portion and a work-engaging, tangible instrumentality, which rubbing contact generates heat sufficient to produce a flow of the metal work portion(s) for subsequent fusion bonding. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 112.1+, for a method of fusion bonding using frictional heat.

2.3	Means to rotate one surface relative to the other about a fixed axis:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1.  Device wherein the relative movement comprises rotation of one of the surfaces about a line passing generally normally therethrough. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 114.5, for a method of fusion bonding including heating of the work by rotating one surface relative to another. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 72,  Metal Deforming,   subclasses 67+ for a device for deforming work turning about an axis by causing relative rubbing motion between such work and a tool.

2.5	EXPLOSIVE WELDING MEANS
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device including means to release a high energy shock wave and cause the energy released to directly engage the meeting face of a work part and thereby cause that face to intimately engage and become united with the corresponding face of another work part. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 107, for the process of bonding by release of explosive energy.

3.1	MEANS TO BOND BY APPLYING ONLY PRESSURE (E.G., FOR COLD WELDING, ETC.)
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device having means for applying a mechanical force to the meeting faces* of two work parts to produce a fusion bond at said area without the aid of any other force or energy (e.g., heat). (1) Note. A patent disclosing the bonding of work heated to any degree above and beyond room temperature is excluded herefrom. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 44.3+, for a device for applying pressure to work which has been or is being heated. 115+, for a method of bonding by pressure alone. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 72,  Metal Deforming,   subclasses 199+ , for a roller or roller-like tool-element for deforming metal work; and see the search notes thereto. 81,  Tools,   subclasses 300+ , for pliers of general utility. 100,  Presses,   for a press of general utility. 173,  Tool Driving or Impacting,   subclasses 90+ , for an impacting device of general utility. 492,  Roll or Roller,   for a roll, per se, not elsewhere provided for, and see the notes thereunder.

4.1	WITH MEANS TO JUXTAPOSE AND BOND PLURAL WORKPIECES
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device, having means for causing relative movement between separate workpieces to position such workpieces in adjacency or engagement and means for fusion bonding one of said workpieces to the other, forming more than one distinct bonded joint. (1) Note. Multiple "spot" welds along a single pair of meeting faces are not considered to be distinct for this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 15+, and 49.1+, for a fusion bonding device having means for juxtaposing two portions of a single workpiece. 178+, for a process of forming plural metallurgical joints. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 33+ , for the combination of apparatus for producing a fusion bonded product plus apparatus using such product as work in subsequent assembling operation; subclasses 700+, for apparatus for assembling, per se; subclasses 428+, for a corresponding method; and see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, The Classes Including Post-Fusion Treatment, in this class (228).

4.5	Wire lead bonder
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1.  Device including means to metallurgically unite a first part to an additional part(s) at first and second points on the first part to transmit electrical energy from the additional part(s) with respect thereto. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 179.1+, for a process of making an electrical device involving plural bonds.

5.1	With means to treat workpieces (e.g., cutting, deforming, etc.)
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1.  Device including an instrumentality capable of altering some property, characteristic, or condition of at least one workpiece before it has become a part of a fusion-bonded product*. (1) Note. The alteration, for example, may include cleaning, cutting, deforming, insulation stripping, etc., before bonding.

5.5	Including compliant cushioning medium
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1.  Device including a flexible member generally adapted to conform to the surface behind the meeting face of one of the parts and distribute energy from a power supply to that surface and cause the meeting faces to be united. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 106, for the process of bonding including use of a compliant cushioning medium.

5.7	Strip leading end to trailing end bonder
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1.  Device particularly adapted to cut to shape and unite the rear longitudinal extent of a first web or work to the front longitudinal extent of a second web to form a product of the combined length of the webs.

6.1	Plural discrete workpieces:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1.  Device which juxtaposes workpieces, all of whose dimensions are determinable. (1) Note. This subclass excludes means for bonding material of indeterminate length; e.g., forming bimetallic strip, by rolling laminae together, welding wire (from a reel) onto a workpiece, etc. Patents to means for bonding such workpieces are found in subclass 4.1.

6.2	With electrical connection made at joint:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1.  Apparatus wherein the discrete workpieces are electrical devices such that the bonded joint provides and electrically conductive path therebetween. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 44.7, for apparatus for forcing work parts together one of which is an electrical device.

7	WITH MACHINE PART RESPONSIVE TO TEMPLATE OR PATTERN OR TO INDICIA CARRIED BY AUXILIARY RECORD (E.G., TAPE, CARD, ETC.)
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device provided with detection means for sensing a particular shape, dimension of property of (e.g., holes, indentations, marks, magnetic or optical characteristics, etc.) a tangible object temporarily presented to the device; and with mechanism, actuated by or responsive to the detection means, for regulating an operation of the device. (1) Note. Placement into this subclass requires the disclosure that the temporarily presented tangible object be capable of being exchanged with a different object, or its form be capable of being changed, for the purpose of performing a different or modified operation. Therefore, an integral part of a machine (e.g., cam) is not included even though there is a disclosure that the part may be removed from the machine for purposes of replacement with a like part. (2) Note. The tangible object, may be a workpiece, provided that the controlled operation is performed upon another workpiece. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 10+, for a device controlled by the presence or absence of work. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 83,  Cutting,   subclasses 76.1+ , for a cutting means provided with similar control apparatus. 226,  Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   subclass 9 , for material advancing means provided with similar control apparatus. 234,  Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching),   subclasses 59+ , for a pattern-controlled selective cutting machine. 901,  Robots,   subcollection 2+, for the controlling of a robot arm, particularly subcollection 10, for the guiding of the arm by direct contact with the work, and subcollection 42, for an art collection of welding robots.

8	WITH CONTROL MEANS RESPONSIVE TO SENSED CONDITION
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device including means for: (1) detecting any of the following characteristics: a state or property, a change in a state or property, or the occurrence of a predetermined event, in any of the following: the work, the product of a machine, the machine itself, any part of the machine, or the environment of the machine affecting the operation thereof; and (2) initiating (as a direct result of such detection) a force or energy impulse other than that generated or transmitted by the detecting means; and (3) regulating or modifying (as a direct result of such initiation) the operation of said machine. (1) Note. This definition requires a patent to claim at least four instrumentalities for original placement herein. One of these must be a fusion-bonding machine or a device (e.g., work feeder, work-heater, product-handler) necessary to the proximate function of fusion-bonding. The other three are: (a) a senser (e.g., photo-cell system, trip-lever, pressure diaphragm) to detect a condition as stated in (a) of the definition. (b) an activator (e.g., an element to make or break an electric circuit, a clutch, a valve) to cause a release of energy more than, or different from, that accounted for by mere change in condition (e.g., position or movement) of the senser while it is functioning; and (c) a controller (e.g., a motor or driver for said machine or device) to change or cause the operation of said machine or device. Therefore, a cam follower (or senser) directly linked to a controller, whereby follower movement directly effects controller movement, is not proper subject matter for this subclass due to lack of an activator as defined. On the other hand, disclosure of a cam follower that makes and breaks an electrical circuit that energizes a motor, may be placed herein. (2) Note. A voluntary act of the person operating the machine is not proper subject matter for this subclass. For example, disclosure of an on-off switch manipulated by an operative to start and/or stop the machine (even though the switch initiates a release of energy) is not included herein, but is placed on the basis of claimed features of the machines. (3) Note. The machine that is regulated by the control means is not limited to a fusion-bonding machine of this class. It can be another machine associated with the fusion-bonding machine if the claim reciting the combination of the other machine and fusion-bonding machine is acceptable for placement into this class (228). (4) Note. The control systems disclosed in the patents of this and indented subclasses are similar in concept to control systems of other classes (see the search notes below). The total operations and the claimed combinations are, of course, different, but the control systems, per se, found in the classes referenced in the search notes below are usually analogous to those herein, and may be applicable to the machines of this class (228). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 72,  Metal Deforming,   subclasses 6+ and see (4) Note, above. 83,  Cutting,   appropriate subclasses and see (4) Note, above. The notes to Class 83, subclass 399 summarize all the subclasses in Class 83 pertaining to "control" subclasses therein. 226,  Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   subclasses 10+ and see (4) Note above. 227,  Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus,   subclasses 2+ , for elongated member driving means provided with control apparatus.

9	Work-responsive (e.g., temperature, orientation of work, etc.)
	This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Device, whose detecting means is arranged to sense the presence, absence, size, temperature, or other property or condition of work associated with the device.

10	Presence of work
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Device whose detecting means is arranged to sense the presence or absence of a workpiece in the device.

11	To control feed of filler
	This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Device whose detecting means modifies or regulates the operation of means to move filler.

12	Responsive to position of work carrier
	This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Device comprising a work-holding device which conveys the work to or past a fusion-bonding device, the detecting means being arranged to sense the presence or absence of such work-holding device at a given location.

13	WITH MEANS TO CUT OR SEPARATE WORK, FILLER, FLUX, OR PRODUCT
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device including means for severing or dividing a portion of the work, filler, flux or product* from a large body thereof, thus changing at least one of the dimensions of such body.

14	Plus means to apply cut filler or cut flux to work
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Device including means for bringing work, and that portion of the filler or the flux which has been cut, into mutual engagement. (1) Note. Included in this subclass are patents disclosing melting of the cut filler or flux before application to the work.

15.1	WITH MEANS TO DEFORM WORK, FILLER, OR FLUX PORTION BEFORE FUSION
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device including means for deforming (and defined below) the work, filler, or flux wherein the deformation occurs prior to the fusion bonding. (1) Note. The term "deformation" for this subclass and the indented subclasses requires a permanent change in the shape or size of a member without removal of material therefrom. See the Class Definition and Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class in Class 72 for a definition of metal deformation. (2) Note. A single, integral instrumentality (e.g., welding bell, may be used to deform and then fuse the work. (3) Note. Placement into this subclass or the indented subclasses requires only that there be some deformation of a work part prior to fusion of that work part; the additional occurrence of simultaneous deformation is immaterial. For example, a patent to a device for making helical tubing, wherein a leading portion of a blank is deformed into a convolution of a tube and then fused to a following portion of the blank prior to the deformation of that following portion, is included herein. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 19+, for apparatus for deforming applied filler material. 141.1+, for the method of bonding combined with shaping. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 33+ , for the combination of apparatus for producing a fusion-bonded produce with apparatus using such product as work in a subsequent deforming operation. 72,  Metal Deforming,   for a metal deforming device, particularly subclasses 49+ , for production of a helical seam by deformation; subclasses 51+, for production of a longitudinal seam by deformation; subclass 66, for formation of a helical coil by means of a work-guide member orbiting about the longitudinal centerline of the formed coil; subclasses 135+, for formation of a helical coil by deflection running-length work; and subclasses 176+, for production of a longitudinal seam by deflecting running-length work. 219,  Electric Heating,   subclasses 128 , 149+, 603+, 633, and 765 for apparatus for electric fusion bonding and deforming.

16	By a funnel-shaped conduit (e.g., welding bell, etc.)
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.1.  Device having an open ended, tapered passageway, through which the work is moved in the direction of decreasing taper. (1) Note. The inner periphery of the conduit is closed or substantially closed along at least a portion of its length. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 72,  Metal Deforming,   subclasses 274+ , for a similar device for deforming metal without fusion-bonding.

17	By roller means
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.1.  Device wherein the deformation is directly caused by a roller* or a roller-like* member. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 19, for a roller for deforming applied filler material. 30, for a roller that accomplishes fusion-bonding itself, without producing any prior deformation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 72,  Metal Deforming,   subclass 50 , for formation of a helical seam by shaped deforming roll(s); and subclasses 199+, for a roller or roller-like tool-element for deforming work.

17.5	Comprising means forming one-piece blank into a tubular shape
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.1.  Device including means to shape or distort a single generally planar part to a cylindrical configuration and means to surface bond the meeting faces thereof. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 144+, for the method of uniting the margins of a one-piece blank.

17.7	Helical tubular shape
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.5.  Device including means to shape or distort a long attenuated web into a tubular coil to juxtapose the faces of opposite side edges along a line running spirally axially along the tube so formed, and means for bonding the resulting seam. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 145, for the method of forming a helically bonded tube.

18	COMBINED
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device to which has been added a sub-combination or assembly which is recognized as the subject matter of some other class. (1) Note. The subject matter of the specific subclasses herein following (19-56.5) are considered so basic to the operation characterizing this class that they are dealt with as manifestations of that operation, rather than as combinations. Thus, fusion-bonding devices with means to handle or cool work or product, or provided with gauge, indicator or stop, are considered to be so common in the art that they do not merit the special characterization of "combined". (2) Note. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Relationship to Combination Classes, for a statement of the line between combinations of apparatus proper for this class (228), and combinations appropriate to other classes. (3) Note. Many patents in this subclass are directed to apparatus for performing a metal fusion-bonding operation combined with apparatus for mechanically cleaning work or applicator. However, means for supplying an acid to the work is considered to be fluxing, even though a cleaning operation is also performed thereby. Patents claiming means for performing such an operation will be found in subclasses 33+. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 15,  Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,   for a cleaning device, per se. 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 33+ , for the combination of metal fusion-bonding apparatus with apparatus for performing a subsequent manufacturing treatment other than fusion bonding; and see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, The Classes Including Post-Fusion Treatment, in this class (228). 72,  Metal Deforming,   subclasses 39+ , for apparatus for cleaning plus deforming metallic work.

19	WITH MEANS TO REMOVE, COMPACT, OR SHAPE APPLIED FLUX OR FILLER
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device having means for exerting a force on, or transmitting energy to flux or filler material after said material has been applied to the work for the purpose of changing either the quantity, density or configuration of such material. (1) Note. Placement of patent into this and the indented subclasses requires that the modifying means be a device independent of the fusion-bonding means. Therefore, seam modification accomplished by an applicator that applies flux or filler to the work will be found in the appropriate applicator subclasses, such as 25+, 33+, etc. (2) Note. Included in this subclass and the indented subclasses are patents claiming a desoldering device not elsewhere classified. (3) Note. Also included in this subclass (19) are patents directed to means for applying centrifugal force, or to a compressing roller, for modifying the applied material. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 72,  Metal Deforming,   subclasses 113 , 199+, for deforming means, per se, which may be effective to roll a fusion-bonded seam. 75,  Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,   subclasses 228+ for a composition having a continuous phase of free metal made by consolidating metal particles. 118,  Coating Apparatus,   subclasses 63 and 100+ for apparatus for acting on an applied coating.

20.1	By fluid blast or suction:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Device whose force applying or energy transferring means comprises an instrumentality for directing a gas, liquid, or other fluid in a stream under pressure, or for directing a gas, liquid, or other fluid by subatmospheric pressure. (1) Note. Included in this subclass is a patent claiming the combination of fusion bonding means and means for removing fumes of acid flux during a fusion bonding operation. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 46, for a device for applying a fluid blast or suction to work or product for cooling purposes. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 118,  Coating Apparatus,   subclass 63 for apparatus for applying a fluid blast to an applied coating.

20.5	Hand tool:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1.  Device intended to be supported manually by an operative.

21	With shield or guide for removed material
	This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Device comprising means (e.g., a barrier or a tube) in addition to the force-exerting or energy transmitting means, for directing the material separated from the work.

22	Including wiper
	This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Device where force applying means engages said material, with a relative rubbing or sliding motion, for effecting the change of quantity, density or configuration. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 35, for an applicator pad. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 15,  Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,   for a wiper, per se.

23	Comprising endless wiper
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Device having a material engaging surface generally defining a closed loop and means to permit every portion of said surface to continuously travel in and along said loop during work engagement. (1) Note. Included in this subclass are patents disclosing a rotary brush wherein the ends of the bristles constitute a substantially continuous material engaging surface. (2) Note. A roller which only compresses a seam, and thus has no sliding engagement therewith is not considered to be a wiper, but will be found in subclass 19. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 19, for a roller for compressing a seam. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 118,  Coating Apparatus,   subclass 110 , for a rotary member acting on an applied coating.

24

INCLUDING REPETITIVE IMPACT FUSION-BONDING MEANS

This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device comprising an applicator and means to move said applicator to deliver a series of blows against the work, which series of blows contributes to the formation of a fusion-bonded seam. (1) Note. Any deformation of the work by such applicator is considered to occur simultaneously with the fusion-bonding thereof, not before fusion. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 15+, for fusion-bonding apparatus including means for deforming work before fusion. 44.3+,