Patents > Guidance, Tools, and Manuals >> Classification >>> Class Definition

Class Numbers & Titles   | Class Numbers Only   | USPC Index   | International   | HELP

You are viewing a Class definition.

CLASS 227,	ELONGATED-MEMBER-DRIVING APPARATUS
Click here for a printable version of this file

SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

Introductory Notes

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

A patent claiming apparatus for driving a member may be excluded from the class because of additional claimed subject matter, not expressly covered in the subclass titles and definitions. Claimed subject matter which bars a patent from original placement in Class 227 may be summarized as follows (see below for a more detailed discussion):

A method of applying a member, for which see Class 29, Metal Working, subclasses 592+.

Apparatus for positively rotating a member during driving.

Apparatus for applying a clip, edge binding or hog ring (for which see Classes 29, Metal Working, and 72, Metal Deforming), except where there is bodily movement of the clip, etc., along a line in extension of a pointed portion of the clip, etc., during work penetration. A patent to the latter type of device is proper for Class 227.

A means for performing a particular operation or for making a special product, which is recognized as subject matter of some other existing class, e.g., pile-driver, boot, or shoe making machine, etc., for which see the Index to Classification under the heading of the operation performed or product made.

Means for treating a product made by a device of this class.

RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER CLASSES CONTAINING ELONGATED MEMBER DRIVING MEANS, PER SE

Prefatory Note

Class 227, "Main Class Definition" limits the movement of the member or work, imparted to it directly by a driver, to a rectilinear path but permits the member or work to turn; however, a positive means to rotate the member or work is excluded from Class 227 (see "Other Class Relationships," below, for loci of patents claiming positive means to rotate a member or work).

Ordnance Classes

A patent claiming a firearm is placed in the appropriate ordnance class, unless it teaches that a barrel is intended to be in contact with work when the device is fired to propel a member, in which case the patent is proper for Class 227. See Class 42, Firearms, and Class 89, Ordnance.

The Class Of Tools

Generally, a hand-wielded hammer is proper subject matter for Class 81, Tools. However, where there is claimed means to permit a device (e.g., hammer-head) to move relative to handle, other than by a whipping or bending of the handle (which is subject matter for Class 81), placement of the patent is proper in Class 227, subclass 133. See the prefatory note, above, regarding the exclusion of member-rotating means (e.g., a screw driver) from this class.

Earthworking Or Particular-work Treating Classes

A patent claim directed to means for driving a member into the earth or into certain specified kinds of work will be placed in the class providing for such earthworking or for operations on such work. See References to Other Classes below for examples of typical subject matter.

Tool Actuation

A patent claim directed only to apparatus for causing a driver to move a member, will be placed in Class 173, Tool Driving or Impacting.

RELATIONSHIP TO COMBINATION CLASSES

Prefatory Note

Class 227 is the locus for a patent claiming a combination of means to drive a member (e.g., nail) with any of the following: (1) means to perform a different operation on work prior to the member-driving operation, except for some special combinations in other classes, as noted below; or (2) means to treat a member or mating-member* before, during or after a class- type operation (e.g., clinching a driven nail) and including making or forming of such member; or (3) means to handle or cut the product of a class type operation; or (4) a device or feature, per se, classifiable in another class.

Classes Of Particular Work Or Product

As stated generally in the Prefatory Note of this section, a patent claim directed to a combination of means to assemble or treat work, with means to drive a member, is generally in Class 227, except where the combination is specifically provided for in another class based on the nature of the work.

For examples of such classes (or portions of classes) which are loci of patents to such combination, see References to Other Classes, below.

Classes Of Assembly Apparatus

Class 227 in the locus of patents directed to the combination of member-driving apparatus with apparatus for assembling workpieces, with the following exceptions: (a) a patent claim directed to apparatus for treating (other than by cutting; a product consisting of work-pieces that have been assembled by an operation of the class type, is found, for example, in Class 29, Metal Working, or Class 118, Coating Apparatus; (b) a patent claim directed to apparatus for either filling a receptacle, or for assembling workpieces or articles and bonding or strapping the assembled workpieces or articles, combined with apparatus for driving a member; which is proper for the appropriate packaging or wrapping class, principally Class 53, Package Making, and Class 100, Presses.

The following list of classes, in addition to those listed in "Classes Of Particular Work Or Product" above, illustrates the location of patented art involving means for driving a member, in combination with assembly apparatus: Class 29, Metal Working, subclasses 33+; Class 53, Package Making; Class 100, Presses, subclasses 1+.

The Class Of Adhesive Bonding

Class 227 is the locus of patents directed to the combination of apparatus for applying a cement, for securing purposes, to a workpiece and means to drive a member into said workpiece, (or apparatus for applying cement to a member and driving the cemented member into a workpiece).

A patent directed to the method followed by the above apparatus is excluded from Class 227 and is placed in Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture.

Miscellaneous Combinations

A patent to the combination of member-driving apparatus with manufacturing or nonmanufacturing apparatus, not provided for in other classes (as, for instance, those classes set forth in "Classes Of Assembly Apparatus" and "Class Of Adhesive Bonding", above, or in preceding subclasses of this class, will be found in this class (227), subclass 156.

RELATIONSHIP TO SUBCOMBINATION CLASSES

Classes Of Apparatus For Making A Member (e.g., Nail, Rivet, etc.)

A patent claiming the combination of apparatus for making a member with means to drive the member will be found in Class 227, subclasses 33 or 82+. A patent claiming apparatus for making a member, per se, may be found in one of the following classes:

59, Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making, subclasses 71-77 for making a staple

72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 324 to 341 and 343 to 378 for eyelet making

470, Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and Apparatus, subclasses 27+ for methods of making a rivet or nail and subclasses 110+ for machines of making a rivet or nail.

Work Or Product Handling Classes

A patent claiming specific means to drive a member (e.g., nail) in combination with means to handle work or product is placed in Class 227. However, a patent claiming a device for handling work or product, per se, or in combination with a merely named driving means (e.g., "stapler", "nailer"), will be found in the proper material or article handling class. But if there is claimed means to synchronize a work or product handling device with a driving device (e.g., stapler), whether claimed specifically or by name only, the patent will be placed, as an original copy, in this class (227).

See References to Other Classes, below for a sample of classes directed to material or article handling means.

Classes Of Heading Apparatus

A patent claiming means to drive a member (e.g., rivet) with means to head the member will be found in this class (227), subclasses 51+. However, a patent claiming means to head a member, in the absence of a limitation to driving means, will be found in Class 72 if no assembly apparatus is recited, otherwise in Class 29 (see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class for Class 72 for the line between Classes 29 and 72 in this respect).

Classes Relating To Tool Actuation

A patent claiming means to drive a member (e.g., nail) in combination with means to guide, modify, position or support the member or a workpiece is proper for Class 227. However, a patent claiming mere actuating means, or means to move a nominally recited driver (e.g., "nailer") will be placed in a class appropriate to the power source or transmission means.

See References to Other Classes, below for a sample of classes directed to such tool actuation subcombinations.

Classes Relating To Cutting Means

A patent claiming means to cut work, product, or a member (e.g., nail, before or after driving), in combination with means to drive a member, is proper for Class 227. However, a patent claiming only means to cut may be found in one of the following classes:

Class 83, Cutting

Class 408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool.

The Class Of Pressing (Class 100)

A patent claiming means to apply a lid by pressing in combination with means to apply a member thereto is proper for Class 227. However, a patent claiming only means for applying a lid by pressure will be found in Class 100, Presses, subclasses 54 to 64.

The Class of Implements or Apparatus For Applying A Pushing Or Pulling Force (Class 254).

A patent claiming means to apply and means to withdraw a member is proper for Class 227. However, a patent claiming only structure to extract a nail will be found in Class 254, subclasses 18 to 27; and to extract a staple, in Class 254, subclass 28.

A patent claiming means to stretch material and means to apply a member thereto is proper for Class 227 (subclasses 12+), while portable tensioning implements or apparatus for flexible material, per se, is generally classifiable in Class 254, subclasses 199+.

OTHER CLASS RELATIONSHIPS

Classes Of Articles

Class 227 excludes a patent to an article, per se, (e.g., nail, staple, etc.), whose placement may be proper in one of the following classes:

Class 24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., subclasses 713.6+, for an eyelet used with a drawstring or laced-fastener.

Class 206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass 338+ for a package of fasteners.

Class 411, Expanded, Threaded, Driven, Headed, Tool-Deformed, or Locked-Threaded Fastener, subclasses 439+ for impact driven fasteners (e.g., nails, spikes, staples, etc.); and subclasses 500+ for rivets.

THE CLASSES OF TOOLS

Class 227 excludes patents to tools having a positive means to rotate a member or having no claimed structure to guide a driver. Placement thereof may be in one of the following classes:

Class 7, Compound Tools

Class 81, Tools, subclass 52 for wrenches or screwdrivers which rotate a piece of work (e.g., nut, bolt, screw).

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SECTION IV - GLOSSARY

ANVIL

A nonactuated (fixed or adjustably positionable) tool having a face portion designed and intended to react against a driven member to restrict the movement of the material of said member in at least one direction during the driving of said member.

DEFORM

In this class is used in the sense imparted by the Class Definition and Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class in Class 72.

DRIVER

A tangible instrumentality having a surface portion which is specifically designed and intended, upon actuation of said instrumentality, to act upon a member (or work) with sufficient force, to impart translatory motion there to effect an operation of the class type.

DRIVER-CARRIAGE

Structure to support the driver in a device of the class type.

DRIVING-STATION

That region of a machine wherein work must be located for an intended driving operation of the class type to be performed thereon.

MATING-MEMBER

A "mating-member". A. discrete element which has as its sole disclosed function that of aiding in maintaining a driven member in its penetrated relationship with the work, or has such a peculiar shape as to be obviously intended to perform this sole function; this sole function being accomplished by permanent interassociation or interlocking of the member and the "mating-member". (Note-A "mating-member" for the purposes of this class is considered a workpiece.)

MEMBER

An object, or the end portion of indeterminate length material, comprising at least one pointed and/or generally elongated rod-like or tubular projection disclosed as being intended to penetrate* work* when the member, or the work, is engaged and bodily moved by a driver* substantially in the directing of said projection(s).

PENETRATE

Act of inserting or imbedding (e.g., by piercing, etc.) all or a portion of an elongated member in work material, by bodily movement of the member or the proximate portion of the work material (as distinguished from relative deflection or deformation of plural portions of an exteriorly applied fastener, as in pinching, binding, clipping, hog-ringing, etc.). The term may also refer to increasing or advancing an already established penetrating relationship, by bodily movement of the member relative to the work.

PRODUCT

Article or material into which a member* has been driven.

WORK, WORKPIECE

Article or material other than the surface of the earth into which a member* is to be driven; or an assemblage of juxtaposed workpieces (objects and/or layers of material) into at least one of which a member is to be driven.

SUBCLASSES

1	WITH RANDOMLY ACTUATED STOPPING OR DISABLING MEANS
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device provided with means capable of bringing at least one of the moving parts of the device to a halt or to such a condition as to terminate its intended operation, such means acting to accomplish its halting effect in response to a signal or impulse which cannot be predicted to occur during any particular one of a number of recurring cycles of operations (either of the machine as whole, or the driver, or of any part of the machine which has a cyclic law of operation). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 83,  Cutting,   subclasses 58+ for randomly actuated stopping means in a cutting machine. 192,  Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   for stopping means in general; and subclass 134 for stopping of a machine responsive to part of an operative"s body. 226,  Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   subclass 48 for material moving means provided with randomly-actuated stopping means. 234,  Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching),   subclass 20 for selective cutting means provided with randomly actuated stopping means.

2	WITH CONTROL MEANS RESPONSIVE TO SENSED CONDITION
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including means for: (a) detecting any of the following characteristics: a state or property, a change in a state or property, or the occurrence of a predetermined event, in any of the following: the work*, the product of a machine, the machine itself, any part of the machine, or the environment of the machine affecting the operation thereof; and (b) initiating (as a direct result of such detection) a force or energy impulse other than that generated or transmitted by the detecting means; and (c) regulating or modifying (as a direct result of such initiation) the operation of said machine. (1) Note. This definition requires a patent to claim at least four instrumentalities for original placement herein. One of these must be a member driving machine, or a device (e.g., work feeder, work-heater, product-handler) necessary to the proximate function of member driving. The other three are: (a) a senser (e.g., photo-cell system, trip-lever, pressure diaphragm) to detect a condition as stated in (a) of the this subclass definition; (b) an activator (e.g., an element to make or break an electric circuit, a clutch, a valve) to cause a release of energy more than, or different from, that accounted for by mere change in condition (e.g., position or movement) of the senser while it is functioning; and (c) a controller (e.g., a motor or driver for said machine or device) to change or cause the operation of said machine or device. Therefore, a cam follower (or senser) directly linked to a controller, whereby follower movement directly effects controller movement, is not proper subject matter for this subclass due to lack of an activator as defined. On the other hand, disclosure of a cam follower that makes and breaks an electrical circuit that energizes a motor, may be placed herein. (2) Note. A voluntary act of the person operating the machine is not proper subject matter for this subclass. For example, disclosure of an on-off switch manipulated by an operative to start and/or stop the machine (even though the switch initiates a release of energy), should be considered for subclass 1, but is not classified herein. (3) Note. The machine that is regulated by the control means is not limited to a member driving machine of this class. It can be another machine associated with the member driver if the claim reciting the other machine and member driver is acceptable for original placement into this class (227). (4) Note. The control systems disclosed in the patents of this and indented subclasses are similar in concept to control systems of other classes, particularly Class 226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length and Class 83, Cutting. The total operations and the claimed combinations are, of course, different, but the control systems, per se, found in Classes 83 and 226 are usually analogous to those herein, and may be applicable to the machines of this class (227). In the "SEARCH CLASS" notes for the subclasses indented hereunder, reference to this (4) Note indicates that the other class and subclass should be considered because the control system, per se, of a patent in the other class may be similar to a control system, per se, of this (227) class. The notes to Class 83, subclass 399 (which see) summarize all the subclasses in Class 83 pertaining to "control" subclasses therein. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 72,  Metal Deforming,   subclasses 6+ for control means in a metal deforming machine, wherein the control means, per se, is similar to those of this and indented subclasses. 83,  Cutting,   and see (4) Note, above. 226,  Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   and see (4) Note, above. 228,  Metal Fusion Bonding,   subclasses 8+ for control means in a metal fusion bonding machine, wherein the control means, per se, is similar to those of this and indented subclasses.

3	Responsive to work feed means
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Device comprising actuated mechanism for moving or assuring movement of work toward a driving-station*, and wherein the detector is arranged to sense a given condition or position of some portion of said actuated mechanism.

4	Responsive to position of work support or anvil
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Device comprising a movable anvil* and/or movable means adapted to hold work at a driving-station*, and wherein the detector is arranged to sense the presence or absence of said anvil or said work-holding means at a given location. (1) Note. An element positioned adjacent a surface which supports work, which element presents an obstacle to movement of the work in a desired direction, is not means to hold work but a work-stop abutment. If this element acts as a detector for the work, patents claiming such element will be placed in subclasses 5+. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 72,  Metal Deforming,   subclasses 10.1+ , 13.4+, 17.1, 17.2, and 20.1+ for control means responsive to position of a tool (e.g., anvil) or tool-linked part. 228,  Metal Fusion Bonding,   subclass 12 for control means responsive to position of a work holder in a fusion bonding machine.

5	Work-responsive
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Device wherein the means for detecting is arranged to sense the presence, absence, position, size, or some other property or condition of work* associated with the device. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 83,  Cutting,   subclasses 211 , 286+, 360+ for a control system responsive to work in a cutting machine. Also see (4) Note under Class 227, subclass 2. 226,  Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   subclasses 10+ for a control system responsive to work for feeding the work. Also see (4) Note under Class 227, subclass 2. 228,  Metal Fusion Bonding,   subclasses 9+ for a control system responsive to work.

6	Position of work
	This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Device wherein the detecting means is arranged to sense the location of a workpiece in the device.

7	Control initiates driver-actuation
	This subclass is indented under subclass 6.  Device comprising means to move the driver* through a driving stroke, and wherein the regulating means governs the said driver moving means.

8	WITH INTERLOCK MEANS
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device provided with means to prevent motion of some part of the device in any manner (except said means itself) until said means is moved so as to permit movement of said part. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 83,  Cutting,   subclasses 399+ for cutting means provided with an interlock. 192,  Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 129+ for a safety device or interlock.

9	EXPLOSIVE-TYPE DRIVING MEANS
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device comprising means to hold and/or guide a member, a chamber or barrel designed to direct the force of an expanding gas therein against such member, and means to cause a violent expansion of gas within said chamber or barrel. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 60,  Power Plants,   subclasses 632+ for a motor actuated by fluid pressure generated by an explosion and see search Class notes thereunder for other loci of explosive-type device similar to those in this and indented subclasses. 72,  Metal Deforming,   subclass 56 for means to deform metal by the direct application of a shock wave thereto.

10	With plunger
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Device including an element movable in the chamber or barrel adapted to transmit the force from the gas to a member.

11	With protective shield
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Device comprising means to block or deflect the flight of chips or particles away from a given location, as for the purpose of preventing injury to an operative.

12	STRETCHING TOOL WITH MEANS TO FASTEN FLACCID WORK TO RIGID BASE
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device provided with means adapted to impale or grip a portion of flexible material, and said means being movable to exert a tensile force upon said flexible material, and wherein the driver* is arranged to force a member through said flexible material and into a solid supporting surface. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 254,  Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclasses 199+ for portable implements or apparatus for tensioning flexible material.

13	Including mechanical means to apply force to stretching tool
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Device comprising force transmitting linkage capable of moving said impaling or gripping means with respect to another portion of said device.

14	WITH MEANS TO CEMENT WORK OR MEMBER
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device including means to apply an adhesive coating to a work surface and means to bring said work surface into contact with another work surface, or means to apply an adhesive coating to a member* prior to an operation of the class type. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 38, for means to sequentially secure layers together by a member. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclass 91 for a method followed by the above apparatus.

15	WITH MEANS TO POSITION "MATING-MEMBER" IN ALIGNMENT WITH DRIVER
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device comprising means to move or guide a mating-member* to a position in the driving path of the member* and/or to maintain a mating-member in such position, so as to receive in an interassociated manner the member during the driving operation. (1) Note. The positioning of the "mating-member" must take place before completion of the driving of the member. (2) Note. Figure 1 represents a member (lacing hook) with projections to be driven through work and into a mating-member, which has no disclosed function other than to aid in the securement of the driven member. In Figure 2, the pronged member is to be driven through work and secured in the lacing hook; the latter constitutes "work" rather than a "mating-member" because it has a function (i.e., to hold a lace), in addition to its function of securing the driven member. Fig. 1 Fig. 2 SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 19+, for a disclosure of a workpiece similar to a mating-member and assembling it with another workpiece. 143+, for a disclosure of a workpiece similar to mating-member. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 243.521+ and 243.53+ for apparatus for securing objects together by means which may comprise a mating-member (e.g., a rivet and bur).

16	Strip-type "mating-member"
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Device wherein the positioning means is designed and intended to coact with an elongated mating-member and into which a plurality of members are driven in spaced relationship in the direction of elongation. (1) Note. A member having a plurality of projections which penetrate the work (e.g., staple) is not considered a plurality of members.

17	With means to form "mating-member"
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Device comprising means to fashion, shape, deform or cut a mating-member.

18	Comprising feed means for "mating-member"
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Device including a positively actuated means to move or transport a mating member into the driving path of the member. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 99+, for means to feed a member, and see search notes for other loci of feed means.

19	WITH MEANS TO ASSEMBLE PLURAL PIECES OF WORK
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device comprising means to move or guide a workpiece* into juxtaposition with another workpiece, and including (a) means to hold or position a member* between said workpieces before they are moved into juxtaposition or (b) means to hold or position said workpieces in alignment with a driver* for application of a member thereto. (1) Note. One or both of the workpieces being assembled may be indeterminate-length material. (2) Note. For placement as an original in this subclass area, a patent must be directed to a member-inserting device with means at least to direct or guide two workpieces or lengths of material into contact at some point and to present such assembled work to the action of a driver. Usually, but not necessarily, the inserted member will serve to secure the workpieces together. (3) Note. A work stop abutment, disclosed as being useful for facilitating the registry, of two or more workpieces at a driving-station, is insufficient to constitute "means to move or guide a workpiece" under the subclass definition. (4) Note. A fastener member is not generally regarded as "work", for the purposes of this class. A device provided with means to feed a member to driving position, on or near a workpiece, is not classifiable as an assembly device but is subject matter for the following subclasses 107+. Means for performing an operation on the member (such as cutting, shaping, heading, etc.) is specifically provided for in appropriate subclasses of this class (e.g., subclasses 79+, with means to cut member after penetration). (5) Note. For the line between this subclass (and those indented hereunder) and classes relating to combined driving and assembly, see section VI of this class definition and for classes relating to assembly, see section VII of this class definition. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 700+ for assembly apparatus, in general.

20	With means to deform work
	This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Device comprising means to alter the form, configuration, dimension, proportion or contour of a workpiece either with or without removal of material. (1) Note. Means to feed a flexible, resilient or flaccid workpiece from a coil or other source and to straighten it for assembly to another workpiece is not considered "shaping means"; disclosures of such means will be found in subclasses 44+, Endless conveyor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 12+, for means to stretch flaccid work and fasten it to rigid work. 44+, for a disclosure of means to straighten flexible work before assembly to other work on an endless conveyor. 64+, for means to shape work prior to application of a member.

21	Including cutting means
	This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Device provided with means to sever, incise, pierce or abrade a workpiece or some part thereof. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 27, for a disclosure of means to punch or drill work before assembly. 47, for a disclosure of work cutting means associated with reel-type supply means. 69, 70+ and 76, for various disclosures of work-cutting means associated with a device of the class type. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 83,  Cutting,   for cutting apparatus, generally.

22	Including means to rotate work
	This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Device including means to revolve a workpiece. (1) Note. The work may rotate about a fixed mandrel or the mandrel rotate with the work. (2) Note. The rotation of the work may cause an element (hoop strip) to be coiled or wrapped around the workpiece. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 49, for means to rotate work, associated with magazine-type work supply means, in a device of the class type.

23	With die-shaping means
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Device comprising configured mating elements between which the workpiece is formed to a desired configuration. (1) Note. Included here are patents to a device for forming a basket from a blank of slatted material termed "basket mat". (2) Note. Means to clamp a piece of work to a mandrel and rotate the mandrel to form the work around it is not die shaping means for this subclass; such disclosures will be found in subclasses 22 and 24. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 22, and 24, for a disclosure of work-shaping means other than dies for rotating work.

24	With end-inserting or clamping means
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Device including means to position and/or hold a workpiece within an opening of a second workpiece. (1) Note. Included here are patents to a device for inserting and securing an end or bottom in a rotatably supported container. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 100,  Presses,   subclasses 54+ for presses for applying lids to portable receptacles.

25	Means to buckle flaccid work
	This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Device wherein said means is effective, as disclosed, to gather, or pucker a nonrigid, limber and flexible workpiece. (1) Note. The work is generally gathered and after another workpiece is applied thereto member is driven through the gather to secure the pieces together. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 65, for means to buckle a flaccid workpiece.

26	With means to place member between workpieces (e.g., dowels, etc.)
	This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Device including means to introduce a member* intermediate workpieces. (1) Note. For example, workpieces are forced together, causing the member positioned between them to penetrate the workpieces and form a laminated assembly.

27	With drilling or punching means
	This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Device including a tool that moves relative to a workpiece while cutting material out of the confines of the workpiece so that the cut does not intersect any edge (exterior or interior) of the workpiece. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 69, for a rotatable cutting tool to form an opening in a workpiece for a member. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 83,  Cutting,   for punching apparatus, generally. 408,  Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,   for drilling apparatus generally.

28	With means to sequentially secure layers (e.g., heels, etc.)
	This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Device comprising means, made effective after an actuation of the driver, to move or guide an additional workpiece into juxtaposition with said first-mentioned workpieces and into alignment with said driver, and means to cause another actuation of said driver. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 14, for means to cement work or member and apply a member to a layer(s) of work.

29	With work clamp
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Device wherein the means to move or guide successive workpieces into juxtaposition comprises relatively movable work-engageable elements and means to force or bias said elements into gripping engagement with a workpiece. (1) Note. A work clamp, for the purposes of this and other subclasses in this class, must comprise relatively movable jaws or their equivalent; i.e., a closely fitting unitary last or form is not a "clamp". SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 40, and 124, for a work clamp interrelated to other mechanism in a device of the class type. 152+, for a work clamp in a device of the class type. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 269,  Work Holders,   for a work holder (e.g., clamp), generally.

30	With driver acting through clamp jaw
	This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Device wherein said means to hold or position the workpieces comprises relatively movable work-engageable elements, and means to force or bias said elements into gripping engagement with said workpieces, one of said elements being configured to accommodate the passage of a driver toward and from the gripped workpieces.

31	Bight attaching means (e.g., buttons, etc.)
	This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Device wherein, as disclosed, one of the workpieces has a projecting loop or apertured portion, and wherein the device is effective to secure the workpieces together by applying a member which passes or is driven through the loop or apertured portion of said workpiece. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 112,  Sewing,   subclasses 104+ for a machine for attaching a button by thread.

32	Including means to insert member in bight
	This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  Device comprising means effective to pass said member through the loop or apertured portion of said one workpiece. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclass 241 for stringing articles, and particularly for a device for producing threaded buttons as articles of manufacture.

33	With member-forming means
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32.  Device comprising means to shape or fashion said member prior to the completion of its application to the workpieces. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 82+, for means to shape or form a member prior to its application to work. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 59,  Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making,   for a machine to manufacture staples. 470,  Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and Apparatus,   subclasses 27+ for methods of making a rivet or nail and subclasses 110+ for machines of making a rivet or nail.

34	After member is applied to a workpiece
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32.  Device comprising means effective to force said member through the other of said workpieces prior to its passage through the loop or apertured portion of said one workpiece.