Class Definition for Class 178

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CLASS 178,	TELEGRAPHY
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

Means for transmitting to a distance messages, unlimited with respect to the extent of information they are adapted to convey, and the transmission and facsimile reproduction of written, printed, or otherwise produced characters, marks, pictures, etc., unlimited with respect to form or outline, by the utilization of conductive or inductive electrical current impulses or reversals, the elements of the messages being selected or composed at will, according to a prearranged code, or the transmitter being actuated or controlled by a previously designed pattern.

(1) Note. Electric signaling means that are limited with respect to the number, character, or subject matter of messages adapted to be conveyed thereby or with respect to the selection of the elements of a message or the possibility of composing the same thereby are deemed to be electric signals, indicators, and alarms rather than electric telegraphs. Means for the conversion of sound waves into conductive or inductive electrical impulses and reconversion into sound waves for reproduction of sounds at a distance are classified as telephones.

SECTION II - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

136,	Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, subclasses 243+ for electro-optical cells.
324,	Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for electrical testing systems not limited to telegraphy.
330,	Amplifiers, appropriate subclasses for amplifiers.
333,	Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, for electric wave transmission systems wherein electromagnetic wave energy is guided or constrained by a wave propagation medium of appreciable electrical length as compared to the wave length of the propagated energy. This class includes numerous electrical networks and components useful in telegraphy. Note particularly subclass 20 for wave shaping networks of the passive type, subclass 23 for artifical lines, subclasses 24+ for coupling networks, which include equalizers, impedance matching networks, delay networks, and wave filters, subclass 81 for attenuators, subclasses 236+ for longe transmission lines, and subclasses 1+ for plural channel systems of the above which include branched circuits and hybrid type networks.
338,	Electrical Resistors, subclasses 15+ for photoconductive electrical resistors.
340,	Communications: Electrical, for electric systems of communication not peculiar to telegraph code signaling. Note Particularly subclasses 825+ for selective systems analogous to the selective systems utilized in telegraphy but restricted to the communication of a limited amount of information or control signals, subclasses 287+ and 533+ for signal box systems such as the American district telegraph or fire alarm systems, and subclass 320 for signaling along a fluid conduit.
341,	Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclasses 20+ and 173+ for a pulse code transmitter.
356,	Optics: Measuring and Testing, for devices which may involve facsimile systems to test light, or articles or substances by means of light for optical properties, dimensions, configuration, or flaws, particularly subclass 308 and 309 for spectrographic scanning devices, subclasses 629, 639, 640, and 398 for mensuration or configuration devices involving scanning, subclasses 404 and 405 for photographic or tristimulus color tests, and subclass 444 for light transmission tests involving scanning.
359,	Optical: Systems and Elements, subclasses 227+ and 238+ for light valves.
361,	Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses 1+ for electrical safety systems not limited to telegraphy.
370,	Multiplex Communications, appropriate subclasses for a multiplexing system, particularly subclasses 298+ for multiplexed teletypewriter service.
375,	Pluse or Digital Communications, appropriate subclasses for nontelegraphic pulse or digital communications.
379,	Telephonic Communications, subclasses 108.01+ for combinations of telegraph and signaling systems with telephone systems or means for sending signals over telephone circuits, subclasses 338+ for telephone type repeaters. Class 171 for amplifiers.
380,	Cryptography, appropriate subclasses for cryptographic techniques and equipment.
400,	Typewriting Machines, appropriate subclasses for a remote-control typewriter, and see (1) Note in Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class in Class 400 for discussion of the difference between a typewriter of Class 400 and a printing telegraph of Class 178.
455,	Telecommunications, appropriate subclasses for nonpulse carrier wave communications.

SUBCLASSES

1	MISCELLANEOUS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition. Means and parts and accessories thereof not otherwise provided for.

[List of Patents for class 178 subclass 2]

SYSTEMS:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Miscellaneous means for transmitting messages between stations telegraphically not otherwise provided for that include a plurality of telegraph instruments, such as transmitting and receiving instruments, in circuit.

(1) Note. Telegraphing and telephoning by Hertzian Waves guided by transmission lines between stations and all line or conductive transmission systems therefor are classified, respectively, in appropriate subclasses under Class 178, Telegraphy and 379, Telephonic Communications.

(2) Note. For telemetric systems specific to measuring, see Class 73, Measuring and Testing; Class 33, Geometrical Instuments, subclasses 267, 312, 317, 363, and 366.11.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

43,	for telegraphing by induction on neighboring lines, etc.
47,	for harmonic or vibratory transmission systems and essential accessories.
64,	for applications of induction-coils and transformers to telegraphy.
66.1,	for alternating current transmission.
74,	for subcombinations comprising a plurality of connected instruments or local circuits at one station employed in transmitting or receiving, such as combinations of key and battery, induction-coils, and the like.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

33,	Geometrical Instruments, (see (2) Note).
73,	Measuring and Testing, (see (2) Note).
246,	Railway Switches and Signals, subclasses 3+ for central signal control, and subclass 7, and appropriate indented subclasses for train telegraphy or telephony.
310,	Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclasses 10+ for dynamoelectric machine structure for generating electrical current.
333,	Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, see the reference to this class under "SEARCH CLASS", in the class definition above.
336,	Inductor Devices, appropriate subclass for the structure of transformers and inductor devices.
338,	Electrical Resistors, appropriate subclasses, for electrical resistors, per se.
340,	Communications: Electrical, subclasses 825+ for selective nontelegraph systems, analogous to the selective systems utilized in telegraphy but restricted to the communication of a limited amount of information or control, subclasses 870.01+ for telemetering systems, and subclasses 287+ for signal box telegraph systems.
341,	Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclasses 20+ and 173+ for a pulse code transmitter.
346,	Recorders, appropriate subclass.
370,	Multiplex Communications, appropriate subclasses for multiplexing systems.
375,	Pulse or Digital Communications, subclass 218 for pulse communications using an earth or water transmission medium.
377,	Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems, for electrical pulse counters and registers.
429,	Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process, for electrochemical batteries useful in telegraphy.
455,	Telecommunications, subclass 40 for analog modulated carrier wave communications via an earth or water medium.

[List of Patents for class 178 subclass 3]

Automatic:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Systems having transmitting means employing perforated strip or tape, code-type, patterns, etc.

(2) Note. There are numerous other record controlled means in other classes which as to some characteristics may be references for the record controlled mechanisms of this class. Attention is called to the following classes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

66,	Textiles: Knitting, particularly subclasses 231+ for pattern mechanism.
83,	Cutting, subclasses 76.1+ for a pattern-controlled cutting or punching machine.
84,	Music, the subclasses indented under "Automatic", starting with subclass 2 , the selecting or record controlled means being in subclasses 115+.
87,	Textiles: Braiding, Netting, and Lace Making, particularly subclasses 14+ for apparatus with pattern mechanism.
101,	Printing, particularly subclass 19 and 20 for piercing embossing machines, and subclasses 93 and 96 for bed and platen machines.
112,	Sewing, particularly subclass 4 for Jacquard card sewing machines, subclasses 470.01+ for a pattern controlled sewing machine and subclasses 78+ for a pattern controlled embroidery-type sewing machine.
139,	Textiles: Weaving, particularly subclasses 317+ for the record controlled mechanism.
144,	Woodworking, subclasses 137+ for a pattern controlled shaping machine.
199,	Type Casting, particularly subclass 74 for pattern controlled rotary matrix type cast machines, and subclass 77 for pattern controlled slidable matrix machines.
200,	Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 46 for pattern-sheet controlled switches.
209,	Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, particularly subclasses 532 , 554, 612, 613, 619, and 688 for automatic perforated articles assorting machines.
234,	Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), subclasses 59+ for a record-controlled punching machine with a plurality of individually movable tools.
235,	Registers, subclass 56 for vote counters, and subclasses 419+ for record controlled calculators.
276,	Typesetting, particularly subclass 13 for pattern controlled type setting machines.
341,	Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclasses 20+ and 173+ for pulse code transmitter.
400,	Typewriting Machines, appropriate subclasses for pattern controlled typewriting machines.
409,	Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, subclasses 79+ for a pattern controlled milling machine; and subclasses 289+ for a pattern controlled planing machine.

[List of Patents for class 178 subclass 4]

Printing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Automatic systems adapted to print the message at the receiving station.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

23+,	for printing telegraphs other than automatic.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

101,	Printing, for the art of printing.
235,	Registers, for printing features specific thereto.
346,	Recorders, (see Class 235 above).
400,	Typewriting Machines, for typewriters not peculiarly adapted for printing telegraphs and for typewriters connected by the same number of wires as there are keys or for electrically actuated typewriters, and subclasses 70+ , for perforated tape actuators for typewriters.

[List of Patents for class 178 subclass 4.1]

4.1

Remote control:

This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Systems of remote control for starting and/or stopping printer motors at called or calling stations or both by either manually or automatically transmitted impulses or code.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

53.1,

for start-stop rotary distributor synchronizers for multiplex systems.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

370,	Multiplex Communications, appropriate subclasses for multiplexing systems.

[List of Patents for class 178 subclass 15]

Photographic recorder:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Automatic systems other than facsimile that employ photographic recorders.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

90,	for photographic recorders of general application to telegraphy.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

358,	Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, subclass 302 for facsimile systems with photographic recorders.
386,	Television Signal Processing for Dynamic Recording or Reproducing, subclasses 30 , 42+, and 128+ for photographic television recording or reproducing, particularly subclasses 38 and 117 for video apparatus combined with camera for recording television signal.

[List of Patents for class 178 subclass 16]

Current reversing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Automatic systems in which direct and reversed currents are employed, usually with pole changers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

8,	for multiple pen facsimile systems.
17,	for automatic transmitters or recorders.
62,	for chemical-type telegraph systems.
63,	for cable-type telegraph systems.
67.1,	for modified alternating current telegraph systems.
69,	for line clearing and circuit maintenance systems.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

361,	Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses 245+ for pole changers of general application.

[List of Patents for class 178 subclass 17]

Transmitters or recorders:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Means specific to automatic systems for transmitting automatically or for recording.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

3+,	for automatic transmitters combined in systems, particularly subclass 4 for printing systems, and subclass 16 for current reversing systems.
36,	for type printing recorders.
43,	for space induction systems.
48,	for receivers and recorders peculiar to harmonic or tone telegraphy.
62,	for recorders operating by chemical action.
79,	for transmitters for transmitting code signals and not specific to any particular system of telegraphy.
89,	for Morse registers and other code-recorders for producing a record of code signals on suitable receiving surfaces.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

83,	Cutting, appropriate subclasses, particularly subclasses 202+ for a feeding and cutting or punching machine.
84,	Music, subclass 19 for perforated-strip controlled pianos; subclass 107 for perforated-strip controlled musical instruments; subclass 147 for perforated-strip controlled automatic selectors; and subclass 462 for electric type recording devices.
234,	Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), for a selective punching machine, and appropriate subclasses for pattern control, programmed control, etc., of such a machine.
276,	Typesetting, subclasses 12+ for perforated strip and keyboard transmitting apparatus.
340,	Communications: Electrical, subclasses 287+ and 533+ for signal box telegraph systems having signal box transmitters.
341,	Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclasses 20+ and 173+ for a pulse code transmitter.
361,	Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses 245+ for pole changing transmitters or current reversers.

[List of Patents for class 178 subclass 17.5]

17.5

Storing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Automatic transmitters comprising means for accumulating messages or code-signals in advance of actual transmission.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

3,	for storing-transmitters in combination with other elements of an automatic system.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

315,	Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclasses 8.51+ for cathode ray tube systems for accumulating or storing electrical pulse energy for later retrieval, and subclasses 84.51+ for similar electrical pulse storage systems utilizing electric space discharge devices of the gaseous type.

18.01

Position coordinate determination for writing (e.g., writing digitizer pad, stylus, or circuitry):

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter wherein X,Y coordinates of a designed writing pattern such as a graph or a character inputted by an operator manipulable pointing device (e.g., stylus or the like) or by an operator directly touching a sensing surface of a tablet (e.g.,digitizing pad) are defined.

(1) Note. Included here is a writing digitizer pad, a stylus, or circuitry for position coordinate determination without a display device claimed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

18.03,	for a writing digitizer pad for position coordinate determination.
19.01,	for a writing digitizer stylus for position coordinate determination.
20.01,	for a writing digitizer circuit for position coordinate determination.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

200,	Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclasses 512+ for a membrane-type solid contact relating to a switch of a touchpad.
340,	Communications: Electrical, subclass 407.1 for a tactual indicator.
341,	Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 5 for X - Y coordinate determination in a digital pattern reading-type converter and subclasses 20+ for bodily actuated code generators in which an operator makes physical contact to control the transmission or generation of a coded set of pulses.
345,	Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclasses 173+ for a combination of a display device and a writing digitizer pad, a stylus, or circuitry for position coordinate determination.
708,	Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating, subclasses 131 through 146for an electric digital calculating computer using specialized input.
901,	Robots, subclass 33 for a tactile sensor.

18.02

Error correction:

This subclass is indented under subclass 18.01. Subject matter including means to compensate for distortion of the inputted position coordinates.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

341,	Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 24 for bodily actuated code generators with error prevention means.
345,	Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass 178 for touch panels with alignment or calibration capability.
714,	Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery, appropriate subclasses for error detection, correction, recovery or prevention in pulse code data or computers.

18.03

Writing digitizer pad:

This subclass is indented under subclass 18.01. Subject matter including a characteristic or a structure of the sensing surface of the tablet used to transform the inputted position coordinates data into planar coordinate information that can be read and understood by a computer.

(1) Note. A digitizer pad claimed with display device is classified in Class 345, subclass 173. Otherwise it is included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

18.01,

for writing position coordinate determination.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

340,	Communications: Electrical, subclass 407.1 for a tactual indicator.
341,	Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 5 for X and Y coordinate determination in a digital pattern reading-type converter and subclasses 20+ for bodily actuated code generators in which an operator makes physical contact to control the transmission or generation of a coded set of pulses.
345,	Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclasses 173+ for a combination of a display device and a writing digitizer pad, a stylus, or circuitry for position coordinate determination.
700,	Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications, subclass 85 for a positional input to a data processing control system.
708,	Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating, subclasses 131 through 146for an electric digital calculating computer using specialized input.

18.04

Acoustical (e.g., vibration, ultrasonic, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 18.03. Subject matter wherein position coordinates are determined by a property (e.g., type, material, temperature, or structure of connection) of a device, designed to transform an acoustical signal (e.g., vibration, ultrasonic waves, or the like) into an electrical signal, that is included in the sensing surface of the tablet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

19.02,	for an acoustical writing digitizer stylus.
47,	for harmonic or vibratory transmission systems and essential accessories.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

345,	Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass 177 for a combination of a display device and a writing digitizer pad with acoustic detection for position coordinate determination.
367,	Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices, subclasses 99+ for distance or direction finding and cross-reference art collection 907 for coordinate determination.

18.05

Resistive:

This subclass is indented under subclass 18.03. Subject matter wherein position coordinates are determined by a property (e. g., dimensions, material, temperature, or structure of connection) of a resistor that is included in the sensing surface of the tablet.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

338,	Electrical Resistors, subclasses 15+ for photoconductive electrical resistors.

18.06

Capacitive:

This subclass is indented under subclass 18.03. Subject matter wherein position coordinates are determined by a property (e. g., dimensions, material, temperature, or structure of connection) of a capacitor that is included in the sensing surface of the tablet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

19.03,

for an inductive or a capacitive writing digitizer stylus.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

341,	Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 15 for capacitive responsive digital pattern reading-type converters and subclass 33 for bodily actuated code generators including keyboard or keypad with capacitive sensor.
361,	Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses 277+ and 301.1+ for variable and fixed capacitors.

18.07

Inductive:

This subclass is indented under subclass 18.03. Subject matter wherein position coordinates are determined by a property (e.g., dimensions, material, temperature, or structure of connection) of a magnetic field generating coil that is included in the sensing surface of the tablet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

19.03,	for an inductive or a capacitive writing digitizer stylus.
43,	for telegraphing by induction on neighboring lines, etc.
64,	for applications of induction coils and transformers to telegraphy.
,

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

246,	Railways Switches and Signals, subclass 8 for inductive communication signals (telegraphy or telephony) between trains and the dispatcher or other stations.
341,	Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 15 for inductive responsive digital pattern reading-type converters and subclass 32 for bodily actuated code generators including a keyboard or keypad with magnetic or inductive sensors.

18.08

Having shield:

This subclass is indented under subclass 18.07. Subject matter wherein means are provided for reducing or eliminating extraneous electromagnetic energy from the digitizer pad.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

69,	for telegraph interference neutralizing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

174,	Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclasses 32+ for anti-inductive structures of conductors and insulators.
336,	Inductor Devices, subclasses 84+ for inductor devices with shields.
379,	Telephone, subclasses 416+ for an anti-inductive telephone system.

18.09

Optical:

This subclass is indented under subclass 18.03. Subject matter wherein position coordinates are determined by a property (e.g., type, material, temperature, and structure of connection) of a photocell (e.g., photodiode or phototransistor) that is included in the sensing surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

19.05,	for a light pen used as a writing digitizer stylus.
119,	for receivers that convert received telegraph signals into a perceptible form using optical devices.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

341,	Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclasses 13+ for a digital pattern reading-type converter using optical device and subclass 31 for a bodily actuated code generator including a keyboard or keypad with an electric light sensor.
345,	Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass 175 for a combination of a display device and a writing digitizer pad with optical detection for position coordinate determination.

18.11

With illumination:

This subclass is indented under subclass 18.03. Subject matter including means to brighten the sensing surface of the tablet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

18.1,

for a digitizing pad having display.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

362,	Illumination, subclasses 227+ and 257+ for single or plural light sources for general illumination.
708,	Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating, subclasses 131 through 146for an electric digital calculating computer using specialized input.

19.01

Writing digitizer stylus:

This subclass is indented under subclass 18.01. Subject matter including a structure or a characteristic of a handheld pointing device which provides position coordinate input to the sensing surface of the tablet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

18.01,

for position coordinate determination for writing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

341,	Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 5 for X and Y coordinate determination in a digital pattern reading-type converter using a stylus pad.
345,	Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass 179 for a combination of a display device and a stylus.
708,	Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating, subclasses 131 through 146for an electric digital calculating computer using specialized input.

19.02

Acoustical stylus:

This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject matter wherein the pointing device transmits acoustical signals (e.g., vibration, ultrasonic waves, or the like) to the sensing surface of the tablet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

18.04,	for an acoustical writing digitizer pad.
47,	for harmonic or vibratory transmission systems and essential accessories.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

345,	Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass 179 for a combination of a display device and a stylus.
367,	Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices, cross-reference art collection 907 for coordinate determination.

19.03

Capacitive or inductive stylus:

This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject matter wherein the pointing device has means for capacitively or inductively coupling with the circuitry present in the sensing surface of the tablet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

18.06,	for a capacitive writing digitizer pad.
18.07+,	for an inductive writing digitizer pad.
43,	for telegraphing by induction on neighboring lines, etc.
64,	for applications of induction coils and transformers to telegraphy.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

333,	Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclasses 24+ for coupling networks.
345,	Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass 179 for a combination of a display device and a stylus.

19.04

Pressure stylus:

This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject matter wherein the pointing device has a built-in sensor (e.g., pressure sensor) which is automatically activated when the pointing device tip applies a force on the sensing surface of the tablet.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

345,	Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass 179 for a combination of a display device and a stylus.

19.05

Light pen:

This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject matter wherein the pointing device is a light sensitive device which consists of an optical lens and a photocell with associated circuitry mounted in a tubular housing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

18.09,

for optical writing digitizer pad.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

250,	Radiant Energy, subclasses 227.13+ for a light pen, per se.
345,	Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclasses 180+ for a combination of a display device and a light pen.

19.06	AC source:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. &