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CLASS 152,	RESILIENT TIRES AND WHEELS
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class includes (1) spring wheels for land vehicles; (2) resilient tires for land vehicle wheels; (3) patches for pneumatic tires; (4) anti-skid devices for resilient tires; (5) devices for securing tires to wheels, and (6) pneumatic tire inflating devices combined with the vehicle or wheel or remaining with a particular tire between periods of inflation, or designed to fill one tire from another.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

For devices for giving a warning when the pressure within a pneumatic tire is either raised above or reduced below normal;

(a) If mechanical, see Class 116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 34. This subclass includes such devices incorporated in pneumatic tires but is not limited to devices on the tire or wheel. For devices under (a) wherein a pressure gage is combined with a valved inflation stem or valved filling chucks see Class 137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 227-246.23, and for other valves and other fluid handling devices covered with a pressure gage see subclasses 551-559, particularly subclass 557.

(b) If electrical, see Class 340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 442-448. For devices under (b) wherein the invention is in a circuit breaker, see Class 200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclasses 61.22-61.26. For devices under (b) wherein the invention is in the electrical resistor combined with an inflation sensing actuator, see Class 338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 37.

SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

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SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

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SUBCLASSES

1	SPRING WHEELS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Wheels for land vehicles whereby the vehicle is resiliently supported on the roadway by means within the wheel structure other than a resilient tire. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 151, and 375, Note (1), for definition of a resilient tire.

2	With lubrication:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  The spring wheel is combined with devices for lubricating moving parts of the wheel or for oiling to prevent rusting of springs.

3	Spring enclosure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  The lubricant for the spring wheel is introduced into a closed chamber containing the springs.

4	Cylinder and piston:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  The lubrication for the spring wheel is directed solely to cylinders and pistons therein.

5	Deformable ground engaging part:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Spring wheels in which the portion bearing upon the roadway yields locally under load so that the wheel as a whole does not retain its circular form. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 172,  Earth Working,   subclass 543 for a rolling earth working tool with spring teeth and subclass 544 for a rolling earth working tool with spring mounted teeth. 305,  Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles,   subclass 6 for spring biased elements movably mounted on the rim of a wheel forming ground engaging feet as the wheel rotates.

6	With plural spring types:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  The resiliency of the spring wheel with deformable ground engaging part is provided by combined springs of different types, for example, leaf and coil.

7	With rubber spring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  The resiliency of the spring wheel with deformable ground engaging part is provided by rubber or its equivalent.

8	With pneumatic spring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  The resiliency of the spring wheel with deformable ground engaging part is provided by a chamber or chambers filled with fluid under pressure greater than atmospheric, whether under load or not.

9	Annular:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  The pneumatic spring providing the resiliency of the deformable grounding engaging part of the spring wheel forms a continuous ring about the wheel center. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 8, for annular air chambers so combined with cylinders and pistons that the air of the chamber is in direct contact with the piston.

10	With air tanks:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  The annular pneumatic spring of the spring wheel with deformable ground engaging part comprises an air chamber in free and unobstructed communication with an annular resilient tire on the wheel so that the pressure of the air in the chamber is applied to such tire. The chamber may or may not be annular. The tire may be pneumatic and the communication with the air chamber direct and continuous throughout the rim zone of the tire so that the chamber formed by the tire is combined with the air chamber to form a continuous single chamber. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 345.1, for similar devices constituting a sectional pneumatic tire. 155 through 166, for similar devices constituting a combined cushion and pneumatic tire. 418, for similar devices wherein the air in the chamber is fed to the tire at reduced pressure.

11	With leaf spring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  The resiliency of the spring wheel with deformable ground engaging part is provided by leaf springs. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 253 through 260 and 270-283 for similar structure in a spring tire.

12	End secured:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 11.  The leaf springs providing the resiliency of the deformable ground engaging part of the spring wheel have their inner ends positively secured in fixed relation to the wheel center. The outer ends may or may not be secured but the springs are secured at no points but their ends.

13	With coil spring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  The resiliency of the spring wheel with deformable ground engaging part is provided by coil springs. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 261 through 267, 284-299 for similar structure in a spring tire.

14	Radial:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  The coil springs providing the resiliency of the deformable ground engaging part of the spring wheel are arranged with their axes extending radially of the axis of the wheel. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 262 through 266, 289-299 for similar structure in a spring tire.

15	Cylinder and piston supported:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.  The radial coil springs providing the resiliency of the deformable ground engaging part of the spring wheel are each combined with a cylinder and piston, the coil being either enclosed within the cylinder or encircling the assembled cylinder and piston.

16	Encircled rod supported:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.  The radial coil springs providing the resiliency of the deformable ground engaging part of the spring wheel have rods extending through them lengthwise.

17	Spring encircling rigid annulus:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Spring wheels having an annular inflexible portion which extends about the wheel outside of the springs. The springs are located radially inwardly of the annulus and resiliently support the annulus against radial motion relative to the wheel center.

18	With nonresilient overload stop:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  The spring wheel with spring encircling rigid annulus is provided with means independent of the springs whereby radial motion of the rigid annulus relative to the wheel center is positively limited. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 29, through 39, for resilient overload stops. 158, for overload stops inside the structure of a pneumatic tire. 165, 166 for overload stops on the outside of the structure of a pneumatic tire. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 301,  Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles,   subclasses 39.1 -40.5 for overload stops associated with a pneumatic tire, but separate therefrom.

19	Convertible to rigid wheel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  The spring wheel with spring encircling rigid annulus is provided with means to secure said rigid annulus rigidly to the wheel center. This converts the spring wheel into a rigid wheel and is for temporary use when springs are broken.

20	With flexible annular support:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  The spring encircling rigid annulus in the spring wheel is resiliently supported against radial motion relative to the wheel center by a flexible strap, bank, cable or chain extending about the wheel. The flexible element is not a spring in the ordinary sense of the term. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 40, 47 through 52 for rubber springs extending continuously about the wheel. 56 through 68 for pneumatic springs extending continuously about the wheel. 69, for leaf springs extending continuously about the wheel 92, for coil springs extending continuously about the wheel.

21	Lateral thrust or tension:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  The spring encircling rigid annulus in the spring wheel is resiliently supported against radial motion relative to the wheel center by mechanism wherein thrust or tension is applied to the springs laterally of the wheel.

22	Combined spring and friction:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.  The lateral thrust or tension mechanism supporting the spring encircling rigid annulus comprises devices wherein friction between two moving elements is increased by spring pressure.

23	Coil springs:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by lateral thrust or tension mechanism involving combined spring and friction devices, the springs are coil springs.

24	Double thrust:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  The lateral thrust or tension mechanism supporting the spring encircling rigid annulus comprises combined coil springs and friction devices so arranged that the springs are acted upon in both directions at once transversely of the wheel.

25	With coil springs:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.  The lateral thrust or tension mechanism supporting the spring encircling rigid annulus comprises coil springs.

26	Rod encircling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25.  The lateral thrust or tension mechanism supporting the spring encircling rigid annulus comprises coil springs having rods extending through them lengthwise. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 25, for such structure wherein the spring encircles the hub.

27	With balls:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.  The lateral thrust or tension mechanism supporting the spring encircling rigid annulus comprises force transmitting balls.

28	Combined spring and friction:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  The spring encircling rigid annulus in the spring wheel is resiliently supported against radial motion relative to the wheel center by devices wherein friction between two moving elements is increased by spring pressure. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 81, for single end secured leaf springs wherein the free end may have some friction.

29	With plural spring types:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  The spring encircling rigid annulus in the spring wheel is resiliently supported against radial motion relative to the wheel center by combined springs of different types, for example, rubber, leaf and coil.

30	Rubber and pneumatic:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by plural spring types, said types are limited to rubber and pneumatic springs.

31	Rubber and leaf:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by plural spring types, said types are limited to rubber and leaf springs.

32	Rubber and coil:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by plural spring types, said types are limited to rubber and coil springs.

33	Annular rubber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by plural spring types limited to rubber and coil springs, the rubber spring forms a continuous ring about the wheel center.

34	Pneumatic and leaf:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by plural spring types, said types are limited to pneumatic and leaf springs.

35	Pneumatic and coil:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by plural spring types, said types are limited to pneumatic and coil springs.

36	Annular pneumatic:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by plural spring types limited to pneumatic and coil springs, the pneumatic spring forms a continuous ring about the wheel center.

37	Leaf and coil:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by plural spring types, said types are limited to leaf and coil springs.

38	Center secured leaf:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by leaf and coil springs only the leaf springs have their centers positively secured in fixed relation to the rigid annulus or to the wheel center. This subclass includes leaf springs which are additionally secured at their ends.

39	End secured leaf:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by leaf and coil springs only, the leaf springs have their opposite ends positively secured in fixed relation to the rigid annulus and the wheel center, respectively, or one end only so secured to the rigid annulus or wheel center.

40	Rubber spring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  The spring encircling rigid annulus in the spring wheel is resiliently supported against radial motion relative to the wheel center by rubber or its equivalent. This subclass includes closed rubber chambers wherein the pressure is atmospheric. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 53 through 68, for closed rubber chambers wherein the pressure is more than atmospheric.

41	In shear:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  The rubber spring supporting the spring encircling rigid annulus in the spring wheel is so constructed and arranged that the rubber is subjected to angular distortion when the wheel is under load. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 44, through 46, for spring wheels wherein rubber block or balls are so arranged that they are placed under shear when positioned adjacent the horizontal center line of the wheel, but which take vertical thrust without shear when positioned adjacent the vertical center line.

42	Cylindrical:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  The rubber springs supporting the spring encircling rigid annulus in the spring wheel are cylindrical in the ordinary sense of the term and have flat ends. They may be tubular and may surround bolts or spokes.

43	Transverse:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 42.  The cylindrical rubber springs supporting the spring encircling rigid annulus in the spring wheel are arranged with their axes extending crosswise of the wheel. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 53, for similarly constructed and arranged pneumatic springs.

44	Blocks or balls:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  The rubber springs supporting the spring encircling rigid annulus in the spring wheel consist of individual rubber blocks or balls as distinguished from sheets, cords or annular formations.

45	With drive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by rubber blocks or balls, said rigid annulus is held against rotation relative to the wheel center, either by modification of wheel or spring elements or by additional means. This subclass includes drive through the springs. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 40, through 44, for patents wherein the drive is by means of friction, cement or vulcanization and involves no modification of wheel or spring elements.

46	With separate annulus guide:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported blocks or balls and having drive means, the rigid annulus is held against lateral movement relative to the wheel center by means other than the springs. This includes devices which hold the rigid annulus against lateral movement in one direction only.

47	Annular:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  The rubber spring supporting the spring encircling rigid annulus in the spring wheel forms a continuous ring about the wheel center.

48	Rigid annulus enclosing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 47.  The annular rubber spring supporting the spring encircling rigid annulus in the spring wheel completely encloses said rigid annulus either by embedding or by enclosure in an annular chamber. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 57, for similar arrangement of an annular pneumatic spring. 251, for similar devices wherein the spring encircling annulus is not rigid.

49	Plural:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 47.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by an annular rubber spring, there are more than one of such springs.

50	With separate annulus guide:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 47.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by an annular rubber spring, said rigid annulus is held against lateral movement relative to the wheel center by means other than said spring. This includes devices which hold the rigid annulus against lateral movement in one direction only.

51	Combined drive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by an annular rubber spring and having guide means, said rigid annulus is held against rotation relative to the wheel center, either by modification of wheel or spring elements or by additional means. This subclass includes drive through the springs. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 47, through 50, for patents wherein the drive is by means of friction, cement or vulcanization, and involves no modification of wheel or spring elements.

52	With drive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 47.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by an annular rubber spring, said rigid annulus is held against rotation relative to the wheel center, either by modification of wheel or spring elements or by additional means. This subclass includes drive through the spring. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 40, through 42 and 47, for devices wherein the drive is by means of friction, cement or vulcanization, and involves no modification of wheel or spring elements.

53	Pneumatic spring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  The spring encircling rigid annulus in the spring wheel is resiliently supported against radial motion relative to the wheel center by a chamber or chambers filled with fluid under pressure greater than atmospheric, whether under load or not, with the exception of ... indented hereunder, wherein the pressure may at times be atmospheric or less. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 40 through 52, for spring wheels with chambers having elastic walls wherein the pressure is atmospheric.

54	Link connected:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 53.  The pneumatic springs supporting the spring encircling rigid annulus in the spring wheel are combined with movable rigid links which transmit force to or from the springs. The links are usually pivotally connected to wheel or spring parts but may merely bear upon the combined parts without positive connection.

55	Cylinder and piston:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 53.  The pneumatic springs supporting the spring encircling rigid annulus in the spring wheel each consists of a cylinder and piston wherein air in the cylinder cushions the piston against telescoping action.

56	Annular:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 53.  The pneumatic spring supporting the spring encircling rigid annulus in the spring wheel forms a continuous ring about the wheel center. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 55, for annular chambers combined with cylinders and pistons. 60, 67 for such structure wherein the pneumatic spring is fixed to the rigid annulus, thereby forming a positive driving connection through the spring. 159, 161, for similar structure in a pneumatic tire.

57	Rigid annulus enclosing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 56.  The annular pneumatic spring supporting the spring encircling rigid annulus in the spring wheel completely encloses said rigid annulus, either by embedding or by enclosure in an annular chamber. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 48, for similar arrangement of an annular rubber spring. 200, for similar devices wherein the spring encircling annulus is not rigid.

58	Plural:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 56.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by an annular pneumatic spring, there are more than one of such springs.

59	With separate annulus guide:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 56.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by an annular pneumatic spring, said rigid annulus is held against lateral movement relative to the wheel center by means other than said spring. This includes devices which hold the rigid annulus against lateral movement in one direction only. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 162 through 164, for similar structure in a pneumatic tire.

60	Combined drive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by an annular pneumatic spring and having guide means, said rigid annulus is held against rotation relative to the wheel center, either by modification of wheel or spring elements or by additional means. This subclass includes drive through the springs. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 56 through 59, for such devices wherein the drive is by means of friction, cement or vulcanization and involves no modification of wheel or spring elements.

61	Spring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by an annular pneumatic spring with guide means and combined drive, the drive is cushioned. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 30, 34, and 35, for annular pneumatic springs in combination with springs of different types which act as both support and drive springs.

62	Links:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by an annular pneumatic spring, with guide means and combined drive, the drive consists of a link or links pivotally or flexibly connecting said rigid annulus to the wheel center.

63	Radial:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by an annular pneumatic spring, with guide means and combined drive, the drive consists of fixed radially extending elements on the rigid annulus engaging an element on the wheel center or vice versa.

64	Studs or lugs:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by an annular pneumatic spring, with guide means and combined drive, the drive consists of a laterally extending stud on the rigid annulus engaging an element on the wheel center of vice versa.

65	Through bolts:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by an annular pneumatic spring, with guide means and combined drive, the drive consists of a bolt or its equivalent passing through both the rigid annulus and a part fixed to the hub or axle, one of said elements having a clearance for the bolt to allow relative radial movement between the parts.

66	Anti-creep:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by an annular pneumatic spring, with guide means and combined drive, the drive consists of interfitting irregularities of the contacting annular surfaces of the rigid annulus and the annular spring, or of irregularities upon the rigid annulus which indent the spring. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 384, for anti-creep devices to prevent creeping of pneumatic tires on their rims.

67	With drive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 56.  In a spring wheel having a spring encircling rigid annulus supported by an annular pneumatic spring, said rigid annulus is held against rotation relative to the wheel center, either my modification of wheel or spring elements or by additional means. This subclass includes drive through the springs. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 56 through 59, for such devices wherein the drive is by means of friction, cement or vulcanization and involves no modification of wheel or spring elements.