Class Definition for Class 144

Patents > Guidance, Tools, and Manuals >> Classification >>> Class Definition

Class Numbers & Titles | Class Numbers Only | USPC Index | International | HELP

You are viewing a Class definition.

CLASS 144,	WOODWORKING
Click here for a printable version of this file

SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class includes any machine or process for working in wood not classified elsewhere under a more specific title.

SECTION II - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

12,	Boot and Shoe Making, for cutting, shaping, or grooving a wooden heel where means is provided to hold or position the work, which means is configured or modified to engage a particular heel structure.
29,	Metal Working, subclasses 428+ and 700+ for an assembly method or apparatus respectively not more specifically provided for elsewhere.
173,	Tool Driving or Impacting, for subject matter directed to driving or impacting a tool, when such subject matter includes combined features peculiar to tool driving, but which does not include features limiting the subject matter to a specific tool art, such as the specific shape of the work-contacting portion of a tool, related tools, or an opposed work support.
175,	Boring or Penetrating the Earth, for a process or apparatus for boring a hole in the Earth.
227,	Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus, for applying a member (e.g., dowel).
241,	Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, especially subclass 28 for a processor apparatus for performing a nonshaping comminuting operation on wood; see section 4 of the class definition of Class 241 for the line.
269,	Work Holders, for a device for clamping, supporting, or holding an article (or articles) in position to be operated on or treated. See notes thereunder for other related loci.
483,	Tool Changing, generally for a process or apparatus including a tool transfer means combined with either a tool support or storage means.

SECTION III - GLOSSARY

BARK

The peripheral natural covering of a tree*.

GRAIN

Fibers of wood* that extend along the length of a tree*.

LOG

A longitudinal section cut from a tree*, generally cut normal thereto at both ends.

LUMBER

Building material cut from a tree*, generally cut from a log*, generally without bark*.

SLAB

A portion of a log* comprising a longitudinally extending section cut from the side of a log*, similar to lumber*, but with the bark* side uncut.

TREE

A plant large enough to serve as a source of lumber*.

WOOD

The fibrous material of a tree*.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 1.1]

1.1

COMBINED MACHINE:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including a first structure for performing an operation of this class on a workpiece, and including a second structure for performing a second, distinct, operation on the same or a second workpiece.

(1) Note. The first operation under this definition must be woodworking, the second must be distinct from the first and may comprise a woodworking operation or a nonwoodworking operation. Also, the "second" operation may be simultaneous with the first, in sequence thereto, or completely independent thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

2.1+,

for a machine for making a particular article and not readily adaptable to general use.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 2.1]

2.1

SPECIAL-WORK MACHINE:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Machine adapted to perform some particular operation or make some particular article and which, unless modified to a considerable degree, would not be useful for a general woodworking operation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

409,	Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, subclasses 1+ for a method or apparatus for cutting a gear, including cutting a gear of wood.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 3.1]

3.1

Combined:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Special-work machine including a first structure for performing an operation of this class on a workpiece and including a second structure for performing a second, distinct, operation on the same or a second workpiece.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1.1+,

for a combined machine under the class definition, generally.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 3.5]

3.5

Wheel facing or hub boring:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Special work machine particularly adapted to (a) cut a planar surface on a wheel normal to its axis or (b) cut a cylindrical passage along the axis of the wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

29,	Metal Working, subclasses 894+ for a method of making a wheel other than of wood.
157,	Wheelwright Machines, for means to treat a wheel, particularly subclass 2 for a rim tightener and subclasses 3+ for a spoke setter.
301,	Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, for a wheel made by the apparatus of this subclass.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 4]

Circular section:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Machine particularly adapted to work on spindles, balusters, and similar work which is circular in cross-section.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

142,	Wood Turning, for the cutting of a rotating workpiece or of a nonrotating workpiece by a cutter that orbits thereabout with movement of the cutter other than axially with respect to the workpiece.
408,	Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, for cutting by relative rotation of a tool and workpiece with only axial movement therebetween.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 4.1]

4.1

Timber cutting and handling:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Special work machine particularly adapted to (a) bring a tree down and manipulate a portion, (b) remove and manipulate the branches from a trunk of a tree, (c) remove and manipulate the bark from a tree or log without substantial shaping, or (d) treat a tree or product incidental to any of the above and manipulate a component thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

34.1,	for a tree felling means, generally.
335+,	for a method of tree harvesting or processing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

30,

Cutlery, subclasses 165+ for a cutting tool which may be capable of severing a tree from the ground, but without limitation that would limit it to timber harvesting or processing (e.g., without means to push the trunk of a tree as it is severed from the stump. More particularly, search subclasses 90.1+ for means for cutting a tree by a constricting band, search subclasses 166.3+ of Class 30 for a saw capable of cutting timber, still more specifically, search subclasses 381+ for a chain saw and subclasses 388+ for a rotary saw.

4.2	Assembly-line type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Special work machine including a first working station and a distinct, second working station and including means to transport the work from the first station to the second station.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 4.3]

4.3

Pivoted travelling:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Special work machine adapted to perform more than a single operation including support means for a tool comprising an arm on which at least one tool is supported for sliding movement therealong, wherein that arm is, in turn, supported for movement about an axis.

(1) Note. A "radial-arm" saw is a "pivoted travelling" woodworking machine.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 4.4]

4.4

Tie gaining and boring:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Special work machine including structure particularly adapted to cutting a groove in a workpiece of lumber at substantially right angles to the grain combined with structure particularly adapted to forming or enlarging an opening within the workpiece; wherein the workpiece comprises a rail supporting tie to be used on a railroad.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

133.1,

for gaining a railroad tie, generally; see the notes thereunder for a discussion of "gaining."

4.5	Carried by tract car:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Special work machine adapted to perform more than a single operation, which machine is supported to ride on a vehicle that, in turn, is guided to move along a rail.

4.6	Splitting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Special work machine adapted to perform more than a single operation, including a member having a sharp edge and two sides tapering therefrom, which sharp edge is intended to be forced between the grains of a wood workpiece such that the tapering sides force one grain from the other thereby separating one portion of the workpiece from another in the direction of the grain of the wood.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 4.7]

4.7

Assembling connector to wood strip for subsequent assembly with another wood strip:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Special work machine adapted to perform more than a single operation, including means to bring together or secure together a wood member with a member intended to hold the wood member to an adjacent, similar, wood member.

(1) Note. Included herein is means for making a parquet flooring subassembly.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 4.8]

4.8

Printing or marking:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Special work machine wherein the second structure is particularly adapted to placing an identifying coating on a workpiece, which coating may comprise recognizable indicia.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

101,	Printing, for a process of or apparatus for placing a recognizable indicia on a workpiece, generally. Generally speaking, the recording of intelligence by cutting is proper subject matter for Class 101, Printing. More particularly, individual cases of cutting machines or method may be tested for aptness to Class 101 by reference to the following statements: (a) A patent for a machine or process for cutting on or adjacent the printed or written matter on a document to prevent unauthorized or fraudulent alteration of such matter due to the proximity of the cut surfaces to the printed or written matter (e.g., check protecting) will be placed originally in Class 101, subclasses 3.1+ ; (b) A patent for a machine or process for cutting work in the form of a character, a design, or a pattern which will impart information to an observer is proper for Class 101, subclasses 3.1+, if a cut is disclosed as extending only part way through the thickness of the work (e.g., embossing). If all of the cuts forming such character, design, or pattern are disclosed as extending all the way through the thickness of the work, and the work is of wood, the patent will be found in Class 144; (c) If in addition to a cutting machine or process of this class 144 there is claimed a means or step peculiar to Class 101 (e.g., the application of ink to the cutting tool to additionally outline or mark an aperture made by the punch), such an addition has been considered sufficient to place a patent directed to such combination in Class 101, subclasses 3.1+. This is in accordance with the general rule that a patent for a combination of cutting with another treatment of the work will be placed in the class of the other treatment; (d) An original patent claiming both the process and apparatus for the manufacture of stencils by cutting, or only such process, will be found in Class 101, subclass 128.4.
118,	Coating Apparatus, for means to place a coating on a workpiece.
401,	Coating Implements With Material Supply, for a pencil which may be used to mark a wood workpiece.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 4.9]

4.9

Slabbing-off, log squaring:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Special work machine including (a) means for slicing off a side wall (i.e., parallel to the grain) of a log to make a planar surface and including means for performing a second operation or (b) means for slicing off a side wall (also parallel to the grain) normal to the surface of a previously sliced off side wall.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

83,	Cutting, subclasses 703+ for cutting a rectilinearly reciprocating workpiece by making plural passes of a diminishing workpiece through a work station (e.g., for cutting lumber out a log).

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 5]

Blind or sash cutting:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Machine adapted to perform two or more operations in the making of a wood component of a window covering which (a) blocks out light or (b) which includes a transparent component which transmits light.

(1) Note. A machine for performing a single operation in the manufacture of a window blind or sash -- such as planing, tenoning, shaping, etc.-- is classified under these various headings with a general operation machine.

6	Relishing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Machine adapted to the frame of a blind or sash by more than a single operation.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 6.5]

6.5

Box making:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Special work machine particularly adapted to assemble the components of a container of wood or to perform more than a single operation in fabricating such a container.

(1) Note. Assembling plus another operation of fabricating a container is included herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

24.03,	for means for making a box of wood, generally.
25,	for a box hooping means.
135,	for a box trimming means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

147,	Coopering, for assembling the components or fabricating a wood barrel or bucket, generally.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 7]

Box blank making:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Machine adapted by more than one operation to cut a planar member to later be formed into a box.

(1) Note. A machine for performing a single operation in the production of box-blanks is classified with the general machine performing such respective operations.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 8]

Chair-round trimming and tenoning:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Machine adapted to cut off the end of a chair frame structure intended to extend from one chair leg to the other and form a tenon at the end of such frame structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

205,	for a machine which makes a tenon by turning.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

142,	Wood Turning, for cutting a rotating wood workpiece, generally.

9	Clothespin making:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Machine adapted to perform two or more operations in the manufacture of a clip member intended to hold fabric to a suspending strand or bar.

10	Conveyor flight making:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Machine adapted to perform two or more operations in the manufacture of a conveyor flight.

Handle making:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Machine adapted to perform two or more operations in the manufacture of a handle for use on any of various implements.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

196+,

for a device for punching a hand hole in a handle.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 12]

Pin making:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Machine adapted to perform two or more operations in the manufacture of wooden pins.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

30,	for pin making by a single operation.
196,	for woodworking by a punching cutter.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 13]

Shingle making:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Machine adapted to perform two or more operations in the manufacture of shingles.

(1) Note. A "shingle" in this subclass comprises a thin, oblong (usually rectangular) sheet of wood intended to be laid in overlapping rows to cover the roof or side of a house.

(2) Note. The art of this subclass includes making: a "shingle" which is sometimes limited to such member that is sawn on top and bottom to taper from one end to the other, a "shake" which is split on the top edge and sawn on the bottom edge, and a "board" which is split on both the top and bottom edge.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 14]

Spool making:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Machine adapted to perform two or more operations in the manufacture of a wood member intended to have strand material wrapped thereabout.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

24.07,

for a woodworking machine for making a bobbin, generally.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 15]

Wheel spoke tenoning and hub or felly boring:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Machine adapted to form a tenon on the end of wheel spoke and bore a hole in the wheel hub or felly to receive that tenon.

(1) Note. A conventional wood wheel consists of a hub, the portion nearest the axle which receives either the "web" or the "spokes," depending on the type wheel. The spokes extend to the outer periphery of the wheel where they are received by the "felly," a wood band having sockets for the ends of the spokes. An iron band called a "tire" holds the components of the felly against radial movement and acts as the surface of the wheel to engage the ground.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 16]

Wheel hub making:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Machine adapted to perform two or more operations in making a wheel hub.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

15,	(1) Note, for a discussion of the components of a wheel.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 18]

Wheel spoke trimming and tenoning:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Machine adapted to perform two or more operations to cut a wheel spoke to a desired length and form a tenon at the end thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

205,	for a machine which makes a tenon by turning.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

142,	Wood Turning, for cutting a rotating wood workpiece, generally.

19	Window-stile-pocket cutting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Machine adapted to cut a mortise in the frame of a window for receipt of a tenon by means of two or more operations.

20	Disk cutting and boring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine particularly adapted to perform two or more operations to cut out a cylindrical blank and to cut the interior thereof to form or enlarge an opening therein.

Disk cutting:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine adapted to cut out or otherwise shape a very short cylinder.

(1) Note. The machine of this subclass is commonly used to make a cork, bung, etc.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 23]

By rotary tubular cutter:

This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Machine for cutting a disk by means of a cylindrical cutter which is rotated about its central axil as the end thereof is brought into contact with the work in order to obtain a shearing cut.

(1) Note. The workpiece of this subclass may be cork.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

142,	Wood Turning, subclasses 32+ for wood turning by a tool having a hollow cutting head.
408,	Cutting by Use of Rotating, Axially Moving Tool, for cutting a workpiece by a tool that moves axially with respect to the workpiece without additional relative motion; particularly subclasses 229+ for a cutting tool of that class having an axially extending relief channel.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 24]

By sweep cutter:

This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Machine having a cutting blade mounted in a rotating block adapted to turn about an axis through the block, such that the blade penetrates the workpiece, then, by rotation of the block, is orbited about a path to cut a circle of product away from the remaining work.

(1) Note. In most cases, the device of this subclass has means for setting the blade at varying distances from the center and may have means for setting the blade at an angle in order to cut a tapering cork or bung.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

30,	Cutlery, subclasses 310+ for a sweep cutter of general utility.

24.02	Core or panel machine:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine particularly adapted to making a member to be enclosed by another member or a planar member to be encircled by a casing.

24.03

Box making:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine particularly adapted to manufacture a container of wood.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

6.5,	for combined machines for making a box of wood.
25,	for a box hooping machine.
135,	for a box trimming means.

24.04

Box hinging:

This subclass is indented under subclass 24.03. Machine particularly adapted to preparing a container for receipt of a hinge to be assembled therewith or for assembly of such a hinge and container.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

6.5,	for a combined machine for making a box.
7,	for a combined machine for making a box blank.
27,	for a machine for cutting the seat for a hinge, including the seat for a box hinge.

24.05	Block surfacing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine particularly adapted to smooth an outer surface of a six-sided member the sides of which meet, generally, at right angles.

24.06	Stopper making:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine intended to form a member intended to be used to plug a hole in a container.

24.07

Bobbin making:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine intended to form a member intended to be used to form a spoollike device for storing thread for use in a textile manufacturing operation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

14,	for a combined machine for making a spool.

24.08	Bowling pin making:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine intended to form a member intended to be used as one of the targets in a game of "bowling."

24.09

Bowling ball making:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine intended to form a spherical member intended to be used as the rolling projectile in a game of "bowling."

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

408,	Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, subclass 16 for means for drilling a finger hole in a bowling ball, including gauge means to establish the angle and direction of the hole.

24.1	Log punching:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine intended to pierce radially through a log*.

24.11	And expanding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Machine intended to also force the grain of the wood apart in the area pierced.

24.12

Stump removing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Machine intended to in situ destroy the portion of a tree remaining in the earth after the trunk has been removed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

334,	for a method of removing a stump.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

37,	Excavating, for digging a stump out of the ground, generally; particularly subclass 195 for such a process.

24.13

Tree delimbing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine adapted to remove the branches from a standing tree intended to be felled or from a felled tree at the site of felling.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

34.1+,	for tree felling means combined with delimbing means.
208.1+,	for a debarking means combined with a delimbing means.
343,	for a method of tree delimbing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

30,

Cutlery, for a randomly manipulated implement for pruning, generally; particularly subclasses 166.3+ for a saw, with or without a drive motor, for cutting the limbs off any plant; and subclasses 173+ for a tool having plural blades with or without a drive motor. More particularly, search subclasses 175+ for a nipper, especially subclass 180 for motorized nipper; and subclasses 194+ for a shear, especially subclass 228 for a motorized shear.

47,

Plant Husbandry, subclass 1.01 for pruning the branches off a particular variety of plant (e.g., off a palm).

24.14	Lumber deknotting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine intended to remove irregularities from lumber.

24.15

Ring jointing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine intended to connect a first wood member to an overlying second wood member by grooving the first generally annularly, and grooving the second such that an intermediate annular flange will prevent relative lateral motion therebetween.

(1) Note. Commonly a bolt will secure the wood members from movement away from each other.

24.16	Patch cutting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine intended to either (a) remove undesired material from lumber or other wood in anticipation of insertion of replacement material or (b) cut such replacement material.

24.17

Using rattan:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine intended to work with material from a vine or climbing Asian palm.

(1) Note. Making of wickerwork is included herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

333,	for a process of making a product of rattan.

24.18	Ladder making:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine intended to construct a portable member intended to be climbed.

24.19	Rack or grid making:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine intended to construct a compartmented support or framework.

24.2	Staglike handle making:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine intended to carve a handle of wood in a manner to cause the handle to appear as if it is of the horn of a deer or similar animal.

24.21	Oil cake trimming:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine intended to remove surplus material from the edge of a wood block, which wood block is used as a filler in a press which expresses oil from an oil bearing product (e.g., from cotton seed).

24.22

Wood shoe or wood shoe last making:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine intended to construct, of wood, a member intended to be worn on the foot of a man; or to make, of wood, a member to become a foot underlying, stiffening part of a member intended to be worn on the foot of a man.

(1) Note. A wood shoe may be called a sabot.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

134.2,

for a shaping machine of general utility especially adapted to making a wooden shoe or wood last.

24.23	Garment hanger making:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine intended to construct a removable member intended to storingly support an article of apparel.

24.24	Golf club making:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine intended to construct an implement intended to propel a ball in the game of golf.

24.25

Lifter:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine comprising means to raise a a workpiece against gravity in the performance of a woodworking operation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

254,	Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, for a lifting device, generally.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 25]

Box hooping:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine adapted to apply a band around a small box, wherein the band is usually made of wire.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

6.5,	for a combined machine for making a box.
24.03,	for box making, generally.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

147,	Coopering, subclasses 7 through 12for a machine for assembling a hoop on a wood barrel or bucket and subclasses 43 through 46 for means related to making the hoop.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 26]

Comb-teeth cutting:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine adapted to cut comb-teeth in the manufacture of combs.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

119,	Animal Husbandry, subclasses 86+ for a currycomb.
132,	Toilet, subclasses 219+ for a toilet comb.
425,	Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus, for a means to shape the teeth of a comb from plastic material.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 27]

Hinge-seat cutting:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine adapted to cut the mortise or bed in the wood in which a hinge is to be placed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

6.5,	for a combined machine for making a box, which may include cutting the seat for a hinge.
24.04,	for means for performing an operation for hinging a box, other than hinge seat cutting.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 28]

Pencil-wood making:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Machine adapted to perform such operations in the manufacture of pencil-wood as are not elsewhere specifically classified.

(1) Note. A machine for performing one of such operations as splitting, slicing, sawing, planing, turning, etc., is placed in the respective class of a machine of general utility.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

41,	for a combined machine for shaping and dividing, generally.

[List of Patents for class 144 subclass 28.1]

28.1

Pencil sharpening:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. A machine including (a) a holder or guide for a workpiece, which workpiece consists of or includes a piece of attritable marking material and (b) either a cutting tool, or a cutting tool and means engaging the tool to retain it on the machine, said tool being movable with respect to the work holder or guide, or to the tool-engaging means, for removing a portion of the material from the end of the workpiece to form a point or beveled edge thereon.

(1) Note. A patent to a guide and tool subcombination disclosed only as bei