This class contains inventions relating to prime movers or
engines in which a combustible material is burned within an inc
losed space or chamber and the heat energy thus developed converted
into work by permitting the resulting products of combustion to
act upon and through mechanical powers, the engine in question including
suitable mechanism whereby the functions above enumerated are continually
and automatically carried out, and such engine being designed to
communicate power to some machine or device exterior to itself.
The space or combustion chamber above referred to is ordinarily
the interior of the working cylinder of the engine, the products
of combustion acting immediately upon a reciprocating, rotating,
or oscillating piston moving within the same chamber in which combustion
takes place or in an extension thereof. Some types of internal-combustion
engines, however, besides fulfilling the conditions above mentioned,
have a transfer valve operated by and in unison therewith located
between the combustion chamber and the elements upon and through which
the products of combustion act to thereby control the flow of said
products, in which case the above mentioned transfer valve is operated
to establish communication between the combustion chamber and the working
cylinder at the instant of ignition or prior thereto, so that the
piston is driven by burning products of combustion.
The working fluid is ordinarily such as results from combustion
alone; but in some of the engines in this class a small quantity
of water is supplied to the engine, generally by injecting it directly
into the interior of the combustion-chamber during or after the
combustion of the combustible material; but in all engines using
water the amount used is comparatively small, so that the resulting
steam is necessarily in a superheated condition.
This class also includes separate parts of engines coming
within the above definition and also subordinate elements designed
for use with such engines, and incapable of use in the manner contemplated
with other devices or in other relations.
From the above it will be seen that devices go into this class
because of a function performed by a given element or combination
of elements rather than because of any particular structure of such
elements, and therefore, given structural features forming a machine
adapted for use as an internal-combustion engine, may be found in any
other classes having machines of like general structure. Thus probably
any given structure adapted for use as an internal-combustion engine
could generally with slight modification be used as steam or other
heat engine, and often as an air, gas, or water pump, a hydraulic
motor, a meter, etc. This would not ordinarily be the case with
the subordinate or auxiliary devices included in this class, as
from what appears above such subordinate elements as the class contains
are adapted for use in the manner contemplated only with or forming
a part of an internal-combustion engine.
It therefore follows that a search for a given general mechanical
structure adapted for use as an internal-combustion engine will
generally need to be continued in the classes above indicated.
Further fields of search for the various subordinate elements
designed for and adapted to be used only with internal-combustion
engines, and therefore included in this class, are indicated in
the definitions hereinafter appearing of those various subclasses.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A compilation of all types of motors will be found in the Notes
to the class definition of Class 60.
The following examples of terminology have been considered
to be a nominal inclusion of an internal combustion engine and if
so claimed would not preclude classification in Class 417:
(a) a cam driven pump; (b) a "crank (shaft)" driven pump;
(c) a "gear" driven pump; (d) a "chain" driven pump;
(e) a "belt" driven pump; (f) a "fluid" driven pump;
(g) an "electrically" driven pump; (h) a pump
and an "outlet" "tube" and "injector".
The following pump control parameters are separately appropriate
for Class 417. Control by both of these parameters is appropriate
for Class 123;
(a) engine speed control; (b) manifold vacuum.
The following examples have been considered to be significant
inclusion of an engine and if so claimed would cause classification
in Class 123 if otherwise appropriate.
(a) timing of the pump relative to the engine; (b) engine temperature
control of the pump.
(1)
Note. When the pump-engine combination is claimed broadly,
it is properly classified in Class 123. When the output of the pump is
not delivered to the engine, classification is proper in Class 417.
Expansible Chamber Devices, appropriate subclasses. Class 123 takes an expansible
chamber device or element thereof which is limited for use in an
internal combustion engine. However, since Class 123, has not been
cleared, many expansible chamber devices which are not limited for
use in an internal combustion engine will be found in Class 123,
without any stated line or perceptible distinction with the subject
matter found in Class 92.
Pumps, appropriate subclasses for pumps, per se, which may be
disclosed as internal-combustion engine accessories and particularly
subclass 34 for an internal-combustion engine driving a pump
and having means for controlling the engine in response to a condition
of the pump or pump fluid, subclasses 73+ for pumps in
which one fluid is pumped by the ignition of another in direct contact
therewith; subclass 364, for pumps driven by an internal-combustion
engine; and subclass 380, for fluid motor driven pumps in which
the motive fluid for the fluid motor is generated by an internal-combustion
engine. Internal-combustion engine driven pumps are classified in
Class 417 even though the pump may be solely disclosed as a mere
accessory of or ancillary to the operation of the engine (e.g.,
cooling fluid pump, fuel pump, etc.). However, this class (123)
takes those internal-combustion engine driven accessory pumps when
the claims reflect a fluid connection between the pump and the engine, provided
there is no additional pump fluid inlet or outlet claimed for supplying
or exhausting fluid for use external of the engine.
Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 313 through 320wherein the waste is destroyed by burning it in
an internal - combustion engine. Also, see cross-reference art collection,
subclass 900, for apparatus used to treat hazardous or toxic waste.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal combustion engines not coming within the terms
of the definition of some one of the following internal-combustion
engine subclasses. This subclass contains patents relating to cycles
or modes of operation not hereinafter provided for or in which the
cycle or mode of operation is not definitely determined by the structure
disclosed and will not ordinarily contain patents relating to definite mechanical
structure.
(1)
Note. Given mechanical structures not provided for in structural
subclasses, but operating upon a definite and determined cycle of
operation provided for in this classification, are classified in
miscellaneous functional or cycle subclasses, such as 65, and subclasses
indented thereunder, and 311+, and indented subclasses,
etc.
(2)
Note. The use of unconventional fuels as found in this subclass
are commonly hazardous and toxic waste and their chemical destruction
or containment is found in Class 588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction
or Containment.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Combinations not coming within the terms of the following
subclasses of combined devices in which an internal-combustion engine,
is disclosed and claimed in combination with some other device not
in itself classifiable in some appropriate subclass of internal-combustion
engines and which combined device itself is not treated as a unitary
machine in the general system of Office classification and as such
classified in some appropriate class.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Combinations of an internal-combustion engine together with
means for generating and supplying a combustible mixture thereto,
the engine and generating apparatus being ordinarily capable of
separation, but disclosed and claimed in combination, and the elements
collectively forming a complete plant for developing and applying
power. In the power plants occurring herein the various elements
constituting the generating portion of the plant are of ordinary
or commercial form and if presented by themselves would be classified
in other classes or subclasses. Patents covering the engine and
generating device together are classified in the class of internal-combustion engines,
because all the elements of the plant are so correlated as to develop
and apply power by means including an internal combustion engine.
(1)
Note. The devices occurring in this subclass differ from many
of the engines in subclasses of oil engines in that in an oil-engine
the source of power is always a liquid hydrocarbon and the elements concerned
with the vaporization of the oil and those constituting the engine
are so designed with reference to each other as to form a single
unitary machine incapable of being separated into its component
sets of elements without defeating the operation of the engine as
a whole in the manner contemplated.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines irrespective of cycle or mode
of operation, comprising a stationary inclosing casing, sections
of which perpendicular to its axis are bounded by circular arcs
concentric to said axis, and a movable member or piston therein
moving in contact with the inner walls of the said casing, said
piston partaking of an oscillating or swinging motion about the
axis of the casing and, together with the walls thereof, inclosing
a space or chamber within which the burned gases act expansively
to impel the piston.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines in which a body of liquid is
interposed between the burned gases and the working piston or equivalent
element, whereby power is communicated to the main driving-shaft
of the engine, the said liquid preventing the burned gases within
the combustion-chamber and working cylinder from coming into direct
contact with the working piston or equivalent element.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and a working
piston-reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other structural
features, in which means are provided whereby the mode of operation
of the engine may be determined and the engine caused to operate upon
either a two-stroke or a four-stroke cycle.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Engines including in their structure elements normally found
only in hot-air engines and other elements normally found only in internal-combustion
engines and having steps in their cycle of operation peculiar to
both such types of engines. This subclass includes engines including
elements selected from both the above-mentioned types and convertible either
at will or automatically, as by a suitable governing device, so
as to operate either as hot-air or as internal-combustion engines,
and engines operating upon a predetermined cycle, including working
strokes, upon which the piston is impelled alternately by gases
heated within the working cylinder by combustion, as in internal-combustion
engines, and by gases heated within the working cylinder by contact with
the inner surface of said working cylinder and the clearance-space.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines in which a solid nonexplosive
fuel or combustible is introduced into and burned within the working
cylinder of an internal-combustion engine or into a combustion-chamber
in permanently open communication therewith and the energy of the resulting
gases converted into work by permitting them to expand and act upon
a piston moving in the said cylinder. The solid fuel may be introduced
into the working cylinder upon each successive cycle of operation
of the engine and in quantities sufficient only to supply the energy
required for the successive working strokes of the engine, or it
may be introduced at comparatively long intervals of time and in quantities
sufficient to furnish energy for several working strokes, in which
case air only is supplied upon the successive cycles of operation
to consume portions of the charge of fuel already within the engine.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines in which a charge of gun powder
or other explosive substances is supplied to and exploded within
the cylinder of the engine or combustion-chamber in communication
therewith and the energy of the resulting gases converted into work
by permitting them to act upon a moving part of the engine. This
subclass is intended to include all engines using an explosive substance
as above, irrespective of other structural features, cycle, or mode
of operation.
and 445+, for feeding mechanism available,
generally for the purpose of supplying the explosive substance to engines
of the type occurring in this subclass.
Power Plants,
subclasses 632+ , for one shot explosion actuated expansible chamber
type motors, and subclass 39.47 for combustion products generators
combined with motors, other than internal-combustion engines, which
operate on solid fuel containing an oxidizer.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and a working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other structural
features, cycle, or mode of operation, in which the combustible
mixture supplied to and burned within the working cylinder contains
a quantity of aqueous vapor or in which water in any form is supplied
to the working cylinder after a charge has been ignited therein.
The water may be supplied to the air and hydrocarbon before the
charge is ignited in which case the combustible charge is made up
of air, hydrocarbon, and aqueous vapor, or a combustible mixture of
air and hydrocarbon may be ignited in the working cylinder, the
water being supplied to the expanding gases therein during the working stroke.
In cases where water in the form of steam is supplied to the combustible
mixture, as above, the steam is frequently generated by means of
heat ordinarily lost in the operation of the engine, as by the heat
of the exhaust-gases, or the cooling-jacket may be utilized as a steam-generator
to supply water to the combustible charge.
Power Plants,
subclass 39.54 where combustion products are used as a motive
fluid having addition of steam or water within a prime mover, subclass
712 for an engine operated selectively or simultaneously by internal
combustion of fuel and by expansion of motive fluid or subclass
775 for a process of introducing water or steam.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines in which a combustible mixture
is ignited in the working cylinder at the beginning of the working
stroke, as in the ordinary operation of internal-combustion engine,
after which and at some time before the end of the working stroke
an additional quantity of compressed air or equivalent non-combustible
gas is supplied to the working cylinder and mingles with the burned
gases therein, the piston being impelled through the remaining portion
of its working stroke by the combined action of the burned gases
and the air supplied thereto.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines in which air or equivalent noncombustible
gas is supplied to the working cylinder and compressed therein by
a distinct compression-stroke of the working piston to such a degree
that the temperature of the gas rises to such a point that a combustible
supplied thereto will be ignited by the highly-compressed noncombustible
gas upon coming into contact therewith, after which and after the
beginning of the working stroke a combustible upon being supplied
to the body of the compressed noncombustible gas ignited as it comes
into contact therewith and burns at constant pressure or perhaps
constant temperature. The cycle upon which the engines occurring
in this subclass operate, is sometimes designated by text-writers
as the "Diesel" cycle.
(1)
Note. For engines in which gas is burned at constant pressure,
see this class, subclasses 61 and 68.
Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 86 , 87, 88+, 95, 96, and 533.2+ for
nozzles disclosed for injecting fuel into combustion chambers of
internal combustion engines.
Oil-Engines:
The "oil-engine" subclasses contain internal-combustion
engines, having a cylinder and a working piston reciprocating therein,
but irrespective of other structural features, cycle, or mode of
operation, which are designed to be operated by a liquid hydrocarbon
and in which the means concerned with the supply and vaporization
of the oil so closely associated with the elements constituting
the engine that a true combination would appear to exist between
the two sets of elements. A given mechanism including an engine
and means for supplying oil thereto to be burned therein is not classified
as an oil-engine merely because it is designed to use oil as a source
of power if the means whereby the oil or vapor is supplied to the
engine is capable of separation therefrom and of use with other
engines without affecting the operation of either the engine or
the oil-supplying devices. A given structure will be classified
in these subclasses only in cases where mechanical separation of
the elements concerned with the supply or vaporization of the oil
from the elements constituting the engine is impossible without
defeating the operation of the device as a whole in the manner contemplated
by the inventor, and a simple pipe or equivalent connection through
which the exhaust-gases from the engine are conducted to the oil-supplying
or vaporizing device to heat the same is not considered as bringing
the two sets of elements into such intimate association as to make
the whole mechanism a single device and as such classifiable as an
oil-engine. From these considerations it therefore ordinarily follows
that patents disclosing both an engine and a device for supplying
it with oil or vapor therefrom and which do not come within the
terms of the above definition, and are therefore not classifiable
in oil-engine subclasses, are classified and cross-referenced according
to the separate groups of elements entering into and forming the
complete device, the oil-supplying or vaporizing device ordinarily
going into appropriate subclasses of Charge-forming devices and
the engine into appropriate subclasses in this class, according
to its form, mode or operation, of other distinguishing features.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other structural
features, cycle, or mode of operation, in which two or more separate
and distinct charges of combustible mixture are burned and act in
succession upon the working piston during each working stroke thereof,
each charge after the first upon ignition entering the cylinder
and mingling with and tending to increase the pressure of the burned
gases already therein.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines of the reciprocating type wherein
the working piston is permanently connected with the main driving-shaft
of the engine in which a combustible mixture is burned within the
working cylinder thereof and the resulting gases cooled and condensed,
thereby producing a more or less perfect vacuum within the said
working cylinder, whereupon atmospheric pressure acts upon the said
working piston to move it through a working stroke. The pressure
of the atmosphere may be the only force acting upon the working
piston, or the engine may be so designed that the combustible gases
upon being ignited generate pressure which also acts upon the said
working piston.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines of the reciprocating type, but
irrespective of other structural features, in which the combustible mixture
is ignited in the working cylinder at or substantially at atmospheric
pressure. The combustible mixture ordinarily begins to enter the
working cylinder at the beginning of the working stroke in which
case it is ignited at atmospheric pressure, as above, after a definite portion
of the working stroke has been performed and the whole charge supplied,
the engine thus working upon a two-stroke cycle without compression.
The charge may, however, be drawn into the working cylinder by a distinct
charging stroke, such stroke being followed by a stroke corresponding
with the compression-stroke in four cycle engines during which the
exhaust-valve is held open and the charge then ignited under atmospheric
pressure at the beginning of the third or working stroke, in which
case the engine works upon a four-stroke cycle without compression.
(1)
Note. Engines in this subclass working on the two stroke cycle
without compression, as above, differ from the majority of the engines
occurring in subclass 68, and engines working upon a similar cycle
occurring in subclass 61, only in the degree of pressure under which
the charge exists before the ignition thereof.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and a working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other structural
features, cycle, or mode of operation, in which means are provided
for causing the engine to run in either direction at the will of
the operator and subordinate mechanism for accomplishing the same
result, but not disclosed in connection with all the elements necessary
to form a complete and operative engine.
(1)
Note. In this connection it should be observed that engines
working upon a two-stroke cycle are frequently capable of operating
in either direction without addition to or change in the elements necessary
to the operation thereof, and this especially true of the engines
in subclasses 71, 73 and 74.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Such miscellaneous devices for cooling the working cylinder,
piston, piston-rod, or other element of an internal-combustion engine as
do not come within the terms of the definition of some one of the
following subclasses of internal-combustion engines, cooling, and accessary
devices designed for and used with cooling systems for internal-combustion engines
and not classified in some appropriate cooling subclass.
(1)
Note. The expressions "primary coolant" and "secondary
coolant", found in the definitions of the indented subclasses, refer,
respectively to a fluid employed to cool an engine surface by direct
contact therewith and to a fluid employed to cool such contacting
fluid. For example, the liquid which flows through a radiator for an
internal-combustion engine is the primary coolant, whereas the air
passing through the radiator to cool the liquid coolant is a secondary
coolant.
(2)
Note. Class 165 will receive the combination of an internal-combustion
engine and radiator when the internal-combustion engine is included
by name only.
(3)
Note. For structures including shutters for controlling the
air flow, which devices do not include significant internal-combustion
engine structure, search Classes 49, 180, 236, and 454.
Power Plants,
subclass 39.83 for cooling of parts of an engine of the internal
combustion type; subclasses 597+ for a fluid motor driven
by the waste heat of an internal combustion engine; subclasses 320+ for
an internal combustion engine having a cooled exhaust or in which
the exhaust is used as a heat source and subclass 714 for plural
motors with a common cooling means.
Motor Vehicles,
subclasses 68.4 and 68.6 for motor vehicle combinations including
radiator mountings; and subclasses 68.1+ for hoods and
such combinations including shutters. See (3) Note.
Aeronautics,
subclass 53 , for aircraft engine cowling or enclosure devices; see
(3) Note to subclass 53 in Class 244 for the line; and subclass
57, for radiators combined with aircraft structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Devices with means to sense some condition, which means
causes operation of a control device for stopping, varying, or starting
the flow of either the primary or secondary coolant.
(1)
Note. Control of replenishment from a reserve supply, which
may be condensate, is included.
(2)
Note. The inclusion of significant engine structure or specific
engine operation is the characteristic which distinguishes this
type of device from those found in Class 236.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.02. Cooling systems wherein the control of the coolant flow
is directly or indirectly controlled by a device which floats on
the surface of the coolant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.02. Cooling systems wherein the primary or secondary coolant
is air or gas and the device for stopping, varying, or starting
the flow of the air or gas is a shutter, valve, damper, adjustable cowl,
etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.04. Devices in which the shutters are controlled by a temperature
responsive device and also include an engine responsive device,
e.g., an intake or exhaust manifold pressure responsive device or
an oil pressure responsive device.
(1)
Note. The engine responsive device usually acts to automatically
close the shutters upon stopping the engine and cooperates with
the thermostat to control the shutters in response to engine temperature
while the engine is in operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.04. Devices wherein an operator of the servo-motor (fluid, electric,
etc.) type is interposed between the condition sensing means and
the shutter, valve, damper, adjustable cowl, etc.
Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation,
subclass 35.3 , for heat responsive control of shutters including
a servo-motor within the control linkage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.04. Devices in which the control of the engine carburetor throttle
valve also controls a shutter or shutters.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.02. Cooling systems wherein the primary or secondary coolant
is a fluid and the device for stopping, varying or starting the
flow of liquid is a valve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.08. Cooling systems wherein the responsive valve interrupts
the flow of fluid coolant from the engine block to a coolant source
as in the case of a primary coolant, or from a radiator or heat exchanger
to a coolant source in case of a secondary coolant, and directs
the coolant to a bypass omitting the coolant source.
(1)
Note. The coolant source may be either an exchanger or an
external supply, as an intake from the sea.
Marine Propulsion,
subclass 88 , for combinations involving boat modification.
Inclusion of hull by name only is not sufficient to place a patent
in Class 440.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.02. Devices wherein the primary or secondary coolant is air
and the device for stopping, varying or starting the flow of air
is an impeller or fan which is controlled by an automatic device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems for controlling the flow of primary or secondary
coolant flow conjointly with the engine throttle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems including (1) devices or arrangements for
draining the entire cooling system or any part thereof, usually
to prevent freezing, or (2) devices for storing heat to be returned
to the system when the engine is stopped to prevent freezing.
(1)
Note. The draining devices usually include a heat insulated
tank into which the coolant is drained and stored.
(2)
Note. Mere internal passages in a cooling system which are
not closed in normal operation of the system are not considered
draining devices, even though indented to allow complete emptying
of the block or other port.
(3)
Note. Heat storing devices must include something in addition
to mere bulk of coolant or stopping of circulation.
Fluid Handling,
subclasses 59+ for drain valves operated in response to a sensing
of freeze conditions; subclass 107 for drains responsive to flow stoppage;
and subclasses 301+ for hydrants combined with means to
prevent freezing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems having means for indicating the condition
or amount of coolant in the cooling system or any part thereof and
devices responsive to the condition or amount of cooling fluid for
preventing injury to the engine being cooled.
for tank, radiator, or jacket constructions which
permit rupture of easily replaced parts in case of excessive pressure
or which have compressible means or air pockets or resilient walls to
prevent damage to the system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cylinders, pistons, or valves with chambers containing a
confined coolant therein which may be either a liquid, solid or
gas.
(1)
Note. If there is also an external flow circuit, there is
no communication between the two.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems in which the coolant, after cooling the
engine or engine parts, discharges into the engine cylinder combustion
space or valve passages or is merely exposed to the interior of
said cylinder or valve passages.
Power Plants,
subclass 310 for a motor-exhaust combination in which the exhaust
system includes liquid contact structure and subclasses 317+ for
a system in which external fluid is mingled with exhaust gas.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems which are capable of operating in more than
one way or of changing from the use of one coolant to another, as
air, vapor, liquid, and having means for changing the system to
adapt it to the coolant or mode of operation selected, or having
means for substituting tanks for radiators or making other equivalent changes.
for vapor systems which are converted to liquid
systems or vice versa merely by adding more liquid or according
to the heat developed, without change or adjustment of the physical
structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems including a vaporized liquid other than
water which is liquefied and then allowed to expand into gas, thus
removing heat directly from the engine parts or from the engine
coolant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems in which (1) vaporization is intended to
occur, as evidenced by the creation of vapor in the jacket, the
provision of vapor space therein or by a circulating system requiring
vapor for its operation; (2) a closed system is provided which is
claimed to be operated at pressures other than atmospheric; (3)
there is manipulation to change the normal boiling point of the
coolant in a part of the system as by providing a vacuum or pressurizing;
or (4) a condenser is interposed in the system other than and/or
in addition to the normal passage of the liquid coolant through
a heat exchanging radiator, as (a) the radiator is vented through
a condenser, or into the circulating fluid, (b) the radiator is
modified to mix or recirculate vapors, or (c) the outlet from the
water jacket enters the radiator at the bottom.
(1)
Note. Vapor type operation may occur only in the starting
and warming up period of motor operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.2. Cooling systems in which there is condensation of vapor
in parts of the system external to the block or cylinder jacket
and ultimate or immediate return of the condensate to the system.
(1)
Note. Condensation of vapor may be induced by passing the
vapor through a heat exchanger, either with or without accompanying
liquid, or by introducing it into a body of liquid either in a tank
or in the circulating system.
(2)
Note. Circulation involves return of at least a portion of
the condensate to the block or cylinder jacket, either directly or
after a period of storage. The path is usually circuitous, but may
be a surge in and out through the same line.
(3)
Note. Condensation of vapor in a heat exchanger opening widely
and directly into the block water cavity or cylinder jacket is considered
circulation, but a mere tank at the top of the water space or jacket
is not so considered.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.21. Cooling systems in which a connection to the combustion
intake or carburetor reduces pressure in the system or a portion
of it, usually to promote circulation or reduce the boiling point of
the coolant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.21. Cooling systems in which the vapor emitted from the block
or jacket or a portion of it, or the condensate resulting therefrom,
is added to or separated into a fluid circuit which does not include
the block or jacket, i.e., a secondary cooling circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.21. Cooling systems in which vapor and/or water flows
from the top of the block or cylinder jacket to the bottom of the
radiator.
(1)
Note. This usually results in the water returning to the block
or cylinder without circulating through the heat exchanger, which
is an upflow condenser.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.21. Cooling systems in which vapor and water flow from the block
or cylinder jacket through the same or adjacent outlets and the
water is separated from the vapor and returned to the block or cylinder
without passing through the condenser for the vapor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.21. Cooling systems provided with an overflow vent from the
radiator-condenser which leads to a means for condensing vapors
escaping from the system through the overflow.
(1)
Note. The overflow tube may lead to a heat exchanger, a tank
or reservoir or to a part of the system in which liquid is circulating.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems having (1) conduits for furnishing each
of a plurality of cylinders with an individual supply of coolant
the distribution system branching either externally or internally of
the jacket, or (2) passages within the jacket having capacities
varying from cylinder to cylinder to produce equal cooling effects
on all cylinder
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